Appreciating Poetry Poem Read the following poem and do the activities that follow. A Bird on The Wire Leonard Cohen Like a bird on the wire Like a drunk in a midnight choir I have tried in my way to be free Like a worm on a hook Like a knight from some old fashioned book I have saved all my ribbons for thee If I, if I have been unkind I hope that you can just let it go by If I, if I have been untrue I hope you know it was never to you Oh, like a baby, stillborn Like a beast with his horn I have torn everyone who reached out for me But I swear by this song And by all that I have done wrong I will make it all up to thee a) Answer the following questions. 2x5=10 i. What is the significance of metaphor ‘Like a bird on the wire’ in the poem? ii. How does the poet explore the theme of regret in the poem? iii. What role does the imagery play in conveying the poem’s theme? iv. How does the poem reflect poet’s personal experiences? v. How does the poem reflect on the nature of human relationship? b) Read the poem again, and identify 3 metaphors and 2 similes used in the poem. Then explain the purpose of their uses. 2x5 =10 c) Read the poem again and express your feelings. 10 Answer: a) Answer the following questions. i. What is the significance of the metaphor "Like a bird on the wire" in the poem? The metaphor "Like a bird on the wire" shows that the poet feels fragile and uncertain. A bird sitting on a wire can easily fall or fly away, which represents how the poet tries to live freely but finds it difficult because of life's challenges. ii. How does the poet explore the theme of regret in the poem? The poet talks about regret by saying sorry for things he has done wrong. He admits that he may have hurt people and feels bad about it. Lines like "If I have been unkind" show that he wants to be forgiven for his mistakes and wants to fix the things he has done wrong. iii. What role does the imagery play in conveying the poem’s theme? The images in the poem, like "a bird on the wire" and "a worm on a hook," help us understand how the poet feels trapped and hurt. These images help explain his feelings of wanting freedom but also feeling stuck and guilty about things he has done. iv. How does the poem reflect the poet’s personal experiences? The poem seems to reflect the poet’s own experiences of feeling trapped, making mistakes, and wanting forgiveness. The feelings of regret and the desire to make up for past wrongs could be related to the poet’s own life and his relationships. v. How does the poem reflect on the nature of human relationships? The poem shows that human relationships can be complicated. The poet admits that he may have hurt the people who care about him, even though he didn’t mean to. He asks for forgiveness and hopes to fix the relationships he has damaged, showing the importance of saying sorry and making things right in human connections. b) Read the poem again, and identify 3 metaphors and 2 similes used in the poem. Then explain the purpose of their uses. Metaphors: "I have saved all my ribbons for thee" The "ribbons" metaphorically represent the speaker's achievements, efforts, or personal gifts that he has reserved for someone special. The comparison of "ribbons" to intangible things like efforts or feelings is a metaphor. "I have torn everyone who reached out for me" This metaphor suggests that the speaker has hurt those who have tried to help or connect with him. The use of "torn" does not literally mean he physically tore people, but emotionally or metaphorically wounded them. Similes: 1. "Like a bird on the wire" – This shows the poet feels like he's balancing between freedom and being stuck, always on the edge. 2. "Like a drunk in a midnight choir" – This shows that the poet feels out of place or not in control, but still trying to find where he belongs. Purpose of their uses: The metaphors and similes help explain the poet’s feelings and struggles. They show how he feels trapped, guilty, and lost, but still trying to find freedom and fix his mistakes. These comparisons help us understand his emotional pain more clearly. c) Read the poem again and express your feelings. After reading the poem, I felt a deep sense of sadness and reflection. The poet’s expression of regret and his attempts to seek forgiveness struck a chord with me. He acknowledges that he has hurt people unintentionally, which made me think about how we all sometimes cause pain to those we care about, even when we don't mean to. This sense of regret is something many people can relate to, and it made me feel sympathetic towards the poet. The imagery, like "a bird on the wire" and "a worm on a hook," paints a vivid picture of someone who feels trapped and vulnerable. It made me feel the weight of the poet’s emotional struggle. The bird on the wire made me think of someone trying to balance between freedom and the limitations of life, constantly struggling to stay steady. The worm on the hook reminded me of the helplessness people often feel when they are caught in difficult situations, unable to escape. As I continued reading, I could feel the poet's desire to make up for his mistakes. The line "I will make it all up to thee" shows his deep longing to fix the wrongs he has done. This gave me a sense of hope, as it reminded me that, despite our past mistakes, there is always a chance to seek forgiveness and try to make things right. The poet’s willingness to admit his faults and ask for understanding made me think about how important it is to face our mistakes honestly. Overall, the poem left me feeling thoughtful and introspective. It made me think about my own relationships and how important it is to be kind and forgiving, both to others and to ourselves. The poet's journey through guilt, regret, and the desire for redemption touched me, and it made me appreciate the complexity of human emotions and the power of forgiveness. Theme of the Poem: This poem, "A Bird on the Wire" by Leonard Cohen, expresses the speaker's struggle with freedom, love, and regret. The speaker compares himself to a bird on a wire and a drunk in a choir, showing how he has tried to be free but has often felt trapped or lost. He also likens himself to a worm on a hook and a knight from an old book, suggesting his efforts to hold onto love. The speaker admits that he has hurt others, either by being unkind or unfaithful, but he asks for forgiveness, explaining that his wrongs were never meant to hurt the person he loves. He compares himself to a stillborn baby and a wild beast, showing how he has pushed people away. Despite his mistakes, he promises to make things right and prove his love. Full Explanation and Vocabulary Line Easy Analysis Bangla Meaning Like a bird on the wire The speaker feels trapped but still tries to live freely, like a bird balancing on a wire. তার মতোই, যে তারের ওপর বসে থাকে, বাধা পেলেও মুক্ত হতে চায়। Like a drunk in a midnight choir The speaker compares themselves to a person who feels out of place, like a drunk singing with others. মধ্যরাতের গানে মাতালের মতো, যে কোথাও মানিয়ে নিতে পারছে না। I have tried in my way to be free They have made efforts to live freely, but in their own imperfect way. আমি আমার মতো করে মুক্ত হওয়ার চেষ্টা করেছি। Like a worm on a hook The speaker feels vulnerable, like a worm stuck on a hook, unable to escape. হুকের ওপর আটকে থাকা কেঁচোর মতো, অসহায় বোধ করছি। Like a knight from some old-fashioned book They’ve kept their promises or ideals, like a knight who holds onto old values. পুরোনো কোনো বইয়ের যোদ্ধার মতো, আমি আমার প্রতিশ্রুতি রক্ষা করেছি। I have saved all my ribbons for thee The speaker has held onto their good intentions and efforts for someone special. তোমার জন্য আমার সব ভালোবাসা ও প্রচেষ্টা জমিয়ে রেখেছি। If I, if I have been unkind They admit they might have hurt others. যদি আমি কোনোভাবে নিষ্ঠুর হই, তাহলে আমি স্বীকার করছি। I hope that you can just let it go by The speaker asks for forgiveness for any harm they may have caused. আমি আশা করি তুমি আমাকে ক্ষমা করবে। If I, if I have been untrue They admit they might have lied or been dishonest. যদি আমি মিথ্যা বলি, আমি তা স্বীকার করছি। I hope you know it was never to you They reassure the person that any lies were never directed at them. আমি আশা করি তুমি জানো, সেই মিথ্যা কখনো তোমার উদ্দেশ্যে ছিল না। Oh, like a baby, stillborn The speaker feels like they’ve caused pain and disappointment, like a stillborn child brings sorrow. মৃত শিশুর মতো, আমি যন্ত্রণা এবং হতাশা সৃষ্টি করেছি। Like a beast with his horn They feel like they have hurt others aggressively, like an animal with horns. শিংওয়ালা জন্তুর মতো আমি আক্রমণাত্মকভাবে অন্যদের আঘাত করেছি। I have torn everyone who reached out for me The speaker admits they’ve hurt people who tried to help them. যারা আমাকে সাহায্য করতে চেয়েছে, আমি তাদের ক্ষতি করেছি। But I swear by this song They promise through this song to make things right. আমি এই গানের মাধ্যমে প্রতিশ্রুতি দিচ্ছি, সবকিছু ঠিক করে দেব। And by all that I have done wrong They admit their mistakes, but intend to correct them. আমি আমার ভুলগুলো স্বীকার করছি, কিন্তু ঠিক করার প্রতিশ্রুতি দিচ্ছি। I will make it all up to thee The speaker vows to make things better for the person they care about. আমি তোমার জন্য সব ঠিক করে দেবার প্রতিশ্রুতি দিচ্ছি। Vocabulary Word/Expression Meaning (Simple English) Bangla Meaning All my ribbons All my accomplishments or rewards. আমার সব ফিতা: আমার সব অর্জন বা পুরস্কার। Beast with his horn An aggressive or harmful person. শিংওয়ালা জন্তু: আক্রমণাত্মক বা ক্ষতিকর ব্যক্তি। Bird on the wire A person trying to be free but feeling trapped. তারের ওপর পাখি: বাধা পেয়েও মুক্ত হওয়ার চেষ্টা করা। Clasp To hold tightly or grip something. আঁকড়ে ধরা: শক্ত করে ধরা। Coffins of clay Symbol of death or burial. মৃতদেহের কফিন: মৃত্যুর প্রতীক। Drunk in a midnight choir Someone who feels out of place or disconnected. মধ্যরাতের গানে মাতাল: দলে মানিয়ে নিতে না পারা। Free To live without restrictions or limitations. মুক্ত: কোনো বাধা ছাড়াই বাঁচা। Harbinger Something that signals the coming of something. দূত: আগমনের সংকেতবাহক। Hook A curved object that catches things, here a symbol of being trapped. হুক: আটকে থাকার প্রতীক। If I have been unkind If I have been mean or hurtful. যদি আমি নিষ্ঠুর হই: যদি আমি অমায়িক বা আঘাত করি। If I have been untrue If I have lied or been dishonest. যদি আমি মিথ্যা বলি: যদি আমি অসৎ হই। Knight from an old-fashioned book Someone who follows old values or ideals. পুরোনো বইয়ের যোদ্ধা: পুরোনো আদর্শে বিশ্বাসী। Let it go by To forgive or ignore a mistake. ছেড়ে দেওয়া: ভুল বা অন্যায় ক্ষমা করা। Midnight choir A group singing at night, symbolizing confusion or being lost. মধ্যরাতের গায়ক দল: বিভ্রান্তি বা পথভ্রষ্টতার প্রতীক। Mist Thin cloud or fog that covers things. কুয়াশা: পাতলা মেঘ বা কুয়াশা যা ঢাকা দেয়। Moon's soft rays The gentle light of the moon. চাঁদের কোমল আলো। Ribbons Symbol for achievements or important things. ফিতা: সাফল্য বা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কিছুর প্রতীক। Roar A loud sound, often made by animals or storms. গর্জন: প্রাণী বা ঝড়ের উচ্চ শব্দ। Shadows numberless Countless shadows, symbolizing many unknown things. অসংখ্য ছায়া: অসংখ্য অজানা কিছুর প্রতীক। Stillborn A baby born dead, symbol for something that fails to happen. মৃত শিশু: ব্যর্থতার প্রতীক। Soot Black dust left after burning. কালি: পোড়ানোর পরের কালো ধুলো। Song Music or melody, here symbolizing emotions or promises. গান: সুর বা আবেগের প্রতীক। Spring The season after winter, symbolizing renewal. বসন্ত: পুনর্জীবনের প্রতীক। Swear To make a serious promise. শপথ করা: গম্ভীর প্রতিশ্রুতি দেওয়া। Tattered Torn or worn out. ছেঁড়া: ছিঁড়ে যাওয়া বা পুরনো। Tears Drops of water from the eyes when sad. অশ্রু: চোখ থেকে পানি পড়া, সাধারণত দুঃখে। Thorn A sharp point on a plant, symbolizing pain. কাঁটা: গাছের ধারালো অংশ, যেটা কষ্টের প্রতীক। Torn To rip or break something apart. ছিঁড়ে ফেলা: কোনো কিছু টুকরো টুকরো করা। Tried to be free Attempted to live without restrictions. মুক্ত হওয়ার চেষ্টা: বাধা ছাড়া বাঁচার চেষ্টা। Unkind Not being nice or gentle. নিষ্ঠুর: ভালো না হওয়া। Untrue Being dishonest or lying. মিথ্যা: অসৎ হওয়া বা মিথ্যা বলা। Ad Summary of A Bird on the Wire by Leonard Cohen Leonard Cohen's A Bird on the Wire is a deeply emotional song about personal struggles, regret, and the longing for freedom. The speaker compares himself to a bird on a wire and a drunk in a choir, symbolizing his attempts to live freely despite his flaws. He acknowledges his past mistakes, admitting that he has hurt others, but emphasizes that any unkindness or dishonesty was never intentional. Through metaphors like a "worm on a hook" and a "knight from an old-fashioned book," he reflects on his efforts to be faithful and devoted. Despite his past failures, he expresses a sincere desire to make amends, swearing by his song and past wrongdoings that he will seek redemption. The lyrics convey a sense of vulnerability, regret, and the hope for forgiveness.

What is Loneliness? Causes, Effects and Prevention By: Lindsay Modglin Loneliness is a universal emotion that most of us experience at least once during our lifetime, although certain events, such as an illness or a pandemic, can make it feel more pervasive. If you’re currently experiencing feelings of loneliness, you aren’t alone. In fact, a 2020 study by Cigna found that 61% of Americans reported being lonely in 2019. up from 54% in 2018. No matter what events are occurring around you. understanding loneliness and its risks is important for recognising when you may need support. Read on to learn what loneliness is, its causes, long-term risks and ways to cope with the emotions that may come up when you're lonely. What Is Loneliness? The American Psychological Association (APA) defines loneliness as the "‘affective and cognitive discomfort or uneasiness from being or perceiving oneself to be alone or otherwise solitary.” In other words, loneliness is the menial or emotional discomfort you may experience from either being alone or feeling as though you are alone. This feeling stems from your social needs not being met and/or an inability to get the social connection you desire. Loneliness vs Being Alone Although loneliness and being alone are commonly confused, being alone doesn’t necessarily mean someone is lonely. “Loneliness is a feeling, while being alone is a situation or state of being, which is not inherently negative.” says Nina Vasan, M.D., psychiatrist and professor at Stanford University School of Medicine and chief medical officer at Real, an online mental wellness membership site. ''You can feel lonely even when you're surrounded by other people—such as a partner, family, co-workers or friends,” continues Dr. Vasan. It’s also possible lo be alone, bin not feel lonely, she adds. “For example, if you're by yourself but connecting to others through good communication or activities like volunteering, you don’t feel lonely.” What Causes Loneliness? There are various demographic factors that may contribute to loneliness. Although Dr. Vasan notes that anyone can feel lonely at any time in their life, a few groups that stand out as having an increased risk of loneliness include “young adults, mothers with young children and the elderly." Immigrants are also at higher risk for loneliness, continues Dr. Vasan. You may experience loneliness for a variety of reasons, but it can often stem from a major life change. A 2020 study by the University of Edinburgh suggests that the causes of loneliness differ depending on the age of the individual. For example, older adults experience loneliness more frequently as a result of living alone, while middle-aged individuals aren't as likely to report living alone as a cause of their loneliness. This discrepancy between what causes loneliness in older adults versus those who are middle-aged could be due to the fact that older adults have retired and no longer have the community and daily interactions of work life, explains N ikki Press. Psy.D., a clinical psychologist in New York City. Older individuals are more likely to have lost friends and family members, and they are more likely to experience medical or physical limitations that restrict their opportunities for activities and socialising, continues Dr. Press. Other common causes of loneliness include: •           The death of a close friend or family member •           Physical isolation, such as living alone or moving away from family and friends •           Illness or disability •           Retirement •           Working alone How to Cope with and Prevent Loneliness Just as the cause of loneliness can vary from person to person, coping and prevention strategies can also differ. In general, the goal is to make strong, healthy connections that fulfill your need for social interaction. While there is no substitute for help from a mental health professional, the following tips may help you build emotional connections. •         Find hobbies you enjoy: Taking part in activities you enjoy can be a great way to meet others with similar interests. Consider a book club, art class, fitness group or any other activity where you can interact with others who enjoy the same things. •         Volunteer for an organisation you support: Volunteering will not only give you a sense of accomplishment and pride, but it’s an opportunity to meet others who support that same organisation. •         Join support groups: Support groups are an excellent way to connect with others who you have something in common with, such as a mental or physical condition. •         Routinely contacting family and friends: Attempting to stay connected, even if only by phone or video chat, can help nurture your emotional health and help prevent loneliness. •         Maintain a healthy diet and regular exercise regime: Living a healthy lifestyle promotes overall wellness and reduces your risk of chronic medical conditions which could interfere with your social life. Regardless of your interests, it’s important to listen to and fulfill your desire for social connection. This can help diminish feelings of loneliness or isolation, and could help improve the overall quality of your life. (Abridged) Multiple Choice Questions 1. What is loneliness according to the American Psychological Association (APA)? a) The state of being physically alone b) A negative emotional response to social interactions c) Affective and cognitive discomfort from being or feeling alone d) A condition caused by mental illness Answer: c) Affective and cognitive discomfort from being or feeling alone 2. What percentage of Americans reported being lonely in 2019 according to the Cigna study? a) 54% b) 61% c) 50% d) 45% Answer: b) 61% 3. How is loneliness different from being alone? a) Loneliness is a feeling, while being alone is a situation b) Being alone is always negative, but loneliness is not c) Loneliness occurs only when people are physically alone d) Being alone means someone lacks social skills Answer: a) Loneliness is a feeling, while being alone is a situation 4. Which of the following is NOT listed as a group with a higher risk of loneliness? a) Young adults b) Mothers with young children c) Athletes d) The elderly Answer: c) Athletes 5. According to Dr. Vasan, what can help prevent loneliness even when someone is alone? a) Avoiding all social interactions b) Connecting with others through activities and good communication c) Spending more time watching television d) Ignoring feelings of loneliness Answer: b) Connecting with others through activities and good communication 6. Why do older adults experience loneliness more frequently? a) They have more responsibilities b) They lack hobbies c) They may live alone and have fewer social interactions d) They choose to be lonely Answer: c) They may live alone and have fewer social interactions 7. What is a common cause of loneliness among middle-aged individuals? a) Living alone b) Having too many responsibilities c) Being surrounded by too many people d) A lack of financial stability Answer: a) Living alone 8. Why might retired individuals feel lonely? a) They no longer have the community and interactions of work life b) They prefer to be alone c) They are too busy with other activities d) They dislike socializing Answer: a) They no longer have the community and interactions of work life 9. What is a major reason immigrants are at higher risk of loneliness? a) They have more free time b) They are often physically isolated from their family and friends c) They do not experience major life changes d) They do not need social connections Answer: b) They are often physically isolated from their family and friends 10. Which of the following is NOT listed as a cause of loneliness? a) Moving away from family and friends b) Working alone c) Taking up a new hobby d) Illness or disability Answer: c) Taking up a new hobby 11. What is one suggested way to prevent loneliness? a) Avoiding social interactions b) Watching TV all day c) Joining a support group d) Ignoring emotional needs Answer: c) Joining a support group 12. Why is volunteering recommended to prevent loneliness? a) It provides a sense of accomplishment and helps meet new people b) It keeps people busy and distracted c) It helps people avoid socializing d) It is only beneficial for older adults Answer: a) It provides a sense of accomplishment and helps meet new people 13. How can maintaining a healthy lifestyle help with loneliness? a) It eliminates the need for social connections b) It reduces the risk of health issues that interfere with social life c) It makes people prefer being alone d) It prevents all mental health problems Answer: b) It reduces the risk of health issues that interfere with social life 14. What is one key strategy to cope with loneliness? a) Avoiding interactions with others b) Engaging in enjoyable hobbies c) Staying at home without socializing d) Ignoring feelings of sadness Answer: b) Engaging in enjoyable hobbies 15. How can contacting family and friends help prevent loneliness? a) It forces people to socialize even if they don’t want to b) It helps nurture emotional connections c) It prevents people from needing support groups d) It eliminates the need for hobbies Answer: b) It helps nurture emotional connections 16. Why is loneliness considered a serious issue? a) It can have long-term negative effects on emotional well-being b) It only affects the elderly c) It is a temporary emotion that always goes away d) It is a sign of weakness Answer: a) It can have long-term negative effects on emotional well-being 17. What is the overall goal of coping with loneliness? a) To develop strong and healthy social connections b) To avoid people as much as possible c) To accept that loneliness is permanent d) To stop feeling emotions Answer: a) To develop strong and healthy social connections 18. Why is joining a book club or fitness group suggested for loneliness? a) It forces people to talk more b) It helps people meet others with similar interests c) It is only beneficial for young adults d) It guarantees a cure for loneliness Answer: b) It helps people meet others with similar interests 19. How does fulfilling the need for social connection help with loneliness? a) It prevents loneliness from ever occurring b) It improves overall quality of life c) It makes people dependent on others d) It forces people to be happy Answer: b) It improves overall quality of life 20. What is the main message of the text? a) Loneliness is a serious issue that requires social connection to prevent b) Being alone is the same as being lonely c) Loneliness only affects older people d) People should avoid all social interactions Answer: a) Loneliness is a serious issue that requires social connection to prevent A.    Answer (he following questions based on your reading of the passage: 1.      What difference is there between being lonely and being alone? 2.      What feelings a person may have when he/she is lonely? 3.      What factors influence older adults’ loneliness? 4.      Can you name some of the common causes of loneliness? 5.      How can a person cope with loneliness and improve their quality of life? 6.      Have you ever felt lonely and sad in your life? What was the reason for your loneliness and how did you overcome the situation? Answer: 1. What difference is there between being lonely and being alone? Being lonely and being alone are two different things. Loneliness  is a feeling of sadness or discomfort when a person does not have enough social connections. It happens when someone feels isolated, even if they are surrounded by people. On the other hand, being alone  simply means that a person is by themselves, but it does not necessarily mean they feel lonely. Some people enjoy being alone because they engage in activities they like, such as reading or painting. However, a person who is alone for a long time without social interaction may start to feel lonely. 2. What feelings a person may have when he/she is lonely? A person who is lonely may experience different emotional and mental challenges . They may feel sad, empty, isolated, or unwanted . Some people may also feel anxious, hopeless, or even depressed  because they do not have meaningful relationships or social support. In some cases, loneliness can lead to low self-esteem and lack of motivation  to interact with others. If loneliness continues for a long time, it can also affect a person’s mental and physical health. 3. What factors influence older adults’ loneliness? There are several factors that can cause loneliness in older adults . One of the main reasons is living alone . Many elderly people live by themselves because their children have moved away or they have lost their spouse. Retirement  is another major factor because it reduces their daily interactions with coworkers and friends. Additionally, older adults are more likely to experience health problems  that limit their ability to go out and socialize. Losing close friends or family members  also contributes to loneliness, as they may feel that they have no one to talk to or share their feelings with. 4. Can you name some of the common causes of loneliness? There are many reasons why people feel lonely. Some common causes include: The death of a close friend or family member  – Losing someone important can create feelings of emptiness and loneliness. Physical isolation  – Living alone or moving to a new place can make it difficult to form new social connections. Illness or disability  – Health problems can prevent people from going outside or participating in social activities. Retirement  – After leaving work, some people struggle to maintain social relationships. Working alone  – Jobs that require little human interaction can lead to loneliness over time. 5. How can a person cope with loneliness and improve their quality of life? There are several ways a person can cope with loneliness and improve their well-being: Engaging in hobbies  – Participating in activities such as reading, painting, or gardening can provide enjoyment and a sense of purpose. Volunteering  – Helping others through charity work or community service can create social connections and make a person feel valued. Joining support groups  – Connecting with people who share similar experiences can reduce loneliness and provide emotional support. Staying in touch with family and friends  – Regular phone calls, video chats, or in-person meetings can help maintain strong relationships. Following a healthy lifestyle  – Eating nutritious food and exercising regularly can improve both physical and mental health, making it easier to interact with others. 6. Have you ever felt lonely and sad in your life? What was the reason for your loneliness and how did you overcome the situation? (This is a personal question, so the answer will vary from person to person.) Yes, there was a time in my life when I felt lonely. When I moved to a new city for my studies, I did not know anyone, and I felt isolated and disconnected . At first, I struggled to adjust, but I decided to take steps to overcome my loneliness. I joined a book club and a fitness group , where I met people with similar interests. I also kept in touch with my family and friends through regular phone calls and video chats . Over time, I made new friends, and my feelings of loneliness decreased. This experience taught me that taking small steps toward social interaction can help overcome loneliness. D Fill in the blanks with the correct information from the above text. 1.             Every human being must feel lonely................. in a lifetime. 2.             ‘'You can feel lonely even when you’re .................................... by other people—such as a.................. family,............. or friends". 3.             Volunteering will not only give you a sense of.................... and................ , but it’s an opportunity to meet others who support that same organisation. 4.             Slaying connected via phone or video chat, can help........................ one’s emotional health and help................ loneliness. 5.            A few groups that stand out as having an increased risk of loneliness include “young adults,         with young children and the... ” Completed sentences with the correct information from the text: Every human being must feel lonely at least once  in a lifetime. "You can feel lonely even when you’re surrounded  by other people—such as a partner,   family,   co-workers  or friends." Volunteering will not only give you a sense of accomplishment  and pride,  but it’s an opportunity to meet others who support that same organisation. Staying connected via phone or video chat can help nurture  one’s emotional health and help prevent  loneliness. A few groups that stand out as having an increased risk of loneliness include “young adults, mothers  with young children and the elderly. ” Bangla Translation একাকীত্ব একটি সর্বজনীন আবেগ যা আমাদের বেশিরভাগই আমাদের জীবনে অন্তত একবার অনুভব করি, যদিও কিছু ঘটনা, যেমন অসুস্থতা বা মহামারী, এটিকে আরও ব্যাপক করে তুলতে পারে। আপনি যদি বর্তমানে একাকীত্বের অনুভূতি অনুভব করেন, তবে আপনি একা নন। প্রকৃতপক্ষে, সিগনার ২০২০ সালের একটি গবেষণায় দেখা গেছে যে ২০১৯ সালে ৬১% আমেরিকান একাকীত্বের কথা জানিয়েছেন, যা ২০১৮ সালে ৫৪% ছিল। আপনার চারপাশে যে ঘটনাই ঘটুক না কেন। কখন আপনার সহায়তার প্রয়োজন হতে পারে তা সনাক্ত করার জন্য একাকীত্ব এবং এর ঝুঁকিগুলি বোঝা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। একাকীত্ব কী, এর কারণ, দীর্ঘমেয়াদী ঝুঁকি এবং একাকীত্বের সময় যে আবেগগুলি আসতে পারে তা মোকাবেলা করার উপায়গুলি জানতে পড়ুন। একাকীত্ব কী? আমেরিকান সাইকোলজিক্যাল অ্যাসোসিয়েশন (APA) একাকীত্বকে "নিজেকে একা বা অন্যথায় একাকী থাকার বা অনুভব করার ফলে আবেগপ্রবণ এবং জ্ঞানীয় অস্বস্তি বা অস্বস্তি" হিসাবে সংজ্ঞায়িত করে। অন্য কথায়, একাকীত্ব হল সেই ক্ষুদ্র বা মানসিক অস্বস্তি যা আপনি একা থাকা বা একা থাকার অনুভূতি থেকে অনুভব করতে পারেন। এই অনুভূতি আপনার সামাজিক চাহিদা পূরণ না হওয়া এবং/অথবা আপনার কাঙ্ক্ষিত সামাজিক সংযোগ পেতে অক্ষমতা থেকে উদ্ভূত হয়। একাকীত্ব বনাম একা থাকা যদিও একাকীত্ব এবং একা থাকা সাধারণত বিভ্রান্তিকর, একা থাকা মানে এই নয় যে কেউ একা। "একাকীত্ব একটি অনুভূতি, যখন একা থাকা একটি পরিস্থিতি বা অস্তিত্ব, যা সহজাতভাবে নেতিবাচক নয়," নিনা ভাসান, এম.ডি., মনোরোগ বিশেষজ্ঞ এবং স্ট্যানফোর্ড ইউনিভার্সিটি স্কুল অফ মেডিসিনের অধ্যাপক এবং অনলাইন মানসিক সুস্থতা সদস্যপদ সাইট রিয়েলের প্রধান চিকিৎসা কর্মকর্তা বলেন। ''আপনি যখন অন্য লোকেদের দ্বারা বেষ্টিত থাকেন - যেমন একজন সঙ্গী, পরিবার, সহকর্মী বা বন্ধুবান্ধব, তখনও আপনি একাকী বোধ করতে পারেন,'' ডঃ ভাসান আরও বলেন। একা থাকাও সম্ভব, একাকী বোধ না করা, তিনি আরও বলেন। "উদাহরণস্বরূপ, যদি আপনি একা থাকেন কিন্তু ভালো যোগাযোগ বা স্বেচ্ছাসেবকের মতো কার্যকলাপের মাধ্যমে অন্যদের সাথে সংযোগ স্থাপন করেন, তাহলে আপনি একাকী বোধ করেন না।" একাকীত্বের কারণ কী? একাকীত্বের জন্য বিভিন্ন জনসংখ্যাতাত্ত্বিক কারণ দায়ী। যদিও ডঃ ভাসান উল্লেখ করেছেন যে যে কেউ তাদের জীবনের যেকোনো সময় একাকীত্ব বোধ করতে পারে, তবে কিছু গোষ্ঠীর মধ্যে একাকীত্বের ঝুঁকি বেশি বলে মনে হয়, যার মধ্যে রয়েছে "তরুণ প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক, ছোট বাচ্চাদের মা এবং বয়স্করা।" ডঃ ভাসান আরও বলেন, অভিবাসীরাও একাকীত্বের ঝুঁকিতে বেশি। বিভিন্ন কারণে আপনি একাকীত্ব অনুভব করতে পারেন, তবে এটি প্রায়শই জীবনের বড় পরিবর্তনের কারণে হতে পারে। এডিনবার্গ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের ২০২০ সালের একটি গবেষণায় দেখা গেছে যে একাকীত্বের কারণগুলি ব্যক্তির বয়সের উপর নির্ভর করে পরিবর্তিত হয়। উদাহরণস্বরূপ, বয়স্ক প্রাপ্তবয়স্করা একাকীত্বের অভিজ্ঞতা বেশি পান, অন্যদিকে মধ্যবয়সী ব্যক্তিরা তাদের একাকীত্বের কারণ হিসাবে একাকীত্বের কথা বলার সম্ভাবনা কম। বয়স্ক প্রাপ্তবয়স্কদের মধ্যে একাকীত্বের কারণ এবং মধ্যবয়সী ব্যক্তিদের মধ্যে এই পার্থক্য হতে পারে কারণ বয়স্ক প্রাপ্তবয়স্করা অবসর গ্রহণ করেছেন এবং তাদের আর সম্প্রদায় এবং কর্মজীবনের দৈনন্দিন মিথস্ক্রিয়া নেই, ব্যাখ্যা করেছেন নিউ ইয়র্ক সিটির একজন ক্লিনিকাল মনোবিজ্ঞানী নিক্কি প্রেস। সাই.ডি., নিউ ইয়র্ক সিটির একজন ক্লিনিকাল মনোবিজ্ঞানী। ডঃ প্রেস বলেন, বয়স্ক ব্যক্তিদের বন্ধুবান্ধব এবং পরিবারের সদস্যদের হারানোর সম্ভাবনা বেশি থাকে এবং তাদের চিকিৎসা বা শারীরিক সীমাবদ্ধতা অনুভব করার সম্ভাবনা বেশি থাকে যা তাদের কার্যকলাপ এবং সামাজিকীকরণের সুযোগকে সীমাবদ্ধ করে, ডঃ প্রেস বলেন। একাকীত্বের অন্যান্য সাধারণ কারণগুলির মধ্যে রয়েছে: • ঘনিষ্ঠ বন্ধু বা পরিবারের সদস্যের মৃত্যু • শারীরিক বিচ্ছিন্নতা, যেমন একা থাকা বা পরিবার এবং বন্ধুদের থেকে দূরে সরে যাওয়া • অসুস্থতা বা অক্ষমতা • অবসর • একাকীত্ব মোকাবেলা এবং প্রতিরোধের উপায় যেমন একাকীত্বের কারণ ব্যক্তিভেদে ভিন্ন হতে পারে, তেমনি মোকাবেলা এবং প্রতিরোধের কৌশলও ভিন্ন হতে পারে। সাধারণভাবে, লক্ষ্য হল শক্তিশালী, স্বাস্থ্যকর সংযোগ তৈরি করা যা আপনার সামাজিক মিথস্ক্রিয়ার প্রয়োজনীয়তা পূরণ করে। যদিও একজন মানসিক স্বাস্থ্য পেশাদারের সাহায্যের কোন বিকল্প নেই, নিম্নলিখিত টিপসগুলি আপনাকে মানসিক সংযোগ তৈরি করতে সাহায্য করতে পারে। • আপনার পছন্দের শখগুলি খুঁজে বের করুন: আপনার পছন্দের ক্রিয়াকলাপগুলিতে অংশ নেওয়া একই রকম আগ্রহের লোকেদের সাথে দেখা করার একটি দুর্দান্ত উপায় হতে পারে। একটি বুক ক্লাব, আর্ট ক্লাস, ফিটনেস গ্রুপ বা অন্য কোনও কার্যকলাপ বিবেচনা করুন যেখানে আপনি একই জিনিস উপভোগ করেন এমন অন্যদের সাথে যোগাযোগ করতে পারেন। • আপনার সমর্থন করা একটি সংস্থার জন্য স্বেচ্ছাসেবক: স্বেচ্ছাসেবকতা আপনাকে কেবল সাফল্য এবং গর্বের অনুভূতিই দেবে না, বরং এটি একই সংস্থাকে সমর্থন করে এমন অন্যদের সাথে দেখা করার একটি সুযোগ। • সহায়তা গোষ্ঠীতে যোগদান করুন: সহায়তা গোষ্ঠীগুলি এমন লোকেদের সাথে সংযোগ স্থাপনের একটি দুর্দান্ত উপায় যাদের সাথে আপনার কিছু মিল রয়েছে, যেমন মানসিক বা শারীরিক অবস্থা। • নিয়মিতভাবে পরিবার এবং বন্ধুদের সাথে যোগাযোগ: সংযুক্ত থাকার চেষ্টা করা, এমনকি কেবল ফোন বা ভিডিও চ্যাটের মাধ্যমে হলেও, আপনার মানসিক স্বাস্থ্যকে লালন করতে এবং একাকীত্ব প্রতিরোধ করতে সহায়তা করতে পারে। • একটি স্বাস্থ্যকর খাদ্য এবং নিয়মিত ব্যায়ামের নিয়ম বজায় রাখুন: একটি স্বাস্থ্যকর জীবনযাপন সামগ্রিক সুস্থতা বৃদ্ধি করে এবং দীর্ঘস্থায়ী চিকিৎসা অবস্থার ঝুঁকি হ্রাস করে যা আপনার সামাজিক জীবনে হস্তক্ষেপ করতে পারে। তোমার আগ্রহ যাই হোক না কেন Ad Ad Bangla Translation of the essay গ্রাফিতি প্রতিবাদ ও ক্ষমতার হাতিয়ার হিসেবে শিল্পকলা ধারণা প্রকাশের একটি শক্তিশালী মাধ্যম, কিন্তু গ্রাফিতি বিশেষ কারণ এটি প্রায়শই রাজনৈতিক প্রতিবাদে ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমনটি ব্যাঙ্কসি একবার বলেছিলেন, "শিল্পের উচিত বিক্ষুব্ধদের সান্ত্বনা দেওয়া এবং আরামদায়কদের বিরক্ত করা।" বাংলাদেশে, সেন্সরশিপের বিরুদ্ধে লড়াইয়ে এবং ক্ষমতায় থাকা ব্যক্তিদের চ্যালেঞ্জ করার ক্ষেত্রে গ্রাফিতি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করেছে। দেয়াল চিত্রের মতো পরিকল্পিত শিল্পকর্মের বিপরীতে, গ্রাফিতি দ্রুত, বেনামী এবং ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ, যা এটিকে অন্যায়ের বিরুদ্ধে কথা বলার একটি শক্তিশালী উপায় করে তুলেছে। বাংলাদেশে গ্রাফিতি বহু বছর ধরে ব্যবহার করা হচ্ছে। ১৯৬৬ সালে, ছাত্র কর্মীরা একটি নিষ্ঠুর সরকারের বিরুদ্ধে প্রতিবাদ করার জন্য দেয়ালে "ডাউন উইথ আইয়ুব খান" স্প্রে-আঁকে। এটি দেখায় যে গ্রাফিতি কীভাবে প্রতিরোধের বার্তা ছড়িয়ে দিতে পারে। ১৯৭১ সালে মুক্তিযুদ্ধের সময়, এটি মানুষকে স্বাধীনতার জন্য লড়াই করতে অনুপ্রাণিত করার জন্যও ব্যবহৃত হয়েছিল। সম্প্রতি, জুলাইয়ের বিদ্রোহের সময় গ্রাফিতি আবার প্রতিবাদের একটি প্রধান রূপ হয়ে ওঠে। "দেশ কারও পিতা নয়" এবং "এক দোফা, এক দোফা—শৌরচর তুমি কেউ জাবি?" এর মতো স্লোগান। (এক দাবি, এক শর্ত—কখন তুমি চলে যাবে, স্বৈরশাসক?) দেয়ালে প্রদর্শিত হয়েছিল, যা অন্যায়ের বিরুদ্ধে মানুষের ক্ষোভ প্রকাশ করেছিল। এই বার্তাগুলি সহজে মুছে ফেলা যেত না এবং অতীতের প্রতিবাদের কথা মনে করিয়ে দেয়, যেমন এরশাদের শাসনামলে নূর হোসেনের মৃতদেহে লেখা বিখ্যাত স্লোগান "গণতন্ত্র মুক্তি পাক" (গণতন্ত্র মুক্ত হোক)। গ্রাফিতি বিভিন্ন সম্প্রদায়ের সংগ্রামকেও তুলে ধরে। একটি বার্তায় বলা হয়েছিল, "একটি জাতির দেশ নয়, বাংলাদেশ অনেক সম্প্রদায়ের দেশ," যা দেখায় যে সমস্ত গোষ্ঠী ন্যায়বিচারের যোগ্য। দেয়াল শিল্পের বিপরীতে, যা সময় এবং অনুমোদন নেয়, গ্রাফিতি দ্রুত এবং প্রায়শই গোপনে করা হয়। এটি উপেক্ষা করা বা নীরব করা ব্যক্তিদের কণ্ঠস্বর দেয়। গ্রাফিতির আসল শক্তি হল এটি সহজে মুছে ফেলা যায় না। কর্তৃপক্ষ এটি সরিয়ে ফেললেও, বার্তাটি মানুষের মনে থেকে যায়। এটি সাধারণ দেয়ালগুলিকে প্রতিবাদের জায়গায় পরিণত করে এবং আমাদের মনে করিয়ে দেয় যে নিপীড়নের মধ্যেও, মানুষ সর্বদা ন্যায়বিচারের জন্য লড়াই করার উপায় খুঁজে পাবে।

Disturbing the Comfortable, Comforting the Disturbed “Art should comfort the disturbed and disturb the comfortable,” writes the pseudonymous street artist Banksy—a sentiment that encapsulates the spirit of graffiti’s defiance. On 17 July 2024, Abu Sayeed, an unarmed organizer of the student movement for quota reform at Begum Rokeya University in Rangpur, was shot and killed by police as he stood with his arms stretched out, leaving his mother, Monowara Begum, shell-shocked and crying, “My son only wanted a job; if you don’t want to give him a job, then don’t—but why did you kill him?” Since the 1960s, graffiti in Bangladesh has served as a powerful voice for resistance. In 1966, student activists spray-painted slogans like “Down with Ayub Khan” on walls, using graffiti as a covert means of protest against a repressive regime. When military forces approached, they shouted “chika! chika!”—a word meaning jackal or muskrat—pretending they were killing rodents to disguise their actions. This guerrilla tactic marked the beginning of graffiti as a tool of dissent in Bangladesh, and it played a crucial role in the Liberation War in 1971. In recent times, graffiti has resurfaced as a powerful expression of dissent, particularly during the July uprising. Spray-painted messages like “The country is nobody’s father” invoked the legacy of past movements, echoing the iconic “Gonotantra Mukti Paak” (Let Democracy Be Free), famously written on the body of protester Noor Hossain during the Ershad regime. Each stroke of paint carried forward a history of defiance that has shaped Bangladesh’s political landscape, drawing connections between past and present struggles for justice. Wall art depicting iconic moments of the July uprising Graffiti’s potency lies in its subversive, guerrilla nature. Unlike wall art, which is typically organized and sanctioned, graffiti thrives on immediacy, spontaneity, and the risk of persecution. Where wall art may take time and care, graffiti is often quick, requiring speed and anonymity due to the threat of detection. Its purpose is to challenge power, counter surveillance, and inscribe messages that are otherwise censored or suppressed. The July uprising brought new dimensions to this medium of dissent. Spray-painted slogans defied erasure, embodying collective rage and revolutionary solidarity. Demands like “Ek dofa, ek dabi—shoirachar tui kobe jabi?” (One demand, one condition—when will you leave, dictator?) surfaced as cries for justice, echoing the French philosopher Jacques Derrida’s assertion that “What cannot be said... must not be silenced but written.” A strong sense of inclusivity was also reflected in the wall art and graffiti during and after the July uprising, which highlighted the struggles of marginalized and minoritized people. Numerous graffiti and wall art pieces not only called for justice but also carried a broader message of liberation: “Not a land of one nation, Bangladesh is a land of many communities.” This symbolized the interconnected struggles of all communities, underscoring the message that our collective liberation is intertwined, with the fight for justice uniting people across regions and backgrounds. The true power of graffiti lies in its resilience; it persists as a medium for revolutionary memory and collective consciousness. It speaks for those silenced, ensures the struggles of the marginalized endure, and, as Banksy’s words suggest, comforts the disturbed while disturbing the comfortable. Multiple Choice Questions 1. Who is credited with the quote, “Art should comfort the disturbed and disturb the comfortable”? A) Pablo Picasso B) Banksy C) Jean-Michel Basquiat D) Andy Warhol Answer: B) Banksy 2. What was Abu Sayeed’s role in the student movement? A) He was a university professor B) He was a government official C) He was an organizer of the quota reform movement D) He was a journalist Answer: C) He was an organizer of the quota reform movement 3. How did Abu Sayeed die? A) He was arrested B) He was shot by police C) He died in a protest stampede D) He was poisoned Answer: B) He was shot by police 4. What was Monowara Begum’s response to her son’s death? A) She demanded financial compensation B) She asked why her son was killed for simply wanting a job C) She called for an end to student protests D) She blamed the university Answer: B) She asked why her son was killed for simply wanting a job 5. When did graffiti first emerge as a form of protest in Bangladesh? A) During the 1990s student movements B) In the 2000s digital activism era C) In 1966 against Ayub Khan’s regime D) After the July uprising Answer: C) In 1966 against Ayub Khan’s regime 6. What does the word “chika” originally mean in Bangla? A) Freedom B) Revolution C) Jackal or muskrat D) Wall painting Answer: C) Jackal or muskrat 7. How did student activists use the word “chika” to mislead military forces? A) By chanting it as a slogan B) By disguising their graffiti-making as killing rodents C) By naming their protest group “Chika” D) By writing it on their banners Answer: B) By disguising their graffiti-making as killing rodents 8. How did graffiti play a role in the Liberation War of 1971? A) It was used to mark safe houses B) It spread secret revolutionary messages C) It was a tool for foreign propaganda D) It helped soldiers identify enemies Answer: B) It spread secret revolutionary messages 9. Which historical slogan was written on Noor Hossain’s body? A) “Down with Ayub Khan” B) “Let Democracy Be Free” C) “One demand, one condition” D) “The country is nobody’s father” Answer: B) “Let Democracy Be Free” 10. How did graffiti resurface during the July uprising? A) As a new form of entertainment B) As a tool of revolutionary expression C) As an official government campaign D) As a means of advertising political parties Answer: B) As a tool of revolutionary expression 11. What was the meaning behind the slogan “The country is nobody’s father”? A) It criticized political dynasties and authoritarian rule B) It supported traditional values C) It promoted nationalism D) It was a call for peace Answer: A) It criticized political dynasties and authoritarian rule 12. What is a key difference between graffiti and wall art? A) Graffiti is organized, while wall art is spontaneous B) Wall art is sanctioned, while graffiti is often illegal and subversive C) Graffiti takes time to complete, while wall art is done quickly D) Wall art is always political, while graffiti is not Answer: B) Wall art is sanctioned, while graffiti is often illegal and subversive 13. Why does graffiti require speed and anonymity? A) Because it is expensive to create B) To avoid detection and persecution C) To make it more artistic D) Because it is done with special permission Answer: B) To avoid detection and persecution 14. What slogan from the July uprising called for the removal of dictatorship? A) “The country is nobody’s father” B) “Let Democracy Be Free” C) “One demand, one condition—when will you leave, dictator?” D) “Long live our leader” Answer: C) “One demand, one condition—when will you leave, dictator?” 15. Which philosopher’s words are linked to the idea of graffiti resisting censorship? A) Karl Marx B) Jacques Derrida C) Michel Foucault D) Friedrich Nietzsche Answer: B) Jacques Derrida 16. How did graffiti during the July uprising promote inclusivity? A) It focused only on student issues B) It highlighted the struggles of marginalized communities C) It only contained anti-government slogans D) It discouraged public participation Answer: B) It highlighted the struggles of marginalized communities 17. What was a key message of the graffiti about Bangladesh’s identity? A) “Bangladesh belongs to one nation” B) “Not a land of one nation, Bangladesh is a land of many communities” C) “Only one culture matters” D) “History is irrelevant to our future” Answer: B) “Not a land of one nation, Bangladesh is a land of many communities” 18. What is one of graffiti’s most powerful roles in activism? A) Providing entertainment B) Serving as a medium for revolutionary memory and resistance C) Decorating city walls D) Promoting corporate brands Answer: B) Serving as a medium for revolutionary memory and resistance 19. According to the text, how does graffiti “comfort the disturbed”? A) By allowing people to express their struggles B) By providing financial aid to protesters C) By creating a peaceful environment D) By reducing the need for protests Answer: A) By allowing people to express their struggles 20. Why is graffiti often erased or censored? A) It is illegal and unsanctioned B) It is difficult to understand C) It does not reflect political issues D) It is not widely seen Answer: A) It is illegal and unsanctioned A. Answer (he following questions based on your reading of the passage: 1. How does graffiti serve as a powerful tool of resistance and dissent, especially in political movements? Compare its role in Bangladesh from the 1960s to the July uprising of 2024. 2. How does graffiti reflect the interconnected struggles for justice across different communities and regions? How do slogans like Trom the plains to the hills, this time liberation is for all” illustrate this message? 3. In what ways do graffiti and wall art differ in terms of their purpose, creation, and the risks involved? What makes graffiti a more subversive, guerrilla form of expression? 4. What role do immediacy and anonymity play in the creation of graffiti, especially in politically charged contexts? Why are these characteristics essential to its effectiveness? 5. How can graffiti contribute to collective memory and preserve the struggles of marginalized communities, as seen in the recent protests? What makes it an enduring form of expression, even in the face of censorship? Answer: How does graffiti help in protests and political movements? How was it used in Bangladesh from the 1960s to the July uprising of 2024? Graffiti has been a secret way to protest in Bangladesh since the 1960s. Back then, students wrote “Down with Ayub Khan” on walls to protest against the government. They used the word “chika! chika!” (meaning jackal) to hide their actions when police were near. During the 1971 Liberation War, graffiti helped people fight for freedom. In the July 2024 uprising, it became important again. People painted slogans like “The country is nobody’s father”, reminding everyone of past protests. Graffiti allowed protesters to express their anger quickly and without fear of censorship. How does graffiti show that different groups fight for justice together? What does the slogan “From the plains to the hills, this time liberation is for all” mean? Graffiti often speaks for poor or unfairly treated people. During the July 2024 uprising, graffiti showed that all oppressed groups are connected. A slogan like “Not a land of one nation, Bangladesh is a land of many communities” proved that many different groups were fighting for justice. The slogan “From the plains to the hills, this time liberation is for all” means that freedom is not just for one group but for everyone—students, workers, and ethnic minorities. It shows that justice should include all people, no matter where they come from. How is graffiti different from wall art? Why is graffiti more rebellious and risky? Graffiti and wall art are not the same. Wall art is usually planned and approved, taking time to complete. Graffiti, on the other hand, is quick, illegal, and risky. People make graffiti fast because they might be caught. It is used to fight against authority and share messages that might be banned. During the July 2024 uprising, graffiti slogans like “One demand, one condition—when will you leave, dictator?” directly challenged the government. Unlike wall art, graffiti is about immediate action and rebellion against power. Why are speed and secrecy important for graffiti, especially in protests? How do they make graffiti powerful? Graffiti is often made in secret because it can be dangerous. Speed is important because artists need to finish before they are caught by police. Anonymity protects them from being punished. This is why graffiti is useful in places where people are not allowed to speak freely. In the July 2024 uprising, protesters used graffiti to spread messages fast. Even if the government tried to remove it, more graffiti appeared. Because graffiti is quick and cannot be controlled, it is a powerful way to protest. How does graffiti help people remember struggles and protect the voices of oppressed communities? Why does it survive even when people try to erase it? Graffiti keeps history alive by remembering important protests. In the July 2024 uprising, graffiti helped people honor Abu Sayeed, a student who was killed by police. It also gave a voice to minorities and others who feel ignored. Even if the government tries to erase graffiti, people keep making new ones. That’s why graffiti is an unstoppable form of protest. As Banksy says, it supports the weak while challenging those in power. Bangla Translation আরামদায়কদের বিরক্ত করা, বিরক্তদের সান্ত্বনা দেওয়া "শিল্পের উচিত বিপর্যস্তদের সান্ত্বনা দেওয়া এবং আরামদায়কদের বিরক্ত করা," ছদ্মনামধারী রাস্তার শিল্পী ব্যাংকসি লিখেছেন - এমন একটি অনুভূতি যা গ্রাফিতির অবাধ্যতার চেতনাকে ধারণ করে। ১৭ জুলাই ২০২৪ তারিখে, রংপুরের বেগম রোকেয়া বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে কোটা সংস্কারের জন্য ছাত্র আন্দোলনের একজন নিরস্ত্র সংগঠক আবু সাঈদকে পুলিশ গুলি করে হত্যা করে, যখন তিনি হাত প্রসারিত করে দাঁড়িয়ে ছিলেন, তার মা মনোয়ারা বেগমকে গুলি করে হত্যা করা হয় এবং কাঁদতে কাঁদতে বলেন, "আমার ছেলে কেবল একটি চাকরি চেয়েছিল; যদি তুমি তাকে চাকরি দিতে না চাও, তাহলে করো না - কিন্তু কেন তুমি তাকে হত্যা করলে?" ১৯৬০ এর দশক থেকে, বাংলাদেশে গ্রাফিতি প্রতিরোধের জন্য একটি শক্তিশালী কণ্ঠস্বর হিসেবে কাজ করেছে। ১৯৬৬ সালে, ছাত্রকর্মীরা দমনমূলক শাসনের বিরুদ্ধে প্রতিবাদের গোপন উপায় হিসেবে গ্রাফিতি ব্যবহার করে দেয়ালে "আইয়ুব খান নিপাত যাক" এর মতো স্লোগান স্প্রে করে এঁকেছিল। সামরিক বাহিনী যখন এগিয়ে আসে, তখন তারা চিৎকার করে বলে ওঠে "চিকা!" "চিকা!" - একটি শব্দ যার অর্থ শৃগাল বা কস্তুরী - ভান করে যে তারা তাদের কর্মকাণ্ড লুকানোর জন্য ইঁদুর হত্যা করছে। এই গেরিলা কৌশলটি বাংলাদেশে ভিন্নমত পোষণের হাতিয়ার হিসেবে গ্রাফিতির সূচনা করে এবং এটি ১৯৭১ সালের মুক্তিযুদ্ধে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। সাম্প্রতিক সময়ে, গ্রাফিতিগুলি ভিন্নমত পোষণের একটি শক্তিশালী প্রকাশ হিসেবে পুনরুত্থিত হয়েছে, বিশেষ করে জুলাইয়ের বিদ্রোহের সময়। "দেশ কারও পিতা নয়" এর মতো স্প্রে-আঁকা বার্তাগুলি অতীতের আন্দোলনের উত্তরাধিকারকে উস্কে দিয়েছে, এরশাদের শাসনামলে প্রতিবাদকারী নূর হোসেনের শরীরে বিখ্যাতভাবে লেখা "গণতন্ত্র মুক্তি পাক" (গণতন্ত্র মুক্ত হোক) এর প্রতিধ্বনি। রঙের প্রতিটি ছোঁয়া বাংলাদেশের রাজনৈতিক ভূদৃশ্যকে রূপদানকারী অবাধ্যতার ইতিহাসকে এগিয়ে নিয়ে গেছে, ন্যায়বিচারের জন্য অতীত এবং বর্তমান সংগ্রামের মধ্যে সংযোগ স্থাপন করেছে। জুলাইয়ের বিদ্রোহের প্রতীকী মুহূর্তগুলিকে চিত্রিত করা দেয়াল শিল্প গ্রাফিতির শক্তি তার ধ্বংসাত্মক, গেরিলা প্রকৃতির মধ্যে নিহিত। দেয়াল শিল্প, যা সাধারণত সংগঠিত এবং অনুমোদিত, তার বিপরীতে গ্রাফিতি তাৎক্ষণিকতা, স্বতঃস্ফূর্ততা এবং নিপীড়নের ঝুঁকির উপর ভর করে। যেখানে দেয়াল শিল্পে সময় এবং যত্নের প্রয়োজন হতে পারে, সেখানে দেয়াল শিল্পকর্ম প্রায়শই দ্রুত হয়, যার ফলে সনাক্তকরণের হুমকির কারণে দ্রুততা এবং গোপনীয়তা প্রয়োজন হয়। এর উদ্দেশ্য হলো ক্ষমতাকে চ্যালেঞ্জ করা, নজরদারি প্রতিহত করা এবং সেন্সর করা বা দমন করা বার্তা খোদাই করা। জুলাইয়ের বিদ্রোহ এই ভিন্নমতের মাধ্যমে নতুন মাত্রা এনেছে। স্প্রে-আঁকা স্লোগানগুলি মুছে ফেলাকে অস্বীকার করেছিল, সম্মিলিত ক্রোধ এবং বিপ্লবী সংহতির প্রতীক। "এক দোফা, এক দাবী—শৈরাচার তুমি কোবে জাবি?" (এক দাবি, এক শর্ত—তুমি কখন চলে যাবে, একনায়ক?) এর মতো দাবিগুলি ন্যায়বিচারের জন্য চিৎকার হিসেবে উঠে এসেছিল, যা ফরাসি দার্শনিক জ্যাক ডেরিডার এই বক্তব্যের প্রতিধ্বনি করে যে, "যা বলা যায় না... তা নীরব করে দেওয়া উচিত নয় বরং লেখা উচিত।" জুলাইয়ের বিদ্রোহের সময় এবং তার পরে দেয়াল শিল্পকর্ম এবং দেয়াল শিল্পকর্মেও অন্তর্ভুক্তির এক শক্তিশালী অনুভূতি প্রতিফলিত হয়েছিল, যা প্রান্তিক এবং সংখ্যালঘু মানুষের সংগ্রামকে তুলে ধরেছিল। অসংখ্য দেয়াল শিল্পকর্ম কেবল ন্যায়বিচারের আহ্বানই করেনি বরং মুক্তির একটি বৃহত্তর বার্তাও বহন করে: "এক জাতির দেশ নয়, বাংলাদেশ বহু সম্প্রদায়ের দেশ।" এটি সকল সম্প্রদায়ের আন্তঃসংযুক্ত সংগ্রামের প্রতীক ছিল, এই বার্তাটি তুলে ধরে যে আমাদের সম্মিলিত মুক্তি একে অপরের সাথে জড়িত, ন্যায়বিচারের লড়াই অঞ্চল এবং পটভূমি জুড়ে মানুষকে ঐক্যবদ্ধ করে। গ্রাফিতির আসল শক্তি এর স্থিতিস্থাপকতার মধ্যে নিহিত; এটি বিপ্লবী স্মৃতি এবং সম্মিলিত চেতনার মাধ্যম হিসেবে টিকে থাকে। এটি নীরবদের পক্ষে কথা বলে, প্রান্তিকদের সংগ্রাম নিশ্চিত করে এবং, যেমন ব্যাঙ্কসির কথায় বোঝা যায়, বিপর্যস্তদের সান্ত্বনা দেয় এবং আরামদায়কদের বিরক্ত করে। Ad Ad B. Writing Exercise: Graffiti has been considered a significant form of expression in political movements, especially in limes of oppression. Write a short essay discussing the role of graffiti in resisting censorship and challenging power, particularly in the context of Bangladesh’s history. Analyze how graffiti, as a form of spontaneous and guerrilla expression, differs from other more organized artistic expressions like wall art. Use examples from the passage, including the slogans during the July uprising, to support your argument. Answer: Graffiti as a Tool of Protest and Power Art is a strong way to express ideas, but graffiti is special because it is often used in political protests. As Banksy once said, “Art should comfort the disturbed and disturb the comfortable.” In Bangladesh, graffiti has played an important role in fighting against censorship and challenging those in power. Unlike planned artworks like wall paintings, graffiti is quick, anonymous, and risky, making it a powerful way to speak out against injustice. Graffiti has been used in Bangladesh for many years. In 1966, student activists spray-painted “Down with Ayub Khan” on walls to protest against a cruel government. This showed how graffiti could spread messages of resistance. During the Liberation War in 1971, it was also used to inspire people to fight for freedom. Recently, graffiti became a major form of protest again during the July uprising. Slogans like “The country is nobody’s father” and “Ek dofa, ek dabi—shoirachar tui kobe jabi?” (One demand, one condition—when will you leave, dictator?) appeared on walls, showing people’s anger against injustice. These messages could not be erased easily and reminded people of past protests, such as Noor Hossain’s famous slogan “Gonotantra Mukti Paak” (Let Democracy Be Free) written on his body during the Ershad regime. Graffiti also highlights the struggles of different communities. One message said, “Not a land of one nation, Bangladesh is a land of many communities,” showing that all groups deserve justice. Unlike wall art, which takes time and approval, graffiti is done quickly and often in secret. It gives a voice to those who are ignored or silenced. The true strength of graffiti is that it cannot be easily erased. Even if authorities remove it, the message stays in people’s minds. It turns simple walls into places of protest and reminds us that even under oppression, people will always find a way to fight for justice. Bangla Translation of the essay গ্রাফিতি প্রতিবাদ ও ক্ষমতার হাতিয়ার হিসেবে শিল্পকলা ধারণা প্রকাশের একটি শক্তিশালী মাধ্যম, কিন্তু গ্রাফিতি বিশেষ কারণ এটি প্রায়শই রাজনৈতিক প্রতিবাদে ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমনটি ব্যাঙ্কসি একবার বলেছিলেন, "শিল্পের উচিত বিক্ষুব্ধদের সান্ত্বনা দেওয়া এবং আরামদায়কদের বিরক্ত করা।" বাংলাদেশে, সেন্সরশিপের বিরুদ্ধে লড়াইয়ে এবং ক্ষমতায় থাকা ব্যক্তিদের চ্যালেঞ্জ করার ক্ষেত্রে গ্রাফিতি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করেছে। দেয়াল চিত্রের মতো পরিকল্পিত শিল্পকর্মের বিপরীতে, গ্রাফিতি দ্রুত, বেনামী এবং ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ, যা এটিকে অন্যায়ের বিরুদ্ধে কথা বলার একটি শক্তিশালী উপায় করে তুলেছে। বাংলাদেশে গ্রাফিতি বহু বছর ধরে ব্যবহার করা হচ্ছে। ১৯৬৬ সালে, ছাত্র কর্মীরা একটি নিষ্ঠুর সরকারের বিরুদ্ধে প্রতিবাদ করার জন্য দেয়ালে "ডাউন উইথ আইয়ুব খান" স্প্রে-আঁকে। এটি দেখায় যে গ্রাফিতি কীভাবে প্রতিরোধের বার্তা ছড়িয়ে দিতে পারে। ১৯৭১ সালে মুক্তিযুদ্ধের সময়, এটি মানুষকে স্বাধীনতার জন্য লড়াই করতে অনুপ্রাণিত করার জন্যও ব্যবহৃত হয়েছিল। সম্প্রতি, জুলাইয়ের বিদ্রোহের সময় গ্রাফিতি আবার প্রতিবাদের একটি প্রধান রূপ হয়ে ওঠে। "দেশ কারও পিতা নয়" এবং "এক দোফা, এক দোফা—শৌরচর তুমি কেউ জাবি?" এর মতো স্লোগান। (এক দাবি, এক শর্ত—কখন তুমি চলে যাবে, স্বৈরশাসক?) দেয়ালে প্রদর্শিত হয়েছিল, যা অন্যায়ের বিরুদ্ধে মানুষের ক্ষোভ প্রকাশ করেছিল। এই বার্তাগুলি সহজে মুছে ফেলা যেত না এবং অতীতের প্রতিবাদের কথা মনে করিয়ে দেয়, যেমন এরশাদের শাসনামলে নূর হোসেনের মৃতদেহে লেখা বিখ্যাত স্লোগান "গণতন্ত্র মুক্তি পাক" (গণতন্ত্র মুক্ত হোক)। গ্রাফিতি বিভিন্ন সম্প্রদায়ের সংগ্রামকেও তুলে ধরে। একটি বার্তায় বলা হয়েছিল, "একটি জাতির দেশ নয়, বাংলাদেশ অনেক সম্প্রদায়ের দেশ," যা দেখায় যে সমস্ত গোষ্ঠী ন্যায়বিচারের যোগ্য। দেয়াল শিল্পের বিপরীতে, যা সময় এবং অনুমোদন নেয়, গ্রাফিতি দ্রুত এবং প্রায়শই গোপনে করা হয়। এটি উপেক্ষা করা বা নীরব করা ব্যক্তিদের কণ্ঠস্বর দেয়। গ্রাফিতির আসল শক্তি হল এটি সহজে মুছে ফেলা যায় না। কর্তৃপক্ষ এটি সরিয়ে ফেললেও, বার্তাটি মানুষের মনে থেকে যায়। এটি সাধারণ দেয়ালগুলিকে প্রতিবাদের জায়গায় পরিণত করে এবং আমাদের মনে করিয়ে দেয় যে নিপীড়নের মধ্যেও, মানুষ সর্বদা ন্যায়বিচারের জন্য লড়াই করার উপায় খুঁজে পাবে।

Read the following passage and answer the questions below: Pritilata Waddedar was born in Chattogram on 5 May 1911. She was a meritorious student at Dr Khastagir Government Girls' School in Chattogram and Eden College, Dhaka. She finally graduated in philosophy with distinction from Bathune College in Kolkata. In her college days, Pritilata was an activist in the anti-British movement. All through her life, she dreamt of two things: a society without gender discrimination, and her motherland free from British colonial rule. So she decided to fight against the British rule. Soon after. Pritilata became the head teacher of Nandankanon Aparna Charan School in Chattogram. Gradually she involved herself in Surja Sen's armed resistance movement. Surja Sen was a famous anti British movement organizer and revolutionary activist in Chattogram area at that time. In 1932. Surja Sen planned an attack on the Pahartali European Club. The club was well--k notorious sign at its entrance Indians not allowed. Surja Sen assigned Pritilata to lead a team of 10--12 men Club. The raid was successful Pritilata, dressed as a man, failed to club. She committed suicide by take cyanide to avoid arrest. She proved the work like men. She also proved that needed to be prepared to sacrifice the freedom from the British colonial rule. Her dream signally came true. The British rule end in 1947 though she couldn't see it during her lifetime. Multiple Choice Questions 1. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives (a) Pritilata was not a-- (i) valetudinarian (ii) fighter (iii) preceptor (iv) humanitarian Answer: (a) (iv) humanitarian (b) Pritilata is an icon of (i) Patriotism (ii) motherhood (iii) humanitarianism (iv) nature lover Answer: (b) (i) patriotism (c) Pritilata studied at -- (i) Khulna (ii) Kolkata (iii) Mymensingh (iv) Agra Answer: (c) (ii) Kolkata (d) Which of the following has the meaning of the word distinction? (i) Noble (ii) Divine (iii) Credit (iv) Deli Answer: (d) (iii) Credit (e) Pritilata raided the Pahartali Euro at the age of —.. (i) 21 (ii) 22 (iii) 25 Answer: (e) (i) 21 (f) Who planned to attack on the European Club? (i) Aparna Sen (ii) Surja Sen (iii) Pritila (iv) The committee of anti-British move Answer: (f) (ii) Surja Sen (g) Discrimination means (i) dissatisfaction (ii) indifferent (iii) injustice (iv) inequality Answer: (g) (iv) inequality Extra Questions: (1) Which of the following statements is true about Pritilata's death? (i) She died a natural death in the camp (ii) The British soldiers attacked her and killed her (iii) She was beaten to death by the British soldiers (iv) She committed suicide by taking potassium cyanide to avoid arrest Answer: (1) (iv) She committed suicide by taking potassium cyanide to avoid arrest (2) Women can work like men'. What is meant by the statement? (i) Women look like men (ii) Their appearance is the same (iii) Women are always subservient to men (iv) Both men and women can work in the same role Answer: (2) (iv) Both men and women can work in the same role (3) What was Pritilata's aim? (i) To surrender to the British and the colonial rule (ii) To enjoy the British patronage and lead a comfortable life (iii) To kill the native people and torture them in various ways (iv) To see a society without gender discrimination and her motherland without British colonial rule Answer: (3) (iv) To see a society without gender discrimination and her motherland without British colonial rule (4) Pritilata was born to be a/an -- (i) musician (ii) activist (iii) society reformer (iv) patriot Answer: (4) (IV) patriot (5) Professionally she was a--. (i) doctor . (ii) philosopher (iii) combatant iv) teacher Answer: (5) (iv) teacher (6) Pritilata disguised herself as a -- (i) heroine (ii) male (iii) female ; (iv) prince Answer: (6) (ii) male (7) Pritilata hailed from -- (i) Bangladesh (ii) Britain (iii) India (iv) Kolkata Answer: (7) (i) Bangladesh (8) Pritllata died the country. (i) of (ii) for (iii) to (iv) by Answer: (8) (ii) for (9) The word 'movement' refers to , (i) moveable (ii) strop (iii) agitation (iv) shake Answer: (9) (iii) agitation (10) European club -- Indians. (i) defeated (ii) defended (iii) honoured (iv) disrespected Answer: (10) (iv) disrespected (11) The word 'raid in the passage is a/an ---- (i) adverb (ii) verb (iii) adjective (iv) noun Answer: (11) (iv) noun (12) What did Pritilata prove by her acts? (i) Women are also meritorious (ii) Women are also a vital part of men’s life (iii) Women can contribute in doing great doing great job (iv) Women have the right to sacrifice their lives Answer: (12) (iii) women can contribute in doing great job (13) The phrase 'come to an end" means -- (i) to break (ii) to resume (iv) to finish (iii) to come (iv) to finish Answer: (13) (iv) to finish (14) The word 'assign' means -- (i) provide materials (ii) give responsibilities (iii) take duties (iv) allow sign Answer: (14) (ii) give responsibilities (15) Which of the following sentences, is incorrect? (i) Women needed to sacrifice life for freedom (ii) Pritilata was an anti-British activist as well as a teacher (iii) Surja Sen was not a teacher but an anti-British movement organizer (iv) Pritilata has been assassinated Answer: (15) (iv) Pritilata has been assassinated (16) What does the expression 'her dream came true' mean? (i) She was killed (ii) The country achieved freedom (iii) She could save herself from the anguish of the British Government (iv) She received a huge amount of money from the British Government Answer: (16) (ii) The country achieved freedom (17) Which of the following best describes Pritilata's higher educational background? (i) She was an activist in the ant--British movement (ii) She completed Master's Degree in English literature from Eden College (iii) She was a meritorious student at Dr. Khastagir Government Girl's School in Chattogram (iv) She finally graduated in Philosophy with distinction from Bathune College in Kolkata Answer: (17) (iv) She finally graduated in Philosophy with distinction from Bathune College in Kolkata (18) Which of the following words best describes Pritilata's role in the anti-British movement? (i) Polytheist (ii) Democratic (iii) Autocratic (iv) Activist Answer: (18) (iv) Activist Short Answer Question 2. Answer the following questions. (a) How did she work for her homeland? Answer: (a) Though she was a teacher she dedicated herself to the service of her motherland. She received combat training to fight against British rule. (b) What did Pritilata show the other women by other determined activities for homeland? Answer: (b) She showed other women by her determined activities that women can work like men and women too need to be ready to sacrifice their lives for the freedom. (c) In what institutions did Pritilata study? Answer: (c) Pritilata studied at Dr. Khastagit Government Girls' School, Chattogram Eden College, Dhaka and Bathune College - in Kolkata. (d) What was Pritilata's drawn? Answer: (d) Her dream was a society without ground discrimination and her motherland without British colonial rule. (e) How did Pritilata sacrifice her life? Answer: (e) She sacrificed her life by taking potassium. Extra Questions: (1) When was she associated with the anti-British movement? Answer: (1) She was associated with the anti-British movement since her college days. (2) "She committed suicide by taking potassium cyanide to avoid arrest"--why did she do it? Answer: (2) She committed suicide by taking potassium cyanide to avoid arrest because she being dressed as man failed to get out of the club. (3) Where did Pritilata start her career? Answer: (3) Pritilata started her career as the Head teacher of Nandankanon Aparna Charan School in Chattogram. (4) Did her dream come true? How? Answer: (4) Yes, her dream came true. Her country achieved freedom from British colonial rule. In most sectors, there is no gender discrimination in the society. (5) What did Pritilata cherish in her mind? Answer: (5) Pritilata cherished two things in her mind : a society without gender discrimination and her motherland without British colonial rule. (6) What does Pritilata's activity prove? Answer: (6) Pritilata's activity proves that women can work like men and it is also proved that women too need to be prepared to sacrifice their lives for the freedom from the British colonial rule. (7) Why do you think the sign "Dogs and Indian not allowed" is a notorious one? Answer: (7) I think the club was the center point of all kinds of crime. So the sign "Dogs and Indians not allowed" seems to be sarcastic and notorious.  (8) How did Pritilata disguise herself? Why did she do it? Answer: (8) Pritilata disguised herself as a man. She did it as she had to lead a team of 10-12 men to attack the club. (9) "Dogs and Indians not allowed"--who says this? Why does she/he say this? Explain in two/three sentences. Answer: (9) According to the passage the name of the speaker is not known. But it is evident that the British said this because they hated the Indians. They compared the Indians to dogs. (10) What was the purpose of Pritilata's receiving combat training? Answer: (10) The purpose of Pritilata's receiving combat training was to fight against the British colonial rule. Bangla Translation প্রীতিলতা ওয়াদ্দেদার ১৯১১ সালের ৫ মে চট্টগ্রামে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তিনি চট্টগ্রামের ডক্টর খাস্তগীর সরকারি বালিকা বিদ্যালয় এবং ঢাকার ইডেন কলেজের একজন মেধাবী ছাত্রী ছিলেন। অবশেষে তিনি কলকাতার বাথুন কলেজ থেকে দর্শনে স্নাতক ডিগ্রি অর্জন করেন। কলেজের দিনগুলিতে, প্রীতিলতা ব্রিটিশ বিরোধী আন্দোলনের একজন কর্মী ছিলেন। সারা জীবন তিনি দুটি জিনিসের স্বপ্ন দেখেছিলেন: লিঙ্গ বৈষম্যহীন সমাজ এবং ব্রিটিশ ঔপনিবেশিক শাসন থেকে মুক্ত তার মাতৃভূমি। তাই তিনি ব্রিটিশ শাসনের বিরুদ্ধে লড়াই করার সিদ্ধান্ত নেন। এর পরপরই। প্রীতিলতা চট্টগ্রামের নন্দনকানন অপর্ণা চরণ স্কুলের প্রধান শিক্ষিকা হন। ধীরে ধীরে তিনি সূর্য সেনের সশস্ত্র প্রতিরোধ আন্দোলনে নিজেকে জড়িয়ে ফেলেন। সূর্য সেন ছিলেন সেই সময়ে চট্টগ্রাম এলাকার একজন বিখ্যাত ব্রিটিশ বিরোধী আন্দোলন সংগঠক এবং বিপ্লবী কর্মী। ১৯৩২ সালে। সূর্য সেন পাহাড়তলীতে আক্রমণের পরিকল্পনা করেন ইউরোপীয় ক্লাব। ক্লাবটি বেশ ভালোভাবেই ছিল - এর প্রবেশপথে ভারতীয়দের প্রবেশাধিকার নিষিদ্ধ ছিল। সূর্য সেন প্রীতিলতাকে ১০-১২ জন সদস্যের একটি দলের নেতৃত্ব দেওয়ার দায়িত্ব দেন। অভিযান সফল হয়। প্রীতিলতা পুরুষের পোশাক পরেও আক্রমণ করতে ব্যর্থ হন। গ্রেপ্তার এড়াতে সায়ানাইড খেয়ে আত্মহত্যা করেন। তিনি পুরুষদের মতো কাজ করে প্রমাণ করেন। ব্রিটিশ ঔপনিবেশিক শাসন থেকে মুক্তির জন্য ত্যাগ স্বীকারের জন্য প্রস্তুত থাকার প্রয়োজন বলেও তিনি প্রমাণ করেন। তার স্বপ্ন লক্ষণীয়ভাবে বাস্তবায়িত হয়। ১৯৪৭ সালে ব্রিটিশ শাসনের অবসান ঘটে, যদিও তিনি জীবদ্দশায় তা দেখতে পাননি। Ad Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it                  Pritilata was born in Chittagong on 5 May 1911. She was a meritorious student at Dr Khastagir Government Girls’ School in Chittagong and Eden College, Dhaka. She finally graduated in philosophy with distinction from Bathune College in Kolkata. In her college days, Pritilata was an activist in the anti British movement. All through her life, she dreamt of two things: a society without gender discrimination, and her motherland without British colonial rule. So she received combat training to fight against the British rule. Soon after, Pritilata became the headteacher of Nandankanon Aparna Charan School in Chittagong. Gradually she involved herself in Surya Sen’s armed resistance movement. Surya Sen was a famous anti-British movement organizer and activist in Cittagong area that time. In 1932, Surya Sen planned an attack on the Pahartali European Club. The club was well-known for its notorious sign Dogs and Indians not allowed. Surya Sen assigned Pritilata to lead a team of 10-12 men to attack the Club. The raid was successful but Pritilata dressed as a man failed to get out of the Club. She committed suicide by taking potassium cyanide to avoid arrest. She proved that women can work like men. She also proved that women too needed to be prepared to sacrifice their lives for the freedom from the British colonial rule. Her dream came true. The British  rule came to an end though she couldn’t see it during her lifetime. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 Pritilata hails from —–. i) Chittagong ii) Rajshahi                  iii) Rajbari                   iv) Rangamati Pritilata committed suicide at the age of —-. i) 20 ii) 19                            iii) 21                           iv) 22 Pritilata had a dream of a society —. i) without complexion                                ii) with a apartheid iii) free from gender discrimination              iv) with gender She completed her graduation in —. i) Psychology         ii) Philosophy              iii) Physics                   iv) Bathune She was the — of Nandakanon Aparna Charan School in Chittogong. i) headteacher        ii)   student                   iii) combat trainer        iv)  music teacher The world saw Pritilata’s face first on—. i) May 5, 1911       ii) March 5, 1971         iii) Eden college           iv) 1932 She was —student. i) a bad                  ii) a bright                    iii) a dull                      iv) an industrious Extra Practices Pritilata’s desire—. i) came to light       ii) came false               iii) came right               iv)  came wrong She committed suicide by taking —. i) drugs                  ii) medicines                iii) poison                    iv) bomb She put on garment like a —. i) woman               ii) male                        iii) child                       iv) heroine Pritilata was a — student. i) dull                     ii) bright                       iii) weak                      iv) naughty Pritilata received her graduation degree form —. i) Dhaka ii)  Chittagong             iii) Kolkata                  iv)   Mumbai Surya Sen planned an attack on the Pahartali European Club. Here ‘attack’ is a/an—. i) noun                     ii) adjective                  iii) verb                        iv) adverb Why did Pritilata commit .suicide? i) To be arrested     ii) Being timid              iii) Not to be arrested   iv) To avoid the raid The British rule was over when Pritilata —. i) was arrested                                             ii) raided the Pahartali European Club iii) was alive                                                iv) was not alive Which of the following statement is true? i) There was a famous sign on the Pahartali European Club. ii) Surya Sen was assigned to raid the Pahartali European Club, iii) Pritilata was shot dead 1.         iv) Pritilata attacked the Pahartali European Club in disguise. 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What was the dream of Pritilata? b)         When was she born? c)         Where did she graduate? d)         What did she prove? e)         Why did she commit suicide? Extra Practices 1.         Who was Pritilata? 2.         Why did Pritilata receive combat training? 3.         Who was Surya Sen? 4.         What did Surya Sen plan? 5.         Who did Surya Sen assign? Answer 1.      a. i) Chittagong; b. iii) 21; c. iii) free from gender discrimination; d. ii) Philosophy; e. i) head teacher; f. i) May  5,  1911; g. ii) a bright; h. i) came to light; i. iii) poison; j. ii) male; k. ii) bright; 1. iii) Kolkata; m. i) noun; n. iv) To avoid the raid; o. iv) was not alive; p. iv) Pritilata attacked the Pahartali European Club in disguise. 2.      a. The dream of Pritilata was to see a society without gender discrimination and a motherland without British colonial rule, She was born on May  5,  1911. She graduated from Bethune College in Kolkata. She proved that woman can work like man. She committed suicide by taking potassium cyanide to avoid arrest. Read the passage. Then answer the questions below. Educated in Dr. Khastagir Govt. Girls’ school, Chittagong and Eden College in Dhaka Pritilata was born in Chittagong on may 5th, 1911.  She finally did her graduation in philosophy from Bethune College Calcutta with distinction. All through her life she had been a revolutionary and acted against British domination. She fought for two things together; freedom from British and freedom from gender. She was so much zealous that she took arms training to materialize her dream. She became the Head mistress of Nandan Kanon Arpana Charan High School in Chittagong. While serving as the Headmistress she got herself involved in Surya Sen’s armed resistance movement. Surya Sen was then a famous organizer of armed resistance movement against the British invaders. In 1932 Surya Sen planned an attack on the Paharatali European Club. European club for an ignominious sign “Dogs and Indians not allowed”. Surya Sen assigned her to attack the club along with 10-12 followers. The raid succeeded but Pritilata dressed as male failed to come out of the club. She swallowed potassium cyanide to avoid arrest. Her courageous suicide proved that women could equally sacrifice themselves like men for the cause of liberty. Her dream came true after her death. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7         (a)    Which of the following words has the closest meaning to the word ‘discrimination’? (i)     dissimilarity     (ii) difference              (iii) resemblance          (iv) hostility         (b)   Which of the following words describes Pritilata best? (i)     calm                 (ii) spiritless                 (iii) revolutionary         (iv) timid         (c)    What does the expression ‘British domination’ mean? (i)     The ruling attitude of the British. (ii)   The good policy of England. (iii) The commercial policy of the British. (iv)   The foreign assistance of the British.         (d)   Which of the following statements is true? (i)     Pritilata was born in Dhaka.                 (ii)   Pritilata was born in Kolkata. (iii) Pritilata was born in Chittagong.          (iv)   Pritilata was born in 1910.         (e)    Which of the following statements is False? (i)     Pritilata was graduated in philosophy. (ii)   Pritilata did well in her graduation completion exam. (iii) Pritilata wanted freedom from the British rule. (iv)   Pritilata died naturally.         (f)    What does the word ‘suicide’ mean? (i)     The act of hurting one self.                  (ii)   The act of killing one self. (iii) The act of going one self medicine service. (iv)   The act of making one self injured         (g)    What is the main purpose of the author of the passage? (i)     To critics Pritilata’s role in the British rule of India. (ii)   To tell  us about Pritilata. (iii) To discuss only Pritilata’s educational qualifications. (iv)   To tell us about Pritilata’s teaching profession. 2.         Answer to the following questions. 2×5=10 (a)    From your reading of the passage write what Pritilata was graduated in. (b)    Why did Pritilata take arms training? Explain. (c)    Where was Pritilata the headmistress? (d)    Describe the names of the educational institutions where Pritilata studied. (e)    Do you think Pritilata was patriotic? If yes, why? 1.      (a) (ii) difference, (b) (iii) revolutionary, (c) (i) The ruling attitude of the British, (d) (iii) Pritilata was born in Chittagong, (e) (iv) Pritialta died naturally, (f) (ii) The act of killing one self, (g) (ii) To tell us about Pritalata. 2.      (a) Pritilata was graduated in Philosophy. (b)    Pritilata took arms training to materialize her dream. Her dream was to get freedom from the British. So, to make her motherland free she took arms training in order to fight against the British. (c)    Pritilata was the headmistress at Nandan Kanon Arpana Charan High School in Chittagong. (d)    Pritilata studied at Dr Kshastagir Govt. Girls’ School in Chittagong, Eden College in Dhaka, Bethune College in Calcutta. (e)    Yes, Pritilata was very patriotic. She was patriotic Because she wanted to make her Mother land free and for that she took part in revolutionary movement against the British.

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.  I was a custom-house officer in 1827. At that time there was much smuggling in this country. There were government officials to check this unlawful trade, but many of them were bribed to hear and see nothing. It is, therefore, not surprising that many captures slipped through our fingers. I was then a young man. For some years of good work, I had been raised to the rank of a riding officer with a good salary that enabled me to marry. My station was on the South Coast near the town of Dover. In those days, most of the sailors along the coast took part in smuggling. On several occasions when I did my duty properly, I received warnings from the well-known townsmen that I was too active to carry out my duties. But I did not want to be a silent, toothless watchdoglike old Captain Peabody who had for forty years looked with blind eyes after the rights of the country. My chiefs had always praised me as I was very honest and dutiful. They were already talking of raising my rank further. Once in a stormy autumn night, I successfully led my team to a secret place where the smuggled goods were stored. The hiding place was a cave forty feet below the surface of a chalk- hill in the south of England. After this capture my Chief came to Dover to report on it. He praised me and promised to reward me. Filled with joy, I began to care even less for the threatening letters of the smugglers. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 The word ‘smuggling’ is related to —. i) normal market    ii)  black market           iii) white market          iv  share market The customs officer could marry because of his —. i) good job                                                 ii)  good wages iii) modesty                                                 iv) good salary and high rank. The officer was —. i) reluctant to his work ii)  dutiful iii) insincere                                                 iv)  lazy The government officials were—. i) engaged in smuggling                             ii) active in removing smuggling iii) bound to check smuggling                      iv)  aware of smuggling. Dover is in —. i) the USA              ii)  the UK                   iii) the Middle East      iv)  the East f. We have been introduced with the season— in the story. i) dew ii)  summer                  iii) late autumn            iv)  winter The word’ warning’ is a—. i) verb ii)  noun                       iii) adjective                 iv)  adverb   Extra Practices The officer said in his speech “the captures slipped through our fingers” means. i) They were unable to arrest them.            ii) They would not escape from the officials iii) They were powerful                               iv) The bribed officials would help them to escape. The night was —. i) dark                    ii)  stormy                    iii) lightly                     iv)  snowing j. Captain Peabody had served for—. i) one decade         ii)  two decades            iii) three decades          iv)  four decades Once in a stormy — night. (i)   summer              (ii)    autumn                (iii)   winter                  (iv)   raing season He was a custom house officer in —. (i)   1827                  (ii)    1817                    (iii)   1837                    (iv)   1828 For — years of good work. (i)   one                    (ii)    three                    (iii)   some                    (iv)   lot of He was to active to carry out his —. (i)   office                 (ii)    study                    (iii)   job                       (iv)   duties He was very — and dutiful. (i)   honest                (ii)    dishonest             (iii)   lazy                      (iv)   hard worker My chiefs had always praised me as I was very ― and dutiful. (i)   honest                (ii)    dutiful                  (iii)   praised                 (iv)   chief They were already talking of raising my rank―. (i)   raising                (ii)    talking                  (iii)   further                 (iv)   already 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         How could the customs officer achieve the high rank? b)         Which one is an unlawful trade? c)         What was the surprising matter to him? d)         Why did the people of Dover warn him? e)         Who was Captain Peabody?   Extra Practices 1.         Where was his workplace? 2.         When did he get the post of a riding officer? 3.         When did he get married? 4.         Who were engaged in smuggling? 5.         Who gave him the threatening letters? 6.         When he was a custom house officer? 7.         Why did the chief the customs officer? 8.         Where did the smugglers keep their smuggled goods? 9.         Where are the chalk-hill? 10.       Who were there to check the unlawful trade? 11.       What is not surprising? 12.       What had he been raised to? 13.       When did he successfully lead his team? 14.       How was the hiding place? 57.       Model Question   Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.              One dark December afternoon, a letter, but of a different nature, arrived. It was stamped with ‘On His Majesty’s Service’. The letter was written by one of my chiefs. It informed me that, according to secret news they had received, a great cargo was going to be landed that very night on the coast between Dover and Folkstone. I was told to go to a particular place of the cliff exactly at eleven o’clock that very night. There the chief and his men would wait for me. He wanted to use my knowledge and experience to catch the smugglers. Also he ordered me to come alone and not to speak of his letter or the meeting place to any person in Dover. All that evening while I was preparing for my night ride, Lucy was looking at me sadly. I was oiling and loading my guns, getting ready my sword and belt, my heavy coat and high boots. And all the time she was looking at me with her blue tearful eyes. “Are you quite sure,” she asked, “that the letter is in the Chief’s handwriting?” I laughed at her, but she wanted an answer. I had to admit that I did not know his official handwriting. However, I assured her that he had been newly appointed and he must have good intention to protect our national interest from the smugglers. Still Lucy was doubtful. I tried to cheer her up by talking to the bright future awaiting us after tonight’s expedition. I told Lucy that after the capture I am sure I would be rewarded with a rise and a position in the London main Custom House. I talked of a nice cottage at Islington, with a garden, and of the best school for our son Alex. Lucy tried to smile but all in vain. After supper when I began to set out, Lucy trembled in fear and said, “Alfred, dear, are you quite, quite sure that the letter really came from your Chief?” I laughed, told her not to be afraid, and hurried out of the room and walked down the street. Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 The letter was —- with ‘On His Majesty’s Service. i)  written                 ii) embossed                iii) implemented          iv) placed The officer went — to them. i) quickly                 ii) slowly                     iii) gladly                     iv) sadly His hands were — fastened. i) prudently           ii)   recklessly              iii)   insecurely             iv) He had to go there—. i) after 12 am         ii)   just at 11 pm          iii) the night before      iv) just at 10pm. The officer—his wife. i) jeered at               ii)   looked at                iii) smiled at                 iv)  short at Lucy stared at him when he was — the guns. i) preparing            ii) marking                   iii) using                      iii) re-pairing After the capture he would get a —- he thought. i) promotion           ii) demotion                 iii) prize                       iv) notification   Extra Practices Alex would go to —. i) a new school                                           ii) the best school of the city iii) the ancient school in the city                   iv) a famous school in the city Alfred didn’t know at the handwriting of the —. i) smugglers           ii) his wife                    iii) his Chief                iv)  his son His Chief was—. i) an old officer of his office                       ii) a new officer of his office iii) the eldest officer of his office                 iv) the newest officer of his office 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What was inscribed on the letter? b)         Why do you think the officer was obedient to his Chief? c)         Where was the meeting place located? d)         Which questions answer was Lucy waiting for? e)         Do you think Lucy didn’t smile? Why? Extra Practices 1.         What might happen in Alfred’s future? 2.         Why was Lucy looking at Harvey with tearful eyes? 3.         When did he start for the meeting place? 4.         What did Alfred say to Lucy about his new house? 5.         How did he go there?   Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.               I took my lonely way up the high cliffs. It was all dark and miserable. I was trying to keep up my cheerful spirits. But Lucy’s last question, “Are you quite, quite sure that the letter really came from your Chief?” kept coming back again and again to my mind. I knew the meeting place. It was a large cliff standing above the angry sea. I walked slowly up and down along the cliff edge. It was all dark and quiet except for the mysterious sound of the waves. A trembling ran through me. Soon I heard the low voice of some men, coming from the hillside. I thought they were the Chief and his party. So I hastened up to them and said, “Good evening, gentlemen!” But there was no answer. After a sharp and clear whistle, I was seized by a dozen strong hands at once. So sudden was the attack that before I could strike a blow or pull out my sword, I was pinned to the ground and disarmed. The smugglers! “We’ve got the fellow at last!” cried several voices at once. Then followed a stream of curses, “Murder him!” “Cut him into pieces and through him to the fishes!” And so on. “Stop!” cried out the voice of one who no doubt was their leader. “First make sure he’s the man we want.” My hands were now safely bound, and all resistance was impossible. A red light flashed full on my face. “He’s the fellow we want!” They all cried. By the light of the lamp, I could see that all those strong built men were in sailor’s clothes. They were all armed, their faces being covered. Then I was mercilessly beaten and knocked down. Someone put a gun at my head. “Stop!” cried the leader. “Shooting is too easy a death for a man like him. Hang him over the cliff.”  There were roars of laughter, mixed with “Yes! Yes!” Then the leader said, “All right, but before we do that, let’s here if he has anything to say in his defence.” With despair in my heart I said, “I have done nothing but my duty to the King without fear.” All was in vain, as the smugglers were too angry to listen to me. Then came the ultimate verdict from the leader, “Alfred Harvey, you are a very tough customs officer. Your punishment cannot be anything less than death.” Then he turned to his men. “So tie him to the neck and heels, and throw him to the fishes.” I made a great effort to break the ropes on my wrists, but they were too strong to break. The men led me to the edge of the tall cliff, beneath which roared the sea. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 Many of the customs officers were given — to hear and see nothing. i) money                ii)  prize                       iii) book                       iv)  advice Most of the — would take part in smuggling. i) porters                ii)  drivers                    iii) sailors                     iv)  doctors His station was on the — coast near the town of Dover. i) south                  ii)  east                         iii) west                        iv)  north The hiding place was a cave — the surface of a chalk hill. i) 40 feet below ii)  30 feet below          iii) 20 feet below          iv) 45 feet below His chiefs praised him as he was —. i) honest                                                     ii)  very honest and dutiful                        iii) dutiful                                                    iv)  truthful The hiding place was a cave — the surface of a chalk hill. i) 40 feet below ii)  30 feet below          iii) 20 feet below          iv) 45 feet below His chiefs praised him as he was —. i) honest                                                     ii)  very honest and dutiful                      iii) dutiful                                                   iv)  truthful 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         Why were the officials bribed? b)         Did most sailors take part in smuggling in those days? c)         Where was his station? d)         Shat did he do once in a stormy night? e)         Why did his chiefs praise him?   Extra Practices 1.         When did he become the riding officer? 2.         What enabled him to marry? 3.         When did he receive warnings? 4.         What was the hiding place? 5.         What were his chiefs talking?   Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.           I was swinging half over the cliff and the men were preparing to throw me below to my inevitable death. “One! … “Two!” … “Poor Lucy! God guard my wife and child!” broke from my lips half unknowingly as I was going to die. Those last words of mine had produced an effect which no fine speech or begging for mercy could have produced. I was sure some of them had wives and children of their own that they loved. My prayer had touched something in their wild hearts that made them pause. “Three!” But nothing happened. “I’ll have nothing to do with this,” said one man. “His pretty blue-eyed wife is kind to the poor, my old mother once said,” whispered another smuggler. “Are you all chicken-hearted, men,” shouted the leader angrily. Yet nothing happened. Quiet for some time they were whispering something to their leader. “Alfred Harvey,” said the leader, “we are going to give you a chance. Instead of throwing you to the fishes, we shall hang you over the edge of the cliff, and leave you there.” The smugglers then lifted me over the edge and lowered me until my chin just rested on the grass. I was asked to take a hold of the earth with my hands still tied together. They left me there to die. While I was hanging thus over my wide-open grave, my thoughts flew off to Lucy and little Alex, to the pain and suffering that were waiting for them. I could no longer hold on. My strength was gone. I let go my hold. But no! I did not fall into mid-air, did not crash on the rocks. And I did not die! My feet sank only a few inches, and then touched the ground! It was no dream! I fainted and fell to the earth. When I came to life again, it was morning. I was lying on the wet ground. Two men were beside me. The covering had been removed from my eyes, and my wrists were free. I looked up, wondering whether I was in this world or the next. “I’m very glad, sir, you’ve opened your eyes at last,” said one of the men. I looked wildly about. I was not on the shore. No cliff rose up beside me. I was lying just in a hole in the chalk hills. The hole was shallow, less than nine feet in depth. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 The word’Guard1 has been used in this story to mean. i.save                    ii.   control                   iii. protest                    iv.  protect In this story the officer said to himself “my thought flew off to Lucy and and Alex. What do you mean by the underlined word? small in size ii.   short                      iii. baby                       iv. miniature Who will be sufferer after the death of Alfred Harvey? countrymen ii.  townsmen               iii. family members      iv.  customs men The officer lost his—. sense ii.  money                    iii. memory                  iv.   wrist watch The officer prayed to God for his wife and son —. i.quite unconsciously ii.  Consciously iii. subconsciously   iv. super consciously The leader paid attention — the his men. for                       ii.   to                           iii. on                           iv.    upon Lucy’s eyes were—. i.black                   ii. blue                          iii. whitich                   iv.   blacklist                                       Extra Practices Death for man is—.  inescapable          ii.  escapable                iii. impossible              iv.  acceptable The officer prayed to God to—. protect his son only ii.   protect his whole family iii. give him much wealth                             iv. save him from death Which of the states were waiting for Alfred’s family? i.                    suffering and sorrow ii.  peace and happiness                     iii. weal and woe                                          iv. wealth and riches2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a) What was the officer sure about? b) What is his opinion about the smugglers wives and children? c) Who praised Lucy? d) Why did the smugglers lift the officer over the edge? e) When did the officer get back his sense? Extra Practices f) Where was he lying? g) Describe the officer’s condition in the last scene in the story. h) Who was Alex? i) Who made untie the officer? j) Why did the officer think that he would not die? Answer: Model Question 1.      a. ii) black market; b. iii) good salary and high rank; c. ii) dutiful; d. iii) bound to check smuggling; e .i) the UK; f. i) dew; g. ii) noun; h. iv) the bribed officials would help them to escape i, ii) stormy; j. iv) four decades, 2.a. By giving good services in his duty for some years, he could achieve the high rank. Smuggling is an unlawful trade. Slipping of many captures through their fingers was the surprising matter. People of Dover warned him for his much activeness in discharging his duty. Captain Peabody was an officer who had worked for forty years but played silent role after the rights of country. Model Question 1.      a. ii) embossed; b. i) quickly; c. ii) prudently; d. ii) just at 11 pm; e. i) jeered at; f. i) prepared; g. i) promotion; h. ii) the best school in the city. i. iii) his chief; j. ii) new officer, 2.      a. “On His Majesty’s Service’—this phrase was inscribed on the letter. The officer was ready to abide by the Chiefs order which was given to him by a letter without any delay. So I think that the officer was obedient to Chief. The meeting place was on the large cliff. Lucy asked her husband if he was sure of the handwriting of the letter and she was waiting for his answer of her questions. Yes, I think Lucy didn’t smile because she was afraid of her husband’s going to the meeting place alone. Model Question 1.      a. (i) money; b. (iii) sailors; c. (i) south; d. (i) 40 feet below; e. (ii) very honest and dutiful. 2.      a. The officials were bribe to hear and see nothing illegal. Yes, in those days most sailors took part in smuggling. His station was on the south coast near the town of Dover. Once in a stormy night, he successfully led his team to a secret place where the smuggled goods were stored. His chiefs praised him for his being honesty and dutifulness.   Model Question 1.      (a) iv. protect; (b) iii. baby; (c) iii. family members; (d) i. sense; (e) iii, subconsciously f. i. to (g) ii. blue; (h) i, inescapable (i) ii. protect his whole family; (j) i. suffering and sorrow. 2.      (a) The officer was sure that some of them certainly had wives and children. (b)  They obviously loved their wives and children. (c)  One of the smugglers praised the officer’s wife, Lucy. (d)  To hang him from the edge they lifted him over there. (e)  In this morning the officer got back his sense. Bangla Translation ১৮২৭ সালে আমি একজন কাস্টম-হাউস অফিসার ছিলাম। সেই সময় এই দেশে প্রচুর চোরাচালান চলছিল। এই বেআইনি ব্যবসা ঠেকানোর জন্য সরকারি কর্মকর্তা ছিলেন, কিন্তু তাদের অনেকেই ঘুষ দিয়ে কিছু শুনতে এবং দেখতে না পারায় ঘুষ দেওয়া হত। তাই, অনেক ধরা আমাদের হাত থেকে পড়ে যাওয়া অবাক করার মতো কিছু নয়। আমি তখন যুবক ছিলাম। কিছু বছরের ভালো কাজের জন্য, আমাকে একজন অশ্বারোহী অফিসারের পদে উন্নীত করা হয়েছিল যার বেতন ভালো ছিল এবং আমি বিয়ে করতে সক্ষম হয়েছিলাম। আমার স্টেশন ছিল ডোভার শহরের কাছে দক্ষিণ উপকূলে। সেই সময়ে, উপকূলের বেশিরভাগ নাবিক চোরাচালানে অংশ নিয়েছিল। বেশ কয়েকবার যখন আমি আমার দায়িত্ব সঠিকভাবে পালন করতাম, তখন আমি সুপরিচিত শহরবাসীর কাছ থেকে সতর্ক করে দিয়েছিলাম যে আমি আমার দায়িত্ব পালনের জন্য খুব বেশি সক্রিয়। কিন্তু আমি একজন নীরব, দাঁতহীন প্রহরী হতে চাইনি, যেমন বৃদ্ধ ক্যাপ্টেন পিবডি, যিনি চল্লিশ বছর ধরে দেশের অধিকারের দিকে অন্ধ দৃষ্টিতে তাকিয়ে ছিলেন। আমার প্রধানরা সবসময় আমার প্রশংসা করেছেন কারণ আমি খুব সৎ এবং কর্তব্যপরায়ণ। তারা ইতিমধ্যেই আমার পদমর্যাদা আরও বাড়ানোর কথা বলছিলেন। একবার এক ঝড়ো শরতের রাতে, আমি সফলভাবে আমার দলকে একটি গোপন স্থানে নিয়ে যাই যেখানে চোরাচালান করা জিনিসপত্র সংরক্ষণ করা হত। লুকানোর জায়গাটি ছিল ইংল্যান্ডের দক্ষিণে একটি চক-পাহাড়ের পৃষ্ঠ থেকে চল্লিশ ফুট নীচে একটি গুহা। এই ধরা পড়ার পর আমার প্রধান ডোভারে এসে রিপোর্ট করেন। তিনি আমার প্রশংসা করেন এবং আমাকে পুরস্কৃত করার প্রতিশ্রুতি দেন। আনন্দে ভরে, আমি চোরাকারবারীদের হুমকিমূলক চিঠিগুলির প্রতি আরও কম গুরুত্ব দিতে শুরু করি। Ad Ad

Passage -1 Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                 Once upon a time in Venice, there was a very rich merchant named Antonio. He had many ships, that sailed in the sea. His ships carried different types of merchandise to other countries. He sold those goods in foreign countries. He bought spices and other valuables with the money and sold them in Venice. Antonio was a good and kind man. He always helped the poor. The people of Venice loved him very much for his honesty and kindness. Antonio had a close friend named Bassanio. He was a handsome young man and was born in a noble family. Bassanio like to live a very luxurious life. He loved grandeur and style. He spent more money than his earning. As a result, he was very often short of money. In such situations, Bassanio would go to his best friend Antonio for help. Antonio would, on the other hand, help him with cash. It so happened that, Bassanio fell in love with a wealthy lady named Portia. Portia was known not only for her beauty but also for her wisdom. Portia, on the other hand, had softness towards Bassanio too. He wanted to visit Portia in a grand manner but he did not have any money. So he went to Antonio. Bassanio said, “ Dear friend Antonio, I am in great need of some money. I would like to visit Portia at Belmont, grandly dressed and with many servants. But I don’t have any money right now. Please help me to fulfill my intention.” Antonio said, “ This is not a problem my friend, how much do you need?” “ Three thousand ducats (Venetian currency) will do.” “I don’t have that much money with me now as all my ships have gone out in the sea with merchandise. But don’t worry my friend, I’ll arrange three thousand ducats for you.” So he decided to borrow the sum from a moneylender named Shylock. Shylock was a very crooked man. Antonio and Shylock hated each other.  Shylock sued to lend money with high interest. He would even send the debtor to prison if he failed to pay his debt.   On the contrary, Antonio used to lend money to help those who need it and would not charge any interest. Shylock agreed to lend him money but on one condition. If he failed to repay the money in three month’s time then he has to pay a penalty. Shylock would cut a pound of flesh from any part of Antonio’s body. Antonio willingly agreed thinking that his ships would soon return with all the rich merchandise and he can easily return the money to Shylock by selling them. Shylock made Antonio sign a bond before giving him the money. Antonio took the money and gave it to Bassanio. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7  (a)   — was a good and kind man. (i)     Bassanio          (ii)    Portia                   (iii)   Antonio               (iv)   Shylock (b)    Antonio was — man. (i)     rich                  (ii)    handsome (iii)   young              (iv)   ii + iii (c)    Shylock was a very — man. (i)     rich                  (ii)    poor                     (iii)   crooked               (iv)   miser (d)    Shylock would cut a — of flesh from Antonio’s body. (i)     kilogram          (ii)    bar                       (iii)   piece                    (iv)   pound (e)    Shylock made Antonio sign a — before giving him the money. (i)     bond                (ii)    paper                   (iii)   oath                     (iv)   stamp (f)     He wanted to visit Portia in a ― manner but he did not have any money. (i)     grand               (ii)    manner                (iii)   visit                      (iv)   money (g)    So he decided to borrow the ― from a moneylender named Shylock. (i)     borrow             (ii)    named                  (iii)   sum                      (iv)   from Extra Practices  (h)   Shylock was a very crooked man. ― and Shylock hated each other. (i)     each                 (ii)    Shylock               (iii)   crooked               (iv)   Antonio (i)     Shylock sued to lend money with high ―. (i)     high                 (ii)    interest                 (iii)   money                 (iv)   lend (j)     He would even send the debtor to prison if he ― to pay his debt.  (i)     failed               (ii)    debtor                  (iii)   even                     (iv)   pay (k)    Shylock agreed to lend him money but on one ―. (i)     money             (ii)    agreed                  (iii)   but                       (iv)   condition (l)     Shylock would cut a pound of flesh from any ― of Antonio’s body. (i)     body                (ii)    part                      (iii)   pound                  (iv)   cut 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 (a)   Why was Bassanio short of money all the time? (b)    Why did Bassanio go to Antonio? (c)    Why did Antonio go to Shylock? (d)    Why did Shylock bring forward the bond? (e)    What could be written on the bond? Passage -2 Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.        Bassanio went to Belmont to visit Portia grandly dressed, with many servants. Portia’s father had died lately. Before his death he had thought of an unusual plan to find a good husband for his daughter. He wanted a man to marry Portia for herself and not for her wealth. He had three caskets made, one of gold, one of silver and one of lead. One of the caskets had Portia’s portrait in it. The suitor, who would first choose the casket with the portrait would marry her. Many suitors went away when they heard about such a strange condition. The first one to try was the prince of Morocco. He thought that silver and lead are poor metals. It is the casket made of precious metal that can hold the precious picture. So he chose the gold casket. But all he found was a picture of a skull with a message that said,  “All that glitters is not gold.” The prince was very sad and went back home. Then came the prince of Spain. He looked at the silver casket for a long time.  On it was written, “He who chooses me will get what he deserves.” The prince had a very high opinion about himself. He thought that he deserved the best. He therefore chose the silver casket and opened it. Inside the casket he found the picture of a blinking fool. He was very disappointed and offended. He immediately rode away. Then it was Bassanio’s turn. He looked at the caskets for a long time. He thought, “ Appearances are often misleading. Bad men appear good and they hide their inner ugliness under fine clothes.” So he chose the plain looking lead casket. On opening the casket, he found the portrait of Portia inside. Bassanio and Portia got married. There was great joy at Belmont and the newly married couple were spending their time happily. But soon their happiness turned into sorrow by a piece of  news. A messenger came with a letter from Antonio. The letter said, “ Dear friend Bassanio, all my ships have been lost at sea. I cannot pay the money I owe to Shylock. So I have to pay the penalty. Dear friend, come and see me if possible. I would like to see you once before I die.” Bassanio quickly  left  for Venice. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7  (a)   Bassanio went to — to visit Portia. (i)     Greece             (ii)    Italy                     (iii)   Belmont               (iv)   Athens (b)    Portia’s father had died —. (i)     early                (ii)    before                  (iii)   ago                       (iv)   lately (c)    Portia’s father had — caskets. (i)     only one           (ii)    some                    (iii)   many                   (iv)   three (d)    The first trial was for the prince of —. (i)     Spain               (ii)    Morocco              (iii)   Bassanio              (iv)   none of them (e)    Bassanio choose the plain looking — casket. (i)     platinam           (ii)    gold                     (iii)   silver                    (iv)   lead (f)     The first one to try was the prince of ―. (i)     Morocco          (ii)    prince                  (iii)   try                        (iv)   was (g)    He thought that silver and lead are ― metals. (i)     silver                (ii)    lead                      (iii)   poor                     (iv)   metals Extra Practices  (h)   But all he found was a picture of a ― with a message that said, (i)     picture             (ii)    message               (iii)   found                   (iv)   skull (i)     The prince was very sad and ― back home. (i)     back                 (ii)    went                     (iii)   prince                  (iv)   sad (j)     He looked at the silver ― for a long time. (i)     casket              (ii)    long                     (iii)   silver                    (iv)   looked (k)    The prince had a very high ― about himself. (i)     high                 (ii)    himself                (iii)   prince                  (iv)   opinion (l)     He thought that he ― the best. (i)     best                  (ii)    deserved              (iii)   thought                (iv)   wisdom 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 (a)   How was Portia’s father’s plan? (b)    Why did many suitors go away? (c)    Who has the first trial to find the portrait out? (d)    What was mentioned in second casket? (e)    Finally who was selected Portia’s husband? Extra Practices (f)     How did Bassanio go to Belmont? (g)    What did he think of his daughter? (h)    What did one of the caskets have? (i)     How were the newly married couple spending their time? (j)     What did he want? (k)    How many caskets did he have? (l)     Who went away? (m)   What happen to bad men? (n)    What happened to him?   Passage -3 Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                  Rosamond, a little girl about seven years old, was walking with her mother in the streets of London. As she passed along she looked in at the windows of several shops, and saw a great variety of different sorts of things. She wanted to stop to look at them and buy them all, without knowing their uses or even without knowing their names. At first they stopped at a milliner’s shop. The windows of the shop were decorated with ribbons, lace and festoons of artificial flowers. “Oh, Mamma, what beautiful roses! Won’t you buy some of them?” “No, my dear.” “Why?” “Because I don’t want them. They are not real flowers.” They went a little further and came to a jeweller’s shop. In it were a great many pretty, bright ornaments of little value, set beautifully behind the glass. “Mamma, will you buy some of these?” “Which of them, Rosamond?” “Which? I don’t know which. Look at those earrings, that necklace, those pendants! Any of them will do, they are so pretty!” “Yes, they are all pretty, but of what use would they be to me?” “I am sure, Mamma, you could find some use if you only bought them first.” “But I would rather find out the use first.” Though a little disheartened, Rosamond kept on looking at the shops and persuaded her mother to buy this or that. “Mamma, buckles are very useful things. Please buy some.” “I have a pair of buckles. I don’t need any now.” So saying her mother walked on. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 How many characters are there in the story? i) one                     ii)  two                         iii) three                       iv)  none Which one of the following is correct? i) Rosamond was alone while walking in the streets ii) She was acquainted with the names of the things she saw iii) She had no knowledge about the uses of the things iv) none of these. Rosamond talked of— shops in the story. i)two                      ii) three                        iii) four                        iv)  five The value of the ornaments was —-. i) low                     ii) high                         iii) out of reach            iv) free Who stressed on the use of the things first? i) Rosamond          ii) Rosamond’s mother iii) both of them           iv) none of them Rosamond was about — years old. (i)     five                  (ii)    fifteen                  (iii)   seven                   (iv)   seventeen Rosamond wanted to buy things without knowing their —. (i)     value                (ii)    uses                     (iii)   price                    (iv)   advantages Extra Practices At first they stopped at a — shop. (i)     jewellery          (ii)    gift                       (iii)   milliner’s              (iv)   variety The windows were decorated with — flowers. (i)     natural             (ii)    pink                     (iii)   artifical                (iv)   plastic — are very useful things. (i)     flowers            (ii)    jewellery              (iii)   ribbons                (iv)   buckles Mamma, will you buy ―of these? (i)     some                (ii)    something            (iii)   flower                  (iv)   bought Which? I don’t know ―. (i)     use                   (ii)    again                    (iii)   which                   (iv)   value Yes, they are all pretty, but of ― use would they be to me? (i)     which               (ii)    had                      (iii)   find                      (iv)   what I am sure, Mamma, you could― some use if you only bought them first. (i)     beautiful          (ii)    find                      (iii)   pain                     (iv)   bought But I would rather find out the― first. (i)     use                   (ii)    some                    (iii)   which                   (iv)   useful Mamma, buckles are very ― things. Please buy some. (i)     going                (ii)    pretty                   (iii)   flower                  (iv)   useful Who walking with her mother in the streets of London?          (i)     Rosamond       (ii)    Jenni                    (iii)   Rasna                   (iv)   Mini 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         Where was Rosamond walking? b)         How was the milliner’s shop decorated? c)         How was the condition of the ornaments? d)         Why did not Rosamond’s mother buy anything? e)         What qualities do you find in Rosamond’s character?   Extra Practices 1.         How was Rosamond? 2.         Where were they walking? 3.         Where did they stop first? 4.         How was the milliner’s shop decorated? 5.         What was seen in jeweller’s shop? 6.         What did she want to do? 7.         What did she see? 8.         What did Rosamond keep on looking? 9.         Where did they stop? 10.       How were the windows of the shop decorated? 11.       What did Rosamond say seeing the roses? 12.       What did her mother say? 13.       What did her mother say about the necklace?     Passage -4   Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.              This time Rosamond was really disappointed as her mother wanted nothing. However, while they were passing by a chemist’s shop, she saw some jars—blue, green, red, yellow and purple—and she seemed to have a fascination for a purple jar. But her mother answered as before, “Of what use would they be to me, Rosamond?” Oh, Mamma, I would use it for a flower pot.’ “But you have a flower pot and the jar you are dying for buying is not a flower pot.” “Yet, Mamma, I like it so much …!” Then suddenly she cried, “Ouch! A stone, mamma, a stone has got in my shoe. It hurts!” “Oh! How did it get there?” “See, there’s a hole in my shoe, Mamma. In fact, my shoes are quite worn out. Would you be so good as to buy me another pair?” “But, Rosamond, I haven’t got money enough to buy shoes, jars, jewellary, buckles and all that you wish to buy.” Rosamond became sad again. Her mind flashed back to all those beautiful things she had seen that morning. “But, Mamma, I like the purple jar very much. And now my foot hurts. Could you buy me only these two things — the jar and a pair of shoes, please?” “No, Rosamond, you can buy only one thing. However, you may buy the other thing next month. And you have to decide which one you would like to buy now.’ “I need the shoes badly,” Rosamond began to argue with herself, but my heart is in that beautiful jar.” Then looking at her shoes, she told her mother, “These shoes are not so bad, except for the hole in one. I think I can make them last till the end of the month, can’t I? Don’t you think so, Mamma?” “I want you to think for yourself, dear.” “Okay, if you please, I would like to have the purple jar.’ “Very well, you will have it.” 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 The phrase “dying for” used in the passage is used to mean —. i) death for the jar                                       ii)      hatred for the jar iii) distraction for the jar                              iv)     desire for the jar The purple jar was—. i) a flower pot        ii)      not a flower pot  iii) a chemical pot        iv)  a Jewellery pot At first, Rosamond’s mother was against buying—. i) nothing               ii) the flower pot          iii) anything                 iv) none of the above Rosamond preferred buying the purple jar — a pair of shoe. i) than                    i) from                         iii) to                            iv) over Who made the final decision to buy the purple jar? i) Rosamond          ii) Her mother              iii) both collectively     iv).     none of them Rosamond preferred buying the purple jar — a pair of shoe. i) than                    i) from                         iii) to                            iv) over Who made the final decision to buy the purple jar? i) Rosamond          ii) Her mother              iii) both collectively     iv).     none of them   1.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What types of jars did Rosamond saw in the chemist’s shop? b)         How were Rosamond’s shoes? c)         What did Rosamond mean when she said “my heart is in that beautiful jar”? d)         What did Rosamond buy finally? On what argument? e)         What was Rosamond’s mother’s financial condition?   Passage -5 Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                Rosamond and her mother were going back to the chemist’s shop. As they were walking, Rosamond had to stop once again to take another stone out of the broken shoe, and she often limped with pain. When they got back to the shop, Rosamond’s mother asked her to carefully examine the jar before she bought it. But Rosamond was so excited that she bought it even without looking at what was inside the jar. Happily she came back home with her mother. Then Rosamond quickly brought some flowers from the garden and was going to put them into the jar. But as soon as she took the top off, she saw something dark inside, which gave off  an unpleasant smell. “What is it, Mamma? I didn’t want this black thing and the terrible smell.” “Nor did I, my dear.” “But what shall I do with it?” “That I can’t tell.” “Okay, Mamma, I must pour it out and fill the jar with fresh water.” Then she made the jar empty. But to her great disappointment, she found that it was no longer a purple jar — it was a plain white glass jar. With its coloured water gone, the jar did no longer look beautiful. Rosamond cried with tears of disappointment in her eyes. She was to cry more for her folly. Every day her shoes grew worse and worse, and she could neither run, dance, jump, nor go shopping with her mother. Thus Rosamond suffered for a whole month and learned a lesson the hard way. She hoped that she would be wiser in future. adapted from The Purple Jar by Maria Edgeworth 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 Rosamond was — excited to look at the jar while buying. i) so                                                             ii) that                          iii) too  iv) very Rosamond finally decided to buy —-. i) the ornament        ii) buckle                     iii) the purple jar          iv) a pair of shoes An unpleasant smell came out of the jar. stink                      ii) scent                        iii) perfume                  iv)  liquid      .. With its coloured water gone, the jar did no longer look beautiful. Look at the underlined word. What parts of speech is it? i)    noun                  ii)   verb                       iii) adjective                 iv)  adverb Rosamond could neither run, dance, jump, nor go shopping.                 Look at the sentence above. What does it imply? i)   Rosamond was happy to run, dance, jump, and go shopping. ii) Rosamond could run, dance, jump but she could not go shopping. iii) Rosamond could not run, dance, jump, go shopping iv) none of them Rosamond had to stop once again to take another — out. (i)     piece of brick   (ii)    stone                    (iii)   metal                    (iv)   sand Her mother told her to carefully — the jar. (i)     test                   (ii)    saw                      (iii)   examine               (iv)   choose Extra Practices Rosamond quickly — some flower from the garden. (i)     plucked            (ii)    took                     (iii)   brought                (iv)   bought As soon as she took the top off, she saw something — inside. (i)     liquid               (ii)    as water               (iii)   dark                     (iv)   like juice She hoped that she would be — in future. (i)     meritorious      (ii)    wiser                    (iii)   bright                   (iv)   brilliant Thus Rosamond ― for a whole month and learned a lesson the hard way. (i)     suffered           (ii)    gone                     (iii)   quickly                (iv)   careful “Okay, Mamma, I must― it out and fill the jar with fresh water.” (i)     must                 (ii)    fresh                    (iii)   pour                     (iv)   fill Then she made the jar ―. (i)     eyes                 (ii)    jar                        (iii)   made                    (iv)   empty With its coloured water ―, the jar did no longer look beautiful. (i)     longer              (ii)    gone                     (iii)   want                     (iv)   water Rosamond cried with ― of disappointment in her eyes. (i)     tears                 (ii)    eyes                     (iii)   longer                  (iv)   Antonio She was to cry ― for her folly. (i)     countries          (ii)    suffer                   (iii)   rich                      (iv)   more 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What was the problem with Rosamond? b)         Why did Rosamond choose the purple jar instead of a pair of shoes? c)         How did the shoes trouble Rosamond? d)         What do you think the purple jar was? e)         What lesson did Rosamond learn?   Extra Practices 1.         Where did they go back? 2.         Why did Rosamond stop once again? 3.         Why did she limp often? 4.         How was inside the jar? 5.         What didn’t Rosamond want? 6.         Where were they going to? 7.         Why did Rosamond stop? 8.         What did Rosamond ask her mother? 9.         Why was Rosamond so excited? 10.       What happened to her shoes?     Passage -6 Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.               When Bassanio reached Venice, Antonio was already in the court of justice. They were waiting for the trial to begin. The Duke entered the courtroom, took his seat and the trial began. The Duke requested Shylock to be merciful and not to claim his pound of flesh. But Shylock would not listen to him. Bassanio offered him twice the amount of money that Shylock lent Antonio but Shylock did not accept it.  He said, “ I claim my pound of flesh. The law is on my side. Antonio must pay the penalty written in the bond.” The Duke was extremely sorry that he could do nothing g to help Antonio. The law was on Shylock’s side and the law must be abided. The Duke feared that though the wisest lawyer in Venice was coming to speak in defense of Antonio, even he would not be able to save the merchant. Soon a young clerk entered the courtroom with a letter from the wise lawyer. The lawyer was ill and would not be able to come to the court. He requested the Duke to let his young friend, Doctor Balthazar, defend Antonio. The Duke gave his permission, and Doctor Balthazar entered the courtroom. He looked very young, and the Duke doubted if the wisdom of the young lawyer could save Antonio. This young lawyer was no other than Portia in disguise and the young clerk was her friend, who was also in disguise. Portia begged  Shylock to be merciful and told him how God bestows mercy to those who are merciful themselves. “ Mercy” Portia said, “ brings a blessing to him who shows it and to him who receives it. All of us pray to God for mercy. But God will only have mercy on us if we have mercy on others.” Shylock paid no heed to Portia. All he wanted was his pound of flesh. Portia asked, “ Can’t Antonio pay the debt?” Bassanio cried, “ Yes, he can pay it, and even more. … Even I can pay ten times the sum  my friend borrowed from Shylock. “ Won’t you take the money, Shylock?” Portia asked. “ No, I demand the lawful penalty. Give me my pound of flesh.” “ Let me see the bond Shylock”, said Portia. Shylock handed the bond to her. She read it with great attention and then said, “ You are right Shylock. The law is on your side. You can claim the flesh. But I would request you one more time to accept the sum Bassanio is offering you, and let me tear up the bond.” But Shylock would not give up his claim. Portia then turned towards Antonio and said, “ Get ready Antonio for Shylock to cut his pound of flesh. The law gives it to him.” Shylock was filled with joy on hearing what Portia said.  He began to praise Portia in disguise, for her wisdom and righteousness. He cried out, “Oh noble judge! Oh excellent young man, you are a second Daniel, who has come to this earth.” Portia urged Shylock to cut the pound of flesh he demanded. Delighted, Shylock walked towards Antonio with a knife in hand. He told Antonio to uncover his chest. But as he was about to cut Antonio’s flesh, Portia stopped him. She cried out, “ Wait Shylock! Never forget – there is no mention of blood in the bond. Therefore, you cannot shed a single drop of blood while you cut your pound of flesh; or else you pay the penalty. And the penalty is, the state will take your property from you. You lose everything that you have now, Shylock.” Shylock understood it was not possible for him to cut a pound of flesh without shedding blood. He was defeated by the wise lawyer. He hung his head and without another word left the courtroom. Thus Antonio’s life was saved. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 Where was Antonio in Venice? i) In free area           ii) In trial room            iii) In police van          iv) In Shylock’s house What are they waiting for? i) Trial                      ii) Duke                       iii) Court                      iv) Antonio Shylock was asked to be mercuui merciful to —. Bassanio ii. Antonio                   iii. The Duke                iv. Balthazar Who did wish to help Antonio? Shylock ii. The Duke                 iii. God                        iv. People of Venice For whom was Portia in disguise? i Antonio                 ii. Clerk                        iii. The Duke                iv. Bassanio Whom did Shylock hand the bond to? Portia                 ii. Balthazar                 iii. The Duke                iv. Doctor What was not in the bond? Flesh                   ii. Blood                       iii. None                      iv. Pound of flesh Extra Practices Shylock was delighted because he —. i) could get the money ii) could get flesh iii) could win                                               iv) could kill Antonio Antonio’s life was saved by —. Balthazar ii. Portia                       iii. The Duke                iv. The Judge Who was/were in disguise? Portia and the clerk ii. Portia iii. The clerk                                                iv. The Duke 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         Who was Bassanio? b)         Where was Antonio? c)         Why was the Duke sorry? d)         Was Shylock a bad man? e)         Why did Portia take disguise? Extra Practices 1.         Who did Portia request to show mercy? 2.         Who does God love? 3.         How did Portia save Antonio’s life? 4.         Why did Shylock not take the pound of flesh? 5.         What was mentioned in the bond? Answer: Passage -1 1.      a. (iii); b. (iv); c. (iii); d. (iv); e. (i); f. (i); g. (iii) 2.      (a)  Bassanio lived a luxurious life and spent more than his earning and so he was short of money. (b)  Bassanio went to Antonio for help to get money. (c)  Antonio went to Shylock to borrow money for Bassanio. (d)  Shylock bring the bond forward to be signed by Antonio. (e)  It could be written on the bond that Shylock would cut a pond of flesh from Antonio’s body if he failed to repay the money in three months. Passage -2 1.      a. (iii); b. (iv); c. (iv); d. (ii); e. (iv); f. (i); g. (iii); 2.      (a)    Portia’s father had an unusual plan to find a good husband for Portia by three caskets made of gold, silver and lead. (b)    Many suitors went away hearing about such a strange plan of Portia’s father. (c)    The first trial was for the prince of Morocco to find out the portrait of Portia. (d)    It was mentioned in the second casket that “He who chooses me will get what he deserves.” (e)    Finally Bassanio was selected as Portia’s husband. Passage -3 1.      (a)ii. two; (b) iii. she had no knowledge about the uses of the things; (c) ii. three; (d) i, low ; (e) ii. Rosamond’s mother; f. (iii); g. (ii); 2.      a. Rosamond was walking along the roads in London. The milliner’s shop was decorated with ribbons, lace and festoons of artificial flowers. c.   The ornaments were pretty and bright, but they were of little value. Rosamond’s mother did not buy anything because either she did not them or she had them already. But the main reason might be shortage of money. Rosamond is a very little girl of seven. She is innocent and curious about things, She abides by her mother though her mother refuses to buy anything she tells of. Rosamond was a little girl of seven years old. Passage -4 1.      (a) iv. desire for the jar; (b) ii. not a flower pot; (c) iii. anything; (d) iii. to; (e) i. Rosamond. 2.      A. Rosamond saw blue, green, red, yellow and purple jars in the chemist’s shop. Rosamond’s shoes were quite worn out and mere was a hole in of her shoes. By saying these words, Rosamond meant that she wanted the purple jar whole-heartedly she liked the jar heart and soul. Rosamond finally decided to buy the purple jar on the argument that her shoes were not so bad except for the hole in one. Rosamond’s mother did not have much money. Her money could afford only one thing to be bought for Rosamond. Passage -5 1.      a. iii) too; b. iii) purple jar; c. i) stink; d. iii) adjective; e. iii) Rosamond could not run, dance, jump, go shopping. 2.a. Rosamond wanted to buy the thing which she saw. She chose the purple jar instead of a pair of shoes because the jar charmed him much. The shoes had a hole from which little stones could get to her feet and hurt her. The purple jar was a chemist product. The people who study chemistry work with chemical and jar to do research. Passage -6 1.      a. ii) In trial room; b. i) Trial; c. ii) Antonio; d. ii) the Duke; e. ii) Antonio; f. i) Portia; g. ii) blood; h. ii) could get flesh; i.ii) Portia; j. i) Portia and the clerk. 2.      a. Bassanio was Antonio’s friend. Antonio was in the court of justice. The Duke was sorry because he could do nothing to help Antonio. Yes, Shylock was a bad man. He wanted flesh of a human body which is of course bad. Portia took disguise to help Antonio. Bangla Translation ৯০তম বিজ্ঞান কংগ্রেসে এক বক্তৃতায় আন্তর্জাতিকভাবে খ্যাতিসম্পন্ন বিজ্ঞানী এবং ভারতের প্রাক্তন রাষ্ট্রপতি জনাব এপিজে আব্দুল কালাম মানবজাতির ভবিষ্যৎ জ্বালানি সংকটের একটি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ দিক উল্লেখ করেছেন। তিনি উল্লেখ করেছেন যে কাঠ এবং জৈব পদার্থের যুগ প্রায় শেষ হয়ে এসেছে। তেল এবং প্রাকৃতিক গ্যাসের যুগ শীঘ্রই আগামী কয়েক দশকের মধ্যে শেষ হয়ে যাবে। বিশ্বের কয়লা মজুদের ব্যাপক পোড়ানো বিশ্বব্যাপী পরিবেশগত বিপর্যয়ের দিকে নিয়ে যেতে পারে কারণ কয়লা পোড়ানো বায়ুমণ্ডলে সর্বাধিক পরিমাণে কার্বন নির্গত করে। ১৯৮৬ সালে ইউক্রেনের (প্রাক্তন সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়ন) চেরনোবিল দুর্ঘটনা প্রকাশ করেছে যে পারমাণবিক শক্তিও সম্ভাব্য বিপজ্জনক হতে পারে। তাই কালামের মতে, মানবজাতির একমাত্র সমাধান হল ভবিষ্যতে সৌরশক্তির ব্যাপক ব্যবহার কারণ এর অন্যান্য ধরণের নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তির তুলনায় কিছু সুবিধা রয়েছে। এখন কালাম কেন শক্তির বিষয়টিকে এত গুরুত্ব দিয়েছেন? ইতিহাস জুড়ে শক্তির উৎসগুলি সর্বদা পরিবর্তনের একটি প্রধান কারণ হয়ে দাঁড়িয়েছে। বিশ্বের পেট্রোলিয়াম ব্যবহার ১৯৩০ সালে বার্ষিক ৩ বিলিয়ন ব্যারেল থেকে বেড়ে আজ বার্ষিক ৫০ বিলিয়ন ব্যারেলে দাঁড়িয়েছে। আগামী একুশ শতকে বিশ্বের জনসংখ্যা প্রায় ৮ বিলিয়ন হবে বলে আশা করা হচ্ছে, যা আজকের তুলনায় ৩০ শতাংশ বেশি। উন্নয়নশীল দেশগুলি শিল্পোন্নত দেশগুলির তুলনায় তাদের অর্থনীতির প্রবৃদ্ধি প্রায় দ্বিগুণ দ্রুততর করবে। বৈশ্বিক অর্থনৈতিক প্রবৃদ্ধি প্রতি বছর ৩ শতাংশ হারে অব্যাহত থাকবে বলে আশা করা হচ্ছে। ফলস্বরূপ, বিশ্বব্যাপী জ্বালানির চাহিদা প্রতি বছর গড়ে প্রায় ১.৭ শতাংশ হারে বৃদ্ধি পাবে। এটি ২০৩০ সালের মধ্যে জ্বালানি খরচ ৫০ শতাংশ বৃদ্ধির ইঙ্গিত দেয়। যদি বিশ্বের দৈনিক পেট্রোলিয়াম ব্যবহার বর্তমানে ২২০ মিলিয়ন ব্যারেল হয়, তবে ততক্ষণে তা ৩৩৫ মিলিয়ন ব্যারেল পর্যন্ত বৃদ্ধি পাবে। হাইড্রো-কার্বন জ্বালানি সম্পদের বর্তমান মজুদ সীমিত এবং এটি বিশ্বের ভবিষ্যতের জ্বালানি চ্যালেঞ্জ মোকাবেলায় যথেষ্ট হবে না। এবং তাই, শীর্ষস্থানীয় শিল্পোন্নত দেশগুলি প্রধানত সবুজ বা পুনর্নবীকরণযোগ্য জ্বালানি উৎস হিসাবে পরিচিত বিকল্প জ্বালানি উৎসগুলি ব্যবহার করার উদ্যোগ নিয়েছে। কালামের বক্তৃতার মূল কথাটি একবিংশ শতাব্দীতে মানবজাতির উদ্বেগের ইঙ্গিত দেয়। Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                  Partha Pratim Majumder was born in 1954 in Pabna to a family of artistes. He spent most of his early years in his ancestral home, one of the biggest houses, situated in a small locality known as Kalachandpara. At that time Kalachandpara was well known for its cultural activities. There were festivals and various types of cultural shows round the year. Majumder’s father, a photographer by profession was an art lover. He taught and inspired his son to appreciate different forms of art. Majumder went to live with his aunt in Chandernagar, 30 kilometres away from Kolkata in 1966. It was there that he first came across a mime artiste named Jogesh Dutta. The way Dutta  narrated  stories without uttering a single word, left Majumder spellbound. He took lessons on mime from Dutta in Jogesh Dutta’s mime academy in Kolkata from 1966 to 1972. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         Majumder went to ----- live with his aunt. (i) Chandpur            (ii) Chanderhat            (iii) Chandernagar        (iv) Chunasughat b)         Majumder’s ----- was a photographer. (i) father                  (ii) brother                   (iii) uncle                     (iv) cousin c)         The birth place of Partha Pratim is -----. (i) Patna                   (ii) Pabna                     (iii) Paharpur               (iv) Parbatipur d)         He was highly inspired by his -----. (i) father                  (ii) mother                   (iii) sister                     (iv) brother e)         Chandernagar is ----- away from Kolkata. (i) forty kms.            (ii) thirty kms.              (iii) thiry miles.            (iv) fifty kms. f)          Majumder was born in -----. (i) 1954                    (ii) 1945                      (iii) 1950                     (iv) 1854 g)         His father was born in -----. (i) artist                    (ii) art lover                 (iii) honest man            (iv) educationist   Extra Practices h)         ----- was well-known for its cultural activities. (i) Kalyanpur           (ii) Kalachandpara       (iii) Khamarpara          (iv) Kamarkhali i)          He went to Chandernagar in -----. (i) 1996                    (ii) 1966                      (iii) 1954                                 (iv) 1960 j)          Majumder took lessons on ----- from Dutta. (i) mime                   (ii) sports                     (iii) photography          (iv) drawing   Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         Why did Majumder go to Chandernagar? b)         Who inspired him to appreciate different forms of art? c)         Where did he take lessons on mime from Dutta? d)         What was Majumder’s father? e)         What made Majumder spellbound?   Extra Practices 1.         When was Partha Pratim Majumder born? 2.         Where did he spend most of his early years? 3.         What was Kalachandpara well known for? 4.         Where was Chandernagar? 5.         Did Partha take lessons on mime? 1.      a. ii) the land owner; b. iv) the Archeological Survey of India; c. iv) 1991; d. ii) Pre-liberation; e. ii) southern Asia. f. (iii); g. (i); 2.      a. Paharpur is in Naogaon district of northern Bangladesh The Department of Archaeology of Bangladesh brought the site under further excavation after independence. Expeditions revealed the architectural site of a vast Buddhist monastery, the Somapura Mahavihara. Somapura Mahavihara was built during 781-821 AD. Cunningham found the ruins of a square tower to 22 feet side with projection in the middle of each side from the top of central hill. Paharpur is situated in a village named ‘Paharpur’ in Naogaon district of northern Bangladesh. Clay seals indicates that the site was built by the second Pala king. Ad Ad

Read the following passage and answer questions below: The Internet technology has helped developed number of web sites to facilitate relations among people around the world, known as social networking services networks or social media present, Facebook is the most popular son site. Google+, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc., frequently used social services. Social services are web-based and hence, provide the users to interact there Internet. These services make it possible to people sharing interests and activities ac borders and thus have made the users feel that real l y live in a global village. Why are social networks expanding so fast? answer is simple. Most of the social services are free. You can make use of them free, paying a little to your Internet service provider. Secondly, can make your personal profile public before the entire online community open). It is like presenting yourself before the entire world. You can also look into other people's profile it you are interested. It is simple and easy, Thirdly social networks allow users to upload pictures multimedia contents and modify the profile. Some services like Facebook allow users to update their profiles. Fourthly, networks allow users to post blog entries. User profiles have a section dedicated to comments from friends and other users. Finally, there are privacy protection measures too. A user himself or herself decides over the number of visitor’s viewers and what information should be shared with others.   01. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.   (a) Social networks are giving people the   feeling of living in a — village. (i) global                            (ii) virtual (iii) factual                       (iv) intellectual Answer: (a) (i) global (b) Social networks enable the users to decide their own sense   of — (i) selecting friends (ii) crossing borders (iii) storing photos (iv) sharing information Answer: (b) (i) selecting friends (c) What does the expression "They really live in a global village" mean in the passage? (i) All people in the world live in the village (ii) Village people have every facility of the world (iii) Internet and social media have brought the world closer (iv) None lives in cities Answer: (c) (iii) Internet and social media have brought the world closer (d) What is true for Internet technology? (i) helps social relations (ii) changes social relations (iii) destroys social relations (iv) complicates social relations Answer: (d) (i) helps social relations (e) What is the base of social networks? (i) internet                     (ii) web (iii) computer                (iv) mobile phone Answer: (e) (i) Internet (f) In the above passage, the writer has — view on social networks. (i) critical                      (ii) positive (iii) negative                 (iv) neutral Answer: (f)(iv)neutral (g) The social networks are spreading fast   due to — reasons. (i) four                           (ii) five (iii) six                           (iv) seven Answer: (g) (ii) five   Extra Questions :   (1) The social networking services, & expanding so fast because —. (i) these are cheap         (ii) these are costly (iii) these are popular    (iv) these are useful Answer: (1) (i) these are cheap   (2) One's personal profile presents oneself   —. (i) before one's family (ii) before one's native land (iii) before one's motherland (iv) before the world Answer: (2) (iv) before the world   (3) At present Facebook is the most —. (i) alarming                   (ii) popular (iii) costly                       (iv) expensive Answer: (3) (ii) popular   (4) The social services have made our world —. (i) small      (ii) big    (iii) wide     (iv) huge Answer: (4) (i) small   (5) One can make one's profile - on Facebook. (i) secret                            (ii) public (iii) announce                  (iv) open Answer: (5) (ii) public   (6) Which of the following has the close meaning of the word "viewer" in sentences? (i) spectator                      (ii) people (iii) pedestrian                  (iv) passer-by Answer: (6) (i) spectator   (7) 'Expand' is synonymous to   —. (1) close                            (ii) compress (iii) spread out                  (iv) shrink Answer: (7) (iii) spread out   (8) The word "Protection" means —. (i) adapt                             (ii) guard (iii) alter                             (iv) adjust Answer: (8) (ii) guard   (9) The word 'entire' means —. (i) partial                            (ii) section (iii) partly                           (iv) whole Answer: (9) (iv) whole   (10) The word 'Protection does not mean —. (i) defense                           (ii) guard (iii) safe guard                    (iv) seclusion Answer: (10) (iv) seclusion   (11) The social networking services are not —. (i) popular                       (ii) simple (iii) easy                          (iv) hard Answer: (11) (iv) hard   (12) Social networking services have —. (i) safety measures (ii) no protection measures (iii) automatic protection measures (iv) not secured at all Answer: (12) (i) safety measures   (13) The social networks are – fast. (i) shortening                     (ii) widening (iii) moving                       (iv) going Answer: (13)  (ii) widening   (14) The word 'content' stands for —. (i) conversation                  (ii) a rehearsal (iii) an agreement (iv) the things that are contained in something Answer: (14) (iv) the things that are contained something   (15) The word 'Interact' stands for —. (i) intermingle                   (ii) using Intern (iii) prelude                    (iv) acting from behind Answer: (15) (i) intermingle   (16) "Networks allow users to post blog entre what does the word 'post' mean in above statement? (i) send a letter or parcel (ii) place where a race finished (iii) put comment, report or any writing the profile of social networks (iv)send somebody to a place for a time as part of their job. Answer: (16) (iii) put comment, report or any writing on the profile of social networks   (17) The result of the internet technology idea (i) many websites (ii) social networking services (iii) social networks             (iv) all above Answer: (17) (iv) all above   (18) The phrase 'across borders' means (i) country and border       (ii) abroad (iii) across the globe (iv) across the country Answer: (18) (iii) across the globe   (19) The word 'facilitate' stands for —. (i) to cut down (ii) to give opportunity (iii) to embarrass           (iv) to finalize Answer: (19) (ii) to give opportunity   (20) The Internet technology has helped to - lot of websites. (i) destroy                     (ii) deploy (iii) develop                 (iv) remove Answer: (20) (iii) develop   (21) What is the closest meaning for 'upload' in the text? (i) To cut down                        (ii) to give opportunity (iii) to embarrass                      (iv) to finalize Answer: (21) (ii) to give opportunity   (22)   The word 'protection can be replaced by   —. (i) Defense                    (ii) fortification (iii) safe guard              (iv) ramification Answer: (22) (iii) safe guard   (23) Social networking sites are based on —. (i) Facebook                 (ii) blog post (iii) internet                  (iv) personal profile Answer: (23) (iii) Internet   (24) Which of the following statements is not true ? (i) 'Google+ is more popular than Facebook nowadays (ii) The world has become a global village (iii) Friends can comment on other friends posts (iv) Both (ii) & (iii) 1.9 Answer: (24) (i) Google+ is more popular than Facebook nowadays   (25) Which of the following has the closest of the word 'advantage' used in line 1? (i) convenience           (ii) inconvenience (iii) inappropriate       (iv) uncertain Answer: (25) (i) convenience   (26) In the passage the word "Emerge" means —. (i) disappear                (ii) come into (iii) come out              (iv) come by Answer: (26) (iii) come out   (27) The word 'village' means   —. (i) lodge                         (ii) city . (iii) metropolis            (iv) hamlet Answer: (27) (iv) hamlet   (28) Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word 'technology'? (i)              scientific knowledge (ii)            the technique of operating computer (iii)          technique of browsing internet (iv)       the technique of receiving and sending emails Answer: (28) (i) scientific knowledge   (29) Which of the following statements is false? (i) Google is more popular than Facebook low. (ii) The world has become a global village nowadays (iii) Friends can comment on other friends posts (iv) both ii and iii Answer: (29) (i) Google is more popular than Facebook   (30) Which of the following words/phrases has the closest meaning of the underlined word 'emerge' in line 1? (i) devalue (ii) famous for being public (iii) obscure (iv) to come into being through evolution Answer: (30) (iv) to come into being through evolution   (31) The advantages of the Internet technology are known as — (i) social networking services (ii) social networks (iii) Facebook              (iv) Google+ Answer: (31) (i) social networking services   (32) User profiles have a section for —. (i) others' remarks (ii) outsider's editing (iii)  outsider's moderation (iv) outsider's uploading Answer: (32) (i) others' remarks   (33) Which of the following statement(s) is/are true about social network services? (i)   All of them are cost free (ii)  They don't allow others to comment, modify items (iii) Personal information can be published through them (iv) Privacy is accessible Answer: (33) (iii) Personal information can be published through them   (34) User accounts have – protection measures. (i) virus                          (ii) identity (iii) personal secrecy      (iv) network Answer: (34) (iii) personal secrecy   (35) Who is/ are sharing interests through social network services? (i) men                                     (ii) people (iii) villagers.                   (iv) only students Answer: (35) (ii) people   (36) The utility of website is —. (i) abusing social network (ii) creating social awareness (iii) discouraging social relations (iv) promoting universal brotherhood Answer: (36) (ii) creating social awareness   (37) The word 'privacy mentioned in the passage means —. (i) seclusion                      (ii) publicity (iii) communal                  (iv) intimacy Answer: (37) (i) seclusion   (38) What does Internet increase? (i) diplomatic activity      (ii) conflict (iii) social relation           (iv) family relation Answer: (38) (iii) social relation   (39) Users have to pay for   —. (i) social network in (ii) their online connections (iii) multimedia               (iv) uploading pictures Answer: (39) (ii) their online connections   (40) This passage highlights the importance of —. (i) electronic media (ii) information technology (iii) social network services (iv) complete education Answer: (40) (iii) social network services   (41) Web in the first paragraph could be best replaced by —. (i) adventure                       (ii) wonderful (iii) worried                        (iv) texture Answer: (41) (iv) texture   (42) The social networks relation among people. (i) promote                        (ii) reduce (iii) cut off                         (iv) set about Answer: (42) (i) promote   (43) The - technology has made social networking sites to emerge. (i) Facebook                       (ii) Google+ (iii) Twitter                         (iv) Internet Answer: (43) (iv) Internet   (44) The social services help us to - interest and activities around the world. (i) entertain                           (ii) exchange (iii) observe                           (iv) feel Answer: (44) (ii) exchange   (45) Use of Facebook is a —. (i) bane                                     (ii) drawback (iii) wastage                           (iv) benediction Answer: (45) (iv) benediction   (46) 'Privacy protection' means — (i) being private (ii) being privately protected (iii) being individually protected (iv) being publicly protected Answer:  (46)(iii) being individually protected   (47) What is the main purpose of the author of this passage? (i) To state the bad sides of Facebook (ii) To sketch the importance of Internet (iii) different to features of the social networking services (iv) To highlight the significance of the social networking services Answer: (47) (iii) different to features of the social networking services   (48) What does the expression, "The answer is simple" mean? (i) Social networks are not expanding so fast (ii) Social networks are spreading very slowly (iii) Social networks are spreading very quickly (iv) Social networks are not expanding so quickly Answer: (48) (iii) Social networks are spreading very quickly   (49) The most demandable social network is —. (i) Google                        (ii) Twitter (iii) LinkedIn                   (iv) Facebook Answer: (49) (iv) Facebook   (50) The social networking services work through —. (i) Computer                     (ii) Facebook (iii) Internet                      (iv) Emails Answer: (50) (iii) Internet   2. Answer the following questions.   (a) the social networks help you develop sense and sensibility? Answer: (a) The social networks help us to present ourselves before the entire world. They make us social and develop a sense how we should behave with the others. They also develop our sensibility that helps us apply our sense in different situations.   (b) What is social network? Answer: (b) Social network is a web-based technology which provides ways for the users to interact through the internet.   (c) What is the the reason behind the emergence of so many web sites? Answer: (c) The advantages of internet technology are the reasons behind the emergence of so many websites.   (d) How are these networks making a global community? Answer: (d) These networks make it possible to connect people sharing interests and activities across the borders and thus are making a global community.   (e) What do you consider the most important reason behind the expansion of the social networks? Answer: (e) I think, the most important reason behind the expansion of social networks is that it is cost free.   Extra Questions :   (1) Do you support the idea that a good number of websites facilitate social relations among people around the world? Why or why not? Explain in 2 or 3 sentences. Answer: (1) Yes. I support the idea that a good number social relations among of websites facilitate social relations the people around the world. Through these services people can share interests and activities across the borders feeling that they really live in a global village.   (2) What do social networking services often do for the users? Answer: (2) Social networking services often do many things for the users. They provide ways for the users to interact through the Internet. They make it possible to connect people sharing interests and activities across the borders.   (3) What does internet increase? Do we get benefit from social network services? Answer: (3) Internet increases social relations among people around the world. Definitely we get benefit from social network services. We can share our views and news with the people around the world. We can know what is happening at the remotest part of the world within a very short time through these networks.   (4) What do social networks allow? Is there any privacy to hide information? Answer: (4) Social networks allow users to upload pictures, multimedia contents and modify the profile. Yes, there is privacy for users to hide their information.   (5) What is web-based? Who gets a very little pay? Answer: (5) Web-based refers to any program that is accessed over internet connection. The internet service provider gets a very little pay.   (6) "Social network users feel that they really. live in a global village." Do you agree with this view? Why/Why not? Answer(6) Yes, I agree with this view that 'social networking websites have turned the world into a global village' because the users of social networking services are presenting themselves before the entire world by Facebook, Google+, Twitter, LinkedIn etc. Within a few seconds people can share everything with each other.   (7) Do you think that social networks are cost free? Give reasons in favour of your answer. Answer: (7) I don't think social networks are totally cost free because if anybody wants to start or open his social sites, he must need internet connection first. And for internet connection he/she has to buy a internet package from a internet provider.   (8) "Facebook to the most popular social network" Explain. Answer: (8) Facebook is the most popular social network because 80% of the social network users use Facebook almost everyday. It can connect people within seconds. People can share their photos, videos, views, and interests in Facebook easily.   (9) "It is like presenting yourself before the entire world.". What does the writer want to mean by this sentence? Answer: (9) By this sentence the writer means that one can make one's personal profile public before the entire online community. At the same time one can look into other people's profile.   (10) What are the advantages of social networks? Answer: (10) The advantages of social networks are that we can connect ourselves with the people of different countries, share our interests and activities across the borders and feel ourselves living in a global village.   (11) Are Google, Twitter helpful for us? If yes, how? Answer: (11) Yes, Google, Twitter are helpful for us. We can be connected with one another using these sites. We can share our interests and activities through the social networks.   (12) Descent how the users of social networks present themselves before the whole world. Answer: (12) The users of social networks are presenting themselves before the entire world by using social services like Facebook, Twitter, Google+ etc. A large number of users exchange their views and interests using the networks. They are sharing their photos, videos and many other utilities through these websites   (13) What do people use for social networks? Answer: (13) People use internet for social networks with joy and happiness. By using it they can upload pictures, multimedia contents and modify the profile. They can use these for their necessary purposes and entertain themselves   (14) They really live in a global village." How? Answer: (14) The social networks make it possible to connect people sharing interests and activities across the borders. The users can share their feelings and thoughts through the services with one another. Thus they really live in a global village.   (15) Why do people use the Internet for social networks? Answer: (15) People use internet for social networks so that they can connect themselves with the people of different countries, share their interests and activities across the borders and feel themselves living in a global village.   (16) What are the some uses of social networks? Answer: (16) Facebook, Google+, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc. are some of the uses of social networking services.   (17) What are the advantages of internet technology? Answer: (17). The advantages of internet technology is immense. Social networks are web-based technology of internet which facilitate social relations among people around the world.   (18) What do social networking services offer for the users? Answer: (18) Social networking services offer the users to interact through the internet. They connect people sharing interest and activities across the borders. They can make people happy by feeling that they are really living in a global village   (19) Is there any privacy protection means used for the users of network services? If there is any, describe how do they work? Answer: (19) Yes, all the social networking services have their own privacy protection policy or settings. One can easily make his/her personal profile public before the entire online community. Like this, one can use it only for one's own satisfaction. It totally depends on his/her own pleasure whether he/she will show himself/herself before the entire world or not.   (20) What is Internet meant for? Answer: (20) Internet is meant for a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols   (21) Why is Facebook most popular? Answer: (21) Facebook is most popular because it connects people around the globe by sharing interests and activities.   (22) How can we share our interests and activities? Answer: (22) We can share our interests and activities through social networks like Facebook, Google+, Twitter, and LinkedIn.   (23) How are the social networks expanding so fast? Answer: (23) The social networks are expanding so fast because most of the social services are free of cost and can also make our personal profile public before the entire online community.   (24) Do you think that Facebook plays a great role to make the world a global village? Why/why not? Answer: (24) Yes. I think that Facebook plays a great role to make the world a global village because it can connect people across the borders within seconds and share their interests or beliefs with others.   (25) How can a user take privacy protection measures? Answer: (25) A user can take privacy protection measures by deciding over the number of visitors or viewers and what information should be shard with others   (26) What's the reason behind the development of social relation among people? Answer: (26) A good number of websites are emerging around the world. It is the reason behind the development of social relation among people.   (27) Which is the most popular among social services? What can Facebook do? Answer: (27) Facebook is the most popular among social services. Facebook can connect people sharing interests and activities across the borders. It also allows users to update their profiles.   (28) Make a list of the arguments as to why social networks are expanding so fast? What's your view regarding them? Answer: (28) There are some reasons why social networks are expanding so fast. Firstly, most of the social services are cost free. Secondly, users can make their personal profile public! Thirdly, users can remain connected to their dear ones. Moreover, they can do all the things keeping their personal secrecy   (29) What do the social networks allow their users? Answer: (29) Social networks allow their users to interact through the internet likely to connect people sharing interest and activities across the borders.   Bangla Translation ইন্টারনেট প্রযুক্তি বিশ্বজুড়ে মানুষের মধ্যে সম্পর্ক সহজতর করার জন্য অসংখ্য ওয়েব সাইট তৈরি করতে সাহায্য করেছে, যা বর্তমানে সোশ্যাল নেটওয়ার্কিং সার্ভিসেস নেটওয়ার্ক বা সোশ্যাল মিডিয়া নামে পরিচিত। ফেসবুক হল সবচেয়ে জনপ্রিয় সাইট। Google+, টুইটার, লিঙ্কডইন, ইত্যাদি, প্রায়শই ব্যবহৃত সামাজিক পরিষেবা। সামাজিক পরিষেবাগুলি ওয়েব-ভিত্তিক এবং তাই, ব্যবহারকারীদের তাদের ইন্টারনেটে যোগাযোগ করার সুযোগ করে দেয়। এই পরিষেবাগুলি সীমানা পেরিয়ে আগ্রহ এবং কার্যকলাপ ভাগ করে নেওয়া লোকেদের সম্ভব করে তোলে এবং এইভাবে ব্যবহারকারীদের মনে করিয়ে দেয় যে তারা সত্যিই একটি বিশ্বব্যাপী গ্রামে বাস করে। সামাজিক নেটওয়ার্কগুলি এত দ্রুত কেন প্রসারিত হচ্ছে? উত্তরটি সহজ। বেশিরভাগ সামাজিক পরিষেবা বিনামূল্যে। আপনি আপনার ইন্টারনেট পরিষেবা প্রদানকারীকে সামান্য অর্থ প্রদান করে বিনামূল্যে এগুলি ব্যবহার করতে পারেন। দ্বিতীয়ত, সমগ্র অনলাইন সম্প্রদায়ের সামনে আপনার ব্যক্তিগত প্রোফাইল জনসাধারণের কাছে উন্মুক্ত করতে পারেন)। এটি সমগ্র বিশ্বের সামনে নিজেকে উপস্থাপন করার মতো। আপনি আগ্রহী অন্য ব্যক্তির প্রোফাইলও দেখতে পারেন। এটি সহজ এবং সহজ, তৃতীয়ত, সামাজিক নেটওয়ার্ক ব্যবহারকারীদের ছবি মাল্টিমিডিয়া সামগ্রী আপলোড করতে এবং প্রোফাইল পরিবর্তন করতে দেয়। ফেসবুকের মতো কিছু পরিষেবা ব্যবহারকারীদের তাদের প্রোফাইল আপডেট করার অনুমতি দেয়। চতুর্থত, নেটওয়ার্ক ব্যবহারকারীদের ব্লগ এন্ট্রি পোস্ট করার অনুমতি দেয়। ব্যবহারকারীর প্রোফাইলে বন্ধু এবং অন্যান্য ব্যবহারকারীদের মন্তব্যের জন্য নিবেদিত একটি বিভাগ থাকে। পরিশেষে, গোপনীয়তা সুরক্ষার ব্যবস্থাও রয়েছে। একজন ব্যবহারকারী নিজেই সিদ্ধান্ত নেন যে দর্শকের সংখ্যা কত এবং অন্যদের সাথে কোন তথ্য ভাগ করা উচিত। Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.            The advantages of the Internet technology have made it possible to emerge a good number of web sites to facilitate social relations among people around the world. These are known as social networking services or social networks. At present, Facebook is the most popular. Google+, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc. are other frequently used social services. Social network services are web-based and hence, provide ways for the users to interact through the Internet. These services make it possible to connect people sharing interests and activities across the borders and thus have made a lot for the users to feel that they really live in a global village. Why are social networks expanding so fast? The answer is simple. Most of the social l services are cost free. You can make use of them free, paying a very little to your Internet service provider. Secondly, you can make your personal profile public before the entire online community. It is like presenting yourself before the entire world. You can also look into other people’s profile if you are interested. It is simple and easy. Thirdly, social networks allow users to upload pictures, multimedia contents and modify the profile. Some like Facebook allow users to update their profiles. Fourthly, networks allow users to post blog entries. User profiles have a section dedicated to comments from friends and other users. Finally, there are privacy protection measures too. A user himself or herself decides over the number of visitors/viewers, and what information should be shared with others. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 What does Internet increase? i) family relation    ii) social relations         iii) friends relation       iv) brother relation Which is the most popolar? i) Google                ii) Twitter                     iii) Facebook               iv) LinKedln How are social network services? i) web-based          ii) networking              iii) related                    iv) technological The advantages of the Internet technology are known as —. i) social networking services                      ii)    social networks iii) Facebook                                               iv)    Google+                 Which of the above answer/s is/are correct? A) i and ii B)    i and iii                 C) iv                            D)    i Look at the following information below: i) Tweets are publicly visible                     ii) Users really live in a global village iii) Linkedln is the most popular                  iv)  Social networks are expanding so fast.                 Which of the above answers is/are correct? A) and iii B) i and iii                    C) iii                            D) i Who are sharing interests? i) Man ii)  People                    iii) Villagers                 iv) Only students Which services are cost free? i) Most of the social services ii) Twitter iii) Computer                                               iv) Internet Extra Practices The — technology has made social networking sites to emerge. i) Linkedln             ii) Google+                  iii) Twitter                    iv) Internet At present — is the most popular social network. (i)      Google+           (ii)    LinkedIn (iii)    Facebook         (iv)   Twitter — network services are web-based. (i)      Phone              (ii)    Personal (iii)    Social               (iv)   Mobile Social networks help people connect people across the —. (i)      planets             (ii)    borders (iii)    galaxy              (iv)   homes Most of the social services are — free. (i)      trouble             (ii)    cost (iii)    advantages       (iv)   burden There are — protection measures too. (i)      band                (ii)    privacy (iii)    personal           (iv)   massages Some like Facebook allow —– to update their profiles. (i)      global               (ii)    users (iii)    masses             (iv)   band Fourthly, networks —–users to post blog entries. (i)      allow                (ii)    provide (iii)    information      (iv)   social 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What is social network? b)         Why do people use Internet for social networks? c)         Which is the most popular among social services? d)         Why are social networks expanding so fast? e)         Who gets a very little pay?   Extra Practices 1.         What can Facebook do?: 2.         What are the some uses of social networks? 3.         What do social networks allow? 4.         Where has a section? 5.         What is web based? 6.         What has made possible to facilitate social relation? 7.         What is the most popular social networking site? 8.         What is a global village? 9.         What do you mean by social networks? 10.       What does the social networks provide? 1. a. ii) social relations; b. iii) facebook; c. i) web-based; d. A) i and ii; e. B) ii and iv; f. iii. people; g. i) Most of the social services; h. iv) Internet; i. (iii) facebook; j. (iii) social; k. (ii) borders; l. (ii) cost; m. (ii) privacy; o. (ii) users; p. (i) allow. 2. a. Social network is to facilitate social relations among people around the world. People use Internet for social networks to interact quickly and easily. Facebook is the most popular social networking service. Social networks are expanding so fast because most of the social services are cost tree. Internet service provider gets a very little pay. Facebook can unite people with common interests or beliefs through groups and other pages and has been known to reunite lost family members and friends because of the widespread reach of its network. The users can interact through the internet. Their services make it possible to connect people sharing interests and activities across the borders. Social networks allow users to upload pictures, multimedia contents and modify the profile. Some like Facebook allow users to update their profiles. Ad

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                 Let’s imagine a citizen’s ordinary day at work. The morning probably starts with a cup of coffee/tea, followed by greeting the colleagues. Then comes the inevitable, which is the logging in the computer. For many of us the third step has become an automatic behavior and it dominates the rest of our work day, receiving and sending dozens of emails. An e-mail is an electronic mail. It is a computer-aided way of exchanging digital text messages from a sender to one or multiple recipient/s. Emails operate through a network of computers linked by the Internet. There are commercial server agencies such as Yahoo, Gmail, Ymail, Hotmail, etc. that accept the text message from the sender, forward it and deliver instantly to the digital mailbox of the recipient. If the recipient is not online, the message is stored and delivered later when the recipient is online. It works instantly just with the click of your mouse. It has been a powerful communication tool in modern life. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 The text is about—. i) logging in the computer                          ii) digital operation of computer iii) modern communication system              iv) digital system ‘Logging in’ refers to —. i) cutting down the logs of trees                 ii) making logs iii) activities to start a device                       iv) pushing a log into a computer The initial activity in the morning is —. i) logging in the computer                          ii)  cooking food iii) going to office    iv) reading What is a must in the morning —. i) taking a cup of tea                                  ii) cooking food iii) logging in the computer                         iv) going to the washroom What has become automatic behavior? i) receiving emails                                      ii) sending emails iii) working with emails                               iv) writing emails How is an email? i) Mail stored in a box                                ii) Mail exchanged electronically iii) Mail received from a postman       iv) Mail received from a post office How many recipients can be of an email? i) Many                  ii) Only one iii) None knows       iv) 50 to 60 Extra Practices Internet is—. i) computer-linked ii) computer-system     iii) computer-graphic   iv) computer-writing We are dependent on email, because—. i) it is modern        ii) it is fashionable       iii) it is our need          iv) it is challenging By which will you click? i) Mouse                ii) Keyboard                iii) Monitor                  iv) CPU The morning probably starts with a — followed by greeting the colleagues. (i)   morning walk       (ii)    reading paper       (iii)   with a cup of tea  (iv)   eating breakfast Emails operate through a network of computers linked by the —. (i)   mobile phone                                           (ii)    facebook (iii) internet                                                     (iv)   world wide web (www) It works instantly just with the click of your —. (i)   keyboard              (ii)    hard disk              (iii)   mouse                  (iv)   CPU It has been a — communication. (i)   slow                     (ii)    fast                      (iii)   rapid                    (iv)   powerful An e-mail is an electronic —. (i)   mail                      (ii)    current                 (iii)   metal                    (iv)   thing With what does the morning probably start?       (i)   a cup of coffee/tea                             (ii)  a cup of soup (iii) a mug of water                                   (iv) a jug of milk What should be imagined?       (i)   a citizen’s good day                            (ii)  a gun man’s day (iii) a citizen’s ordinary day                      (iv) a servant’s day 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What is an e-mail? b)         How do we get up normally in the morning? c)         What has become inevitable now in the morning? d)         What does dominate our work day? e)         How many e-mails in a day do we handle?   Extra Practices 1.         What is Gmail? 2.         How are e-mails operated? 3.         What will be done if the recipient is not online? 4.         How does an email work? 5.         What is a powerful communication tool in modern life? Answer: 1.      a. iii) modern communication system; b. iii) activities to start a device; c. i) logging in the computer; d. iii) logging in the computer; e. iii) working with emails; f. ii) Mail exchanged electronically; g. i) Many; h. i) computer-linked; i. iii) it is our need; j. i) Mouse; k. (iii); m. (iii); n. (iii); o. (iii); p. (iii); q. (i); r. (iii). 2.      a. E-mail is an electronic mail. We get up normally in the morning with a cup of coffee/tea. Logging in the computer has become inevitable now in the morning. Computer dominates our work day. We handle many e-mails in a day. Bangla Translation ৯০তম বিজ্ঞান কংগ্রেসে এক বক্তৃতায় আন্তর্জাতিকভাবে খ্যাতিসম্পন্ন বিজ্ঞানী এবং ভারতের প্রাক্তন রাষ্ট্রপতি জনাব এপিজে আব্দুল কালাম মানবজাতির ভবিষ্যৎ জ্বালানি সংকটের একটি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ দিক উল্লেখ করেছেন। তিনি উল্লেখ করেছেন যে কাঠ এবং জৈব পদার্থের যুগ প্রায় শেষ হয়ে এসেছে। তেল এবং প্রাকৃতিক গ্যাসের যুগ শীঘ্রই আগামী কয়েক দশকের মধ্যে শেষ হয়ে যাবে। বিশ্বের কয়লা মজুদের ব্যাপক পোড়ানো বিশ্বব্যাপী পরিবেশগত বিপর্যয়ের দিকে নিয়ে যেতে পারে কারণ কয়লা পোড়ানো বায়ুমণ্ডলে সর্বাধিক পরিমাণে কার্বন নির্গত করে। ১৯৮৬ সালে ইউক্রেনের (প্রাক্তন সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়ন) চেরনোবিল দুর্ঘটনা প্রকাশ করেছে যে পারমাণবিক শক্তিও সম্ভাব্য বিপজ্জনক হতে পারে। তাই কালামের মতে, মানবজাতির একমাত্র সমাধান হল ভবিষ্যতে সৌরশক্তির ব্যাপক ব্যবহার কারণ এর অন্যান্য ধরণের নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তির তুলনায় কিছু সুবিধা রয়েছে। এখন কালাম কেন শক্তির বিষয়টিকে এত গুরুত্ব দিয়েছেন? ইতিহাস জুড়ে শক্তির উৎসগুলি সর্বদা পরিবর্তনের একটি প্রধান কারণ হয়ে দাঁড়িয়েছে। বিশ্বের পেট্রোলিয়াম ব্যবহার ১৯৩০ সালে বার্ষিক ৩ বিলিয়ন ব্যারেল থেকে বেড়ে আজ বার্ষিক ৫০ বিলিয়ন ব্যারেলে দাঁড়িয়েছে। আগামী একুশ শতকে বিশ্বের জনসংখ্যা প্রায় ৮ বিলিয়ন হবে বলে আশা করা হচ্ছে, যা আজকের তুলনায় ৩০ শতাংশ বেশি। উন্নয়নশীল দেশগুলি শিল্পোন্নত দেশগুলির তুলনায় তাদের অর্থনীতির প্রবৃদ্ধি প্রায় দ্বিগুণ দ্রুততর করবে। বৈশ্বিক অর্থনৈতিক প্রবৃদ্ধি প্রতি বছর ৩ শতাংশ হারে অব্যাহত থাকবে বলে আশা করা হচ্ছে। ফলস্বরূপ, বিশ্বব্যাপী জ্বালানির চাহিদা প্রতি বছর গড়ে প্রায় ১.৭ শতাংশ হারে বৃদ্ধি পাবে। এটি ২০৩০ সালের মধ্যে জ্বালানি খরচ ৫০ শতাংশ বৃদ্ধির ইঙ্গিত দেয়। যদি বিশ্বের দৈনিক পেট্রোলিয়াম ব্যবহার বর্তমানে ২২০ মিলিয়ন ব্যারেল হয়, তবে ততক্ষণে তা ৩৩৫ মিলিয়ন ব্যারেল পর্যন্ত বৃদ্ধি পাবে। হাইড্রো-কার্বন জ্বালানি সম্পদের বর্তমান মজুদ সীমিত এবং এটি বিশ্বের ভবিষ্যতের জ্বালানি চ্যালেঞ্জ মোকাবেলায় যথেষ্ট হবে না। এবং তাই, শীর্ষস্থানীয় শিল্পোন্নত দেশগুলি প্রধানত সবুজ বা পুনর্নবীকরণযোগ্য জ্বালানি উৎস হিসাবে পরিচিত বিকল্প জ্বালানি উৎসগুলি ব্যবহার করার উদ্যোগ নিয়েছে। কালামের বক্তৃতার মূল কথাটি একবিংশ শতাব্দীতে মানবজাতির উদ্বেগের ইঙ্গিত দেয়। Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                  Partha Pratim Majumder was born in 1954 in Pabna to a family of artistes. He spent most of his early years in his ancestral home, one of the biggest houses, situated in a small locality known as Kalachandpara. At that time Kalachandpara was well known for its cultural activities. There were festivals and various types of cultural shows round the year. Majumder’s father, a photographer by profession was an art lover. He taught and inspired his son to appreciate different forms of art. Majumder went to live with his aunt in Chandernagar, 30 kilometres away from Kolkata in 1966. It was there that he first came across a mime artiste named Jogesh Dutta. The way Dutta  narrated  stories without uttering a single word, left Majumder spellbound. He took lessons on mime from Dutta in Jogesh Dutta’s mime academy in Kolkata from 1966 to 1972. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         Majumder went to ----- live with his aunt. (i) Chandpur            (ii) Chanderhat            (iii) Chandernagar        (iv) Chunasughat b)         Majumder’s ----- was a photographer. (i) father                  (ii) brother                   (iii) uncle                     (iv) cousin c)         The birth place of Partha Pratim is -----. (i) Patna                   (ii) Pabna                     (iii) Paharpur               (iv) Parbatipur d)         He was highly inspired by his -----. (i) father                  (ii) mother                   (iii) sister                     (iv) brother e)         Chandernagar is ----- away from Kolkata. (i) forty kms.            (ii) thirty kms.              (iii) thiry miles.            (iv) fifty kms. f)          Majumder was born in -----. (i) 1954                    (ii) 1945                      (iii) 1950                     (iv) 1854 g)         His father was born in -----. (i) artist                    (ii) art lover                 (iii) honest man            (iv) educationist   Extra Practices h)         ----- was well-known for its cultural activities. (i) Kalyanpur           (ii) Kalachandpara       (iii) Khamarpara          (iv) Kamarkhali i)          He went to Chandernagar in -----. (i) 1996                    (ii) 1966                      (iii) 1954                                 (iv) 1960 j)          Majumder took lessons on ----- from Dutta. (i) mime                   (ii) sports                     (iii) photography          (iv) drawing   Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         Why did Majumder go to Chandernagar? b)         Who inspired him to appreciate different forms of art? c)         Where did he take lessons on mime from Dutta? d)         What was Majumder’s father? e)         What made Majumder spellbound?   Extra Practices 1.         When was Partha Pratim Majumder born? 2.         Where did he spend most of his early years? 3.         What was Kalachandpara well known for? 4.         Where was Chandernagar? 5.         Did Partha take lessons on mime? 1.      a. ii) the land owner; b. iv) the Archeological Survey of India; c. iv) 1991; d. ii) Pre-liberation; e. ii) southern Asia. f. (iii); g. (i); 2.      a. Paharpur is in Naogaon district of northern Bangladesh The Department of Archaeology of Bangladesh brought the site under further excavation after independence. Expeditions revealed the architectural site of a vast Buddhist monastery, the Somapura Mahavihara. Somapura Mahavihara was built during 781-821 AD. Cunningham found the ruins of a square tower to 22 feet side with projection in the middle of each side from the top of central hill. Paharpur is situated in a village named ‘Paharpur’ in Naogaon district of northern Bangladesh. Clay seals indicates that the site was built by the second Pala king. Ad Ad

Read the following passage and answer the questers below: Michael Madhusudan Dutt, popularly known as Madhusudan, was a celebrated 19th century Bengali poet and dramatist. He was born in Sagordari on the bank of the Kopotaksho River, a village in Keshabpur Upazila under Jashore district. From an early age, Dutt aspired to be an Englishman in form and manner. Though he was born in a sophisticated Hindu family, he converted to Christianity as a young man, much to the ire of his family, and adopted the first name. Michael. In his childhood, he was recognized by his teachers as a precious child with a gift of literary talent (His early exposure to English education and European literature at home and his college inspired) him to imitate the English in taste, manners and intellect. Since his adolescence he started believing that he was born on the wrong side of the planet, and that his society was unable to appreciate his talent. He also believed that the West would be more receptive to his creative genius Madhusudan was an ardent follower of the famous English poet Lord Byron. So after adopting Christianity, he went to Europe and started composing poems and plays in English. They proved his higher level of intellectual ability. However, he failed to gain the right appreciation. With his utter frustrations he saw that he was not regarded as a native writer of English literature. Out of his frustration he composed a sonnet in Bangla "Kopotaksha Nad", which earned him huge. Reputation in Bangla Gradually he could realize that his true identity lay in Bengal and he was a sojoumer in Europe. Afterwards he regretted his fascination for England and the West. He came back to Bengal and devoted himself to Bangla literature from this period. He has written the Arts Bangla epic Meghnad Badh Kabya. 1. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. (a) The word 'ardent' stands for — . (i) very dutiful               (ii) very famous (iii) very appropriate     (iv) very eager Answer: (a) (iv). very eager   (b) The first epic in Bangla literature is — (i) Mochas has an             (ii) Megh Nad Badh Kabya (iii) Agnibina                          (iv) Soner Tori Answer: (a) (ii) Megh Nad Badh Kabya   (c) What is the main purpose of the author of this passage? (i) to sketch Michael's life (ii) to describe Michael's separation from his Fa                           (iii) to state Michael's literary genius (iv                           (iv) to highlight Michael's conversion to Christianity Answer: (c) (iii) to state Michael's literary genius   (d) Dutt was born in ---. (i) West Bengal              (ii) West Pakistan (iii) East Bengal             (iv) Southern India Answer: (d) (iii) East Bengal   (e)  The writings of Madhusudan were mostly (i)by                                          (i) Kipling                  (iiByron (iii) Homer                    (iv) Wordsworth Answer: (e) (ii) Byron   (f)  Dutt was of sonnet in Bengali literature. (i) a follower               (ii) the    initiator (iii) only composer      (iv) a poet Answer: (f) (ii) the initiator   (g) The word 'ire' refers to (i) erosion     (iii) experience   (iii) irregular   iv) anger Answer: (g) (iv) anger   Extra Questions: (1). 'Appreciation' in the fourth Dara. could be best replaced by –. (i) Accomplishment -                 (ii) appropriate (iii) praise                                   (iv) admiration Answer: (1) (iv) admiration   (2) 'Sagordari' is the name of a (i) market for                             (ii) thana (iii) union                                  (iv) village Answer: (2) (iv) village   (3) Madhusudan was a popular (i) poet of Parish                       (ii) Bengali poet and dramatis (iii) Bengali poet                       (iv) English Answer: (3) (ii) Bengali poet and dramatist   (4)   He went to — after adopting Christianity. (i) Europe                                 (ii) America (iii) London                              (iv) Australia Answer: (4) (i) Europe   (5) He was born in a — family. . (i) Hindu       (ii) Muslim        (iii) Christian     (iv) Buddhist Answer: (5) (i) Hindu   (6)  Madhusudan Dutt was a poet of - (i) 17th century          (ii) 18th century (iii) 19th century         (iv) 20th century Answer(6)(iii) 19th century   (7)  Dust’s birth place is – (i) Monipur                 (ii) Sagordari (iii) Monpura (iv)      Sagorpara Answer: (7) (ii) Sagordari   (8)  Who had written the first Bangla epic? (i) Dutt (ii) Sagordar (iii) Monpura (iv) Sufia Kamal Answer: (8) (i) Dutt   (9) He introduced "Aunitrackshar Chhanda" to___ () to -                                  (i) English Literature          (ii) Greek Literature () Bangla                            (iii) Bangka Literature       (iv) Chinese Literature Answer: (9) (iii) Bangla literature   (10) He composed a sonnet in Bangla named ----. (i)  Kopotaksha Nad         (ii) Matir Kanna (iii) Birronggona                (iv) Modhumala Answer:  (10) (i) Kopotaksha Nad   (11)Where did Michael pass most of his European days? (ii) France                   (ii) England (iii) India                    (iii) Bangladesh Answer: (11) (ii) England ? (12)  What does the expression "The be more receptive to his create the passage mean? (i) The West would give him money (ii) The West would treat him like a English man (iii) The West would abandon him . (iv) The West would appreciate his talent Answer: (12) (iv) The West would appreciate his talent   (13)  Which of the following has the close of the word "popular used in line1? (i) polluted                                  (ii) changing (iii) inventing                              (iv) liked, enjoyed or supported by people Answer: (13) (iv) liked, enjoyed and supported by people   (14) Which of the following indicates so what comported by peony higher level of intellectual ability best? (i) his adopting Christianity        (ii) his poetry and drama (iii) his teacher's appreciation     (iv) his social work Answer: (14) (ii) his poetry and drama   (15)  Dutt ---- to be an Englishman, (i) hated           (ii) desired        (iii) ignored            (iv)acted Answer: (15) (ii) desired   (16) 'Kopotaksha Nad' is a --- (i) drama          (ii) story             (iii) sonnet             (iv) lyric Answer: (16) (iii) sonnet   (17) He regretted his — for English society (i) hatred          (ii) fame             (iii) reputation       (iv) fascination Answer: (17) (iv) fascination (18)  Madhusudan started believing that his - was unable to appreciate his intellect. (i) society      (ii) family        (iii) country     (iv) village Answer: (18) (i) society   (19)  We was born on the bank of the river (i) Kapotaksha                        (ii) Yamuna (iii) Meghna                            (iv) Buriganga Answer: (19) (i) Kapotaksha   (20)  He took Christianity as — man. (i) a young                             (ii) an old (iii) a brave                            (iv) an English Answer: (20 (i) a young   2. Answer the following questions. (a)  What was the belief of Michael from his adolescence? . Answer:  (a) From his adolescence Michael believed that and he was born on the wrong side of the planet that his society was unable to appreciate his intellect. He also believed that the West would be more receptive to his creative genius   (b) "Gradually he could realize that his true ardently lies here in Bengal and he was a sojourner " Europe." Explain in 2/3 sentences. Answer: (b) Failing to get the right appreciation in Europe, frustration. Michael composed "Kopotaksha Nad' which earned him huge fame in Bangla. Then he realized his mistake and concentrated on Bangla literature   (c)  Where was Michael Madhusudan Dutt born? Answer: (c) Michael Madhusudan Dutt was born in a sophisticated Hindu family in Sagordari on the bank of the Kapotaksho river, a village in Keshobpur  Upazilla under Jashore district.   (d)  Do you think Dust’s family approved him when he changed his religion? Why or Why not? Answer: (d) Dutt's family didn't approve him when he changed his religion. They were not happy with Dutt's decision as it was a shame for them.   (e)   How was Michael's higher level  in intellectual ability exposed? Answer:   (e) Michael's higher level of intellectual ability was exposed in his early age when he studied English literature at home and his college inspired him to imitate the English in taste, manners and intellect. Extra Questions: (1)  What was the impression of Dust’s family on his conversion to Christianity? Answer:  (1) His family was very angry on his conversion to Christianity. They didn't like it at all.   (2)  Why did Dutt was start writing in Bangla? Answer:  (2) Dutt started writing Bangla out of frustration because the west didn't appreciate his English writings   (3)  What did he get from Europe? Answer:  (3) He failed to gain the right appreciation of his talent from Europe because he was a sojourner in Europe. As a result, he was frustrated and regretted for his fascination for England.   (4)  Why did he return to his native land language? Why Answer: (4) He returned to his native land and language because he felt the pull of his native land and his true identity lay in Bengal and so he devoted himself to Bangla literature.   (5)  Do you support that he was an uncommon Talent? Give reasons in 2/3 sentences. Answer:   (5) Yes, I support it because he was a versatile genius both in English and Bangla literature. He earned huge reputation for his sonnet Kapotaksha Nad. Besides, he was the first Bangla poet to write the epic 'Meghnad Badh Kabya'. (6) What frustrated Michael Madhusudan Dutt during his stay in Europe? Explain in 2/3sentences. Answer:  (6) When Michael was not esteemed as a native writer of English literature, he became frustrated during his stay in Europe. He also didn't get the right appreciation.   (7)  Why did Dutt use to believe that he was  born on the wrong side of the planet? Answer: (7) Dutt used to believe that he was born on the wrong side of the planet because he was infatuated with English literature   (8)  What was the ambition of Michael Madhusudan Dutt in early age? Answer: (8) In his early age Michael Madhusudan Dutt desired to be an Englishman in form and manner.   (9)  Do you think Michael Madhusudan Dutt was a successful writer? Why/Why not? Answer: (9) Yes, of course. He was a successful writer because he wrote sonnet in Bengali, a good many dramas, farce, and an epic named Meghnad Badh Kabya'. He also wrote dramas and novels in Sanskrit   (10)  How were Michel’s writings evaluated by the West? Answer:  (10) Michael's writings. in spite of proving his higher level of intellectual ability, were not appreciated by the West because he was a sojourer in Europe.   (11)  How was Duet higher level of intellectual ability exposed? Answer: (11) Dutt's higher level of intellectual ability was exposed with the publication of his English poetry and drama.   (12)  What was the impact of  ‘Kopotaksho Nad’ ? Answer: (12) The publication of "Kapotaksho Nad had a huge impact in the career of Madhusudan Dutt as it earned him a huge reputation. Bangla Translation মাইকেল মধুসূদন দত্ত, যিনি মধুসূদন নামে পরিচিত, ছিলেন উনিশ শতকের একজন বিখ্যাত বাঙালি কবি এবং নাট্যকার। যশোর জেলার কেশবপুর উপজেলার কপোতাক্ষ নদীর তীরে সাগরদাড়িতে তাঁর জন্ম। ছোটবেলা থেকেই দত্ত রূপ ও আচার-আচরণে একজন ইংরেজ হতে চেয়েছিলেন। যদিও তিনি একটি পরিশীলিত হিন্দু পরিবারে জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন, তবুও তিনি যুবক বয়সে খ্রিস্টধর্ম গ্রহণ করেছিলেন, যা তার পরিবারের ক্রোধের কারণ হয়েছিল এবং প্রথম নামটি গ্রহণ করেছিলেন মাইকেল। শৈশবে, তিনি তাঁর শিক্ষকদের কাছে সাহিত্য প্রতিভার এক মূল্যবান সন্তান হিসেবে স্বীকৃতি পেয়েছিলেন (বাড়িতে ইংরেজি শিক্ষা এবং ইউরোপীয় সাহিত্যের সাথে তার প্রাথমিক যোগাযোগ এবং তার কলেজ অনুপ্রাণিত করেছিল)। রুচি, আচরণ এবং বুদ্ধিমত্তায় তিনি ইংরেজদের অনুকরণ করতে শুরু করেছিলেন। কৈশোর থেকেই তিনি বিশ্বাস করতে শুরু করেছিলেন যে তিনি গ্রহের ভুল দিকে জন্মগ্রহণ করেছেন এবং তাঁর সমাজ তাঁর প্রতিভার প্রশংসা করতে অক্ষম। তিনি আরও বিশ্বাস করেছিলেন যে পশ্চিমা বিশ্ব তাঁর সৃজনশীল প্রতিভার প্রতি আরও বেশি গ্রহণযোগ্য হবে। মধুসূদন ছিলেন বিখ্যাত ইংরেজ কবি লর্ড বায়রনের একজন প্রবল অনুসারী। তাই খ্রিস্টধর্ম গ্রহণের পর, তিনি ইউরোপে যান এবং ইংরেজিতে কবিতা এবং নাটক রচনা শুরু করেন। তারা তার উচ্চতর বৌদ্ধিক দক্ষতার প্রমাণ দেয়। তবে, তিনি সঠিক মূল্যায়ন অর্জন করতে ব্যর্থ হন। তার চরম হতাশার সাথে তিনি দেখতে পান যে তাকে ইংরেজি সাহিত্যের স্থানীয় লেখক হিসেবে বিবেচনা করা হয় না। তার হতাশা থেকে তিনি বাংলায় "কপোতাক্ষ নাদ" নামে একটি সনেট রচনা করেন, যা তাকে বিশাল অর্জন করে। বাংলায় খ্যাতি ধীরে ধীরে তিনি বুঝতে পারেন যে তার আসল পরিচয় বাংলায় এবং তিনি ইউরোপে একজন প্রবাসী ছিলেন। পরবর্তীতে তিনি ইংল্যান্ড এবং পশ্চিমাদের প্রতি তার আকর্ষণের জন্য অনুতপ্ত হন। তিনি বাংলায় ফিরে আসেন এবং এই সময় থেকে বাংলা সাহিত্যে নিজেকে নিবেদিত করেন। তিনি "আর্টস বাংলা মহাকাব্য মেঘনাদ বধ কাব্য" রচনা করেছেন। Ad Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                  Michael Madhusudan Dutt  was a popular 19th-century Bengali poet and dramatist. He was born in Sagordari on the bank of the Kopotaksho River, a village in Keshobpur Upozila under Jessore district.   From an early age, Dutt aspired to be an Englishman in form and manner. Though he was born in a sophisticated Hindu family, he took Christianity as a young man, much to the ire of his family, and adopted the first name Michael. In his childhood, he was recognised by his teachers as a precious child with a gift of literary talent. His early exposure to English education and European literature at home and his college inspired him to imitate the English in taste, manners and intellect. Since his adolescence he started believing that he was born on the wrong side of the planet, and that his society was unable to appreciate his intellect. He also believed that the West would be more receptive to his creative genius. Michael was an ardent follower of the famous English poet Lord Byron. So after adopting Christianity, he went to Europe and started composing poetry and drama almost entirely in English. They proved his higher level of intellectual ability. However, he failed to gain the right appreciation. With his utter frustrations he saw that he was not regarded as a native writer of English literature. Out of his frustration he composed a sonnet in Bangla “Kopotaksha Nad”, which earned him huge reputation in Bangla. Gradually he could realise that his true identity lies here in this Bengal and he was a sojourner in Europe. Afterwards he regretted his attraction for England and the Occident. He came to Bengal and devoted himself to Bangla literature from this period. He is the poet to write the first Bangla epic Meghand Badh Kabya. (Source: Wikipedia) 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 Madhusudan was a popular —. 2.         i) poet of Urdu       ii) Bangali poet and dramatist iii) Bengali poet       iv) English poet He went to — after adopting Christianity. i) Europe                ii)    America                iii) Africa                    iv)    Australia He was born in a — family. i) Hindu                 ii)    Muslim                 iii) Christian                 iv)    Buddhist He was born oh the bank of river —. i) Kapotaksha        ii)    Jamuna                 iii) Meghna                  iv)    Nabaganga He took Christianity as —- man. i) a young ii) an old                      iii) a brave                   iv) an English Madhusudan started believing that his — was unable to appreciate his intellect. i) society                ii)    family                   iii) country                   iv)    village He was — of Lord Byron. i) an ardent follower  ii) a student                  iii) a teacher                 iv)    a friend Extra Practices He started writing in — in Europe. i) Bangla                ii) Hindi                       iii) Urdu                       iv) English He devoted himself to — literature. i) English               ii) Bangla                     iii) Urdu                       iv) Hindi He wrote the first — epic.  i) Bangla                ii)    English                 iii) Urdu                       iv)    Arabic Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         Where was Madhusudan born? b)         What did he start believing since his adolescence? c)         What did he aspire to be from his early age? d)         What did he adopt as a young man? e)         What is the name of his Bangla sonnet?   Extra Practices 1.         What do you know about Michael Madhusudan Dutt? 2.         What inspired him to imitate the English? 3.         What did he do after adopting Christianity? 4.         What could he realise gradually? 5.         Do you think he gained the right appreciation in Europe? 1.      a. ii) Bengali poet and dramatist; b. i) Europe; c. i) Hindu; d. i) Kapotaksha; e. i) a young; f. i) ‘j society; g. i) an ardent follower; h. iv) English; i. ii) Bangla; j. i) Bangla. 2.      a. Madhusudan was born in Sagardari on the bank of the river Kapotaksha in Jessore. He started believing that he was born on the wrong side of the planet and his society was unable to evaluate his intellect. He aspired to be an Englishman in form and manner from his early age. He adopted Christianity as a young man. The name of his Bangla sonnet is ‘Kapataksha Nad.

Read the following passage and answer the questions below:   Mainul Islam is a qualified farmer in Naogaon. Mr. Islam was very brilliant as a student. He took his higher education from Bangladesh Agricultural University in Mymensingh. He then came back home and started advanced farming. He has two other brothers who are graduates in different disciplines. The specialty of the Islam family is that they all are living in their village and all are renowned in their own fields. Mr. Islam's younger brother, who is a Rajshahi University graduate, is a science teacher in a local high school. His youngest brother is a social science graduate likes to start a local NGO to work for this area. When asked "What makes you decide to stay here in this village?" Mr. Islam smiled and said, “Look, it's true that we could leave this village for city life. I could be banker or my brothers could be bureaucrats. But it didn't attract us. We are sons of this soil. Yes, we have education but does education prepare a person only to be an officer? Don't we have any obligation (pan to the soil that he what we are?" He also added that not any individual should be a job seeker, He since his discipline was Agriculture education he took the occupation of response to a question whether the frustration living in a village, he confirmed that they were indeed very please life. He said, "I work in my own farm, stay with my family members, pass time with my old for sleep at my own home. All these count a la Mr. Islam is right. Many people go to cities or loosen their roots knowingly or unknown Islam and his brothers are great the forgotten their roots. They not only stick roots, they have been torch bearers for others to be respectful roots. SSC Examination '18 1. Choose the correct answer from the alternative   (a) We are "sons of the soil"- What is implied by  this idiomatic phrase in the inverted commas? (i) They belong to the land (ii) Their root lies in the soil (iii) They are closely attached to their soil (iv) They don't want to be rootless Answer: (a) (iii) they are closely attached to their  soil   (b) Mr. Islam and his brothers are — (i) alike                         (ii) similar (iii) likeminded          (iv) enthusiastic Answer: (b) (iv) enthusiastic   (c) Who is a bureaucrat? (i) An official working in a govt. assisted Organization (ii) An official who is in a high position in a • govt. department (iii) A govt. official who follows the commands of the high officials faithfully (iv) A govt. official who follows the rules the department too strictly Answer: (c) (ii) An official who is in a high position in a govt. department   (d) Which of the following suits best as a the above passage? (i) Gratefulness to the soil (ii) Respect to the soil (iii) Pull of roots (iv) Commitment to the native land Answer: (d) (iii) pull of roots (e)  Which of the following has the closest means of the word "Disciplines" used in line 57? (i) a system of rules governing conduct or ac (ii) a field of study (iii) control gained by enforcing obedience (iv) training that perfects the mental faculties Answer: (e) (ii) a field of study   (f) Which of the following statement is not to? (i) Mainul Islam felt an attraction at hear for city life. (ii) All his siblings live in their village ort (iii) He chose to avoid city life (iv) He did not look for any official job, Answer: (f) (i) Mainul Islam felt an attraction at heart for city life   (g) He then came back home and started advanced farming. What kind of word "advanced" is? (i) noun                        (ii) present participle (iii) verb                       (iv) past participle Answer: (g) (iv) past participle Extra Questions: (1) They have earned much ----. (i) defame           (ii) dishonor (iii) fame             (iv) disrespect Answer: (1) (iii) fame   (2) What is the main purpose of the writer of the passage? (i) to create a job finder group (ii) to focus on obligation to Ponte (iii) to influence to become farmer (iv) to scorch for city dwellers Answer: (2) (ii) to focus on obligation to Ponte   (3) What do you mean by 'torchbearer as shown in the above text? (i) forerunner                 (ii) who bears torch (iii) who makes torch     (iv) who bring torch Answer: (3) (i) forerunner   (4) Mr. Islam---- in the roots. (i) works          (ii) believes (iii) studies      (iv) trains Answer: (4) (ii) believes   (5) Naogaon is under which division of Bangladesh? (i)-Dhaka                        (ii) Mymensingh (iii) Rajshahi                  (iv) Rangpur Answer: (5) (iii) Rajshahi   (6) The word 'roots' is used so many times in the passage. Which of the following has the closest? meaning of 'roots' in the passage? (i) anchor of a plant » (ii) cause of growing (iii) cause of anything (iv) essence of something Answer: (6) (iv) essence of something     (7) Which statement is true about Mainul Islam? (i) He was a job seeker (ii) He was unhappy with village life (iii) He had responsibility towards homeland (iv) He wants to be an officer Answer: (7) (iii) He had responsibility towards homeland (8) According  to Mr. Islam, --- should not be the my motto of education, (i)acquisition of knowledge (ii) to be aware of responsibilities (iii) job seeking (iv) fellow feeling Answer:    (8) (iii) job seeking (9) Mainul along with his brothers---in a village. (i) live            (ii) work (iii) studies   (iv) lives Answer: (9) (iv) lives   (10) soul and his brothers are ---- with their present life. (i) frustrated                                (ii) dissatisfied (iii) satisfied                                 (iv) annoyed Answer: (10) (iii) satisfied   (11)Which quality of Mainul describes him best in the passage? (i) He is a graduate (ii)  He is an educated farmer (iii) He does not like conventional jobs (iv) He shows responsibility to his root Answer: (11) (iv) He shows responsibility to his root   (12) Mainul's younger brother is graduated from – (i) Agricultural University (ii) Rajshahi University (iii) Dhaka University (iv) Rajshahi College Answer: (12) (ii) Rajshahi University   (13)"People forget their roots" — What does 'root' mean here? (i) country-side (ii) lower portions of trees (iii) place of birth and its surroundings (iv) world heritage Answer: (13) (iii) place of birth and its surroundings   (14) Mainul started — farming in his village. (i) modern              (ii) traditional (iii) outdated          (iv) conventional Answer: (14) (i) modern   (15) Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word 'qualified' used in line 1? (i) learner                 (ii) studious (iii) educated          (iv) knowledge Answer: (15) (iii) educated   (16) Which of the following best describes Islam's family? (i) Agricultural      (ii) Uneducated (iii) Grateful           (iv) Qualified Answer: (16) (iv) Qualified   (17) What is the meaning of the phrase "sons of soil"? (i) attraction to the soil        (ii) made of soil (iii) native village                 (iv) avoiding of soil Answer: (17) (i) attraction to the soil   (18) How many brothers does Mainul have? (i) one               (ii) two        (iii) three          (iv) four Answer: (18) (ii) two   (19) All they have — in their own field. (i) business           (ii) name (iii) defame          (iv) merit Answer: (19) (ii) name   (20) Mainul started his career in - --. (i) Dhaka (ii) Mymensingh (iii) His own village (iv) Khulna Answer: (20) (iii) his own village   2. Answer the following questions.   (a) What is the specialty of the Islam frankly? Answer: (a) The speciality of the Islam family is that they all are living in their village and all have fame in their own fields   (b) Why did Mainul become a farmer? Answer(b). Mainul became a farmer because his discipline was Agriculture.   (c) What help Mr. Islam lead a pleasing life? Answer: (c) It is self-satisfaction that helps Mr. Islam lead a pleasing life.   (d) What made Mainul Islam come back to his village? Answer: (d) Mainul Islam's sense of responsibility to his root made him come back to his village.   (e) "Every educated individual should not be a job seeker."- Do you agree? Why? Answer: (e) Yes, I agree. I agree because getting job is not the only aim of education. Education helps us to be self-reliant. Being educated we can establish our own business. We can make our future by our own selves.   Extra Questions: (1) Describe the statement of Mainul for the educated individual. Answer: (1) In his statement regarding educated individuals, Mainul suggests them not to be job seekers. He suggests them to go to their native village and work there.   (2) What is the main theme of the passage? Answer: (2) Patriotism or love for the soil is the mam theme of the passage.   (3) Do you think that they are right in there. choosing professions? Explain in 2/3 sentences Answer: (3) Yes, I think they are right in their choosing professions. The Islam brothers choose their professions according to their graduation and liking and their decision is right because they have expertise in their respective fields.   (4) They are suffering in village... do you agree? Why/Why not? Answer: (4) No, they are not suffering in village rather they are very pleased to live in village as they stay with their family members, pass time with their old friends and sleep in their own home.   (5) Why are the three brothers great? Answer: (5) The three brothers are great because they never forget their roots. They not only stick 'to their own roots but also have been the torch bearers for others to be respectful to their own roots.   (6) In the passage Mainul asked the listeners, "Don't we have any obligation to     the soil      that has made us what we are?" What does he want to mean by this question? Answer: (6) By the statement Mainul suggests that we have some obligations to our soil. We have to do something for the betterment of the soil.   (7) In spite of taking higher education why does Mr. Mainul want to live in his village? Answer: (7) In spite of taking higher education, Mr. Mainul wants to live in his village because of his love for his native village. Bangla Translation মইনুল ইসলাম নওগাঁর একজন দক্ষ কৃষক। মি. ইসলাম ছাত্রজীবনে খুবই মেধাবী ছিলেন। তিনি ময়মনসিংহের বাংলাদেশ কৃষি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় থেকে উচ্চশিক্ষা গ্রহণ করেন। এরপর তিনি দেশে ফিরে উন্নত কৃষিকাজ শুরু করেন। তার আরও দুই ভাই আছে যারা বিভিন্ন বিষয়ে স্নাতক। ইসলাম পরিবারের বিশেষত্ব হলো তারা সকলেই তাদের গ্রামে থাকেন এবং সকলেই নিজ নিজ ক্ষেত্রে সুনাম অর্জন করেন। মি. ইসলামের ছোট ভাই, যিনি রাজশাহী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের স্নাতক, তিনি স্থানীয় একটি উচ্চ বিদ্যালয়ের বিজ্ঞান শিক্ষক। তার ছোট ভাই সমাজবিজ্ঞানের স্নাতক, তিনি এই এলাকার জন্য কাজ করার জন্য একটি স্থানীয় এনজিও শুরু করতে পছন্দ করেন। "আপনি এই গ্রামে থাকার সিদ্ধান্ত কেন নিয়েছেন?" জিজ্ঞাসা করা হলে মি. ইসলাম হেসে বললেন, "দেখুন, এটা সত্য যে আমরা এই গ্রাম ছেড়ে নগর জীবনের জন্য যেতে পারি। আমি ব্যাংকার হতে পারি অথবা আমার ভাইয়েরা আমলা হতে পারে। কিন্তু এটা আমাদের আকর্ষণ করেনি। আমরা এই মাটির সন্তান। হ্যাঁ, আমাদের শিক্ষা আছে কিন্তু শিক্ষা কি একজন ব্যক্তিকে কেবল একজন কর্মকর্তা হওয়ার জন্য প্রস্তুত করে? আমাদের কি কোন বাধ্যবাধকতা নেই (মাটির প্রতি আমাদের কি বিশ্বাস আছে?) তিনি আরও যোগ করেন যে কোনও ব্যক্তির চাকরিপ্রার্থী হওয়া উচিত নয়। যেহেতু তাঁর পেশা ছিল কৃষি শিক্ষা, তাই তিনি গ্রামে বসবাসের হতাশা সম্পর্কে এক প্রশ্নের উত্তরে এই পেশা গ্রহণ করেন। তিনি নিশ্চিত করেন যে তারা সত্যিই খুব সুখী জীবন। তিনি বলেন, "আমি আমার নিজের খামারে কাজ করি, আমার পরিবারের সদস্যদের সাথে থাকি, আমার নিজের বাড়িতে ঘুমানোর জন্য আমার বৃদ্ধদের সাথে সময় কাটাই। এই সবই মিস্টার ইসলামের কথা ঠিক বলে মনে হয়। অনেকেই শহরে যান বা জেনে বা অজানাভাবে তাদের শিকড় ছিঁড়ে ফেলেন। তার ভাইয়েরা মহান, যারা তাদের শিকড় ভুলে গেছেন। তারা কেবল শিকড়ই আটকে রাখেন না, তারা অন্যদের জন্য সম্মানজনক শিকড় হওয়ার জন্য মশাল বহনকারী। Ad Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                Unit-12: Lesson-2(D) Mainul Islam is a qualified farmer in Naogaon. Mr Islam was very brilliant as a student. He took his higher education from Bangladesh Agricultural University in Mymensingh. After completing his higher education Mainul came back home and started advanced farming. He has two other brothers who are graduates in different areas. The specialty of Islam family is that they all are living in their village and all have fame in their own fields. His younger brother, who is a Rajshahi University graduate, is a science teacher in a local school. His youngest brother is a social science graduate and he too would like to start a local NGO to work for this area. When asked “What makes you decide to stay here in this village?”, Mr Islam smiled. He said, “Look, it’s true that we could leave this village for a city life. I could be an officer or my brother could be a bureaucrat. But it didn’t attract us. We are sons of this soil. Yes, we have education but does education prepare a person only to be an officer?  Don’t we have any obligation to the soil that has made us what we are?” He also added that every educated individual shouldn’t be a job seeker. He continued that since his discipline was Agriculture, after his education he took the occupation of a farmer. In response to the question whether they have any frustrations to live in a village, he confirmed that they were very pleased with their life. He said, “I work in my own farm, stay with my family members, pass time with my old friends, and sleep at my own home. All these count a lot.” Mr Islam is right. Many people go to cities and forget or loosen their roots knowingly or unknowingly. Mr Islam and his brothers are great – they never forgot their roots. They not only stuck to their own roots, they have been torch bearers for others to be respectful of their own roots. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 Who is Mainul Islam? i) Teacher                ii) Farmer                     iii) Doctor                    iv) Agricultural officer How was Mr Islam? i) Brilliant student  ii) Middle student        iii) Bad student            iv) Normal student Where did he take his higher education? i) BAUM                ii)   DU                        RU                          iv)   BAUD What did he start? i) Gardening           ii) Fishing                    iii) Farming                    Swimming Who is a science teacher? Mainul’s younger brother                       ii) Mainum’s elder brother iii.  Rahim’s elder brother                             iv. Mainum’s younger brother Who are great? Mainum & his brothers                          ii) Mainul’s & brothers iii) Rahim & his brothers                             iv) only Mainul What do Mainul & his brothers like? service ii. village                      iii) roots                       iv) city life Mainul Islam took the occupation of a —. i) physician            ii) science teacher        iii) farmer                    iv) officer Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 Who is Mainul Islam? i) Teacher                ii) Farmer                     iii) Doctor                    iv) Agricultural officer How was Mr Islam? i) Brilliant student  ii) Middle student        iii) Bad student            iv) Normal student Where did he take his higher education? i) BAUM                ii)   DU                        RU                          iv)   BAUD What did he start? i) Gardening           ii) Fishing                    iii) Farming                    Swimming Who is a science teacher? Mainul’s younger brother                       ii) Mainum’s elder brother iii.  Rahim’s elder brother                             iv. Mainum’s younger brother Who are great? Mainum & his brothers                          ii) Mainul’s & brothers iii) Rahim & his brothers                             iv) only Mainul What do Mainul & his brothers like? service ii. village                      iii) roots                       iv) city life Mainul Islam took the occupation of a —. i) physician            ii) science teacher        iii) farmer                    iv) officer Extra Practices 1.         What is Mr Mainuls occupation? 2.         What did Mainul Islam want? 3.         Who never forgot their roots? 4.         Who was brilliant? 5.         Who have been torch bearers? 1.      a. ii) Farmer; b. i) Brilliant student; c. i) BAUM; d. iii) Fanning; e. i) Mainuls younger brother; f. ii) Mainul & his brothers; g. iii) roots; h. farmer. 2.      a. Mr Islam and his two brothers live in Noagaon. Mr Mainul Islam took higher education from Bangladesh Agricultural University in Mymensingh. After completing his higher education Mainul came back home and started advanced farming. He has two brothers. First one is science teacher in a local school, who is a Rajshahi University graduate. Second one is a local NGO worker, who is social science graduate.

Read the following passage and answer the question below:   Eld is the main religious festival of the Muslims in Bangladesh. Eid means happiness. Everyone wants to this happiness with near and dear ones. So the people, who are living outside their homes for different reasons have a strong desire to get back during the Eid vacation. As a result, there is a is a mad rush to board buses, trains, or launches for home. This often causes transport accidents take away many lives. However, these cannot people from going home to meet their family, in 'or friends. What makes people rush for their Times in spite of serious hazards? This is nothing but people’s desire to return to the roots. Do human beings have roots like the trees? The answer is 'yes' but unlike the roots of the trees they are invisible, they lie in our minds. It's these roots that make a bond between us and family members, in-laws, friends, neighbors or even between us and the land where we were born and grew up. In that sense our families, our land of birth, relatives, our culture, traditions, or surroundings are our roots. And wherever we stay, we feel the power of our roots. It's our roots that develop our identity making us what we are. When we lose that bond, we become rootless. Human beings who do not have any roots are a non- entity. In other words, they do not have an identity. They don't know where they are from, and/or where they are heading to. This often makes them feel empty and lost.   1. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives .   (a) A person who has no family bonding can be compared with – (i) vagabond         (ii) traveller (iii) messenger      (iv) ambassador Answer: (a) (i) vagabond   (b) Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word 'invisible'? (i) obscure (ii) hidden (iii) imperceptible . iv) undetectable Answer: (b) (ii) hidden   (c)  Which of the following best describes pull of roots? (i) Assistance of roots        (ii) Addition to roots (iii) Affection for roots       (iv) Attraction of roots Answer: (c) (iv) attraction of roots   (d) The rootless people can be termed as — (i) inhumane      (ii) responsible      (iii) friendly        (iv) Irresponsible Answer: (d) (iv) irresponsible   (e) Which of the following statements is true? (i) The ladies are eager to come back home during Eid festival (ii) Almost all people get back to their roots during Eid festival (iii) Some people go home during Eid festival (iv) The gents' get back home during Eid festivals Answer: (e) (ii) Almost all people get back their roots during Eid festival   (g) The synonym of the word 'rush' used in the passage is -, (i) dawdle      (ii) move violently    (iii) run          (iv) dart Answer: (f) (ii) move violently   (g) The main purpose of the writer of this passage is – (i)  To show the characteristics of rootless people (ii) To show the character of the people closely connected to their relatives (iii) To show the scene of the main religious festival of the Muslims (iv) To show the difference between the rootless people and the people having close connection with their families and relation. Answer: (g) (iv) To show the difference between the rootless people and the people having close connection with their families and relation   Extra Questions: (1) During Eid vacation transport accident is very — (i) rare     (ii) little      (iii) common       (iv) minor Answer: (1) (iii) common   (2) What is the meaning of Eid? (i) A feeling of joy                                    (ii) Enrichment (iii) Enhancement                                   (iv) Enchantment, Answer: (2) (i) A feeling of joy   (3) The roots at human beings lie in their ----- (i) home                                                  (ii) socially (iii) country                                            (iv) minor Answer: (3) (iv) minds   (4) Which one develops our identity? (i) our culture                                        (ii) our roots (iii) our religion                                     (iv) our environment Answer: (4) (ii) our roots   (5)The rootless have ( no hunger                                                             (i) no parents                 (ii) no identity (iii) not identify               (iv) entity Answer: (5) (iii) no identity (6) We get united with our relatives , (i) as a social being (ii) for our strong invisible bond (iii) for financial interest (iv) as a traditional rule of our society Answer: (6) (ii) for our strong invisible bond   (7) What does the phrase 'a mad rush' refer to in the passage? (i) a violent forward motion. (ii) a sudden feeling of intense pleasure. (iii) a wild hurry to go somewhere or to obtain something. . (iv) a burst of activity, productivity or speed. Answer: (7) (iii) a wild hurry to go somewhere or to obtain something   (8) 'And wherever we stay, we feel the power of our roots'- what does the word 'root' is meant here? (i) the source of something (ii) the lower part of something. (iii) the essential core (iv) a close relationship with our birth place, Answer: (8) (iv) a close relationship with our birth place   (9)  Which of the following best describes the people having no roots? (i) They are great patriot (ii) They have no identity (iii) They are irresponsible (iv) They have no relatives Answer: (9) (ii) They have no identity   (10) What does the phrase 'Strong desire' mean in line3? (i) willing                                                                   (ii) wish (iii) strong wish to have something               (iv) opinion Answer: (10) (iii) strong wish to have something   (11) What do you think the most suitable title of the passage? (i) our culture and tradition                  (ii) developing our identity (iii) Eid means happiness                       (iv) the pull of the roots Answer: (11) (iv) the pull of the roots   (12) Which of the following cannot stop people to meet their family during Eid? (i) Serious hazards                                   (ii) Financial problem (iii) Shortage of transport                     (iv) Ceaseless rain Answer: (12) (i) Serious hazards   2. Answer the following questions.   (a)  Give the reason why people become rootless. Answer: (a) People become rootless as they lose the bond with their families, land of birth, relatives, their culture, traditions or surroundings   (b)  Do you support the view "And wherever we stay, we have a continuous pull of our roots?" Explain in brief. . Answer: (b) I always feel a deep bond with my roots. I stay away from my family. But whenever I get time, I visit them. I always communicate with my family, my friends and near and dear ones.   (c) Who, according to the passage, is a nonentity? Answer: (c) According to the passage a person who does not have any root or context is a non-entity.   (d) Do you support the view that people having roots contribute to the promotion   of human Explain in 2/3 sentences.   Answer: (d) Yes, I support the view that people having roots contribute to the promotion of human civilization. It is our roots that develop our identity making us what we are. People having roots or identity work having values, humanity and social responsibilities and thus they contribute to the promotion of civilization.   (e)  What happened during Eid vacation? Why? Answer: (e) During Eid vacations there is a mad rush of people. This rush often causes transport accidents.   Extra Questions: (1) What are the roots of human beings? Answer: (1) Human beings have roots like trees and they are our family members, in-laws, neighbours. friends or even between us and the land where we were born and grew up. But these roots are invisible and they lie in our hearts. We always want to meet them.   (2)  How do you nourish your roots? Answer: (2) Our families, land of birth, relatives. culture, traditions or surroundings are roots. We nourish our roots keeping content with them in various ways and sharing our joys and happiness with them.   (3)  What is the reasons why people become rootless? Answer: (3) Root makes a bond between us and family members, in-laws, friends, neighbours even between us and the land where were born and grew up. But people become rootless because they lose the bond.     (4)  What in your idea about the significance of family and society in human life? Answer: (4) The significance of family and society in human life is immense. Without family and society, human beings have no identity. They are devoid of values, humanity and responsibility.   (5)  What happens when we become rootless? Answer: (5) When we become rootless, we lose our own identity. We feel that we are devoid of values, humanity and social responsibilities. Even we don't know where we are from or where we are heading to. And this makes us feel empty and lost.   (6)  Why do people desire to get back home during the Eid vacation? Answer: (6) Everyone wants to share the Eid happiness with their near and dear ones. That's why, people desire to get back home during the Eid vacation.   (7)What happens when people rush for their home during the Eid vacation? Answer: (7) During Eid vacation there is a mad rush in the buses, trains or launches for the home bound people. Because most of the people who live outside their homes for different reasons want to share the Eid happiness with their dear and near ones.   (8)  What makes people rush for their homes in spite of serious hazards? Answer: (8) People have a strong desire to share the Eid happiness with their near and dear ones. This desire makes people rush for their homes in spite of serious hazards   (9)  What you understand by the power of roots? Explain in 2/3 sentences. Answer: (9) Roots have strong power. They make a bond among ourselves and our relatives and the land where we were born. Above all, a man loses his identity, feels empty and lost when he becomes rootless.   (10)  What happens to transport during Eid vacations? Answer: (10) There is a mad rush in the transports and often causes accidents when people rush for their home during the Eid vacation. The accidents take away many lives.t in the career of Madhusudan Dutt as it earned him a huge reputation. Bangla Translation বাংলাদেশের মুসলমানদের প্রধান ধর্মীয় উৎসব ঈদ। ঈদ মানেই আনন্দ। সকলেই এই আনন্দ উপভোগ করতে চায় কাছের মানুষদের সাথে। তাই, যারা বিভিন্ন কারণে ঘরের বাইরে থাকেন, তাদের ঈদের ছুটিতে ফিরে আসার তীব্র আকাঙ্ক্ষা থাকে। ফলস্বরূপ, বাস, ট্রেন বা লঞ্চে ওঠার জন্য উন্মাদ তাড়াহুড়ো হয়। এর ফলে প্রায়শই পরিবহন দুর্ঘটনা ঘটে অনেকের প্রাণহানি ঘটে। তবে, মানুষ তাদের পরিবার, আত্মীয়স্বজন বা বন্ধুদের সাথে দেখা করতে বাড়ি যেতে পারে না। গুরুতর বিপদ সত্ত্বেও মানুষ তাদের সময়ের জন্য তাড়াহুড়ো করে কেন? এটি মানুষের শিকড়ে ফিরে যাওয়ার আকাঙ্ক্ষা ছাড়া আর কিছুই নয়। মানুষের কি গাছের মতো শিকড় থাকে? উত্তর হল 'হ্যাঁ' কিন্তু গাছের শিকড়ের বিপরীতে, তারা অদৃশ্য, আমাদের মনে থাকে। এই শিকড়গুলিই আমাদের এবং পরিবারের সদস্যদের, শ্বশুরবাড়ির, বন্ধুবান্ধব, প্রতিবেশীদের এমনকি আমাদের এবং আমাদের জন্ম ও বেড়ে ওঠার ভূমির মধ্যে একটি বন্ধন তৈরি করে। সেই অর্থে আমাদের পরিবার, আমাদের জন্মভূমি, আত্মীয়স্বজন, আমাদের সংস্কৃতি, ঐতিহ্য বা পারিপার্শ্বিকতাই আমাদের শিকড়। আর আমরা যেখানেই থাকি না কেন, আমরা আমাদের শিকড়ের শক্তি অনুভব করি। আমাদের শিকড়ই আমাদের পরিচয় গড়ে তোলে যা আমাদেরকে তৈরি করে। যখন আমরা সেই বন্ধন হারিয়ে ফেলি, তখন আমরা শিকড়হীন হয়ে পড়ি। যাদের কোনও শিকড় নেই, তারা অস্তিত্বহীন। অন্য কথায়, তাদের কোনও পরিচয় নেই। তারা জানে না তারা কোথা থেকে এসেছে, এবং/অথবা তারা কোথায় যাচ্ছে। এটি প্রায়শই তাদের শূন্যতা এবং হারিয়ে যাওয়ার অনুভূতি দেয়। Ad Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.               Eid is the main religious festival of the Muslims in Bangladeh. Eid` means happiness. Eveyone wants to share this happiness with their near and dear ones. So most of the people, who are living outside their home for different reasons have a strong desire to get back home during the Eid vacations. As a result, there is a mad rush in the buses, trains, or launches for the home-bound people. This often causes transport accidents that take away many lives. However, it cannot stop people’s desire to meet their family, in-laws, or friends. What makes people rush for their homes in spite of serious hazards? This is the pull of the roots. Do human beings have roots like the trees? The answer is ‘yes’ but unlike the roots of the trees they are invisible, they lie in our minds. It’s these roots that make a bond between us and family members, in-laws, friends, neighbours or even between us and the the land where we were born and grew up. In that sense our families, land of birth, relatives, our culture, traditions, or surroundings are our roots. And whereever we stay, we have a continuous pull of our roots. It’s our roots that develop our identity making us what we are. When we lose that bond, we become rootless. A human being who doesn’t have any roots or context, is a non entity. In other words, he or she doesn’t have any own identity. Such a person is devoid of values, humanity, and social responsibilities. The person doesn’t know where he or she is from, and/or where he or she is heading towards. This often makes the person feel empty and lost. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 Who celebrate the Eid festival? i) Muslims              ii)   Christians              iii) Buddhists              iv)  Hindus People become desperate to —- during Eid vacation. i) leave home           ii) leave the country     iii) leave the station      iv) get back home A mad rush is found everywhere for the — people. i) . village-bound ii)  home-bound           iii) town-bound            iv)  Dhaka-bound What happens is nothing but—. i)  the pull of the roots                                 ii)  the fascination iii) the call of parents                                   iv) the push of the roots Nothing is able to stop people’s desire to —. i) meet their family, in-laws and friends ii) meet friends iii) meet parents       iv) meet neighbours The roots lie in our —. i) minds                 ii)   lands                      iii) legs                         iv)  feet The mad rush causes — accidents. i) road                    ii)  transport                 iii) bus                         iv)  train Extra Practices Everybody would like to share the —. i) sufferings           ii)  pangs                      iii) sorrows                  iv)  happiness The roots of the trees are —. i) invisible              ii)  visible                     iii) unvisible                iv)  nonvisible People become — when they lose the bond. i) rootless               ii)  toothless                 iii) unhappy                 iv)   serious Eid is the religious festival of the ——. (i) Muslims              (ii) Christians               (iii) Hindus                  (iv) Buddhists People become serious to —— during Eid vacation.                 (i) leave home          (ii) get back home        (iii) leave the country   (iv) leave the station Eid is the main religious — of the Muslims in Bangladesh. (i) organisation         (ii) festival                   (iii) glad                       (iv) occassion Every people wants to share their happiness with their —. (i) near ones             (ii) near and dear ones  (iii) their relatives        (iv) their neighbours 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         Why is a mad rush found in the transport? b)         What do you mean by Eid? c)         What happens when any person does not have any own identity? d)         What do people do during Eid vacation? e)         Why do they get back home?   Extra Practices 1.         Who is a non-entity? 2.         When do we become rootless? 3.         What is the condition of a non entity? 4.         What does everyone want to share? 5.         Do human beings have roots like the trees? Ad 1.      a. i) Muslim; b. iv) get back home; c. ii) home-bound; d. i) the pull of the roots; e. i) meet their family, in-laws and friends; f. i) minds; g. ii) transport; h. iv) happiness; i. ii) visible; j. i) rootless; k. (i); l. (ii); m. (iii) festival n. (iii) near and dear ones. 2.      a. A mad rush is found in the transport for the home-bound people. Eid means happiness. It is the main religious festival of the Muslims. When any person does not have any identity, he is devoid of values, humanity and social responsibilities. People try their best to get back home during the Eid vacation. They get back home as they want to share the Eid happiness with their near and dear ones.

Read the following passage and answer the questions below: Countries of the world rely heavily on petroleum, coal and natural gas for their energy sources. There are two major types of energy sources: renewable and nonrenewable. Hydro--carbon or fossil fuels are nonrenewable sources of energy. Reliance on them poses real big problems. First, fossil fuels such as oil, coal, gas etc., are finite energy (watch 75) resources and the world eventually will run out (PRUCH NIC) of them. Secondly, they will become too expensive (N91) in the coming decades and too damaging for the environment. Thirdly, fossil fuels have direct impact on earth's environment causing global warming. In contrast, renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy are constantly and naturally replenished and never run out. Most renewable energy comes directly or indirectly from the sun. Sunlight and solar energy can be used for heating and lighting homes, for generating electricity and for other commercial and industrial uses. The sun's heat drives the wind and this wind energy can be captured with wind turbines to produce electricity. Then the wind and the sun's heat cause water to evaporate. When the water vapors turns into rain or snow and flows downhill into rivers or streams, its energy can be captured as hydroelectric energy. Along with the rain and snow, sunlight causes plants to grow. Plants produce biomass which again can be turned into fuels such as fire wood, alcohol, etc. identified as bio energy. Scientists have identified Hydrogen as another form of renewable energy source. It is the most abundant element in nature. But it does not exist separately as a gas. It is always combined with other elements, such as with oxygen to make water. Hydrogen, separated from another element, can be turned as a fuel to produce electricity. Our Earth's interior contains molten lava which gives off extreme heat. This heat inside the Earth produces steam and hot water which can be trapped as geothermal energy to produce electricity for heating homes, etc. Ocean energy comes from several sources. Ocean's force of tide and wave can be used to produce energy. The surface of the ocean gets more heat from the sun than the ocean depths. This temperature difference can be used as energy source too. Multiple Choice Question 1. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. (a) The word 'captured' in the passage can be best replaced be (i) imprisoned (ii) arrested (iii) encapsulated (iv) trapped Answer: ( (a) (iv) trapped (b) What does the sun's heat do to the wind? (i) capture (ii) govern (iii) protect (iv) drive Answer: (b) (iv) drive (c) 'Countries of the world rely heavily on petroleum' here the underlined word means -- (i) trust (ii) believe (iii) depend (iv) confide Answer: c) (iii) depend (d) Which of the following has the closest meaning of the phrase 'run out'? (i) start (ii) pause (iii) begin (iv) finish Answer: (d) (iv) finish (e) Which source of energy is cost--effective? (i) natural gas (ii) hydro carbon (iii) petroleum (iv) solar energy Answer: (e) (iv) solar energy (f) Which of the following is opposite in meaning to the word 'replenish'? (i) restock (ii) recollect (iii) restore (iv) deplete Answer: (f) (iv) deplete (g) What is the main purpose of the author of  this text? (i) suggesting people to use fossil fuels as much as possible (ii) Advising us to find newer mines of coal, petroleum and gas. (iii) To highlight our dependence on coal, oil and gas.. (iv) Showing the vast and reliable prospect of  power generation Answer: (g) (iv) Showing the vast and reliable prospect of  power generation Extra Questions: (1)  The word 'replenish' stands for----. (i) continuously exhausted                        (ii) fill up again (iii) finish                                                       (iv) flow Answer: (1) (ii) fill up again   (2) Oil, gas and coal are called ----. (i) fossil fuels             (ii) hydro-carbon (iv) solar  energy        (iv) renewable energy Answer: (2) (i) fossil fuels   (3)  ---- cause global warning. (i) Green energies                                   (ii) Solar energies (iii) Fossil fuels                                      (iv) Nothing Answer: (3) (iii) Fossil fuels   (4)  Hydrogen and oxygen are used to make----. (i) fuel       (ii) oil          (iii) gas          (iv) water Answer: (4) (iv) water   (5) --- is the source of renewable energy. (i) The moon                 (ii) The wind (iii) The sun                   (iv) Oil Answer: (5) (iii) The sun   (6) The real big problem are enacted depending on ----. (i) petroleum and coal                           (ii) natural gas (iii) renewable sources of energy     (iv) non-renewable sources of energy Answer: (6) (iv) non-renewable sources of energy   (7) Which energy sources do the countries of the world depend on? (i) Petroleum                  (ii) Coal (iii) Natural gas              (iv) All stated above Answer: (7) (iv) All stated above   (8) Hydro carbon is –--.­­­ (i) Renewable                 (ii) non renewable (iii) partly renewable   (iv) none of them Answer: (8) (i) Renewable   (9) Which one of the following refers to renewable energy? (i) fossil oil                    (ii) solar energy (iii) coal to                      (iv) natural. Answer: (9) (ii) solar energy   (10)  'Reliance on them poses real big problem'. Here 'Reliance' is used as a ----. (i) verb                          (ii) adverb (iii) noun                      (iv) adjective Answer: (10) (iii) noun   (11) Hydroelectric energy, bioenergy hydrogen geothermal energy and ocean energy comprise (i) Renewable energy source (ii) great assets (iii) non renewable energy source (iv) polling factors in the world Answer: (11) (i) renewable energy source (12) The word 'renewable' refers to--, (i) fit to be renewable (ii) repairable (iii) indirect (iv) natural Answer: (12) (iv) natural (13) The sun is responsible ----, (i) for causing evaporation of sea water a then rain (ii) for our environment pollution (iii) for nonrenewable energy source (iv) for causing shortage of sea water Answer: (13) (i) for causing evaporation of sea water and then rain (14) The word 'finite' means -- (i) limited (ii) unlimited (iii) enough (iv) sufficient Answer: (14) (i) limited   (15)  Which  of the following are non-renewable sources of energy? (i) sun and wind                                      (ii) rain and snow (iii)wind and water                                 (iv) hydrocarbon and fossil fuels Answer: (15) (iv) hydrocarbon and fossil fuels   (16) Eventually means -- (i) finally (ii) stale (iii) consecutive (iv) boring Answer: (16) (i) finally (17) Impact means -- (i) sandwich (ii) effect (iii) aliment (iv) suction Answer: (17) (ii) effect (18) abundant means – (i) moisten (ii) clamor (iii) gainsay (iv) plentiful Answer: (18) (iv) plentiful (19) Interior means (i) center (ii) potluck (iii) significant (iv) enriched Answer: (19) (i) center (20) tremendous means -- (i) minimum (i) normal (iii) extreme (iv) medium Answer: (20) (iii) extreme (21) Contain means — (i) enthusiasm (ii) esteem (iii) achieved (iv) include Answer: (21) (iv) include (22) Molten means — (i)renal (ii) putrid . (iii) defeated (iv) surface Answer: (22) (ii) putrid (23) What are two of types? (i) coal (ii) natural gas (iii) energy (iv) energy  sources Answer: (23) (iv) energy sources (24) 'Run out' is a--, (i) doubt word (ii) phrase (iii) couple (iv) run out Answer: (24) (ii) phrase (25) The sun is the source of -- (i) gas (ii) natural gas (iii) renewable energy (iv) renewable Answer: (25) (iii) renewable energy (26) Wind and solar energy are --, (i) ended (ii) non--re (iii) constant are harmful to the environment and be eventually used up (iv) run on Answer: (26) (iii) constant are harmful to the environment and be eventually used up (27) Closest meaning of the word 'recto. line--3 is — (i) existence (ii) dependence (iii) competence (iv) prevalence Answer: (27) (ii) dependence (28) Dependence on nonrenewable so energy is not wise because these energy (i)are rare in the world (ii) are harmful to the environment and be eventually used up (iii) very expensive (iv) are difficult to use Answer: (28) (ii) are harmful to the environment and will eventually used up (29) Which of the following has the closest mess of the word 'heavily' used in the line 12 (i)Happily . (ii)Directly (iii) Certainly iv) greatly Answer: (29) (iv) greatly (30) What does the expression reliance on them poses real big problem' in line 3 mean? (i) dependence on renewable emperor sources will create great problems (ii) dependence on nonrenewable energy y sources create certain great problems (iii)to depend on natural power will create a dangerous situation (iv) to believe in the power of renewable power is Answer: (30) (ii) dependence on non-renewable energy sources create certain great problems (31) Renewable energy can be best termed as -- (i) finite (ii) fixed (iii)replenish able (iv) harmful Answer: (31) (iii) replenishable (32) The characteristics of hydrogen are (i) its plentifulness and combined existence (ii) its ability to create rain (iii) its ability to produce to Oxygen (iv) its great availability inside the earth Answer: (32) (i) its plentifulness and combined existence Short Question 2. Answer the following questions. (a)   What may happen if we rely solely on non-renewable energy sources? Answer:     (a) If we rely solely on non-renewable energy sources, we will face big problems. Firstly, these are finite energy resources and the world would eventually run out of them. Secondly, they will become very expensive. Thirdly, they have direct polluting impacts on earth's environment.   (b)   What is the necessity of solar energy? Answer:     (b) The necessity of solar energy is that it is infinite and can be used again and again. It costs nothing because it is a natural resource and it can be replenished as it never runs out.   (c)   How can we produce hydroelectric energy? Answer:    (c) Hydroelectric energy can be produced rivers or streams flow downhill at force by using turbine in the great current.   (d)   Do you think that wind and solar energy are constantly and naturally replenished? How? Answer:    (d) Yes, I think so. Because wind and sol energy are natural resources and they run out. Rather, they are constantly an naturally replenished. (e)   What are the major types of energy sources? Answer: (e) There are two major types of energy sources namely renewable and non-renewable.   Extra Questions: (1)   Hydro-carbon or fossil fuels are nonrenewable sources of energy." Explain In 2/3 sentences. Answer:  (1) Hydro-carbon or fossil fuels are not unlimited and will run out one day. They can never be replenished or reused. They cannot be renewed for further use.   (2)  What are fossil fuels? What are the types of energy sources? Answer:  (2) Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy. There are two types of energy sources. They are renewable and non-renewable.   (3)  What is global warming? What do you  know about hydrogen? Answer:  (3) Global warming is the increasing temperature in the atmosphere. Hydrogen is one kind of gas combined with other elements. It is a form of renewable energy.   (4)  What is hydro electric energy? Answer:  (4) Hydro electric energy is a renewable energy. It is produced by burning Hydrogen gas as a fuel.   (5)  How do non-renewable energy play negative environment? Answer:  (5) Non-renewable energy such as fossil fuels have direct polluting impacts on the environment. They cause global warming. 1                                           (6)  What are the positive features of renewable energy source? Answer:  (6) The positive features of renewable energy sources are that they are constantly and naturally replenished and never run out.   (7)  Where is the renewable energy used? Answer:  (7) Renewable energy is used for heating and lighting homes, for generating electricity and for other commercial and industrial uses.   (8 ) Why is solar energy so important? Answer:  (8)Solar energy is so important because it can be used for heating and lighting homes, for generating electricity and for other commercial and industrial uses.   (9)  Why will the fossil fuels become high expensive in the coming decades? Answer:  (9) The fossil fuels will become highly expensive in the coming decades because countries of the world rely heavily on them.   (10)  How can ocean crier be used to produce  energy? Answer:  (10) Ocean energy can be used to produce energy in different ways. Ocean's force of tide and wave can be used to produce energy. Besides, w the temperature of the surface water of the ocean can be used as energy source.   (11) Do you think, we should cut down our trees for non-renewable energy? Why/ Why not? Answer:    (11) No, we should not cut down our tree non-renewable energy. We should find the way how to use renewable energy to go ourselves and also our country.   (12) Why the renewable energy sources are limitless? Explain in brief, Should we use that? Answer: (12) The renewable energy sources are limit It is related to nature. Nature is vast when has no limit. We should use that as they are renewable and environment friendly.   (13)Which resources should we use to produce energy? Why should we use that? Answer: (13) We should use renewable sources to produce energy. We should use that to save our money, ourselves and also our country.   (14) How do non-renewable sources of energy pose a great threat to the environment? Answer: 1(4) Non-renewable sources of energy pose great threat to the environment as they are not environment friendly. They produce carbon dioxide which is harmful for the environment.   (15)"Reliance on them poses real big problem." Explain. Answer: (15) The quotation is about non-renewable energy sources. Our reliance on them poses a big problem as they are not environment friendly. They are responsible for global warming.   (16)   What is the function of sun's heat? Answer: (16) The sun's heat drives the wind, the energy of which can be captured with wind turbines to produce electricity   (17)   Why are the wind and solar energy constant? Answer: (17) The wind and solar energy are constant because they do not run out.   (18)   What does water vapor do? Answer:    (18) Water vapour turns into rain or snow, and flows downhill into rivers or streams.   (19)   Renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun. What does the writer want to  mean by the sentence? Explain 2/3 sentence.   Answer:(19) By the sentence the writer wants to mean that the sun is the major source of renewable energy. Sun light is infinite and never suns out. It is naturally replenished. (20)  What are according to the passage the sources of renewable energy? Answer: (20) According to the passage the sources of renewable energy are sunlight, wind, hydrogen, bioenergy and geothermal energy.   (21)  Do you support the idea that we should renewable energy source as  Alternative to fossil fuels? Why Why not? Explain in 2/3  sentence, Answer: (21) Yes, I support the idea that we should utilize the renewable energy source as alternative to fossil fuels as renewable energy is constantly and naturally replenished and will never run out. utilize ( (22 ) What do you mean by renewable energy sources? Answer:  (22) Renewable energy sources are such things which can naturally be replenished. They never run out and one can use these sources again and again.   (23)  How will the fossil fuels be in near future  and what will they do to the environment? Answer:  (23)The fossil fuels will be very expensive in near future and they will be very much damaging for the environment to repair.   (24)  What are the major differences between  renewable and non-renewable   energy sources? Answer:  (24) Renewable energy sources never end but non-renewable energy sources end. Renewable energy sources do not pollute the environment but non-renewable energy sources pollute the environment extensively and cause global warming. These are the major differences between renewable and non-renewable energy sources.   (25)  Do you think we should cut down our uses of non-renewable fuels? Why? Why not? Answer:  (25) Yes, I think we should cut down our uses of non-renewable fuels, Non-renewable energy sources are very damaging for the environment. They are highly polluting the environment and causing global warming and for this we will have to suffer in near future. So, we should cut down our uses of non-renewable energy sources. Bangla Translation বিশ্বের দেশগুলি তাদের শক্তির উৎসের জন্য পেট্রোলিয়াম, কয়লা এবং প্রাকৃতিক গ্যাসের উপর ব্যাপকভাবে নির্ভর করে। দুটি প্রধান ধরণের শক্তির উৎস রয়েছে: নবায়নযোগ্য এবং অ-নবায়নযোগ্য। হাইড্রো--কার্বন বা জীবাশ্ম জ্বালানি হল নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তির উৎস। এগুলোর উপর নির্ভরতা সত্যিই বড় সমস্যা তৈরি করে। প্রথমত, তেল, কয়লা, গ্যাস ইত্যাদি জীবাশ্ম জ্বালানি হল সীমিত শক্তির (ঘড়ি 75) সম্পদ এবং অবশেষে বিশ্বে এগুলো ফুরিয়ে যাবে (PRUCH NIC)। দ্বিতীয়ত, আগামী দশকগুলিতে এগুলো খুব ব্যয়বহুল (N91) হয়ে যাবে এবং পরিবেশের জন্য খুব ক্ষতিকর। তৃতীয়ত, জীবাশ্ম জ্বালানির পৃথিবীর পরিবেশের উপর সরাসরি প্রভাব পড়ে যা বিশ্ব উষ্ণায়নের কারণ হয়। বিপরীতে, বায়ু এবং সৌরশক্তির মতো নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তির উৎসগুলি ক্রমাগত এবং প্রাকৃতিকভাবে পুনরায় পূরণ করা হয় এবং কখনও ফুরিয়ে যায় না। বেশিরভাগ নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তি সরাসরি বা পরোক্ষভাবে সূর্য থেকে আসে। সূর্যের আলো এবং সৌরশক্তি ঘরবাড়ি গরম এবং আলোকিত করার জন্য, বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদনের জন্য এবং অন্যান্য বাণিজ্যিক ও শিল্প ব্যবহারের জন্য ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে। সূর্যের তাপ বাতাসকে চালিত করে এবং এই বায়ু শক্তিকে বায়ু টারবাইন দিয়ে বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদনের জন্য গ্রহণ করা যেতে পারে। তারপর বাতাস এবং সূর্যের তাপ জলকে বাষ্পীভূত করে। যখন জলীয় বাষ্প বৃষ্টি বা তুষারে রূপান্তরিত হয় এবং নদী বা স্রোতে প্রবাহিত হয়, তখন এর শক্তি জলবিদ্যুৎ শক্তি হিসেবে ধারণ করা যেতে পারে। বৃষ্টি এবং তুষারের সাথে সাথে, সূর্যালোক উদ্ভিদের বৃদ্ধি ঘটায়। উদ্ভিদ জৈববস্তু উৎপন্ন করে যা আবার জ্বালানিতে পরিণত হতে পারে যেমন আগুন কাঠ, অ্যালকোহল ইত্যাদি যা জৈব শক্তি হিসেবে চিহ্নিত। বিজ্ঞানীরা হাইড্রোজেনকে নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তির আরেকটি রূপ হিসেবে চিহ্নিত করেছেন। এটি প্রকৃতিতে সবচেয়ে প্রাচুর্যপূর্ণ উপাদান। কিন্তু এটি আলাদাভাবে গ্যাস হিসেবে বিদ্যমান নেই। এটি সর্বদা অন্যান্য উপাদানের সাথে মিলিত হয়ে জল তৈরি করে। হাইড্রোজেন, অন্য উপাদান থেকে পৃথক, বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদনের জন্য জ্বালানি হিসেবে পরিণত হতে পারে। আমাদের পৃথিবীর অভ্যন্তরে গলিত লাভা রয়েছে যা চরম তাপ নির্গত করে। পৃথিবীর অভ্যন্তরে এই তাপ বাষ্প এবং গরম জল উৎপন্ন করে যা ভূ-তাপীয় শক্তি হিসেবে আটকে রেখে ঘরবাড়ি গরম করার জন্য বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদন করা যেতে পারে ইত্যাদি। মহাসাগরের শক্তি বিভিন্ন উৎস থেকে আসে। মহাসাগরের জোয়ার-ভাটার শক্তি শক্তি উৎপাদনের জন্য ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে। সমুদ্রের পৃষ্ঠ সমুদ্রের গভীরতার চেয়ে সূর্য থেকে বেশি তাপ গ্রহণ করে। এই তাপমাত্রার পার্থক্য শক্তির উৎস হিসেবেও ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে। Ad Ad Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it Countries of the world rely heavily on petroleum, coal and natural gas for their energy sources. There are two major types of energy sources: renewable and non-renewable. Hydro-carbon or fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy. Reliance on them poses real big problems. First, fossil fuels such as oil, coal, gas etc, are finite energy resources and the world eventually will run out of them. Secondly, they will become too expensive in the coming decades and too damaging for the environment to repair. Thirdly, fossil fuels have direct polluting impacts on earth’s environment causing global warming. In contrast, renewable energy sources such as, wind and solar energy are constantly and naturally replenished and never run out. Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun. Sunlight or solar energy can be used for heating and lighting homes, for generating electricity and for other commercial and industrial uses. The sun’s heat drives the wind and this wind energy can be captured with wind turbines to produce electricity. Then the wind and the sun’s heat cause water to evaporate. When this water vapour turns into rain or snow and flows downhill into rivers or streams, its energy can be captured as hydroelectric energy. Along with the rain and snow, sunlight causes plants to grow. Plants produce biomass which again can be turned into fuels such as fire wood, alcohol, etc identified as bioenergy. Scientists have identified Hydrogen as another form of renewable energy source. It is the most abundant element in nature. But it does not exist separately as a gas. It is always combined with other elements, such as with oxygen to make water. Hydrogen, separated from another element, can be burned as a fuel to produce electricity. Our Earth’s interior contains molten lava with tremendous heat. This heat inside the Earth produces steam and hot water which can be tapped as geothermal energy to produce electricity, for heating home, etc. Ocean energy comes from several sources. Ocean’s force of tide and wave can be used to produce energy. The surface of the ocean gets more heat from the sun than the ocean depths. This temperature difference can be used as energy source too. (Source: the Internet)   1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         How many types of energy sources are there? i) four ii) two                          iii) three                       iv) five b)         What does the phrase ‘run out’ mean in the above passage? i) finish ii) start                         iii) end                         iv) begin c)         The sun is a constant—-. i) natural source of heat and light ii) radiation iii) electricity                                               iv) heat and light d)         Renewable energy sources do not damage—-. i) the mill ii) the river                   iii) the environment     iv) heat and light e)         What is separated from another element? i.Oxygen              ii.   Hydrogen iii. Chlorine                               iv.   HCL. f)          Modern day wind turbines produce —. i.electricity        ii.   vapour iii. flow         iv.   steam g)         What is geothermal energy? i.Heat from deep within the earth             ii.   Heat from deep within the sky. iii. flows downhill                                        iv.   hydroelectric energy. 2.Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What are renewable energy sources? b)         Which sources are costly? c)         What does our earth’s interior contain? d)         How many elements remain in water? e)         How is Hydrogen separated from another element? Extra Practices 1.         How can hydroelectric energy be captured? 2.         Why/How does the most renewable energy come from the sun? 3.         Which elements do plants need to grow? 4.         From where do we get biomass? 5.         Why do renewable energy sources never run out? 1.      a. ii) two; b. finish c. i) natural source of heat and light; d. iii) the environment; e.ii) Hydrogen; f. i) electricity; g. i) Heat from deep within the earth; h. ii) hydroelectricity. 2.      a) Renewable energy sources are the energy sources which are constantly and naturally replenished and will never run out. Sun, wind, flowing water, biomass, geothermal energy are sources of renewable energy. b) Non-renewable energy sources are costly. Fossil, oil, coal, gas etc. are non-renewable energy sources. c) Our Earth’s interior contains molten lava with tremendous heat. d) Hydrogen and Oxygen remain in water. e) Hydrogen is separated from another element. It is the most abundant element in nature. But it does not exist separately as a gas. It can be burned as a fuel to produce electricity.

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                 In a speech at the 90th Science Congress, internationally acknowledged scientist and former Indian president Mr APJ Abdul Kalam mentioned a very important aspect of mankind’s future energy crisis. He pointed out that the era of wood and bio-mass has almost come to an end. The age of oil and natural gas would soon be over within the next few decades. Massive burning of world’s coal reserves may lead to a worldwide ecological disaster because coal burning emits the highest amount of carbon in the atmosphere. Ukraine’s (former Soviet Union) Chernobyl disaster in 1986 has exposed that nuclear energy can be potentially dangerous too. So according to Kalam, the only solution that mankind can look to is the massive use of solar energy in future because it has some advantages over other forms of renewable energies. Now why has Kalam put so much importance to the issue of energy? The energy sources have always been a major factor of change throughout history. The world’s petroleum consumption has increased from annually 3 billion barrels in 1930 to annually 50 billion barrels today. In the next quarter century, the world’s population is expected to be about 8 billion which is 30 percent higher than today. Developing countries will grow their economies about two times faster than industrialised countries. Global economic growth is expected to continue at 3 percent per year. Consequently, the global demand for energy will grow at about 1.7 percent per year on an average. It indicates a 50 percent rise of energy consumption by 2030. If the world’s daily petroleum consumption is 220 million barrels now, it will rise to 335 million barrels by that time. The present reserve of hydro-carbon energy resources is limited and it will not be sufficient to meet the future energy challenges of the world. And hence, leading industrial countries have taken initiatives to tap alternative energy sources mainly known as green or renewable energy sources. The bottom line of Kalam’s speech indicates that concern of mankind in 21st century.   1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         What did Mr APJ mention about at the 90th Science Congress? i) Future energy problem                           ii)  Future energy cost iii) Future energy elements                           iv) Energy necessity b)         Here wood indicates—. i) furniture wood     ii)  fire wood                iii) wood of science     iv) wood fossil c)         Why will be there fuel crisis? Because —. i) its store is limited                                    ii)  it is very costly iii) Bangladesh has no oil mine                    iv) it is very useful thing d)         The only solution, according to Kalam, is to use —. i) green energy ii)  bio gas                    iii) wood energy           iv) hydro-carbon energy e)         What does Kalam put so much importance on? i) wood                  ii) natural                     iii) issue of energy       iv) Science Congress f)          What is global economic growth? i) 50 per cent          ii) 30 per cent               iii) 3 percent                iv) 1.7 per cent g)         In 2030 the rise of energy consumption will be —- million barrels. i) 335                       ii) 220                        iii) 50                           iv) 117   Extra Practices h)         The present reserve of hydro-carbon—. i) is sufficient                                            ii) is much iii) is not according to our need                    iv) is not insufficient i)          Green energy can be got from —. i) the ocean            ii) the sun                     iii) the hydro-carbon    iv) natural gas j)          The world needs—. i) green energy       ii) water                       iii) gas                          iv) tree   Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What is Science Congress? b)         Who is Mr APJ Abdul Kalam? c)         What did Mr APJ point out? d)         What were the scientists afraid of? e)         What may cause ecological disaster? Extra Practices a)         Why can mankind look to the massive use of solar energy? b)         How is global economic growth expected? c)         What will be the energy consumption by 2030? d)         How is the present reserve of hydro-carbon energy resources? e)         May solar energy be called green energy? Answer: 1.      a, i) Future energy problem; b. ii) fire wood; c. i) its store is limited; d. i) green energy; e, iii) issue of energy; f. iii) 3 per cent; g. i) 335; h. iii) is not according to our need; i. ii) the sun; j. i) green energy. 2.      a. Science Congress is an organization where the scientists express their research activities. Mr APJ Abdul Kalam is the former president of India. Mr APJ pointed out the necessity of green energy. The scientists were afraid of the shortage of energy in the coming decades. Massive burning of world’s coal reserves may cause ecological disaster. Mankind can look to the massive use of solar energy because it has some advantages over other forms of renewable energy. Global economic growth is expected to continue at 3 per cent per year. Bangla Translation ৯০তম বিজ্ঞান কংগ্রেসে এক বক্তৃতায় আন্তর্জাতিকভাবে খ্যাতিসম্পন্ন বিজ্ঞানী এবং ভারতের প্রাক্তন রাষ্ট্রপতি জনাব এপিজে আব্দুল কালাম মানবজাতির ভবিষ্যৎ জ্বালানি সংকটের একটি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ দিক উল্লেখ করেছেন। তিনি উল্লেখ করেছেন যে কাঠ এবং জৈব পদার্থের যুগ প্রায় শেষ হয়ে এসেছে। তেল এবং প্রাকৃতিক গ্যাসের যুগ শীঘ্রই আগামী কয়েক দশকের মধ্যে শেষ হয়ে যাবে। বিশ্বের কয়লা মজুদের ব্যাপক পোড়ানো বিশ্বব্যাপী পরিবেশগত বিপর্যয়ের দিকে নিয়ে যেতে পারে কারণ কয়লা পোড়ানো বায়ুমণ্ডলে সর্বাধিক পরিমাণে কার্বন নির্গত করে। ১৯৮৬ সালে ইউক্রেনের (প্রাক্তন সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়ন) চেরনোবিল দুর্ঘটনা প্রকাশ করেছে যে পারমাণবিক শক্তিও সম্ভাব্য বিপজ্জনক হতে পারে। তাই কালামের মতে, মানবজাতির একমাত্র সমাধান হল ভবিষ্যতে সৌরশক্তির ব্যাপক ব্যবহার কারণ এর অন্যান্য ধরণের নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তির তুলনায় কিছু সুবিধা রয়েছে। এখন কালাম কেন শক্তির বিষয়টিকে এত গুরুত্ব দিয়েছেন? ইতিহাস জুড়ে শক্তির উৎসগুলি সর্বদা পরিবর্তনের একটি প্রধান কারণ হয়ে দাঁড়িয়েছে। বিশ্বের পেট্রোলিয়াম ব্যবহার ১৯৩০ সালে বার্ষিক ৩ বিলিয়ন ব্যারেল থেকে বেড়ে আজ বার্ষিক ৫০ বিলিয়ন ব্যারেলে দাঁড়িয়েছে। আগামী একুশ শতকে বিশ্বের জনসংখ্যা প্রায় ৮ বিলিয়ন হবে বলে আশা করা হচ্ছে, যা আজকের তুলনায় ৩০ শতাংশ বেশি। উন্নয়নশীল দেশগুলি শিল্পোন্নত দেশগুলির তুলনায় তাদের অর্থনীতির প্রবৃদ্ধি প্রায় দ্বিগুণ দ্রুততর করবে। বৈশ্বিক অর্থনৈতিক প্রবৃদ্ধি প্রতি বছর ৩ শতাংশ হারে অব্যাহত থাকবে বলে আশা করা হচ্ছে। ফলস্বরূপ, বিশ্বব্যাপী জ্বালানির চাহিদা প্রতি বছর গড়ে প্রায় ১.৭ শতাংশ হারে বৃদ্ধি পাবে। এটি ২০৩০ সালের মধ্যে জ্বালানি খরচ ৫০ শতাংশ বৃদ্ধির ইঙ্গিত দেয়। যদি বিশ্বের দৈনিক পেট্রোলিয়াম ব্যবহার বর্তমানে ২২০ মিলিয়ন ব্যারেল হয়, তবে ততক্ষণে তা ৩৩৫ মিলিয়ন ব্যারেল পর্যন্ত বৃদ্ধি পাবে। হাইড্রো-কার্বন জ্বালানি সম্পদের বর্তমান মজুদ সীমিত এবং এটি বিশ্বের ভবিষ্যতের জ্বালানি চ্যালেঞ্জ মোকাবেলায় যথেষ্ট হবে না। এবং তাই, শীর্ষস্থানীয় শিল্পোন্নত দেশগুলি প্রধানত সবুজ বা পুনর্নবীকরণযোগ্য জ্বালানি উৎস হিসাবে পরিচিত বিকল্প জ্বালানি উৎসগুলি ব্যবহার করার উদ্যোগ নিয়েছে। কালামের বক্তৃতার মূল কথাটি একবিংশ শতাব্দীতে মানবজাতির উদ্বেগের ইঙ্গিত দেয়। Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                  Partha Pratim Majumder was born in 1954 in Pabna to a family of artistes. He spent most of his early years in his ancestral home, one of the biggest houses, situated in a small locality known as Kalachandpara. At that time Kalachandpara was well known for its cultural activities. There were festivals and various types of cultural shows round the year. Majumder’s father, a photographer by profession was an art lover. He taught and inspired his son to appreciate different forms of art. Majumder went to live with his aunt in Chandernagar, 30 kilometres away from Kolkata in 1966. It was there that he first came across a mime artiste named Jogesh Dutta. The way Dutta  narrated  stories without uttering a single word, left Majumder spellbound. He took lessons on mime from Dutta in Jogesh Dutta’s mime academy in Kolkata from 1966 to 1972. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         Majumder went to ----- live with his aunt. (i) Chandpur            (ii) Chanderhat            (iii) Chandernagar        (iv) Chunasughat b)         Majumder’s ----- was a photographer. (i) father                  (ii) brother                   (iii) uncle                     (iv) cousin c)         The birth place of Partha Pratim is -----. (i) Patna                   (ii) Pabna                     (iii) Paharpur               (iv) Parbatipur d)         He was highly inspired by his -----. (i) father                  (ii) mother                   (iii) sister                     (iv) brother e)         Chandernagar is ----- away from Kolkata. (i) forty kms.            (ii) thirty kms.              (iii) thiry miles.            (iv) fifty kms. f)          Majumder was born in -----. (i) 1954                    (ii) 1945                      (iii) 1950                     (iv) 1854 g)         His father was born in -----. (i) artist                    (ii) art lover                 (iii) honest man            (iv) educationist   Extra Practices h)         ----- was well-known for its cultural activities. (i) Kalyanpur           (ii) Kalachandpara       (iii) Khamarpara          (iv) Kamarkhali i)          He went to Chandernagar in -----. (i) 1996                    (ii) 1966                      (iii) 1954                                 (iv) 1960 j)          Majumder took lessons on ----- from Dutta. (i) mime                   (ii) sports                     (iii) photography          (iv) drawing   Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         Why did Majumder go to Chandernagar? b)         Who inspired him to appreciate different forms of art? c)         Where did he take lessons on mime from Dutta? d)         What was Majumder’s father? e)         What made Majumder spellbound?   Extra Practices 1.         When was Partha Pratim Majumder born? 2.         Where did he spend most of his early years? 3.         What was Kalachandpara well known for? 4.         Where was Chandernagar? 5.         Did Partha take lessons on mime? 1.      a. ii) the land owner; b. iv) the Archeological Survey of India; c. iv) 1991; d. ii) Pre-liberation; e. ii) southern Asia. f. (iii); g. (i); 2.      a. Paharpur is in Naogaon district of northern Bangladesh The Department of Archaeology of Bangladesh brought the site under further excavation after independence. Expeditions revealed the architectural site of a vast Buddhist monastery, the Somapura Mahavihara. Somapura Mahavihara was built during 781-821 AD. Cunningham found the ruins of a square tower to 22 feet side with projection in the middle of each side from the top of central hill. Paharpur is situated in a village named ‘Paharpur’ in Naogaon district of northern Bangladesh. Clay seals indicates that the site was built by the second Pala king. Ad Ad

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                Sohan lives in a village in the south-west part of Bangladesh. Last night he could not sleep. His sister had the SSC exam next morning. She could not read either. There was-load shedding. The summer night being sticky hot, life became hell without electricity. Most of their area remained dark for hours due to power shortage. In May-June, temperature shoots up to 40 degree Celsius. With almost 90 per cent of humidity in the atmosphere, it becomes all sweat, wet, damp and stinky. When you are busy fanning yourself all the time, how come you concentrate on studies? In the night it is impossible to sit in the study with a candle light or table lamp or hurricane lamp or a rural kerosene lamp. People simply come out of houses almost bare-bodied and sit in the open places. Some splash cold water on their faces. Fans are still, lamps are out and it is dark everywhere. It is simply unbearable. What is the reason of frequent load-shedding? Press reports say there is a shortage in electricity production. According to the Power development authorities, the current demand for electricity is more than 6,000 MW* a day while the supply remains around 4,200 MW. In the rural areas, the Rural Electrification Board (REB) can supply barely half of the total demand which is around 2,400 MW per day. In the capital city, the demand stands at around 1,400 MW while the supply amounts to 650 MW. As a result, load shedding is unavoidable. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         The reason of Sohan’s sister’s inability to read that night was —. i) Sohan’s disturbance                                ii) lack of load-shedding           ; iii) lack of electricity                                    iv)  her own intention b)         Increase of temperature upto 40°C occurs —. i) throughout the whole year                       ii)  at the time of load-shedding iii) during the SSC exam                              iv)  in the summer c)         How is the situation of the supply of electricity in term of demand? i) consistent           ii)  insufficient             iii) over-flowing          iv)  enough d)         The weather in summer is —. i) intolerable ii)  unavoidable            iii) impossible              iv)  very pleasant e)         Load-shedding is — affair now-a-days. i) rare ii)  uncommon             iii) common                 iv)  weekly f)          When was the SSC exam held, according to the passage? i) in the winter        ii)  in the spring            iii) in the summer         iv) in February–March g)         About — of the atmosphere remains free of humidity in May to June. i) 90%                    ii)  40%                        iii) 60%                       iv)   10% Extra Practices h)         Which cannot function at the time of load-shedding? i) candle lamp        ii)  fans                        iii) table lamp               iv) hurricane lamp i)          Which is the main reason of load-shedding? i) low production   ii)  hot temperature      iii) high production      iv)  limited demand j)          The REB monitors electrical affairs —. i) throughout the whole country                 ii)  in the capital iii) outside the urban areas                           iv)  outside the rural areas: k)         Sohan lives in the —— part of Bangladesh. (i)    south-west                                       (ii)   east-west (iii)  north-south                                      (iv)  south-east l)          Sohan’s sister had the —— exam next morning. (i)    HSC                                                 (ii)   SSC (iii)  BA                                                   (iv)  MA m)        Temperature shoots up to —— in May–June. (i)    40ºC                                                (ii)   50ºC (iii)  60ºC                                                (iv)  30ºC n)         In the capital city the demand stands at around ——. (i)    1400 MW                                        (ii)   140 MW (iiI   1400 W                                            (iv)  1400 KW o)         REB stands for —— (i)    Rural Electricity Bureau                  (ii)   Rare Electricity Board (iii)  Rural Electicity Board                     (iv)  Rural Electrification Board   2.Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         Why could not Sohan sleep last night? b)         Where does Sohan live? c)         What are simply unbearable? d)         What do people do in time of load -shedding at night? e)         Why is it impossible to sit in the study without electricity at night? Extra Practices a)         What happened to Sohan last night? b)         How was the summer night? c)         What happened during load-shedding in Sohan’s area? d)         What causes load-shedding? e)         What is the current demand for electricity? Answer: 1. a. iii) lack of electricity; b. iv) in the summer; c. ii) insufficient; d. i) intolerable; e. iii) common; f, iii) in the summer; g. iv) 10%; h. ii) fans; i.i) low production; j.iii) outside the urban areas; k. (i); l. (ii); m. (i); n. (i); o. (iv); 2. a. Sohan could not sleep last night as there was no electricity. Sohan lives in a village in the north-west part of Bangladesh. When electricity goes, fans are still, lamps are out and it is dark everywhere. All these things are simply unbearable. People come out of houses almost bare-bodied and sit in the open places. Some splash cold water on their faces. It is impossible to sit in the study without electricity in the night with a candle light or table lamp or hurricane lamp or a rural kerosene lamp, Last night Sohan could not sleep due to power shortage. Bangla Translation সোহান বাংলাদেশের দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিমাঞ্চলের একটি গ্রামে বাস করে। গত রাতে সে ঘুমাতে পারেনি। পরের দিন সকালে তার বোনের এসএসসি পরীক্ষা ছিল। সেও পড়তে পারেনি। লোডশেডিং ছিল। গ্রীষ্মের রাতটা ছিল তীব্র গরম, বিদ্যুৎ ছাড়া জীবন নরক হয়ে ওঠে। বিদ্যুৎ সংকটের কারণে তাদের বেশিরভাগ এলাকা ঘণ্টার পর ঘণ্টা অন্ধকারে থাকত। মে-জুন মাসে তাপমাত্রা ৪০ ডিগ্রি সেলসিয়াসে পৌঁছে যায়। বায়ুমণ্ডলে প্রায় ৯০ শতাংশ আর্দ্রতা থাকায়, সবকিছু ঘাম, ভেজা, স্যাঁতসেঁতে এবং দুর্গন্ধযুক্ত হয়ে ওঠে। যখন আপনি সর্বদা নিজেকে ফ্যান জ্বালাতে ব্যস্ত থাকেন, তখন আপনি কীভাবে পড়াশোনায় মনোযোগ দেন? রাতে মোমবাতির আলো, টেবিল ল্যাম্প, হারিকেন ল্যাম্প বা গ্রামীণ কেরোসিনের বাতি নিয়ে পড়াশোনায় বসতে অসম্ভব। মানুষ কেবল খালি গায়ে ঘর থেকে বেরিয়ে খোলা জায়গায় বসে থাকে। কেউ কেউ মুখে ঠান্ডা জল ছিটিয়ে দেয়। ফ্যান স্থির থাকে, ল্যাম্প নিভে যায় এবং সর্বত্র অন্ধকার থাকে। এটা একেবারেই অসহনীয়। ঘন ঘন লোডশেডিংয়ের কারণ কী? সংবাদমাধ্যমের প্রতিবেদনে বলা হয়েছে যে বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদনে ঘাটতি রয়েছে। বিদ্যুৎ উন্নয়ন কর্তৃপক্ষের মতে, বর্তমানে বিদ্যুতের চাহিদা দৈনিক ৬,০০০ মেগাওয়াটেরও বেশি, অথচ সরবরাহ ৪,২০০ মেগাওয়াটের কাছাকাছি। গ্রামীণ এলাকায়, পল্লী বিদ্যুতায়ন বোর্ড (REB) মোট চাহিদার মাত্র অর্ধেক সরবরাহ করতে পারে, যা প্রতিদিন প্রায় ২,৪০০ মেগাওয়াট। রাজধানীতে, চাহিদা প্রায় ১,৪০০ মেগাওয়াট এবং সরবরাহ ৬৫০ মেগাওয়াট। ফলস্বরূপ, লোডশেডিং অনিবার্য। Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                  Partha Pratim Majumder was born in 1954 in Pabna to a family of artistes. He spent most of his early years in his ancestral home, one of the biggest houses, situated in a small locality known as Kalachandpara. At that time Kalachandpara was well known for its cultural activities. There were festivals and various types of cultural shows round the year. Majumder’s father, a photographer by profession was an art lover. He taught and inspired his son to appreciate different forms of art. Majumder went to live with his aunt in Chandernagar, 30 kilometres away from Kolkata in 1966. It was there that he first came across a mime artiste named Jogesh Dutta. The way Dutta  narrated  stories without uttering a single word, left Majumder spellbound. He took lessons on mime from Dutta in Jogesh Dutta’s mime academy in Kolkata from 1966 to 1972. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         Majumder went to ----- live with his aunt. (i) Chandpur            (ii) Chanderhat            (iii) Chandernagar        (iv) Chunasughat b)         Majumder’s ----- was a photographer. (i) father                  (ii) brother                   (iii) uncle                     (iv) cousin c)         The birth place of Partha Pratim is -----. (i) Patna                   (ii) Pabna                     (iii) Paharpur               (iv) Parbatipur d)         He was highly inspired by his -----. (i) father                  (ii) mother                   (iii) sister                     (iv) brother e)         Chandernagar is ----- away from Kolkata. (i) forty kms.            (ii) thirty kms.              (iii) thiry miles.            (iv) fifty kms. f)          Majumder was born in -----. (i) 1954                    (ii) 1945                      (iii) 1950                     (iv) 1854 g)         His father was born in -----. (i) artist                    (ii) art lover                 (iii) honest man            (iv) educationist   Extra Practices h)         ----- was well-known for its cultural activities. (i) Kalyanpur           (ii) Kalachandpara       (iii) Khamarpara          (iv) Kamarkhali i)          He went to Chandernagar in -----. (i) 1996                    (ii) 1966                      (iii) 1954                                 (iv) 1960 j)          Majumder took lessons on ----- from Dutta. (i) mime                   (ii) sports                     (iii) photography          (iv) drawing   Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         Why did Majumder go to Chandernagar? b)         Who inspired him to appreciate different forms of art? c)         Where did he take lessons on mime from Dutta? d)         What was Majumder’s father? e)         What made Majumder spellbound?   Extra Practices 1.         When was Partha Pratim Majumder born? 2.         Where did he spend most of his early years? 3.         What was Kalachandpara well known for? 4.         Where was Chandernagar? 5.         Did Partha take lessons on mime? 1.      a. ii) the land owner; b. iv) the Archeological Survey of India; c. iv) 1991; d. ii) Pre-liberation; e. ii) southern Asia. f. (iii); g. (i); 2.      a. Paharpur is in Naogaon district of northern Bangladesh The Department of Archaeology of Bangladesh brought the site under further excavation after independence. Expeditions revealed the architectural site of a vast Buddhist monastery, the Somapura Mahavihara. Somapura Mahavihara was built during 781-821 AD. Cunningham found the ruins of a square tower to 22 feet side with projection in the middle of each side from the top of central hill. Paharpur is situated in a village named ‘Paharpur’ in Naogaon district of northern Bangladesh. Clay seals indicates that the site was built by the second Pala king. Ad Ad

Read the following passage and answer the questions below: Zahir Raihan was one of the most talented film makers in Bangladesh. He was born on 19 August 1935 in the village Majupur, in Feni district. He was an active worker of the Language Movement. He was one of the ten students to go out in a procession on 21 February 1952 despite a ban on such activities imposed by the authorities. As a result, he and many others were arrested and taken to prison. Raihan was also present at the historical meeting of Amtala on 21 February 1952. He also took part in the mass movement in 1969. In 1971, he joined the Liberation War. All through his life, Zahir Raihan dreamt of a democratic society, a society that would ensure freedom of speech. He had many dreams about our film industry too. He made a legendary 'film "Jibon Theke Neya" based on the Language Movement of 1952. It was a protest against the autocratic government then ruling our country. The family portrayed in that film symbolically presented East Pakistan. The family was ruled by an autocrat who had to go to prison for her conspiracy (FTO). During the Liberation War in 1971, this film was shown outside Bangladesh. Celebrated film makers like Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen, and Ritwik Ghatak appreciated the film. Raihan gave all money the film made to the Freedom Fighters' trust. Besides his great documentary on Pakistani atrocities, Stop Genocide, helped create world sentiment in favour of our liberation war. On 30 December 1971. Someone informed Raihan about an address somewhere at Mirpur where might find his brother, the famous writer Shahidullah haiser who had gone missing from 14 December 1971. Kaiser was captured and killed by the Pakistani army and the local collaborators (57101P) during the last days of the war. Accordingly. Raihan left home to get his brother back but he never returned. Zahir Raihan's dream was fulfilled. He could see the emergence of independent Bangladesh though he did not get back his brother. And it's a pity that this dreamer could not live to see his dream came true. Multiple Choice Questions 1. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. (a) Zahir was imprisoned because (i) he depicted the atrocities of Pakistan (ii) he took part in the freedom fight (iii) he was an activities of Mass Movement (iv) he took part in the Language Movement Answer: (a) (iv) he took part in the Language Movement (b) According to the passage the word "Sentiment" means (i) sensibility (ii) opinion (iii) intuition (iv) passion Answer: (b) (ii) opinion (c) In the passage the word inception means (i) end (ii) finish (iii) beginning (iv) conclusion Answer: (c) (iii) beginning (d) Zahir had dreams about our -- (i) Country (ii) film industry (iii) Liberation war (iv) both (i) and (ii) Answer: (d) (iv) both (i) and (ii) (e) Zahir's dream was — (i) neglected (ii) incomplete (iii) fulfilled (iv) denied Answer: (e) (iii) fulfilled (f) 'What does the expression' 'a ban on such activities' mean in the passage? (i) People were not allowed to get out on that day (ii) Students were not permitted to attend  the class (iii) All kinds of public gatherings were prohibited (iv) People were ordered to stay outside Answer: (f) (iii) All kinds of public gatherings were prohibited (g) Zahir wished for a -- Bangladesh.. (i) free (ii) autocratic (iii) imperious (iv) communist Answer: (g) (i) free Extra Questions: (1) What does the expression "Zahir dreamt for a democratic society, a society that will ensure freedom of speech and will" mean best? (i) Zahir did a lot to ensure freedom of speech and will (ii) Zahir dreamt of freedom fighting (iii) Zahir dreamt of an independent country (iv) Zahir was all against freedom of press Answer: (1) (i) Zahir did a lot to ensure freedom of speech and will (2) What does the word 'movement' mean? (i) commotion (ii) inaction (iii) inactivity (iv) interne Answer: (2) (i) commotion (3) Which one is synonymous to conspiracy? (i) consistency (ii) confusion (iii) intrigue (iv) infraction Answer: (3) (iii) intrigue (4) What does the word 'legendary' mean in this passage? (i) renowned (ii) ancient (iii) top (iv) legion Answer: (4) (i) renowned (5) What does the word 'autocratic' mean? (i) automatic (ii) constitution (iii) imperious iv) essential Answer: (5) (iii) imperious (6) Zahir Raihan had a dream for a cu ensuring – (i) freedom of speech and will (ii) fundamental rights to all (iii) equal opportunities (iv) freedom of actions Answer: (6) (i) freedom of speech and will (7)He gave all his money to the Freedom Fighters' trust as he (i) felt patriotic zeal (ii) felt excitement after getting film award (iii) felt confused with the money (iv) got afraid of keeping money with him Answer: (7) (i) felt patriotic zeal (8) The nation owes to Zahir Raihan because of his — (i) being rational to the country (ii) nice painting and music (iii) outstanding contribution to Bengali films and Liberation War (iv) hatred towards the Pakistani ruler Answer: (8) (iii) outstanding contribution to Bengali films and Liberation War (9) 'Stop Genocide' helped create — (i) World sentiment against our Liberation War (ii) World wrath protesting the Liberation War (iii) World sentiment in favour of our Liberation War (iv) World clash discouraging our Liberation War Answer: (9) (iii) World sentiment in favour of our Liberation War (10) Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word 'atrocities' used in the passage? (i) Geniality (ii) Civility (iii) Asperity (iv) Cruelty Answer: (10) (iv) Cruelty (11) Zahir was the participant of (i) Language Movement (ii)  Liberation War (iii) Mass movement in 1969 (iv) All of these Answer: (11) (iv) All of these (12) Which of the following expression Zahir best? (i) Language activities (ii) Freedom (iii) A talented film maker (iv) A great patriot Answer: (12) (iv) A great patriot (13) Which is the closest meaning of the 'autocrat'? (i) Liberal (ii) Dictator (iii) Democratic (iv) Aristocratic Answer:    (13) (ii) Dictator (14) On which basis did Zahir Rathan m film 'Jibon Theke Neya"? (i) Local movement (ii) Liberation War (iii) Mass Movement in 1969 (iv) Language Movement Answer: (14) (iv) Language Movement (15) Several critics praised Zahir for (i) Contribution to language movement (ii) Documentary 'Stop Genocide (iii) Famous movie 'Jibon Theke Neya' (iv) Contribution to the war of liberation Answer: (15) (iii) Famous movie ‘Jibon Theke Neya' (16) The text is about – (i) Zahir Raihan's contribution movement (ii) Zahir Raihan's early life (iii) Zahir Raihan and his patriotism (iv) Zahirs contribution in film industry Answer: (16) (iii) Zahir Raihan and his patriotism (17) 'Stop Genocide' is about (i) Language Movement (ii) Mass Movement (iii) Liberation War (iv) Cruelty of the then government Answer: (17) (iv) cruelty of the then government (18) What does the expression for speech' mean in the passage? (i) Right to speak against the go (ii) Right to voice one's opinion publicly without fear (iii) Right to speak the mother ton (iv) Right to speak in the meeting Answer: (18) (ii) Right to voice one's opinion publicly without fear  (19) What does the expression 'mass movement mean? (i) Public upsurge (ii) Military coup (iii) Public interest (iv) Fall of the government Answer: (19) (i) Public upsurge (20) 'Stop Genocide' is ------, (i) A film on Liberation War (ii) PA short film (iii) A documentary (iv) A feature Answer: (20) (iii) A documentary (21) The Mass Movement occurred in -- (i) 1952 (ii) 1971 (iii) 1948 (iv) 1969 Answer: (21) (iv) 1969 (22) What is the main theme of the passage? (i) About Zahir's last days (ii) About Zahir's activities (iii) About Zahir's life (iv) About Zahir's contribution Answer: (22) (iv) About Zahir's contribution (23) As a film maker Zahir Raihan was endowed with (i) aesthetic talent (ii) visual aptitude (iii) artistic outlook (iv) real stance Answer: (23) (i) aesthetic talent (24) Zahir Raihan might be killed by the (i) Pakistani army (ii) Pakistani collabotors (iii) native hijacker (iv) a group of robbers Answer: (24) (i) Pakistani army  (25) Zahir Raihan disappeared ---- (i) after the liberation war (ii) before the liberation war (iii) during the liberation war (iv) during the language movement Answer: (25) (i) after the Liberation War Short Question Answer 2. Answer the following questions. (a) From your reading of the paragraph--2 of the passage, give an account of the legendary of film 'Jibon Theke Neya' in brief. Answer: (a) Jibon Theke Neya' is a legendary film. Zahir Raihan made this film based on the Language Movement. The family in the movie was a symbol of East Pakistan. The family head, an autocrat, represented the head of East Pakistan. At last the family head had to go to jail. Zahir Raihan here expresses that no autocrat can rule for ever. (b) From your reading of the last paragraph of the passage, what do you know about Shahidullah Kaiser? Answer: (b) Shahidullah Kaiser was the elder brother of Zahir Raihan. He was a famous writer. He was killed by the Pakistani Army and the local collaborators. (c) Besides being known as a talented film maker prominent writer and journalist, Zahir Raihan was a generous man. Do you support the opinion? If yes, explain in 2--3 sentences. Answer: (c) Yes, I support the opinion. Zahir Raihan gave all the money of the film 'Jobon Theke Neya' to the freedom fighters' trust. Besides, he dreamt of a democratic society, a society that would ensure freedom of speech. So we can say that he was a generous man. (d) What is your idea about Zahir's contribution to film? Answer: (d) Zahir Raihan was one of the most talented film makers in Bangladesh. He made a good number of films. All the films got popularity among the viewers. Critics like Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen and Ritwik Ghatak appreciated his film "Jibon Theke Neya". (e) From your reading paragraph--1, describe 21 February of 1952. Answer: (e) Language Movement got momentum on 21 February 1952. Zahir Raihan was an active worker of this movement. Despite ban, he along with other students brought out a procession on this day. Many others including him were taken to prison. Some were shot dead. Extra Questions: (1) What was the background of the film 'Jibon Theke Neya'? Answer: (1) Language Movement of 1952 was of the background of the film "Jibon Theke Neya". (2) What is 'Stop Genocide'? How did it help our Liberation War? Answer: (2) 'Stop Genocide' is a documentary on Pakistani atrocities made by Zahir Raihan. It helped create world sentiment in favour of our Liberation War. (3) Who was Zahir Raihan? Answer: (3) Zahir Raihan was one of the most talented film makers of Bangladesh. He was also an active participant in the Language Movement, Mass Movement and Liberation War. (4) How did Zahir create world sentiment in favour of our Liberation War? Answer: (4) Zahir created world sentiment in favour of our Liberation War by showing his legendary film 'Jibon Theke Neya' outside Bangladesh which earned much appreciation and concern of the foreigners for the people of Bangladesh, (5) Why did Zahir leave home? Answer: (5) On 30 December, 1971, someone informed Zahir that somewhere at Mirpur, he might find his brother Shahidullah Kaiser. That's why he left home to find his brother but never came back. (6) Where did Zahir contribute to all his earning? Answer: (6) Zahir contributed all his earned money that he got from his film shows to the Freedom Fighters' trust. (7) How was Zahir Raihan's last life? What happened to him? Answer: (7) Zahir Raihan's last life was very tragic because he demised after getting independence. On 30 December 1971 he left home to get his brother back and never returned. (8) Do you think Zahir Raihan was a freedom fighter? Why/why not? Answer: (8) I think Zahir Raihan was a freedom fighter. He joined the 'Liberation War by making films. His film Jibon Theke Neya' inspired the fighters against the Pakistani autocrat. During war, he travelled different parts of the country and made a documentary named 'Stop Genocide' on Pakistani atrocities. The documentary created world sentiment in favour of our Liberation War. (9) What does Jibon Theke Neya' symbolize? Answer: (9) "Jibon Theke Neya" symbolizes the revolutionary life during the Language Movement in 1952. (10) What was the dream of Zahir Raihan? Answer: (10) The dream of Zahir Raihan was to have a democratic society that will ensure freedom of speech and will. (11) What do you think about the demise of Zahir Raihan? Answer: (11) The demise of Zahir Raihan was very sad and unexpected. He became a victim of the conspirators. (12) Explain the last sentence of the text. Answer: (12) It was a great pity that Zahir Raihan could not be able to see his dream come true as he was killed by the conspirators. (13) Why is Zahir Raihan regarded to be a golden son of Bangladesh according to the given text? Answer: (13) According to the given text, Zahir Raihan is regarded to be a golden son of Bangladesh for his outstanding contribution to Bengali films and Liberation War. (14) When was Zahir Raihan taken to prison and why? Answer: (14) Zahir Raihan was taken to prison because he went out in a procession along with other students on 21st February 1952 despite the ban on such activities. Bangla Translation জহির রায়হান ছিলেন বাংলাদেশের অন্যতম প্রতিভাবান চলচ্চিত্র নির্মাতা। তিনি ১৯৩৫ সালের ১৯ আগস্ট ফেনী জেলার মজুপুর গ্রামে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তিনি ভাষা আন্দোলনের একজন সক্রিয় কর্মী ছিলেন। কর্তৃপক্ষ কর্তৃক নিষেধাজ্ঞা সত্ত্বেও ১৯৫২ সালের ২১ ফেব্রুয়ারি মিছিলে অংশ নেওয়া দশজন ছাত্রের মধ্যে তিনি একজন ছিলেন। ফলস্বরূপ, তাকে এবং আরও অনেককে গ্রেপ্তার করে কারাগারে পাঠানো হয়। রায়হান ১৯৫২ সালের ২১ ফেব্রুয়ারি আমতলার ঐতিহাসিক সভায়ও উপস্থিত ছিলেন। তিনি ১৯৬৯ সালের গণআন্দোলনেও অংশ নিয়েছিলেন। ১৯৭১ সালে তিনি মুক্তিযুদ্ধে যোগ দিয়েছিলেন। সারা জীবন জহির রায়হান একটি গণতান্ত্রিক সমাজের স্বপ্ন দেখেছিলেন, এমন একটি সমাজ যা বাক স্বাধীনতা নিশ্চিত করবে। আমাদের চলচ্চিত্র শিল্প নিয়েও তার অনেক স্বপ্ন ছিল। তিনি ১৯৫২ সালের ভাষা আন্দোলনের উপর ভিত্তি করে একটি কিংবদন্তি 'জীবন থেকে নেওয়া' চলচ্চিত্র তৈরি করেছিলেন। এটি ছিল তৎকালীন আমাদের দেশে শাসনকারী স্বৈরাচারী সরকারের বিরুদ্ধে একটি প্রতিবাদ। ওই ছবিতে যে পরিবারটি চিত্রিত হয়েছিল তা প্রতীকীভাবে পূর্ব পাকিস্তানকে চিত্রিত করেছিল। পরিবারটি একজন স্বৈরশাসকের অধীনে ছিল, যাকে তার ষড়যন্ত্রের (FTO) জন্য কারাগারে যেতে হয়েছিল। ১৯৭১ সালে মুক্তিযুদ্ধের সময়, এই ছবিটি বাংলাদেশের বাইরে দেখানো হয়েছিল। সত্যজিৎ রায়, মৃণাল সেন এবং ঋত্বিক ঘটকের মতো বিখ্যাত চলচ্চিত্র নির্মাতারা ছবিটির প্রশংসা করেছিলেন। রায়হান ছবিটির সমস্ত অর্থ মুক্তিযোদ্ধা ট্রাস্টে দান করেছিলেন। পাকিস্তানি নৃশংসতার উপর তার দুর্দান্ত তথ্যচিত্র "স্টপ জেনোসাইড" ছাড়াও, আমাদের মুক্তিযুদ্ধের পক্ষে বিশ্ব অনুভূতি তৈরি করতে সাহায্য করেছিল। ৩০ ডিসেম্বর ১৯৭১। কেউ রায়হানকে মিরপুরের কোথাও একটি ঠিকানা সম্পর্কে জানায় যেখানে তার ভাই, বিখ্যাত লেখক শহীদুল্লাহ হাইসারকে খুঁজে পাওয়া যেতে পারে, যিনি ১৪ ডিসেম্বর ১৯৭১ থেকে নিখোঁজ ছিলেন। যুদ্ধের শেষ দিনগুলিতে পাকিস্তানি সেনাবাহিনী এবং স্থানীয় সহযোগীরা (৫৭১০১P) কায়সারকে ধরে নিয়ে হত্যা করে। সেই অনুযায়ী। রায়হান তার ভাইকে ফিরিয়ে আনতে বাড়ি ছেড়ে চলে যান কিন্তু তিনি আর ফিরে আসেননি। জহির রায়হানের স্বপ্ন পূরণ হয়েছিল। তিনি স্বাধীন বাংলাদেশের অভ্যুদয় দেখতে পেলেন, যদিও তিনি তার ভাইকে ফিরে পাননি। আর দুঃখের বিষয় যে এই স্বপ্নদ্রষ্টা তার স্বপ্ন পূরণ হতে দেখে যেতে পারেননি। Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.              Zahir Raihan was one of the most talented film makers in Bangladesh. He was born on 19 August 1935 in the village Majupur, in Feni district. He was an active worker of the Language Movement. He was one of the ten students to go out in a procession on 21 February 1952 despite a ban on such activities. As a result, he and many others were arrested and taken to prison. Zahir was also present at the historical meeting of Amtala on February 21, 1952. He also took part in the mass movement in 1969. In 1971, he joined the Liberation War. All through his life, Zahir dreamt for a democratic society, a society that will ensure freedom of speech and will. He had many dreams about our film industry too. He made a legendary film Jibon Theke Neya based on the Language Movement of 1952. It was a revolt against the then autocratic Government. The family presented in that film was a miniature East Pakistan ruled by an autocrat who had to go to the prison for her conspiracy. During the liberation war this film was shown outside Bangladesh. Critics like Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen, and Ritwik Ghatak appreciated this film. Zahir gave all his money to the Freedom Fighters’ trust that he got from his film show. Besides his great documentary on Pakistani atrocities, Stop Genocide, helped create world sentiment in favour of  our liberation war. On 30 December 1971, someone informed Zahir about an address somewhere at Mirpur, where he might find his brother, the famous writer Shahidullah Kaiser.  Shahidulla was captured and killed by the Pakistani army and the local collaborators during the last days of the war. Accordingly Zahir left home to get his brother back and he never returned. This day is observed as Zahir’s Disappearance Day. Zahir’s dream was fulfilled. He could see the inception of a free independent Bangladesh though he did not get back his brother. And it’s a pity that this dreamer was missing at such a time when his dream came true. Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 Zahir Raihan engaged himself in the mass movement in —. i) 1969                   ii)   1959                      iii) 1996                       iv).  1952 Zahir Raihan was a —. i) soldier tv           ii) patriot                      iii) professor                iv) photographer He was taken to — for procession on 21 February. i) hospital                ii) medical college        iii) clinic                      iv) jail Shahidullah Kaiser was Zahir Raihan’s —. i) uncle                   ii) cousin                     iii) friend                     iv) brother Zahir dreamt for a democratic society —. i) all through his life                                   ii)  in his college life iii) in his school days                                   iv) in his varsity life Zahir Raihan was born in —. i) Faridpur              ii) rural area                iii) district area             iv) Mirpur He had many dreams about our—. i) country               ii) flim industry            iii) education               iv) garment industry   Extra Practices The film was shown —. i) outside Pakistan                                      ii)   outside our country iii) inside Bangladesh                                   iv)   outside the world The critics — the film. i) chose                  ii)  praised                    iii) disliked                  iv)   liked Zahir got disappeared on —. i) 30 December 1971                                 ii)   16 December 1971 iii) 26 March 1971                                       iv)   16 August 1975 Zahir Raihan was a renowned ——. (i)    film director       (ii)    film maker           (iii)   professor             (iv)   film hero The famous writer Shahidullah Kaiser was Zahir Raihan’s ——. (i)    brother               (ii)    cousin                  (iii)   uncle                    (iv)   teacher Zahir took part in the mass movement in ——. (i)    1958                  (ii)    1969                    (iii)   1952                    (iv)   1971 Zahir Raihan was a —. (i)    film maker         (ii)    reader                  (iii)   player                  (iv)   speaker                    He was born on — August 1935. (i)    20                      (ii)    15                        (iii)   19                        (iv)   25 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What did Zahir Raihan dream all through his life? b)         Who was Zahir? c)         What was the role of his documentary’Stop Genocide’? d)         What did he do for the freedom fighters? e)         Why was he taken to prison? Extra Practices 1.         When was Zahir Raihan born? 2.         Did he join the Liberation War? 3.         What was the fate of Shahidullah Kaiser? 4.         When is Zahir’s Disappearance Day observed? 5.         Who appreciated the film’Jibon Theke Neya’? Ad 1.      a. i) 1969; b. ii) patriot; c. iv) jail; d. iv) brother; e. i) all through his life; f. ii) rural area; g. ii) film industry; h. ii) outside our country; i. ii) praised; j. i) 30 December 1971; j. (ii); k. (i); l. (ii); m. (i) film maker; n. (iii) 19. 2.      a. Zahir Raihan dreamt for a democratic society that will ensure freedom of speech and will, all through his life. Zahir was one of the most talented film makers in Bangladesh. The documentary ‘Stop Genocide’ played a great role in creating world sentiment in favour of our liberation war. He gave all his money to the freedom fighters trust that he got from his film show. He was taken to prison .as he went out in a procession on 21 February despite a ban on such activities. Ad

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.              What type of job do you want to have? Is it highly paid and high profile conventional job liked by most people? Yes, you can have it. It is the question of your choice and  important decisions that advance your life ahead. But have you ever thought of other types of jobs out there— cool, fun, exciting, even strange or weird jobs you never imagined to exist? What are they? Did you ever wonder who picks up the chewing gum left on a park bench or who assesses whether a piece of furniture is comfortable enough or who constructs glass eyeballs or who farms oysters in the middle of the ocean? These are all wacky, odd, unexpected, wild, crazy, unconventional, strange or just plain weird jobs and careers. They are not your traditional career choices, but somebody out there does all these things, gets paid for it, and enjoys life like anybody else. There are hundreds of such jobs to take if you want to travel the less taken ways of life. You have to decide on several questions: •           What companies will recruit/hire me? •           Do I actually make a paycheck? •           What type of education/diploma will I need? •           Can I make a living doing this? Your answers to these questions will help pave your career roadmap and help you decide if you are ready to take the challenge. Decide if you want a change. A lot of strange jobs also allow you to work part-time or freelance when it fits your schedule. This way you can get a taste of freedom, a secondary income, and build experience at the same time. Do you have interests beyond writing memos and attending boring meetings? If so, you may wonder how you can find a strange job. Hobbies are a good place to start. What do you do for fun? Do you stuff animals, act like Charlie Chaplin, or make model cars? If you enjoy it, someone out there works in that field and is making money off your hobby. Maybe they are testing mountaineering equipment, developing fragrances, trying new brands of undergarments, or saving sea turtles. And they are getting paid good wages.   1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 What is conventional job? i) Rare job ii) Traditional job         iii) Uncommon job      iv) Risky job Unconventional jobs can make your life—-. i) advance ii) honorable                iii) cool                        iv) funny What may be an example of unconventional job? i) Clerk                                     ii) Construct glass eyeballs iii) Driving                                                   iv) Sea turtles What is an wonderful job? i) Chewing gum                                                                         ii) Pick up bench iii) Picking up chewing gum left on a park bench                             iv) Sleeping What is not a traditional career choice? i) Eating chewing gum ii) Farming oysters iii) Eyeballs                                                 iv) Making furniture How many odd jobs are there around us? i) Numerous ii) Very few                 iii) Small in amount     iv) Beyond our imagination How can we take a step to an unconventional job? i) By hobbies                                     ii) By making roadmap iii) Doing part-time job                                iv) By thinking deeply Extra Practices How can you get a taste of freedom? i) By working freelance ii) By scheduled task iii) By making road map                              iv) By hard work How is trying new brands of undergarments? i) Conventional job ii) Unconventional job iii) Good wages            iv) It’s not a job Writing memos is —-. i) a conventional job ii) an unconventional job iii) after                                                       iv) a good job 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         How is conventional job? b)         What kind of job is picking up the chewing gum left on a park bench? c)         What will happen if you want a change in your job? d)         Do you think that unconventional job is a fun? e)         Do you think that unconventional job is a fun?     Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                  Have you ever thought of a very delicate career? Have you dreamt of a rosy environment full of colour and fragrance? How much would you love it if you were placed in a house full of flowers to deal all the day? I’m just going to give you some clues for a way of business, a job. Yes. Daises, violets, tulips, marigolds, dahlias, bellies, jasmines, roses and all those things of beauty can also earn your livings if you handle them professionally. In fact, a florist’s career is rather a good choice as an unconventional job for many around the world. Wherever you see eye-catching floral displays, you actually see the professional performance of a floral designer. They are also known as florists and they create superb arrangements with flowers. Using both real and artificial flowers with other greeneries, florists prepare flower displays for a variety of events such as weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, marriage days, Valentine’s day, official receptions and even funerals. Every flower is with its distinct colour, design, significance and meaning which flower designers have to know well. There are conventions and significance associated with flower. We know that conventionally roses are meant for romance and anniversaries and tulips for birthdays. Although formal education or diploma is not essential always, florists must have a good taste, good eye for colours, shapes and proportion. They have to have good sense for selecting flowers, ribbons and other accessories to make beautiful arrangements. Professional florists are knowledgeable about not only flowers but also designs and techniques. Most florists learn the trade mainly through apprenticeship in a previous flower farming job and also by attending formal floral schools and courses. However, a true passion for flowers and a bit of aesthetic sense are all that can make a florist’s career successful. Flower designers earn fairly handsome money. But the bonus is that they belong to a fresh fun job. They work in flowers all day long in a nice atmosphere with fresh air, pleasant smells and vivid colours around. But there is a disadvantage too, if you are inclined to see so. Florists deal with flowers, but miss their honey.! 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 Florists are for flowers but not—-. i) for honey ii) for money               iii) for beauty               iv) for energy Tulips are conventionally meant for —-. i) birthday ii) romance                  iii) weddings                iv) funerals As a conventional job, a florist’s career is —-. i.          rather a bad choice ii) an excellent iii) the worst choice                                     iv) rather a good choice — is essential to be successful in floral carrier. i) Good taste ii) Aesthetic sense        iii) passion                   iv) Good eye for colours Florists are knowledgeable about not only flowers but also —-. i) size ii) ribbons                    iii) beauty                    iv) shapes and proportion Roses are meant for —-. i) colour ii) travel                       iii) romance and anniversaries iv) new year Conventions and significance are associated with —-. i) fruits ii) flowers                    iii) fish                         iv) birds Extra Practices —- earn fairly handsome money. i) flower designers ii) flower buyer            iii) flower seller           iv) flower business men Florists create superb arrangements with —-. i) fruits ii) flowers                    iii) leaves                     iv) plants — prepare flower displays. i) Farmers ii) Land owners            iii) Floral designers      iv) Flower sellers Florists deal with flowers but ——. (i)   lase their money                                     (ii)    miss their honey (iii) miss their beauty                                   (iv)   lose their energy 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What qualities do florists need? b)         How do the florists prepare displays? c)         How do the most florists learn the trade? d)         What can make a florist’s career successful? e)         How much do flower designers earn? Extra Practices 1.         What do you mean by florists? 2.         What do the florists do? 3.         What do the florists have to know well? 4.         What is the bonus for the flower designers? 5.         How is the career of a florist? Answer: 1.      a. ii) Traditional job; b. i) advance; c. ii) Construct glass eyeballs; d. iii) Picking up chewing gum left on a park bench; e. ii) farming oysters; f. i) Numerous; g. i) by hobbies; h. i) by working freelance; i. ii) unconventional job; j. i) a conventional job. 2.      a. Conventional job requires high profile and is highly paid. Picking up the chewing gum left on a park bench is an unconventional job. If I want a change in my job a lot of strange jobs can be taken as pastime or freelance. I can get a taste of freedom by working part time of freelance when it fills my schedule. Yes, I think it is a fun as it gives different tastes. 1.      a. i) for honey; b. i) birthdays; c. iv) rather a good choice; d. i) Good taste; e. iii) beauty; f. iii) romance and anniversaries; g. ii) flowers; h. i) flowers designers; i. ii) flowers; j. iii) Floral designers; k. (ii). 2.      a. Florists must have a good taste, good eye for colours, shapes and proportion. Formal education or diploma is not essential always. The florists prepare displays using both natural and artificial flowers. The most florists learn th4e trade mainly through apprenticeship in a previous flower farming job and also by attending formal floral schools and courses. A true passion for flowers and a bit of aesthetic sense are all that can make florist’s career successful. Flower designers earn fairly handsome money. Bangla Translation তুমি কি কখনো খুব সূক্ষ্ম একটা ক্যারিয়ারের কথা ভেবেছো? তুমি কি রঙ আর সুবাসে ভরা একটা গোলাপি পরিবেশের স্বপ্ন দেখেছো? যদি তোমাকে সারাদিন ফুলে ভরা একটা বাড়িতে কাজ করতে দেওয়া হয়, তাহলে তুমি কতটা খুশি হবে? আমি তোমাকে ব্যবসার একটা উপায়, একটা চাকরির কিছু সূত্র দিতে যাচ্ছি। হ্যাঁ। ডেইজি, বেগুনি, টিউলিপ, গাঁদা, ডালিয়া, বেলি, জুঁই, গোলাপ এবং সৌন্দর্যের এই সমস্ত জিনিসগুলোও যদি তুমি পেশাদারভাবে পরিচালনা করো, তাহলে তোমার জীবিকা নির্বাহ করতে পারবে। আসলে, একজন ফুল বিক্রেতার ক্যারিয়ার বিশ্বজুড়ে অনেকের কাছে একটি অপ্রচলিত কাজ হিসেবে বেশ ভালো পছন্দ। যেখানেই তুমি আকর্ষণীয় ফুলের প্রদর্শনী দেখো, সেখানেই তুমি আসলে একজন ফুল ডিজাইনারের পেশাদারিত্ব দেখতে পাও। তারা ফুল বিক্রেতা হিসেবেও পরিচিত এবং তারা ফুল দিয়ে চমৎকার সাজসজ্জা তৈরি করে। অন্যান্য সবুজের সাথে আসল এবং কৃত্রিম উভয় ফুল ব্যবহার করে, ফুল বিক্রেতারা বিবাহ, জন্মদিন, বার্ষিকী, বিবাহ দিবস, ভালোবাসা দিবস, সরকারী অভ্যর্থনা এমনকি অন্ত্যেষ্টিক্রিয়ার মতো বিভিন্ন অনুষ্ঠানের জন্য ফুল বিক্রেতাদের ফুল বিক্রেতাদের জন্য ফুল বিক্রেতাদের প্রস্তুত করে। প্রতিটি ফুলের নিজস্ব রঙ, নকশা, তাৎপর্য এবং অর্থ থাকে যা ফুল ডিজাইনারদের ভালোভাবে জানা উচিত। ফুলের সাথে সম্পর্কিত কিছু রীতিনীতি এবং তাৎপর্য রয়েছে। আমরা জানি যে সাধারণত গোলাপ রোমান্স এবং বার্ষিকী এবং জন্মদিনের জন্য টিউলিপের জন্য তৈরি। যদিও আনুষ্ঠানিক শিক্ষা বা ডিপ্লোমা সর্বদা অপরিহার্য নয়, ফুল বিক্রেতাদের অবশ্যই ভালো রুচি, রঙ, আকার এবং অনুপাতের প্রতি ভালো নজর থাকতে হবে। সুন্দর সাজসজ্জা করার জন্য তাদের ফুল, ফিতা এবং অন্যান্য আনুষাঙ্গিক নির্বাচন করার জন্য ভালো জ্ঞান থাকতে হবে। পেশাদার ফুল বিক্রেতারা কেবল ফুলই নয়, নকশা এবং কৌশল সম্পর্কেও জ্ঞানী। বেশিরভাগ ফুল বিক্রেতা মূলত পূর্ববর্তী ফুল চাষের চাকরিতে শিক্ষানবিশের মাধ্যমে এবং আনুষ্ঠানিক ফুলের স্কুল এবং কোর্সে যোগদানের মাধ্যমে এই ব্যবসা শেখেন। তবে, ফুলের প্রতি সত্যিকারের আগ্রহ এবং কিছুটা নান্দনিক বোধই একজন ফুল বিক্রেতার ক্যারিয়ারকে সফল করতে পারে। ফুল ডিজাইনাররা বেশ ভালো অর্থ উপার্জন করেন। তবে বোনাস হল তারা একটি নতুন মজার চাকরির সাথে যুক্ত। তারা সারা দিন ফুলের উপর তাজা বাতাস, মনোরম গন্ধ এবং প্রাণবন্ত রঙের সুন্দর পরিবেশে কাজ করে। তবে যদি আপনি এটি দেখতে চান তবে একটি অসুবিধাও রয়েছে। ফুল বিক্রেতারা ফুলের সাথে ব্যবসা করেন, কিন্তু তাদের মধু মিস করেন! Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                  Partha Pratim Majumder was born in 1954 in Pabna to a family of artistes. He spent most of his early years in his ancestral home, one of the biggest houses, situated in a small locality known as Kalachandpara. At that time Kalachandpara was well known for its cultural activities. There were festivals and various types of cultural shows round the year. Majumder’s father, a photographer by profession was an art lover. He taught and inspired his son to appreciate different forms of art. Majumder went to live with his aunt in Chandernagar, 30 kilometres away from Kolkata in 1966. It was there that he first came across a mime artiste named Jogesh Dutta. The way Dutta  narrated  stories without uttering a single word, left Majumder spellbound. He took lessons on mime from Dutta in Jogesh Dutta’s mime academy in Kolkata from 1966 to 1972. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         Majumder went to ----- live with his aunt. (i) Chandpur            (ii) Chanderhat            (iii) Chandernagar        (iv) Chunasughat b)         Majumder’s ----- was a photographer. (i) father                  (ii) brother                   (iii) uncle                     (iv) cousin c)         The birth place of Partha Pratim is -----. (i) Patna                   (ii) Pabna                     (iii) Paharpur               (iv) Parbatipur d)         He was highly inspired by his -----. (i) father                  (ii) mother                   (iii) sister                     (iv) brother e)         Chandernagar is ----- away from Kolkata. (i) forty kms.            (ii) thirty kms.              (iii) thiry miles.            (iv) fifty kms. f)          Majumder was born in -----. (i) 1954                    (ii) 1945                      (iii) 1950                     (iv) 1854 g)         His father was born in -----. (i) artist                    (ii) art lover                 (iii) honest man            (iv) educationist   Extra Practices h)         ----- was well-known for its cultural activities. (i) Kalyanpur           (ii) Kalachandpara       (iii) Khamarpara          (iv) Kamarkhali i)          He went to Chandernagar in -----. (i) 1996                    (ii) 1966                      (iii) 1954                                 (iv) 1960 j)          Majumder took lessons on ----- from Dutta. (i) mime                   (ii) sports                     (iii) photography          (iv) drawing   Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         Why did Majumder go to Chandernagar? b)         Who inspired him to appreciate different forms of art? c)         Where did he take lessons on mime from Dutta? d)         What was Majumder’s father? e)         What made Majumder spellbound?   Extra Practices 1.         When was Partha Pratim Majumder born? 2.         Where did he spend most of his early years? 3.         What was Kalachandpara well known for? 4.         Where was Chandernagar? 5.         Did Partha take lessons on mime? 1.      a. ii) the land owner; b. iv) the Archeological Survey of India; c. iv) 1991; d. ii) Pre-liberation; e. ii) southern Asia. f. (iii); g. (i); 2.      a. Paharpur is in Naogaon district of northern Bangladesh The Department of Archaeology of Bangladesh brought the site under further excavation after independence. Expeditions revealed the architectural site of a vast Buddhist monastery, the Somapura Mahavihara. Somapura Mahavihara was built during 781-821 AD. Cunningham found the ruins of a square tower to 22 feet side with projection in the middle of each side from the top of central hill. Paharpur is situated in a village named ‘Paharpur’ in Naogaon district of northern Bangladesh. Clay seals indicates that the site was built by the second Pala king. Ad Ad

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.              I know you will wonder if I say the best thing that ever happened to me was when I lost my last job. Yes, really! I was a desk clerk in an office. But believe me I never liked my job. Nothing can be more boring than being stuck in an office all day with computers and telephone. So after two years or so, I decided to leave my job though I had good salary there. Now I’m an owner of a nursery. Planting seeds, budding, grafting, taking care of saplings, cleaning the flower beds and spending time with trees are my full time job. I start work very early. In summer I usually leave home at 5:30 in the morning, but in winter not until about 7. I’ve a small hut in my nursery. There cannot be any more pleasure for me when I see the moon from there or walk through the trees in the soft moonlit night. The winter is just over. So I’m cleaning up the winter flower garden. Now I’m busy in producing more timber and medicinal plants which people will buy from July. Every season is so different and I love them all. When I compare my present days with the past, I simply can’t understand how I could survive there in my previous job. I love nature. I just love working outside in the open air after all those months in a stuffy office. Gadgets never attract me and perhaps will never. I’m not married. I do my own work even cook my own food. I try not to depend on others for the work which I myself can do. Often my friends are annoyed with me. They say, I should engage a maid for household chores. They are not happy to see me in this ‘rustic life’. They are professionals. They earn a lot. Maybe — much more than me but I think I enjoy my work more. At weekends, I often go countryside. Sometimes with my friends, sometimes alone.  I love collecting unknown saplings. I have another hobby. I love collecting stamps. I have a Russian stamp during the period of Lenin. I don’t watch TV. Almost everyone has a TV set these days.  But I don’t have any. How is that? The only problem I face is I do not earn enough money in all seasons. The winter and the rain are two busy seasons for me.  But it’s OK. Maybe I do not earn enough like many other people around me. But I at least earn enough for my family, employees, and me to run a decent life. I must say I’m a very happy man! 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 Why did the man feel happy? i) For getting job                                     ii) For letting a job iii) For leaving a job                                     iv) For making his last job Why did the man dislike his last job? i) It was hard ii) It was boring           iii) It was a desk job     iv) It was an official job When did he decide to leave his job? i) After around two years ii) After more than two years iii) After less than two years                         iv) After getting salary His job is now connected with —-. i) driving ii) nature                      iii) morning                  iv) winter When does he get up in summer? i) Earlier ii) Later than winter     iii) At moonlit night     iv) About 7 am What makes him busy now? i) Timber ii) Medicinal plants      iii) His previous job     iv) Flower garden Why does he himself cook his own food? i) Since he is unmarried ii) As he wants to be married iii) As he is a good man                                iv) Since he has no job Extra Practices 1.         Where does he go at weekends? 2.         i) In other countries ii) In village area          iii) In city area             iv) In a beautiful place 3.         Why does he not watch TV? 4.         i) Because he has no TV ii) As he has no money iii) Since he collects stamps                         iv) Because it is his hobby 1.         He is happy because he —- to run a decent life. 2.         i) can earn vast money ii) can earn enough money iii) has to earn enough money                      iv) is unable 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What was the reason behind the happiness of the man? b)         Why did the man decide to leave the job? c)         When does he start work? d)         Is the man happy now? e)         Why are his friends not happy? Extra Practices 1.         Who are professionals? 2.         From where does he collect unknown saplings? 3.         What is his hobby? 4.         When does he become busier than the normal time? 5.         What is the passage about? Answer: 1.      a. iii) For leaving a job; b. ii) It was boring; c. i) After around two years; d. nature; e.i) Earlier than winter; f. ii) Medicinal plants; g. i) Since he is unmarried; h. ii) In village area; i. i) Because he has no TV; j. ii) can earn enough money. 2.      a. The reason behind the happiness of the man was losing his last job. The man decided to leave the job because he never liked his job. He starts work very early. Yes, the man is happy now. He left his boring job. So, he is happy now. His friends are not happy to see him in rustic life. Bangla Translation আমি জানি তুমি ভাববে যদি আমি বলি আমার জীবনের সবচেয়ে ভালো ঘটনাটি ঘটেছিল যখন আমি আমার শেষ চাকরি হারিয়েছিলাম। হ্যাঁ, সত্যিই! আমি অফিসে একজন ডেস্ক ক্লার্ক ছিলাম। কিন্তু বিশ্বাস করো আমার চাকরিটা আমার কখনোই পছন্দ হয়নি। সারাদিন কম্পিউটার আর টেলিফোন নিয়ে অফিসে আটকে থাকার চেয়ে বিরক্তিকর আর কিছু হতে পারে না। তাই দুই বছর বা তারও বেশি সময় পর, আমি চাকরিটা ছেড়ে দেওয়ার সিদ্ধান্ত নিলাম, যদিও সেখানে আমার ভালো বেতন ছিল। এখন আমি একটি নার্সারির মালিক। বীজ রোপণ, কুঁড়ি কাটা, কলম করা, চারাগাছের যত্ন নেওয়া, ফুলের বিছানা পরিষ্কার করা এবং গাছের সাথে সময় কাটানো আমার পুরো সময়ের কাজ। আমি খুব তাড়াতাড়ি কাজ শুরু করি। গ্রীষ্মকালে আমি সাধারণত ভোর ৫:৩০ টায় বাড়ি থেকে বের হই, কিন্তু শীতকালে প্রায় ৭ টার আগে নয়। আমার নার্সারিতে একটি ছোট কুঁড়েঘর আছে। যখন আমি সেখান থেকে চাঁদ দেখি অথবা নরম চাঁদনী রাতে গাছের মধ্য দিয়ে হেঁটে যাই তখন এর চেয়ে আনন্দ আর কিছু হতে পারে না। শীতকাল শেষ হয়ে গেছে। তাই আমি শীতকালীন ফুলের বাগান পরিষ্কার করছি। এখন আমি আরও কাঠ এবং ঔষধি গাছ উৎপাদনে ব্যস্ত যা মানুষ জুলাই থেকে কিনবে। প্রতিটি ঋতুই এত আলাদা এবং আমি সবগুলোই ভালোবাসি। যখন আমি আমার বর্তমান সময়ের সাথে অতীতের তুলনা করি, তখন আমি বুঝতে পারি না যে আমি আমার আগের চাকরিতে কীভাবে টিকে থাকতে পারতাম। আমি প্রকৃতিকে ভালোবাসি। অফিসে এত মাস ব্যস্ত থাকার পর আমি কেবল খোলা আকাশের নিচে কাজ করতে ভালোবাসি। গ্যাজেটগুলি আমাকে কখনই আকর্ষণ করে না এবং সম্ভবত কখনও করবে না। আমি বিবাহিত নই। আমি নিজের কাজ করি এমনকি নিজের খাবারও রান্না করি। আমি নিজে যে কাজটি করতে পারি তার জন্য অন্যের উপর নির্ভর না করার চেষ্টা করি। প্রায়শই আমার বন্ধুরা আমার উপর বিরক্ত হয়। তারা বলে, আমার গৃহস্থালির কাজের জন্য একজন দাসী রাখা উচিত। তারা আমাকে এই 'গ্রামীণ জীবনে' দেখে খুশি হয় না। তারা পেশাদার। তারা অনেক আয় করে। হয়তো - আমার চেয়ে অনেক বেশি কিন্তু আমার মনে হয় আমি আমার কাজ বেশি উপভোগ করি। সপ্তাহান্তে, আমি প্রায়শই গ্রামাঞ্চলে যাই। কখনও বন্ধুদের সাথে, কখনও একা। আমি অজানা চারা সংগ্রহ করতে ভালোবাসি। আমার আরেকটি শখ আছে। আমি ডাকটিকিট সংগ্রহ করতে ভালোবাসি। লেনিনের সময়কালে আমার একটি রাশিয়ান ডাকটিকিট আছে। আমি টিভি দেখি না। আজকাল প্রায় সকলেরই একটি টিভি সেট আছে। কিন্তু আমার কাছে নেই। এটা কেমন? আমার একমাত্র সমস্যা হলো, সব ঋতুতেই আমি পর্যাপ্ত অর্থ উপার্জন করি না। শীত এবং বৃষ্টি আমার জন্য দুটি ব্যস্ত ঋতু। তবে এটা ঠিক আছে। হয়তো আমার চারপাশের অনেক মানুষের মতো আমি যথেষ্ট আয় করি না। তবে আমি অন্তত আমার পরিবার, কর্মচারী এবং আমার জন্য যথেষ্ট আয় করি যাতে আমি একটি সুন্দর জীবনযাপন করতে পারি। আমি অবশ্যই বলব যে আমি খুব সুখী মানুষ! Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                  Partha Pratim Majumder was born in 1954 in Pabna to a family of artistes. He spent most of his early years in his ancestral home, one of the biggest houses, situated in a small locality known as Kalachandpara. At that time Kalachandpara was well known for its cultural activities. There were festivals and various types of cultural shows round the year. Majumder’s father, a photographer by profession was an art lover. He taught and inspired his son to appreciate different forms of art. Majumder went to live with his aunt in Chandernagar, 30 kilometres away from Kolkata in 1966. It was there that he first came across a mime artiste named Jogesh Dutta. The way Dutta  narrated  stories without uttering a single word, left Majumder spellbound. He took lessons on mime from Dutta in Jogesh Dutta’s mime academy in Kolkata from 1966 to 1972. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         Majumder went to ----- live with his aunt. (i) Chandpur            (ii) Chanderhat            (iii) Chandernagar        (iv) Chunasughat b)         Majumder’s ----- was a photographer. (i) father                  (ii) brother                   (iii) uncle                     (iv) cousin c)         The birth place of Partha Pratim is -----. (i) Patna                   (ii) Pabna                     (iii) Paharpur               (iv) Parbatipur d)         He was highly inspired by his -----. (i) father                  (ii) mother                   (iii) sister                     (iv) brother e)         Chandernagar is ----- away from Kolkata. (i) forty kms.            (ii) thirty kms.              (iii) thiry miles.            (iv) fifty kms. f)          Majumder was born in -----. (i) 1954                    (ii) 1945                      (iii) 1950                     (iv) 1854 g)         His father was born in -----. (i) artist                    (ii) art lover                 (iii) honest man            (iv) educationist   Extra Practices h)         ----- was well-known for its cultural activities. (i) Kalyanpur           (ii) Kalachandpara       (iii) Khamarpara          (iv) Kamarkhali i)          He went to Chandernagar in -----. (i) 1996                    (ii) 1966                      (iii) 1954                                 (iv) 1960 j)          Majumder took lessons on ----- from Dutta. (i) mime                   (ii) sports                     (iii) photography          (iv) drawing   Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         Why did Majumder go to Chandernagar? b)         Who inspired him to appreciate different forms of art? c)         Where did he take lessons on mime from Dutta? d)         What was Majumder’s father? e)         What made Majumder spellbound?   Extra Practices 1.         When was Partha Pratim Majumder born? 2.         Where did he spend most of his early years? 3.         What was Kalachandpara well known for? 4.         Where was Chandernagar? 5.         Did Partha take lessons on mime? 1.      a. ii) the land owner; b. iv) the Archeological Survey of India; c. iv) 1991; d. ii) Pre-liberation; e. ii) southern Asia. f. (iii); g. (i); 2.      a. Paharpur is in Naogaon district of northern Bangladesh The Department of Archaeology of Bangladesh brought the site under further excavation after independence. Expeditions revealed the architectural site of a vast Buddhist monastery, the Somapura Mahavihara. Somapura Mahavihara was built during 781-821 AD. Cunningham found the ruins of a square tower to 22 feet side with projection in the middle of each side from the top of central hill. Paharpur is situated in a village named ‘Paharpur’ in Naogaon district of northern Bangladesh. Clay seals indicates that the site was built by the second Pala king. Ad Ad

Read the following passage and answer the questions below: Lake Baikal is the deepest and one of the biggest and most ancient lakes of the world. It is situated almost in the center of Asia. Lake Baikal is a gigantic bowl set at 445 meters above sea level. This grand. Enormous, unusual and charming miracle of nature is located in the south of Eastern Siberia, in the Buryat Autonomous (PTO) Republic and region of Irkutsk, Russia. The lake covers 31.500 sq km. It is 636 km long and an average of 48 km wide. The widest point of the lake is 79.4 km. The water basin occupies 5, 57,000 Sq. km. and contains 23,000 of water, which is about one fifth of the world's reserved fresh surface water. There are hot springs in the surround Lake Baikal "The quality of the water springs is excellent. The lake acts as a powerful generator and bio filter producing this water. Balkal 19 a stormy lake, Autumn is the most stormy time. The wind blows in various directions. The weather depends on the wind. If it is blowing from the north, the weather le bright and sunny. The water of the lake looks green and dark blue. But if the winds get stronger. Baikal turns black, waves rising light with white crest. The beauty of Lake Baikal is exceptional. Multiple Choice Questions 1. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives, (a) The word 'brook' means -- (i) a small drain (ii) a small canal (iii) a small stream (iv) a small river Answer:  (a) (iv) a small river (b) The passage highlights --, (i) Lake Baikal (ii) the length of Baikal (iii), the enormities of Baikal (iv) all the above Answer: (b) (iv) all the above (c) The altitude of 'Lake Balkan' is --, (i) 456 m. (ii) 445 m .(iii) 730 m. (iv) 636 km. Answer: (c) (i) 456 m (d) The weather becomes sunny and bright when the wind blows from the opposite of (i) north (ii) south (iii) cast (iv) west Answer: (d) (ii) south (e) 'Gigantic' could be best replaced by --, (i) tiny (ii) enormous (iii) little (iv) short Answer: (e) (ii) enormous (f) What is the synonym of 'exceptional"? (i) usual (ii) simple (iii) normal (iv) extra—ordinary Answer: (f) (iv) extra-ordinary (g) Lake Baikal is situated – . (i) in the middle of Asia (ii) in the exterior of Asia (iii) nearly in the core of Asia (iv) in the facial point of Asia Answer: (g) (i) in the middle of Asia Extra Questions: (1) -- How long is the lake? (i) 6,36,000 m (ii) 636 m (iii) 6.36 km (iv) 456 km Answer: (1) (i) 6,36,000 m (2) What is the most significant Baikal? (i) It has many springs (ii) It is the world's deepest lake (iii) It is situated at the center of a (iv) It can reserve one fifth of the surface water. Answer: (2) (iv) It can reserve one fifth of the world's fresh surface water (3) Which of the following has the meaning of the word 'ancient used in (i) Magnificent (ii)Contemporary (iii) Antique (iv) Stormy Answer: (3) (iii) Antique (4) The word 'Autonomous' refers to , (i) subjugate (ii) subservient (iii) subjected (iv) self-governing Answer: (4) (iv) self-governing (5) The lake is -- (i) calm and quiet (ii) tranquil (iii) sober (iv) gusty Answer: (5) (iv) gusty (6) In the passage, the phrase "miracle nature" stands for – (i) the scenario around lake Baikal (ii) Lake Baikal itself (iii) the hot springs around Lake Baikal (iv) wonderful creation of nature Answer: (6) (iv) wonderful creation of nature (7) The color of the water changes depending. on (i)wind (ii) weather (iii) climate (iv) air Answer: (7) (ii) (i) wind (8) The weather looks sunny when wind blows from , (i) south (ii) east (iii) west (iv) north Answer: (8) (iv) north (9) How can Lake Baikal be defined? (i) deepest (ii) one of the most antique (iii) adorable (iv) All the above Answer: (9) (iv) All the above (10) Which of the following statement (i) Lake Baikal sometimes has green  (ii) The water of the lake is drinks (iii) The beauty of the lake depends o (iv) The beauty of the lake is atypical Answer: (10) (iv) The beauty of the lake is atypical (11) What does the word 'occupy' means in (i) hold (ii) take up (iii) beguile (iv) none of the above Answer: (11) (ii) take up (12) The average width of the Lake Balkal is -- (i) 730 m (ii) 48km (iii) 79.4 km (iv) 1620 m Answer: (12) (ii) 48 km (13) Which of the following statements is true about the energy source of Lake Baikal? (i) It is a gigantic lake (ii) The wind blows in various directions of the lake (iii) Autumn is the stormiest time for the lake (iv) The lake acts as a powerful generator Answer: (13) (iv) The lake acts as a powerful generator (14) What does the expression 'Lake Baikal gigantic bowl' mean? (i) The lake is the smallest lake in shape (ii) The lake is a very big bowl (iii) It is a very big container of water (iv) It is one of the most miniature lakes Answer: (14) (iii) It is a very big container of water (15) When the winds get stronger, the water of the lake turns, (i) blue and green (ii) green iii) dark blue (iv) black Answer: (15) (iv) black (16) What do you understand by the phrase 'fresh surface water'? (i) Fresh sea--water (ii) Unpolluted river water (iii) Non--salty surface water (iv) Fresh drinking water Answer: (16) (iii) Non-salty surface water (17) The weather of Lake Baikal depends on ---- (i) storm (ii) sun (iii) surrounding springs (iv) air-current Answer: (17) liv) air-current (18) The water of hot springs  in the surrounding area of Lake Baikal is – (i) extraordinary (ii) common (iii) fake (iv) excellent Answer: (18) (iv) excellent (19) The water of the lake -- green and dark blue. (i) assumes (ii) discards (iii) speculates (iv) guesses Answer: (19) (i) assumes (20) Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word 'cover' in the line 7? (i) safeguard (ii) area (iii) envelop (iv) skin Answer: (20) (iii) envelop Short Answer Question 2. Answer the following questions. (a) How is Lake Baikal unique? Answer: (a) Lake Baikal is unique because of the presence of hot springs in the surround area, The quality of these spring excellent and the lake acts as a power generator and bio filter producing this water. (b)From your reading of paragraph 1 of the passage, give a description of Baikal. Answer: (b) Lake Baikal, situated almost in the center of Asia is the deepest and most ancient lake of the world. It's like a gigantic bowl. It is located in the south Eastern Siberia, in the Buryat Autonomous and region of Irkutsk, Russia. ( c) Why is the beauty of Baikal extra--ordinary? Answer: (c) The beauty of Lake Baikal is entre ordinary because its beauty changes with the change of its weather. (d)What is the lake famous for? Answer: (d) The lake is famous for its grand, enormous, unusual and charming miracle of nature. (e) Why is it a stormy lake? Answer: (e) It is a stormy lake because in Autumn the wind blows from various directions. Extra Questions: (1)How much water can Lake Baikal contain? Answer:  (1) Lake Baikal can contain 23.000 cu.km of water which is about one fifth of the world's reserves of fresh surface water. (2)When does sunny and bright weather remain in the lake? Answer: (2) When the wind blows from the north, sunny and bright weather remains in the lake. (3) What has been mentioned in the passage about the depth and length of Lake Baikal? Answer: (3) The average depth of Lake Bakal is 730 m. and its maximum depth is 1820 m The length of Lake Baikal is 636 km. (4) Mention at least seven adjectives that are used to describe this magnanimous lake. Answer: (4) Seven adjectives that are used to describe this magnanimous lake are and enormous, changing, excellent, exceptional gigantic and powerful. (5) What type of Lake is Baikal? What is the maximum depth of the lake? Answer: (5) Lake Baikal is the deepest and one of the biggest and most ancient lames of the world the maximum depth of the lake is 192. (6) What are the effects of strong wind on the Lake Baikal? Answer: (6) Baikal turns black, waves rising him white crest when the wind gets stronger. (7) Mention the area position of Lake Baikal. Answer: (7) The lake covers an area of 31.500 km. It is 636 km long and an average of 43 wide. The widest point of the lake is 79.4 km. The water basis occupies 557.000 sq.km , and contains 23.000 km of water. (8)How is the lake Baikal a source of excellent quality water? Answer: (8) There are hot springs in the surrounding area of Lake Baikal, so the quality of water of these springs is excellent. The lake acts as a powerful generator and bio filter producing this water. Bangla Translation বৈকাল হ্রদ পৃথিবীর সবচেয়ে গভীরতম এবং বৃহত্তম এবং প্রাচীন হ্রদগুলির মধ্যে একটি। এটি প্রায় এশিয়ার কেন্দ্রস্থলে অবস্থিত। বৈকাল হ্রদ সমুদ্রপৃষ্ঠ থেকে ৪৪৫ মিটার উঁচুতে অবস্থিত একটি বিশাল পাত্র। প্রকৃতির এই বিশাল, অস্বাভাবিক এবং মনোমুগ্ধকর অলৌকিক ঘটনাটি পূর্ব সাইবেরিয়ার দক্ষিণে, বুরিয়াত স্বায়ত্তশাসিত (PTO) প্রজাতন্ত্র এবং রাশিয়ার ইরকুটস্ক অঞ্চলে অবস্থিত। হ্রদটি ৩১,৫০০ বর্গ কিলোমিটার জুড়ে বিস্তৃত। এটি ৬৩৬ কিমি দীর্ঘ এবং গড়ে ৪৮ কিমি প্রস্থ। হ্রদের প্রশস্ততম স্থান ৭৯.৪ কিমি। জলাধারটি ৫,৫৭,০০০ বর্গ কিলোমিটার জুড়ে বিস্তৃত এবং ২৩,০০০ বর্গ কিলোমিটার জল ধারণ করে, যা বিশ্বের সংরক্ষিত মিষ্টি ভূপৃষ্ঠের পানির প্রায় এক পঞ্চমাংশ। "বৈকাল হ্রদের চারপাশে উষ্ণ প্রস্রবণ রয়েছে" "জলের প্রস্রবণের মান চমৎকার। এই হ্রদটি একটি শক্তিশালী জেনারেটর এবং জৈব ফিল্টার হিসেবে কাজ করে যা এই জল উৎপাদন করে। বালকাল ১৯ একটি ঝড়ো হ্রদ, শরৎকাল হল সবচেয়ে ঝড়ো সময়। বাতাস বিভিন্ন দিকে প্রবাহিত হয়। আবহাওয়া বাতাসের উপর নির্ভর করে। যদি উত্তর দিক থেকে প্রবাহিত হয়, তাহলে আবহাওয়া উজ্জ্বল এবং রৌদ্রোজ্জ্বল থাকে। হ্রদের জল সবুজ এবং গাঢ় নীল দেখায়। কিন্তু যদি বাতাস আরও জোরে হয়। বৈকাল কালো হয়ে যায়, ঢেউ সাদা চূড়া দিয়ে হালকাভাবে উঠে। বৈকাল হ্রদের সৌন্দর্য ব্যতিক্রমী।" Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.        Lake Baikal is the deepest and one of the biggest and most ancient lakes of the world. It is situated almost in the centre of Asia. Lake Baikal is a gigantic bowl set 445 meter above sea level.  This grand, enormous, unusual and charming miracle of nature is located in the south of Eastern Siberia, in the Buryat Autonomous Republic and region of Irkutsk, Russia. The lake covers 31,500 sq.km . It is 636 km long and an average of 48 km wide. The widest point of the lake is 79.4 km. The water basin occupies 557,000 sq. km. and contains 23,000 cu.km .(cubic kilometer) of  water, which is about one fifth of the world’s reserves fresh surface water. The average water level in the lake is never higher than 456m. The average depth of Lake Baikal is 730 m., and its maximum depth in the middle is 1,620 m. It would take about one year for all the rivers of the world to fill Baikal’s basin, and would take four hundred years for all the rivers, streams and brooks now flowing into Siberian lake-sea to do the same. There are hot springs in the surrounding area of Lake Baikal. The quality of the water of these springs is excellent. The lake acts as a powerful generator and bio filter producing this water. Baikal is a stormy lake. Autumn is the most stormy time. The wind blows  various directions. The weather depends on the wind. If it is blowing from the north, the weather is bright and sunny. The water of the lake looks green and dark blue. But if the winds get stronger, Baikal turns black, waves rising high with white crest. The beauty of Lake Baikal is exceptional. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a) To fill the basin of Baikal, it will take about — for all the rivers of the world.         (i) four hundred years ii) one month             iii) one year                 iv) two weeks b) Lake Baikal turns —- when wind gets stronger. i) black ii) blue                         iii) green                      iv) dark blue c) This exceptional lake is a—-. i) stormy sea ii) stormy lake              iii) pacific lake             iv) Siberian lake sea d) The water of the lake looks —-. i) green and blue ii) black                       iii) green                      iv) blue e) Lake Baikal is situated in —-. i) Asia ii) America                  iii) Africa                     iv) Arabia f) The lake area is —-. i) 31,500 sq. km ii) 31,500 km.              iii) 557,000 sq km        23,000 sq km The length of the lake is —-. i) 636 km ii) 630 km                    iii) 650 km                   iv) 536 km   Extra Practices h) The look of Lake Baikal û —. i) fine ii) wonderful               iii) excellent                 iv) exceptional i) The maximum depth of the lake is —-. 1.         i) 1600 km ii) 1620 km                  iii) 1620m                    iv) 1550 m j) Baikal is a ——. (i)    stormy sea         (ii)    pacific lake          (iii) stormy lake            (iv) pacific sea k) The water of the lake looks——. (i)    green and blue   (ii)    green and dark blue (iii)  green                 (iv)   blue l) When wind gets stronger. Lake Baikal turns——. (i)    green                 (ii)    blue                     (iii) dark blue                (iv) black m) The average depth of the lake is ——. (i)    703 m                (ii)    730 m                  (iii) 70.3 m                   (iv) 730 cm n) To fill the basin of Baikal, it will take about one year for all the ——. (i)    ponds of the world                                 (ii)  rivers of Bangladesh (iii)  rivers of the world                                 (iv) ponds and rivers of Bangladesh o) — is the deepest and must ancient lakes of the world. (i) Lake Panama        (ii) Lake Baikal            (iii) Lake Sahara          (iv) Lake Shaikh p) It is situated in the center of — (i) Africa                   (ii) Asia                       (iii) Europe                  (iv) Sudan 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What is lake Baikal? b)         What is the average depth of the lake? c)         What does the water of the lake look? d)         Where is the lake situated? e)         What is the quality of the water of the surrounding springs?   Extra Practices 1.         What’s the length of the lake? 2.         What’s the average depth of the lake? 3.         What type of lake is Baikal? 4.         What’s the maximum depth of the lake? 5.         What does the weather depend on? 6.         How does the water of the lake look like? Ad 1.      a. iii) one year; b. i) black; c. ii) stormy lake; d. i) green and blue; e. i) Asia; f. i) 31,500sq. km; g. i) 636 km; h. iv) exceptional; i. iii) 1629 m; j. (iii) ; k. (ii) ; l. (iv) ; m. (ii); n. (iii) ; o. (ii) Lake Baikal; p. (ii) Asia. 2.      a. Lake Baikal is the deepest and one of the biggest and most ancient lakes of the world. The average depth of the lake is 730 m. The water of the lake looks green and dark blue. The lake is situated almost in the centre of Asia. The quality is of the nature of the surrounding springs is excellent. Ad

Read the following passage and answer the question below The French sculptor Frederie Auguste Bartholdi  to design and complete  a sculpture Liberty Enlightening the World within 1070, so that it could be a win for the Americana on the occasion of hundredth anniversary of the American Declaration of independence. The statue was a joint venture between the USA and Trance. The French people would build the statue and assemble the States, and the people of the USA were to build the pedestal for the Statue. Raising money for the pedestal was completed in August 1886. The construction of the pedestal was Monished in April 1880. In the meantime, France completed the statue in July 1884. They sent it to New York on board the French warship 'Isere' in 1885. While transporting the statue, it was split up Into 350 pieces and packed in 214 crates, it took four months to put the Statue together and place it on the pedestal. Thousands of people saw the unveiling ceremony of the Statue of Liberty on 28 October 1886. It was centennial gift (will wale) ten years late. The freedom that the Statue stands for is not stationary. The broken chains wrapped around her feet, sticking from the bottom of her robe, symbolizes (6 41960) her free forward movement, enlightening the world with her torch, free from oppression and slavery. The Statue's original torch was the first part constructed in 1876. It was replaced by a new copper torch covered in 24K gold leaf in 1984. The torch is lighted by Mood light at night. The original torch is currently located in the lobby of the monument. Access to the torch has been closed since 1916. From 28 October 2011, on her 125th anniversary. The Statue of Liberty was also named "Liberty Enlightening the World Wide Web". The credit goes to a series of new web cams placed around her torch. Several amazing views will be just a click of a mouse away. On clear days, three cameras provide unobstructed views of scenes far and near. Two cameras provide an ultra-wide--angle interactive view of the famous golden torch. The remaining camera looks downward towards the crown of The Statue of Liberty, her face and the tablet she is holding. So a person can have access to the web cam's live feed of The Statue of Liberty from anywhere in the world. Multiple Choice Questions 1. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives, (a) Which of the following statement is true according to the text? (i) The Statue of Liberty was the outcome of the sole endeavor of the USA (ii) The Statue is connected to the Internet (iii) The torch of the Statue was fully made of gold (iv) The Statue was in complete set form during transportation Answer: (a) (ii) The Statue is connected to the Internet (b) The Statue of Liberty stands for ---- (i) strength and vigour (ii) freedom and enlightenment (iii) struggle and enslavement (iv) forward movement and competition Answer: (b) (ii) freedom and enlightenment (c) What does the word 'assemble' in para 1 mean? (i) disperse (ii) congregate (iii) dismantle (iv) split Answer: (c) (ii) congregate (d) What was true about the centennial gift? (i) People wanted the gift for ten years (ii) It took ten years to make the gift (iii) It was completed after ten years of its due date (iv) The gift was delayed due to its transportation problem Answer: (d) (iii) it was completed after ten years of its due date (e) What is the main purpose of the author of this passage? (i) to show the artistic and architectural excellence of the Statue of Liberty (ii) to uphold the amicability of the French people (iii) to show bilateral relation between America and France (iv) to represent the Statue in which the spirit of independence and wisdom is imbibed Answer: (e) (iv) to represent the Statue in which the spirit of independence and wisdom in imbibed. (f) In the 'Isere' the Statue was in----configuration (i) fragmented (ii) full--fledged (iii) consummate (iv) absolute Answer: (f) (i) fragmented (g) How much time did it take to compile the statue? (i) more than half a year (ii) less than a couple of month (iii) more than three months (iv) less than four months Answer: (g) (ii) more than three months Extra Questions: (1) Which of the following statement is true about the Statue of Liberty? (i) The Statue of Liberty was borrowed from France by the United States. (ii) The Statue of Liberty was received from France by the United States. (iii) The Statue of Liberty was hired from France by the United States. (iv) The Statue of Liberty was purchased from France by the United States. Answer: (1) (i) The statue of Liberty was received from France by the United States (2) The pedestal was constructed by (i) popular subscription (ii) donation of govt (iii) donation of a rich man (iv) France Answer: (2) (i) popular subscription (3) The phrase 'unobstructed scenes and views' means -- (i) clear image that looks nice (ii) clear scenario (iii) untidy scenes and views (iv) unique image Answer: (3) (ii) clear scenario (4) What is the main purpose of the author of the passage? (i) To highlight about Frederic Auguste Bartholdi (ii) To tell about the construction of the Statue of Liberty (iii) To highlight about the Statue of Liberty and its donation (iv) To tell about France and America Answer: (4) (ii) To tell about the construction of the Statue of Liberty (5) The statue was made for presenting the USA (i) on its centennial celebration of liberation (ii) for celebrating hundred occasions (iii) for celebrating a treaty (iv) as a token of friendship Answer: (5) (i) on its centennial celebration of liberation (6) The word 'occasion' means -- (i) episode (ii) instant (iii) occurrence (iv) affair Answer: (6) (iii) occurrence (7) The construction of the statue was assigned to be completed by — (i) 1876 (ii) 1987 (iii) 1897 (iv) 1952 Answer: (7) (i) 1876 (8) The Statue of Liberty is situated in (i) France (ii) the UK'. (iii) the USA (iv) India Answer:   (8) (iii) the USA (9) The sentence "It was a centennial gift ten years late" means – (i) They gave gift in ten years (ii) The people wanted for ten years to get a gift (iii) It took long ten years to prepare ten gifts (iv) The gift was completed after ten years of Answer: (9) (iv) The gift was completed after ten years of its due date (10) The term "the hundred years" implies , (i) a century (ii) a decade (iii) a quarter of a year (iv) a golden jubilee. Answer: (10) (i) a century (11) Who had to bear the expenses of the Statue? (i) the Americans (ii) the Bangladesh (iii) the French (iv) the Italians Answer: (11) (iii) the French (12) The broken chain wrapped around the feet of the statue symbolizes — (i) independence of America (ii) oppression of America (iii) enlightening the world (iv) free from oppression and slavery Answer: (12) (iv) free from oppression and slavery (13) The phrase 'centennial gift' means -- (i) one century old gift (ii) yearly present on the basis of friendship (iii) gist on hundred year’s celebration (iv) one hundred gifts Answer: (13) (iii) gift on hundred years celebration (14) The construction was finished by France in the year of (i) 1884 (ii) 1885 (iii) 1886 (iv) 1887 Answer: (14) (i) 1884 (15) What does the torch symbolize? (i) Capturing the whole world (ii) Showing way to the world (iii) Spreading knowledge (iv) Enlightening the world Answer: (15) (iv) Enlightening the world (16) Who had to bear the expenses of the pedestal of the statue? (i) the Americans (ii) the Europeans (iii) the French (iv) the Italians Answer: (16) (i) the Americans (17) What is the opposite meaning of the word 'unveil'? (i) reveal (ii) cover (iii) show (iv) present Answer: (17) (ii) cover (18) What does the word venture' mean in the text? (i) adventure (ii) enterprise (iii) persuade (iv) risk Answer: (18) (ii) enterprise (19) The Statue of Liberty was a present to (i) the USA (ii) France (iii) the French (iv) Bartholdi Answer: (19) (i) the USA (20) When was the pedestal finished? (i) in summer in 1884 (ii) in summer in 1885 (iii) in summer in 1886 (iv) in summer in 1888 Answer: (20) (ii) in summer in 1885 Short Answer Questions 2. Answer the following questions. (a) Why was the statue named Liberty Enlightening the World Wide Web? Answer: (a) The statue was named Liberty Enlightening the World Wide Web due to the addition of new web cams which provide access to the web cam's live feed of The Statue of Liberty from anywhere in the world. (b) How are the new features added to the statue? Answer: (b) The new features are added by placing a series of new web cams at The Statue of Liberty that gives many amazing views. With a click of a mouse a person can have access to the web cam's live feed of the Statue of Liberty from all over the world (c) What was the responsibility Frederic Auguste Bartholdi entrusted with? Answer: (c) Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, a French sculptor was entrusted with the task of designing and completing a sculpture to be gifted by the French on the occasion of celebrating the centennial of American Declaration of Independence. (d) What is the specialty of the new torch? Answer: (d) The speciality of the new torch is that it is made of copper covered in 24 k gold leaf. It has a series of new web cams placed around her. (e) How can people around the world have live feed of the Statue? Answer: (e) People around the world can have live feed of the Statue with the help of web cams placed around the torch. Extra Questions: (1) What does the Statue of Liberty stand for? Answer: (1) The Statue of Liberty stands for international friendship. (2) What do you mean by the term 'centennial gift? Answer: (2) 'Centennial' means a century. The gift which is given on the occasion of a century is called a centennial gift. (3) What do you understand by the expression "enlightening the world"? Answer: (3) 'Enlightening the world' symbolises free from oppression and slavery. (4) In what way, has the Statue of Liberty become a global symbol of freedom? Answer: (4) The Statue of Liberty has become a global symbol of freedom and this freedom has been shown here in the passage by the en broken chain wrapped around her the statue's feet.  (5) How did France send the statue to the USA? Answer: (5) France sent the statue to the USA on board on the French Warship 'Isere' in 1885. The statue was split up into 350 individual pieces and packed in 214 crates. (6) How has new technology made it possible for people to see the statue from anywhere they are? Answer: (6) By the help of a series of web cams related with computer internet, it has been made possible for people to see it from anywhere. On (7) What does the broken chain wrapped around the feet of the Statue symbolize? Answer: (7) The broken chain wrapped around the statue's feet symbolizes her free forward movement, enlightening the world. (8) What is the importance of the Statue of Liberty? Answer: (8) The importance of The Statue of Liberty is that it symbolizes liberty all over the world. (9) How was the Statue of Liberty transported? Answer: (9) The Statue of Liberty was transported by the French war ship 'Isere' in 1885. While transporting the statue, it was split up into 350 individual pieces and packed in 214 crates. It took four months to put the statue together and place it on the pedestal. (10) Why did France present the Statue of Liberty to the USA? Answer: (10) France presented the Statue of Liberty to the USA as a gift for the Americans on the of occasion of celebrating the hundred years of the American Declaration of Independence. (11) "The broken chain wr apped around her feet, sticking out from the bottom of her robe, symbolizes her free forward movement, enlightening the world with her torch, free from oppression and slavery." What does the author want to mean by this? Explain in 2/3 sentences. Answer: (11) By this the author means to say that the statue that stands for freedom is not of stationary. Rather, it symbolizes the overthrow of tyranny and establish international friendship among the countries of the world. (12) What were the conditions of the joint venture? Answer: (12) The conditions of the joint venture between France and the USA were that the French people would build the statue and assemble it in the States and the people of the USA were to build the pedestal for the statue. (13) Describe how the freedom of the statue is Answer: (13) The freedom of the statue is not stationary as a person can have access to the webcam's live feed of the Statue of Liberty from anywhere in the world. (14) Why was the Statue of Liberty important for the Americans? Answer: (14) The Statue of Liberty was important for the iv) Americans because France gifted it to them on the occasion of celebration of their hundred years of declaration of independence. (15) Do you support the idea that the Statue of Liberty bears a great significance for the promotion of human civilization? Why/Why not? Explain in 2/3 sentences. Answer: (15) Yes, I support the idea. The Statue of Liberty bears a great significance for the promotion of human civilization because it enlightens the world free from oppression and slavery. (16) Who had to bear the expenses of the pedestal of the statue? Answer: (16) The people of the USA had to bear the expenses of the pedestal of the statue. (17) Why is 28th October, 1886 a special day? Answer: (17) 28th October, 1886 is a special day because thousands of people saw the unveiling ceremony of the Statue of Liberty. Bangla Translation ফরাসি ভাস্কর ফ্রেডেরি অগাস্ট বার্থোল্ডি ১০৭০ সালের মধ্যে "লিবার্টি এনলাইটেনিং দ্য ওয়ার্ল্ড" নামে একটি ভাস্কর্য ডিজাইন এবং সম্পূর্ণ করার জন্য, যাতে এটি আমেরিকান স্বাধীনতা ঘোষণার শততম বার্ষিকী উপলক্ষে আমেরিকানার জন্য একটি জয় হতে পারে। মূর্তিটি ছিল মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র এবং ট্রান্সের যৌথ উদ্যোগ। ফরাসি জনগণ মূর্তিটি নির্মাণ করবে এবং রাজ্যগুলিকে একত্রিত করবে এবং মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের জনগণ মূর্তিটির জন্য ভিত্তি তৈরি করবে। ভিত্তি তৈরির জন্য অর্থ সংগ্রহ ১৮৮৬ সালের আগস্টে সম্পন্ন হয়। ভিত্তি তৈরির কাজ ১৮৮০ সালের এপ্রিলে অর্থায়ন করা হয়। ইতিমধ্যে, ফ্রান্স ১৮৮৪ সালের জুলাই মাসে মূর্তিটি সম্পন্ন করে। তারা ১৮৮৫ সালে ফরাসি যুদ্ধজাহাজ 'ইসেরে'তে করে এটি নিউ ইয়র্কে পাঠায়। মূর্তিটি পরিবহনের সময়, এটি ৩৫০টি টুকরো করে ২১৪টি বাক্সে প্যাক করা হয়েছিল, মূর্তিটি একত্রিত করতে এবং ভিত্তি স্থাপন করতে চার মাস সময় লেগেছিল। ১৮৮৬ সালের ২৮শে অক্টোবর হাজার হাজার মানুষ স্ট্যাচু অফ লিবার্টির উন্মোচন অনুষ্ঠানটি দেখেছিলেন। এটি ছিল দশ বছর পরের শতবর্ষের উপহার (হবে)। মূর্তিটি যে স্বাধীনতার প্রতীক তা স্থির নয়। তার পোশাকের নীচ থেকে আটকে থাকা ভাঙা শিকল তার মুক্ত অগ্রসরতার প্রতীক (৬ ৪১৯৬০) যা তার মশাল দিয়ে বিশ্বকে আলোকিত করে, নিপীড়ন এবং দাসত্ব থেকে মুক্ত করে। মূর্তির মূল মশালটি ছিল ১৮৭৬ সালে নির্মিত প্রথম অংশ। এটি ১৯৮৪ সালে ২৪ ক্যারেট সোনার পাতায় ঢাকা একটি নতুন তামার মশাল দ্বারা প্রতিস্থাপিত হয়েছিল। রাতে মুড লাইট দ্বারা মশালটি জ্বালানো হয়। মূল মশালটি বর্তমানে স্মৃতিস্তম্ভের লবিতে অবস্থিত। ১৯১৬ সাল থেকে মশালটিতে প্রবেশ বন্ধ রয়েছে। ২৮শে অক্টোবর ২০১১ থেকে, তার ১২৫তম বার্ষিকীতে। স্ট্যাচু অফ লিবার্টির নামকরণ করা হয়েছিল "লিবার্টি এনলাইটেনিং দ্য ওয়ার্ল্ড ওয়াইড ওয়েব"। এর কৃতিত্ব তার মশালের চারপাশে স্থাপন করা একাধিক নতুন ওয়েব ক্যামের জন্য। মাত্র এক ক্লিকেই বেশ কিছু অসাধারণ দৃশ্য দেখা যাবে। পরিষ্কার দিনে, তিনটি ক্যামেরা দূর এবং কাছের দৃশ্যের অবাধ দৃশ্য প্রদান করে। দুটি ক্যামেরা বিখ্যাত সোনালী মশালের একটি অতি-প্রশস্ত-কোণ ইন্টারেক্টিভ দৃশ্য প্রদান করে। বাকি ক্যামেরাটি স্ট্যাচু অফ লিবার্টির মুকুট, তার মুখ এবং তার হাতে থাকা ট্যাবলেটের দিকে নিচের দিকে তাকায়।  তাই একজন ব্যক্তি বিশ্বের যেকোনো স্থান থেকে ওয়েব ক্যামের স্ট্যাচু অফ লিবার্টির লাইভ ফিডে অ্যাক্সেস করতে পারবেন। Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                  The French Sculptor Fredic Auguste Bartholdi was assigned to design and complete a sculpture within 1876, so that it could be a gift for the Americans on the occasion of celebrating the hundred years of the American Declaration of Independence. The statue was a joint venture between the USA and France. The French people would build the statue and assemble it in the States, and the people of the USA were to build the pedestal for the statue. Raising money for the pedestal was completed in August 1885. The construction of the pedestal was finished in April 1886. In the meantime, France completed the Statue in July 1884. They sent it to New York on board the French war ship ‘Isere’ in 1885. While transporting the statue, it was split up into 350 individual pieces and packed in 214 crates. It took four months to put the Statue together and place it on the pedestal. Thousands of people saw the unveiling ceremony of the Statue of Liberty on October 28th 1886. It was centennial gift ten years late. The Freedom that the Statue stands for is not stationary. The broken chain wrapped around her feet, protruding from the bottom of her robe, symbolizes her free forward movement, enlightening the world with her torch, free from oppression and slavery. The Statue’s original torch was the first part constructed in 1876. It was replaced by a new copper torch covered in 24K gold leaf in 1984.  The torch is lighted by flood light at night.  The original torch is currently located in the lobby of the monument.  Access to the torch has been closed since 1916. From October 28, 2011, on her 125th anniversary, the Statue of Liberty was named “Liberty Enlightening the World Wide Web”. The credit goes to a series of new web cams placed around her torch. Several amazing views will be just a click of a mouse away. On clear days, three cameras provide unobstructed scenes and views. Two cameras  provide an ultra wide-angle interactive view of the famous golden torch. The remaining camera looks downwards towards the crown of The Statue of liberty, her face, the tablet she is holding from your computer or smart phone. So a person can have access to the web cam’s live feed of The Statue of Liberty from anywhere in the world. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 The Statue of Liberty symbolizes —-. i) freedom                                     ii) struggle against tyranny iii) Liberation War                                       iv) Justice It is a gesture of — friendship. i) global ii) international            iii) unique                    iv) both (i) & (ii) Broken chain means—-. 1.         i) rise of tyranny                                     ii) overthrow of tyranny iii) the death of oppression                           iv) the start of oppression The Statue of Liberty is the shape of —-. i) man ii) woman                    iii) building                  iv) flower Who is the designer of the Statue of Liberty? i) Loius Khan ii) Anam                      iii) Fredeirc Bertholdi  iv) Joynul Abedin The Statue of Liberty is the shape of —-. i) man ii) woman                    iii) building                  iv) flower Who is the designer of the Statue of Liberty? i) Loius Khan ii) Anam                      iii) Fredeirc Bertholdi  iv) Joynul Abedin Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         Where is the Statue of Liberty? b)         Who designed the statue? c)         Who does broken chain stand for? d)         Who donated money to make it? e)         Why is 4 July 1776 a historical day? 1.      a. i) freedom; b. iv) both i and ii; c. i) overthrow of tyranny; d. ii) woman; e. iii) Frederic Bartholdi. 2.      a. The Staute of Liberty is situated in New York. A French sculptor Frederic Bartholdi was the designer of the statue. The broken chain stands for the overthrow of tyranny. The people of Franch and the US donors dontated money to make it. 4 July 1976 is a historical day because the USA has become an independent country on this day. Ad 1.      a. i) freedom; b. iv) both i and ii; c. i) overthrow of tyranny; d. ii) woman; e. iii) Frederic Bartholdi. 2.      a. The Staute of Liberty is situated in New York. A French sculptor Frederic Bartholdi was the designer of the statue. The broken chain stands for the overthrow of tyranny. The people of Franch and the US donors dontated money to make it. 4 July 1976 is a historical day because the USA has become an independent country on this day. Ad

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                Paharpur is an important archaeological site situated in a village named ‘Paharpur’ in Naogaon district of northern Bangladesh. Naogoan is mainly plain land but in the middle of it stood a hill covered with jungle. When the jungle was cleared and the hill excavated, there emerged a lofty ruin of an ancient temple. The temple is about 24 metre high from the surrounding level. ‘Pahar’ means hill. Hence is the name Paharpur. The Paharpur site has been excavated and re-excavated a number of times by archaeologists. Sir Alexander visited the place in 1879. Cunningham intended to carry out an extensive excavation but was prevented by the land owner. Nevertheless, he was satisfied with whatever excavation he was permitted to carry on. He discovered the ruins of a square tower of 22 feet side with a projection in the middle of each side from the top of the central hill. The site was declared to be protected by the Archaeological Survey of India in 1919 under the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act of 1904. Systematic and regular excavation started jointly by Archaeological Survey of India, and Varendra Research Society of Rajshahi and Kolkata ( at that time known as Calcutta) University  in 1923. They excavated the south-west corner of the monastery. Next in 1925-26, R D Banerjee excavated the northern part of the central mound. From 1926-27 onward excavation was carried out under the supervision of KN Dikshit. The Department of Archaeology of Bangladesh brought the site under further excavation after independence. The operations took place in two phases. The first phase was initiated in 1981-82 and continued to 1984-1985. The second phase was started in 1988-89 and continued  to 1990-91. Pre-liberation expeditions have revealed the architectural remains of a vast Buddhist monastery, the Somapura Mahavihara. It is dominated by the central shrine, attracting immediate attention by its lofty height   and  unusual architectural design. Somapura Mahavihara was one of the most famous Buddhist institutions for monks of ancient Bengal and in southern Asia. The excavated complex at Paharpur has been identified with the Somapura Mahavihara built by the second Pala king Dharmapala (781-821 AD). Some clay seals from the ruins bear the inscription Shri-Somapure-Shri-Dharmapaladeva-Mahavihariyarya-bhiksu-sangghasya. The Pala rulers were devout Buddhists and they founded a number of monasteries throughout their growing empire. Some of them became great centres of learning and their reputation quickly spread throughout Asia. Somapura Mahavihara’s close relationship with the ruling dynasty implied that it shared the political ups and downs of its benefactors. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a) Who prevented an extensive excavation? i) Sir Alexander ii) Cunningham            iii) the land owner        iv) the people b) — declared Paharpur to be protected. i) Varendra Research Society ii) The Department of Archaeology of Bangladesh iii) All iv) The Archaeological Survey of India c) The Department of Archaeology of Bangladesh stopped further excavation in —. 1.         i) 1980 ii) 1985                        iii) 1989                       iv) 1991 d) When were the architectural remains of a vast Buddhist monastery revealed? i) after liberation ii) pre-liberation;          iii) in `1990                 iv) in 1989 e) Paharpur was in –. i) northern Asia ii) southern Asia          iii) northern America   iv) southern America f) Paharpur is situated in a village named —. (i)   Mirpur                (ii)    Paharpur              (iii)   Ruppur                (iv)   Lalpur 1.         g) Naogon is mainly plain —. (i)   land                    (ii)    house                   (iii)   building               (iv)   pond Extra Practices 1.         h) The temple is about — metre high from the surrounding level. (i)   22                       (ii)    23                        (iii)   24                        (iv)   25 1.         i) ‘Pahar’ means —. (i)   pond                   (ii)    hill                       (iii)   river                     (iv)   house 1.         j) When was Alexander visited Paharpur? (i)   in 1985               (ii)    in 1885                (iii)   in 1989                (iv)   in 1879 1.         k) What is Paharpur? (i)   an important archaeological site              (ii)    World heritage (iii) Shrine                                                     (iv)   antique 1.         l) Where is Paharpur? (i)   Dinajpur             (ii)    Rangpur               (iii)   Naogaon              (iv)   Sayedpur 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 3.         Where is Paharpur? 4.         Which department brought the site under further excavation after independence? 5.         What did expeditions reveal? 6.         When was Somapura Mahavihar built? 7.         What did Cunningham find when he was digging the Paharpur site? Extra Practices 1.         Where is the Paharpur situated? g      What thing indicates that the site was built by the second Pal king? 1.         What is Somapura Mahavihara famous for? 2.         What is Pahar? 3.         What did Somapura Mahavihara’s close relatimship with the ruling dynasty imply? 4.         What brought the site under further excavation after independence? 5.         How did the operations take place? 6.         When was the first phase initiated? 7.         How long did it continue? Answer: 1.      a. (i) world’s; b. (i) mime; c. (i) 1979; d. (i) French; e. (ii) three years; f. (iii) mime; g. (ii) sign; 2.      a. Mime touched Majumder’s heart when he was a little boy and was watching a performance in his village. The turning point of life of Majumder came in 1979. The French Govt offered Partha a scholarship in 1981. In ancient time communications took place between humans through signs and gestures. These silent gestures, at one point, evolved as a form of art and came to be known as mime. The name of the school where Partha is placed is “Ecole Internationale de Mimodrame de Paris Marcel Merceau.” Majumder depicted the day-to-day life of the people in his mime. The French Govt offered him scholarship so that Partha could get professional training in mime. Bangla Translation পাহাড়পুর বাংলাদেশের উত্তরাঞ্চলের নওগাঁ জেলার ‘পাহাড়পুর’ গ্রামে অবস্থিত একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ প্রত্নতাত্ত্বিক স্থান। নওগাঁ মূলত সমতল ভূমি হলেও এর মাঝখানে জঙ্গলে ঢাকা একটি পাহাড় ছিল। জঙ্গল পরিষ্কার করে পাহাড় খনন করার সময় একটি প্রাচীন মন্দিরের একটি উঁচু ধ্বংসাবশেষ আবির্ভূত হয়। মন্দিরটি আশেপাশের স্তর থেকে প্রায় ২৪ মিটার উঁচু। ‘পাহাড়’ অর্থ পাহাড়। তাই পাহাড়পুর নামকরণ করা হয়েছে। পাহাড়পুর স্থানটি প্রত্নতাত্ত্বিকরা বেশ কয়েকবার খনন এবং পুনঃখনন করেছেন। স্যার আলেকজান্ডার ১৮৭৯ সালে এই স্থানটি পরিদর্শন করেছিলেন। কানিংহাম একটি বিস্তৃত খননকাজ করার ইচ্ছা পোষণ করেছিলেন কিন্তু জমির মালিক তাকে বাধা দিয়েছিলেন। তবুও, তাকে যে খননকাজ করার অনুমতি দেওয়া হয়েছিল তাতে তিনি সন্তুষ্ট ছিলেন। তিনি কেন্দ্রীয় পাহাড়ের চূড়া থেকে প্রতিটি পাশের মাঝখানে একটি প্রক্ষেপণ সহ ২২ ফুট লম্বা একটি বর্গাকার টাওয়ারের ধ্বংসাবশেষ আবিষ্কার করেন। ১৯১৯ সালে ১৯০৪ সালের প্রাচীন স্মৃতিস্তম্ভ সংরক্ষণ আইনের অধীনে ভারতীয় প্রত্নতাত্ত্বিক জরিপ কর্তৃপক্ষ এই স্থানটিকে সুরক্ষিত ঘোষণা করে। ১৯২৩ সালে ভারতীয় প্রত্নতাত্ত্বিক জরিপ সংস্থা এবং রাজশাহী ও কলকাতার বরেন্দ্র গবেষণা সমিতি (তৎকালীন কলকাতা নামে পরিচিত) বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় যৌথভাবে নিয়মিত ও নিয়মতান্ত্রিক খনন শুরু করে। তারা মঠের দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম কোণে খনন কাজ শুরু করে। এরপর ১৯২৫-২৬ সালে, আর ডি ব্যানার্জি কেন্দ্রীয় ঢিবির উত্তর অংশে খনন কাজ শুরু করেন। ১৯২৬-২৭ সাল থেকে কে এন দীক্ষিতের তত্ত্বাবধানে খনন কাজ শুরু হয়। স্বাধীনতার পর বাংলাদেশের প্রত্নতাত্ত্বিক বিভাগ এই স্থানটিকে আরও খননের আওতায় আনে। দুটি পর্যায়ে কার্যক্রম পরিচালিত হয়। প্রথম পর্যায়টি ১৯৮১-৮২ সালে শুরু হয় এবং ১৯৮৪-১৯৮৫ সাল পর্যন্ত অব্যাহত থাকে। দ্বিতীয় পর্যায়টি ১৯৮৮-৮৯ সালে শুরু হয় এবং ১৯৯০-৯১ সাল পর্যন্ত অব্যাহত থাকে। স্বাধীনতা-পূর্ব অভিযানগুলিতে সোমপুর মহাবিহার নামে একটি বিশাল বৌদ্ধ বিহারের স্থাপত্য ধ্বংসাবশেষ উন্মোচিত হয়েছে। এটি কেন্দ্রীয় মন্দির দ্বারা আধিপত্য বিস্তার করে, যা এর উচ্চ উচ্চতা এবং অস্বাভাবিক স্থাপত্য নকশার কারণে তাৎক্ষণিকভাবে মনোযোগ আকর্ষণ করে। সোমপুর মহাবিহার ছিল প্রাচীন বাংলা এবং দক্ষিণ এশিয়ার ভিক্ষুদের জন্য সবচেয়ে বিখ্যাত বৌদ্ধ প্রতিষ্ঠানগুলির মধ্যে একটি। পাহাড়পুরে খননকৃত কমপ্লেক্সটি দ্বিতীয় পাল রাজা ধর্মপাল (৭৮১-৮২১ খ্রিস্টাব্দ) দ্বারা নির্মিত সোমপুর মহাবিহারের সাথে চিহ্নিত করা হয়েছে। ধ্বংসাবশেষ থেকে প্রাপ্ত কিছু মাটির সীলমোহরে শ্রী-সোমপুরে-শ্রী-ধর্মপালদেব-মহাবিহারীয়-ভিক্ষু-সংঘস্য লেখা রয়েছে। পাল শাসকরা ছিলেন ধর্মপ্রাণ বৌদ্ধ এবং তারা তাদের ক্রমবর্ধমান সাম্রাজ্য জুড়ে বেশ কয়েকটি মঠ প্রতিষ্ঠা করেছিলেন। তাদের মধ্যে কিছু শিক্ষার মহান কেন্দ্র হয়ে ওঠে এবং তাদের খ্যাতি দ্রুত সমগ্র এশিয়া জুড়ে ছড়িয়ে পড়ে। শাসক রাজবংশের সাথে সোমপুর মহাবিহারের ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পর্ক ইঙ্গিত দেয় যে এটি তার হিতৈষীদের রাজনৈতিক উত্থান-পতনের অংশীদার ছিল। Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                  Partha Pratim Majumder was born in 1954 in Pabna to a family of artistes. He spent most of his early years in his ancestral home, one of the biggest houses, situated in a small locality known as Kalachandpara. At that time Kalachandpara was well known for its cultural activities. There were festivals and various types of cultural shows round the year. Majumder’s father, a photographer by profession was an art lover. He taught and inspired his son to appreciate different forms of art. Majumder went to live with his aunt in Chandernagar, 30 kilometres away from Kolkata in 1966. It was there that he first came across a mime artiste named Jogesh Dutta. The way Dutta  narrated  stories without uttering a single word, left Majumder spellbound. He took lessons on mime from Dutta in Jogesh Dutta’s mime academy in Kolkata from 1966 to 1972. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         Majumder went to ----- live with his aunt. (i) Chandpur            (ii) Chanderhat            (iii) Chandernagar        (iv) Chunasughat b)         Majumder’s ----- was a photographer. (i) father                  (ii) brother                   (iii) uncle                     (iv) cousin c)         The birth place of Partha Pratim is -----. (i) Patna                   (ii) Pabna                     (iii) Paharpur               (iv) Parbatipur d)         He was highly inspired by his -----. (i) father                  (ii) mother                   (iii) sister                     (iv) brother e)         Chandernagar is ----- away from Kolkata. (i) forty kms.            (ii) thirty kms.              (iii) thiry miles.            (iv) fifty kms. f)          Majumder was born in -----. (i) 1954                    (ii) 1945                      (iii) 1950                     (iv) 1854 g)         His father was born in -----. (i) artist                    (ii) art lover                 (iii) honest man            (iv) educationist   Extra Practices h)         ----- was well-known for its cultural activities. (i) Kalyanpur           (ii) Kalachandpara       (iii) Khamarpara          (iv) Kamarkhali i)          He went to Chandernagar in -----. (i) 1996                    (ii) 1966                      (iii) 1954                                 (iv) 1960 j)          Majumder took lessons on ----- from Dutta. (i) mime                   (ii) sports                     (iii) photography          (iv) drawing   Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         Why did Majumder go to Chandernagar? b)         Who inspired him to appreciate different forms of art? c)         Where did he take lessons on mime from Dutta? d)         What was Majumder’s father? e)         What made Majumder spellbound?   Extra Practices 1.         When was Partha Pratim Majumder born? 2.         Where did he spend most of his early years? 3.         What was Kalachandpara well known for? 4.         Where was Chandernagar? 5.         Did Partha take lessons on mime? 1.      a. ii) the land owner; b. iv) the Archeological Survey of India; c. iv) 1991; d. ii) Pre-liberation; e. ii) southern Asia. f. (iii); g. (i); 2.      a. Paharpur is in Naogaon district of northern Bangladesh The Department of Archaeology of Bangladesh brought the site under further excavation after independence. Expeditions revealed the architectural site of a vast Buddhist monastery, the Somapura Mahavihara. Somapura Mahavihara was built during 781-821 AD. Cunningham found the ruins of a square tower to 22 feet side with projection in the middle of each side from the top of central hill. Paharpur is situated in a village named ‘Paharpur’ in Naogaon district of northern Bangladesh. Clay seals indicates that the site was built by the second Pala king. Ad Ad

Read the following passage and answer the questions below: ‘Heritage' is what we inherit (Coop 7 773) from  the past live within the present and then pass on to .* children or future generation. Our unique urge of life and inspiration is our cultural and actual heritage. When we speak of 'World Heritage, it indicates places and sites that we inherited from the past and pass on to the future generation of the entire world. The Shat Gambuj Mosque' in Bagerhat is such a place. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Orginally. the historic Mosque City was known as Khalifatabad'. It is situated at the outskirts  of Bagerhat town not very far from the dense mangrove -- forest of the Sundarbans. Khalifatabad was a Muslim colony. It was founded by the Turkish general, a saint warrior Ulugh Khan Jahan in the 15th century. The infrastructure (1971) of the city reveals significant technical skills in many mosques as well as early Islamic monuments. · Baked bricks were used for the construction of the buildings. The planning of the city was dominated by the tradition of Islamic architecture and the decorations were a combination of Mughal and Turkish architecture. Khan Jahan built a network of roads, bridges, public buildings and reservoirs  to make the city habitable. There are about 360 mosques in the city. Among them the most remarkable  is the multi--domed Shat Gombuj Mosque. The mosque is unique in the sense that, it has 60 pillars that support the roof, with 77 low height domes. The towers at 4, corners have smaller domes at the top as well. The vast  prayer hall has 11 arched doorways on the east and 7 each on the north and south for light and ventilation. It has 7 aisles running along the length of the mosque and 11 deep curves between the slender stone columns. These columns support the curving arches created by the domes. The thickness of the arches is 6 feet and have slightly narrowing hollow and round wall. The west wall in the interior has 11 'mihrabs'. These mihrabs are decorated (571671697 2631501) with stonework and terracotta. The floor of the mosque is made of brick. Besides being used as a prayer hall, Khan Jahan used the mosque as his court too. Today, it is one of the greatest tourist attractions and one of the best architectural beauties of Bangladesh. 1. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. (a) Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word 'unique' used in line 2? (i) common . (ii) second to none (iii) general (iv) universal Answer: (a) (ii) second to none (b) Which of the following statement is true about heritage (i) Heritage means that we get from the past (ii) Heritage means that we enjoy in the past (iii) Heritage means that we pass to the future (iv) Heritage means that we get from the past, enjoy in the present and convey it to the future. Answer: (b) (iv) Heritage means that we get from the past, enjoy in the present and convey it to the future (c) The Shat Gambuj Mosque was one of the (i) palaces (ii) World Heritage Sites (iii) buildings (iv) monuments Answer: (c) (ii) World Heritage Sites (d) Khalifatabad was situated in (i) Rajshahi (ii) Jashore (iii) Bagerhat (iv) Khulna Answer: (d) (iii) Bagerhat (e) Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word 'unique' used in line 2? (i) common . (ii) second to none (iii) general (iv) universal Answer: (e) (ii) second to none (f) In paragraph 2, the author says, "The planning of the city is distinctly dominated by Islamic architecture." What does the author mean by this? (i) The city has many religious people (ii) The design of the city resembles the architecture of Islamio countries. (iii) The planning is Islamic in nature (iv) All the buildings look like mosque Answer: (f) (ii) The design of the city resembles the architecture of Islamic countries (g) What is the main purpose of the author of this passage? (i) To show the heroism of Khan Jahan Ali (ii) To show the infrastructure of Bagerhat district (iii) To represent Shat Gambuj Mosque built by Khan Jahan Ali (iv) To introduce Khan Jahan Ali to the reader Answer: (g) (iii) To represent Shat Gambuj Mosque built by Khan Jahan Ali (h) What could be the meaning for 'indicate'? (i) conceal (ii) mislead (iii) hide (iv) denote Answer: (h) (iv) denote Extra Questions : (1) The original name of the city of Shat Gambuj Mosque' is --, .. (i) Bagerhat (ii) Sundarbans (iii) Khalifatabad (iv) Khulna Answer: (1) (iii) Khalifatabad (2) The phrase "Our future generation" means --, (i) people who see the future (ii) people who will die gradually (iii) our future activities (iv) those who will crone after us Answer: (2) (iv) those who will come after us (3) Cultural heritage is not our --, (i) impediment (ii) provocation (iv) stimulation Answer: (3) (i) impediment (4) Heritage refers to the sites that had been passed on to us from our – (i) predecessor (ii) future generation (iii) propagator (iv) descendent Answer: (4) (i) predecessor (5) 'Mihrab' is -- (i) a platform in a mosque (ii) a corner in the mosque facing Qibla (iii) a place for the Muazzin to stand on (iv) a prayer room in the mosque Answer: (5) (ii) a corner in the mosque facing Qibla (6) The mosque is unique in the sense that it has 60 pillars that support the roof What does the word 'support' mean in the above statement? (i) help or encourage somebody (ii) show that something is true (iii) provide somebody with what is necessary (iv) hold somebody or something in position Answer: (6) (iv) hold somebody or something in position  (7) What represents the Mughal and Turkish architecture? (i)The decoration of Shat Gambuj Mosque (ii) The planning of Shat Gambuj Mosque (iii) The decoration of Bagerhat City (iv) The mangrove forest Answer: (7) (iii) The decoration of Bagerhat city (8) How was Shat Gambuj Mosque' acclaimed? (i) By regular visit of tourists (ii) By becoming UNESCO World Heritage Site (iii) By its architectural beauty (iv) By its Interior decoration Answer: (8) (ii) By becoming UNESCO World Heritage Site (9) Why were the arched doorways of the prayer hall set, (i) To beautify the mosque (ii) To decorate the hall (iii) For visiting the hall (iv) To aerate the hall Answer: (9) (iv) To aerate the hall (10) -- is something that we pass on to our future generation according to the text. (i) Wealth (ii) Land (iii) Heritage (iv) Ornaments Answer: (10) (iii) Heritage (11) The word inherit in the first line best reflects the meaning , (i) to search (ii) became heir to (iii) to run after (iv) to see Answer: (11) (ii) become heir to (12) The word 'Habitable' means -- (i) habituated (ii) worthless (iii) livable (iv) sincere Answer: (12) (iii) livable (13) The word 'Infrastructure is a/an ( i)adjective (ii) adverb (iii) verbal noun (iv) noun Answer: (13) (iv) noun (14) What does 'heritage' Imply? ( i)inherited source of wealth (ii) significant technical skills of life (iii) different source of wealth (iv) inherited places and sites Answer: (14). (iv) inherited places and sites (15) The floor of the mosque is made of (i )terracotta (ii) stonework (iii) brick (iv) tiles Answer: (15) (iii) brick (16) The word 'slender' stands for ---- (i) thick (ii) wide (iii) modest (iv) lean Answer: (16) (iv) lean (17) The breadth of the arches 18 -- (i) 3 yards (ii) 4 yards (iii) 5 yards (iv) 2 yards Answer: (17) (iv) 2 yards (18) Which of the following describes Khan Jahan All best (i) kind (ii) warrior (iii) pious (iv) philanthropic Answer: (18) (iv) philanthropic (19) Which of the following statement(a) is true about Khan Jahan All, (i) He was an Alghan warrior (ii) He built some bridges only (iii) He is of Bangladeshi parentage (iv) His philanthropic activities have immortalized him Answer: (19) (iv) His philanthropic activities have immortalized him (20) A Muslim colony was founded near the seacoast in Bagerhat which was a -- (i) barbarous place (ii) desolate place (iii) welcoming place (iv) crowded place Answer: (20) (ii) desolate place (21) The 'mihrabs' are in the (i) east (ii) north (iii) west  (iv) south Answer: (21) (iii) west (22) The Shat Gambuj Mosque has domes altogether. (i) 60 (ii) 81 (iii) 77 (iv) 84 Answer: (22) (iii) 77 (23) 'Colony' means, (i) corruption (ii) rule of overseas (iii) ruled independently (iv) rule of native people Answer: (23) (ii) rule of overseas (24) Which of the following sentences is correct? (i) The city was founded with Islamic  architecture (ii) People from different community lived in Khalifatabad.  (iii) Mughal skills is everywhere in the mosque. (iv) UNESCO has enhanced the mosque's attraction. Answer: (24) (i) The city was founded with Islamic architecture (25) Which of the followings has made the Shat Gambuj Mosque the most significant? (i) its Turkish design (ii) Its being World Heritage Site (iii) its combination of Turkish and Mughal architecture (iv) its being an ancient mosque Answer: (25) (ii) Its being World Heritage Site (26) How is the prayer hall? (i) The prayer hall has 25 doors for light and ventilation (ii) It is decorated with many domes. (iii) Prayer hall is nicely adorned with 60 pillars. (iv) The arches are horizontal. Answer: (26) (i) The prayer hall has 25 doors for light and ventilation (27) What does the expression the outskirts of Bagerhat town' in line 7 mean? (i) in the middle of Bagerhat town (ii) the closest part Bagerhat town (iii) the farthest part of Bagerhat town (iv) at the center of Bagerhat town Answer: (27) (iii) the farthest part of Bagerhat town (28) How was the Mihrabs? (i) Designed with different natural objects (ii) Adorned with different dome. (iii) Build with marble stone. (iv) Decorated with different stonework and terracotta Answer: (28) (iv) Decorated with different stonework and terracotta (29) There are about – arches in this mosque. (i) 11 (ii) 20 (iii) 25 (iv) 15 Answer: (29) (iii) 25 (30) The synonym of 'reservoir' is -- (i) tank (ii) supply (iii) mine (iv) pipe Answer: (30) (i) tank . (31) Who was Ulugh Khan Jahan? (i) a saint (ii) an affluent person (iii) a Turkish general (iv) a Turkish minister Answer: (31) (iii) a Turkish general (32) The mosque was used as -- (i) a prayer hall (ii) a court (iii) a meeting place (iv) a prayer hall as well as a court Answer: (32) (iv) a prayer hall as well as a court (33) What does the word 'entire' in the text refer to? (i) partly (ii) section (iii) whole (iv) slight Answer: (33) (iii) whole (34) How did Khan Jahan adorn the city? (i) with numerous mosques (ii) with a lot of tanks (iii) with roads and public buildings (iv) all of the above Answer: (34) (iv) all of the above (35) Besides being used as a prayer hall, Khan Jahan used the mosque as his court. The underlined sentence is a (i) complex sentence (ii) compound sentence (iii) simple sentence (iv) none of these Answer: (35) (iii) simple sentence  (36)Which of the following has the clement meaning of the wind generation' uaeri in line 2? (i)public (ii)descendant (iii)pristine (iv) malady Answer: (36) (ii) descendant (37) The  'warrior in line  be replaced (i) worker (ii)cobbler (iii)apprentice (iv) combatant Answer: (37) (iv) combatant (38)The work outskirt means – (i)suburb (ii)apparent (iii)colony (iv)translucent Answer: (38) (i) suburb (39) What to the antonym of the word 'reveal? (i) disclose (ii) display (iii)conceal (iv) unreeling Answer: (39) (iii) conceal (40) What does our cultural and natural heritage Indicator (i) our war and sacrifice (ii) our history and struggle (iii) our nature and its beauty (iv) our life and inspiration Answer: (40) (iii) our nature and its beauty (41) In the passage the word 'unique' is a/an ------, (i)noun (ii) verb (iii) adjective (iv) adverb Answer: (41) (iii) adjective (42) The word 'dense' means (i) apparent (ii) evident (iii) translucent (iv) impenetrable Answer: (42) (iv) impenetrable (43) What is the closest meaning of 'heritage'? (i) history (ii) parentage (iii) ancestry (iv) tradition Answer: (43) (iv) tradition (44) What does the expression source of life and inspiration 15 cultural and natural heritage passage mean? (i) Our cultural and natural bar is full of activities (ii) We have got our valuable inspiration our cultural and natural background (iii) Our life 18 unique because we engaged in cultural activities (iv) Our life 1e unique because we spread cultural heritage Answer: (44) (ii) We have got our valuable inspiration from our cultural and natural background (45) What is the purpose of the passage? (i) to narrate the building of Islamic culture (ii) to show the significance of the Gambuj Mosque (iii) to tell about the background of the Shat Gambuj Mosque (iv) to give information about the Shar Gambuj Mosque & Khalliataba Answer: (45) (ii) to show the significance of the Shat Gambuj Mosque (46) The Shat Gambuj Mosque was declared World Heritage Site in the – (i) 19th Century (ii) Late 19th Century (iii) 20th Century (iv) Late 20th Century Answer: (46) (iv) Late 20th century (47) What is the synonym of 'remarkable? (i) remark (ii) remarked (iii) questionable (iv) noteworthy Answer: (47) (iv) noteworthy (48) What is the contextual meaning of the word 'monument'? (i) tombstone (ii) ointment (iii) concealment (iv) Unlashed Answer: (48) (i) tombstone (49) The word outskirts means ----, (i) periphery (ii) hub (iii) nucleus (iv) axis Answer: (49) (i) periphery (50) Khan Jahan originally came from , (i) Bagerhat (ii) Delhi (iii) Turkey (iv) Makkah Answer: (50) (iii) Turkey 2. Answer the following questions. (a) "The vast prayer hall served different purposes". Explain it in 2/3 sentences. Why is Shat Gambuj Mosque a World Heritage Site? Answer: (a) Khan Jahan Ali built the Shat Gambuj Mosque which has a vast prayer hall. The mosque was not only a prayer hall but also a court of Khan Jahan Ali. Thus the vast. prayer hall served different purposes. (b) What do you mean by heritage? Answer: (b) Heritage is what we inherit from the past live with them in the present and then pass on to our children or future generation. (c) What do you understand by natural and cultural heritage? Answer: (c) Natural heritage means the places or sites that we have been gifted by God and cultural heritage means the places or sites that we inherit from the past made by to human beings. (d) When and where was the Muslim colony founded? Answer: (d) In the 15th century a Muslim colony was founded at the outskirts of Bagerhat town not very far from the dense mangrove forest of the Sundarbans. Extra Questions : (1) How many pillars are there in the Shat Gambuj Mosque? What is the function of the pillars? Answer: (1) There are 60 pillars in the Shat Gambuj Mosque. The function of the pillars is to support 77 domes of the mosque. (2) Why do you think the 'Shat Gambuj Mosque' is truly a heritage? Answer: (2)I think 'Shat Gambuj Mosque' is truly a heritage because we have inherited it from the past, we are living with it and we will pass it on to our future generation (3) Describe the beautification skills of the then architect in 2/3 sentences.. Answer: (3) The beautification skills of the then architect were very impressive and eye-catching. A combination of Mughal and Turkish architecture was found in every baked brick building.  (4) Is heritage related to our past only? Explain. Answer: (4) No, heritage is not related to our past only. Rather, we inherit heritage from our past. We live with them at present and then we hand over them to our next generation. In fact, heritage is related to our past, present and future (5) By whom and when a Muslim Colony founded in Bagerhat? Die 1 Answer: (5) A Muslim colony was founded in Bagerhat by a Turkish saint Ulugh Khan Jahan in the 15th century. (6) Why did UNESCO declare Shat Gombuj. Mosque as a World Heritage Site? Answer: (6) World Heritage Sites are declared by UNESCO considering the leading natural and cultural features of the objects prevailing worldwide. The Shat Gambuj Mosque has all the qualities to be a part of World Heritage Sites. That's why, UNESCO has declared it as World Heritage Site. (7) Why is it needed to make arches for a mosque? Answer: (7) Arches are needed to provide light and ventilation for a mosque. They increase the beauty of the mosque also. (8) Why is the Sundarbans called a mangrove forest? Answer: (8) Mangroves are a group of trees and shrubs that live in the coastal intertidal zone. Mangrove forests only grow at tropical and subtropical latitudes. These forests stabilize the coastline, reducing erosion from storm surges, currents, waves and tides. For having the above qualities, the Sundarbans is called a mangrove forest.  (9) Who was Khan Jahan Ali? Answer: (9) Khan Jahan Ali was a Turkish general, a saint warrior and the founder of Bagerhat. (10) Mention some philanthropic works done by Khan Jahan Ali. Answer: (10) Khan Jahan Ali did many philanthropic works in the 15th century. He built a network roads, bridges, public buildings and reservoirs in Bagerhat. (11) What dominates the planning of the mosque city? Answer: (11) Islamic architecture and a combination of Mughal and Turkish architecture dominate the planning of the mosque city. (12) What makes the mosque "unique"? Answer: (12) The 77 low height domes supported with 60 pillars make the mosque unique. (13) 'Our unique source of life and inspiration is our culture and natural heritage.' – What does this sentence signify? Explain it in 2/3 sentences. Answer: (13) The sentence "Our unique source of life and inspiration is our cultural and natural heritage" signifies that our culture and heritage signify our glorious past and we get inspiration from them. (14) How did Khan Jahan make the city habitable? Answer: (14) Khan Jahan Ali made the city habitable by building a network of roads, bridges, public buildings and reservoirs (15) Describe the 'mihrabs' of Shat Gambuj Mosque in 2/3 sentences. Answer: (15) Mihrab means niche in mosque pointing towards Makkah. The west wall in the interior of Shat Gambuj Mosque has 11 Mihrabs. These Mihrabs are decorated with stonework and terracotta. (16) What is 'Mosque City'? Why is it called so? Answer: (16) The Khalifatabad of  Bagerhat is known as Mosque City. It is called so because big, small and beautiful mosques remain lie surrounded by this place. (17) How will you justify the view that Khan Jahan Ali was a great--hearted Muslim colonizer? Why/why not. Answer: (17) In the past, most of the colonizers oppressed the people in various ways but as a colonizer. Khan Jahan Ali was totally different. Alle his activities prove that he was not only great saint of Islam but also a kind hear Muslim colonizer. He built numerous road bridges, public buildings, reservoirs and many essential things for the local people That's why, he was a great hearted Muslim saint and colonizer. (18) What does the infrastructure of the city reveal? Answer: (18) The infrastructure of the city reveals significant technical skills in many mosques as well as in early Islamic monument. (19) What do you understand by the expression "Today, it is one of the best architectural beauties of Bangladesh"? Answer: (19) By the expression "Today, it is one of the best architectural beauties of Bangladesh" we understand that the Shat Gambuj Mosque is one of the greatest architectural beauties in Bangladesh that represents our glorious past (20) How can your account for the beauty of Khalifatabad? Answer: (20) Khalifatabad once a desolate place was made a beautiful city with a network of roads, bridges, public buildings and reservoirs. (21) Do you support the view that Khan Jahan Ali was a great hearted Muslim colonizer? Why/Why not? Explain in 2/3 sentences. Answer: (21) I support the view that Khan Jahan Ali was a great hearted Muslim colonizer. He established Khalifatabad as a Muslim colony which is distinctly dominated by Islamic architecture (22) Describe the prayer hall in 2/3 sentences. Answer: (22) Khan Jahan Ali used the mosque as prayer hall and his court. The prayer hall is vast. It has 11 arched doorways on the east and 7 each on the north and south for light and ventilation. (23) Why is the Shat Gambuj Mosque one of the greatest tourist attractions? (4) What did Khan Jahan build other than mosques? Answer: (23) The Shat Gambuj Mosque, is one of the greatest tourist attractions due to its architectural beauties.  (24) How many doorways are there in the prayer hall? Answer: (24) There are in total 25 arched doorways in the prayer hall -11 on the east and 7 each on the north and the south. (25) What does UNESCO stand for? Answer: (25) UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (26) Why do you think Khalifatabad is called the Mosque City? Answer: (27) Khalifatabad is called the Mosque City because Khan Jahan Ali adorned the city with many big, small and beautiful mosques. (28) What makes the 'Shat Gambuj Mosque' so special in terms of architectural design? Explain in brief. Answer: (28) The Shat Gambuj Mosque is one of the best architectural beauties of Bangladesh. Its architectural beauty including 81 domes, 25 arched doorways, a vast prayer hall etc. makes the Shat Gambuj Mosque so special. (29) How did Khan Jahan decorate the historic Mosque city? Answer: (10) Khan Jahan decorated the historic mosque city with a network of roads, bridges, public buildings, reservoirs, and about 360 mosques etc. Bangla Translation ‘ঐতিহ্য’ হলো অতীত থেকে আমরা যা উত্তরাধিকারসূত্রে পাই (Coop 7 773) এবং তারপর তা বর্তমানের মধ্যেই বেঁচে থাকে এবং তারপর .* শিশু বা ভবিষ্যৎ প্রজন্মের কাছে চলে যায়। আমাদের অনন্য জীবন ও অনুপ্রেরণার তাড়না হলো আমাদের সাংস্কৃতিক ও প্রকৃত ঐতিহ্য। যখন আমরা 'বিশ্ব ঐতিহ্য'র কথা বলি, তখন এটি সেই স্থান এবং স্থানগুলিকে নির্দেশ করে যা আমরা অতীত থেকে উত্তরাধিকারসূত্রে পেয়েছি এবং সমগ্র বিশ্বের ভবিষ্যৎ প্রজন্মের কাছে পৌঁছে দিয়েছি। বাগেরহাটের ষাট গম্বুজ মসজিদ এমনই একটি স্থান। এটি ১৯৮৫ সালে ইউনেস্কোর বিশ্ব ঐতিহ্যবাহী স্থান হিসেবে স্বীকৃতি পায়। মূলত ঐতিহাসিক মসজিদ শহরটি খলিফাতাবাদ নামে পরিচিত ছিল। এটি বাগেরহাট শহরের উপকণ্ঠে অবস্থিত, সুন্দরবনের ঘন ম্যানগ্রোভ বন থেকে খুব বেশি দূরে নয়। খলিফাতাবাদ ছিল একটি মুসলিম উপনিবেশ। এটি ১৫ শতকে তুর্কি জেনারেল, একজন সন্ত যোদ্ধা উলুঘ খান জাহান দ্বারা প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়েছিল। শহরের অবকাঠামো (১৯৭১) অনেক মসজিদের পাশাপাশি প্রাথমিক ইসলামী স্মৃতিস্তম্ভগুলিতে উল্লেখযোগ্য প্রযুক্তিগত দক্ষতা প্রকাশ করে। · ভবন নির্মাণের জন্য বেকড ইট ব্যবহার করা হয়েছিল। নগরীর পরিকল্পনায় ইসলামী স্থাপত্যের ঐতিহ্য প্রাধান্য পেয়েছিল এবং সাজসজ্জা ছিল মুঘল ও তুর্কি স্থাপত্যের সংমিশ্রণ। খান জাহান শহরকে বসবাসযোগ্য করে তোলার জন্য রাস্তা, সেতু, সরকারি ভবন এবং জলাধারের একটি নেটওয়ার্ক তৈরি করেছিলেন। শহরে প্রায় ৩৬০টি মসজিদ রয়েছে। এর মধ্যে সবচেয়ে উল্লেখযোগ্য হল বহু-গম্বুজ বিশিষ্ট শাত গম্বুজ মসজিদ। মসজিদটি অনন্য এই অর্থে যে, এর ছাদকে সমর্থন করে এমন ৬০টি স্তম্ভ রয়েছে, ৭৭টি নিম্ন উচ্চতার গম্বুজ রয়েছে। ৪ কোণার টাওয়ারগুলির উপরেও ছোট গম্বুজ রয়েছে। বিশাল প্রার্থনা কক্ষটিতে আলো এবং বায়ুচলাচলের জন্য পূর্ব দিকে ১১টি এবং উত্তর ও দক্ষিণে ৭টি করে খিলানযুক্ত দরজা রয়েছে। মসজিদের দৈর্ঘ্য বরাবর ৭টি করিডোর এবং সরু পাথরের স্তম্ভগুলির মধ্যে ১১টি গভীর বাঁক রয়েছে। এই স্তম্ভগুলি গম্বুজ দ্বারা তৈরি বাঁকানো খিলানগুলিকে সমর্থন করে। খিলানগুলির পুরুত্ব ৬ ফুট এবং সামান্য সংকীর্ণ ফাঁপা এবং গোলাকার দেয়াল রয়েছে। অভ্যন্তরের পশ্চিম দেয়ালে ১১টি 'মিহরাব' রয়েছে। এই মিহরাবগুলি (৫৭১৬৭১৬৯৭ ২৬৩১৫০১) পাথরের কাজ এবং পোড়ামাটির কাজ দিয়ে সজ্জিত। মসজিদের মেঝে ইট দিয়ে তৈরি। নামাজের ঘর হিসেবে ব্যবহারের পাশাপাশি, খান জাহান মসজিদটিকে তার দরবার হিসেবেও ব্যবহার করেছিলেন।  আজ, এটি বাংলাদেশের অন্যতম সেরা পর্যটন আকর্ষণ এবং সেরা স্থাপত্য সৌন্দর্যের একটি। Ad AdRead the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                Unit- 8: Lesson-1 (B) ‘Heritage’ is what we inherit from the past, live with them in the present and then pass on to our children or future generation. Our unique source of life and inspiration is our cultural and natural heritage. When we speak of ‘World Heritage’, it indicates places and sites that we got from the past and pass on to the future generation of the entire world. The ‘Shat Gambuj Mosque’ in Bagerhat is such a heritage. It became a world heritage site in 1985. Originally, the historic Mosque City was known as ‘Khalifatabad’. It is situated at the outskirts of Bagerhat town— not very far from the dense mangrove forest of the Sundarbans. Khalifatabad was a Muslim colony. It was founded by  the Turkish general, a saint warrior Ulugh Khan Jahan in the 15th century. The infrastructure of the city reveals significant technical skills in many mosques as well as early Islamic monuments. Baked bricks are used for the construction of the buildings. The planning of the city is distinctly dominated by Islamic architecture and the decorations are a combination of Mughal and Turkish architecture. Khan Jahan built a network of roads, bridges, public buildings and reservoirs to make the city habitable. There are about 360 mosques in the city. Among them the most remarkable is the multi-domed Shat Gombuj Mosque. The mosque is unique in the sense that it has 60 pillars that support the roof, with 77 low height domes. The 4 towers at 4 corners have smaller domes on the roof as well. The vast prayer hall has 11 arched doorways on the east and 7 each on the north and south for light and ventilation. It has 7 aisles running along the length of the mosque and 11 deep curves between the slender stone columns. These columns support the curving arches created by the domes. The thickness of the arches is 6 feet and have slightly narrowing hollow and round wall. The west wall in the interior has 11 ‘mihrabs’ (niche in mosque pointing towards Makkah). These mihrabs are decorated with stonework and terracotta. The floor of the mosque is made of brick. Besides being used as a prayer hall, Khan Jahan used the mosque as his court also. Today, it is one of the greatest tourist attractions and one of the best architectural beauties of Bangladesh. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 Khalifatabad was a colony where the lived —. i) Muslims ii) Hindus                    iii) Buddhists               iv) Christians Shat Gambuj Mosque got the status of  a world heritage site from —. i) 1980 ii) 1985                        iii) 1982                       iv) 1984 The mosque is situated in —. i) Bogra ii) Magura                    iii) Bagerhat                 iv) Barisal The surface of the mosque is of —-. i) wood ii) stage                        iii) brick                       iv) iron Khan Jahan built the mosque in the —- century. i) 15th ii) 16th                          iii) 17th                         iv) 14th The mosque was established by a person who was —. i) Turkish ii) British                     iii) Arabian                  iv) Bangladeshi The mosque has — pillars. i) 50 ii) 40 iii) 30                     iv) 60   Extra Practices There are almost —- mosques in the city. i) 350 ii) 360                          iii) 370                         iv) 380 The — was decorated. i) west wall ii) arches                      iii) domes                    iv) roof The thickness of the arches is — feet. i) less than 6 more than 6              iii) exactly 6                 iv. about 6 Shat Gambuj Mosque became a world heritage site in ——. (i)     1958                (ii)  1985                      (iii)   1858                    (iv)   1885 The floor of the mosque is made of ——. (i)     wood               (ii)  brick                      (iii)   stone                    (iv)   soil Khan Jahan built the mosque in the ——. (i)     15th century     (ii)  16th century           (iii)   25th century         (iv)   14th century Shat Gambuj Mosque is situated ——. (i)     in Bogra                                               (ii)    at Mohammadpur, Dhaka (iii)   in Bagerhat                                          (iv)   in Barisal Khalifatabad was a —— colony. (i)     Hindu              (ii)  Christian                (iii)   Buddhist              (iv)   Muslim ‘Heritage’ is what we inherit from the—. (i)     past                  (ii)  present                   (iii)   future                   (iv)   long ago The ‘Shat Gambuj Mosque’ is at the outskirts of—. (i)     Mirpur             (ii)  Bagerhat                (iii)   Sundarbans          (iv)   Tongi 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What is heritage? b)         What is the floor of the mosque made of? c)         When did the mosque become a world heritage site? d)         How many mosques are there in the city? e)         Who built the Shat Gambuj Mosque?   Extra Practices 1.         What does the infrastructure of the city reveal? 2.         Where is Khalifatabad situated? 3.         What is “World Heritage”? 4.         What do you know about Khalifatabad? 5.         What did Khan Jahan build to make the city habitable? 6.         Who did build the Shat Gambuj Mosque? 1.      a. i) Muslims; b. ii) 1985; c. iii) Bagerhat; d. iii) brick; e. i) 15th; f. i) Turkish; g. iv) 60; h. ii) 360; i. i) west wall; j. iii) exactly 6; k. (ii); l. (ii); m. (i); n. (iii); o. (iv); p. (i); q. (ii). 2.      a. Heritage is what we inherit from the past, live with them in the present and then pass on to our future generation. The floor of the mosque is made of brick. The mosque became a world heritage site in 1985. There are about 360 mosques in the city. The Turkish general, a saint warrior, Ulugh Khan Jahan built the Shat Gambuj Mosque. The infrastructure of the city reveals significant technical skills in many mosques as well as early Islamic monuments. Khalifatabad is situated at the outskirts of Bagerhat town not far from the Sundarbans.

Read the following passage and answer the questions below: Steven Paul Jobs ( 24 February 1955 -- 5 October 2011), most popularly known as Steve Jobs was the co-founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Apple Inc. He was the pioneer  of the personal computer revolution. He was famous for his career in the electronic field of computers and consumers. This became possible through the marketing of Apple computers. In 1985, Jobs left Apple after losing a power battle with the board of directors. He then founded NeXT, a computer platform development company specializing in the higher education and business market. Apple, however, failed to bring up any new operating system during Job's absence. Jobs returned to Apple as an adviser, and took control of the company as an interim CEO. By 1998, Jobs brought Apple back to profitability from the verge of bankruptcy. He supervised  the development of iMac, iTunes, iPod, iPhone and iPad. These devices are so simple and user friendly that even a child can operate them. He supervised the company's Apple Stores,' iTunes Store and the App Store too. The success of these products and services brought about steady financial returns for several years and pushed Apple to become the world's most valuable publicly traded company in 2011. This triumph is regarded as the greatest turnarounds in the business history. Steve Jobs has been highly acclaimed  as a visionary leader. Jobs has changed people's perspective computer, and how they use it, consume personal media, and how they communicate with each other. Hence iBooks, iPhones, iPods and iPads have become extremely popular. Jobs saw and felt the need of WI Fi (wireless internet connection) in laptops. It is who made Wi--Fi, a standard feature of every laptop, and of many other devices worldwide. So Jobs' dream to be anywhere anytime became a reality. Jobs also co-founded and served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios. He became a member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company  in 2006, when Disney acquired Pixar. Multiple Choice Questions 1. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. (a) Which of the following describes Steven Paul Jobs best? (i) A great talent (ii) A romantic personality (iii) Highly imaginative (iv) A great leader Answer: (a) (iii) Highly imaginative (b) Which of the following statements is true about Jobs? . (i) He was famous for his career in electronic media (ii) He was one of the greatest leaders of the world (iii) By 1998, he brought Apple from the affluent state to bankruptcy (iv) He brought about a revolutionary change in the business of computer Answer(b) (iv) He brought about a revolutionary change in the business of computer (c) How would you explain the sentence 'Jobs' dream to be anywhere anytime became a reality'? (i) He wanted to be in a particular place at a particular time (ii) He wanted to search for reality at all times (iii) His dream to be present everywhere throughout the world materialized  (iv) He dreamt of going to different places and that became true Answer: (c)(iii) His dream to be present everywhere throughout the world was materialized (d) What is the purpose of the author of this passage? (i) To show the wonders of science (ii) To put up the usefulness of computer (iii) To represent the success of an extraordinary talent, Steven Paul Jobs in computer business (iv) To highlight the importance of industry Answer: (d) (iii) To represent the success of an extraordinary talent, Steven Paul Jobs in computer business. (e) Which of the following words resembles the word 'popularly in the first line? (i) unusually (ii) universally (iii) swiftly (iv) quickly Answer: (e) (ii) universally (f) What does the phrase 'losing a power battle in line 5 mean? (i) Losing a battle of strength (ii) A war of wits (iii) A struggle for power (iv) A mental war Answer: (f) (iii) A struggle for power (g) Which of the following best proves Steven Jobs as a visionary leader? (i) He was the co-founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Apple Inc.  (ii) He showed extraordinary talent in bringing about an unbelievable success in the Apple and computer world (iii) He co-founded and served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios  (iv) He was an adviser to Apple Answer: (g)(ii) He showed extraordinary talent in bringing about an unbelievable success in the Apple and computer world Extra Questions : (1) What was the aim of founding NeXT? (i) To compete with Apple Inc 17 (ii) to make a history in the electronic field (iii) to get popularity among the youth (iv) to develop something special for education and business market Answer: (1) (iv) to develop something special for education and business market (2) How was Steve Jobs? (i) An ambitious person (ii) A visionary person (iii) A practical person (iv) A realistic person Answer: (2) (ii) A visionary person (3) The word 'found' means -- (i) find (ii) search (iii) establish (iv) settle Answer: (3) (iii) establish (4) The antonym of the word "famous" is -- (i) Renowned (ii) extra ordinary (iii) obscure (iv) eminent Answer: (4) (iii) obscure (5) What is the specialty of Apple products? (i) Attractive design (ii) Easy operating system (iii) Lower price (iv) Availability Answer: (5) (ii) Easy operating system (6) Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word 'pix' used in the last para? (i) pictures (ii) photograph (iii) both i & ii (iv) none of the above Answer: (6) (i) pictures (7) In the revolution of personal com was the (i) follower (ii)visionary (iii) pioneer (iv) proprietor Answer: (7) (iii) pioneer (8) Which of the following statement about Steven Paul Jobs? (i) Jobs innovative ideas brought revolution (ii)Jobs innovative ideas changed the world (iii) Jobs innovative ideas made a big  profit (iv) Jobs' innovative ideas changed people’s notion regarding computer Answer: (8) (iv) Jobs’ innovative ideas changed people’s notion regarding computer (9) WI--FI means – (i)wild life (ii) win field (iii) world international finance (iv) wireless internet connection Answer: (9) (iv) wireless internet connection (10) Why did jobs leave Apple? (i) For the share of the company (ii) For a better opportunity (iii) To get a handsome salary (iv) For the discord with the board of Director Answer: (10) (iv) For the discord with the board of Directors (11) Which of the following words describes Jobs be (i) Weak (ii) Talented (iii) Talkative (iv) Smart Answer: (11) (ii) Talented (12) What is the closest meaning of 'Pioneering (i) composer (ii) pathfinder (iii) organizer (iv) constituent Answer: (12) (ii) pathfinder Short Answer Question 2. Answer the following questions . in bringing about an unbelievable success in the Apple and computer world. (a) "He was the pioneer of the personal computer revolution." Who says this? Why does s/he say this? Explain in 2/3 sentences? Answer: (a) The author of the passage says this. He says this because the devices applied by Steve Jobs in the development of personal computers are so simple and user friendly that even a child can operate them (b) What predicament did Apple face in Jobs' absence? Answer: (b) In Job's absence, Apple failed to bring up any new operating system and as a result Apple was on the verge of bankruptcy. (c) Do you support the view that Jobs was "a visionary leader"? Why/Why not? Explain in 2/3 sentences. Answer: (c) Yes, I support the view that Jobs was a visionary leader in the field of electronic computers and consumers. He was highly imaginative and innovative and he could understand the need or demand of future users and brought revolution in the use of personal computer creating a user friendly operating system. (d) After reading the first paragraph, what, according to you, was the specialty of Steve Jobs? Answer: (d) Steven Paul Jobs most popularly known as Steve Jobs was famous for his career in the electronic field of computers and consumers. He showed extraordinary talent in bringing about an unbelievable success in the Apple and computer world.  (e) Describe Jobs' contribution to computer companies as a great talent Answer: (e) Steve Jobs, as a pioneer of the personal computer revolution, made a great contribution to computer companies. His triumph in bringing Apple from the verge of bankruptcy to affluency has turned people's perspective about the different uses of personal computer. Extra Questions : (1) Why was he called a visionary? Answer: (1) He was called a visionary because he could imagine how apple could develop in future and could plan about its flourishment (2) Why do you think Steve Jobs was a visionary leader? Discuss it in 2/3 sentences Answer: (2) I think Steve Jobs was a visionary leader because he created new ideas. He could understand the need or demand of future users and acted accordingly. He brought revolution in the use of personal computer creating user friendly operating system. (3) Do you think Steve Jobs was a multitalented person? Why or why not? Answer: (3) I think that Steve Jobs was a multitalented person. He had innovative ideas. When he left Apple, he founded another company successfully. He made electronic devices user friendly and added Wi-Fi feature to laptops. (4) From your reading of paragraph 1 of the passage, give a description of Steven Paul Jobs. Answer: (4) Steven Paul Jobs is popularly known as Steve jobs. He was the co-founder, chairman and CEO of Apple Inc. He was also the pioneer of the personal computer. He was famous for his career in the electronic field of computers. (5). How did Jobs manage to bring back Apple? Answer: (5) Jobs managed to bring back Apple by his innovative thinking and advisory. (7) What were Jobs' personal achievements? Answer: (7) Jobs personal achievements were that he became the pioneer of personal computers and was famous for his career in the electronic field of computers and consumers.  (8) Why would the world remember Steve Jobs and how would you estimate his talent? Answer: (8) The world would remember Steve Jobs for his contribution in the field of electronic computers as well as in the Apple inc. I would consider him as the most talented human being in the world who had tremendous innovative power Bangla Translation স্টিভেন পল জবস (২৪ ফেব্রুয়ারী ১৯৫৫ - ৫ অক্টোবর ২০১১), যিনি স্টিভ জবস নামে সর্বাধিক পরিচিত ছিলেন, তিনি অ্যাপল ইনকর্পোরেটেডের সহ-প্রতিষ্ঠাতা, চেয়ারম্যান এবং প্রধান নির্বাহী কর্মকর্তা ছিলেন। তিনি ব্যক্তিগত কম্পিউটার বিপ্লবের পথিকৃৎ ছিলেন। কম্পিউটার এবং গ্রাহকদের ইলেকট্রনিক ক্ষেত্রে তার কর্মজীবনের জন্য তিনি বিখ্যাত ছিলেন। অ্যাপল কম্পিউটারের বিপণনের মাধ্যমে এটি সম্ভব হয়েছিল। ১৯৮৫ সালে, পরিচালক পর্ষদের সাথে ক্ষমতার লড়াইয়ে হেরে জবস অ্যাপল ছেড়ে যান। এরপর তিনি উচ্চ শিক্ষা এবং ব্যবসায়িক বাজারে বিশেষজ্ঞ একটি কম্পিউটার প্ল্যাটফর্ম উন্নয়ন সংস্থা নেক্সট প্রতিষ্ঠা করেন। তবে জবের অনুপস্থিতিতে অ্যাপল কোনও নতুন অপারেটিং সিস্টেম আনতে ব্যর্থ হয়। জবস একজন উপদেষ্টা হিসেবে অ্যাপলে ফিরে আসেন এবং অন্তর্বর্তীকালীন সিইও হিসেবে কোম্পানির নিয়ন্ত্রণ গ্রহণ করেন। ১৯৯৮ সালের মধ্যে, জবস দেউলিয়া হওয়ার দ্বারপ্রান্ত থেকে অ্যাপলকে লাভজনক অবস্থায় ফিরিয়ে আনেন। তিনি আইম্যাক, আইটিউনস, আইপড, আইফোন এবং আইপ্যাডের উন্নয়ন তত্ত্বাবধান করেন। এই ডিভাইসগুলি এত সহজ এবং ব্যবহারকারী বান্ধব যে একটি শিশুও এগুলি পরিচালনা করতে পারে। তিনি কোম্পানির অ্যাপল স্টোর, আইটিউনস স্টোর এবং অ্যাপ স্টোরও তত্ত্বাবধান করেছিলেন। এই পণ্য এবং পরিষেবাগুলির সাফল্য বেশ কয়েক বছর ধরে স্থিতিশীল আর্থিক লাভ এনে দেয় এবং অ্যাপলকে ২০১১ সালে বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে মূল্যবান পাবলিকলি ট্রেডেড কোম্পানিতে পরিণত করে। এই সাফল্যকে ব্যবসায়িক ইতিহাসে সর্বশ্রেষ্ঠ পরিবর্তন হিসেবে বিবেচনা করা হয়। স্টিভ জবস একজন দূরদর্শী নেতা হিসেবে অত্যন্ত প্রশংসিত। জবস মানুষের দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি কম্পিউটার, এটি কীভাবে ব্যবহার করে, ব্যক্তিগত মিডিয়া ব্যবহার করে এবং একে অপরের সাথে যোগাযোগ করে তার পরিবর্তন এনেছেন। তাই iBooks, iPhones, iPods এবং iPads অত্যন্ত জনপ্রিয় হয়ে উঠেছে। জবস ল্যাপটপে WI Fi (ওয়্যারলেস ইন্টারনেট সংযোগ) এর প্রয়োজনীয়তা দেখেছিলেন এবং অনুভব করেছিলেন। তিনিই Wi-Fi তৈরি করেছিলেন, যা প্রতিটি ল্যাপটপের এবং বিশ্বব্যাপী অন্যান্য অনেক ডিভাইসের একটি আদর্শ বৈশিষ্ট্য। তাই জবসের যেকোনো সময় যেকোনো জায়গায় থাকার স্বপ্ন বাস্তবে পরিণত হয়েছিল। জবস পিক্সার অ্যানিমেশন স্টুডিওর সহ-প্রতিষ্ঠাতা এবং প্রধান নির্বাহী হিসেবেও দায়িত্ব পালন করেছিলেন। ২০০৬ সালে ডিজনি পিক্সার অধিগ্রহণ করার পর তিনি ওয়াল্ট ডিজনি কোম্পানির পরিচালনা পর্ষদের সদস্য হন। Ad Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                 Steven Paul Jobs ( 24 February 1955 – 5 October 2011) , most popularly known as Steve Jobs was the co-founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Apple Inc. He was the pioneer of the personal computer revolution. He was famous for his career in the electronic field of computers and consumers. This became possible through the marketing of Apple computers. In 1985, Jobs left Apple after losing a power battle with the board of directors. He then founded NeXT, a computer platform development company specializing in the higher education and business market. On the other hand, Apple failed to bring up any new operating system during Job’s absence. Jobs returned to Apple as an adviser, and took control of the company as an interim CEO. By 1998, Jobs brought back Apple to profitability from the verge of bankruptcy. He supervised the development of iMac, iTunes, iPod, iPhone and iPad. These devices are so simple and user friendly that even a child can operate them. He supervised the company’s Apple Stores, iTunes Store and the App Store too. The success of these products and services brought about steady financial returns for several years and pushed Apple to become the world’s most valuable publicly traded company in 2011. This triumph is regarded as the greatest turnarounds in the business history. Steve Jobs has been highly acclaimed as a visionary leader. Jobs has changed people’s perspective computer, and how they use it, consume personal media, and how they communicate with each other. Hence i-Books, i-Phones, i-Pods and i-Pads have become extremely popular.  Jobs saw and felt the need of Wi-Fi (wireless internet connection) in laptops. It is who made Wi-Fi a standard feature of every laptop, and of many other devices worldwide. So Jobs’ dream to be anywhere anytime became a reality. Jobs also co-founded and served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios. He became a member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company in 2006, when Disney acquired Pixar. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         Steve Jobs was the co-founder of −. (i) Apple                                                    (ii) Walt Disney Company (iii) Pixar Animation Studios                     (iv) Microsoft b)         Steve Jobs was specialized in the field of −. (i)networking                                             (ii) software (iii) photography and consumer                 (iv) computer c)         Steve was the founder of −. (i) Apple                (ii) Microsoft               (iii) Google                  (iv) NeXT d)         Ipod, ipad, Mac etc are very − to use. (i) tough                 (ii) funny                     (iii) vulnerable             (iv) easy e)         Apple became the world’s most valuable publicly traded company in −. (i) 2011                  (ii) 1985                      (iii) 1998                     (iv) 2006 f)          Steve Jobs was a − leader. (i) powerful           (ii) famous                   (iii) visionary               (iv) notorious g)         The products of Apple are −. (i) very popular      (ii) very costly             (iii) very appealing       (iv) very complicated   Extra Practices h)         Steve Jobs innovative ideas −. (i)         brought about a revolution (ii)        changed the world (iii)       made a big profit (iv)       changed people’s notion regarding computer i)          When did Steve Jobs pass away? (i) 5 October 2010                                     (ii) 24 February 2011 (iii) 05 October 2011                                 (iv) 24 October 2011 j)          What does the word Pix mean? (i) pictures             (ii) photograph             (iii) i & ii                     (iv) none of the above Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         Why did Steve leave Apple? b)         Can you mention some of the products of Apple? c)         Which company was co-founded by Steve Jobs? d)         In which sector Steve Jobs was specialized? e)         How did Apple escape bankruptcy?   Model Question   Part A : Reading Test Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.  Unit-7: Lesson-8(A) A car mechanic Paul Jobs and his wife Clara Jobs adopted Steve Jobs. Steve was abandoned at birth. Paul and Clara loved Steve very much. They made him feel that he was ‘chosen’ and very ‘special’. One of his colleagues, Del Yocam said about Steve, “I think his desire for complete control of whatever he makes derives directly from his personality and the fact that he was abandoned at birth.” Jobs’ mother taught him how to read and write before he went to the elementary school. So when he went to school, he found out that he knew everything that the teachers were teaching. He got bored and played pranks to keep him busy. This continued for the first few years. It was clear from his behaviour that he could not accept other people’s authority. He said, “I encountered authority of different kind that I have never encountered before, and I did not like it.” A turning point came when he was in grade four. His teacher Imogene Hill watched him very closely for some time and soon found out how to handle him and get things done by him. In order to get things done she used to give him money and food. One day after school, she gave Jobs a workbook with math problems in it. She said, ” I want you to take it home and do this.”  She showed Jobs a huge lollipop and said, ” When you are done with it, if you get it mostly right, I will give you this and five dollars.”  Within two days, Jobs solved the math and returned the book to his teacher. This continued for a couple of months and Jobs enjoyed learning so much that he did not need any return. Also he liked his teacher very much and wanted to please her. In Ms. Hill’s class, Jobs felt he was special. At the end of the fourth grade, Jobs did very well. It was clear not only to Jobs and his parents but also to the teachers that he was exceptionally intelligent. The school proposed that Jobs should skip two classes and go into seventh grade. This would mean that Jobs would find the study challenging and he would be motivated to study. His parents had him skip only one grade. Steven Paul Jobs was the pioneer of the personal computer revolution. He was famous for his career in the electronic field of  computers and consumers.                                          Source: Steve Jobs by Walter Isaacson     1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         Paul Jobs was a —-. i) driver ii) car mechanic           iii) pilot                        iv) helper b)         Steve did not accept other people’s —. i) advice ii) dominance              iii) request                   iv) command c)         The school —- that Jobs should skip two grades. i) opposed ii) ordered                    iii) proposed                iv) observed d)         Steve Jobs — Paul Jobs and Clara Jobs. i) were adopted by ii) was adopted by        iii) was discarded         iv) were discarded e)         A turning point came when Steve was in grade —. i) four ii) five                         iii) six                          iv) two f)          Paul and Clara – Steve very much. i) hated ii) loved                       iii) rebuked                  iv) abhorred g)         Del Yocam was the — of Steve Jobs. i) colleague ii) friend                      iiii) brother                  iv) cousin   Extra Practices h)         Mother of Jobs taught him how to —. i) swim ii) play football            iii) read and write         iv) fight i)           Jobs solved the math’s within —. i) two months ii) two weeks               iii) two days                 iv) five days j)          His teacher was —. i) Mr Imogene Hill ii) Ms Imogene Hill      ii) Bill Gates                iv) Del Yocam k)         Paul jobs was a ——. a.         (i)   driver                 (ii)    pilot                     (iii)   car mechanic       (iv)   bus conductor l)          Steve Jobs was adopted by Paul Jobs and Clara Jobs. Here adopted means——. a.         (i)   legally raised another person’s child       (ii)    left alone (iii) encountered                                           (iv)   motivated m)        When steve was in —— a turning point came. (i)   grade three.        (ii)    grade four            (iii)   grade five            (iv)   grade seven n)          The school proposed that Jobs should skip ——. (i)   one class            (ii)    two classes           (iii)   no class                (iv)   three classes o)         Steve did not accept other people’s ——. (ii)  advice                (ii)    request                 (iii)   authority              (iv)   command p)         Who was Paul Jobs?               (i)   teacher               (ii)    driver                   (iii)   maker                   (iv)   pilot q)          Who was Steve Jobs? (i)   baby                  (ii)    daughter               (iii)   son                       (iv)   kid   2.Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What was Steve Jobs famous for? b)         What did the teacher find out watching him very closely? c)         When did a turning point come? d)         What did the school propose? e)         Why did Steve get bored? Extra Practices 1.         What is Paul Jobs? 2.         What did Job’s mother teach him? 3.         What was the name of his teachers? 4.         What did the teacher do to get things done by him? 5.         What was Steve Jobs’ role?   1.      a. (i) Apple; b. (iv) computer; c. (iv) NeXT; d. (iv) easy; e. (i) 2011; f. (iii) visionary; g. (i) very popular; h. (iv) changed people’s notion regarding computer; i. (iii) 05 October 2011; j. (iii) i & ii. 2.      a. Steve Jobs left Apple after losing a power battle with the board of directors. Yes, some products of Apple Company are iMac, iTunes, iPod, iPhone and iPad. Steve Jobs co-founded Pixar Animation Studios. Steve was specialized in the electronic field of computers and consumers. 1.      a. i) car mechanic; b. ii) dominance; c. i) proposed; d. ii) was adopted by; e. i) four; f. ii) loved; g. i) colleague; h. iii) read and write; i) two days; j) iii) Ms Imogene Hill; k. (iii); l. (i); m. (ii); n. (ii); o. (iii); p. (i); q. (iii). 2.      a. Steve Jobs was famous for his career in the electronic field of computers and consumers. The teacher watching him very closely found out soon how to handle him and get things done by him. A turning point came when he was in grade four. The school proposed that Jobs should skip two grades and go into seventh grade. Steve got bored as he found out that he knew everything that the teachers were teaching. So he got no interest in the class.

Read the following passage and answer the questions below: Mother Teresa was moved by the sight of the sick and dying on the streets of Kolkata. She founded the home for the dying destitute  and named it 'Nirmal Hriday': meaning 'Pure Heart'. She and her fellow nuns brought the dying people off the streets of Kolkata to this home. They were lovingly looked after and cared for. Since then many men, women and children have been taken from the streets and carried to Nirmal Hriday. These unloved and uncared people get an opportunity to die in an environment of kindness and love. In their last hours, they get human and divine  love, and can feel they are also children of God. Those who survive, the Missionaries of Charity try to find jobs for them or send them to homes where they can live happily for some more years in a caring environment. Regarding commitment to family, Mother Teresa said, “May be in our own family, we have somebody, who is feeling lonely, who is feeling sick, who is feeling worried. Are we there? Are we willing to give until it hurts in order to be with our families, or do we put our interest first? We must remember that love begins at home and we must also remember that future of humanity passes through the family. Mother Teresa's work has been recognized throughout the world and she has received a number of awards. These include the Pope John XXIII Peace Prize (1971), the Nehru Prize for Promotion of International Peace & Understanding (1972), the Balzan Prize (1978), the Nobel Peace Prize (1979) and the Bharat Ratna (1980). Mother Teresa died at the age of 87, on 5 September 1997. The world salutes  her for her love and compassion  for humanity. She has taught us how to extend  our hand towards those who need our love and support irrespective  of creed, caste and religion. The picture of mother Teresa, draped in a white and blue bordered sari, with a wrinkled face, ever soft eyes and a saintly smile, lives on in our mind. Multiple Choice Questions 1.Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. (a) Mother Teresa died in (i) 1990 (ii) 1997 (iii) 1996 (iv) 1999 Answer: (a) (ii) 1997 (b) Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word 'survive'? (i) dead (ii) exist (iii) death (iv) about to die Answer: (b) (ii) exist (c) Which of the following has the. meaning of the word 'dying'? (i) steel alive , (ii) death (iii) about to die (iv) dead Answer: (c) (iii) about to die (d) At Nirmol Hriday, the dying people man brought to (i) hasten their death . (ii) halt their den (iii) punish them (iv) provide a cozy environment to die Answer: (d) (iv) provide a cosy environment to die (e) In the passage the word "destitute' has be used as a/an -- (i) adjective (ii) noun (iii) verb (iv) adverb Answer: (e) (ii) noun (f) Which of the following has the meaning of the word 'destitute'? (i) death (ii) solvent (iii) penniless  (iv)about to die Answer: (f) (iii) penniless (g) Mother Teresa was moved by the presence the sick and dying on the streets of Kolkata Here the phrase 'was moved by' means (i) transferred (ii) hesitated (iii) felt compassion (iv) felt hasted Answer: (g) (iii) felt compassion Extra Questions : (1) The word 'compassion' means -- (i) sustain (ii) cruelty (iii) emotion (iv) kindness Answer: (1) (iv) kindness (2) Kindness, love, sympathy are related to (i) humanity (ii) blessing (iii) compassion (iv) feeling Answer: (2) (i) humanity (3)What does the 'missionaries of charity mean? (i)The donating preachers (ii) The Preachers ( iii) The donors (iv) All above are correct Answer: (3) (i) The donating preachers (4) The sick and dying people on the streets of Kolkata -- the heart of Mother Teresa. (i) trembled (ii) shrunk (iii) aggraded (iv) touched Answer: (4) (iv) touched (5) What is the main purpose of the passage? (i) To depict Mother Teresa's love for humanity (ii) To portray the miserable condition of the dying people (iii) To let the people know about the awards of Mother Teresa (iv) To state the activities of the Missionaries of charity Answer: (5) (i) To depict Mother Teresa's love for humanity (6) Which of the following best describes that  home founded by Mother Teresa was a rehabilitation center? (i) They nursed the sick (ii) They nursed the dying people (iii) They tried to find jobs for the survivors (iv) All the three Answer: (6) (iv) All the three (7) Which of the following statements is true about Mother Teresa? (i) She founded the home for the old (ii) She founded the home for the lame (iii) She founded the home for the blind (iv) She founded the home for the dying destitute Answer: (7) (iv) She founded the home for the dying destitute  (8) In the passage the word 'deserve' means (i) protect (ii) preserve (iii) conserve (iv) be worthy of Answer: (8) (iv) be worthy of (9) She got Nobel Prize for Peace in (i) 1971 (ii) 1972 (iii) 1978 (iv) 1979 Answer: (9) (iv) 1979 (10) Future of humanity passes through (i) Community (ii) hospitality (iii) amusement center (iv) the family Answer: (10) (iv) the family (11) How many prizes did Mother Teresa receive (i) Two (ii) Four (iii) Six (iv) Five Answer: (11) (iv) Five (12) Which title of the following will suite passage best? (i) The beginning (ii) Mother Teresa (iii) Nirmol Hridoy (iv) Love for Humanity Answer: (12) (iv) Love for Humanity (13) Mother Teresa used to have a -- smile (i) wicked (ii) motherly (iii) holy (iv) false Answer: (13) (iii) holy (14) She taught us how to -- our hand to the  destitute. (i) spread (ii) contract (iii) limit (iv) show Answer: (14) (i) spread (15) Mother Teresa had no family but her-- (i) asked all to marry (ii) asked all to give importance to family (iii) taught all to love their children (iv) asked the husbands to be loving to their wives Answer: (15) (ii) asked all to give importance to family (16) Mother Teresa — Nobel Prize for peace, (i) forsook (ii) bagged (iii) was presented (iv) quitted Answer: (16) (iii) was presented (17) Future of humanity passes through the family. The underlined word is a/an (i) conjunction (ii) adjective (iii) preposition (iv) adverb Answer: (17) (iii) preposition (18) The word 'irrespective' means – (i) not taking  into  account (ii) showing  disrespect (iii) showing respect (iv) both i & i Answer: (18) (i) not taking into accounit (19) What does the expression 'divine love' mean? (i) spiritual blessing (ii) familial care (iii) Charitable act (iv) act of kindness Answer: (19) (i) spiritual blessing (20) Which of the following describes Mother Teresa best? (i) common (ii) simple (iii) ordinary (iv) extraordinary Answer: (20) (iv) extraordinary (21) Mother Teresa took the sick and dying to the home to — for. (i) care (ii) look (iii) settle (iv) se Answer: (21) (i) care (23) Which of the following best describes 'divine gift? (i) They got God's blessing (ii) They got God's wrath (iii) They got God's happiness (iv) All answers are correct Answer: (23) (i) They got God's blessing (24) Mother Teresa won the Nobel Prize for — (i) humanity (ii) charity (iii) peace (iv) rehabilitation Answer: (24) (iii) peace (25) The word 'home' in line--3 means -- (i) house (ii) birth place (iii) orphanage (iv) hostel Answer: (25) (i) house (26) Which of following is the greatest award? (i) Pope John XXIII Peace Prize (ii) Nehru prize (iii) the Nobel Peace Prize (iv) Bharat Ratna Answer: (26) (iii) the Nobel Peace Prize Short Answer Question 2. Answer the following questions. (a) How did the Indian Government and the world honour Mother Teresa? Answer: (a) The Indian Government and the world honoured Mother Teresa by recognizing he work for humanity and by giving man prestigious prizes like the Nobel Prize. (b) What should be your duty towards the society, 'the humanity as a student after knowing about Mother Teresa? Answer: (b). After knowing about Mother Teresa and as student I have many duties towards the society and the humanity. My first duty will be to lo humanity and also to work for humanity. (c) How did Nirmol Hridoy provide help to the dying destitute people? Answer: (c) Mother Teresa and her fellow nuns gathered the dying people from the streets of Kolkata and brought them to Nirmol Hridoy. They were lovingly looked after and cared for Thus Nirmal Hridoy provided help to the dying destitute people. (d) What has Mother Teresa taught us? Answer: (d) Mother Teresa has taught us that love begins at home and we must remember that future of humanity passes through the family. (e) Explain the statement 'Love begins at home in 2/3 sentences Answer:. (e) By the statement "Love begins at home" we understand that it is natural to love our family members first but at the same time we must also love the whole humanity. Extra Questions : (1) What is the general image of Mother Teresa in our mind? Answer: (1) Dressed in a white and blue-bordered sari, wrinkled face, ever soft eyes and a saintly smile, is the general image of Mother Teresa in our mind. (2) Do you think that institutions like Nirmal Hridoy and the Missionaries of Charity are the best solution to remove the sufferings of the helpless people? Why or why not? Answer:  (2) No, it’s not the best solution because these types of institutions can only take temporary measures which is inadequate for a large number of helpless people. We should create a strong economical, social and political system through which no one can ever be helpless (3) What lesson does Mother Teresa impart to us? Answer: (3) She imparted us the lesson how to extend our hand towards those who need our love and support irrespective of creed, caste and religion. (4) How did Mother Teresa become famous? Answer: (4) Mother Teresa became famous through her philanthropic activities. (5) What are the things that we have learnt from Mother Teresa? Answer: (5) The things that we have learnt from Moth Teresa are love and compassion of humanity and the commitment to family (6) Do you agree with Mother Teresa on the commitment to family? Why/Why not? Answer: (6)Yes , I agree with Mother Teresa to the commitment to family. Because love begin at home and the future of humanity passes through family. Family is the place where a person gets care, love and affection of the near and dear ones (7) Why did Teresa take the dying people to Nirmal Hridoy? Answer: (7) Teresa took the dying people to Nirmol Hridoy to give them an opportunity to die in an environment of kindness and love. (8) 'Future of humanity passes through the family.' Who said this? Why did she say this? Answer: (8) Mother Teresa said “future of humanity passes through the family”. She said this because every people learn from family so family teaches humanity generation after generation. (9) Why did Mother Teresa found 'Nirmal Hridoy?' Answer: (9) Mother Teresa founded ‘Nirmal Hridoy’ as a home for the dying destitute of the streets of Kolkata. (10) Why did Mother Teresa emphasize on family? Answer: (10) She emphasized on family because she believed that love begins at home and the future of humanity passes through family. (11) Why did Mother Teresa want the dying people to feel that they deserve care and love too? Answer: (11) Mother Teresa wanted the dying people to feel that they deserve care and love too because they are also the children of God. (12) What did Mother Teresa and her fellow nuns do with the survivors? Answer: (12) Mother Teresa and her fellow nuns tried to find jobs or sent the survivors to homes where they could live happily for some more years in a caring environment. (13) How did Mother Teresa and her fellow nuns  towards the sick and dying people? Answer: (13) Mother Teresa and her fellow nuns gathered the dying, people off the streets, lovingly looked after and cared for them. They created an environment of kindness and love for those dying people. Bangla Translation কলকাতার রাস্তায় অসুস্থ ও মৃত্যুবরণকারী মানুষদের দেখে মাদার তেরেসা অনুপ্রাণিত হয়েছিলেন। তিনি মৃত্যুবরণকারী নিঃস্বদের জন্য এই আবাসস্থলটি প্রতিষ্ঠা করেছিলেন এবং এর নাম দিয়েছিলেন 'নির্মল হৃদয়': যার অর্থ 'শুদ্ধ হৃদয়'। তিনি এবং তার সহকর্মী সন্ন্যাসিনীরা কলকাতার রাস্তা থেকে মৃতপ্রায় মানুষদের এই আবাসস্থলে নিয়ে এসেছিলেন। তাদের ভালোবাসার সাথে দেখাশোনা এবং যত্ন নেওয়া হয়েছিল। তারপর থেকে অনেক পুরুষ, মহিলা এবং শিশুকে রাস্তা থেকে তুলে নির্মল হৃদয়ে নিয়ে যাওয়া হয়েছে। এই অপ্রিয় এবং অযত্নপ্রাপ্ত মানুষরা দয়া এবং ভালোবাসার পরিবেশে মৃত্যুর সুযোগ পায়। তাদের শেষ সময়ে, তারা মানবিক এবং ঐশ্বরিক ভালোবাসা পায় এবং তারা অনুভব করতে পারে যে তারাও ঈশ্বরের সন্তান। যারা বেঁচে থাকে, মিশনারিজ অফ চ্যারিটি তাদের জন্য চাকরি খুঁজে বের করার চেষ্টা করে অথবা তাদের এমন বাড়িতে পাঠায় যেখানে তারা যত্নশীল পরিবেশে আরও কয়েক বছর সুখে থাকতে পারে। পরিবারের প্রতি অঙ্গীকার সম্পর্কে মাদার তেরেসা বলেছিলেন, “হয়তো আমাদের নিজস্ব পরিবারে কেউ আছে, যে একাকী বোধ করছে, অসুস্থ বোধ করছে, যে চিন্তিত বোধ করছে? আমরা কি সেখানে আছি? আমরা কি আমাদের পরিবারের সাথে থাকার জন্য যতক্ষণ কষ্ট হয় ততক্ষণ পর্যন্ত দান করতে ইচ্ছুক, নাকি আমরা আমাদের স্বার্থকে প্রথমে রাখি? আমাদের মনে রাখতে হবে যে ভালোবাসা শুরু হয় ঘর থেকেই এবং আমাদের এটাও মনে রাখতে হবে যে মানবতার ভবিষ্যৎ পরিবারের মধ্য দিয়েই এগিয়ে যায়। মাদার তেরেসার কাজ সারা বিশ্বে স্বীকৃত এবং তিনি বেশ কয়েকটি পুরষ্কার পেয়েছেন। এর মধ্যে রয়েছে পোপ জন XXIII শান্তি পুরষ্কার (1971), আন্তর্জাতিক শান্তি ও বোঝাপড়ার প্রচারের জন্য নেহেরু পুরষ্কার (1972), বালজান পুরষ্কার (1978), নোবেল শান্তি পুরষ্কার (1979) এবং ভারতরত্ন (1980)। মাদার তেরেসা 5 সেপ্টেম্বর 1997 সালে 87 বছর বয়সে মারা যান। মানবতার প্রতি তাঁর ভালোবাসা এবং করুণার জন্য বিশ্ব তাঁকে সালাম জানায়। তিনি আমাদের শিখিয়েছেন কিভাবে ধর্ম, বর্ণ এবং ধর্ম নির্বিশেষে যাদের আমাদের ভালোবাসা এবং সমর্থনের প্রয়োজন তাদের দিকে হাত বাড়াতে হয়। সাদা এবং নীল রঙের পাড়ের শাড়ি পরা, কুঁচকানো মুখ, চির কোমল চোখ এবং একটি পবিত্র হাসি সহ মাদার তেরেসার ছবি আমাদের মনে বেঁচে আছে। Ad Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.              It was Autumn. August 26, 1910. A little girl was born to an Albanian descent, rich Catholic merchant’s family in a small town called Skopje, Macedonia. She was the youngest of the three siblings and was named Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. Who had known that this tiny, little girl would one day become the servant of humanity– love and serve the poorest of the poor and become the mother of humanity. Yes, we are talking about none other than Mother Teresa. At the age of 12, she heard a voice from within her that urged her to spread the love of Christ.  She decided that she would be a missionary. At the age of 18 she left her parental home. She then joined an Irish community of nuns called the Sisters of Loreto, which had missions in India. After a few months of training at the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Dublin, Mother Teresa came to India. On May 24, 1931, she took her initial vows as a nun. From 1931 to 1948, Mother Teresa taught geography and catechism (religious instruction) at St. Mary’s High School in Kolkata (then Calcutta). However, the prevailing poverty in Kolkata had a deep impact on Mother Teresa’s mind, and in 1948 she received permission from her superiors to leave the convent and devote herself to work among the poorest of the poor in the slums of Kolkata. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         Mother Teresa decided to be a -----. (i) nurse                 (ii) doctor                    (iii) missionary            (iv) physician b)         The poverty in ----- had a deep impact on her mind. (i) Kolkata             (ii) Kuwait                   (iii) Kualalampur         (iv) Kathmandu c)         She was born in -----. (i) Autumn             (ii) Summer                 (iii) Winter                   (iv) Spring d)         She took her initial vows as a ----- on May 24, 1931. (i) nun                    (ii) teachers                  (iii) doctor                   (iv) nurse e)         She left her ----- at the age of 18. (i) husband            (ii) children                  (iii) father                    (iv) parental home f)          Mother Teresa was the ----- siblings. (i) youngest of the two                               (ii) eldest of the three (iii) youngest of the three                           (iv) eldest of the two g)         She heard a voice at the age of -----. (i) 12                      (ii) 16                          (iii) 18                         (iv) 20   Extra Practices h)         The voice urged her to spread the love of -----. (i) Buddhist            (ii) Christ                     (iii) Hindu                    (iv) Muslim i)          The Irish community of nuns had missions in -----. (i) Pakistan             (ii) India                      (iii) America                (iv) Bangladesh j)          She taught ----- and catechism. (i) English              (ii) Bangla                    (iii) Geography            (iv) Philosophy k)         What does “servant of humanity” mean in the text? (i)   becoming a slave                           (ii)   to work in other people’s house (iii) to be oppressed by others               (iv)  to serve the needy l)          Mother Teresa set out to join the missionary of the sisters of Loreto in the year —.                (i)   1927                                              (ii)   1928 (iii) 1929                                              (iv)  1930 m)        Mother Teresa took her first vows at the age of ——. (i)   18                                                  (ii)   19 (ii)  20                                                  (iv)  21 n)         Mother Teresa left her parental home at the age of ——. (i)   21                                                  (ii)   18 (iii) 24                                                  (iv)  26 o)         The poverty in— had a deep impact on Mother Teresa’s mind. (i)   Kolkata                                          (ii)   Bangladesh (iii) Albania                                          (iv)  Macedonia p)         Which family Teresa was from?                 (i)   Hindu                                            (ii)   Medisi   (iii) Christian                                        (iv)  Catholic q)         ‘To serve the needy’ refers that ——                  (i)   become a slave                              (ii) work for all people (iii) servant of morality                        (iv)  servant of humanity   2.Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What was the season that led Mother Teresa to be a missionary? b)         When did she leave her parental home? c)         When was Mother Teresa born? d)         What did she teach at St Mary’s High School? e)         What made impression on her mind? Extra Practices 1.         What did the voice urge her? 2.         What did she decide? 3.         Where did she join? 4.         When did she take her initial vows as a nun? 5.         Where did she teach? 6.         Do you think that Mother Teresa is a great lady of humanity?   Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                 Mother Teresa was moved by the presence of the sick and dying on the streets of Kolkata. She founded the home for the dying destitute and named it ‘Nirmal Hridoy’, meaning ‘Pure Heart’. She and her fellow nuns gathered the dying people off the streets of Kolkata and brought them to this home. They were lovingly looked after and cared for.  Since then men, women and children have been taken from the streets and carried to Nirmol Hridoy. T hese unloved and uncared for people get an opportunity to die in an environment of kindness and love. In their last hours they get human and Divine love, and can feel they are also children of God. Those who survive, the Missionaries of Charity try to find jobs  for them or send them  to homes  where they can live happily for some more years in a caring environment. Regarding commitment to family, Mother Teresa said, “ Maybe in our own family, we have somebody, who is feeling lonely, who is feeling sick, who is feeling worried. Are we there? Are we willing to give until it hurts in order to be with our families, or do we put our interest first? We must remember that love begins at home and we must also remember that future of humanity passes through the family”. Mother Teresa’s work has been recognised throughout the world and she has received a number of awards. These include the Pope John XXIII Peace Prize (1971), the Nehru Prize for Promotion of International Peace & Understanding (1972), the Balzan Prize (1978), the Nobel Peace Prize (1979) and the Bharat Ratna (1980). Mother Teresa died at the age of 87, on 5 September 1997.The world salutes her for her love and compassion for humanity. She has taught us how to extend our hand towards those who need our love and support irrespective of creed, caste and religion. Draped in a white and blue-bordered sari, wrinkled face, ever soft eyes and a saintly smile, is the picture of Mother Teresa in our mind. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         Mother Teresa founded the home for the -----. (i) old                     (ii) lame                       (iii) blind                     (iv) dying destitute b)         She has taught the world how to extend our hands towards the -----. (i) rich                    (ii) powerful                (iii) needy                    (iv) thief c)         She received the Nobel Peace Prize in -----. (i) 1979                  (ii) 1975                      (iii) 1976                     (iv) 1978 d)         She along with her ----- treated the dying people with care and love. (i) fellow nuns       (ii) sisters                     (iii) brothers                 (iv) friends e)         She breathed her last on -----. (i) September 5, 1979                                (ii) September 5, 1997 (iii) March 3, 1997                                     (iv) March 5, 1979 f)          The world salutes Mother Teresa for her ----- for humanity. (i) love and affection                                 (ii) honesty (iii) truthfulness                                         (iv) love and compassion g)         She wore a ----- sari. (i) white and blue-bordered                        (ii) blue (iii) black                                                   (iv) white     Extra Practices h)         She died in the ----- century. (i) 18th                   (ii) 19th                       (iii) 20th                      (iv) 21st i)          She got the Bharat Ratna Prize in -----. (i) 1981                  (ii) 1988                      (iii) 1980                     (iv) 1989 j)          Mother Teresa said that love begins at -----. (i) home                 (ii) school                    (iii) college                  (iv) university k)         Mother Teresa received —— award in 1979. (i) The Balzan Prize                                    (ii)   The Nobel Peace Prize (iii) The Pope John XXIII Peace Prize        (iv)  The Bharat Ratna l)          Mother Teresa passed away on ——. (i) September 5, 1979                                (ii) December 5, 1997 (iii) September 5, 1997                              (iv) December 5, 1979 m)        Teresa founded the home for ——. (i) The old people                                      (ii) The blind people (iii) The lame people                                  (iv) The dying destitute n)         Mother Teresa along with her —— gathered the dying people. (i) sisters                (ii) brothers                  (iii) students                 (iv) fellow nuns o)         Mother Teresa has taught the world how to ——. (i) become rich overnight                           (ii) exploit the general masses (iii) take bribe from people                        (iv) extend our hand towards the needy p)         Mother Teresa brought —— to Nirmal Hridoy (i) only men           (ii) only women           (iii) only children         (iv) all of them q)         Mother Teresa and her fellow nuns brought —— to ‘Nirmal Hridoy’.               (i) the poor people                                     (ii) the old people (iii)  the blind people                                 (iv) sick and dying people 2.Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What do you think the world salutes Mother Teresa for? b)         What has she taught us? c)         What opportunity did the unloved and uncared people get in touch of Mother Teresa? d)         When did she receive the Nobel Peace Prize? e)         When did she pass away? Extra Practices 1.         What is the picture of Mother Teresa in our mind? 2.         What prize did she get in 1980? 3.         What moved Mother Teresa? 4.         Why did she found Nirmal Hridoy for? 5.         What did she and her fellow nuns do? 6.         Why does the world salute Mother Teresa? 7.         What did she teach us? 8.         When did Mother Teresa die? 9.         What was the feeling of the unloved and uncared people in touch of Mother teresa? 1.      a. (ii) missionary; b. (i) Kolkata; c. (i) Autumn; d. (i) nun; e. (iv) parental home; f. (iii) youngest of the three; g. (i) 12; h. (ii) Christ; i. (ii) India; j. (iii) geography. k. (iv); l.  (ii); m.  (iv); n.  (ii); o.  (i); p. (iv); q. (iv). 2.      a. Mother Teresa wanted to be a missionary because she heard a voice within herself that urged her to spread the love of Christ. She left her parental home at the age of 18. Mother Teresa was born on August 26, 1910. She taught geography and catechism at St Mary’s High School. The prevailing poverty in Kolkata made a deep impression on her mind. The voice urged her to spread the love of Christ. 1.      a. (iv) dying destitute; b. (iii) needy; c. (i) 1979; d. (i) fellow nuns; e. (ii) September 5, 1997; f. (iv) love and compassion; g. (i) white and blue-bordered; 2.      a. The world salutes Mother teresa for her motherly love and compassion for humanity. She has taught us how to extend our helping hands towards the dying destitute. The unloved and uncared people got an opportunity to die in environment of kindness and love. She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. She passed away on September 5, 1997. Drapped in a white and blue-bordered sari, wrinkled face, ever soft eyes and a saintly smile is the picture of Mother Teresa in our mind. Ad

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                In the primitive age communications took place between humans through signs and gestures. As humans began to use their vocal chords, these silent gestures were no longer used as the primary means of communication. But they did not completely disappear. They evolved as a form of art, used to entertain thousands, and came to be known as ‘mime’. Mime touched a little boy’s heart while he was watching a performance in his village. He was so fascinated by the show that he was determined  to master this art. He is no other than Partha Pratim Majumder, who won the world’s highest award in mime — Moliere Award. Partha is undoubtedly a forerunner in the field of mime in Bangladesh. He started as a musician and his keen sense of rhythm helped him to let his limbs move and express his surroundings through gestures. Partha Pratim Majumder is the first Bangladeshi to take up mime as a profession. He performed in a number of television shows in Bangladesh and gained popularity. In his mime, Majumder depicted the day-to-day life of the people. There was sadness, tears as well as happiness and laughter. Majumder’s turning point of life came in 1979, when he was asked to give a solo performance in Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy. The then French ambassador Loic Moreau happened to be among the audience. Mr. Moreau noticed the talent in Mojumder.  In 1981, the French Government offered him a scholarship so that he could get professional training in mime.   This was the first time that a student was granted a  French scholarship in mime. Mojumder started his training under the legendry maestro, Etiene Decroux. Through Decroux, he met another celebrated mime artist named Marcel Marceau.  Marceau has transformed modern mime by taking it to an unimaginable height. Marceau was very impressed by the Bangladeshi young talent and offered him a place in his school for mime, named ‘Ecole Internationale de Mimodrame de Paris-Marcel Marceau’. This school is the biggest and the best in the world. During his three years training period, Majumder practiced 16-18 hours daily till each and every bone in his body would feel like breaking. After his time with Marceau, there was no looking back for Majumder. He staged solo performances in England, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Italy and the USA. French, Canadian and American TV channels enthusiastically aired his shows. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         Partha Pratim Majumder won the _ highest award in mime. (i) world’s                  (ii) American               (iii) Indian                   (iv) African b)         Partha is a forerunner in the field of _ in Bangladesh. (i) mime                     (ii) art                          (iii) literature                (iv) song c)         The turning point of Majumder’s life came in _. (i) 1979                      (ii) 1978                      (iii) 1997                     (iv) 1987 d)         The govt of _ offered Majumder a scholarship. (i) French                   (ii) India                      (iii) Nepal                    (iv) Pakistan e)         Majumder practiced 16-18 hours daily during his _ training period. (i) Three months        (ii) three years              (iii) six months            (iv) five months f)          In what form have the silent gestures evolved into? (i) drama                    (ii) cinema                   (iii) mime                     (iv) dance g)         Before the use of speech, communication took place through _ language. (i) art                          (ii) sign                        (iii) written                   (iv) spoken h)         Extra Practices i)          In older times the actors who performed mime used to put white paint on their _. (i) limbs                     (ii) body                      (iii) face                       (iv) hair j)          In the sentence “It touched a little boy’s heart while he was watching a performance in his village.” Here touched means _. (i) appealed                (ii) requested               (iii) advised                 (iv) taught k)         The French govt offered him a _. (i) award                    (ii) scholarship             (iii) reward                   (iv) prize l)          Before the use of speech, communication took place through — language. (i)     written               (ii)    sign                (iii) spoken                         (iv)   art m)        In what  form have the silent gestures evolved into? (i)     drama                (ii)    cinema           (iii) mime                           (iv)   dance n)         In older times the octors who performed mime used to put write pain on their —. (i)     limbs                  (ii)    body              (iii) face                             (iv)   hair o)         In the sentence “It touched a little boy’s heart while he was watching a performance in his  village”. Here “touched” means——. (i)     appealed            (ii)    requested       (iii) taught                           (iv)   broke p)         During his three years training. Majumder practiced 16-18 hours——. (i)     daily                  (ii)    monthly         (iii) weekly                         (iv)   fortnightly q)         In the passage primary’ is a on——. (i)     verb                   (ii)    adverb           (iii) adjective                      (iv)   noun r)          The synonym of ‘forerunner’ is ——. (i)     harbinger           (ii)    hardihood      (iii) locum                          (iv)   above all   Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 1.         When did mime touch Majumder’s heart? 2.         When did the turning point of life of Majumder come? 3.         When did the French Govt offer Partha a scholarship? 4.         What is mime? 5.         What is the name of school where Partha is placed?   Extra Practices 1.         What did Majumder depict in his mime? 2.         Why did the French Govt offer him scholarship? 3.         Who was Marcel Marceau? 4.         Who was Loic Moreau? 5.         How did Partha gain popularity? 6.         When did the French government offer Partha a scholarship? 7.         When did the turning point of life of Majumder come? 8.         When did mime touch Majumder’s heart? Answer: 1.      a. (i) world’s; b. (i) mime; c. (i) 1979; d. (i) French; e. (ii) three years; f. (iii) mime; g. (ii) sign; 2.      a. Mime touched Majumder’s heart when he was a little boy and was watching a performance in his village. The turning point of life of Majumder came in 1979. The French Govt offered Partha a scholarship in 1981. In ancient time communications took place between humans through signs and gestures. These silent gestures, at one point, evolved as a form of art and came to be known as mime. The name of the school where Partha is placed is “Ecole Internationale de Mimodrame de Paris Marcel Merceau.” Majumder depicted the day-to-day life of the people in his mime. The French Govt offered him scholarship so that Partha could get professional training in mime. Bangla Translation আদিম যুগে মানুষের মধ্যে যোগাযোগ হতো ইশারা এবং অঙ্গভঙ্গির মাধ্যমে। মানুষ যখন তাদের কণ্ঠস্বর ব্যবহার শুরু করে, তখন এই নীরব অঙ্গভঙ্গি আর যোগাযোগের প্রাথমিক মাধ্যম হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হত না। কিন্তু এগুলি সম্পূর্ণরূপে বিলুপ্ত হয়ে যায়নি। এগুলি শিল্পের একটি রূপ হিসেবে বিকশিত হয়েছিল, হাজার হাজার মানুষকে বিনোদন দিত এবং 'মাইম' নামে পরিচিতি লাভ করে। মাইম একটি ছোট ছেলের হৃদয় স্পর্শ করেছিল যখন সে তার গ্রামে একটি পরিবেশনা দেখছিল। সে অনুষ্ঠানটি দেখে এতটাই মুগ্ধ হয়ে গিয়েছিল যে সে এই শিল্পে দক্ষতা অর্জনের জন্য দৃঢ়প্রতিজ্ঞ ছিল। সে আর কেউ নয়, পার্থ প্রতিম মজুমদার, যিনি মাইমে বিশ্বের সর্বোচ্চ পুরস্কার - মোলিয়ের পুরস্কার জিতেছিলেন। পার্থ নিঃসন্দেহে বাংলাদেশে মাইমের ক্ষেত্রে একজন অগ্রদূত। তিনি একজন সঙ্গীতশিল্পী হিসেবে শুরু করেছিলেন এবং ছন্দের প্রতি তার তীব্র বোধ তাকে অঙ্গ-প্রত্যঙ্গ নড়াচড়া করতে এবং অঙ্গভঙ্গির মাধ্যমে তার চারপাশের পরিবেশ প্রকাশ করতে সাহায্য করেছিল। পার্থ প্রতিম মজুমদার হলেন প্রথম বাংলাদেশী যিনি মাইমকে পেশা হিসেবে গ্রহণ করেছিলেন। তিনি বাংলাদেশে বেশ কয়েকটি টেলিভিশন অনুষ্ঠানে অভিনয় করেছিলেন এবং জনপ্রিয়তা অর্জন করেছিলেন। মজুমদার তার মাইমে মানুষের দৈনন্দিন জীবনের চিত্র তুলে ধরেছিলেন। দুঃখ, কান্নার পাশাপাশি সুখ এবং হাসিও ছিল। মজুমদারের জীবনের মোড় আসে ১৯৭৯ সালে, যখন তাকে বাংলাদেশ শিল্পকলা একাডেমিতে একক পরিবেশনা করার জন্য বলা হয়েছিল। তৎকালীন ফরাসি রাষ্ট্রদূত লোইক মোরেউ দর্শকদের মধ্যে উপস্থিত ছিলেন। মিঃ মোরেউ মজুমদারের প্রতিভা লক্ষ্য করেছিলেন। ১৯৮১ সালে, ফরাসি সরকার তাকে স্কলারশিপ প্রদান করে যাতে তিনি মূকাভিনয়ের পেশাদার প্রশিক্ষণ পেতে পারেন। এটিই ছিল প্রথমবারের মতো একজন ছাত্রকে মূকাভিনয়ে ফরাসি বৃত্তি দেওয়া হয়েছিল। মজুমদার কিংবদন্তি বাদক এতিয়েন ডেক্রোর অধীনে তার প্রশিক্ষণ শুরু করেছিলেন। ডেক্রোর মাধ্যমে, তিনি মার্সেল মার্সো নামে আরেকজন বিখ্যাত মূকাভিনয় শিল্পীর সাথে দেখা করেন। মার্সো আধুনিক মূকাভিনয়কে এক অকল্পনীয় উচ্চতায় নিয়ে গিয়ে রূপান্তরিত করেছেন। মার্সো বাংলাদেশি তরুণ প্রতিভা দেখে খুবই মুগ্ধ হয়েছিলেন এবং তাকে তার মূকাভিনয়ের স্কুলে স্থান দেওয়ার প্রস্তাব দেন, যার নাম ছিল 'ইকোল ইন্টারন্যাশনাল ডি মিমোড্রাম ডি প্যারিস-মার্সেল মার্সো'। এই স্কুলটি বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে বড় এবং সেরা। তিন বছরের প্রশিক্ষণের সময়কালে, মজুমদার প্রতিদিন ১৬-১৮ ঘন্টা অনুশীলন করেছিলেন যতক্ষণ না তার শরীরের প্রতিটি হাড় ভেঙে যাওয়ার মতো অনুভূত হত। মার্সোর সাথে থাকার পর, মজুমদারকে আর পিছনে ফিরে তাকাতে হয়নি। তিনি ইংল্যান্ড, বেলজিয়াম, জার্মানি, স্পেন, ইতালি এবং মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে একক পরিবেশনা করেছিলেন। ফরাসি, কানাডিয়ান এবং আমেরিকান টিভি চ্যানেলগুলি উৎসাহের সাথে তার অনুষ্ঠানগুলি সম্প্রচার করেছিল। Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                  Partha Pratim Majumder was born in 1954 in Pabna to a family of artistes. He spent most of his early years in his ancestral home, one of the biggest houses, situated in a small locality known as Kalachandpara. At that time Kalachandpara was well known for its cultural activities. There were festivals and various types of cultural shows round the year. Majumder’s father, a photographer by profession was an art lover. He taught and inspired his son to appreciate different forms of art. Majumder went to live with his aunt in Chandernagar, 30 kilometres away from Kolkata in 1966. It was there that he first came across a mime artiste named Jogesh Dutta. The way Dutta  narrated  stories without uttering a single word, left Majumder spellbound. He took lessons on mime from Dutta in Jogesh Dutta’s mime academy in Kolkata from 1966 to 1972. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         Majumder went to ----- live with his aunt. (i) Chandpur            (ii) Chanderhat            (iii) Chandernagar        (iv) Chunasughat b)         Majumder’s ----- was a photographer. (i) father                  (ii) brother                   (iii) uncle                     (iv) cousin c)         The birth place of Partha Pratim is -----. (i) Patna                   (ii) Pabna                     (iii) Paharpur               (iv) Parbatipur d)         He was highly inspired by his -----. (i) father                  (ii) mother                   (iii) sister                     (iv) brother e)         Chandernagar is ----- away from Kolkata. (i) forty kms.            (ii) thirty kms.              (iii) thiry miles.            (iv) fifty kms. f)          Majumder was born in -----. (i) 1954                    (ii) 1945                      (iii) 1950                     (iv) 1854 g)         His father was born in -----. (i) artist                    (ii) art lover                 (iii) honest man            (iv) educationist   Extra Practices h)         ----- was well-known for its cultural activities. (i) Kalyanpur           (ii) Kalachandpara       (iii) Khamarpara          (iv) Kamarkhali i)          He went to Chandernagar in -----. (i) 1996                    (ii) 1966                      (iii) 1954                                 (iv) 1960 j)          Majumder took lessons on ----- from Dutta. (i) mime                   (ii) sports                     (iii) photography          (iv) drawing   Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         Why did Majumder go to Chandernagar? b)         Who inspired him to appreciate different forms of art? c)         Where did he take lessons on mime from Dutta? d)         What was Majumder’s father? e)         What made Majumder spellbound?   Extra Practices 1.         When was Partha Pratim Majumder born? 2.         Where did he spend most of his early years? 3.         What was Kalachandpara well known for? 4.         Where was Chandernagar? 5.         Did Partha take lessons on mime? 1.      a. (iii) Chandernagar; b. (i) father; (ii) Pabna; d. (i) father; e. (i) thirty kms; f. (i) 1954; g. (ii) art lover; h. (ii) Kalachandpara; i. (ii) 1966; j. (i) mime. 2.      a. Majumder went to Chandernagar to live with his aunt. Partha’s father inspired him to appreciate different forms of art. He took lessons on mime from Dutta in Jogesh Dutta’s mime academy in Kolkata. Majumder’s father was a photographer and arts lover. The way Jogesh Dutta narrated stories without uttering a single word made Majumder spellbound. Ad Ad

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                The pioneer of Bangladeshi modern art Zainul Abedin is widely acclaimed for his Bengal ‘Famine Sketches’. Through a series of sketches, Zainul not only documented the harsh famine of 1940 but also showed its sinister face through the skeletal figures of the people destined to die of starvation in a man-made plight. He depicted these extremely shocking pictures with human compassion. He made his own ink by burning charcoal and using cheap ordinary packing paper for sketching. He produced a series of brush and ink drawings, which later became iconic images of human sufferings. Zainul developed a knack for drawing and painting when he was a high school student. After completing high school, he got admission to the Government School of Art, Calcutta (now Kolkata). He graduated with the first position in first class in 1938. He was appointed teacher of the Art School while he was still a student there. He also attended the Slade School of Arts, London in 1951-52. Zainul Abedin is considered the founding father of Bangladeshi art. He was an artist of outstanding talent and earned international reputation. For his artistic and visionary qualities, he is referred to as Shilpacharya meaning ‘great teacher of art’ in Bangladesh. He was the first Principal of the first art school in Dhaka in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). He organized the Nabanna (harvest) exhibition in 1969. In the exhibition, a 65-foot long scroll portraying the rural East Pakistan in phases from abundance to poverty.  This intensified  the already heightened non-cooperation movement against the Pakistan regime. The exhibition was symbolic of the artists’ protest and a milestone in demanding cultural and political freedom. Zainul’s dynamic style of work is evident in a 30 foot long scroll painting called Manpura, which was done to commemorate the death of hundreds and thousands of people in the devastating cyclone of 1970. He designed the pages of Constitution of Bangladesh. He founded the Folk Art Museum at Sonargoan, and also Zainul Abedin Shangrahasala, a gallery of his own works in Mymensing  in 1975. The river Brahmaputra plays a predominant role in his paintings and a source of inspiration all through his career. Much of his childhood was spent near the scenic beauty of the river Brahmaputra. A series of water colours that Zainul did as his tribute to the river earned him the Governor’s Gold Medal in an all-India exhibition in 1938. This was the first time when he came into spotlight and this award gave him the confidence to create his own visual style. Zainul was born in Kishoreganj on 29 December 1914 and died on 28 May 1976. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         Zainul Abedin graduated with — in 1938. (i) first class             (ii) honour                   (iii) award                    (iv) distinction b)         Zainul developed a knack for —. (i) drawing               (ii) painting                  (iii) fishing                   (iv) drawing and painting c)         _ plays a pivotal role in his paintings. (i) Brahmaputa         (ii) Buriganga               (iii) Nabaganga                        (iv) Surma d)         Zainul was born in —. (i) Kaliganj               (ii) Keraniganj             (iii) Kishoreganj           (iv) Manikganj e)         Zainul is considered the — of Bangladeshi art. (i) father                  (ii) founding father      (iii) famous artist         (iv) renowned painter f)          Zainul attended the Slade School of Arts in —. (i)1950-1951           (ii) 1951-1952             (iii) 1952-1954            (iv) 1951-1961 g)         He was the — of the first art school in Dhaka. (i) first student         (ii) first Principal          (iii) second Principal    (iv) second student   Extra Practices h)         He organized the harvest exhibition is —. (i) 1969                    (ii) 1996                      (iii) 1959                     (iv) 1989 i)          Zainul designed the pages of Constitution of —. (i) Bangladesh          (ii) India                      (iii) Pakistan                (iv) Nepal j)          Zainul passed away on —. (i) 1974                    (ii) 1975                      (iii) 1976                                 (iv) 1996 k)         Zainul Abedin developed a knack for drawing and painting when he was a student of —. (i)   College              (ii)    High school         (iii)   University            (iv)   Art College l)          Zainul graduated with the — position in 1938. a.         (i)   first                    (ii)    second                 (ii)    third                     (iv)   fifth m)        The river which plays a resplendent role in his paintings is —. (i)   the Padma          (ii)    the Meghna          (iii)   the Jamuna          (iv)   the Brahmaputra n)         The Brahmaputra plays a — role in his paintings. a.         (i)   Significant         (ii)    Important             (iii)   Resplendent         (iv)   Vital o)         When Zainul graduated with first position. (i)   1951                  (ii)    1939                    (iii)   1938                    (iv)   1940 p)         If Calcutta before used, what word we used now ——. (i)   Kalkata              (ii)    Kolkata                (iii)   Culcutta               (iv)   Cullcutta q)         Becoming an artist of outstanding talent what reputation specially he eared ——? (i)   External             (ii)    National               (iii)   International        (iv)   Seminational     2.Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What is “Shilpacharya”? b)         What intensified the non-co-operation movement against Pakistan regime? c)         What plays a resplendent role in his career? d)         When did Zainul Abedin develop a knack for drawing and painting? e)         Where did he found the Folk Art Museum?   Extra Practices 1.         What do you know about Zainul Abedin? 2.         Why is Zainul widely acclaimed? 3.         Where did he get admission after completing high school? 4.         Why do you think he is referred to as “Shilpacharya”? 5.         Did he get the Governor’s Gold Medal? 6.         When was Zainul Abedin born? 7.         What plays a predominant role in his career? 8.         Where did he found the folk Art Museum? 9.         What do you mean by shilpacharja? 10.       When did Zainul develop a knack for drawing and painting?   Answer: 1.      a. (i) cooking special dishes and wearing new clothes; b. (ii) 1974; c. (iii) 60% d. (iv) built from; e. (ii) Gross National Happiness; f. (ii) 18394; g. (i) 716896; 2.      a. The progress of Bhutan as a nation is measured by Gross National Happiness. Loser is celebrated by cooking special dishes and wearing new clothes. The govt lifted a ban on TV and the Internet only in 1999. It is mandatory for all Bhutanese to wear only their national dress in public. Bhutanese houses are built from mud and stone with wooden roof. Bangla Translation বাংলাদেশী আধুনিক শিল্পের পথিকৃৎ জয়নুল আবেদীন তাঁর 'দুর্ভিক্ষের স্কেচ'-এর জন্য ব্যাপকভাবে প্রশংসিত। ধারাবাহিক স্কেচের মাধ্যমে জয়নুল কেবল ১৯৪০ সালের ভয়াবহ দুর্ভিক্ষকেই লিপিবদ্ধ করেননি, বরং মানবসৃষ্ট দুর্দশায় অনাহারে মারা যাওয়া মানুষের কঙ্কালের চিত্রের মাধ্যমে এর ভয়াবহ চেহারাও তুলে ধরেছেন। তিনি মানবিক করুণার সাথে এই অত্যন্ত মর্মান্তিক ছবিগুলি চিত্রিত করেছিলেন। তিনি কাঠকয়লা জ্বালিয়ে এবং স্কেচের জন্য সস্তা সাধারণ প্যাকিং কাগজ ব্যবহার করে নিজের কালি তৈরি করেছিলেন। তিনি তুলি এবং কালির অঙ্কনের একটি সিরিজ তৈরি করেছিলেন, যা পরবর্তীতে মানুষের দুর্দশার প্রতীকী চিত্র হয়ে ওঠে। জয়নুল উচ্চ বিদ্যালয়ের ছাত্র থাকাকালীনই অঙ্কন এবং চিত্রকলায় দক্ষতা অর্জন করেছিলেন। উচ্চ বিদ্যালয় শেষ করার পর, তিনি কলকাতার (বর্তমানে কলকাতা) সরকারি শিল্প বিদ্যালয়ে ভর্তি হন। ১৯৩৮ সালে তিনি প্রথম শ্রেণীতে প্রথম স্থান অর্জন করেন। সেখানে ছাত্র থাকাকালীনই তিনি আর্ট স্কুলের শিক্ষক নিযুক্ত হন। তিনি ১৯৫১-৫২ সালে লন্ডনের স্লেড স্কুল অফ আর্টসেও পড়াশোনা করেন। জয়নুল আবেদীনকে বাংলাদেশী শিল্পের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা হিসেবে বিবেচনা করা হয়। তিনি ছিলেন অসাধারণ প্রতিভার অধিকারী একজন শিল্পী এবং আন্তর্জাতিক খ্যাতি অর্জন করেছিলেন। তাঁর শৈল্পিক ও দূরদর্শী গুণাবলীর জন্য, তাঁকে বাংলাদেশে শিল্পাচার্য নামে অভিহিত করা হয় যার অর্থ 'শিল্পের মহান শিক্ষক'। তিনি পূর্ব পাকিস্তানের (বর্তমানে বাংলাদেশ) ঢাকার প্রথম শিল্প বিদ্যালয়ের প্রথম অধ্যক্ষ ছিলেন। তিনি ১৯৬৯ সালে নবান্ন (ফসল) প্রদর্শনীর আয়োজন করেছিলেন। প্রদর্শনীতে ৬৫ ফুট লম্বা একটি স্ক্রোল প্রদর্শিত হয়েছিল যেখানে প্রাচুর্য থেকে দারিদ্র্য পর্যন্ত গ্রামীণ পূর্ব পাকিস্তানের চিত্র তুলে ধরা হয়েছিল। এটি পাকিস্তান শাসনের বিরুদ্ধে ইতিমধ্যেই তীব্র অসহযোগ আন্দোলনকে তীব্রতর করে তুলেছিল। প্রদর্শনীটি শিল্পীদের প্রতিবাদের প্রতীক এবং সাংস্কৃতিক ও রাজনৈতিক স্বাধীনতার দাবিতে একটি মাইলফলক ছিল। জয়নুলের গতিশীল কাজের ধরণটি ১৯৭০ সালের ভয়াবহ ঘূর্ণিঝড়ে লক্ষ লক্ষ মানুষের মৃত্যুর স্মরণে তৈরি ৩০ ফুট লম্বা স্ক্রোল চিত্রকর্ম 'মনপুরা'-তে স্পষ্ট। তিনি বাংলাদেশের সংবিধানের পৃষ্ঠাগুলি ডিজাইন করেছিলেন। তিনি ১৯৭৫ সালে সোনারগাঁওয়ে লোকশিল্প জাদুঘর এবং ময়মনসিংহে তাঁর নিজস্ব শিল্পকর্মের একটি গ্যালারি জয়নুল আবেদীন সংগ্রাহশালা প্রতিষ্ঠা করেন। ব্রহ্মপুত্র নদী তাঁর চিত্রকলায় একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে এবং তাঁর পুরো কর্মজীবনে অনুপ্রেরণার উৎস। তাঁর শৈশবের বেশিরভাগ সময় ব্রহ্মপুত্র নদীর মনোরম সৌন্দর্যের কাছে কেটেছে। নদীর প্রতি শ্রদ্ধা জানাতে জয়নুল যে জলরঙের ছবি আঁকেন তার জন্য ১৯৩৮ সালে একটি সর্বভারতীয় প্রদর্শনীতে তাঁকে গভর্নরের স্বর্ণপদক প্রদান করা হয়। এই প্রথম তিনি আলোচনায় আসেন এবং এই পুরস্কার তাঁকে নিজস্ব দৃশ্যশৈলী তৈরির আত্মবিশ্বাস এনে দেয়। জয়নুল ১৯১৪ সালের ২৯ ডিসেম্বর কিশোরগঞ্জে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন এবং ১৯৭৬ সালের ২৮ মে মৃত্যুবরণ করেন। Ad Ad

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                Bhutan is called the Jewel of the Eastern Himalayas. This small, landlocked country is located along the southern slopes of the Himalayan range, bounded by Tibet in the North and India from the other sides. The official name of Bhutan is Druk-yul which means ‘land             of the thunder dragon’. It earned this name because of the fierce storms that often roll in from the Himalayas. The country has an area of 38,394 and a population of 716,896. Since it is cut off from the rest of the world by the Great Himalayas, a unique culture and tradition based on gentle Buddhist beliefs have evolved over time. Bhutanese men wear Gho – a knee length robe – and women wear Kira – a sheet like cloth piece. Bhutanese houses are built from mud and stone, with wooden      shingle roof. The Bhutanese never use iron nails in their buildings. Usually, the Bhutanese build each other’s houses by exchanging labour within the community. Different Festivals are celebrated all year round in Bhutan. The festivals reflect colourful masks and the rich Bhutanese culture. Dances are performed by the Buddhist monks to protect the valleys and ward off evil spirits. The main religious festival is called Tshechus. The teachings of Lord Buddha are enacted through mask dances for three-five days in the courtyard of the monasteries. People attend these events in their best clothes, with picnic baskets. Another major festival is called Losar.  It is celebrated on Lunar New Year.  People cook special dishes and wear new clothes. It is a time for family get together. Men play archery or darts while women sing and dance. Pure mountain air, crystal blue skies and pristine vegetation cover have made this small country an ideal destination for the environment lovers. The ecosystem of this small nation supports the existence of  rich flora and fauna which are protected by strict laws. Even, anyone found guilty of killing a black-necked crane could be sentenced to life in prison. The government of Bhutan has taken a number of steps to protect its bio-diversity. Bhutan is the first country in the world with specific constitutional obligations on its people to protect the environment. As per the constitution, at least 60 percent of the country must remain under forest cover at all times. Efforts are also taken to protect the nation against the intrusion of foreign cultures and values. The first foreign tourists were allowed into Bhutan in 1974. Now, tourism is encouraged but is controlled and limited to about 6,000 visitors a year. Bhutan is one of the last countries in the world to introduce television and the Internet to its people. The government lifted a ban on TV and the Internet only in 1999. The Bhutanese government has made it mandatory for all Bhutanese to wear only their national dress in public. Finally, the most interesting fact about Bhutan is that they are the only country that measures success in Gross National Happiness rather than Gross National Product! In 2006, Business Week rated Bhutan as the happiest country in Asia and the eighth happiest country in the world. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 People celebrate Losar by ¾. (i)cooking special dishes and wearing new clothes (ii) having chess and badminton (iii) having a trip to the neighbouring households (iv) harvesting crops The first foreign tourists were permitted to Bhutan in ¾. (i) 1947                    (ii) 1974                      (iii) 1927                     (iv) 1972 In Bhutan ¾ of the country must remain under forest cover. (i) 50%                    (ii) 55%                       (iii) 60%                      (iv) 65% Bhutanese houses are ¾ mud and stone with wooden roof. (i) building               (ii) built by                  (iii) build by                 (iv) built from The progress of Bhutan as a nation is measured by ¾. (i) GNP                                                        (ii) Gross National Happiness (iii) Gross National Income                          (iv) Per Capita Income Bhutan has an area of ¾ Sq kms. (i) 18394                  (ii) 28394                    (iii) 38394                   (iv) 38384 The population of Bhutan is ¾. (i) 716896                (ii) 715896                  (iii) 716869                 (iv) 176986 Extra Practices The Bhutanese never use ¾ in their buildings. (i) iron                     (ii) iron nails                (iii) wood                     (iv) wooden nails The Bhutanese build each other people’s houses by exchanging _ the community. (i) labour outside      (ii) labour within          (iii) money within        (iv) money outside   The govt lifted a ban on----- only in 1999. (i) Tlevision                                                 (ii) The Internet (iii) Thelevision and the Internet                  (iv) Internet and Computer The progress of Bhutan as a nation is measured by ——. (i)     Gross National Income            (ii)  Gross National Product (iii)   Per Capita        (iv)                   Gross National Happiness Bhutanese houses are built from——. (i)     mud, stone, woods with iron nails        (ii)    a sheet of cloth and wooden roof (iii)   mud and stone with wooden roof         (iv)   bamboo and wood As per the constitutional obligation imposed by the Bhutanese government ——. (i)     60% of the country must remain under forest cover. (ii)    foreign nationals are not allowed to visit Bhutan still now. (iii)   no citizen can use the Internet in their houses. (iv)   people must always wear traditional Bhutanese clothes. The first foreign tourists were permitted into Bhutan in ——. (i)     1947                (i)     1974                    (iii)   1927                    (iv)   1972 People celebrate Losar by ——. (i)     cooking special dishes and wearing new clothes (ii)    having chess and badminton (iii)   having a trip to the neighbouring households (iv)   harvesting crops What is called the Jewel of the  Eastern Himalayas?                 (i)     Bhutan             (ii)    Nepal                   (iii)   India                    (iv)   Bangladesh 1.         It is bounded by Tebet —–. (i)     in the East        (ii)    in the South          (iii)   in the North          (iv)   in the West 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         How is the progress of Bhutan measured? b)         How is Loser celebrated? c)         When did the govt lift a ban on TV and the Internet? d)         What is mandatory for all Bhutanese? e)         Which materials are Bhutanese houses built from? Extra Practices 1.         What do the festivals reflect? 2.         How do the Bhutanese build each other houses? 3.         What do you think the Buddhist monks perform dances? 4.         What is the main religious festival of the Bhutanese? 5.         What is Bhutan called? 6.         How is the progress of Bhutan as a nation measured? Answer: 1.      a. (i) cooking special dishes and wearing new clothes; b. (ii) 1974; c. (iii) 60% d. (iv) built from; e. (ii) Gross National Happiness; f. (ii) 18394; g. (i) 716896; 2.      a. The progress of Bhutan as a nation is measured by Gross National Happiness. Loser is celebrated by cooking special dishes and wearing new clothes. The govt lifted a ban on TV and the Internet only in 1999. It is mandatory for all Bhutanese to wear only their national dress in public. Bhutanese houses are built from mud and stone with wooden roof. Bangla Translation ভুটানকে পূর্ব হিমালয়ের রত্ন বলা হয়। এই ছোট, স্থলবেষ্টিত দেশটি হিমালয় পর্বতমালার দক্ষিণ ঢাল বরাবর অবস্থিত, উত্তরে তিব্বত এবং অন্যদিকে ভারত দ্বারা বেষ্টিত। ভুটানের সরকারী নাম ড্রুক-ইউল যার অর্থ 'বজ্র ড্রাগনের ভূমি'। হিমালয় থেকে প্রায়শই আসা প্রচণ্ড ঝড়ের কারণে এটি এই নাম পেয়েছে। দেশটির আয়তন ৩৮,৩৯৪ জন এবং জনসংখ্যা ৭,১৬,৮৯৬ জন। যেহেতু গ্রেট হিমালয় দ্বারা এটি বিশ্বের অন্যান্য অংশ থেকে বিচ্ছিন্ন, তাই সময়ের সাথে সাথে মৃদু বৌদ্ধ বিশ্বাসের উপর ভিত্তি করে একটি অনন্য সংস্কৃতি এবং ঐতিহ্য বিকশিত হয়েছে। ভুটানের পুরুষরা ঘো - হাঁটু লম্বা পোশাক - পরেন এবং মহিলারা কিরা - কাপড়ের মতো চাদরের টুকরো পরেন। ভুটানের ঘরগুলি কাদা এবং পাথর দিয়ে তৈরি, কাঠের শিঙ্গল ছাদ সহ। ভুটানিরা তাদের ভবনে কখনও লোহার পেরেক ব্যবহার করে না। সাধারণত, ভুটানিরা সম্প্রদায়ের মধ্যে শ্রম বিনিময় করে একে অপরের ঘর তৈরি করে। ভুটানে সারা বছর বিভিন্ন উৎসব পালিত হয়। এই উৎসবগুলিতে রঙিন মুখোশ এবং সমৃদ্ধ ভুটানি সংস্কৃতির প্রতিফলন দেখা যায়। বৌদ্ধ ভিক্ষুরা উপত্যকাগুলিকে রক্ষা করার জন্য এবং মন্দ আত্মাদের তাড়ানোর জন্য নৃত্য পরিবেশন করেন। প্রধান ধর্মীয় উৎসবকে বলা হয় তেশেচুস। মঠগুলির আঙিনায় তিন-পাঁচ দিন ধরে মুখোশ নৃত্যের মাধ্যমে ভগবান বুদ্ধের শিক্ষা পরিবেশিত হয়। মানুষ পিকনিকের ঝুড়ি সহ তাদের সেরা পোশাক পরে এই অনুষ্ঠানে যোগ দেয়। আরেকটি প্রধান উৎসব হল লোসার। এটি চন্দ্র নববর্ষে পালিত হয়। মানুষ বিশেষ খাবার রান্না করে এবং নতুন পোশাক পরে। এটি পরিবারের একত্রিত হওয়ার সময়। পুরুষরা তীরন্দাজ বা বাজনা খেলেন যখন মহিলারা গান গাইতেন এবং নাচতেন। বিশুদ্ধ পাহাড়ি বাতাস, স্ফটিক নীল আকাশ এবং নির্মল গাছপালা এই ছোট দেশটিকে পরিবেশ প্রেমীদের জন্য একটি আদর্শ গন্তব্য করে তুলেছে। এই ছোট জাতির বাস্তুতন্ত্র সমৃদ্ধ উদ্ভিদ এবং প্রাণীর অস্তিত্বকে সমর্থন করে যা কঠোর আইন দ্বারা সুরক্ষিত। এমনকি, কালো গলার সারস হত্যার জন্য দোষী সাব্যস্ত যে কেউ কারাগারে যাবজ্জীবন কারাদণ্ড পেতে পারে। ভুটান সরকার তার জীববৈচিত্র্য রক্ষার জন্য বেশ কয়েকটি পদক্ষেপ নিয়েছে। ভুটান বিশ্বের প্রথম দেশ যেখানে পরিবেশ রক্ষার জন্য তার জনগণের উপর নির্দিষ্ট সাংবিধানিক বাধ্যবাধকতা রয়েছে। সংবিধান অনুসারে, দেশের কমপক্ষে ৬০ শতাংশ এলাকা সর্বদা বনভূমির আওতাধীন থাকা আবশ্যক। বিদেশী সংস্কৃতি এবং মূল্যবোধের অনুপ্রবেশ থেকে দেশকে রক্ষা করার জন্যও প্রচেষ্টা চালানো হয়। ১৯৭৪ সালে ভুটানে প্রথম বিদেশী পর্যটকদের প্রবেশাধিকার দেওয়া হয়েছিল। এখন, পর্যটনকে উৎসাহিত করা হয় কিন্তু নিয়ন্ত্রিত এবং বছরে প্রায় ৬,০০০ দর্শনার্থীর মধ্যে সীমাবদ্ধ। ভুটান বিশ্বের শেষ দেশগুলির মধ্যে একটি যারা তার জনগণের কাছে টেলিভিশন এবং ইন্টারনেট চালু করেছে। সরকার ১৯৯৯ সালে টিভি এবং ইন্টারনেটের উপর থেকে নিষেধাজ্ঞা তুলে নেয়। ভুটান সরকার সকল ভুটানিদের জনসমক্ষে কেবল তাদের জাতীয় পোশাক পরিধান করা বাধ্যতামূলক করেছে। অবশেষে, ভুটান সম্পর্কে সবচেয়ে আকর্ষণীয় তথ্য হল যে তারাই একমাত্র দেশ যারা মোট জাতীয় উৎপাদনের পরিবর্তে মোট জাতীয় সুখের সাফল্য পরিমাপ করে! ২০০৬ সালে, বিজনেস উইক ভুটানকে এশিয়ার সবচেয়ে সুখী দেশ এবং বিশ্বের অষ্টম সুখী দেশ হিসেবে মূল্যায়ন করে। Ad Ad

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                India is our closet neighbour. It is the largest among South Asian Countries. In fact, India is the seventh largest country in the world with an area of 3,287,590 square kilometres. India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the South, the Arabian Sea on the West, and the Bay of Bengal on the East. It is bordered by Pakistan to the West; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the North; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the East. India is the world’s second most populous country after China. Its current population as in 2010 is around 1.15 billion. New Delhi is the capital of India and about 13 million people live in the capital. India is a land of ancient civilization. The social, economic, and cultural configurations of this vast country are the products of a long process of regional expansion. Indian history begins with the birth of the Indus Valley Civilization and the coming of the Aryans. During this period Aryan culture flourished in this part of the world. The fifth century saw the unification of India under Ashoka, and it is in his time that Buddhism spread in many parts of Asia. In the eighth century, Islam came to India for the first time and by the eleventh century it had firmly established itself. It resulted into the formation of the Delhi Sultanate in 1206 by Qutb ud din Aybek. This was finally succeeded by the Mughal Empire in 1526, under which India once again achieved a large measure of political unity. It was in the 17th century that the Europeans came to India. This coincided with the disintegration of the Mughal Empire, paving the way for regional states. In the contest for supremacy, the English emerged as the ‘victors’. In 1774 Warren Hastings was appointed the first Governor General of India by the East India Company. In 1876 Queen Victoria was given the title Empress of India by the British parliament and India came under the British rule completely. They ruled India for nearly two hundred years. This period was marked by India’s struggle for independence. Through a series of heroic and patriotic movements to restore freedom, India got its independence in 1947. The culture of India is one of the oldest and unique in the world. In India, there is amazing cultural diversity throughout the country. The South, North, and Northeast have their own distinct cultures and almost every state has carved out its own cultural distinction. There is hardly any culture in the world that is as varied and unique as India. There are 17 major languages and 844 dialects used by the people of India. India is a tourists’ delight. The Taj Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri, The Qutab Minar and the Red Fort are a few of the many wonders which attract people from all over the world. Kashmir has been described as a paradise on earth. The country of mountains, valleys, deserts, rivers and lakes offer the richness of a mini world within a single country. Ooty, Nilgiris and the temples of South India, as also Kajuraho, Ajanta and Ellora caves are the places one can explore in India. 1. Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 The population of India is —. (i) about 115 million (ii) almost 11.5 million (iii) about 1.15 billion (iv) around 1.15 million In New Delhi about — people live. (i) 1.3 million (ii) 13 billion (iii) 1.3 billion (iv) 13 million There are — major languages used by the people of India. (i) 17 (ii) 27 (iii) 117 (iv) 127 The Europeans came to India in the — century. (i) 16 th (ii) 17 th (iii) 18 th (iv) 19 th The — century saw the unification of India under Ashoka. (i) fifth (ii) sixth (iii) seventh (iv) third India is the — country in the world. (i) seventh (ii) seventh largest (iii) fifth largest (iv) third largest India is the world’s — most populous country after China. (i) second (ii) third (iii) fifth (iv) seventh Extra Practices India is a land of —. (i) rivers (ii) mosques (iii) temples (iv) ancient civilization — is known as a paradise on earth. (i) Kashmir (ii) India (iii) New Delhi (iv) Nepal The people of India use — dialects. (i) 840 (ii) 480 (iii) 844 (iv) 804 2. Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a) How many people live in the capital of India? b) What is the area of India? c) When did India get its independence? d) How many languages and dialects are there in India? e) When did the Europeans come to India? Extra Practices 1. Name some wonders that attract people from all over the world. 2. When does the India history begin? 3. What does the fifth century see? 4. When did Islam come to India? 5. What do you know about India? Answer: 1.      a. (ii) 1199; b. (i) 300 square kilometers; c. (iii) Portuguese; d. (iii) the smallest Asian; e. (i) 5 metres; f. (ii) 1344; g. (iv) Arab historian and scholar; 2.      a. The Portuguese conquered the Maldives. The Maldives has 1199 islands and they are clustered into 26 major atolls. The Maldives is famous as a tourist destination. The area of the Maldives in 300 square kilometers. The government of the Maldives held a cabinet meeting underwater to highlight the threats of global warming to its low lying islands. An atoll is a ring-shaped coral reef or a string of closely spaced coral islands. Bangla Translation ভারত আমাদের ঘনিষ্ঠ প্রতিবেশী। দক্ষিণ এশিয়ার দেশগুলির মধ্যে এটি বৃহত্তম। প্রকৃতপক্ষে, ভারত বিশ্বের সপ্তম বৃহত্তম দেশ যার আয়তন ৩,২৮৭,৫৯০ বর্গকিলোমিটার। ভারত দক্ষিণে ভারত মহাসাগর, পশ্চিমে আরব সাগর এবং পূর্বে বঙ্গোপসাগর দ্বারা বেষ্টিত। পশ্চিমে পাকিস্তান; উত্তরে চীন, নেপাল এবং ভুটান; এবং পূর্বে বাংলাদেশ এবং মায়ানমার। চীনের পরে ভারত বিশ্বের দ্বিতীয় সর্বাধিক জনবহুল দেশ। ২০১০ সালে এর বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা প্রায় ১.১৫ বিলিয়ন। নয়াদিল্লি ভারতের রাজধানী এবং রাজধানীতে প্রায় ১ কোটি ৩০ লক্ষ মানুষ বাস করে। ভারত প্রাচীন সভ্যতার একটি ভূমি। এই বিশাল দেশের সামাজিক, অর্থনৈতিক এবং সাংস্কৃতিক কাঠামো আঞ্চলিক সম্প্রসারণের দীর্ঘ প্রক্রিয়ার ফসল। ভারতীয় ইতিহাস শুরু হয় সিন্ধু সভ্যতার জন্ম এবং আর্যদের আগমনের মাধ্যমে। এই সময়কালে বিশ্বের এই অংশে আর্য সংস্কৃতির বিকাশ ঘটে। পঞ্চম শতাব্দীতে অশোকের অধীনে ভারত একীভূত হয় এবং তার সময়েই এশিয়ার অনেক জায়গায় বৌদ্ধধর্ম ছড়িয়ে পড়ে। অষ্টম শতাব্দীতে, ইসলাম প্রথমবারের মতো ভারতে আসে এবং একাদশ শতাব্দীর মধ্যে এটি দৃঢ়ভাবে প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়। এর ফলে ১২০৬ সালে কুতুবুদ্দিন আইবেকের নেতৃত্বে দিল্লি সালতানাত গঠিত হয়। অবশেষে ১৫২৬ সালে মুঘল সাম্রাজ্যের স্থলাভিষিক্ত হন, যার অধীনে ভারত আবারও রাজনৈতিক ঐক্যের বিশাল পরিমাণ অর্জন করে। ১৭শ শতাব্দীতে ইউরোপীয়রা ভারতে আসে। এটি মুঘল সাম্রাজ্যের পতনের সাথে মিলে যায়, যা আঞ্চলিক রাজ্যগুলির পথ প্রশস্ত করে। আধিপত্যের প্রতিযোগিতায়, ইংরেজরা 'বিজয়ী' হিসেবে আবির্ভূত হয়। ১৭৭৪ সালে ইস্ট ইন্ডিয়া কোম্পানি ওয়ারেন হেস্টিংসকে ভারতের প্রথম গভর্নর জেনারেল নিযুক্ত করে। ১৮৭৬ সালে ব্রিটিশ পার্লামেন্ট রানী ভিক্টোরিয়াকে ভারতের সম্রাজ্ঞী উপাধি দেয় এবং ভারত সম্পূর্ণরূপে ব্রিটিশ শাসনের অধীনে আসে। তারা প্রায় দুইশ বছর ধরে ভারত শাসন করে। এই সময়কাল ভারতের স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামের দ্বারা চিহ্নিত ছিল। স্বাধীনতা পুনরুদ্ধারের জন্য ধারাবাহিক বীরত্বপূর্ণ এবং দেশপ্রেমিক আন্দোলনের মাধ্যমে, ১৯৪৭ সালে ভারত স্বাধীনতা লাভ করে। ভারতের সংস্কৃতি বিশ্বের প্রাচীনতম এবং অনন্য সংস্কৃতিগুলির মধ্যে একটি। ভারতে, দেশ জুড়ে আশ্চর্যজনক সাংস্কৃতিক বৈচিত্র্য রয়েছে। দক্ষিণ, উত্তর এবং উত্তর-পূর্বাঞ্চলের নিজস্ব স্বতন্ত্র সংস্কৃতি রয়েছে এবং প্রায় প্রতিটি রাজ্যই তাদের নিজস্ব সাংস্কৃতিক স্বাতন্ত্র্য তৈরি করেছে। ভারতের মতো বৈচিত্র্যময় এবং অনন্য সংস্কৃতি পৃথিবীতে খুব কমই আছে। ভারতের মানুষ ১৭টি প্রধান ভাষা এবং ৮৪৪টি উপভাষা ব্যবহার করে। ভারত পর্যটকদের কাছে আনন্দের। তাজমহল, ফতেহপুর সিক্রি, কুতুব মিনার এবং লাল কেল্লা হল এমন অনেক বিস্ময়ের মধ্যে কয়েকটি যা সারা বিশ্বের মানুষকে আকর্ষণ করে। কাশ্মীরকে পৃথিবীর স্বর্গ হিসাবে বর্ণনা করা হয়েছে। পাহাড়, উপত্যকা, মরুভূমি, নদী এবং হ্রদের দেশ একটি একক দেশের মধ্যে একটি ক্ষুদ্র বিশ্বের সমৃদ্ধি প্রদান করে। উটি, নীলগিরি এবং দক্ষিণ ভারতের মন্দিরগুলি, পাশাপাশি কাজুরাহো, অজন্তা এবং ইলোরা গুহাগুলি হল এমন স্থান যেখানে কেউ ভারতে ঘুরে দেখতে পারে। Ad Ad

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                The Republic of Maldives is an island country in the Indian Ocean. It has 1199 islands that are clustered into 26 major atolls. An atoll is a ring-shaped coral reef or a string of closely spaced coral islands. The natural coral reefs of Maldives surrounded by lagoons make each island stand out as a pearl in the Indian Ocean. The Maldives stand at eighth position amongst the smallest countries in the world with an area of 300 square kilometres only. It is also the smallest Asian country with respect to population and size. People have been living on the islands of the Maldives from as long as 3000 years ago. They set sail from different parts of the world- Asia, Arabia, Europe and the Americas- to come to these islands. The earliest settlers of the Maldives were probably from southern India and Sri Lanka who came to these islands in the fourth and fifth centuries BC. In the 12th century AD, sailors from East Africa and Arab countries came to the Maldives. As a result, the Maldivians who were originally Buddhists were converted to Sunni Islam in the mid-12th century. In 1344 Ibn Batuta, a famous Arab historian and scholar travelled around the Maldives. In the 16th century, the Portuguese conquered the Maldives and they ruled the country for 15 years. Although governed as an independent Islamic sultanate for most of its history from 1153 to 1968, the Maldives was a British colony from 1887 to 1965. Following independence from Britain in 1965, the sultanate continued to operate for another 3 years. On November 11, 1968, it was abolished and replaced by a republic and the country assumed its present name. The Maldives is famous as a tourist destination because of its enjoyable weather, heavenly beaches and lagoons, luxurious holiday resorts and the peace-loving people. Being an island country, it enjoys a pleasant weather throughout the year. The Maldives has been ranked as the best country brand for beach, rest and relaxation in 2008. In the same year, it was also ranked second as the best country brand for natural beauty. The Maldives is well known for being the lowest country in the world. Unfortunately, this small country with idyllic natural beauty is under threat from rising sea levels due to global warming. Most of the country is just 1.5 metres above sea level with a highest point of 2.3 metres! Many predictions have been made with respect to Maldives being swept away by the rising water level in the Indian Ocean. It was even seen during the tsunami of 2004, that many of the island’s dry parts were flooded by waters shrinking the island. The government of the Maldives has begun to purchase land from nearby countries in case the islands go under water! In order to highlight the threats of global warming to its low lying islands, the government of Maldives held a cabinet meeting underwater in 2009. That was the first ever cabinet meeting in the world that took place underwater. The meeting took place about 5 meter underwater, in a blue-green lagoon on a small island. While underwater, the cabinet signed a document calling on all nations to cut their carbon emissions. 1. Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 The Republic of Maldives has ¾ islands. (i) 1198 (ii) 1199 (iii) 1153 (iv) 26 The area of Maldives is almost ¾. (i) 300 square kilometers (ii) 300 square kilometers (iii) 3000 square kilometers (iv) 3000 square kilometers The Maldives was conquered by ¾. (i) American (ii) Arab (iii) Portuguese (iv) Canadian The Maldives is ¾ country with respect to its population and density. (i) the smallest (ii) the largest (iii) the smallest Asian (iv) the largest American The cabinet meeting took place about ¾ under water. (i) 5 metres (ii) 2.3 metres (iii) 4 metres (iv) 15 metres Ibn Batuta traveled around the Maldives in ¾. (i) 1344 (ii) 1413 (iii) 1431 (iv) 1443 Ibn Batuta was a famous ¾. (i) American scholar (ii) African traveler (iii) Asian historian (iv) Arab historian and scholar Extra Practices Maldives is the ¾ smallest country of the world. (i) 1 st (ii) 3 rd (iii) 5 th (iv) 8 th What does ‘Maldivian’ mean? (i) Citizen of the Maldives (ii) a coastal area of the Maldives (iii) the pearl of Indian Ocean (iv) A group of people who colonized the Maldives ‘Portuguese’ are the people of ¾. (i) Poland (ii) Portugal (iii) Netherlands (iv) the Maldives The Maldives are peace-loving people. Notice the underlined word. Which parts of speech is it? (i) noun (ii) adverb (iii) adjective (iv) preposition The Republic of Maldives has —— islands. (i) 1199 (ii) 26 (iii) 1344 (iv) 1153 The Maldives is the smallest Asian country with respect to ——. (i) size (ii) population (iii) population and size (iv) population and density The area is about ——. (i) 300 kms (ii) 300 square kms (iii) 300 kms (iv) 300 square kms The Maldives was conquered by ——. (i) The American (ii) The Arabian (iii) The Portuguese (iv) The Australian The government of Maldives held a cabinet meeting underwater in ——. (i) 2008 (ii) 2009 (iii) 2010 (iv) 2007 The Maldives is a —— country. (i) small (ii) large (iii) big (iv) enormous Most of the people of the Maldives are—-. (i) the Christians (ii) the Muslims (iii) the Hindu (iv) the Buddhist 2. Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a) Who conquered the Maldives? b) How many islands does the Maldives have? c) Why is the Maldives famous? d) What is the area of the Maldives? e) Why did the government of the Maldives hold a cabinet meeting underwater? Extra Practices 1. What is an atoll? 2. What is the Maldives well known for? 3. Why has the government of the Maldives begun to purchase land? 4. What did the cabinet sign while underwater? 5. Hoe many years did the Portuguese rule the country? Answer: 1.      a. (i) 65,600; b. (iii) 20 million; c. (i) agriculture; d. (i) Arab; e. (iii) 1340 kilometres; f. (i) a teardrop; g. (ii0 largest tea exporter; 2.      a. Pearl of the Indian Ocean, is one of the nicknames of Sri Lanka. Besides, Sri Lanka is the land of sulime beauty which located in the Indian Ocean. That’s why, Sri Lanka is known as ‘Pearl of the Indian Ocean’. Ayubowan means “May you have the gift of long life.” Everyone is welcomed to Sri Lanka with this traditional greeting. The total land of Sri Lanka is about 65,600 square kilometers. The four major ethnic groups are – Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Tamils, Indian Tamils and Sri Lankan Moors or Muslims. The population of Sri Lanka is about 20 million. Bangla Translation মালদ্বীপ প্রজাতন্ত্র ভারত মহাসাগরের একটি দ্বীপরাষ্ট্র। এর ১১৯৯টি দ্বীপ রয়েছে যা ২৬টি প্রধান প্রবালপ্রাচীরে বিভক্ত। প্রবালপ্রাচীর হল একটি বলয় আকৃতির প্রবাল প্রাচীর বা ঘনিষ্ঠভাবে দূরত্বে অবস্থিত প্রবাল দ্বীপের একটি সারি। উপহ্রদ দ্বারা বেষ্টিত মালদ্বীপের প্রাকৃতিক প্রবালপ্রাচীর প্রতিটি দ্বীপকে ভারত মহাসাগরের মুক্তার মতো আলাদা করে তুলেছে। মাত্র ৩০০ বর্গকিলোমিটার আয়তনের মালদ্বীপ বিশ্বের ক্ষুদ্রতম দেশগুলির মধ্যে অষ্টম স্থানে রয়েছে। জনসংখ্যা এবং আয়তনের দিক থেকে এটি এশিয়ার সবচেয়ে ছোট দেশ। ৩০০০ বছর আগে থেকে মানুষ মালদ্বীপের দ্বীপপুঞ্জে বসবাস করে আসছে। তারা বিশ্বের বিভিন্ন অংশ - এশিয়া, আরব, ইউরোপ এবং আমেরিকা - থেকে এই দ্বীপগুলিতে আসার জন্য যাত্রা করেছিল। মালদ্বীপের প্রথম দিকের বসতি স্থাপনকারীরা সম্ভবত দক্ষিণ ভারত এবং শ্রীলঙ্কা থেকে এসেছিলেন যারা খ্রিস্টপূর্ব চতুর্থ এবং পঞ্চম শতাব্দীতে এই দ্বীপগুলিতে এসেছিলেন। খ্রিস্টীয় দ্বাদশ শতাব্দীতে, পূর্ব আফ্রিকা এবং আরব দেশগুলি থেকে নাবিকরা মালদ্বীপে এসেছিলেন। ফলস্বরূপ, দ্বাদশ শতাব্দীর মাঝামাঝি সময়ে মালদ্বীপের অধিবাসীরা যারা মূলত বৌদ্ধ ছিলেন, তারা সুন্নি ইসলামে ধর্মান্তরিত হন। ১৩৪৪ সালে বিখ্যাত আরব ইতিহাসবিদ ও পণ্ডিত ইবনে বতুতা মালদ্বীপ ভ্রমণ করেন। ১৬ শতকে পর্তুগিজরা মালদ্বীপ জয় করে এবং তারা ১৫ বছর ধরে দেশ শাসন করে। ১১৫৩ থেকে ১৯৬৮ সাল পর্যন্ত ইতিহাসের বেশিরভাগ সময় স্বাধীন ইসলামী সুলতানি শাসন করলেও, ১৮৮৭ থেকে ১৯৬৫ সাল পর্যন্ত মালদ্বীপ ব্রিটিশ উপনিবেশ ছিল। ১৯৬৫ সালে ব্রিটেনের কাছ থেকে স্বাধীনতা লাভের পর, সুলতানি আরও ৩ বছর ধরে কাজ করে। ১৯৬৮ সালের ১১ নভেম্বর এটি বিলুপ্ত করে একটি প্রজাতন্ত্র দ্বারা প্রতিস্থাপিত হয় এবং দেশটি তার বর্তমান নাম ধারণ করে। মালদ্বীপ তার মনোরম আবহাওয়া, স্বর্গীয় সৈকত এবং উপহ্রদ, বিলাসবহুল ছুটির রিসোর্ট এবং শান্তিপ্রিয় জনগণের কারণে একটি পর্যটন কেন্দ্র হিসেবে বিখ্যাত। একটি দ্বীপরাষ্ট্র হওয়ায়, এটি সারা বছর ধরে মনোরম আবহাওয়া উপভোগ করে। ২০০৮ সালে সমুদ্র সৈকত, বিশ্রাম এবং বিনোদনের জন্য মালদ্বীপকে সেরা দেশের ব্র্যান্ড হিসেবে স্থান দেওয়া হয়েছে। একই বছর এটি প্রাকৃতিক সৌন্দর্যের জন্যও সেরা দেশের ব্র্যান্ড হিসেবে দ্বিতীয় স্থান অধিকার করে। মালদ্বীপ বিশ্বের সর্বনিম্ন দেশ হিসেবে সুপরিচিত। দুর্ভাগ্যবশত, মনোরম প্রাকৃতিক সৌন্দর্যের অধিকারী এই ছোট্ট দেশটি বিশ্ব উষ্ণায়নের কারণে সমুদ্রপৃষ্ঠের উচ্চতা বৃদ্ধির ঝুঁকিতে রয়েছে। দেশের বেশিরভাগ অংশ সমুদ্রপৃষ্ঠ থেকে মাত্র ১.৫ মিটার উঁচুতে অবস্থিত, যার সর্বোচ্চ বিন্দু ২.৩ মিটার! ভারত মহাসাগরে ক্রমবর্ধমান জলস্তরের কারণে মালদ্বীপ ভেসে যাওয়ার বিষয়ে অনেক ভবিষ্যদ্বাণী করা হয়েছে। এমনকি ২০০৪ সালের সুনামির সময়ও দেখা গিয়েছিল যে, দ্বীপের শুষ্ক অংশের অনেক অংশ দ্বীপটিকে সঙ্কুচিত করে পানিতে ডুবে গেছে। দ্বীপপুঞ্জগুলি পানির নিচে চলে গেলে মালদ্বীপ সরকার নিকটবর্তী দেশগুলি থেকে জমি কিনতে শুরু করেছে! মালদ্বীপের নিম্নভূমিতে বিশ্ব উষ্ণায়নের হুমকি তুলে ধরার জন্য, মালদ্বীপ সরকার ২০০৯ সালে পানির নিচে একটি মন্ত্রিসভার বৈঠক করে। এটি ছিল বিশ্বের প্রথম মন্ত্রিসভার বৈঠক যা পানির নিচে অনুষ্ঠিত হয়েছিল। একটি ছোট দ্বীপের নীল-সবুজ উপহ্রদে প্রায় ৫ মিটার পানির নিচে এই বৈঠকটি অনুষ্ঠিত হয়েছিল। পানির নিচে থাকাকালীন, মন্ত্রিসভা একটি নথিতে স্বাক্ষর করে যেখানে সমস্ত দেশকে তাদের কার্বন নিঃসরণ কমানোর আহ্বান জানানো হয়েছিল। Ad Ad

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                When someone comes to Sri Lanka, they may often hear the word Ayubowan. This word means ‘May you have the gift of long life’. It is with this traditional greeting that everyone is welcomed to Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka has many nicknames: Serendip, Ceylon, Teardrop of India, Pearl of the Indian Ocean, etc. These names reveal the richness and beauty of this island nation. Many travellers, from ancient mariners and merchants to modern astronauts, have been attracted by the beauty of this island. Sri Lanka is located in the Indian Ocean, just off the south-eastern coast of India. Shaped like a teardrop, the island of Sri Lanka measures about 415 kilometres from north to south, and about 220 kilometres from east to west, with a total land area of about 65,600 square kilometres. It has more than 1340 kilometres of coastline. Despite its modest size Sri Lanka has a population of about 20 million. Sri Lanka is a multi-religious, multi-racial and multi-lingual country. The four major ethnic groups are Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Tamils, Indian Tamils and Sri Lankan Moors or Muslims. A fifth group, the Veddhas are the original inhabitants of the island. The ancient history of Sri Lanka is depicted in the Hindu epic the Ramayana. But the most important work on Lankan origin is related in Mahavamsa or ‘The Great Chronicle’. Sri Lanka’s economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. The emphasis is on exporting crops such as tea, rubber, and coconuts. In fact, Sri Lanka is the largest tea exporter of the world. The country is also a major producer and supplier of a variety of spices such as cinnamon, cardamom, pepper, cloves, and nutmeg.  Cinnamon first originated in Sri Lanka and was introduced later to the world by the Arab merchants. Sri Lanka’s archaeological treasures reflect the civilizations of the past that covered the golden age of Greece, the Roman Empire, Mayan citadels, and Napoleonic greatness. The culture that followed those glorious pasts has been enriched by the more recent influences of Western colonizers and Eastern traders. That resulted in developing a unique mix of races and religions, arts and crafts, festivals and costumes available in this small country. Besides these man-made riches, one may find the God-given blessings of nature in Sri Lanka. The island is blessed with azure seas, sandy beaches, green hills, cascading waterfalls, abundant wildlife and a variety of flowers and fruits. The country abounds with coconut groves, spice gardens, tea estates and many other gardens and woods. Travellers from all over the world come to Sri Lanka. Here, a weary traveller can pass a gloriously lazy day by a palm-shaded lagoon looking at the endless ocean. And for the adventurous, days can be full of excitement, snorkeling, swimming, fishing or sailing. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 The total land area of Sri Lanka is about ¾ square kms. (i) 65,600                 (ii) 300                        (iii) 147,181                (iv) 3,287,590 The population of Sri Lanka is about ¾. (i) 20 lakh                (ii) 20 crore                  (iii) 20 million              (iv) 20 billion Traditionally economy of Sri Lanka is founded on ¾. (i) agriculture           (ii) industry                  (iii) fishing                   (iv) business Cinnamon was introduced later to the world by the ¾ merchants. (i) Arab                    (ii) Australian              (iii) Africa                   (iv) American The coastline area of Sri Lanka is ¾. (i) less than 1340 kilometres                        (ii) more than 1340 kilometres (iii) 1340 kilometres                                     (iv) 1340 square kilometres Sri Lanka’s shape is like ¾. (i) a teardrop            (ii) a jackfruit               (iii) an orange              (iv) a mango Sri Lanka is the ¾ of the globe. (i) largest tea importer                                  (ii) largest tea exporter (iii) tea importer                                           (iv) largest fish exporter Extra Practices What is ‘Ayubowan’? (i) a greeting expression                               (ii) a spice (iii) a way to say sorry                                 (iv) a region of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka is a multi-religious, multi-racial and multi-lingual country. What does the word ‘multi’ imply? (i) one                      (ii) many                      (iii) two                        (iv) less than two What is the verb form of ‘emphasis’? (i) emphasis             (ii) emphise                 (iii) emphasize             (iv) emphases The population of Sri Lanka is ——. (i) about 20 lakh      (ii) around 20 crore      (iii) almost 20 billion   (iv) about 20 million The total land area of Sri Lanka is ——. (i) about 65,600 square kms                         (ii) about 120 kms (iii) around 220 ms                                      (iv) almost 210 kms The coastline area of Sri Lanka is ——. (i) less than 1340 kms                                  (ii) more than 1340 kms (iii) 1340 kms                                              (iv) 1340 square kms Economy of Sri Lanka is based on ——. (i) agriculture           (ii) industry                  (iii) cottage industry     (iv) business Cinnamon was introduced later to the world by the —— merchants. (i) American            (ii) Australian               (iii) Arabian                 (iv) African Where is Srilanka located?                 (i) in the Indian Ocean                                 (ii) in the Bay of Bengal (iii) in the Arab sea                                      (iv) in the Pacific ocean What does the word Ayubowan mean? (i) May you be happy                                                                      (ii)  May you prosper in life (iii) May you have the gift of long life         (iv) May your soul live in peace 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What is ‘Pearl of the Indian Ocean’? b)         What do you mean by “Ayubowan”? c)         What is the total land of Sri Lanka? d)         What are the four major ethnic groups? e)         What is the population of Sri Lanka? Extra Practices 1.         Which country is the world’s largest tea exporter? 2.         What do the nicknames reveal? 3.         Where is Sri Lanka located? 4.         What sorts of spices does Sri Lanka produce and supply? 5.         What do you mean by ‘island nation’? 6.         What is meant by “Ayubowan”? 7.         What do you mean by “Pearl of the Indian Ocean”? 8.         What is the total land area of Sri Lanka? Answer: 1.      a. (i) 65,600; b. (iii) 20 million; c. (i) agriculture; d. (i) Arab; e. (iii) 1340 kilometres; f. (i) a teardrop; g. (ii0 largest tea exporter; 2.      a. Pearl of the Indian Ocean, is one of the nicknames of Sri Lanka. Besides, Sri Lanka is the land of sulime beauty which located in the Indian Ocean. That’s why, Sri Lanka is known as ‘Pearl of the Indian Ocean’. Ayubowan means “May you have the gift of long life.” Everyone is welcomed to Sri Lanka with this traditional greeting. The total land of Sri Lanka is about 65,600 square kilometers. The four major ethnic groups are – Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Tamils, Indian Tamils and Sri Lankan Moors or Muslims. The population of Sri Lanka is about 20 million. Bangla Translation যখন কেউ শ্রীলঙ্কায় আসেন, তখন তারা প্রায়শই "আয়ুবোয়ান" শব্দটি শুনতে পান। এই শব্দটির অর্থ "আপনার দীর্ঘজীবন হোক"। এই ঐতিহ্যবাহী অভিবাদনের মাধ্যমেই শ্রীলঙ্কায় সকলকে স্বাগত জানানো হয়। শ্রীলঙ্কার অনেক ডাকনাম রয়েছে: সেরেন্দিপ, সিংহল, ভারতের অশ্রুবিন্দু, ভারত মহাসাগরের মুক্তা ইত্যাদি। এই নামগুলি এই দ্বীপ জাতির ঐশ্বর্য এবং সৌন্দর্য প্রকাশ করে। প্রাচীন নাবিক এবং বণিক থেকে শুরু করে আধুনিক মহাকাশচারী পর্যন্ত অনেক ভ্রমণকারী এই দ্বীপের সৌন্দর্যে আকৃষ্ট হয়েছেন। শ্রীলঙ্কা ভারত মহাসাগরে অবস্থিত, ভারতের দক্ষিণ-পূর্ব উপকূলের ঠিক কাছে। অশ্রুবিন্দুর মতো আকৃতির, শ্রীলঙ্কা দ্বীপটি উত্তর থেকে দক্ষিণে প্রায় ৪১৫ কিলোমিটার এবং পূর্ব থেকে পশ্চিমে প্রায় ২২০ কিলোমিটার বিস্তৃত, যার মোট ভূমি আয়তন প্রায় ৬৫,৬০০ বর্গকিলোমিটার। এর ১৩৪০ কিলোমিটারেরও বেশি উপকূলরেখা রয়েছে। আয়তনের দিক থেকে ছোট হলেও শ্রীলঙ্কার জনসংখ্যা প্রায় ২ কোটি। শ্রীলঙ্কা একটি বহু-ধর্মীয়, বহু-জাতিগত এবং বহুভাষিক দেশ। চারটি প্রধান জাতিগোষ্ঠী হল সিংহলী, শ্রীলঙ্কান তামিল, ভারতীয় তামিল এবং শ্রীলঙ্কান মুর বা মুসলিম। পঞ্চম দল, বেদ্দারা হল দ্বীপের আদি বাসিন্দা। শ্রীলঙ্কার প্রাচীন ইতিহাস হিন্দু মহাকাব্য রামায়ণে চিত্রিত হয়েছে। তবে লঙ্কান উৎপত্তি সম্পর্কে সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ রচনা মহাবংশ বা 'দ্য গ্রেট ক্রনিকল'-এ বর্ণিত হয়েছে। শ্রীলঙ্কার অর্থনীতি ঐতিহ্যগতভাবে কৃষির উপর ভিত্তি করে। চা, রাবার এবং নারকেলের মতো ফসল রপ্তানির উপর জোর দেওয়া হয়। প্রকৃতপক্ষে, শ্রীলঙ্কা বিশ্বের বৃহত্তম চা রপ্তানিকারক। দেশটি দারুচিনি, এলাচ, গোলমরিচ, লবঙ্গ এবং জায়ফলের মতো বিভিন্ন ধরণের মশলার একটি প্রধান উৎপাদক এবং সরবরাহকারীও। দারুচিনির উৎপত্তি প্রথমে শ্রীলঙ্কায় হয়েছিল এবং পরে আরব বণিকদের দ্বারা বিশ্বের কাছে পরিচিত হয়েছিল। শ্রীলঙ্কার প্রত্নতাত্ত্বিক সম্পদ গ্রিসের স্বর্ণযুগ, রোমান সাম্রাজ্য, মায়ান দুর্গ এবং নেপোলিয়নের মহত্ত্বকে ঘিরে অতীতের সভ্যতাগুলিকে প্রতিফলিত করে। সেই গৌরবময় অতীতের পরে যে সংস্কৃতি তৈরি হয়েছিল তা পশ্চিমা উপনিবেশবাদী এবং পূর্ব ব্যবসায়ীদের সাম্প্রতিক প্রভাব দ্বারা সমৃদ্ধ হয়েছে। এর ফলে এই ছোট্ট দেশে জাতি ও ধর্ম, শিল্প ও কারুশিল্প, উৎসব এবং পোশাকের এক অনন্য মিশ্রণ তৈরি হয়েছে। এই মানবসৃষ্ট সম্পদের পাশাপাশি, শ্রীলঙ্কায় প্রকৃতির ঈশ্বরপ্রদত্ত আশীর্বাদ পাওয়া যেতে পারে। দ্বীপটি নীল সমুদ্র, বালুকাময় সৈকত, সবুজ পাহাড়, ঝর্ণাধারা, প্রচুর বন্যপ্রাণী এবং বিভিন্ন ধরণের ফুল ও ফলের সমৃদ্ধ। দেশটি নারকেলের বাগান, মশলা বাগান, চা বাগান এবং আরও অনেক বাগান এবং বনে পরিপূর্ণ। বিশ্বজুড়ে ভ্রমণকারীরা শ্রীলঙ্কায় আসেন। এখানে, একজন ক্লান্ত ভ্রমণকারী অন্তহীন সমুদ্রের দিকে তাকিয়ে একটি তালের ছায়াযুক্ত হ্রদের পাশ দিয়ে একটি গৌরবময় অলস দিন কাটাতে পারেন। এবং দুঃসাহসিকদের জন্য, দিনগুলি উত্তেজনা, স্নোরকেলিং, সাঁতার কাটা, মাছ ধরা বা নৌযান ভ্রমণে পূর্ণ হতে পারে। Ad Ad

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.          Known as the Land of Everest, Nepal is one of the most charming countries in Asia. It is also known as the only Hindu Kingdom in the world. The Kingdom of Nepal is a small land of sublime beauty. It has some of the world’s best and very important temples. It is a country that is rich in scenic luxury and cultural treasures. Nepal lies between India and the Tibetan part of China. This small country has an area of 147,181 square kilometers. Southern Nepal is tropical lowland known as the Tarai Plain. This part of Nepal has hot summers and warm winters. Here the temperatures reach up to 40°C in April and May and monsoon rains drench this region from June to September. The central hill-lands including the Kathmandu and Pokhara valleys have a temperate climate and are also influenced by the monsoon. North of that is the slope of the main section of the Himalayan range. This part of Nepal has some of the highest peaks of the world including Everest. Nepal is home to nearly 29,000,000 people. The population is primarily rural. Kathmandu, the capital city, has less than one million inhabitants. Nepal’s demographic features are complicated not only by dozens of ethnic groups, but by different castes. In total, there are 103 castes and ethnic groups living in this small country. The two largest of such groups are known as Chetri and Bahun. Others include Magar, Tharu and Tamang, Newar, Muslim, Gurung and Damai. About 48 percent of the people speak Nepali. Among other languages spoken are Maithali, Bhojpuri, Tharu and Tamang. Nepal is the holy land of Lord Pashupatinath and Gautam Buddha where the Hindus and Buddhists have lived together in harmony for centuries. The Temple of Pashupatinath is the most sacred Hindu shrine and one of the four most important cities in the world for Shiva worshippers. Lord Buddha, the light of Asia, was born in Lumbini in Nepal’s southern plains, which makes this a scared pilgrimage destination for the Buddhists as well. In fact, many Nepalese combine Hindu and Buddhist practices; many temples and shrines are shared between the two faiths, and some deities are worshipped by both Hindus and Buddhists. The Kathmandu Valley is the rich cultural heritage centre of Nepal. The three ancient cities of the Valley- Patan, Kathmandu and Bhaktapur- represent an epitome of harmony in urban design, elegant architecture and refined culture. These cities are famous for religious monuments unequalled in the world. The seven monument zones situated within the Valley have been named as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Adding dazzling colour to Nepal’s vibrant culture are the many festivals that are celebrated throughout the year. Dasain or Dusherra is celebrated nationwide in October. This is the most important of all Nepalese celebrations and includes the biggest animal sacrifice of the year. Tihar is celebrated in November. Other festivals include the Holi and Chaitra Daisan. Some Hindu festivals are the Haribodhini Ekadashi, Maha Shivaratri And the Krishna Jayanti. There are Buddhist celebrations too and those include Mani Rimd, Buddha Jayanti and Losar which marks the Tibetan New Year. 1.         Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 Nepal is known as the only ¾ kingdom in the world. (i) Muslim                (ii) Buddhist                (iii) Christian               (iv) Hindu The area of Nepal is ¾. (i) 147,181 kilometres                                  (ii) 147,187 kilometres (iii) 147,181 square kilometers                    (iv) 147,071 square kilometers Nepal has some of the world’s best and very important ¾. (i) temple                (ii) mosques                 (iii) pagodas                 (iv) churches 1.         People of Nepal celebrate Tihar in ¾. (i) September           (ii) November              (iii) December             (iv) October The population of Nepal is nearly ¾. (i) 2 crore 90 lakh    (ii) 2 crore 9 lakh         (iii) 29 crore 9 lakh      (iv) 29 crore 90 lakh Nepal is situated in which continent? (i) Australia              (ii) Asia                       (iii) Africa                   (iv) South America Kathmandu has less than one million inhabitants. Notice the underlined words. What does it indicate? (i) 1 000 000            (i) 1000                        (iii) 10 0000                 (iv) 1 000 0000 Extra Practices Which of the following is a World Heritage Site of Nepal? (i) Tarai Plain                                               (ii) Chetri and Bahun (iii) The seven monument zones                  (iv) Mount Everest The people of Nepal are called ¾. (i) Nepalians            (ii) Nepolese                (iii) Nepalese               (iv) Nepali Adding dazzling colour to Nepal’s vibrant culture are the many festivals that are celebrated throughout the year. Notice the underlined word. Which parts of speech is it? (i) verb                     (ii) adjective                (iii) adverb                   (iv) noun Nepal is one of the charming countries in ——. (i) Asia                     (ii) Europe                (iii) Africa                      (iv) Australia Nepal is known as the only —— Kingdom in the world.                 (i) Muslim                (ii) Buddhist             (iii) Christian                  (iv) Hindu Nepal has some of the world’s best and very important ——. (i) temples                (ii) mosques                 (ii) pagodas                  (iv) churches The kingdom of Nepal is a ——. (i) large land            (ii) small land              (iii) very big land         (iv) very small land The area of Nepal is ——. (i) 147,181 Kilometers                                 (ii) 147,181 square kms (iii) 147,187 kms                                         (iv) 147,781 square kms Which is one of the charming countries in Asia?                 (i) Nepal                  (ii) Bhutan                   (iii) Russia                   (iv) America Which country is also known as the only Hindu kingdom in the world? (i) Bhutan                (ii) Nepal                     (iii) Bangladesh           (iv) Brazil 2.         Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         What’s the area of Nepal? b)         How many castes and ethnic groups are there in Nepal? c)         What are the names of two largest ethnic groups? d)         Which country is known as the only Hindu Kingdom in the world? e)         What are the three ancient cities of the Kathmandu Valley?   Extra Practices 1.         What do you know about Nepal? 2.         Where is Nepal situated? 3.         What is the population of Kathmandu? 4.         What is the Kathmandu Valley? 5.         When do people celebrate dasain or dusherra? Answer: 1.      a. (iv) Hindu; b. (iii) 147,181 square kilometres; c. (i) temples; d. (ii) November; e. (i) 2 crore 90 lakh; f. (ii) Asia; g. (i) 1 000 000; 2.      a. The area of Nepal is 147, 181 square kilometers. There are 103 castes and ethnic groups in Nepal. The name of two largest ethnic groups are Chetri and Bahun. Nepal is known as the only Hundu Kingdom in the world. The three ancient cities of the Kathmandu Valley are Patan, Kathmandu and Bhaktapur. Nepal is the land of Everest. It is one of the charming countries in Asia. It is also known as the only Hindu Kingdom in the world. Bangla Translation এভারেস্টের ভূমি হিসেবে পরিচিত নেপাল এশিয়ার সবচেয়ে মনোমুগ্ধকর দেশগুলির মধ্যে একটি। এটি বিশ্বের একমাত্র হিন্দু রাজ্য হিসেবেও পরিচিত। নেপাল রাজ্য একটি ক্ষুদ্র, অতুলনীয় সৌন্দর্যের ভূমি। এখানে বিশ্বের সেরা এবং অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ মন্দির রয়েছে। এটি এমন একটি দেশ যা প্রাকৃতিক বিলাসিতা এবং সাংস্কৃতিক সম্পদে সমৃদ্ধ। নেপাল ভারত এবং চীনের তিব্বত অংশের মধ্যে অবস্থিত। এই ছোট দেশটির আয়তন ১৪৭,১৮১ বর্গকিলোমিটার। দক্ষিণ নেপাল হল গ্রীষ্মমন্ডলীয় নিম্নভূমি যা তরাই সমভূমি নামে পরিচিত। নেপালের এই অংশে গ্রীষ্মকাল গরম এবং শীতকাল উষ্ণ থাকে। এপ্রিল এবং মে মাসে এখানে তাপমাত্রা ৪০ ডিগ্রি সেলসিয়াস পর্যন্ত পৌঁছায় এবং জুন থেকে সেপ্টেম্বর পর্যন্ত মৌসুমি বৃষ্টিপাত এই অঞ্চলকে ভিজিয়ে রাখে। কাঠমান্ডু এবং পোখরা উপত্যকা সহ কেন্দ্রীয় পাহাড়ি অঞ্চলগুলিতে একটি নাতিশীতোষ্ণ জলবায়ু থাকে এবং বর্ষা দ্বারাও প্রভাবিত হয়। এর উত্তরে হিমালয় পর্বতমালার মূল অংশের ঢাল। নেপালের এই অংশে এভারেস্ট সহ বিশ্বের কিছু সর্বোচ্চ শৃঙ্গ রয়েছে। নেপালে প্রায় ২৯,০০০,০০০ লোকের বাস। জনসংখ্যা মূলত গ্রামীণ। রাজধানী কাঠমান্ডুতে দশ লক্ষেরও কম লোক বাস করে। নেপালের জনসংখ্যাগত বৈশিষ্ট্য কেবল কয়েক ডজন জাতিগত গোষ্ঠীর দ্বারা নয়, বিভিন্ন বর্ণের দ্বারাও জটিল। মোট, এই ছোট দেশে ১০৩টি জাতি এবং জাতিগত গোষ্ঠী বাস করে। এই ধরণের দুটি বৃহত্তম গোষ্ঠী ছেত্রী এবং বাহুন নামে পরিচিত। অন্যদের মধ্যে রয়েছে মাগার, থারু এবং তামাং, নেওয়ার, মুসলিম, গুরুং এবং দামাই। প্রায় ৪৮ শতাংশ মানুষ নেপালি ভাষায় কথা বলে। অন্যান্য ভাষাগুলির মধ্যে রয়েছে মৈথালি, ভোজপুরি, থারু এবং তামাং। নেপাল হল ভগবান পশুপতিনাথ এবং গৌতম বুদ্ধের পবিত্র ভূমি যেখানে হিন্দু এবং বৌদ্ধরা শতাব্দী ধরে সম্প্রীতির সাথে একসাথে বসবাস করে আসছে। পশুপতিনাথের মন্দির হল সবচেয়ে পবিত্র হিন্দু মন্দির এবং শিব উপাসকদের জন্য বিশ্বের চারটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ শহরের মধ্যে একটি। এশিয়ার আলো, ভগবান বুদ্ধ, নেপালের দক্ষিণ সমভূমির লুম্বিনিতে জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন, যা এটিকে বৌদ্ধদের জন্যও একটি ভয়ঙ্কর তীর্থস্থান করে তোলে। প্রকৃতপক্ষে, অনেক নেপালি হিন্দু এবং বৌদ্ধ রীতিনীতিগুলিকে একত্রিত করে; দুই ধর্মের মধ্যে অনেক মন্দির এবং মঠ রয়েছে এবং হিন্দু ও বৌদ্ধ উভয় ধর্মের লোকেরাই কিছু দেবতাকে পূজা করে। কাঠমান্ডু উপত্যকা নেপালের সমৃদ্ধ সাংস্কৃতিক ঐতিহ্য কেন্দ্র। উপত্যকার তিনটি প্রাচীন শহর - পাটন, কাঠমান্ডু এবং ভক্তপুর - নগর নকশা, মার্জিত স্থাপত্য এবং পরিশীলিত সংস্কৃতিতে সম্প্রীতির প্রতীক। এই শহরগুলি বিশ্বে অতুলনীয় ধর্মীয় স্মৃতিস্তম্ভের জন্য বিখ্যাত। উপত্যকার মধ্যে অবস্থিত সাতটি স্মৃতিস্তম্ভ অঞ্চলকে ইউনেস্কো বিশ্ব ঐতিহ্যবাহী স্থান হিসেবে নামকরণ করেছে। নেপালের প্রাণবন্ত সংস্কৃতিতে উজ্জ্বল রঙ যোগ করার মাধ্যমে সারা বছর ধরে পালিত হয় এমন অনেক উৎসব। দশাইন বা দশেরা অক্টোবর মাসে দেশব্যাপী পালিত হয়। এটি সমস্ত নেপালি উৎসবের মধ্যে সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ এবং বছরের বৃহত্তম পশু বলিদান অন্তর্ভুক্ত। তিহার নভেম্বরে পালিত হয়। অন্যান্য উৎসবের মধ্যে রয়েছে হোলি এবং চৈত্র দৈসন। কিছু হিন্দু উৎসব হল হরিবোধিনী একাদশী, মহা শিবরাত্রি এবং কৃষ্ণ জয়ন্তী। বৌদ্ধ উৎসবও রয়েছে এবং এর মধ্যে রয়েছে মণি রিমদ, বুদ্ধ জয়ন্তী এবং লোসার যা তিব্বতি নববর্ষকে চিহ্নিত করে। Ad Ad

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                 Fish population is in serious danger from global warming. Climate change is increasing the water temperature in rivers, lakes and seas. This means there is less food and oxygen available for fish. It also means the fish may not grow fully and may have fewer offspring. Some fishes will become extinct if temperatures rise even by one or two degrees. Climate change increases the pressure on fish population. Fishes are one of the world’s most valuable biological assets. Forty percent of people in the world eat fish as their main source of protein. If we fail to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, we will increase the pressures on fish. As a result, people who depend on fish will suffer from hunger and poverty. 1.Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 a)         People ----- on fish will suffer from hunger and poverty. (i) depend                (ii) dependent              (iii) depending             (iv) depends b)         Climate change is responsible for the pressure on -----. (i) fish population    (ii) animals                  (iii) plants                    (iv) trees c)         Fishes are the ----- sources of protein. (i) petty                    (ii) vital                        (iii) insignificant          (iv) minor d)         ----- causes great harm to fish population. (i) Population explosion                               (ii) Global warming (iii) Boatman                                               (iv) Fisherman e)         ----- are one of the world’s most valuable biological assets. (i) Frogs                   (ii) Snakes                   (iii) Fishes                    (iv) Beasts f)          ----- is in great problems due to climate change. (i) Population           (ii) Fish                        (iii) Fish population     (iv) Plant g)         Climate change increases the temperature of -----. (i) soil                      (ii) air                          (iii) water                     (iv) human being   Extra Practices h)         Fish may have fewer offspring. Here “offspring” means -----. (i) the young of an animal                            (ii) spring which is not used (iii) spring that is off                                                                        (iv) facilities i)          Many people take fish as the main source of -----. (i) protein                 (ii) vitamin                   (iii) carbohydrate         (iv) Mineral j)          Some fishes will become extinct. Here “extinct” means -----. (i) no longer in existence                              (ii) happy (iii) exist                                                      (iv) benefited k)         —— people in the world eat fish as their main source of protein. (i)     40%                 (ii)    14%                     (iii)   42%                     (iv)   24% l)          —— causes great harm to fish population. (i)     population explosion                           (ii)    global warming (c)    Fisherman                (d)                        Boatman m)        Climate change is responsible for the pressure on ——. (i)     fish population (ii)    animals                (iii)   plants                   (iv)   trees n)         —— are one of the world’s most valuable biological assets. a.         (i)     Beefs               (ii)    Frogs                    (iii)   Snakes                 (iv)   Fishes o)         People who depend on fish will suffer from ——. (i)     fever                (ii)    gastritis                (iii)   hunger and poverty      (iv) protein p.         What is in serious danger from global warming?                 (i)     fish population (ii)    human being        (iii)   animal                  (iv)   trees q.         What is increasing water temperature?                 (i)     weather change (ii)    climate change     (ii)    wind change        (iv)   deforestation     2.Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 a)         Why is the fish population in danger? b)         What will happen to them who depend on fish? c)         Why will some fishes become extinct? d)         What are one of the world’s most valuable biological assets? e)         What percent of people in the globe take fish as their main source of protein? Extra Practices 1.         What is climate change increasing? 2.         What does climate change increase the pressure on? 3.         What sill happen if we fail to reduce greenhouse gas emissions? 4.         What is in serious danger? 5.         Why do people in the world eat fish? Answer: 1.      a. (iii) depending; b. (i) fish population; c. (ii) vital; d. (ii) Global warming; e. (iii) Fishes; f. (iii) Fish population; g. (iii) water 2.      a. Fish population is in great danger as climate change is increasing the water temperature.       Those who depend o fish will suffer from hunger and poverty. Some fishes will become extinct if temperatures rise even by one or two degrees. Fishes are one of the world’s most valuable biological assets. Forty per cent of people in the globe take fish as their main source of protein. Climate change is increasing the water temperature in rivers, lakes and seas. Bangla Translation বিশ্ব উষ্ণায়নের ফলে মাছের সংখ্যা মারাত্মক হুমকির মুখে। জলবায়ু পরিবর্তনের ফলে নদী, হ্রদ এবং সমুদ্রের পানির তাপমাত্রা বৃদ্ধি পাচ্ছে। এর অর্থ হল মাছের জন্য খাদ্য এবং অক্সিজেনের পরিমাণ কম। এর অর্থ হল মাছ সম্পূর্ণরূপে বৃদ্ধি নাও পেতে পারে এবং কম বংশধরও হতে পারে। তাপমাত্রা এক বা দুই ডিগ্রি বৃদ্ধি পেলে কিছু মাছ বিলুপ্ত হয়ে যাবে। জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন মাছের সংখ্যার উপর চাপ বৃদ্ধি করে। মাছ বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে মূল্যবান জৈবিক সম্পদগুলির মধ্যে একটি। বিশ্বের চল্লিশ শতাংশ মানুষ প্রোটিনের প্রধান উৎস হিসেবে মাছ খায়। যদি আমরা গ্রিনহাউস গ্যাস নির্গমন কমাতে ব্যর্থ হই, তাহলে আমরা মাছের উপর চাপ বৃদ্ধি করব। ফলস্বরূপ, মাছের উপর নির্ভরশীল লোকেরা ক্ষুধা ও দারিদ্র্যের শিকার হবে। Ad Ad