english for job preparation, english for bcs preparation, english for competitive tests BCS ,JOBS Previous Questions BCS PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 10TH TO 41ST BCS ENGLISH QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 41st BCS English questions solution 1। ‘Shylock’ is a character in the play- (ক) Twelfth Night (খ) The Merchant of Venice (গ) Romeo and Juliet (ঘ) Measure for Measure উত্তর: (খ) The Merchant of Venice 2 ‘Vanity Fair’ is a novel written by- (ক) D. H. Lawrence (খ) William Makepeace Thackeray (গ) Joseph Conrad (ঘ) Virginia Woolf উত্তর: (খ) William Makepeace Thackeray 3. ‘Pip’ is the protagonist in Charles Dickens’ novel- (ক) A Christmas Carol (খ) A Tale of Two Cities (গ) Oliver Twist (ঘ) Great Expectations উত্তর: (ঘ) Great Expectations 4.‘Lady Chatterley’s Lover’ was written by the author of – (ক) Lord Jim (খ) The Rainbow (গ) Ulysses (ঘ) A Passage to India উত্তর: (খ) The Rainbow 5. Identify the word that can be used as both singular and plural: (ক) wood (খ) issue (গ) fish (ঘ) light উত্তর: (গ) fish 6.Find out the correct passive form of the sentence ‘Who taught you French? (ক)By whom you were taught French? (খ) By whom French was taught you? (গ) French was taught you by whom? (ঘ) By whom were you taught French? উত্তর: (ঘ) By whom were you taught French? 7.The old man was tired of walking.’ Here ‘walking is a/an- (ক) present participle (খ) adjective (গ) common noun (ঘ) gerund উত্তর: (ঘ) gerund 8.Which one is a correct sentence? (ক) The doctor found my pulse. (খ) The doctor took my pulse. (গ) The doctor examined my pulse. (ঘ) The doctor saw my pulse. উত্তর: (খ) The doctor took my pulse. 9. ‘I will not let you go.’ In this sentence ‘go’ is a/an- (ক) infinitive (খ) gerund (গ) participle (ঘ) verbal noun উত্তর: (ক) infinitive 10.When Ushashi entered ——the room everybody stopped talking. (ক) into (খ) in (গ) to (ঘ) no preposition required উত্তর: (ঘ) no preposition required 11.The play The Birthday Party is written by- (ক) Samuel Beckett (খ) Henry Livings (গ) Harold Pinter (ঘ) Arthur Miller উত্তর: (গ) Harold Pinter 12.Who is the author of the first scientific romance The Time Machine? (ক) H. G. Wells (খ) Samuel Butler (গ) Henry James (ঘ) George Moore উত্তর: (ক) H. G. Wells 13.‘Call me if you have any problems regarding your work. Here ‘regarding’ is a/an- (ক) gerund (খ) apposition (গ) preposition (ঘ) conjunction উত্তর: (গ) preposition 14.Seleet the correct comparative form of the sentence- “A string of pearls was not so bright as her teeth”. (ক) Her teeth was more brighter than a string of pearls. (খ) Her teeth were brighter than a string of pearls. (গ) A string of pearls was brighter than her teeth. (ঘ) A string of pearls were very bright than her teeth. উত্তর: (খ) Her teeth were brighter than a string of pearls. 15.”Come on, it’s time to go home. Here ‘home’ is a/an- (ক) noun (খ ) verb (গ) adjective (ঘ) adverb উত্তর: (ঘ) adverb 16. ‘Huffing and puffing, we arrived at the classroom door with only seven seconds to spare. In this sentence the verb ‘arrived’ is- (ক) intransitive (খ) transitive (গ) causative (ঘ) defective উত্তর: (ক) intransitive 17.Which one of the following is a common gender? (ক) king (খ) sovereign (গ) emperor (ঘ) queen উত্তর: (খ) sovereign 18.To win a prize is my ambition. The underlined part of the Sentence is a/an- (ক) adjective phrase (খ) noun phrase (গ) adverb phrase (ঘ) conjunctional phrase উত্তর: (খ) noun phrase 19.Choose the word opposite in meaning to ‘terse: (ক) concise (খ) detailed (গ)expressive (ঘ) descriptive উত্তর: (খ) detailed Exp: ‘Terse’ means abruptly or brusquely short. The correct antonym is ‘detailed’ which means complete and thorough. 20”Who’s that? In this sentence that is a/an- (ক) pronoun (খ) conjunction (গ) adjective (ঘ) adverb উত্তর: (ক) pronoun 21.What is the noun form of the word ‘know’? (ক) knowing (খ) knowledge (গ) knowledgeable (ঘ) known উত্তর: (খ) knowledge 22.‘Why, then, ’tis none to you, for there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it s ’. This extract is taken from the drama – (ক) King Lear (খ) Macbeth (গ) As You Like It (ঘ) Hamlet উত্তর: (ঘ) Hamlet 23.”Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive to seek, to find, and not to yield’ is taken from the poem written by – (ক) Robert Browning (খ) Matthew Arnold (গ) Alfred Tennyson (ঘ) Lord Byron উত্তর: (গ) Alfred Tennyson 24.”Give somebody a piece of your mind’ means to- (ক) tell someone that you are very angry with them. (খ) say exactly what you feel or think. (গ) return or to help somebody return to a normal situation. (ঘ) give somebody mental peace. উত্তর: (ক) tell someone that you are very angry with them. 25. ‘I shall help you provided you obey me. Here the underlined word is a/an- (ক) adverb (খ) adjective (গ) conjunction (ঘ) verb উত্তর: (গ) conjunction 26.Identify the correct spelling: (ক) questionaire (খ) questionoir (গ) questionnaire (ঘ) questionair উত্তর: (গ) questionnaire 27.Which ‘but’ is a preposition? (ক) It is but right to admit our faults. (খ) What can we do but sit and wait? (গ) We tried hard, but did not succeed. (ঘ) There is no one but likes him. উত্তর: (খ) What can we do but sit and wait? 28.Who is not a romantic poet? (ক) P. B. Shelley (খ) S.T. Coleridge (গ) John Keats (ঘ) T. S. Eliot উত্তর: (ঘ) T. S. Eliot 29.In Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, Hamlet was prince of – (ক) Norway (খ) Britain (গ) Denmark (ঘ) France উত্তর: (গ) Denmark 30.Adela Quested and Mrs. Moore are characters from the novel – (ক) David Copperfield (খ) The Return of the Native (গ) A Passage to India (ঘ) Adam Bede উত্তর: (গ) A Passage to India 31.Time held me green and dying, Though I sang in my chains like the sea. These lines have been quoted from Dylan Thomas’ poem – (ক) The Flower (খ) Fem Hill (গ) By Fire (ঘ) After the Funeral উত্তর: (খ) Fem Hill 32.One whose attitude is ‘eat, drink and be merry is- (ক) materialistic (খ) epicurean (গ) cynic (ঘ) stoic উত্তর: (খ) epicurean 33.’Was this the face that launch’d a thousand ships. And burnt the topless towers of Ilium? Who speaks the famous lines? (ক) Caesar (খ) Antony (গ) Faustus (ঘ) Romeo উত্তর: (গ) Faustus 34.The Character ‘Alfred Doolittle’ is taken from Shaw’s play titled- (ক) Pygmalion (খ) Man and Superman (গ) The Doctor’s Dilemma (ঘ) Mrs. Warren’s Profession উত্তর: (ক) Pygmalion 35.The poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ is written by- (ক) W. B. Yeats (খ) T. S. Eliot (গ) Walter Scott (ঘ) Robert Browning উত্তর: (খ) T. S. Eliot 40th BCS English questions solution 1. Please write to me at the above address. The word 'above' in this sentence is a/an- A. Noun B. Adjective C. Pronoun D. Adverb Ans: B 2. In which sentence is the word ‘past’ used as preposition? A. Writing letters is a thing of the past. B. I look back on the past without regret. C. I called out to him as he ran past. D. Tania was a wonderful singer, but she's past her prime. Ans: D 3. The word ‘sibling’ means- A. a brother B. a sister C. A brother or sister D. An infant Ans: C 4. As she was talking, he suddenly broke- saying, That's a lie! A. Off B. In C. Down D. Into Ans: B 5. You may go for a walk if you feel- it. A. About B. On C. Like D. For Ans: C 6. Identify the word which is spelt incorrectly: A. Consciencious B. Perseverance C. Convalescence D. Maintenance Ans: A 7. ‘You look terrific in that dress’ The word ‘terrific’ in the above sentence means- A. excellent B. funny C. very ugly D. horrible Ans: A 8. Someone who is capricious is- A. easily irritated B. wise and willing to cooperate C. exceedingly conceited and arrogant D. know for sudden changes in attitude or behaviour Ans: D 9. Which one of the following words is masculine? A. mare B. Lad C. Pillow D. Pony Ans: B 10. A man whose wife has died is called a - A. Window B. Widower C. Spinster D. Bachelor Ans: B 11. Which word is similar to ‘ appal’? A. deceive B. confuse C. dismay D. solicit Ans: C 12. Which Word means the opposite of ‘ dearth’? A. lack B. abundance C. poverty D. shortage Ans: B 13. Identify the word which remains the same in its plural form: A. aircraft B. intention C. mouse D. thesis Ans: A 14. Identify the determiner in the following sentence: ‘I have no news for you.' A. have B. news C. no D. for Ans: C 15. A lost opportunity never returns. Here lost is a - A. gerund B. verbal noun C. gerund infinitive D. participle Ans: D 16. The saying‘ enough is enough’ is used when you want- A. something to continue B. something to stop C. something to continue until it's enough D. to tell instructions are clear Ans: B 17. ‘He ran with great speed’. The underlined part of the sentence is a- A. noun phrase B. adverb phrase C. adjective phrase D. participle phrase Ans: B 18. We must not be late, else we will miss the train. This is a- A. compound sentence B. complex sentence C. simple sentence D. interrogative sentence Ans: A 19. Change the voice: Who is calling me? A. By whom an I called? B. By whom I am called? C. By whom am I being called? D. Whom am I called? Ans: C 20. An extra message added at the end of a letter after it is signed is called- A. corrigendum B. postscript C. NB D. RSVP Ans: B 21. The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope is a/an - A. epic B. ballad C. mock-heroic poem D. elegy Ans: C 22. Which of the following is not an American poet? A. Robert Frost B. W.B Yeats C. Emily Dickinson D. Langston Hughes Ans: B 23. William Shakespeare was born in- A. 1616 B. 1664 C. 1564 D. 1493 Ans: C 24. Tennyson ‘In Memoriam’ is an elegy on the death of - A. John Milton B. John Keats C. Arthur Henry Hallam D. Sydney Smith Ans: C 25. ‘Sweet Helen’ make me immortal with a kiss.' The sentence has been taken from the play- A. Romeo and Juliet B. Caesar and Cleopatra C. Doctor Faustus D. Antony and Cleopatra Ans: C 26. ‘What's in name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet’_ A. Juliet B. Romeo C. Portia D. Rosalind Ans: A 27. ‘Man's love is of man's life a thing apart, Tis women's whole existence.'_ This is taken from the poem of_ A. P.B. Shelley B. Lord Byron C. John Keats D. Edmund Spenser Ans: B 28. Who translated the ‘Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam’ into English? A. Thomas Carlyle B. Edward Fitzgerald C. D.G. Rossetti D. William Thackeray Ans: B 29. ‘Ulysses’ is a novel written by_ A. Joseph Conrad B. Thomas Hardy C. Charles Dickens D. James Joyce Ans: D 30. The short story ‘The Diamond Necklace’ was written by_ A. Guy Dr Maupassant B. O Henry C. Somerset Maugham D. George Orwell Ans: A 31. ‘All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand’_Who said this? A. Macbeth B. Lady Macbeth C. Lady Macduff D. Macduff Ans: B 32. ‘Where are the songs of spring? Aye, where are they? Think not of them, thou hast thy music too.’_ Who wrote this? A. William Shakespeare B. Robert Browning C. John Keats D. Samuel Coleridge Ans: C 33. Who is the central character of ‘Wuthering Heights’ by Emily Bronte? A. Mr. Earnshaw B. Catherine C. Heathcliff D. Hindley Earnshaw Ans: C 34. ‘The old order changeth, yielding place to new.’_ This line is extracted from Tennyson's poem_ A. The Lotos-Eaters B. Tithonus C. Locksley Hall D. Morte d' Arthur Ans: D 35. Who wrote the poem ‘The Good-Morrow’? A. George Herbert B. Andrew Marvell C. John Donne D. Henry Vaughan Ans: C 39th BCS English questions solution 1. A person who believes that law and governments are not necessary is known as – A. a militant B. an anarchist C. a terrorist D. an extremist Ans: B 2. He went to —-hospital because he had……heart attack. A. no article, an B. the, no article C. a, an D. no article, a Ans: D 3. Complete the sentence- Had I known you were waiting outside, I….. A. had invited you to come in B. would invite you to come in C. would be inviting you to come in D. would have invited you to come in Ans: D 4. Cricket is a kind of game and also a name of – A. insect B. food C. bird D. flower Ans: A 5. When we want to mean a government by richest class we use the term– A. Oligarchy B. Plutocracy C. Cryptocracy D. Aristocracy Answer: B 6. Hospitals …. the sick. A. Operate B. treat C. admit D. nurse Ans: B 7. The Warning of the authority falls on deaf ears – Here Warning does the function of_ A. adverb B. adjective C. verb D. Noun Ans: D 8. The word ‘Culinary’ is related to– A. printing B. cooking C. dress D. musical instruments Ans: B 9. Identify the correct Passive voice of the sentence below: Do you know them? A. Are they known by you? B. Would they be known by you? C. Are they known with you? D. Are they known to you? Ans: D 10. Panacea means – A. cure all B. pancreatic C. widespread D. gland Ans: A 11. What is the plural number of ‘ovum’? A. ovams B. ovumes C. ovumes D. ova Ans: D 12. কোন শব্দযুগলটি ভিন্ন? A. False, True B. Sharp, Blunt C. Love, Affection D. Abundance, Scarcity Ans: C 13. ‘A Christmas Carol’ is a _ by Charles Dickens. A. Ballad B. Sketch story C. Historical novel D. Short novel Ans: D 14. ‘There was a small reception following the wedding’. The word ‘following’ in the sentence above is a/an – A. Preposition B. adjective C. Adverb D. Noun Ans: A 15. Which of the following words has been formed with a prefix? A. Amoral B. authentic C. amnesia D. aspersions Ans: A [ Amoral- lacking a moral sense; unconcerned with the rightness or wrongness of something] 16. লেফটেন্যান্ট এর সঠিক বানান কোনটি? A. Lieaftenant B. Lieaftenant C. Leiftenant D. Lieutenant Ans: D 17. ‘To be, or not to be that is the quotation’_ is a famous soliloquy from_ A. Macbeth B. King Lear C. Othello D. Hamlet Ans: D 18. ‘Geriatrics’ is the branch of medicine concerned with the diseases and care of – A. Newly-weds B. Old women C. Newborn babies D. Old People Ans: D 18. নিচের উপমা টি পূর্ণকারী কোনটি? Finger: Hand: Leaf: A. Flower B. Twig C. Tree D. Branch Ans: B 19. Love for the whole world is called – A. Philanthropy B. Misogyny C. benevolence D. Misanthropy Ans: A 20. Select the word with right spelling – A. Schizophrenia B. Seizophrania C. Scizophrenia D. Schizophrania Ans: A 21. A soporific speech is likely to – A. be incomprehensible B. appeal primarily to emotions C. Put one to sleep D. stimulation action Ans: C 22. The word ‘Florid’ indicates. A. flour B. foliage C. floor D. flower Ans: D 38th BCS English Question 01. Who is the author of ‘Man and Superman? a. G.B. Shaw b. Thomas Hardy c. Ernest Hamingway d. Charles Dcikens Ans. a. G.B. Shaw 02. The most famous Satanist in English literature is— a. Jonathan Swift b. Alexander Pope c. Joseph Addison d. Richard Stell Ans. a. Jonathan Swift 03. What is the plural form of the word ‘louse’? a. louses b. lice c. lices d. licess Ans. b. lice 04. Choose the correct sentence: a. He refrained to take any drastic action b. He refrained on taking any drastic action c. He refrained in taking any drastic action d. He refrained from taking any drastic action Ans. d. He refrained from taking any drastic action 05. Which word is closest in meaning to ‘Franchise’? a. utility b. frankness c. privilege d. superficial Ans. c. privilege 06. ‘Once in a blue moon’ means— a. always b. very rarely c. nearly d. hourly Ans. b. very rarely 07. ‘Jacobean Period’ of English Literature refers to— a. 1558-1603 b. 1625-1649 c. 1603-1625 d. 1649-1660 Ans. c. 1603-1625 08. A retired officer lives next door. Here, the underlined word in used as a/an: a. Gerund b. adverb c. preposition d. participle Ans. d. participle 09. Choose the appropriate preposition in the blank of the following sentence: Eight men were concerned--- the plot. a. at b. with c. in d. for Ans. d. for 10. Fill in the gap with the right tense: When water—it turns into ice. a. will freeze b. freezes c. would freeze d. froze Ans. b. freezes 11. Which one is the correct antonym of ‘frugal’? a. Extraordinary b. spendthrift c. economical d. authentic Ans. b. spendthrift 12. Choose the meaning of the idiom— ‘Take the bull by the horns’ a. To challenge the enemy with courage b. Force the enemy to submit c. Out of one’s wit d. Surrender before the enemy Ans. a. To challenge the enemy with courage 13. Fill in the blank with the correct quantifier. I still have—money. a. a few b. quite a few c. many d. a little Ans. d. a little 14. Select the right compound structure of the sentence: ‘Though he is poor, he is honest’. a. He is poor and honest b. As he is poor, he is honest c. He is poor but honest d. Sine he is poor, he is honest. Ans. c. He is poor but honest 15. Where do the following lines occur in? ‘Alone, alone, all, all alone, Alone on a wide, wide sea.---` a. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner b. Kubla Khan c. The Nightingale d. The dungeon Ans. a. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 16. ‘For God’s sake hold your tongue, and let me love.’ This line is written by— a. Emily Dickinson b. T.S. Eliot c. Mathew Arnold d. John Donne Ans. d. John Donne 17. Fill in the blanks: Tourists – their reservations well in advance if they want to fly to Cox’s Bazar. a. better to had get b. had better to get c. had better got d. had better get Ans. d. had better get 18. The sun went down. The underlined word is used here as a/an: a. preposition b. adverb c. noun d. conjunction Ans: b. adverb 19. Which one of the following words is in singular form? a. agenda b. oases c. radius d. formulae Ans. c. radius 20. Identify the right passive voice of ‘it is impossible to do this’. a. Doing this is impossible b. This is impossible to be done c. This is must be done d. This can’t be done Ans. b. This is impossible to be done 21. Of the following authors, who wrote an epic? a. John Milton b. Jane Mansfield c. William Cowper d. William Shakespeare Ans. a. John Milton 22. The literary term ‘euphemism’ means— a. vague idea b. inoffensive expression c. a sonnet d. wise saying Ans. b. inoffensive expression 23. ‘Mutton’ is a/an a. Common noun b. Abstract noun c. Material noun d. Proper noun Ans. c. Material noun 24. Reading is an excellent habit. Here, the underlined word is a— a. Verbal noun b. Participle c. Verb d. Gerund Ans. d. Gerund 25. Which one of the following words is an example of a distributive pronoun? a. such b. either c. that d. any Ans. b. either 26. Who is not a Victorian poet? a. Mathew Arnold b. Alexander Pope c. Robert Browning d. Alfred Tennyson Ans. b. Alexander Pope 27. A speech of too many word is called— a. A big speech b. Maiden speech c. An unimportant speech d. A verbose speech Ans. d. A verbose speech 28. ‘Strike while the iron is hot’ is an example of— a. Noun Clause b. Adjective clause c. Adverbial clause d. Subordinate clause Ans. c. Adverbial clause 29. The play ‘The Spanish Tragedy’ is written by— a. Thomas Kyd b. Christopher Marlowe c. Shakespeare d. Ben Jonson Ans. a. Thomas Kyd 30. Who among the following Indian English writers is a famous novelist? a. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak b. R.K. Narayan c. Nissim Ezekiel d. Kamala Das Ans. b. R.K. Narayan 31. The word ‘Panegyric’ means a. Criticism b. elaborate praise c. curse d. high sound Ans. b. elaborate praise 32. Select the correctly spelt word: a. heterogeneous b. heterogeneous c. hetrogeneous d. hetroganeous Ans. b. heterogeneous 33. ‘Among’ is a preposition that is used when--- people are involved. a. two b. more than two c. two or more than two d. four only Ans. b. more than two 34. Which period is known as ‘The golden age of English literature’? a. The Victorian age b. The Elizabeth I age c. The Restoration age d. The eighteenth Century Ans. b. The Elizabeth I age 35. Which one in the correct indirect narration? ‘Why have you beaten my dog? he said to me. a. He demanded me why had I beaten his dog. b. He asked me why I have had beaten his dog. c. He enquired my why had I had beaten his dog. d. He demanded of me why I had beaten his dog. Ans. d. He demanded of me why I had beaten his dog. 37 TH BCS ENGLISH QUESTION 01. Which of the following words is in singular form? a. formulae b. agenda c. oases d. radius ans: d. radius 02. Choose the correct sentence: a. All of id depending on you b. All of it are depending on you c. All of it depends on you d. All of it are depended on you Ans: c. All of it depends on you 03. “A rooling some gathers no moas” The complex form of the sentence is -- a. Since a stone is rooling, it gathers no moss. b. Though a stone rolls, it gathers no moss. c. A stone what rools gathers no moss d. A stone that rolls gathers no moss. Ans: A stone that rolls gathers no moss 04. A Chard was appended to the report. Here ‘appended’ means— a. changed b. removed c. joined d. shortened Ans: c. joined 05. The mother sat vigilantly beside the sick baby. Here vigilantly’ is— a. a noun b. an adverb c. an adjective d. none of these Ans: b. an adverb 06. The new offer of job was alluring, Here ‘alluring’ means—of this sentence is--- a. unexpected b. tempting c. disappointing d. ordinary Ans: b. tempting 07. “Who planted this tree here”? The correct passive voice of this sentence is--- a. By who the tree was planted here? b. Who the tree had been planted hereby? c. The tree was planted here by whom? d. By whom had the tree been planted here? Ans: a. By who the tree was planted here? 08. Fraility the name is women. Here ‘Fraility’ is: a. A noun b. An adjective c. An adverb d. A verb Ans: a. A noun 09. Education is enlightening. Here ‘enlightening’ is: a. A gerund b. A participle c. An infinitive d. A finite verb Ans: a. A gerund 10. Choose the appropriate prepositions in the blank of the following sentence: The family doesn’t feel ____ going outing this season. a. in b. on c. like d. of Ans: c. like 11. Fill in the blank with appropriate use of tense I couldn’t mend the computer myself, so I ___ at a shop a. had it mended b. had it mend c. did it mend d. had mended Ans: a. had it mended 12. Use the appropriate article— I saw ___ one eyed man when I was walking on the road. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed Ans: a. a 13. The word ‘Omnivorous’ means: a. eating all types of food b. eating only fruits c. eating only meat d. eating grass and plants only Ans: a. eating all types of food 14. Complete the following sentence choosing the appropriate option: It’s raining cats and dogs, so-- a. Watch out for falling animals b. Make sure you take an umbrella. c. Keep your pets inside. d. Keep the windows open. Ans: b. Make sure you take an umbrella. 15. The phrase ‘Achilles’ heel’ means: a. A strong point b. A weak point c. A permanent solution d. A serous idea Ans: b. A weak point 16. He worked with all sincerity. The underlined phrase is--- a. A noun phrase b. An adjective phrase c. An infinitive phrase d. An adverbial phrase Ans: d. An adverbial phrase 17. This is the book I lost. Here ‘I lost’ is--- a. A noun clause b. An adverbial clause c. An adjective clause d. None of the three Ans: c. An adjective clause 18. Which do you think is the nearest in meaning to ‘proviso’ a. Sanction b. substitute c. stipulation d. directive Ans: c. stipulation 19. Cassandra is a night owl, so she doesn’t usually get up until about: a. 11 a.m b. 11 p.m c. 7 a.m d. 7 p.m Ans: d. 7 p.m 20. Select the word that is the most closely opposite in meaning to the capitalized word: DELETERIOUS a. toxic b. spurious c. harmless d. lethal Ans: c. harmless 21. “Gerontion” is a poem by--- a. T.S. Eliot b. W.B. Yeats c. Mathew Arnold d. Robert Browning Ans: a. T.S. Eliot 22. Fill in the blank. ___ is Shakespeare’s last play. a. As you like it b. Macbeth c. Tempest d. Othello Ans: c. Tempest 23. Who has written to poem “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”? a. Thomas Gray b. P.B. Shelley c. Robert Frost d. Y.B. Yeats Ans: a. Thomas Gray 24. Who has written the play ‘Volpone’? a. John Webster b. Ben Jonson c. Christopher Marlowe d. William Shakespeare Ans: b. Ben Jonson 25. Shakespeare composed much of this plays in what sort of verse? a. Alliterative verse b. Sonnet form c. Lambic pentameter d. Dactylic Hexameter Ans: c. Lambic pentameter 26. The repetition of beginning consonant sound is know as— a. personification b. onomatopoeia c. alliteration d. rhyme Ans: c. alliteration 27. Which of the following is not a poetic tradition? a. The Epic b. The Comic c. The Occult d. The Tragic Ans: b. The Comic 28. What is the funny poem of five lines called? a. Quartet b. Limerick c. Sixtet d. Haiku Ans: b. Limerick 29. Who wrote “Biographia Literaria”? a. Lord Byron b. P.B. Shelley c. S.T. Coleridge d. Charles Lamb Ans: c. S.T. Coleridge 30. Robert Browning was a ___ poet. Fill in the gap with appropriate word. a. Romantic b. Victoriam c. Modern d. Elizathan Ans: b. Victoriam 31. Othello gave Desdemona___ as a token of love: a. Ring b. Handkerchief c. Pendant d. Bangles Ans: b. Handkerchief 32. P.B. Shelley’s Adonais’ is an elegy on the death of--- a. John Milton b. S.T. Coleridge c. John Keats d. Lord Byron Ans: c. John Keats 33. The comparison of unlike using the words like on as is known to be— a. metaphor b. simile c. alliteration d. personification Ans: b. simile 34. ‘Restoration period’ in English literature refers to--- a. 1560 b. 1660 c. 1760 d. 1866 Ans: b. 1660 35. ‘The Sun Also Rises’ is a novel written by--- a. Charles Dicknes b. Hermanne Melville c. Earnest Hemingway d. Thomas Hardy Ans: c. Earnest Hemingway 36th BCS English Question 01. Shakespeare's Measure for Measure' is a successful- a. tragedy b. comedy c. trigi-comedy d. melo drama Ans. c. trigi-comedy 02. Teacher said, 'The earth ___ round the sun.' a. moves b. moved c. has moved d. will be moving Ans. a. moves 03. The romantic age in English literature began with the publication of-- a. preface to Shakespeare b. perface to Lyrical Ballads c. preface to Ancient Mariners d. preface to Dr. Johnson Ans. b. perface to Lyrical Ballads 04. Professor Razzak was a scholar---- refute. a. in b. of c. after d. by Ans. b. of b. of 05. 'David Coperfield' is a/an------novel. a. Victorian b. Elizabethan c. Romantic d. Modern Ans. a. Victorian 06. 'Elegy written is a country churchyard' is written by--- a. William Wordsworth b. Thomas Gray c. John Keats d. W.B. Yeats Ans. b. Thomas Gray 07. John Smith is good ___ Mathematics. a. at b. in c. of d. after Ans. a. at 08. In English Grammar, ____ deals with formation of sentences. a. Morphology b Etymology c. Syntax d. Semantics Ans. c. Syntax 09. Which of the followings books is written by Thomas Hardy? a. Vanity Fair b. The Return of the Native c. Pride and Prejudice d. Oliver Twist Ans. b. The Return of the Native 10. He insisted___ there. a. on my going b. is to go c. over going d. to go Ans. a. on my going 11. The idiom 'A stitch is times saves nine' refers to the importance of-- a. saving lives b. timely action c. saving time d. time tailoring Ans. b. timely action 12. 'Frailty thy name is woman'-is a famous dialouge from--- a. Christopher Marlow b. Johns Webstar c. W. Shakespeare d. T.S. Eliot Ans. c. W. Shakespeare 13. The poem 'The Solitary Reaper' is written by-- a. W.H. Auden b. W. Wordsworth c. W.B. Yeats d. Ezra Pound Ans. b. W. Wordsworth 14. 'The Merchant of Venice' is a Shakespearean play about-- a. a Jew b. a Moor c. a Roman d. a Turk Ans. a. a Jew 15. What word be the right antonym for 'initiative'? a. apathy b. indolence c. enterprise d. activity Ans. b. indolence 16. The play 'Candida' is by---- a. James Joyce b. Shakespeare c. G.B. Shaw d. Arthur Miller Ans. c. G.B. Shaw 17. Which of the following writers belongs to the romantic period in English literatue? a. A. Tennyson b. Alexander Pope c. John Dryden d. S.T. Colerideg Ans.d. S.T. Colerideg 18. This could have worked if I ---- benn more cautious. a. had b. have c. might d. would Ans. a. had 19. The climax of a plot is what happens---- a. in the beginning b. at the height c. at the end d. in the confrontation Ans. b. at the height 20. London town is found a livign being in the works of-- a. Thomas Hardy b. Charles Dickens c. W. Congreve d. D.H. Lawrence Ans. b. Charles Dickens 21. I have been living in Dhaka----2000. a. since b. from c. till do. for Ans. a. since 22. Give the antonym of the word 'transitory'. a. temporary b. permanent c. transparent d. short-lived Ans. b. permanent 23. 'A Passage to India' is written by--- a. E.M. Forster b. Rudyard Kipling c. Galls Worthy d. A.H. Auden Ans. a. E.M. Forster 24. 'Gitanjali' of Robindranath Tagore was translated by--- a. Robert Frost b. W.B. Yeats c. John Keats d. Rudyard Kipling Ans. b. W.B. Yeats 25. 'Venerate' means-- a. defame b. abuse c. respect d. accuse Ans. c. respect 26. Credit tk 5000---- my account. a. with b. against c. to d. in Ans. c. to 27. 'To do away with' means-- a. to repeat b. to start c. to get rid of d. to drive off Ans. c. to get rid of 28. Who of the following writers was not a novelist? a. Charles Dickens b. W.B. Yeats c. James Joyce d. Jane Austen Ans. b. W.B. Yeats 29. Which one is a correct sentence? a. Paper is made of wood b. Paper is made from wood c. Paper is made by wood d. Paper is made on wood Ans. b. Paper is made from wood 30. Verb of 'Number' is--- a. number b. enumerate c. numbering d. numerical Ans. b. enumerate 31. 'Child is the father of man' is taken from the poem of-- a. S.T coleridge b. P.B. Shelley c. A.C. Swinburne d. W. Wordsworth Ans. d. W. Wordsworth 32. Slow and steady---- the race. a. win b. wins c. has won d. won Ans.b. wins 33. 'Man is a political animal'- who said this? a. Dante b. Plato c. Aristotle d. Socrates Ans. c. Aristotle 34. Who is known as 'the poet of nature' in English literature? a. Lord Tennyson b. John Milton c. William Words Worth d. John Keates Ans. c. William Words Worth 35. Identify the correct sentnece-- a. Yesterday, he has gone home b. Yesterday, he did gone home c. Yesterday, he had gone home d. Yesterday, he went home Ans. d. Yesterday, he went home 35TH BCS ENGLISH QUESTION 01. Cricket enjoys a huge ----- in Bangladesh. a. Follow on b. Follow c. Fall out d. Following Ans. d. Following 02. Who wrote the following lines: “all at once I saw/a crowd, a host of golden daffodils”? a. Wrodsworth b. Shelley c. Herrick d. Keats Ans. a. Wrodsworth 03. What would be the right synonym for “initiative”? a. Apathy b. Indolence c. Enterprise d. Activity Ans. c. Enterprise 04. Which of the following words cab en used as a verb? a. Mister b. Master c. Mistress d. Mastery Ans. b. Master 05. Who among the following writers is not a Nobel Laureate? a. T.S. Eliot b. Toni Morrison c. Grahame Greene d. William Faulkner Ans. c. Grahame Greene 06. The correct passive form of “You must shut these doors” is— a. These must be shut doors b. Shut the doors you must c. Shut must be the doors d. These doors must be shut Ans. d. These doors must be shut 07. The film was directed in the director’s usual---- style a. Confusion b. Idiosyncratic c. Personifying d. Purifying Ans. b. Idiosyncratic 08. Which word is the determiner in the sentence “Will it take much time?” a. will b. take c. much d. time Ans. c. much 09. The play ‘Arms and the Man’ is by— a. James Joyce b. Arthur Miller c. Samuel Beckett d. George Bernard Shaw Ans. d. George Bernard Shaw 10. “He was a rather disagreeable man.” Here the word disagreeable is a/an- a. Noun b. Adjective c. Adverb d. Preposition Ans. b. Adjective 11. This could have worked if I ---- been more far-sighted. a. had b. might c. have d. would Ans. a. had 12. The “climax” of a plot is what happens— a. in the beginning b. at the end c. at the height d. in the confrontation Ans. c. at the height 13. Choose the pair of words that expresses a relationship similar to that of “Harm: Damage”— a. Sweet : Sour b. Injure : Incapacitate c. Stout: Weak d. Hook : Crook Ans. b. Injure : Incapacitate 14. ‘Othello’ is a Shakespeare’s play about— a. A jew b. A Roman c. A Turk d. A Moor Ans. d. A Moor 15. In the 18th Century the Mughal Empire begun to--- a. discriminate b. disintegrate c. differentiate d. dislocate Ans. b. disintegrate 16. Being fat does not necessarily kill you, but it – the risk that yu will suffer from nasty diseases. a. increases b. emphasize c. encourage d. involves Ans. a. increases 17. The poem “Isle of Innis free” is written by— a. Dylan Thomas b. Ezra Pound c. W.H. Auden d. W.B. Yeats Ans. d. W.B. Yeats 18. ‘Riders to the Sea’ is— a. an epic poem b. a novella c. a one-act play d. a theatrical adaptation of a poem Ans. c. a one-act play 19. “It is time to review the protocol on testing nuclear weapons”. Here the underlined word means— a. Record of rules b. Procedures c. Summary of rules d. Problems Ans. a. Record of rules 20. ----amazing song hunted me for a long time. a. These b. Those c. Thus d. That Ans. d. That 21. Let us begin by looking at the minutes of the meeting. Here the underlined word means— a. time record b. time frame c. written record d. written analysis Ans. c. written record 22. The noise level in Dhaka city has increased exponentially. Here the underlined word means— a. amazingly b. shockingly c. steadily d. rapidly Ans. d. rapidly 23. Which of the following writers belong to the Elizabethan period? a. Cristopher Marlowe b. Alexander Pope c. John Dryden d. Samuel Beckett Ans. a. Cristopher Marlowe 24. Women are too often --- by family commitments. a. confused b. controlled c. contaminated d. constrained Ans. d. constrained 25. “To be, or not to be, that is the question”—is a famous dialogue from— a. Othello b. Romeo and Juliet c. Hamlet d. Macbeath Ans. c. Hamlet 26. Class relations and societal conflict is the key understanding of— a. Feminism b. Formalism c. Structuralism d. Marxism Ans. d. Marxism 27. Societies living in the periphery are always ignored. Here the underlined word means-- a. offshore areas b. marginal areas c. remote place d. backward places Ans. b. marginal areas 28. The idiom “A stitch in time saves nine”- refers the importance of— a. saving lives b. timely action c. saving time d. time tailoring Ans. b. timely action 29. Which is the correct sentence? a. He insisted on seeing her b. He insisted for seeing her c. He insisted in seeing her d. He insisted to be seeing Ans. a. He insisted on seeing her 30. The phrase “nouveau riche” means— a. Riche rich b. Well off c. New high class d. New rich Ans. d. New rich 31. What would be the best antonym of “hibernate”? a. dormancy b. liveliness c. sluggishness d. democracy Ans. b. liveliness 32. I am in the process of collecting material for my story. The underlined word is a/an— a. Verb b. Adverb c. Adjective d. Noun Ans. d. Noun 33. Depression is often hereditary. The underlined word is a/an— a. Verb b. Adverb c. Adjective d. Noun Ans. c. Adjective 34. Find the odd-man-out— a. George Eliot b. Thomas Hardy c. Joseph Conrad d. James Joyce Ans. a. George Eliot 35. Find the odd-man out— a. The redst Eye b. Sula c. As I Lay Dying d. A Mercy 34TH BCS ENGLISH QUESTION 01. Lunar eclipse occurs on- a. A moonless day b. A new moon day c. A full moon day d. A half moon day Ans. c. A full moon day 02. The term PC means— a. Professional computer b. Private computer c. Prime computer d. Personal computer Ans. d. Personal computer 03. `Botany’ is to `plants’ as `Zoology’ is to— a. flowers b. trees c. dear d. animals Ans. d. animals 04. Tiger: Zoology :: Mars :? a. Astrology b. Astronomy c. Crytology d. Telescopy Ans. b. Astronomy 05. `Maiden Speech’ means— a. Late speech b. Early speech c. Final speech d. First speech Ans. d. First speech 06. What is the masculine gender of “mare”? a. Dog b. Mermaid c. Bear d. Stallion Ans. d. Stallion 07. Who is known as the `Lady of the Lamp’? a. Sorojini Naidu b. Hellen Killer c. Florence Nightingale d. Madame Teresa Ans. c. Florence Nightingale 08. For which of the following disciplines Nobel Prize is awarded? a. Literature, peace and Economices b. Physiology or Medicine c. Physics and Chemistry d. All of the above Ans. d. All of the above 09. EURO is the currency of- a. Africa b. Asia c. Europe d. America Ans. c. Europe 10. IMF is the result of— a. Hawana Conference b. Rome Conference c. Geneva Conference d. Brettonwood Conference Ans. d. Brettonwood Conference 11. N.B stands for— a. Non bearing b. Note before c. No bar d. Nota bene Ans. d. Nota bene 12. Fill in the blank of the following sentence with the right form of verb: If I ----a king! a. shall be b. am c. was d. were Ans. d. were 13. In Cricket game the length of the pitch between the two wickets is— a. 21 yards b. 24 yards c. 23 yards d. 22 yards Ans. d. 22 yards 14. Badminton is the national sport of— a. Nepal b. Malaysia c. Scotland d. China Ans. b. Malaysia 15. Which of the following ecosystems covers the largest area of the earth’s surface? a. Marine Ecosystem b. Desert Econosystem c. Mountain Ecosystem d. Fresh water Ecosystem Ans. a. Marine Ecosystem 33rd BCS ENGLISH QUESTION 01. Pick appropriate preposition for the following sentence: Noureen will discuss the issue with nasir-----phone. a. in b. over c. by d. on Ans. b. over 02. Pick appropriate preposition for the following sentence: Some writers sink--- obilion in course of time. a. from b. under c. into d. on Ans. c. into 03. ‘Call; to mind’ means— a. fantasize b. attend c. remember d. request Ans. c. remember 04. ‘Pass away’ Means— a. disappear b. die c. erase d. fall Ans. b. die 05. Pick the word that is synonymous with ‘authoritarian’— a. autocratic b. senior c. elderly d. potential Ans. a. autocratic 06. The word ‘permissive’ implies— a. humble b. law-abiding c. liberal d. submissive Ans. c. liberal 07. Each of the sons followed--- father’s trade. a. their b. her c. his d. whose Ans. c. his 08. Subject—verb agreement refers to— a. person only b. number, person and gender c. number and person d. number only Ans. c. number and person 09. The error in the sentence: ‘One of the recommendation made by the committee was accepted by the authorities’ is--- a. recommendation b. was c. accepted by d. committee Ans. a. recommendation 10. ‘The French’ refers to— a. the French people b. the french language c. the french manners d. the french society Ans. a. the French people 11. If a person cannot stop taking drugs, he is— a. attached to them b. committed to them c. addicted to them d. devoted to them Ans. c. addicted to them 12. The word ‘officialese’ means— a. plural number of official b. language used in offices c. plural number of offices d. vague expressions Ans. b. language used in offices 13. ‘Succumb’ means— a. achieve b. submit c. win d. conquer Ans. b. submit 14. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate part: We look forward---a response from you. a. to receiving b. to receive c. in receiving d. for receiving Ans. a. to receiving 15. If a part of a speech or writing breaks the theme, it is called— a. pomposity b. digression c. exaggeration d. anti-climax Ans. b. digression 16. The expression ‘take into account’ means— a. count numbers b. consider c. think seriously d.assess Ans. b. consider 17. Choose the best translation of ‘KZ©„cÿ Zv‡K wZi¯‹vi KijÕ from the alternative below— a. The authorities criticized him b. authorities took him to book c. The authorities took him to task d. The authorities gave reins to him Ans. c. The authorities took him to task 18. ‘Such claim needs to be tested empirically’ means— a. The test should be based on experience b. The test should be based on idea c. The test should be based on assumption d. The test should be based on calculation Ans. a. The test should be based on experience 19. The idiom ‘put up with’ means— a. Stay together b. Tolerate c. Keep trust d. Protect Ans. b. Tolerate 20. In many ways, riding a bicycle is similar to— a. driving a car b. when one drives a car c. the driving of a car d. when we drive a car Ans. a. driving a car 32nd BCS ENGLISH QUESTION 01. Choose the correct synonym for— “Extempore” a. Planned b. Improvise c. Impromptu d. Immediate Ans. c. Impromptu 02. Choose the correct synonym for—“Menacing” a. Encouraging b. Alarming c. Promising d. Auspicious Ans. b. Alarming 03. Choose the correct anatomy for—“Oblige” a. Bind b. Require c. Bother d. Censure Ans. d. Censure 04. Choose the correct anatomy for—“Cynical” a. Pessimistic b. Gullible c. Equivocal d. Liberal Ans. b. Gullible 05. Select the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the given sentence: “We were no more surprised than Rahman.” a. We were less surprised than Rahman b. We were all surprised c. Rahman was less surprised than us d. We were as surprised as Rahman Ans. d. We were as surprised as Rahman 06. Select the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the given sentence: “Note once our neighbor invited us into his house.” a. Our neighbor has invited u into his house once but many times b. Our neighbor has never invited us into his house c. Occasionally our neighbor has invited us into his house d. Our neighbor has not always invited us into his house Ans. b. Our neighbor has never invited us into his house 07. Choose Suitable word/phrase to fill in the blanks of the given Sentence: Travellers—their reservation well in advance if they want to visit the ST. Martins island a. had better to get b. had to better get c. had better get d. had better got Ans. c. had better get 08. Choose Suitable word/phrase to fill in the blanks of the given sentence: After food has been dried or canned—for later consumption. a. it should be stored b. that it should be stored c. should be stored d. which should be stored Ans. a. it should be stored 09. The sentence ‘Who would have thought Shylock was so unkind? expresses— a. hyperbole b. interrogation c. command d. wonder Ans. d. wonder 10. Choose the word/phrase that best retain the meaning of the quoted word/phrase in the given sentence: Despite being a brilliant scientist, he does not seem ‘to get his ideas across’ a. make his ideas understood b. get his ideas down pat c. summaries his ideas d. put together his ideas Ans. a. make his ideas understood 11. Choose the word/phrase the best retain the meaning of the quoted word/phrase in the given sentence: What may be considered ‘courteous’ in one culture may be arrogant in another. a. flimsy b. coarse c. gracious d. friendly Ans. d. friendly 12. Choose the pair of words that expresses a relationship similar to that of given pair: Words: writer A. Laws: policeman b. Butter: backer c. Chalk: black board d. Joy: emotion Ans. A. Laws: policeman 13. Choose the pair of words that expresses a relationship similar to that of given pair: Pattron: Support a. Spouse: divorce b. Artist: imitation c. Counselor: advice d. Restaurant: customer Ans. c. Counselor: advice 14. Choose the pair of words that expresses a relationshi similar ot that of given pair: Heart: human a. Walk: brick b. Hand: child c. Kitchen: house d. Engine: car Ans. d. Engine: car 15. Choose the meaning of the expression: “no news is good news”. a. It is likely that we expect bad news b. It is likely to have bad news c. It is likely that nothing bad has happened d. It is unlikely that another bad has happened Ans. c. It is likely that nothing bad has happened 16. Choose the meaning of the given expression: “A bird in hand is worth two in the bush”. a. the seen is better than unseen b. promises are better than unseen c. It is no good beating about the bush d. Take what you have got readily Ans. d. Take what you have got readily 17. “To raise one’s brows” indicates— a. annoyance b. disapproval c. indifference d. surprise Ans. d. surprise 18. Identify the incorrect word/phrase indicated by single quotation: ‘Every’ man or woman ‘should vote’ ‘for’ the candidate of ‘their’ choice. a. every b. for c. should vote d. their Ans. d. their 19. Identify the incorrect word/phrase indicated by single quotation: A doctor may be able ‘to diagnose’ a problem ‘perfect’ but he may not be able to find a drug ‘to which’ the patient ‘will respond’. a. to diagnose b. perfect c. to which d. will respond Ans. b. perfect 20. Identify the incorrect word/phrase indicated by the single quotation: According to experts a good way ‘to’ ‘improve’ listening skills is ‘by’ ‘watch’ television specially news and documentaries. a. to b. by c. improve d. watch Asn. d. watch 31st BCS ENGLISH QUESTION 01. Choose the one that best expresses the meaning of the given word:- Sporadic a. consistent b. Uniform c. Frequent d. Scattered Ans. d. Scattered 02. Choose the one that best expresses the meaning of the given word:- Omnipotent a. Feeble b. Supreme c. Impotent d. Vulnerable Ans. b. Supreme 03. Choose the word opposite in meaning to the given word:- Repeal a. Abolish b. Enact c. Annul d. Nullify Ans. b. Enact 04. Choose the word opposite in meaning to the given word:- Equity a. Uprightness b. Justice c. Integrity d. Bias Ans. d. Bias 05. Choose the one which can be substituted for the given word/sentence:- A formal composition or speech expressing high praise of somebody- a. elegy b. eulogy c. caricature d. exaggeration Ans. b. eulogy 06. The word ‘Shrug’ indicating doubt or indifference is associated with- a. Shoulders b. Head c. Forehead d. Eyebrows Ans. a. Shoulders 07. Fill the blank in the following sentence using most appropriate alternative: He is quite—in dealing with people. a. unsubtle b. imprudent c. diplomatic d. impolite Ans. c. diplomatic 08. Fill the blank in the following sentence using most appropriate alternative: They suffered much—tornado had hit their village. a. until b. since c. as if d. let alone Ans. b. since 09. Choose the wrong sentence: a. The land is belonged to an old lady b. They parted form one another suddenly c. The leader expressed himself forcibly d. Mother bought me an ice-cream Ans. a. The land is belonged to an old lady 10. Choose the wrong sentence: a. He was always arguing with his brother b. His failure resulted for lack of attention c. When will you write to him about your plan? d. Who was the boy you were all laughing at? Ans. b. His failure resulted for lack of attention 11. Choose the correctly spelt word:- a. Volantory b. Volantary c. Voluntary d. Voluntory Ans. c. Voluntary 12. Choose the correctly spelt word:- a. Accilerate b. Accelerate c. Accelerrate d. Accilarate Ans. b. Accelerate 13. Choose the correctly spelt word:- a. Tsunami b. Sunami c. Suname d. Sunamce Ans. a. Tsunami 14. Find the one that best fits into the blank space: Which living in poverty, the poet had to – a great deal of sufferings. a. see through b. put up with c. pass by d. fall back Ans. b. put up with 15. Find the one that best fits into the blank space: --- his earlier study, the Professor’s new study indicates a general warning trend in global weather. a. In contrast of b. In contrast to c. In contrast by d. In contrast as Ans. b. In contrast to 16. Find the one that best fits into the blank space: Only those who are not serious to their success work by--- and start. a. long odds b. against time c. every inch d. fits Ans. d. fits 17. Of the four alternatives given below, choose the word/words that best fits into the quoted word given in the sentence: One day women will have has so long been denied them leisure, money and ‘room’ to themselves. a. Space b. Liberty c. Office d. Capacity Ans. b. Liberty 18. Of the four alternatives given below, choose the word/words that best fits into the quoted word given in the sentence: Crafty men ‘condemn’ studies, simple men admire them and wise men use them. a. Denounce b. Laud c. Compliment d. Acclaim Ans. a. Denounce 19. To end in smoke— a. To create fire b. To go through suffering c. To come to nothing d. To see fire Ans. c. To come to nothing 20. Wordsworth introduced the readers--- a new kind of poetry. a. with b. at c. to d. by Ans. c. to Ans. ? BCS PRILIMINARY FULL QUESTIONS 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: International ১। আন্তর্জাতিক বিচার আদালত রােহিঙ্গা গণহত্যা বিষয়ক অন্তর্বতীকালীন রায়ে মিয়ানমারকে কয়টি নির্দিষ্ট ব্যবস্থা গ্রহণের কথা বলেছে? (ক) ৩টি (খ) ২টি (গ) ৫টি (ঘ) ৪টি উত্তর: (ঘ) ৪টি ২। কোন দুটি দেশের মধ্যে সীমান্ত বিরােধ নিস্পত্তির জন্য ২০১১ সালে নােবেল শান্তি পুরস্কার দেয়া হয়- (ক) ক্যামেরুন এবং ইথিওপিয়া (খ) পেক্ষ এবং তেনেকুল (গ) ইথিওপিয়া এবং ইরিত্রিয়া (ঘ) মালি এবং সেনেগাল উত্তর: (গ) ইথিওপিয়া এবং ইরিত্রিয়া ৩। ব্রিটিশ ভারতের রাজধানী কলকাতা থেকে দিল্লীতে স্থানান্তরিত হয় কত সালে? (ক) ১৯১২ সালে (খ) ১৯১৩ সালে (গ) ১৯১৪ সালে (ঘ) ১৯১৫ সালে উত্তর: Exp: কলকাতার লোকেরা বঙ্গভঙ্গের বিরোধিতা করলে শাস্তিস্বরূপ লর্ড কার্জন ১৯১১ সালে রাজধানী কলকাতা থেকে সরিয়ে দিল্লীতে নিয়ে যান। ৪। আন্তর্জাতিক মুদ্রা তহবিল কোন সালে গঠিত হয়? (ক) ১৯৪৪ সালে (খ) ১৯৪৫ সালে (গ) ১৯৪৮ সালে (ঘ) ১৯৪১ সালে উত্তর: (ক) ১৯৪৪ সালে ৫। জাতিসংঘের কোন সংস্থাটি করােনা ভাইরাসকে ‘pandemic’ ঘােষণা করেছে? (ক) ECOSOC (খ) FAO (গ) WHO (ঘ) HRC উত্তর: (গ) WHO ৬। যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের রাষ্ট্রপতি নির্বাচনে ডেমােক্রেটিক দলের মনােনয়নের জন্য ন্যূনতম কতজন ডেলিগেটের সমর্থন প্রয়ােজন? (ক) ২৫০০ (খ) ১৯৯১ (গ) ১৯৫০ (ঘ) ১৮৯০ উত্তর: (খ) ১৯৯১ ৭। ট্রান্সপারেন্সি ইন্টারন্যাশনাল কোন দেশ ভিত্তিক আন্তর্জাতিক সংস্থা? (ক) সুইডেন (খ) মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র (গ) যুক্তরাজ্য (ঘ) জার্মানি উত্তর: (ঘ) জার্মানি ৮। সামরিক ভাষায় ‘WMD অর্থ কী? (ক) Weapons of Mass Destruction (খ) Worldwide Mass Destruction (গ) Weapons of Missile Defence (ঘ) Weapons for Massive Destruction উত্তর: (ক) Weapons of Mass Destruction ৯। ২০২০ সালে প্রকাশিত ‘আইনের শাসন সূচকে শীর্ষস্থান অর্জনকারী দেশের নাম কী? (ক) ডেনমার্ক (খ) নরওয়ে (গ) জার্মানি (ঘ) সিঙ্গাপুর উত্তর: (ক) ডেনমার্ক ১০। ইনকা সভ্যতা কোন আমলে বিরাজমান ছিল? (ক) দক্ষিণ আমেরিকা (খ) আফ্রিকা (গ) মহাপ্রাচ্য (ঘ) ইউরােপ উত্তর: (ক) দক্ষিণ আমেরিকা ১১। নিচের কোন দেশটিতে রাশিয়ার সামরিক ঘাঁটির সুবিধা বিদ্যমান? (ক) কিউবা (খ) ভিয়েতনাম (গ) উজবেকিস্তান (ঘ) সােমালিয়া উত্তর: (খ) ভিয়েতনাম ১২। ফিনল্যান্ড কোন দেশের উপনিবেশ ছিল? (ক) রাশিয়া (খ) ডেনমার্ক (গ) সুইডেন (ঘ) ইংল্যান্ড উত্তর: (ক) রাশিয়া ১৩। এশিয়াকে আফ্রিকা মহাদেশ থেকে পৃথক করেছে কোন প্রণালী? (ক) জিব্রান্টার প্রণালী (খ) বসফরাস প্রণালী (গ)বাবেল মান্দেব প্রণালী ঘ) বেরিং প্রণালী উত্তর: (গ)বাবেল মান্দেব প্রণালী ১৪।জাতিসংঘের কোন সংস্থা বার্ষিক বিশ্ব বিনিয়োগ প্রতিবেদন প্রকাশ করে? (ক) WTO (খ) MIGA (গ) World Bank (ঘ) UNCTAD উত্তর: (ঘ) UNCTAD ১৫। আন্তর্জাতিক আদালতে মিয়ানমার কর্তৃক রােহিঙ্গা গণহত্যার অভিযােগে মামলা করে কোন দেশ? (ক) নাইজেরিয়া (খ) গাম্বিয়া (গ) বাংলাদেশ (ঘ) আলজেরিয়া উত্তর: (খ) গাম্বিয়া ১৬। কোন বিদেশি রাষ্ট্র বাংলাকে অন্যতম রাষ্ট্রাষার মর্যাদা দিয়েছে? (ক) রুয়ান্ডা (খ) সিয়েরালিয়ন (গ) সুদান (খ) লাইবেরিয়া উত্তর: (খ) সিয়েরালিয়ন ১৭। জাতিসংঘ নামকরণ করেন- (ক) রুজভেল্ট (খ) স্টালিন (গ) চার্চিল (ঘ) দ্যা গল উত্তর: (ক) রুজভেল্ট ১৮। কোন মুসলিম দেশ সামরিক জোট ন্যাটোর সদস্য? (ক) সৌদি আরব (খ) মালয়েশিয়া (গ) পাকিস্তান (ঘ) তুরস্ক উত্তর: (ঘ) তুরস্ক ১৯। নর্থ আটলান্টিক ট্রিটি অর্গানাইজেশন কোন বছর প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়? (ক) ১৯৪৫ সালে (খ) ১৯৪৯ সালে (গ) ১৯৪৮ সালে (ঘ) ১৯৫১ সালে উত্তর: (খ) ১৯৪৯ সালে ২০। জার্মানির প্রথম নারী চ্যান্সেলর কে? (ক) অ্যানেগরেট ক্রাম্প (খ) লিনা হেডরিচ (গ) অ্রাঞ্জেলা মারকেল (ঘ) পেট্রা কেলি উত্তর: (গ) অ্রাঞ্জেলা মারকেল 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: Geography ২১। একই পরিমাণ বৃষ্টিপাত অঞ্চলসমূহকে যে কাল্পনিক রেখার সাহায্যে দেখানো হয় তার নাম- (ক) আইসোপ্লিথ (খ) আইসোহাইট (গ) আইসোেহলাইন (ঘ) আইসোথার্ম উত্তর: (খ) আইসোহাইট ২২। বাংলাদেশের সবচেয়ে প্রাচীন বসতি কোনটি? (ক) ময়নামতি (খ) পুন্ড্রবর্ধন (গ) পাহাড়পুর (ঘ) সোনারগাঁ উত্তর: (খ) পুন্ড্রবর্ধন ২৩। নিচের কোনটি সত্য নয়? (ক) ইয়াবতী মায়ানমারের একটি নদী (খ) গােবী মরুভূমি ভারতে অবস্থিত (গ) থর মরুভূমি ভারতের পশ্চিমাংশে অবহিত (ঘ) সাজেক ভ্যালি বাংলাদেশে অবস্থিত উত্তর: (খ) গােবী মরুভূমি ভারতে অবস্থিত ২৪। দক্ষিণ গােলার্ধে উষ্ণতম মাস কোনটি? (ক) জানুয়ারি (খ) ফেব্রুয়ারি (গ) ডিসেম্বর (খ) মে উত্তর: (ক) জানুয়ারি ২৫। মার্বেল কোন ধরনের কি? (ক) রূপান্তরিত শিলা (খ) আগ্নেয় শিলা (গ) পাললিক শিলা (ঘ) মিশ্র শিলা উত্তর: (ক) রূপান্তরিত শিলা ২৬। মধ্যম উচ্চতায় মেঘ কোনটি ? (ক) সিরাস (খ) নিম্বাস (গ) কিউমুলাস (ঘ) স্ট্রেটাস উত্তর: Exp: ভূপৃষ্ঠের উপর থেকে 2135 মিটার থেকে 6097 মিটার এর মধ্যবর্তী মেঘকে মাঝারি মেঘ বলে। দুই প্রকারের মাঝারি মেঘ দেখা যায় যথাক্রমে: ১। অল্টো কিউমুলাস ২। অল্টো স্ট্রাটাস। সিরাস-উঁচু; কিউমুলাস, নিম্বাস, স্ট্রেটাস – নিচু; ২৭। ‘বেঙ্গল ফ্যান-ভূমিরূপটি কোথায় অবস্থিত? (ক) মধুপুর গড়ে (খ) বঙ্গোপসাগরে (গ) হাওর অঞ্চলে (ঘ) টারশিয়ারি পাহাড়ে উত্তর: (খ) বঙ্গোপসাগরে ২৮। UDMC-এর পূর্ণরূপ হলো- (ক) United Disaster Management Centre (খ) Union Disaster Management Committee (গ) Union Disaster Management Centre (ঘ) none of the above উত্তর: (খ) Union Disaster Management Committee ২৯। ২০১৫ সালের প্যারিস চুক্তির সাথে সম্পর্কিত বিষয় হলাে- (ক) আপদ ঝুঁকি হ্রাস (খ) জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন হ্রাস (গ) জনসংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি হ্রাস (ঘ) সমুদ্র পরিবহন ব্যবস্থাপনা উত্তর: (খ) জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন হ্রাস ৩০। বঙ্গবন্ধু দ্বীপ কোথায় অবস্থিত? (ক) মেঘনা মােহনায় (খ) সুন্দরবনের দক্ষিণে (গ) পদ্মা এবং যমুনার সংযােগস্থলে (ঘ) টেকনাফের দক্ষিণে উত্তর: (খ) সুন্দরবনের দক্ষিণে 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: General Science ৩১। আলােকবর্ষ ব্যবহার করে কী পরিমাপ করা হয়? (ক) দূরত্ব (খ) সময় (গ) ভর (ঘ) ওজন উত্তর: (ক) দূরত্ব ৩২। সূর্যের নিকটতম নক্ষত্রের নাম- (ক) ভেগা (খ) প্রক্সিমা সেন্টাউরি (গ) আলফ সেন্টাউরি A (ঘ) আলফা সেন্টাউরি B উত্তর: (খ) প্রক্সিমা সেন্টাউরি ৩৩। ১০০ ওয়াট-এর একটি বৈদ্যুতিক বাল্ক ১ ঘন্টা চললে কত শক্তি ব্যয় হয়? (ক) ১০০ জুল (খ) ৬০ জুল (গ) ৬০০০ জুল (ঘ) ৩৬০০০০ জুল উত্তর: (ঘ) ৩৬০০০০ জুল ৩৪। ইলেকট্রিক বাল্ব-এর ফিলামেন্ট যার দ্বারা তৈরি- (ক) আয়রন (খ) কার্বন (গ) টাংস্টেন (ঘ) লেড উত্তর: (গ) টাংস্টেন ৩৫। গ্রাফিন (graphime) কার বহুরূপী? (ক) কার্বন (খ) কার্বন ও অক্সিজেন (গ) কার্বন ও হাইড্রোজেন (ঘ) কার্বন ও নাইট্রোজেন উত্তর: (ক) কার্বন ৩৬। আইনস্টাইন নােকেল পুরস্কার পান- (ক) আপেক্ষিক তত্বের উপর (খ) মহাকর্ষীয় ধ্রুবক আবিষ্কারের জন্য (গ) কৃষ্ণগহবর আবিষ্কারের জন্য (ঘ) আলােক তড়িৎ ক্রিয়ার ব্যাখ্যা প্রদানের জন্য উত্তর: (ঘ) আলােক তড়িৎ ক্রিয়ার ব্যাখ্যা প্রদানের জন্য ৩৭। মানবদেহে লােহিত কণিকা আয়ুষ্কাল কত দিন? (ক) ৭ দিন (খ) ৩০ দিন (গ) ১৮০ দিন (ঘ) উপরের কোনটিই নয় উত্তর: (ঘ) উপরের কোনটিই নয় ৩৮। নদীর পানির ক্ষেত্রে কোনটি সত্য ? (ক)COD > BOD (খ) COD BOD ৩৯। পাথফাইন্ডাৱ-এর মঙ্গলে অবতরণ সাল— (ক) ১৯৯০ (খ) ১৯৯৫ (গ) ১৯১৭ (ঘ) ২০০০ উত্তর: (গ) ১৯১৭ ৪০। ওজোন স্তর বায়ুমন্ডলের কোন স্তরে অবস্থিত? (ক) স্ট্রাটোমন্ডল (খ) ট্রপোমন্ডল (গ) মেসোমন্ডল (ঘ) তাপমন্ডল উত্তর: (ক) স্ট্রাটোমন্ডল ৪১। কাঁদুনে গ্যাসের অপর নাম- (ক) ক্লোরোপিক্রিন (খ) মিথেন (গ) নাইট্রোজেন (ঘ) ইথেন উত্তর: (ক) ক্লোরোপিক্রিন ৪২। কোন পানিতে অক্সিজেনের পরিমাণ বেশি? (ক) পুকুরের পানিতে (খ) লেকের পানিতে (গ) নদীর পানিতে (ঘ) সাগরের পানিতে উত্তর: (ঘ) সাগরের পানিতে ৪৩। হার্ট থেকে রক্ত বাইরে নিয়ে যায় যে রক্তনালী- (ক) ভেইন (খ) আর্টারি (গ) কাপিলারি (ঘ) নার্ভ উত্তর: (খ) আর্টারি ৪৪। প্রোটিন তৈরি হয়- (ক) ফ্যাটি অ্যাসিড দিয়ে (খ) নিউক্লিক অ্যাসিড দিয়ে (গ) আমিনো অ্যাসিড দিয়ে (ঘ) উপরের কোনটিই নয় উত্তর: (গ) আমিনো অ্যাসিড দিয়ে ৪৫। কোনটি পানিতে দ্রবীভূত হয় না? (ক) গ্লিসারিন (খ) ফিটকিরি (গ) সােডিয়াম ক্লোরাইড (ঘ) ক্যালসিয়াম কার্বনেট উত্তর: (ঘ) ক্যালসিয়াম কার্বনেট 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: Information Technology ৪৬। যে ইলেক্ট্রনিক লজিক গেইটের আউটপুট লজিক 0 শুধুমাত্র যখন সকল ইনপুট লজিক 1 তার নাম- (ক) AND গেইট (খ) OR গেইট (গ) NAND গেইট (ঘ) উপরের কোনটিই নয় উত্তর: (গ) NAND গেইট ৪৭। নিচের কােনটির যোগাযােগের দূরত্ব সবচেয়ে কম – (ক) Wi-Fi (খ) Bluetooth (গ) Wi-Max (ঘ) cellular network উত্তর: (খ) Bluetooth ৪৮। নিচের কােনটি ১০০ এর ১ কমপ্লিমেন্ট? (ক) ১১১ (খ) ১০১ (গ) ০১১ (ঘ) ০০১ উত্তর: (গ) ০১১ ৪৯। RFID বলতে বুঝায়— (ক) Random Frequency Identification (খ) Random Frequency Information (গ) Radio Frequency Information (ঘ) Radio Frequency Identification উত্তর: (ঘ) Radio Frequency Identification ৫০। নিচের কোনটি সঠিক নয়? ৫১। Apache এক ধরনের- (ক) Database Management System (DBMS) (খ) Web Server (গ) Web Browser (ঘ) Protocol উত্তর: (খ) Web Server ৫২। ক্লাউড কম্পিউটিং-এর সার্ভিস মডেল কোনটি? (ক) অবকাঠামােগত (খ) প্লাটফর্মভিত্তিক (গ) সফটওয়্যার (ঘ) উপরের সবগুলাে উত্তর: (ঘ) উপরের সবগুলাে ৫৩। কোন নেটওয়ার্ক টপােলজিতে হাৰ (hub) ব্যবহার হয়? (ক) বাস টপােলজি (খ) রিং টপােলজি (গ) স্টার টপোলজি (ঘ) ট্রি টপােলজি উত্তর: (গ) স্টার টপোলজি ৫৪। একটি কম্পিউটার boot করতে পারে না যদি তাতে না থাকে- (ক) compiler (খ) loader (গ) operating system (ঘ) bootstrap উত্তর: (গ) operating system ৫৫। নিচের কোনটি anti-virus সফটওয়ার নয়? (ক) Oracle (খ) McAfee (গ) Norton (ঘ) Kaspersky উত্তর: (ক) Oracle ৫৬। যে কম্পিউটার ভাষায় সবকিছু শুধুমাত্র বাইনারি কোডে লেখা হয় তাকে বলে- (ক) Machine language (খ) C (গ) Java (ঘ) Python উত্তর: (ক) Machine language ৫৭। API মানে- (ক) Advanced Processing Information (খ) Application Processing Information (গ) Application Programming Interface (ঘ) Application Processing Interface উত্তর: (গ) Application Programming Interface ৫৮। মাইক্রোসফট IIS হচ্ছে একটি- (ক) ইমেইল সার্ভার (খ) ওয়েব সার্ভার (গ) ডাটাৰেইল সার্ভার (ঘ) ফাইল সার্ভার উত্তর: (খ) ওয়েব সার্ভার ৫৯। ব্লুটুথ কত দূরত্ব পর্যন্ত কাজ করে- (ক) ১০-৩০ মিটার (খ) ১০-৫০ মিটার (গ) ১০-১০০ মিটার (ঘ) ১০-৩০০ মিটার উত্তর: (গ) ১০-১০০ মিটার ৬০। একটি সিস্টেম যেখানে আইটেমগুলাে এক প্রান্তে সংযােজিত হয় কিন্তু অন্য প্রান্ত থেকে সরানো হয় তার নাম- (ক) Array (খ) Linked list (গ) Stack (ঘ) Queue উত্তর: (খ) Linked list 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: General Math ৬১। ▲ABC এর ∠A = 40° এবং ∠B = 80°। ∠C এর সমদ্বিখণ্ডক AB বাহকে D বিন্দুতে ছেদ করলে ∠CDA =? (ক) ১১০° (খ) ১০০° (গ) ৯০° (ঘ) ৮০° উত্তর: (ক) ১১০° ৬২। ৫ জন পুরুষ ও ৪ জন মহিলার একটি দল থেকে একজন পুরুষ ও দুইজন মহিলা নিয়ে কত প্রকায়ে একটি কমিটি গঠন করা যাবে? (ক) ১০ (খ) ১৫ (গ) ২৫ (ঘ) ৩০ উত্তর: (ঘ) ৩০ ৬৩। x+21/3+2 2/3 =0 হলে, x3+6 এর মান কত? (ক) 4x (খ) 6x (গ) 4 (ঘ) 8 উত্তর: (খ) 6x ৬৪। 5x+৪.5x + 16.5x = 1 হলে, x এর মান কত? (ক) -3 (খ) -2 (গ) -1 (ঘ) – ½ উত্তর: (খ) -2 ৬৫। ০.১২+০.০০১২+০.০০০০১২+ -ধারাটির অসীম পদ পর্যন্ত যোগফল- (ক) ৪/৩৩ (খ) ৪/৯৯ (গ) ১১২/৯৯ (ঘ) ১৪/৯৯ উত্তর: (ক) ৪/৩৩ ৬৬। √(-8) x √(-2) = কত? (ক) 4 (খ) 4i (গ) -4 (ঘ) -4i উত্তর: (গ) -4 ৬৭। |x-2|<3 হলে, m এবং n এর কোন মানের জন্য m<3x+5< n হবে? (ক) m = 1, n= 10 (খ) m = 2, n = 20 (গ) m = 3, n = 30 (ঘ) m = 4, n = 40 উত্তর: (খ) m = 2, n = 20 ৬৮। একটি আয়তক্ষেত্রের দৈর্ঘ্য ৫% বৃদ্ধি করলে তার ক্ষেত্রফল শতকরা কত বৃদ্ধি পাবে? (ক) ৫% (খ) ১০% (গ) ২০% (ঘ) ২৫% উত্তর: (ক) ৫% ৬৯। চিনির মূল্য ১০% কমে যাওয়ায় চিনির ব্যবহার শতকরা কত ভাগ বাড়ালে চিনি বাবদ খরচ একই থাকবে? (ক) ৮% (খ) ৮ ১/৩% (গ) ১০% (ঘ) ১১ ১/৯% উত্তর: (ঘ) ১১ ১/৯% ৭০। ৬ সে.মি. ব্যাসার্ধ বিশিষ্ট বৃত্তের অন্তস্থ একটি সমবাহু ত্রিভূজের ক্ষেত্রফল- (ক) ২১√৩ বর্গ সেমি (খ) ২৩√২ বর্গ সেমি (গ) ২৫√৩ বর্গ সে.মি. (ঘ) ২৭√৩ বর্গ সেমি উত্তর: (ঘ) ২৭√৩ বর্গ সেমি ৭১। 5/12, 6/13, 11/24, 3/8 এর মধ্যে বড় ভগ্নাংশটি- (ক) 5/12 (খ) 6/13 (গ) 11/24 (ঘ) 3/8 উত্তর: (খ) 6/13 ৭২। a+b =7এবং ab = 12 হলে, 1/a2 + 1/b2 এর মান কত? (ক) 3/25 (খ) 25/144 (গ) 31/144 (ঘ) 11/49 উত্তর: (খ) 25/144 ৭৩। বার্ষিক ১০% মুনাফায় ৮০০ টাকার ২ বছরের চক্রবৃদ্ধি মূলধন কত? (ক) ৯৪০ টাকা (খ) ১৬০ টাকা (গ) ৯৬৮ টাকা (ঘ) ৯৮০ টাকা উত্তর: (গ) ৯৬৮ টাকা ৭৪। log2 log√e e2=? (ক) -2 (খ) -1 (গ) 1 (ঘ) 2 উত্তর: (ঘ) 2 ৭৫। ১ থেকে ৪৪০ পর্যন্ত সংখ্যাগুলাের একটি দৈবচয়ন পদ্ধতিতে নেওয়া হলে সংখ্যাটি বর্গসংখ্যা হওয়ার সম্ভাবনা- (ক) ১/২২ (খ) ১/৬৪ (গ) ১/৬০ (ঘ) ২/৬৫ উত্তর: (ক) ১/২২ ৭৬। ৫০ মিনিট আগে সময় ছিল ৪টা বেজে ৪৫ মিনিট, ৬টা বাজতে আর কতক্ষণ সময় বাকি আছে? (ক) ১৫ মিনিট (খ) ২০ মিনিট (গ) ২৫ মিনিট (ঘ) ৮ মিনিট উত্তর: (গ) ২৫ মিনিট ৭৭। স্ক্রু ও ঘড়ির কাটার ঘূর্ণন গতির দিক- (ক) একই দিকে (খ) উল্টো দিকে (গ) উলম্ব রেখায় (ঘ) সমান্তরালে উত্তর: (ক) একই দিকে ৭৮। নিচের কোনটি সবচেয়ে ছােট সংখ্যা? (ক) ১৮/৩৬ (খ) ৫/৩ (গ) ১৬/৩১ (ঘ) ৪/১২ উত্তর: (ঘ) ৪/১২ ৭৯। ১ x ৩.৩৩ x ৭.১=? (ক) ৭.১৫ (খ) ৫.১৮ (গ) ২.৩৬ (ঘ) ১.৯৮ উত্তর: (গ) ২.৩৬ ৮০। একজন ব্যক্তির বেতন ৫% কমেছে। কিন্তু একবছর পর তা আবার ৫% বেড়েছে। মােটের উপর তার বেতন শতকরা কত বৃদ্ধি বা হ্রাস পেয়েছেঃ (ক) ০.৫% বেড়েছে (খ) ০.২৫% বেড়েছে (গ) ০.২৫% কমেছে (ঘ) ০.৫% কমেছে উত্তর: (গ) ০.২৫% কমেছে ৮১। কোন বানানটি শুদ্ধ? (ক) Incyclopedia (খ) Encyclopedia (গ) Enciclopadia (ঘ) Encyclopedea উত্তর: (খ) Encyclopedia ৮২। ঘড়ি:কাটা :: থার্মোমিটার: ? (ক) ফারেনহাইট (খ) তাপমাত্রা (গ) চিকিৎসা (ঘ) পারদ উত্তর: (ঘ) পারদ ৮৩। ১০০ থেকে ২০০ এর মধ্যে ৩ দ্বারা বিভাজ্য সংখ্যা কয়টি? (ক) ৩১ (খ) ৩২ (গ) ৩৩ (ঘ) ৩৪ উত্তর: (গ) ৩৩ ৮৪। “তিনি আমার কথা রাখলেন না, তিনি রাখলেন ______ সাহেবের কথা”। (ক) আইয়ুব খান (খ) ইয়াহিয়া খান (খ) ভুট্টো (ঘ) কিসিঞ্জার উত্তর: (খ) ভুট্টো ৮৫। রহিম উত্তর দিকে ১০ মাইল হেঁটে ডানদিকে ঘুরে ৫ মাইল হাটেন। তারপর ডানদিকে ঘুরে ২ মাইল হাঁটেন। তিনি কোন দিকে হাঁটছেন? (ক) পূর্ব (খ) পশ্চিম (গ) উত্তর (ঘ) দক্ষিণ উত্তর: (ঘ) দক্ষিণ ৮৬। নিচের কোন অক্ষরগুলাে পুনর্বিন্যাস করে একটি অর্থবােধক শব্দ তৈরি করা যায়? (ক) রা ত্র হো অ (খ) ব বা ধী প নি (গ) দ্র তা রি দা (খ) সা ব ব অ ধ্যা উত্তর: (ক) রা ত্র হো অ ৮৭ । প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্নিত স্থানে কোন সংখ্যা বসবে? (ক) ১৮ (খ) ৬৮ (গ) ৮১ (ঘ) ৪ উত্তর: (খ) ৬৮ ৮৮। ‘RELATION’-এর আয়নায় প্রতিবিম্ব কোনটি হবে? ৮৯। পাঁচজন ব্যক্তি ট্রেনে ভ্রমণ করছেন।তারা হলেন ক, খ, গ, ঘ, ঙ। ক হলেন গ এর মা, গ আবার ঙ এর স্ত্রী। ঘ হলেন ক এর ভাই এবং খ হলেন ক এর স্বামী। ঙ এর সঙ্গে খ এর সম্পর্ক কী? (ক) শ্বশুর (খ) পিতা (গ) চাচা (ঘ) ভাই উত্তর: (ক) শ্বশুর ৯০। যদি মাসের ২য় দিন সোমবার হয়, তবে মাসের ১৮তম দিন কী বার হবে? (ক) রবিবার (খ) সোমবার (গ) মঙ্গলবার (ঘ) বুধবার উত্তর: (ঘ) বুধবার 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: Good Governance ৯১। কোন মূল্যবােধ রাষ্ট্র, সরকার ও গােষ্ঠী কর্তৃক স্বীকৃত? (ক) সামাজিক মূল্যবােধ (খ) ইতিবাচক মূল্যবােধ (গ) গণতান্ত্রিক মূল্যবােধ (ঘ) নৈতিক মূল্যবােধ উত্তর: (খ) ইতিবাচক মূল্যবােধ ৯২। কে কর্তব্যের নৈতিকতার ধারণা প্রবর্তন করেন? (ক) হ্যান্ড উইলসন (খ) এডওয়ার্ড ওসবর্ন উইলসন (গ) জন স্টুয়ার্ট মিল (ঘ) ইমানুয়েল কান্ট উত্তর: (খ) এডওয়ার্ড ওসবর্ন উইলসন ৯৩। সভ্যতার অন্যতম প্রতিচ্ছবি হলাে— (ক) সুশাসন (খ) রাষ্ট্র (গ) নৈতিকতা (ঘ) সমাজ উত্তর: (ঘ) সমাজ ৯৪। সুশাসন চারটি স্তম্ভের ওপর নির্ভরশীল।এই অভিমত কােন সংস্থা প্রকাশ করে? (ক) জাতিসংঘ (খ) জাতিসংঘ উন্নয়ন কর্মসূচি (গ) বিশ্বব্যাংক (ঘ) এশিয়া উন্নয়ন ব্যাংক উত্তর: (গ) বিশ্বব্যাংক ৯৫। ‘Political Ideals গ্রন্থের লেখক কে? (ক) মেকিয়াভেলি (খ) রাসেল (গ) প্লেটো (ঘ) এরিস্টটল উত্তর: (খ) রাসেল ৯৬। গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশের সংবিধানের কোন অনুচ্ছেদে জনস্বাস্থ্য ও নৈতিকতার বিষয়টি আলােচিত হয়েছে? (ক) অনুচ্ছেদ ১৩ (খ) অনুচ্ছেদ ১৮ (গ) অনুচ্ছেদ ২০ (ঘ) অনুচ্ছেদ ২৫ উত্তর: (খ) অনুচ্ছেদ ১৮ ৯৭। মূল্যবােধের গুরুত্বপূর্ণবৈশিষ্ট্য হলাে- (ক) বিভিন্নতা (খ) পরিবর্তনশীলতা (গ) আপেক্ষিকতা (ঘ) উপরের সবগুলােই উত্তর: (ঘ) উপরের সবগুলােই ৯৮। প্লেটো সদগুণ বলতে বুঝিয়েছেন- (ক) প্রজ্ঞা, সাহস, আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণ ও ন্যায় (খ) আত্মপ্রত্যয়, প্রেষণা ও নিয়ন্ত্রণ (গ) সুখ, ভালোত্ব ও প্রেম (ঘ) প্রজ্ঞা, আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণ, সুখ ও ন্যায় উত্তর: (ক) প্রজ্ঞা, সাহস, আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণ ও ন্যায় ৯৯। মূল্যবােধ দৃঢ় হয়- (ক) শিক্ষার মাধ্যমে (খ) সুশাসনের মাধ্যমে (গ) ধর্মের মাধ্যমে (ঘ) গণতন্ত্র চর্চার মাধ্যমে উত্তর: (ক) শিক্ষার মাধ্যমে ১০০। “রাষ্ট্রের সকল ক্ষেত্রে উন্নয়নের জন্য সুশাসন আবশ্যক।” কে এই উক্তি করেন? (ক) এইচ. ডি. স্টেইন (খ) জন স্মিথ (গ) মিশেল ক্যামডেসাস (ঘ) এম, ডব্লিউ, পমফ্রে উত্তর: (গ) মিশেল ক্যামডেসাস 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: Bangla ১০১। বাংলা ভাষায় প্রথম অভিধান সংকলন করেন কে? (ক) রামচন্দ্র বিদ্যাবাগীশ (খ) রাজশেখর বসু (গ) হরিচরণ দে (ঘ) অশােক মুখোপাধ্যায় উত্তর: (ক) রামচন্দ্র বিদ্যাবাগীশ ১০২। সবচেয়ে কম বয়সে কোন লেখক বাংলা একাডেমি পুরস্কার পান? (ক) শওকত আলী (খ) সেলিনা হােসেন (গ) আখতারুজ্জামান ইলিয়াস (ঘ) সৈয়দ শামসুল হক উত্তর: (ঘ) সৈয়দ শামসুল হক ১০৩। সবকিছু নষ্টদের অধিকারে যাবে’ গ্রন্থটির রচয়িতা কে? (ক) সৈয়দ আলী আহসান (খ) সুকান্ত ভট্টাচার্য (গ) হুমায়ুন আজাদ (ঘ) নির্মলেন্দু গুণ উত্তর: (গ) হুমায়ুন আজাদ ১০৪। ১৯৭১ সালে ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের ছাত্রমৃত্যুর প্রতিবাদে কোন উপাচার্য পদত্যাগ করেছিলেন? (ক) স্যার এ. এফ. রহমান (খ) রমেশচন্দ্র মজুমদার (গ) সৈয়দ সাজ্জাদ হোসায়েন (ঘ) বিচারপতি আবু সাঈদ চৌধুরী উত্তর: (ঘ) বিচারপতি আবু সাঈদ চৌধুরী ১০৫। তেভাগা আন্দোলনকেন্দ্রিক উপন্যাস কোনটি? (ক) অক্টোপাস (খ) কালাে বরফ (গ) ক্রীতদাসের হাসি (ঘ) নাঢ়াই উত্তর: (ঘ) নাঢ়াই ১০৬। কাৰ্জী নজরুল ইসলামের মােট ৫টি গ্রন্থ বিভিন্ন সময়ে ব্রিটিশ ঔপনিবেশিক সরকার বাজেয়াপ্ত করে। কোন বইটি প্রথম বাজেয়াপ্ত হয়? (ক) বিষের বাঁশি (খ) যুগবাণী (গ) ভাঙার গান (ঘ) প্রলয় শিখা উত্তর: (খ) যুগবাণী ১০৭। তারাশঙ্কর বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় বাংলাদেশের মুক্তিযুদ্ধ চলাকালেই এই মুক্তিযুদ্ধ নিয়ে একটি উপন্যাস রচনা করেছেন, যা ১৯৭২ সালে প্রকাশিত হয়। উপনাসটির নাম কী? (ক) চৈতালী ঘূর্ণি (খ) রতে অক্ষর (গ) বায়ান্ন বাজার তিপ্পান্ন গলি (ঘ) ১৯৭১ উত্তর: (ঘ) ১৯৭১ ১০৮। ‘সােমত্ত” শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে- (ক) সোপান (খ) সমর্থ (গ) সােল্লাস (ঘ) সওয়াব উত্তর: (খ) সমর্থ ১০৯। মুক্তিযুদ্ধভিত্তিক নাটক কোনটি? (ক) ছেড়াতার (খ) ঢাকা (গ) বাকী ইতিহাস (ঘ) কী চাহ হে শঙ্খচিল উত্তর: (ঘ) কী চাহ হে শঙ্খচিল ১১০। নিঃশ্বাসের স্বল্পতম প্রয়াসে উচ্চারিত ধ্বনি বা ধ্বনিগুচ্ছকে কী বলে? (ক) যৌগিক ধ্বনি (খ) অক্ষর (গ) বর্ণ (ঘ) মৌলিক স্বরধ্বনি উত্তর: (খ) অক্ষর ১১১। ইংরেজি ভাষায় জীবনানন্দ দাশের ওপর গ্রন্থ লিখেছেন কে? (ক) ডব্লিউ বি ইয়েটস (খ) ক্লিনটন বি সিলি (গ) অরুন্ধতী রায় (ঘ) অমিতাভ ঘােষ উত্তর: (খ) ক্লিনটন বি সিলি ১১২। বাবা ছেলের দীর্ঘায়ু কামনা করলেন’-এই পরোক্ষ উক্তির প্রত্যক্ষ রূপ হবে- (ক) বাবা ছেলেকে বললেন, বাবা তুমি দীর্ঘজীবী হও (খ) বাবা ছেলেকে বললেন যে, তােমার দীর্ঘায়ু হোক (গ) বাবা ছেলেকে বললেন, ‘তুমি দীর্ঘজীবী হও’ (ঘ) বাবা ছেলেকে বললেন যে, আমি তোমার দীর্ঘায়ু কামনা করি উত্তর: (গ) বাবা ছেলেকে বললেন, ‘তুমি দীর্ঘজীবী হও’ ১১৩। গ্রামবার্তা প্রকাশিকা’ পত্রিকাটি কোন স্থান থেকে প্রকাশিত ? (ক) ঢাকার পল্টন (খ) নওগাঁর পতিসর (গ) কুষ্টিয়ার কুমারখালী (ঘ) ময়মনসিংহের ত্রিশাল উত্তর: (গ) কুষ্টিয়ার কুমারখালী ১১৪। জীবনী সাহিত্যের ধারা গড়ে ওঠে কাকে কেন্দ্র করে? (ক) চৈতন্যদেব (খ) কাহ্নপা (গ) বিদ্যাপতি (ঘ) রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংসদেব উত্তর: (ক) চৈতন্যদেব ১১৫। ‘পরানের গহীন ভিতর’ কাব্যের কবি কে? (ক) অসীম সাহ (খ) অরুণ বসু (গ) আবু জাফর ওবায়দুল্লাহ (ঘ) সৈয়দ শামসুল হক উত্তর: (ঘ) সৈয়দ শামসুল হক ১১৬। এবার আমার একটি বিচিত্র অভিজ্ঞতা হলাে—এ বাক্য কোন ধরনের? (ক) অনুজ্ঞাবাচক (খ) নির্দেশাত্মক (গ) বিষ্ময়বোধক (ঘ) প্রশ্নবােধক উত্তর: (খ) নির্দেশাত্মক ১১৭। ভাষা আন্দোলন নিয়ে লেখা কবিতা কোনটি? (ক) হলি (খ) তোমাকে অভিবাদন প্রিয়া (গ) সােনালি কাবিন (ঘ) স্মৃতিস্তম্ভ উত্তর: (ঘ) স্মৃতিস্তম্ভ ১১৮। ধ্বনিতত্ত্ব ও শব্দতত্ত্বকে যথাযথভাবে ব্যবহার করার বিধানের নামই – (ক) রসতত্ত্ব (খ) রূপতত্ত্ব (গ) বাক্যতত্ত্ব (ঘ) ক্রিয়ার কাল উত্তর: (গ) বাক্যতত্ত্ব ১১৯। কোন বানানটি শুদ্ধ? (ক) মনোকষ্ট (খ) মনঃকষ্ট (গ) মণকষ্ট (খ) মনকস্ট উত্তর: (খ) মনঃকষ্ট ১২০। প্রচুর + য = প্রাচুর্য। কোন প্রত্যয়। (ক) কৃৎ প্রত্যয় (খ) তদ্ধিত প্রত্যয় (গ) বাংলা কৃৎ প্রত্যয় (ঘ) সংস্কৃত কৃৎপ্রত্যয় উত্তর: (খ) তদ্ধিত প্রত্যয় ১২১। ব্যঞ্জন ধ্বনির সংক্ষিপ্ত রূপকে বলে- (ক) রেফ (খ) হসঃ (গ) কার (ঘ) ফলা উত্তর: (ঘ) ফলা ১২২। পাঁচালিকার হিসেবে সর্বাধিক খ্যাতি কার ছিল? (ক) দাশরথি রায় (খ) রামনিধি গুপ্ত (গ) ফকির গরীবুল্লাহ (ঘ) রামরাম বসু উত্তর: (ক) দাশরথি রায় ১২৩। চারণকবি হিসেবে বিখ্যাত কে? (ক) আলাওল (খ) চন্দ্রাবতী (গ) মুকুন্দদাস (ঘ) মুক্তারাম চক্রবর্তী উত্তর: (গ) মুকুন্দদাস ১২৪। রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের ‘নষ্টনীড়’ গল্পের একটি বিখ্যাত চরিত্র- (ক) বিনােদিনী (খ) হৈমন্তী (গ) আশালতা (ঘ) চারুলতা উত্তর: (ঘ) চারুলতা ১২৫। উপমান কর্মধারয় সমাসের উদাহরণ কোনটি? (ক) শশব্যস্ত (খ) কালচক্র (গ) পরাণপাখি (ঘ) বহুব্রীহি উত্তর: (ক) শশব্যস্ত ১২৬। অপিনিহিতির উদাহরণ কোনটি? (ক) জন্ম>জম্ম (খ) আজি>আইজ (গ) ডেস্ক>ডেস্ক (ঘ) অলাবু>লাবু>লাউ উত্তর: (খ) আজি>আইজ ১২৭। কুসীদজীবী’ বলতে কাদের বুঝায়? (ক) চারণকবি (খ) সাপুড়ে (গ) সুদখাের (ঘ) কৃষিজীবী উত্তর: (গ) সুদখাের ১২৮। অভাব অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে কোন উপসর্গটি? (ক) অকাজ (খ) আবছায়া (গ) আলুনি (ঘ) নিখুঁত উত্তর: (গ) আলুনি ১২৯। চর্যাপদের টীকাকারের নাম ? (ক) মীননাথ (খ) প্রবোধচন্দ্র বাগচী (গ) হরপ্রসাদ শাহ (ঘ) মুনিদত্ত উত্তর: (ঘ) মুনিদত্ত ১৩০। কোন বানানটি শুদ্ধ? (ক) পুরষ্কার (খ) আবিস্কার (গ) সময়পোযোগী (ঘ) স্বত্ব উত্তর: (ঘ) স্বত্ব ১৩১। উনসত্তরের গণ-অভ্যূত্থানের পটভূমিকায় লেখা উপন্যাস কোনটি? (ক) ভূমিপুত্র (খ) মাটির জাহাজ (গ) কাটাতারে প্রজাপতি (ঘ) চিলেকোঠার সেপাই উত্তর: (ঘ) চিলেকোঠার সেপাই ১৩২। বিধবার প্রেম নিয়ে রচিত উপন্যাস কোনটি? (ক) শরৎ চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের শেষ প্রশ্ন (খ) রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের ‘চোখের বালি (গ) কাজী নজরুল ইসলামের কুহেলিকা (ঘ) বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের কপালকুণ্ডলা উত্তর: (খ) রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের ‘চোখের বালি ১৩৩। জেলে জীবন কেন্দ্রিক উপন্যাস কোনটি? (ক) গঙ্গা (খ) পুতুলনাচের ইতিকথা (গ) হাঁসুলী বাঁকের উপকথা (ঘ) গৃহদাহ উত্তর: (ক) গঙ্গা ১৩৪। ডিঙি টেনে বের করতে হবে। কোন ধরনের বাক্যের উদাহরণ। (ক) কর্মবাচ্য (খ) ভাববাচ্য (গ) যৌগিক (ঘ) কর্মকর্তৃবাচ্য উত্তর: (খ) ভাববাচ্য ১৩৫। বাংলা সাহিত্যে কালকূট নামে পরিচিত কোন লেখক? (ক) সমরেশ মজুমদার (খ) শওকত ওসমান (গ) সমরেশ বসু (ঘ) আলাউদ্দিন আল আজাদ উত্তর: (গ) সমরেশ বসু 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: English ১৩৬। ‘Shylock’ is a character in the play- (ক) Twelfth Night (খ) The Merchant of Venice (গ) Romeo and Juliet (ঘ) Measure for Measure উত্তর: (খ) The Merchant of Venice ১৩৭। ‘Vanity Fair’ is a novel written by- (ক) D. H. Lawrence (খ) William Makepeace Thackeray (গ) Joseph Conrad (ঘ) Virginia Woolf উত্তর: (খ) William Makepeace Thackeray ১৩৮। ‘Pip’ is the protagonist in Charles Dickens’ novel- (ক) A Christmas Carol (খ) A Tale of Two Cities (গ) Oliver Twist (ঘ) Great Expectations উত্তর: (ঘ) Great Expectations Exp: Philip Pirrip, called Pip, is the protagonist and narrator in Charles Dickens’s novel Great Expectations (1861). He is amongst the most popular characters in English literature. Pip narrates his story many years after the events of the novel take place. ১৩৯। ‘Lady Chatterley’s Lover’ was written by the author of – (ক) Lord Jim (খ) The Rainbow (গ) Ulysses (ঘ) A Passage to India উত্তর: (খ) The Rainbow ১৪০। Identify the word that can be used as both singular and plural: (ক) wood (খ) issue (গ) fish (ঘ) light উত্তর: (গ) fish ১৪১।Find out the correct passive form of the sentence ‘Who taught you French? (ক)By whom you were taught French? (খ) By whom French was taught you? (গ) French was taught you by whom? (ঘ) By whom were you taught French? উত্তর: (ঘ) By whom were you taught French? ১৪২।The old man was tired of walking.’ Here ‘walking is a/an- (ক) present participle (খ) adjective (গ) common noun (ঘ) gerund উত্তর: (ঘ) gerund ১৪৩।Which one is a correct sentence? (ক) The doctor found my pulse. (খ) The doctor took my pulse. (গ) The doctor examined my pulse. (ঘ) The doctor saw my pulse. উত্তর: (খ) The doctor took my pulse. ১৪৪। ‘I will not let you go.’ In this sentence ‘go’ is a/an- (ক) infinitive (খ) gerund (গ) participle (ঘ) verbal noun উত্তর: (ক) infinitive ১৪৫।When Ushashi entered ——the room everybody stopped talking. (ক) into (খ) in (গ) to (ঘ) no preposition required উত্তর: (ঘ) no preposition required ১৪৬।The play The Birthday Party is written by- (ক) Samuel Beckett (খ) Henry Livings (গ) Harold Pinter (ঘ) Arthur Miller উত্তর: (গ) Harold Pinter ১৪৭।Who is the author of the first scientific romance The Time Machine? (ক) H. G. Wells (খ) Samuel Butler (গ) Henry James (ঘ) George Moore উত্তর: (ক) H. G. Wells ১৪৮। ‘Call me if you have any problems regarding your work. Here ‘regarding’ is a/an- (ক) gerund (খ) apposition (গ) preposition (ঘ) conjunction উত্তর: (গ) preposition ১৪৯।Seleet the correct comparative form of the sentence- “A string of pearls was not so bright as her teeth”. (ক) Her teeth was more brighter than a string of pearls. (খ) Her teeth were brighter than a string of pearls. (গ) A string of pearls was brighter than her teeth. (ঘ) A string of pearls were very bright than her teeth. উত্তর: (খ) Her teeth were brighter than a string of pearls. ১৫০।”Come on, it’s time to go home. Here ‘home’ is a/an- (ক) noun (খ ) verb (গ) adjective (ঘ) adverb উত্তর: (ঘ) adverb ১৫১। ‘Huffing and puffing, we arrived at the classroom door with only seven seconds to spare. In this sentence the verb ‘arrived’ is- (ক) intransitive (খ) transitive (গ) causative (ঘ) defective উত্তর: (ক) intransitive ১৫২।Which one of the following is a common gender? (ক) king (খ) sovereign (গ) emperor (ঘ) queen উত্তর: (খ) sovereign ১৫৩।To win a prize is my ambition. The underlined part of the Sentence is a/an- (ক) adjective phrase (খ) noun phrase (গ) adverb phrase (ঘ) conjunctional phrase উত্তর: (খ) noun phrase ১৫৪।Choose the word opposite in meaning to ‘terse: (ক) concise (খ) detailed (গ)expressive (ঘ) descriptive উত্তর: (খ) detailed Exp: ‘Terse’ means abruptly or brusquely short. The correct antonym is ‘detailed’ which means complete and thorough. ১৫৫।”Who’s that? In this sentence that is a/an- (ক) pronoun (খ) conjunction (গ) adjective (ঘ) adverb উত্তর: (ক) pronoun ১৫৬।What is the noun form of the word ‘know’? (ক) knowing (খ) knowledge (গ) knowledgeable (ঘ) known উত্তর: (খ) knowledge ১৫৭।‘Why, then, ’tis none to you, for there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it s ’. This extract is taken from the drama – (ক) King Lear (খ) Macbeth (গ) As You Like It (ঘ) Hamlet উত্তর: (ঘ) Hamlet ১৫৮।”Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive to seek, to find, and not to yield’ is taken from the poem written by – (ক) Robert Browning (খ) Matthew Arnold (গ) Alfred Tennyson (ঘ) Lord Byron উত্তর: (গ) Alfred Tennyson ১৫৯।”Give somebody a piece of your mind’ means to- (ক) tell someone that you are very angry with them. (খ) say exactly what you feel or think. (গ) return or to help somebody return to a normal situation. (ঘ) give somebody mental peace. উত্তর: (ক) tell someone that you are very angry with them. ১৬০। ‘I shall help you provided you obey me. Here the underlined word is a/an- (ক) adverb (খ) adjective (গ) conjunction (ঘ) verb উত্তর: (গ) conjunction ১৬১।Identify the correct spelling: (ক) questionaire (খ) questionoir (গ) questionnaire (ঘ) questionair উত্তর: (গ) questionnaire ১৬২।Which ‘but’ is a preposition? (ক) It is but right to admit our faults. (খ) What can we do but sit and wait? (গ) We tried hard, but did not succeed. (ঘ) There is no one but likes him. উত্তর: (খ) What can we do but sit and wait? ১৬৩।Who is not a romantic poet? (ক) P. B. Shelley (খ) S.T. Coleridge (গ) John Keats (ঘ) T. S. Eliot উত্তর: (ঘ) T. S. Eliot ১৬৪।In Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, Hamlet was prince of – (ক) Norway (খ) Britain (গ) Denmark (ঘ) France উত্তর: (গ) Denmark ১৬৫।Adela Quested and Mrs. Moore are characters from the novel – (ক) David Copperfield (খ) The Return of the Native (গ) A Passage to India (ঘ) Adam Bede উত্তর: (গ) A Passage to India ১৬৬।Time held me green and dying, Though I sang in my chains like the sea. These lines have been quoted from Dylan Thomas’ poem – (ক) The Flower (খ) Fem Hill (গ) By Fire (ঘ) After the Funeral উত্তর: (খ) Fem Hill ১৬৭।One whose attitude is ‘eat, drink and be merry is- (ক) materialistic (খ) epicurean (গ) cynic (ঘ) stoic উত্তর: (খ) epicurean ১৬৮।’Was this the face that launch’d a thousand ships. And burnt the topless towers of Ilium? Who speaks the famous lines? (ক) Caesar (খ) Antony (গ) Faustus (ঘ) Romeo উত্তর: (গ) Faustus ১৬৯।The Character ‘Alfred Doolittle’ is taken from Shaw’s play titled- (ক) Pygmalion (খ) Man and Superman (গ) The Doctor’s Dilemma (ঘ) Mrs. Warren’s Profession উত্তর: (ক) Pygmalion ১৭০।The poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ is written by- (ক) W. B. Yeats (খ) T. S. Eliot (গ) Walter Scott (ঘ) Robert Browning উত্তর: (খ) T. S. Eliot 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: Bangladesh ১৭১। বঙ্গবন্ধুকে কখন জুলিও কুরী শান্তি পুরস্কার প্রদান করা হয়? (ক) ২০ মে ১৯৭২ (খ) ২১ মে ১৯৭২ (গ) ২২ মে ১৯৭২ (ঘ) ২৩ মে ১৯৭২ উত্তর: Exp: ১০ অক্টোবর ১৯৭২ সালে বিশ্ব শান্তি পরিষদের প্রেসিডেন্সিয়াল কমিটির সভায় পৃথিবীর ১৪০টি দেশের এই পরিষদের ২০০ প্রতিনিধির উপস্থিতিতে বঙ্গবন্ধুকে জুলিও কুরি শান্তি পদক প্রদানের সিদ্ধান্ত গৃহীত হয়। শোষিত ও বঞ্চিত জনগণের অধিকার আদায়ের সংগ্রামে তথা বিশ্ব শান্তি প্রতিষ্ঠায় বঙ্গবন্ধুর অসাধারণ অবদানের স্বীকৃতি হিসেবে বিশ্ব শান্তি পরিষদের সর্বোচ্চ সম্মান ‘জুলিও কুরি’ পুরস্কারে ভূষিত করা ছিল তৎকালীন বিশ্ব পরিস্থিতিতে অসামান্য একটি ঘটনা। পরের বছর ১৯৭৩ সালের ২৩ মে বিশ্ব শান্তি পরিষদের উদ্যোগে ঢাকায় অনুষ্ঠিত এশীয় শান্তি সম্মেলনে বঙ্গবন্ধুকে ‘জুলিও কুরি’ পদক প্রদান করেন ওই পরিষদের সেক্রেটারি জেনারেল রমেশ চন্দ্র। ১৭২। ঐতিহাসিক ছয় দফা দাবিতে যে বিষয়টি অন্তর্ভুক্ত ছিল না। – (ক) শাসনতান্ত্রিক কাঠামো (খ) কেন্দ্রীয় সরকারের ক্ষমতা (গ) স্বতন্ত্র মুদ্রা ব্যবস্থা (ঘ) বিচার ব্যবস্থা উত্তর: (ঘ) বিচার ব্যবস্থা ১৭৩। মাৎস্যন্যায় বাংলার কােন সময়কাল নির্দেশ করে? (ক) ৫ম-৬ষ্ঠ শতক (খ) ৬ষ্ঠ-৭ম শতক (গ) ৭ম-৮ম শতক (ঘ) ৮ম-৯ম শতক উত্তর: (গ) ৭ম-৮ম শতক ১৭৪। বাংলার কোন সুলতানের শাসনামলকে স্বর্ণযুগ বলা হয়? (ক) শামসুদীন ইলিয়াস শাহ (খ) নাসিরুদ্দীন মাহমুদ শাহ (গ) আলাউদ্দিন হােসেন শাহ (ঘ) গিয়াসউদ্দিন আজম শাহ উত্তর: (গ) আলাউদ্দিন হােসেন শাহ ১৭৫। ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় প্রতিষ্ঠায় কে অগ্রণী ভূমিকা পালন করেন? (ক) নওয়াব আবদুল লতিফ (খ) সার সৈয়দ আহমেদ (গ) নওয়াব স্যার সলিমুল্লাহ (ঘ) খাজা নাজিমুদ্দিন উত্তর: (গ) নওয়াব স্যার সলিমুল্লাহ ১৭৬। ভাষা আন্দোলনের সময় পাকিস্তানের প্রধানমন্ত্রী কে ছিলেন? (ক) খাজা নাজিম উদ্দীন (খ) নুরুল আমিন (গ) লিয়াকত আলী খান (ঘ) মোহাম্মদ আলী জিন্নাহ উত্তর: (ক) খাজা নাজিম উদ্দীন ১৭৭। আলুটিলা প্রাকৃতিক গুহা কোথায় অবস্থিত? (ক) খাগড়াছড়ি জেলায় (খ) রাঙ্গামাটি জেলায় (গ) বন্দরবান জেলায় (ঘ) কক্সবাজার জেলায় উত্তর: (ক) খাগড়াছড়ি জেলায় ১৭৮। বাংলায় সেন বংশের (১০৭০-১২৩০ খ্রিষ্টাব্দ) শেষ শাসনকর্তা কে ছিলেন? (ক) হেমন্ত সেন (খ) বল্লাল সেন (গ) লক্ষণ সেন (ঘ) কেশব সেন উত্তর: (ঘ) কেশব সেন Exp: সেন বংশ: হেমন্ত সেন (১০৯৭) বিজয় সেন (১০৯৭-১১৬০) বল্লাল সেন (১১৬০-১১৭৮) লক্ষ্মন সেন (১১৭৮-১২০৬) বিশ্বরূপ সেন (১২০৬-১২২০) কেশব সেন (১২২০-১২৫০) ১৭৯। বাংলার সর্বপ্রাচীন জনপদের নাম ? (ক) পুন্ড্র (খ) তাম্রলিপ্তি (গ) গৌড় (ঘ) হরিকেল উত্তর: (ক) পুন্ড্র ১৮০। কাগমারী সম্মেলন অনুষ্ঠিত হয়- (ক) রোজ গার্ডেনে (খ) সিরাজগঞ্জে (গ) সন্তোষে (ঘ) সুনামগঞ্জে উত্তর: (গ) সন্তোষে ১৮১। মুক্তিযুদ্ধকালে কোলকাতার ৮, থিয়েটার রোডে বাংলাদেশ বাহিনী কখন গঠন করা হয়? (ক) এপ্রিল ১০, ১৯৭১ (খ) এপ্রিল ১১, ১৯৭১ (গ) এপ্রিল ১২, ১৯৭১ (ঘ) এপ্রিল ১৩, ১৯৭১ উত্তর: (খ) এপ্রিল ১১, ১৯৭১ ১৮২। কোন অনুচ্ছেদ বলে বাংলাদেশের সংবিধানের মৌলিক বিধানাবলী পবিবর্তনযােগ্য নয়? (ক) অনুচ্ছেদ ৭ (খ) অনুচ্ছেদ ৭(ক) (গ) অনুচ্ছেদ ৭(খ) (ঘ) অনুচ্ছেদ ৮ উত্তর: (গ) অনুচ্ছেদ ৭(খ) ১৮৩। বাংলাদেশের সংবিধানের ত্রয়োদশ সংশােধনীর মূল বিষয় ছিল- (ক) বহুদলীয় ব্যবস্থা (খ) বাকশাল প্রতিষ্ঠা (গ) তত্ত্বাবধায়ক সরকার (ঘ) সংসদে মহিলা আসন উত্তর: (গ) তত্ত্বাবধায়ক সরকার ১৮৪। সংবিধানের চেতনার বিপরীতে সামরিক শাসনকে বৈধতা নিতে কোন তফসিলের অপব্যবহার করা হয়? (ক) ৪র্থ তফসিল (খ) ৫ম তফসিল (গ) ৬ষ্ঠ তফসিল (ঘ) ৭ম তফসিল উত্তর: (ক) ৪র্থ তফসিল ১৮৫। কোন উপজাতিটির আবাসমূল বিরিশি নেত্রকােনায়- (ক) সাঁওতাল (খ) গারো (গ) খাসিয়া (ঘ) মুরং উত্তর: (খ) গারো ১৮৬। বাংলাদেশের বাণিজ্য ভারসাম্য কিভাবে রক্ষা হয়? (ক) IDA credit-এর মাধ্যমে (খ) IMF-এর bailout package-এর মাধ্যমে (গ) প্রবাসীদের পাঠানাে rermittunce-এর মাধ্যমে (ঘ) বিশ্ব ব্যাংকের budgetary support-এর মাধ্যমে উত্তর: (খ) IMF-এর bailout package-এর মাধ্যমে ১৮৭। অবিভক্ত বাংলার সর্বপ্রথম রাজা কাকে বলা হয়? (ক) অশােক (খ) শশাঙ্ক (গ) মেগদা (ঘ) পাল উত্তর: (খ) শশাঙ্ক ১৮৮। বঙ্গভঙ্গ রদ কে ঘােষণা করেন? (ক) লর্ড কার্জন (খ) রাজা পঞ্চম জর্জ (গ) লর্ড মাউন্টব্যাটেন (ঘ) লর্ড ওয়াডেল উত্তর: (খ) রাজা পঞ্চম জর্জ ১৮৯। ঢাকা শহরের গােড়াপত্তন হয়- (ক) ব্রিটিশ আমলে (খ) সুলতানি আমলে (গ) মুঘল আমলে (ঘ) স্বাধীন নবাবী আমলে উত্তর: (গ) মুঘল আমলে ১৯০। স্টিভ চেন ও চাড হারলির সাথে যৌথভাবে কোন বাংলাদেশী ইউটিউব (YouTube) প্রতিষ্ঠা করেন? (ক) জাবেদ করিম (খ) ফজলুল করিম (গ) জওয়ানুল করিম (ঘ) মঞ্জুরুল করিম উত্তর: (ক) জাবেদ করিম ১৯১। পাকিস্তান কবে বাংলাদেশকে একটি সার্বভৌম রাষ্ট্র হিসেবে স্বীকৃতি দেয়? (ক) ফেব্রুয়ারি ২০, ১৯৭৪ (খ) ফেব্রুয়ারি ২১, ১৯৭৪ (গ) ফেব্রুয়ারি ২২, ১৯৭৪ (ঘ) ফেয়ারি ২৩, ১৯৭৪ উত্তর: (গ) ফেব্রুয়ারি ২২, ১৯৭৪ ১৯২। কে বীরশ্রেষ্ঠ নন? (ক) হামিদুর রহমান (খ) মোস্তফা কামাল (গ) মুন্সী আব্দুর রহিম (ঘ) নূর মােহাম্মদ শেখ উত্তর: (গ) মুন্সী আব্দুর রহিম ৯৩। বাংলাদেশে প্রথম সাধারণ নির্বাচন কখন অনুষ্ঠিত হয়? (ক) ৭ মার্চ ১৯৭৩ (খ) ১৭ মার্চ ১৯৭৩ (গ) ২৭ মার্চ ১৯৭৩ (ঘ) ৭ মার্চ ১৯৭৪ উত্তর: (ক) ৭ মার্চ ১৯৭৩ ১৯৪। প্রান্তিক হ্রদ কোন জেলায় অবস্থিত? (ক) রাঙ্গামাটি (খ) খাগড়াছড়ি (গ) বান্দরবান (গ) সিলেট উত্তর: (গ) বান্দরবান ১৯৫। লাহোরে অনুষ্ঠিত OIC শীর্ষ সম্মেলনে বঙ্গবন্ধু কবে যােগদান করেন? (ক) ২০-২১ ফেব্রুেয়ারি ১৯৭৪ (খ) ২৩-২৪ ফেব্রুয়ারি ১৯৭৪ (গ) ২৫-২৬ ক্ৰেয়ারি ১৯৭৪ (ঘ) ২৭-২৮ ফেব্রুয়ারি ১৯৭৪ উত্তর: (খ) ২৩-২৪ ফেব্রুয়ারি ১৯৭৪ ১৯৬। বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় সংসদের প্রথম সংসদ নেতা কে? (ক) বঙ্গবন্ধু শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান (খ) মোহাম্মদ উল্লাহ (গ) তাজউদ্দিন আহমদ (ঘ) ক্যাপ্টেন এম মনসুর আলী উত্তর: (ক) বঙ্গবন্ধু শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান ১৯৭। সংবিধানের কোন অনুচ্ছেদের আলােকে বাংলাদেশের বৈদেশিক নীতি পরিচালিত হয়? (ক) অনুচ্ছেদ ২২ (খ) অনুচ্ছেদ ২৩ (গ) অনুচ্ছেদ ২৪ (ঘ) অনুচ্ছেদ ২৫ উত্তর: (ঘ) অনুচ্ছেদ ২৫ ১৯৮। বাংলাদেশের সর্বদক্ষিণে কােনটি অবস্থিত? (ক) দক্ষিণ তালপট্টি (খ) নিঝুম দ্বীপ (গ) সেন্টমার্টিন (ঘ) ভোলা উত্তর: (গ) সেন্টমার্টিন ১৯৯। বাংলাদেশের সীমান্তবর্তী ভারতের রাজ্য কয়টি? (ক) ৩টি (খ) ৪টি (গ) ৫টি (ঘ) ৬টি উত্তর: (গ) ৫টি ২০০। কোন বীরশ্রেষ্টের দেহাবশেষ বাংলাদেশে এনে বীরশ্রেষ্ঠ মতিউর রহমানের কবরের পাশে সমাহিত করা হয়? (ক) সিপাহী মোস্তফা কামাল (খ) ল্যান্স নায়েক মুন্সি আবদুর রউফ (গ) ল্যান্স নায়েক নূর মােহাম্মদ শেখ (ঘ) সিপাহী হামিদুর রহমান উত্তর: (ঘ) সিপাহী হামিদুর রহমান 40 BSC Preliminary examination question solution 2019 Bengali Language and Literature 35 ১। বাক্যের ক্রিয়ায় সাথে অন্যান্য পদের যে সম্পর্ক তাকে কী বলে? (ক) বিভক্তি (খ) কারক (গ) প্রত্যয় (ঘ) অনুসর্গ উত্তর: (খ) কারক Exp: কৃ + নক = ক্রিয়াপদের সাথে সম্পর্ক ২। গীর্জা’ কোন ভাষার অন্তর্গত শব্দ? (ক) ফারসী (খ) পর্তুগীজ (গ) ওলন্দাজ (ঘ) পাঞ্জাবী উত্তর: (খ) পর্তুগীজ ৩। কোন শব্দযুগল বিপরীতা্র্থক নয়? (ক) ঐচ্ছিক-অনাবশ্যক (খ) কুটিল-সরল (গ) কম-বেশী (ঘ) কদাচার-সদাচার উত্তর: (ক) ঐচ্ছিক-অনাবশ্যক ৪। দ্বারা, দিয়া , কর্তৃক-বাংলা ব্যাকরণ অনুযায়ী কোন বিভক্তি? (ক) তৃতীয়া বিভক্তি (খ) প্রথমা বিভক্তি (গ) দ্বিতীয়া বিভক্তি (ঘ) শূন্য বিভক্তি উত্তর: (ক) তৃতীয়া বিভক্তি ৫। অভিরাম’ শব্দের অর্থ কী? (ক) বিরামহীন (খ) বালিশ (গ) চলন (ঘ) সুন্দর উত্তর: (ঘ) সুন্দর ৬। শরতের শিশির-বাগধারা শব্দটির অর্থ কী? (ক) সুসময়ের বন্ধু (খ) সুসময়ের সঞ্চয় (গ) শরতের শোভা (ঘ) শরতের শিউলি ফুল উত্তর: (ক) সুসময়ের বন্ধু ৭। শিব রাত্রির সলতে-বাগধারাটির অর্থ কী? (ক) শিবরাত্রির আলো (খ) একমাত্র সঞ্চয় (গ) একমাত্র সন্তান (ঘ) শিবরাত্রির গুরুত্ব উত্তর: (গ) একমাত্র সন্তান ৮। “প্রােষিতভর্তৃকা”-শব্দটির অর্থ কী? (ক) ভসনাপ্রাপ্ত তরুণী (খ) যে নারীর স্বামী বিদেশে অবস্থান করে (গ) ভূমিতে প্রােথিত তরুমূল (ঘ) যে বিবাহিতা নারী পিত্রালয়ে অবস্থান করে উত্তর: (খ) যে নারীর স্বামী বিদেশে অবস্থান করে ৯। বাংলা কৃৎ-প্রত্যয় সাধিত শব্দ কোনটি? (ক) কারক (খ) লিখিত (গ) বেদনা (ঘ) খেলনা উত্তর: (খ) লিখিত, (ঘ) খেলনা ∙লিখ +ক্ত = লিখিত, ∙খেল+অনা = খেলনা ১০। ‘Attested’-এর বাংলা পরিভাষা কোনটি? (ক) সত্যায়িত (খ) প্রত্যয়িত (গ) সত্যায়ন (ঘ) সংলগ্ন/সংলাপ উত্তর: (খ) প্রত্যয়িত Exp: Ref: উচ্চতর স্বনির্ভর বিশুদ্ধ ভাষা-শিক্ষা বাই ড. হায়াৎ মামুদ। চতুর্দশ সংস্করণ। পৃষ্ঠা- ২৭৭। ১১। কোনটি শুদ্ধ বানান? (ক) প্রজ্বল (খ) প্রোজ্জল (গ) প্রোজ্বল (ঘ) প্রোজ্জ্বল উত্তর: (ঘ) প্রোজ্জ্বল ১২। ‘জোছনা’ কোন শ্রেণীর শব্দ? (ক) যৌগিক (খ) তৎসম (গ) দেশী (ঘ) অর্ধ-তৎসম উত্তর: (ঘ) অর্ধ-তৎসম Exp: তবে ‘জোছনা’ অর্ধ-তৎসম হিসেবে বানান হবে- জোছ্না। (একটা হসন্ত যুক্ত হবে।) ১৩। “জিজীবিষা’ শব্দটি দিয়ে বােঝায় – (ক) জয়ের ইচ্ছা (খ) হত্যার ইচ্ছা (গ) বেঁচে থাকার ইচ্ছা (ঘ) শােনার ইচ্ছা উত্তর: (গ) বেঁচে থাকার ইচ্ছা ১৪। “সর্বাঙ্গীণ” শব্দের সঠিক প্রকৃতি-প্রত্যয় (ক) সর্বঙ্গ+ঈন (খ) সর্ব + অঙ্গীন (গ) সর্ব + ঙ্গীন (ঘ) সর্বাঙ্গ + ঈন উত্তর: (ঘ) সর্বাঙ্গ + ঈন ১৫। অন্যের রচনা থেকে চুরি করাকে বলা হয় – (ক) বেতসবৃত্তি (খ) পতঙ্গবৃত্তি (গ) জলৌকাবৃত্তি (ঘ) কুম্ভিলকবৃত্তি উত্তর: (ঘ) কুম্ভিলকবৃত্তি ১৬। উর্ণনাভ’—শব্দটি দিয়ে বুঝায় – (ক) টিকটিকি (খ) তেলেপােকা (গ) উইপােকা (ঘ) মাকড়সা উত্তর: (ঘ) মাকড়সা ১৭। চর্যাপদে কোন ধর্মমতের কথা আছে? (ক) খ্রীষ্টধর্ম (খ) প্যাগনিজম (গ) জৈনধর্ম (ঘ) বৌদ্ধধর্ম উত্তর: (ঘ) বৌদ্ধধর্ম ১৮। উল্লিখিতদের মধ্যে কে প্রাচীন যুগের কবি নন? (ক) কাহ্ণপাদ (খ) লুইপাদ (গ) শান্তিপাদ (ঘ) রমনীপাদ উত্তর: (ঘ) রমনীপাদ ১৯। উল্লিখিত কোন রচনাটি পুঁথি সাহিত্যের অন্তর্গত নয়? (ক) ময়মনসিংহ গীতিকা (খ) ইউসুফ-জুলেখা (গ) পদ্মাবতী (ঘ) লাইলী মজনু উত্তর: প্রশ্নে ঘাপলা আছে। ২০। জীবনীকাব্য রচনার জন্য বিখ্যাত (ক) ফকির গরীবুন্যাহ (খ) নরহরি চক্রবর্তী (গ) বিপ্রদাস পিপিলাই (ঘ) বৃন্দাবন দাস উত্তর: (ঘ) বৃন্দাবন দাস ২১। বৈষ্ণব পদাবলির সঙ্গে কোন ভাষা সম্পর্কিত? (ক) সন্ধ্যাভাষা (খ) অধিভাষা (গ) ব্রজবুলি (ঘ) সংস্কৃত ভাষা উত্তর: (গ) ব্রজবুলি ২২। বাংলা আধুনিক উপন্যাস-এর প্রবর্তক ছিলেন – (ক) রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর (খ) প্যারীচাঁদ মিত্র (গ) ঈশ্বরচন্দ্র বিদ্যাসাগর (ঘ) বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় উত্তর: (ঘ) বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় ২৩। “কিন্তু আরম্ভের পূর্বেও আরম্ভ আছে। সন্ধ্যা বেলায় দীপ জ্বালার আগে। সকাল বেলায় সলতে পাকানাে” – বাক্যদ্বয় কোন রচনা থেকে উদ্ধৃত? (ক) নৌকাডুবি (খ) চোখের বালি (গ) যােগাযােগ। (ঘ) শেষের কবিতা উত্তর: (গ) যােগাযােগ ২৪। মুক্তিযুদ্ধ ভিত্তিক উপন্যাস কোনটি? (ক) একটি কালাে মেয়ের কথা (খ) তেইশ নম্বর তৈলচিত্র (গ) আয়নামতির পালা (ঘ) ইছামতী উত্তর: (ক) একটি কালাে মেয়ের কথা Exp: একটি কালো মেয়ের কথা – তারাশঙ্কর বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় তেইশ নম্বর তৈলচিত্র – আলাউদ্দিন আল আজাদ ইছামতী – বিভূতিভূষণ বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় ২৫। কালাে বরফ’ উপন্যাসটির বিষয়: (ক) তেভাগা আন্দোলন (খ) ভাষা আন্দোলন (গ) মুক্তিযুদ্ধ (ঘ) দেশভাগ উত্তর: (ঘ) দেশভাগ কালো বরফ – মাহমুদুল হক ‘কালো বরফ’ উপন্যাসে দেশভাগের পটভূমি ব্যাপকভাবে উঠে এলেও লেখকের কাছে ছিচল্লিশের দাঙ্গা এবং সাতচল্লিশের দেশবিভাগ প্রাসঙ্গিক বলে কখনই মনে হয়নি। উপন্যাসে তাই আমরা দেখি শেকড় হারাবার বেদনায় তিনি বিমর্ষ, বারংবারই ঘুরে ফিরে দেখাতে চেয়েছেন তার ছিঁড়ে যাওয়ার রহস্য। রহস্য প্রাসাদের সদর কপাটও উন্মুক্ত করে দেন মাহমুদুল হক, দেশভাগের রক্তক্ষরণের ভাষিক শিল্পরুপ প্রকাশিত হয়। ২৬। ঢাকা প্রকাশ সাপ্তাহিক পত্রিকাটির সম্পাদক কে? (ক) কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র মজুমদার (খ) রামানন্দ চট্টোপাধ্যায় (গ) শামসুর রাহমান (ঘ) সিকান্দার আবু জাফর উত্তর: (ক) কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র মজুমদার ঢাকাপ্রকাশ বাংলাদেশের ঢাকা শহরের প্রথম বাংলা সংবাদপত্র যা বাংলা তারিখ ২৫ ফাল্গুন, ১২৬৭ (মার্চ ৭, ১৮৬১) প্রথম প্রকাশিত হয়। ২৭। ‘জীবনস্মৃতি’ কার রচনা? (ক) ঈশ্বরচন্দ্র বিদ্যাসাগর (খ) রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর (গ) বিভূতিভূষণ বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় (ঘ) রােকেয়া সাখাওয়াত হােসেন উত্তর: (খ) রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর ২৮। দীনবন্ধু মিলের ‘নীলদর্পণ’ নাটকটি ইংরেজিতে অনুবাদ করেন কে? (ক) প্যারীচাঁদ মিত্র (খ) মাইকেল মধুসূদন দত্ত (গ) প্রমথ চৌধুরী (ঘ) দ্বিজেন্দ্রলাল রায় উত্তর: (খ) মাইকেল মধুসূদন দত্ত ২৯। “সকালে উঠিয়া আমি মনে মনে বলি , সারাদিন আমি যেন ভালাে হয়ে চলি” চরণ দু’টির রচয়িতা কে? (ক) চণ্ডীচরণ মুনশী (খ) কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম (গ) রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর (ঘ) মদনমােহন তর্কালঙ্কার উত্তর: (ঘ) মদনমােহন তর্কালঙ্কার ৩০। জসীম উদ্দীনের রচনা কোনটি? (ক) যাদের দেখেছি (খ) পথে-প্রবাসে (গ) কাল নিরবধি (ঘ) ভবিষ্যতের বাঙালী উত্তর: (ক) যাদের দেখেছি Exp: পথে প্রবাসে – অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায় কাল নিরবধি – আনিসুজ্জামান ভবিষ্যতের বাঙালী- এস ওয়াজেদ আলী ৩১। ‘কিন্তু মনুষ্য কখনো পাষাণ হয় না’ – উক্তিটি কোন উপন্যাসের? (ক) রবীন্দ্রনাথের ‘চোখের বালি (খ) শরৎচন্দ্রের পথের দাবী’ (গ) শওকত ওসমানের ক্রীতদাসের হাসি (ঘ) বঙ্কিমচন্দ্রের ‘রাজসিংহ’ উত্তর: (খ) শরৎচন্দ্রের পথের দাবী’ ৩২। ইয়ংবেঙ্গল গােষ্ঠীভুক্ত ছিলেন কে? (ক) অক্ষয় কুমার দত্ত (খ) এন্টনি ফিরঙ্গি (গ) মাইকেল মধুসূদন দত্ত (ঘ) কলম্বিসাসিংহ ঠাকুর উত্তর: সঠিক উত্তর নেই। তবে মাইকেল মধুসূদন দত্তকে কিছুটা ধরা যায়। ৩৩।‘বিদ্রোহী’ কবিতাটি কোন সনে প্রথম প্রকাশিত হয়? (ক) ১৯২৩ সনে (খ) ১৯২১ সনে (গ) ১৯১৯ সনে (ঘ) ১৯১৮ সনে উত্তর: সঠিক উত্তর নেই। Exp: প্রথম প্রকাশিত হয় ১৯২২ সালের ৬ জানুয়ারি বিজলি পত্রিকায়। ৩৪। ‘আগুন পাখী ‘ – উপন্যাসটির রচয়িতা কে? (ক) রাহাত খান (খ) হাসান আজিজুল হক (গ) সেলিনা হােসেন (ঘ) ইমদাদুল হক মিলন উত্তর: (খ) হাসান আজিজুল হক ৩৫। একুশে ফেব্রুয়ারীর বিখ্যাত গানটির সুরকার কে? (ক) সুবীর সাহা (খ) সুধীন দাস (গ) আলতাফ মাহমুদ (ঘ) আলতাফ মামুন উত্তর: (গ) আলতাফ মাহমুদ English Language and Literature 35 ৩৬। Please write to me at the above address. The word ‘above in this sentence is a/an – (ক) noun (খ) adjective (গ) pronoun (ঘ) adverb উত্তর: (খ) adjective Exp: qualifying address (noun). ৩৭। In which sentence is the word ‘past’ used as a preposition? (ক) Writing letters is a thing of the past. (খ) I look back on the past without regret. (গ) I called out to him as he ran past. (ঘ) Tania was a wonderful singer, but she’s past her prime, উত্তর: (ঘ) Tania was a wonderful singer, but she’s past her prime, Exp: Past can be used as a preposition (followed by a noun): past + NP. ৩৮। The word ‘sibling’ means (ক) a brother (খ) a sister (গ) a brother or sister (ঘ) an infant উত্তর: (গ) a brother or sister ৩৯। Fill in the blank: As she was talking, he suddenly broke____, saying, ‘That’s a fie!” (ক) off (খ) in (গ) down (ঘ) into উত্তর: (খ) in Exp: break in = to interrupt someone’s conversation. ৪০। Fill in the blank: You may go for a walk if you feel _____ it. (ক) about (খ) on (গ) like (ঘ) for উত্তর: (গ) like Exp: Feel like = To have the urge or desire to do something. ৪১। Identify the word which is spelt incorrectly (ক) consciencious (খ) perseverance (গ) convalescence (ঘ) maintenance উত্তর: (ক) consciencious Exp: Consciencious > conscientious ৪২। ‘You look terrific in that dress!” The word ‘terrific’ in the above sentence means – (ক) excellent (খ) funny (গ) very ugly (ঘ) horrible উত্তর: (ক) excellent Exp: এখানে terrific তার আভিধানিক অর্থের পরিবর্তে Figurative Language হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। যা সম্পূর্ণ উল্টো অর্থ দিচ্ছে। ৪৩। Someone who is capricious is ______. (ক) easily irritated (খ) wise and willing to cooperate (গ) exceedingly conceited and arrogant (ঘ) known for sudden changes in attitude or behaviour উত্তর: (ঘ) known for sudden changes in attitude or behaviour ৪৪। Which one of the following Words is masculine? (ক) mare (খ) lad (গ) pillow (ঘ) pony উত্তর: (খ) lad ৪৫। A man whose wife has died is called a – (ক) widow (খ) widower (গ) spinster (ঘ) bachelor উত্তর: (খ) widower ৪৬। Which word is similar to appal? (ক) deceive (খ) confuse (গ) dismay (ঘ) solicit উত্তর: (গ) dismay ৪৭। Which word means the opposite of dearth? (ক) lack (খ) abundance (গ) poverty (ঘ) shortage উত্তর: (খ) abundance ৪৮। Identify the word which remains the same in its plural form? (ক) aircraft (খ) intention (গ) mouse (ঘ) thesis উত্তর: (ক) aircraft ৪৯। Identify the determiner in the following sentence ‘I have no news for you.’ (ক) have (খ) news (গ) no (ঘ) for উত্তর: (গ) no ৫০। ‘A lost opportunity never returns. Here lost’ is- (ক) gerund (খ) verbal noun (গ) gerundial infinitive (ঘ) participle উত্তর: (ঘ) participle ৫১। The saying ‘enough is enough’ is used when you want (ক) Something to continue (খ) something to stop (গ) something to continue until it’s enough (ঘ) to tell instructions are clear উত্তর: (খ) something to stop ৫২। ‘He ran with great speed.’ The underlined part of the sentence is a – (ক) noun phrase (খ) adverb phrase (গ) adjective phrase (ঘ) participle phrase উত্তর: (খ) adverb phrase Exp: qualifying ran(Verb). ৫৩। ‘We must not be late, else we will miss the train. This is a (ক) compound sentence (খ) complex sentence (গ) simple sentence (ঘ) interrogative sentence উত্তর: (ক) compound sentence Exp: Conjunctions that are used in compound sentences are and, but, or, for, nor, also, however, moreover, thus, so, therefore, else, still, as well as, accordingly, otherwise, yet, not yet, but also, either or, neither nor, on the contrary, etc. ৫৪। Change the voice ‘Who is calling me’? (ক) By whom am I called? (খ) By whom I am called? (গ) By whom am I being called? (ঘ) Whom am I called by? উত্তর: (গ) By whom am I being called? ৫৫। An extra message added at the end of a letter after it is signed is called – (ক) corrigendum (খ) postscript (গ) NB (ঘ) RSVP উত্তর: (খ) postscript ৫৬। ‘The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope is a/an (ক) epic (খ) ballad (গ) mock-heroic poem (ঘ) elegy উত্তর: (গ) mock-heroic poem ৫৭। Which of the following is not an American poet? (ক) Robert Frost (খ) W. B. Yeats (গ) Emily Dickinson (ঘ) Langston Hughes. উত্তর: (খ) W. B. Yeats Exp: William Butler Yeats (13 June 1865 – 28 January 1939) was an Irish poet and one of the foremost figures of 20th-century literature. ৫৮। William Shakespeare was born in – (ক) 1616 (খ) 1664 (গ) 1564 (ঘ) 1493 উত্তর: (গ) 1564 Exp: William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s greatest dramatist.He is often called England’s national poet and the “Bard of Avon”. ৫৯। Tennyson’s ‘In Memoriam’ is an elegy on the death of (ক) John Milton (খ) John Keats (গ) Arthur Henry Hallam (ঘ) Sydney Smith উত্তর: (গ) Arthur Henry Hallam ৬০। ‘Sweet Helen’ make me immortal with a kiss. The sentence has been taken from the play (ক) Romeo and Juliet (খ) Caesar and Cleopatra (গ) Doctor Faustus (ঘ) Antony and Cleopatra উত্তর: (গ) Doctor Faustus Exp: Doctor Faustus (Marlowe) ৬১। “What’s in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet – Who said this? (ক) Juliet (খ) Romeo (গ) Portia (ঘ) Rosalind উত্তর: (ক) Juliet Exp: William Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet, in which Juliet seems to argue that it does not matter that Romeo is from her family’s rival house of Montague, that is, that he is named “Montague”. Juliet compares Romeo to a rose saying that if he were not named Romeo he would still be handsome and be Juliet’s love. This states that if he were not Romeo, then he would not be a Montague and she would be able to get married with no problem at all. ৬২। ‘Man’s love is of man’s life a thing apart, `Tis woman’s whole existence.’- This is taken from the poem of’ (ক) P. B. Shelley (খ) Lord Byron (গ) John Keats (ঘ) Edinund Spense উত্তর: (খ) Lord Byron Exp: Extracts from Don Juan: Donna Julia’s Letter By Lord Byron (1788–1824)[From Canto I.] ৬৩। Boi Who translated the ‘Rubaiyát of Omar Khayyam into English? (ক) Thomas Carlyle (খ) Edward Fitzgerald (গ) D. G. Rossetti (ঘ) William Thackeray উত্তর: (খ) Edward Fitzgerald ৬৪। ‘Ulysses’ is a novel Written by – (ক) Joseph Conrad (খ) Thotias Hardy (গ) Charles Dickens (ঘ) James Joyce উত্তর: (ঘ) James Joyce ৬৫। The short story ‘The Diamond Necklace’ was written by – (ক) Guy de Maupassant (খ) O Henry (গ) Somerset Maugham (ঘ) George Orwell উত্তর: (ক) Guy de Maupassant ৬৬। All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.’ – Who said this? (ক) Macbeth (খ) Lady Macbeth (গ) Lady Madcuff (ঘ) Madcuff উত্তর: (খ) Lady Macbeth Exp: These dramatic words are uttered by Lady Macbeth in Act V, Scene 1, during a time when she is overwhelmed by guilt. ৬৭। ‘Where are the songs of Spring? Aye, where are they? Think not of them, thou hast thy music too.’ – Who wrote this? (ক) William Wordsworth (খ) Robert Browning (গ) John Keats (ঘ) Samuel Coleridge উত্তর: (গ) John Keats Exp: In poem- To Autumn. ৬৮। Who is the central character of ‘Wuthering Heights’, (ক) Mr. Earnishaw (খ) Catheritae (গ) Heathcliff (ঘ) Hindley Earshaw উত্তর: (গ) Heathcliff Exp: Wuthering Heights, Emily Brontë’s only novel, was published in 1847 under the pseudonym “Ellis Bell”. ৬৯। The old order changeth, yielding place to new.’- This line is extracted from Tennyson’s poem – (ক) The Lotos-Eaters (খ) Tithonus (গ) Locksley Hall. (ঘ) Morte d’ Arthur উত্তর: (ঘ) Morte d’ Arthur ৭০। Who wrote the poem ‘The Good-Morrow? (ক) George Herbert (খ) Andrew Marvell (গ) John Donne (ঘ) Henry Vaughan উত্তর: (গ) John Donne Bangladesh Affairs 30 ৭১। আলাউদ্দিন হোসেন শাহ কখন বৃহত্তর বাংলা শাসন করেন? (ক) ১৪৯৮-১৫১৬ খৃষ্টাব্দ (খ) ১৪৯৮-১৫১৭ খৃষ্টাব্দ (গ) ১৪৯৮-১৫১৮ খৃষ্টাব্দ (ঘ) ১৪৯৮-১৫১৯ খৃষ্টাব্দ উত্তর: সঠিক উত্তর নাই। Exp: তবে (ঘ) ১৪৯৮-১৫১৯ খৃষ্টাব্দ কাছাকাছি উত্তর ধরা যায়। কারণ আলাউদ্দিন হোসেন শাহ (শাসনকাল ১৪৯৪-১৫১৯)।তিনি ২৫ বছর শাসন করেন। ৭২। প্রাচীন বাংলা মৌর্য শাসনের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে? (ক) অশোক মৌর্য (খ) চন্দ্রগুপ্ত মৌর্য (গ) সমুদ্র গুপ্ত (ঘ) এর কোনটিই না উত্তর: (খ) চন্দ্রগুপ্ত মৌর্য ৭৩। ইউরােপীয় বণিকদের মধ্যে বাংলায় প্রথম এসেছিলেন – (ক) পর্তুগীজরা (খ) ইংরেজরা (গ) ওলন্দাজরা (ঘ) ফরাসিরা উত্তর: (ক) পর্তুগীজরা ৭৪। ১৯৭১ সালে মুক্তিযুদ্ধের সময় জাতিসংঘে কোন দেশ বাংলাদেশের পক্ষে ‘ভেটো’ প্রদান করেছিল? (ক) যুক্তরাজ্য (খ) ফ্রান্স (গ) যুক্তরাষ্ট্র (ঘ) সােভিয়েত ইভনিয়ন উত্তর: (ঘ) সােভিয়েত ইভনিয়ন Exp: প্রশ্নটায় একটা প্যাচ দেয়া আছে। প্রশ্নটার সাদামাটা অর্থ হচ্ছে- কোন দেশ বাংলাদেশের পক্ষ হয়ে লড়েছিল। ৭৫। বঙ্গবন্ধুর ঐতিহাসিক ৭ই মার্চের ভাষণ সংবিধানের কোন তফসিলে অন্তর্ভুক্ত করা হয়েছে? (ক) চতুর্থ তফসিল (খ) পঞ্চম তফসিল (গ) ষষ্ঠ তফসিল (ঘ) সপ্তম তফসিল উত্তর: (খ) পঞ্চম তফসিল ৭৬। বঙ্গভঙ্গকালে ভারতের ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন? (ক) লর্ড কার্জন (খ) লর্ড ওয়াভেল (গ) লর্ড মাউন্ট ব্যাটেন (ঘ) লর্ড লিনলিথগো উত্তর: (ক) লর্ড কার্জন ৭৭। বাংলাদেশের কোন বনভূমি শালবৃক্ষের জন্য বিখ্যাত? (ক) সিলেটের বনভুমি (খ) পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রামের বনভূমি (গ) ভাওয়াল ও মধুপুরের বনভূমি (খ) খুলনা, বরিশাল ও পটুয়াখালীর বনভূমি উত্তর: (গ) ভাওয়াল ও মধুপুরের বনভূমি ৭৮। বাংলাদেশে সবচেয়ে বেশী পাট উৎপন্ন হয় কোন জেলায়? (ক) ফরিদপুর (খ) রংপুর (গ) জামালপুর (ঘ) শেরপুর উত্তর: (ক) ফরিদপুর ৭৯। বাংলাদেশে মােট আবাদযােগ্য জমির পরিমাণ – (ক) ২ কোটি ৪০ লক্ষ একর (খ) ২ কোটি ৫০ লক্ষ একর (গ) ২ কোটি ২৫ লক্ষ একর (ঘ) ২ কোটি ২১ লক্ষ একর উত্তর: (ক) ২ কোটি ৪০ লক্ষ একর ৮০। ‘গারাে উপজাতি কোন জেলায় বাস করে? (ক) পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম (খ) সিলেট (গ) ময়মনসিংহ (ঘ) টাঙ্গাইল উত্তর: (গ) ময়মনসিংহ ৮১। ২০১৮ সালে বাংলাদেশের Per capita GDP (nominal) কত? (ক) $১,৭৫০ মার্কিন ডলার (খ) $১,৭৫১ মার্কিন ডলার (গ) $১,৭৫২ মার্কিন ডলার (ঘ) $১,৭৫৩ মার্কিন ডলার উত্তর: (খ) $১,৭৫১ মার্কিন ডলার Exp: Bangladesh’s per capita income jumped more than 9 percent to 1,909lastfiscalyearfrom1,751 a year ago, showed provisional official figures released yesterday.(The Daily Star: March 20, 2019 / LAST MODIFIED: 12:21 AM, March 20, 2019 ) ৮২। বাংলাদেশে প্রথম আদমশুমারি অনুষ্ঠিত হয় – (ক) ১৯৭২ সালে (খ) ১৯৭৩ সালে (গ) ১৯৭৪ সালে (ঘ) ১৯৭৫ সালে উত্তর: (গ) ১৯৭৪ সালে ৮৩। Inclusive Development Index (IDI)-এর ভিত্তিতে দক্ষিণ এশিয়ায় বাংলাদেশের স্থান কত? (ক) প্রথম স্থান (খ) দ্বিতীয় স্থান (গ) তৃতীয় স্থান (ঘ) চতুর্থ স্থান উত্তর: (খ) দ্বিতীয় স্থান ৮৪। ২০১৮ সালে বাংলাদেশের মোট রপ্তানি আয় কত? (ক) $ ৪০ বিলিয়ন মার্কিন ডলার (খ) $ ৪১ বিলিয়ন মার্কিন ডলার (গ) ৪২ বিলিয়ন মার্কিন ডলার (ঘ) ১ ৪৩ বিলিয়ন মার্কিন ডলার উত্তর: (খ) $ ৪১ বিলিয়ন মার্কিন ডলার ৮৫। Alliance যে দেশ ভিত্তিক গার্মেন্টস ব্রান্ডগুলাের সংগঠন (ক) যুক্তরাজ্যের (খ) যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের (গ) কানাডার (ঘ) ইউরোপিয়ান ইউনিয়নের উত্তর: (খ) যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ৮৬। ২০১৮ সালে বাংলাদেশের GDP-তে শিল্প খাতের অবদান কত শতাংশ ছিল? (ক) ২৯.৬৬% (খ) ৩০.৬৬% (গ) ৩২.৬৬% (ঘ) ৩৩.৬৬% উত্তর: (ঘ) ৩৩.৬৬% Exp: ৩৩.৭১% অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা-২০১৮ অনুসারে। ৩৩.৬৬% কাছাকাছি। ৮৭। ২০১৮-১৯ অর্থ বছরে রপ্তানি প্রণােদনা রাখা হয়েছে – (ক) সাড়ে ৪ হাজার কোটি টাকা (খ) সাড়ে ৫ হাজার কোটি টাকা (গ) সাড়ে ৩ হাজার কোটি টাকা (ঘ) সাড়ে ৬ হাজার কোটি টাকা উত্তর: (ক) সাড়ে ৪ হাজার কোটি টাকা ৮৮। বাংলাদেশে প্রথম ভ্যাট (VAT) চালু হয় – (ক) ১৯৯১ সালে (খ) ১৯৭৩ সালে (গ) ১৯৮৬ সালে (ঘ) ১৯৯৬ সালে উত্তর: (ক) ১৯৯১ সালে ৮৯। সংবিধানের কোন সংশােধনীকে ‘first distortion of constitution’ বলে আখ্যায়িত করা হয়? (ক) ৫ম সংশােধন (খ) ৪র্থ সংশােধন (গ) ৩য় সংশােধন (ঘ) ২য় সংশােধন উত্তর: (ক) ৫ম সংশােধন ৯০। স্বাধীনতার ঘােষণাপত্র সংবিধানের কততম তফসিলে সংযােজন করা হয়েছে? (ক) চতুর্থ (খ) পঞ্চম (গ) ষষ্ঠ (ঘ) সপ্তম উত্তর: (ঘ) সপ্তম ৯১। গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশের সংবিধান প্রবর্তিত হয় – (ক) ১৭ এপ্রিল, ১৯৭১ (খ) ১৬ ডিসেম্বর ১৯৭২ (গ) ৭ মার্চ, ১৯৭২ (ঘ) ২৬ মার্চ ১৯৭৩ উত্তর: (খ) ১৬ ডিসেম্বর ১৯৭২ ৯২। সংবিধানের কোন অনুচ্ছেদে ‘সরকারি কর্ম কমিশন’ (PSC) গঠনের উল্লেখ আছে? (ক) ১৩৭ নং অনুচ্ছেদে (খ) ১৩৫ নং অনুচ্ছেদে (গ) ১৩৮ নং অনুচ্ছেদে (ঘ) ১৩৪ নং অনুচ্ছেদে উত্তর: (ক) ১৩৭ নং অনুচ্ছেদে ৯৩। আওয়ামী লীগের ৬-দফা পেশ করা হয়েছিল- (ক) ১৯৬৬ সালে (খ) ১৯৬৭ সালে (গ) ১৯৬৮ সালে (ঘ) ১৯৬৯ সালে উত্তর: (ক) ১৯৬৬ সালে ৯৪। বঙ্গবন্ধুসহ আগরতলা ষড়যন্ত্র মামলায় মােট আসামী সংখ্যা ছিল কত জন? (ক) ৩৪ জন (খ) ৩৫ জন (গ) ৩৬ জন (ঘ) ৩২ জন উত্তর: (খ) ৩৫ জন ৯৫। আইন ও সালিশ কেন্দ্র কি ধরণের সংস্থা? (ক) অর্থনৈতিক (খ) মানবাধিকার (গ) ধর্মীয় (ঘ) খেলাধুলা উত্তর: (খ) মানবাধিকার ৯৬।Almond ও Powel চাপ সৃষ্টিকারী গােষ্ঠীকে বিভক্ত করেছেন – (ক) ৩ ভাগে (খ) ৪ ভাগে (গ) ৫ ভাগে (ঘ) ৬ ভাগে উত্তর: (খ) ৪ ভাগে ৯৭। বাংলাদেশ জাতিসংঘের – (ক) ১৪৬তম সদস্য (খ) ১৩৬তম সদস্য (গ) ১২৬তম সদস্য (ঘ) ১১৬ তম সদস্য উত্তর: (খ) ১৩৬তম সদস্য ৯৮। বাংলাদেশে প্রথম জাতীয় সংসদের নির্বাচন হয় – (ক) ৭ ফেব্রুয়ারি, ১৯৭৩ (খ) ৭ জানুয়ারি, ১৯৭৩ (গ) ৭ মার্চ, ১৯৭৩ (ঘ) ৭ এপ্রিল, ১৯৭৩ উত্তর: (গ) ৭ মার্চ, ১৯৭৩ ৯৯। তৃণমূল পর্যায়ে স্বাস্থ্য সেবা নিশ্চিত করতে কমিউনিটি ক্লিনিক চালু করা হয়- (ক) ১৩ হাজার ১২৫টি (খ) ১৩ হাজার ১৩০টি (গ) ১৩ হাজার ১৩৬টি (ঘ) ১৩ হাজার ১৪৬টি উত্তর: (গ) ১৩ হাজার ১৩৬টি ১০০। ‘Let there be Light’—বিখ্যাত ছবিটি পরিচালনা করেন – (ক) আমজাদ হোসেন (খ) জহির রায়হান (গ) খান আতাউর রহমান (ঘ) শেখ নিয়ামত আলী উত্তর: (খ) জহির রায়হান International Affairs 20 ১০১। যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp কোথায় অবস্থিত? (ক) ফ্লোরিডা (খ) হাইতি (গ) কিউবা (ঘ) জ্যামাইকা উত্তর: (গ) কিউবা ১০২। টেকসই উন্নয়ন সংক্রান্ত ২০৩০ এজেন্ডা (The Sustainable Development)-তে কয়টি লক্ষ্য (goal) রয়েছে? (ক) ১৫ (খ) ১৭ (গ) ২১ (ঘ) ২৭ উত্তর: (খ) ১৭ ১০৩। জাতিসংঘ কোন সালে মানবাধিকার সংক্রান্ত বৈশ্বিক ঘােষণার ঐতিহাসিক নথিটি গ্রহণ করে? (ক) ১৯৪৮ (খ) ১৯৫৬ (গ) ১৯৪৫ (ঘ) ২০০০ উত্তর: (ক) ১৯৪৮ ১০৪। মিনস্ক নিচের কোন দেশের রাজধানী? (ক) তাজাকিস্তান (খ) আজারবাইজান (গ) পর্তুগাল (ঘ) বেলারুশ উত্তর: (ঘ) বেলারুশ ১০৫। সর্বশেষ মিউনিখ নিরাপত্তা সম্মেলন কোন সালের কোন মাসে অনুষ্ঠিত হয়েছে? (ক) সেপ্টেম্বর, ২০১৮ (খ) মার্চ, ২০১৪ (গ) ফেব্রুয়ারি, ২০১৯ (ঘ) ডিসেম্বর, ২০১৮ উত্তর: (গ) ফেব্রুয়ারি, ২০১৯ ১০৬। V20 গ্রুপ কিসের সাথে সম্পর্কিত? (ক) কৃষি উন্নয়ন (খ) দরিদ্র বিমােচন (গ) জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন (ঘ) বিনিয়ােগ সম্পর্কিত উত্তর: (গ) জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন ১০৭। জাতিসংঘ সমুদ্র আইন কত সালে স্বাক্ষরিত হয়েছিল? (ক) ১৯৭৯ সালে (খ) ১৯৮২ সালে (গ) ১৯৮৩ সালে (ঘ) ১৯৯৮ সালে উত্তর: (খ) ১৯৮২ সালে ১০৮ । বিশ্বের সর্বশেষ জলবাযূ সম্মেলন (ডিসেম্বর ২০১৮) কোথায় অনুষ্ঠিত হয়? (ক) কাটোউইস, পোল্যান্ড (খ) প্যারিস, ফ্রান্স (গ) রোম, ইতালি (ঘ) বেইজিং, চীন উত্তর: (ক) কাটোউইস, পোল্যান্ড ১০৯। Sunshine Policy-এর সাথে কোন দুটি দেশ জড়িত? (ক) চীন, রাশিয়া (খ) উত্তর কোরিয়া, দক্ষিণ কোরিয়া (গ) জাপান, থাইল্যান্ড (ঘ) তাইওয়ান, হংকং উত্তর: (খ) উত্তর কোরিয়া, দক্ষিণ কোরিয়া ১১০। BRICS কর্তৃক প্রতিষ্ঠিত ব্যাংকের নাম হচ্ছে – (ক) New Development Bank (NDB) (খ) BFRICS Development Bank (BDB) (গ) Economic Development Bank (EDB) (ঘ) International Commercial Bank (ICB) উত্তর: (ক) New Development Bank (NDB) ১১১। চীন নিচের কোন আফ্রিকান দেশটিতে সামরিক ঘাঁটি স্থাপনের মাধ্যমে কৌশলগত সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করেছে? (ক) ইথিওপিয়া (খ) জাম্বিয়া (গ) লাইবেরিয়া (ঘ) জীবুতি উত্তর: (ঘ) জীবুতি ১১২। পাকিস্তান নিয়ন্ত্রিত কাশ্মিরের কোন অংশে ভারত সম্প্রতি (ফেব্রুয়ারি, ২০১৯) সামরিক বিমান হামলা পরিচালনা করে? (ক) এবােটাবাদ (খ) বালাকোট (গ) কোয়েটা (ঘ) গিলগিট উত্তর: (খ) বালাকোট ১১৩। নিচের কোন দেশে ২০২২ সালের G-২০ বাত্সরিক সম্মেলন অনুষ্ঠিত হবে- (ক) ইতালী (খ) যুক্তরাষ্ট্র (গ) ভারত (ঘ) ব্রাজিল উত্তর: (গ) ভারত ১১৪। ‘দ্যা আইডিয়া অব জাস্টিস’-গ্রন্থের রচয়িতা কে? (ক) মাখা সবাম (খ) জোসেফ স্টিগলিটজ (গ) অমর্ত্য সেন (ঘ) জন রাউলস উত্তর: (গ) অমর্ত্য সেন ১১৫। শ্রীলংকার কোন সমুদ্রবন্দর চীনের নিকট ৯১ বছরের জন্য লীজ দেয়া হয়েছে- (ক) ত্রিঙ্কোমালী (খ) হাম্বানটোটা (গ) গল বন্দর (ঘ) পাের্ট অব কলম্বাে উত্তর: (খ) হাম্বানটোটা ১১৬। নীচের কোন সংস্থাটির সচিবালয় বাংলাদেশে অবস্থিত? (ক) BIMSTEC (খ) CICA (গ) IORA (ঘ) SAARC উত্তর: (ক) BIMSTEC ১১৭। নিচের কোন সংস্থাটির স্থায়ী সদর দপ্তর নেই? (ক) NATO (খ) NAM (গ) EU (ঘ) ASEAN উত্তর: (খ) NAM ১১৮। জাতিসংঘ বিষয়ক আলােচনায় পি৫ (P5) কলতে কি বুঝায়? (ক) নিরাপত্তা পরিষদের পাঁচটি স্থায়ী সদস্য রাষ্ট্র (খ) পাঁচটি পরমাণু শক্তিধর রাষ্ট্র (গ) পাঁচটি জাতিসংঘ সংস্থা (ঘ) উপরে কোনটিই নয় উত্তর: (ক) নিরাপত্তা পরিষদের পাঁচটি স্থায়ী সদস্য রাষ্ট্র ১১৯। কোন দেশটি ইউরােপের বাল্টিক অঞ্চলে অবস্থিত নয়? (ক) ফিনল্যান্ড (খ) পোল্যান্ড (গ) অস্ট্রিয়া (ঘ) সুইডেন উত্তর: (গ) অস্ট্রিয়া ১২০। OIC-এর কততম শীর্ষ সম্মেলনে বঙ্গবন্ধু শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান অংশগ্রহণ করেন? (ক) ২য় শীর্ষ সম্মেলন (খ) ৫ম শীর্ষ সম্মেলন (গ) ৪র্থ শীর্ষ সম্মেলন (ঘ) ৭ম শীর্ষ সম্মেলন উত্তর: (ক) ২য় শীর্ষ সম্মেলন Geography, Environment and Disaster Management 10 ১২১। নিম্নের কোনটি পাললিক শিলা? (ক) মার্বেল (খ) কয়লা (গ) গ্রানাইট (ঘ) নিস উত্তর: (খ) কয়লা ১২২। নিম্নের কোনটি বৃহৎ স্কেল মানচিত্র? (ক) ১ : ১০,০০০ (খ) ১: ১০০,০০০ (গ) ১: ১০০০,০০০ (ঘ) ১: ২৫০০,০০০ উত্তর: (ক) ১ : ১০,০০০ ১২৩। সমবৃষ্টিপাত সম্পন্ন স্থানসমূহকে যােগকারী রেখাকে বলা হয় – (ক) আইসােথার্ম (খ) আইসোবার (গ) আইসােহাইট (ঘ) আইসােহেলাইন উত্তর: আইসােহাইট ১২৪। বাংলাদেশের লাউয়াছড়া জাতীয় উদ্যান কি ধরণের বনভূমি? (ক) ক্রান্তিয় চিরহরিৎ, আধা-চিরহৰিৎ জাতীয় (খ) ক্রান্তীয় আর্দ্র পত্র পতনশীল জাতীয় (গ) পত্র পতনশীল জাতীয় (ঘ) ম্যানগ্রোভ জাতীয় উত্তর: (ক) ক্রান্তিয় চিরহরিৎ, আধা-চিরহৰিৎ জাতীয় ১২৫। বাংলাদেশে সংঘটিত বন্যার রেকর্ড অনুযায়ী (১৯৭১-২০০৭) কোন সালের বন্যায় সবচেয়ে বেশী এলাকা প্লাবিত হয়? (ক) ১৯৭৪ (খ) ১৯৮৮ (গ) ১৯৯৮ (ঘ) ২০০৭ উত্তর: (গ) ১৯৯৮ Exp: 1988 -61%, 1998- 68% ১২৬। সার্ক দুর্যোগ ব্যবস্থাপনা কেন্দ্র কোথায় অবস্থিত? (ক) নয়া দিল্লি (খ) কলম্বো (গ) ঢাকা (ঘ) কাঠমুন্ডু উত্তর: (ক) নয়া দিল্লি ১২৭। নীচের কোনটি জলজ উদ্ভিদ নয়? (ক) হিজল (খ) করচ (গ) ডুমুর (ঘ) গজারী উত্তর: (ঘ) গজারী ১২৮। নীচের কোনটি মানবসৃষ্ট আপদ (hazard) নয়? (ক) বায়ু দূষণ (খ) দুর্ভিক্ষ গ) মহামারী (ঘ) কালবৈশাখী (Norwester) উত্তর: (ঘ) কালবৈশাখী (Norwester) ১২৯। বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সেক্টরগুলাের মধ্যে কোন খাতে বেশী কর্মসংস্থান হয়? (ক) নির্মাণ খাত (খ) কৃষি খাত (গ) সেবা খাত (ঘ) শিল্প কারখান্য খাত উত্তর: (খ) কৃষি খাত ১৩০। বাংলাদেশের উপকূলীয় সমভূমিতে বসবাসকারী জনগােষ্ঠী যে ধরণের বন্যা কবলীত হয় তার নাম – (ক) নদী বন্যা (খ) আকস্মিক বন্যা (গ) বৃষ্টিজনিত বন্যা (ঘ) জলােচ্ছাসজনিত বন্যা উত্তর: (ঘ) জলােচ্ছাসজনিত বন্যা General Science 15 ১৩১। 3517CL মৌলের নিউট্রন সংখ্যা কত? (ক) 17 (খ) 18 (গ) 35 (ঘ) 70 উত্তর: (খ) 18 ১৩২।কোন কঠিন পদার্থ বিশুদ্ধ নাকি অবিশুদ্ধ তা কিসের মাধ্যমে নির্ণয় করা যায়? (ক) ঘনীভবন (খ) বাষ্পীভবন (গ) গলনাংক (ঘ) স্ফুটনাংক উত্তর: (গ) গলনাংক ১৩৩। অ্যানােডে কোন্ বিক্রিয়া সম্পন্ন হয়? (ক) জারণ (খ) বিজারণ (গ) প্রশমন (ঘ) পানি যােজন উত্তর: (ক) জারণ ৩৪। একটি বাল্বে “60w-220v” লেখা আছে। বাল্বটির রোধ কত ওহম (Ohm)? (ক) 16.36 (খ) 160 (গ) 280 (ঘ) 806.67 উত্তর: (ঘ) 806.67 Exp: R = V2/P = (220)2/60 = 806.67 ১৩৫। নবায়নযােগ্য জ্বালানীর উত্স – (ক) তেল (খ) গ্যাস (গ) কয়লা (ঘ) বায়োগ্যাস উত্তর: (ঘ) বায়োগ্যাস ১৩৬। কার্বোহাইড্রেডে C, H এবং 0-এর অনুপাত কত? (ক) ১ : ১: ২ (খ) ১: ২: ১ (গ) ১ : ৩ : ২ (ঘ) ১: ৩: ১ উত্তর: (খ) ১: ২: ১ ১৩৭। AC কে DC করার যন্ত্র – (ক) রেকটিফায়ার (খ) অ্যামপ্লিফায়ার (গ) ট্রানজিস্টর (ঘ) ডায়োড উত্তর: (ক) রেকটিফায়ার ১৩৮। বিদ্যুৎ শক্তিকে শব্দ শক্তিতে রূপান্তরিত করা হয় কোন্ যন্ত্রের মাধ্যমে – (ক) লাউড স্পিকার (খ) অ্যামপ্লিফায়ার (গ) জেনারেটর (ঘ) মাল্টিমিটার উত্তর: (ক) লাউড স্পিকার ১৩৯। বাতাসের আর্দ্রতা মাপার যন্ত্রের নাম কি? (ক) মাইকোমিটার (খ) হাইগ্রোমিটার (গ) ব্যারােমিটার (ঘ) গ্রাভিমিটার উত্তর: (খ) হাইগ্রোমিটার ১৪০। কোথায় সাঁতার কাটা সহজ? (ক) পুকুরে (খ) খালে (গ) নদীতে (ঘ) সাগরে উত্তর: (ঘ) সাগরে ১৪১। ডিমে কোন্ ভিটামিন নেই? (ক) ভিটামিন-এ (খ) ভিটামিন-বি (গ) ভিটামিন-সি (ঘ) ভিটামিন-ডি উত্তর: (গ) ভিটামিন-সি ১৪২। কোনটির জন্য পুষ্প রঙ্গিন ও সুন্দর হয়? (ক) ক্রোমোপ্লাস্ট (খ) ক্লোরােপ্লাস্ট (গ) ক্রোমোটোপ্লাস্ট (ঘ) লিউকোপুষ্ট উত্তর: (ক) ক্রোমোপ্লাস্ট ১৪৩। সােডিয়াম এসিটেটের সংকেত – (ক) CH2C00Na (খ) (CH3C00)2ca (গ) CH3COONa (ঘ) CHCOONa উত্তর: (গ) CH3COONa ১৪৪। ক্যান্সার চিকিৎসায় ব্যবহৃত গামা বিকিরণের উৎস কি? (ক) আইসােটোন (খ) আইসােটোপ (গ) আইসােবার (ঘ) আইসােমার উত্তর: (খ) আইসােটোপ ১৪৫। খাদ্য তৈরীর জন্য উদ্ভিদ বায়ু থেকে গ্রহণ করে – (ক) অক্সিজেন (খ) কার্বন ডাই-অক্সাইড (গ) নাইট্রোজেন (ঘ) জলীয় বাষ্প উত্তর: (খ) কার্বন ডাই-অক্সাইড Computer and Information Technology 15 ১৪৬। মুদ্রিত লেখা সরাসরি ইনপুট নেয়ার জন্য নীচের কোনটি ব্যবহৃত হয়? (ক) OMR (খ) OCR (গ) MICR (ঘ) Scanner উত্তর: (ঘ) Scanner ১৪৭। নীচের কোন প্রোগ্রামটি একটি সম্পূর্ণ কম্পিউটার প্রােগামকে একবারে অনুবাদ ও সম্পাদন করে? (ক) Interpreter (খ) Emulator (গ) Compiler (ঘ) Simulator উত্তর: (গ) Compiler ১৪৮। নীচের কোনটি একই সাথে ইনপুট ও আউটপুট হিসেবে কাজ কবে? (ক) Mouse (খ) Microphone (গ) ‘Touch Screen (ঘ) Printer উত্তর: (গ) ‘Touch Screen ১৪৯। নীচের কোনটি Octal number না? (ক) 19 (খ) 77 (গ) 15 (ঘ) 101 উত্তর: (ক) 19 ১৫০। একটি রিলেশনাল ডাটাবেস মডেলে নীচের কোনটি দ্বারা Relation প্রকাশ করা হয়? (ক) Tuples (খ) Attributes (ঘ) Rows (গ) Tables উত্তর: (গ) Tables ১৫১। Bluetooth কিসের উদাহরণ? (ক) Personal Area Network (খ) Local Area Network (গ) Virtual Private Network (ঘ) কোনটি নয় উত্তর: (ক) Personal Area Network ১৫২। মােবাইল ফোনে কোন Mode-এ যােগাযােগ হয়? (ক) Simplex (খ) Half-Duplex (গ) Full-duplex (ঘ) কোনটি নয়। উত্তর: (গ) Full-duplex ১৫৩। Time-shared OS-এর জন্য কোন scheduling policy সবচেয়ে ভাল? (ক) First come first serve (খ) Round-robin (গ) Shortest job first (ঘ) Last come first serve উত্তর: (খ) Round-robin ১৫৪। নীচের কোনটি ৫২(১৬) এর বাইনারী রূপ? (ক) 01010010(2) (খ) 01110011(2) (গ) 00001100(2) (ঘ) 11110000(2) উত্তর: (ক) 01010010(2) ১৫৫। প্রথম Web browser কোন্টি? (ক) Netscape Navigator (খ) World Wide Web (গ) Internet Explorer (ঘ) Safari উত্তর: (খ) World Wide Web Exp: The first web browser was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which oversees the Web’s continued development, and is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation. His browser was called WorldWideWeb and later renamed Nexus. ১৫৬। Social Networking Site-এ যােগাযােগে কোন্ media ব্যবহৃত হয়? (ক) Image/video (খ) Audio (গ) Text (ঘ) উপরের সবগুলাে উত্তর: (ঘ) উপরের সবগুলাে ১৫৭। Firewall কি protection দেয়ার জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়? (ক) Fire attacks (খ) Unauthorized access (গ) Virus attacks (ঘ) Data-driven attacks উত্তর: (খ) Unauthorized access ১৫৮।TV remote এর Carrier frequency-র range কত? (ক) < 100 MHZ (খ) <1 GHz (গ) <2 GHz (ঘ) Infrared range উত্তর: (ঘ) Infrared range ১৫৯। CPU কোন address generate করে? (ক) physical addresses (খ) logical addresses (গ) Both physical and logical addresses (ঘ) উপরের কোনটি নয় উত্তর: (খ) logical addresses ১৬০। H. 323 Protocol সাধারণত কি কাজে ব্যবহৃত হয়? (ক) File transfer (খ) VoIP (গ) Data Security (ঘ) File download উত্তর: (খ) VoIP Mathematical Reasoning 15 (ম্যাথ এবং মেন্টাল অ্যাবিলিটির ব্যাখ্যা কাল দেয়া হবে।) ১৬১। নীচের কোনটি অমূলদ সংখ্যা? (ক) 0.4’ (খ) ∙9 (গ) 5.6’39’ (ঘ) ∙(27/48) উত্তর: উত্তর নাই। ১৬২। নীচের কোন পূর্ণ সংখ্যাটিকে ৩, ৪, ৫ এবং ৬ দ্বারা ভাগ করলে যথাক্রমে ১, ২, ৩ ও ৪ অবশিষ্ট থাকে? (ক) ৪৮ (খ) ৫৪ (গ) ৫৮ (ঘ) ৬০ উত্তর: (গ) ৫৮ ১৬৩। পনির ও তপনের আয়ের অনুপাত 4:3। তপন ও রবিনের আয়ের অনুপাত 5 ! 4। পনিরের আয় 120 টাকা হলে, রবিনের আয় কত? (ক) 36 টাকা (খ) 12 টাকা (গ) 72 টাকা (ঘ) 84 টাকা উত্তর: (গ) 72 টাকা ১৬৪। ৪৫০ টাকা বার্ষিক ৬% সুদে কত বছরে সুদে-আসলে ৫৫৮ টাকা হবে? (ক) ৩ বছরে (খ) ৪ বছরে (গ) ৫ বছরে (ঘ) ৬ বছরে উত্তর: (খ) ৪ বছরে ১৬৫। একটি মটর সাইকেল ১২% ক্ষতিতে বিক্রি করা হলাে। যদি বিক্রয় মূল্য ১২০০ টাকা বেশি হতাে, তাহলে ৮% লাভ হতাে। মটর সাইকেলের ক্রয় মূল্য – (ক) ৬০০০ টাকা (খ) ৫০০০ টাকা (গ) ৪০০০ টাকা (ঘ) ৮০০০ টাকা উত্তর: (ক) ৬০০০ টাকা ১৬৬। {(০.৯)৩+(০.৪)৩}/(০.৯+০.৮) এর মান কত? (ক) ০.৩৬ (খ) ০.৫১ (গ) ০.৮১ (ঘ) ০.৬১ উত্তর: (ঘ) ০.৬১ ১৬৭। 3x – 2> 2x -1 এর সমাধান সেট কোনটি? (ক) [1, ∞) (খ) (1, ∞) (গ) [1/2, ∞) (ঘ) [-1, ∞) উত্তর: (খ) (1, ∞) ১৬৮।6x2 – 7x – 4 = 0 সমীকরণে মূলদ্বয়ে প্রকৃতি কোনটি? (ক) বাস্তব ও সমান (খ) বাস্তব ও অসমান (গ) অবাস্তব (ঘ) পূর্ণ বর্গ সংখ্যা উত্তর: (খ) বাস্তব ও অসমান ১৬৯ । যদি x4 – x2 +1 = 0 হয়, তবে x3 + 1/x3 =? (ক) 3 (খ) 2 (গ) 1 (ঘ) 0 উত্তর: (ঘ) 0 ১৭০। xx∙x = (x∙x)x হলে x এর মান কত? (ক) 3/2 (খ) 4/9 (গ) 9/4 (ঘ) 2/3 উত্তর: (গ) 9/4 ১৭১ । কোন শর্তে log1/a = 0 ? (ক) a> 0, a #1 (খ) a# 0, a > 1 (গ) a> 0, a = 1 (ঘ) a # 1, a < 0 উত্তর: (ক) a> 0, a #1 ১৭২। R চিত্রে,

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Transformation of Senteces for SSC and Hsc Examination INVERSION ¨ Using the negative adverbs: Not only Never Not until Seldom Not once Rarely At no time Scarcely By no means No sooner Nowhere If these adverbs are used at the beginning of the sentence auxiliary verb comes before the subject of that sentence. Negative Auxiliary Subject Verb Ext. Never have we traveled so long way Examples: Not once was he on time. Seldom have I heard such beautiful music. Not only did the company lose profits, but it also had to lay off workers. MORE EXAMPLES: INCORRECT: Very seldom a movie can hold my attention like this one. CORRECT: Very seldom can a movie hold my attention like this one. INCORRECT: Not one paper she has finished on time. CORRECT: Not one paper has she finished on time. INCORRECT: Not once Monju and Rony have invited us to their house. CORRECT: Not once have Monju and Rony invited us to-their house. INCORRECT: Only rarely an accident has occurred. CORRECT: Only rarely has an accident occurred. INCORRECT: Never again an accident may occur. CORRECT: Never again may an accident occur. EXERCISES: Part A-1:Not until the Triassic Period – the first primitive mammals did develop. did the first primitive mammals develop. did develop the first primitive mammals. the first primitive mammals develop. Any of them can be used. Part A-2: Never again they will come to my house. the come early in the morning. will they come with a dog. she will go there rapidly. every body tell a lie. Part A-3: Not until they will come. I have done it I tell them to come she offers a banquet have I done the job their father allow them Part A-4: Not until the seventeenth century – to measure the speed of light. did anyone even attempt anyone did even attempt did anyone attempt even did even attempt anyone Inversions are used when the mentioned expressions beginning with only occur at the beginning of a sentence the subject and verb in that clause are inversed. Examples: Only in an emergency should you use this exit. Only recently did she return from abroad Only by asking questions can you learn. A. Only if B. Only when C. Only because D. Only after E. Only until In the cases of mentioned expressions auxiliary verb of the 2nd clause comes before the subject of that clause. Examples: Only if you have a serious problem should you call Mr. Franklin at home. Only when you are satisfied is the sale considered final. If expressions like so+ adj or so+ participle are used at the beginning of the sentence inversion also occurs, Examples: So rare is this coin that it belongs in a museum. So confusing was the map that we had to ask a police officer for directions. However, in the cases of adverbs of place or adverbs of order, auxiliary as well as the main verb come before the subject. Examples: In front of the museum is a statue. Off the coast of California lie the Channel Islands. First came a police car, then came an ambulance. Sample Item: 1. Most southern states had set up primary schools systems by the late eighteenth century, but only in New England – and open to all students. primary schools were free were primary schools free free were primary schools were free primary schools. 2. Across the Chesapeake Bay from the rest of the state –, whose farms produce beans, tomatoes, and other garden vegetables. there lies Maryland's Eastern Shore lies Maryland's Eastern Shore Maryland's Eastern Shore lies there Maryland's Eastern Shore lies.

Paragraph,Composition,Letter,Application,Email,Dialogue,CVwith Cover Letter,Notice,Story,Graph Writing Writing Skill For Examination Better Writing Magic Sentence Variety Formal and Informal English Formal and Informal Vocabulary Students' Writing Writing Items For Examination Writing Skills for Examination Pargraph Writing Paragraph Collections Application Letter Writing Story Writing Graph, Chart, Diagram Describing Dialogue Writing Essay/Composition Writing Essay/Composition Collections E-mail CV with Cover Letter Report Writing Amplification Writing Notice Writing Purchase Order Writing Complaint Letter Writing Important Pargraphs for Exam Important Applications for Exam Important Letters for Exam Important Stories for Exam Bar Graphs for Exam Pie Charts for Exam Important Dialogues for Exam Important Compositions for Exam Writing Important Informal E-mails for Exam Important formal E-mails for Exam CV with Cover Letter Report Writing Amplification Writing Notice Writing Purchase Order Writing Complaint Letter Writing

Transformation of Senteces for SSC and Hsc Examination INVERSION ¨ Using the negative adverbs: Not only Never Not until Seldom Not once Rarely At no time Scarcely By no means No sooner Nowhere If these adverbs are used at the beginning of the sentence auxiliary verb comes before the subject of that sentence. Negative Auxiliary Subject Verb Ext. Never have we traveled so long way Examples: Not once was he on time. Seldom have I heard such beautiful music. Not only did the company lose profits, but it also had to lay off workers. MORE EXAMPLES: INCORRECT: Very seldom a movie can hold my attention like this one. CORRECT: Very seldom can a movie hold my attention like this one. INCORRECT: Not one paper she has finished on time. CORRECT: Not one paper has she finished on time. INCORRECT: Not once Monju and Rony have invited us to their house. CORRECT: Not once have Monju and Rony invited us to-their house. INCORRECT: Only rarely an accident has occurred. CORRECT: Only rarely has an accident occurred. INCORRECT: Never again an accident may occur. CORRECT: Never again may an accident occur. EXERCISES: Part A-1:Not until the Triassic Period – the first primitive mammals did develop. did the first primitive mammals develop. did develop the first primitive mammals. the first primitive mammals develop. Any of them can be used. Part A-2: Never again they will come to my house. the come early in the morning. will they come with a dog. she will go there rapidly. every body tell a lie. Part A-3: Not until they will come. I have done it I tell them to come she offers a banquet have I done the job their father allow them Part A-4: Not until the seventeenth century – to measure the speed of light. did anyone even attempt anyone did even attempt did anyone attempt even did even attempt anyone Inversions are used when the mentioned expressions beginning with only occur at the beginning of a sentence the subject and verb in that clause are inversed. Examples: Only in an emergency should you use this exit. Only recently did she return from abroad Only by asking questions can you learn. A. Only if B. Only when C. Only because D. Only after E. Only until In the cases of mentioned expressions auxiliary verb of the 2nd clause comes before the subject of that clause. Examples: Only if you have a serious problem should you call Mr. Franklin at home. Only when you are satisfied is the sale considered final. If expressions like so+ adj or so+ participle are used at the beginning of the sentence inversion also occurs, Examples: So rare is this coin that it belongs in a museum. So confusing was the map that we had to ask a police officer for directions. However, in the cases of adverbs of place or adverbs of order, auxiliary as well as the main verb come before the subject. Examples: In front of the museum is a statue. Off the coast of California lie the Channel Islands. First came a police car, then came an ambulance. Sample Item: 1. Most southern states had set up primary schools systems by the late eighteenth century, but only in New England – and open to all students. primary schools were free were primary schools free free were primary schools were free primary schools. 2. Across the Chesapeake Bay from the rest of the state –, whose farms produce beans, tomatoes, and other garden vegetables. there lies Maryland's Eastern Shore lies Maryland's Eastern Shore Maryland's Eastern Shore lies there Maryland's Eastern Shore lies.

Core Differences between Formal and Informal Writing Informal writing is quite common in speaking whereas formal writing is common in writing. Formal writing is objective whereas informal writing is subjective Formal writing is for impersonal use whereas informal writing is personal use. Informal writing encourages the use of slangs while formal writing does not encourage at all. The voice of formal writing is passive while that of informal writing is active The personal pronoun of formal writing is the third person whereas informal writing is the first and second person. The language used in formal writing is formulaic whereas in informal writing is direct. The tone used in formal writing is official and professional whereas in informal writing is personal and friendly. Informal writing encourages used of interjections while formal writing does not encourage interjections. The sentences used in formal writing are long and complex whereas in informal writing are short and simple. Formal writing is often more common in writing whereas; informal writing is more common in speaking than the writing. Formal writing is objective on the other hand; informal writing is subjective. Formal writing is for impersonal use. Conversely, informal writing is for personal use only. Formal writing uses vocabulary which is specific to the discipline, on the flip side, informal writing uses unspecific vocabulary about the subject. Formal writing avoids slang language, colloquialisms (common language in spoken English), but the informal writing is full of these two characteristics. Informal: May use colloquial words/expressions (kids, guy, awesome, a lot, etc.). Formal vs. Informal Words/Phrases Informal -----------------------Formal A bit ----------------A little A lot of ----------------Numerous Afraid ----------------Fearful Again & again ----------------Repeatedly Also ----------------In addition, additionally Anyway ----------------Nevertheless Ask ----------------Enquire Ask for ----------------Request Ask out ----------------Invite At first ----------------Initially At once ----------------Immediately Avoid ----------------Evade Away ----------------Absent Bad ----------------Negative Beat up ----------------Assault Better ----------------Improved Big/Large ----------------Enormous Block ----------------Undermine Blow up ----------------Explode Book ----------------Reserve Boss ----------------Employer Brave ----------------Courageous Break down ----------------Fail/Collapse Break off ----------------Suspend/adjourn Break out ----------------Erupt Bright/smart ----------------Intelligent Bring in ----------------Introduce Build ----------------Construct But ----------------However Buy ----------------Purchase By ----------------By means of Call off ----------------Cancel Call on ----------------Visit Can ----------------Is capable of Catch up ----------------Understand Chance ----------------Opportunity Cheap ----------------Inexpensive Check ----------------Verify Childish ----------------Immature Childish ----------------Infantile Choose ----------------Select Clear ----------------Transparent Climb ----------------Ascend Clothes ----------------Garment Come after ----------------Follow Come in ----------------Enter Come up to ----------------Reach/attain Complex ----------------Convoluted Dad ----------------Father Danger ----------------Peril Dare ----------------Challenge Deal with ----------------Handle Deal with ----------------Manage Death ----------------Demise Describe ----------------Depict Dim ----------------Indistinct Dirty/ polluted ----------------Contaminated Drop out of ----------------Withdraw (from) Eager ----------------Avid Ease ----------------Facilitate Empty ----------------Vacant End ----------------Terminate End ----------------Terminate/ Finish Enjoyment ----------------Gratification Enough ----------------Sufficient Expect ----------------Anticipate Explain ----------------Disclose Fall out ----------------Quarrel Fight ----------------Combat Find out ----------------Learn/Discover Fork out ----------------Pay (money) Free ----------------Liberate Free ----------------Release Friendly ----------------Amiable Funny ----------------Humorous, amusing Get ----------------Obtain Get ----------------Receive Get away ----------------Elude Get by ----------------Survive Get out ----------------Escape Give ----------------Donate Give ----------------Provide Give out ----------------Distribute Give up ----------------Quit Go ----------------Depart Go after ----------------Pursue Go against ----------------Oppose Go ahead ----------------Proceed Go away ----------------Leave/ depart Go before ----------------Precede Go down ----------------Decrease Go on ----------------Continue Go out of ----------------Exit Go through ----------------Examine Go up ----------------Increase Good ----------------Positive Good for ----------------Beneficial Good looking ----------------Attractive Happy ----------------Pleased Help ----------------Aid/ Assist Help ----------------Assist Informal -----------------------Formal Informal -----------------------Formal Here ----------------Present Hit out at ----------------Criticise Hopeless ----------------Futile Hungry ----------------Famished Hurry ----------------Haste, hasten Hurt ----------------Damage, harm Idea ----------------Notion Imagine ----------------Envisage In charge of ----------------Responsible In the end ----------------Finally Iron out ----------------Solve/overcome (a problem/difficulty) Job ----------------Occupation Keep ----------------Preserve Kidding ----------------Jesting Kids ----------------Children Lack ----------------Deficiency Laid back ----------------Relaxed Lead to ----------------Cause Leave out ----------------Omit Let ----------------Allow Let ----------------Permit Link up ----------------Connect Live ----------------Reside Lively ----------------Energetic Look at ----------------Regard Look for ----------------Seek Look into ----------------Investigate Look like ----------------Resemble Look up to ----------------Respect Lucky ----------------Fortunate Mad ----------------Insane Mainly ----------------Principally Make out ----------------Discern Make up ----------------Fabricate Make up ----------------Invent Marvelous ----------------Exceptional Maybe ----------------Perhaps Mend ----------------Repair Naked ----------------Nude Need ----------------Request Need ----------------Require Next/later ----------------Subsequently Okay, ok ----------------Acceptable Old ----------------Elderly Older ----------------Senior Over ----------------At an end Pay back ----------------Repay Pick up ----------------Collect Pin down ----------------Determine Point out ----------------Indicate Put in ----------------Insert Put off ----------------Postpone Put up with ----------------Tolerate Put/ set down ----------------Deposit Rack up ----------------Accumulate Really big ----------------Considerable Refer to ----------------Consult Remove ----------------Eliminate Rich ----------------Wealthy Right ----------------Correct Round ----------------Circular Say ----------------Express Say no ----------------Reject Say sorry ----------------Apologise See ----------------Observe See ----------------Perceive Seem ----------------Appear Set out ----------------Display Settle for ----------------Choose Show ----------------Demonstrate Sick ----------------Ill Sight ----------------Vision Small ----------------Diminutive So ----------------Therefore Speed up ----------------Accelerate Start/ Begin ----------------Commence Stop ----------------Cease Stubborn ----------------Obstinate Sweat ----------------Perspiration Take out ----------------Remove Talk about ----------------Discuss/consider Talk into ----------------Persuade Tell ----------------Inform Test ----------------Experiment Thanks ----------------Gratitude Think about ----------------Consider Think of ----------------Conceive Throw away ----------------Discard Throw out ----------------Eject Tired ----------------Exhausted/ Fatigued Tough ----------------Difficult Try ----------------Endeavour Try out ----------------Test Use ----------------Utilize Use/Eat ----------------Consume Wait for ----------------Await Want/ hope ----------------Desire Whole ----------------Entire/Complete Wood ----------------Timber Worse ----------------Inferior Wrong ----------------Incorrect Young ----------------Youthful

HSC-English-1st-Paper-All-Questions-and-Answers HSC English 1st Paper HSC English 1st Model Questions for 2025 Answers HSC English 1st Model Questions for 2025 English 1st Paper English 2nd Paper Board Questions Suggestion and Practice Sheet HSC VOCABULAY English For Today HSC 2025 FULL SYLLABUS CLICK ON THE LINK https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1QFiRZR2DBEYeFSvg3LwFNM0-1ZBEHGE_?usp=share_link HSC -English 1st Paper Full Syllabus English 1st Paper Q. No-1A MULTIIPLE CHOICE QUESTION Q. No-1B SHORT ANSWER QUESTION Q. No-2 FLOW CHART Q. No-3 SUMMARY WRITING Q. No-4 WITH CLUES Q. No-5 WTIHOUT CLUES Q. No-6 REARRANGING Q. No-7 PARGRAPH Q. No-8 COMPLEING STORY Q. No-9 EMAIL Q. No-10 GRAPH,CHART Q. No-11 THEME WRITING Updated Version Q. No-1A MULTIIPLE CHOICE QUESTION Q. No-1B SHORT ANSWER QUESTION Q. No-2 FLOW CHART Q. No-3 SUMMARY WRITING Q. No-4 WITH CLUES Q. No-5 WTIHOUT CLUES Q. No-6 REARRANGING Q. No-7 PARGRAPH Q. No-8 COMPLEING STORY Q. No-9 EMAIL Q. No-10 GRAPH,CHART Q. No-11 THEME WRITING Writing Skills for Examination Pargraph Writing Paragraph Collections Application Letter Writing Story Writing Graph, Chart, Diagram Describing Dialogue Writing Essay/Composition Writing Essay/Composition Collections E-mail CV with Cover Letter Report Writing Amplification Writing Notice Writing Purchase Order Writing Complaint Letter Writing Important Pargraphs for Exam Important Applications for Exam Important Letters for Exam Important Stories for Exam Bar Graphs for Exam Pie Charts for Exam Important Dialogues for Exam Important Compositions for Exam Writing Important Informal E-mails for Exam Important formal E-mails for Exam CV with Cover Letter Report Writing Amplification Writing Notice Writing Purchase Order Writing Complaint Letter Writing Seen Passages for HSC Examination 35% of school students experience bullying in Bangladesh- Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC A craftwork is an applied form of art - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC A most important truth / A teacher can never truly teach unless - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC A Mother in Mannville / The orphanage is high in the Carolina mountains - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC A peace movement is a social movement that seeks to achieve ideals - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC A vast mangrove forest shared by Bangladesh and India - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Accessibility to higher education - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC According to a detailed study of the 54 Large / Greater Common Good - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Adolescents constitute a nation’s core resource - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC After the Assembly’s session was prorogued, the people of this country - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC AI in The Classroom / Artificial intelligence has the potential - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC And as for our martyrs and those who have been wounded - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Art is generally understood as an expression of human imagination - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Artificial intelligence - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC As a child you must have been told to greet - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HS Bangladesh is blessed with huge inland water resources / Hakaluki Haor - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Beauty is easy to appreciate but difficult to define - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Before researchers become researchers / Limits of the Scientific Method - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Behula is a legendary folk heroine - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC British-Bangladeshis, also known as British-Bengalis - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Brojen Das: On Conquering the English Channel - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC But when we go to borrow help from a foreign neighbourhood - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Butterfly Forever / IT IS RAINING - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Children must pass through several stages in their lives - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Children's right to education also implies that the school - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Coal Miners / Sharing the Earth is a collection - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Coleridge’s poem a ballad, narrate harrowing sea-voyage of an old mariner - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Conflict can be described as a disagreement among groups - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage Consumerism / We spend money tor different reasons- Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Cyber bullying /The situation is commonly known as cyber bullying- Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Dreams have fascinated philosophers - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Education aims to bring about positive changes - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Everyone has the right to a standard of living - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Folk music consists of songs and music of a community - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage Food and Culture / Our Bengali meals consist of live flavors of food bitter- Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Frederick Douglass / Narrative of the Life - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Gazi Pir /According to some myths and legends, Gazi Pir was - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Greta Thunberg is an environmental activist / The Greta Effect - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Have you heard of Superman - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Hercules was the son of Jupiter and Alcmena - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC I am in a tiny steel cage attached to a motorcycle - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage I caught sight of her at the play - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC I stand before you today with a heart overflowing with grief - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Icarus / On the island of Crete - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC In a traditional society like ours, little boys and girls - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC In the Bengali language there is a modern maxim - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Kalpana Chawla was born in Karnal, India - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Khona / The mystery that connects seasons - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Kuakata, locally known as Sagar Kannya (Daughter of the Sea) - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Lalon Shah is best known as an icon of the Baul tradition - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Leela Nag / While Leela Nag made headlines during the 1947 Partition - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Like many other South Asian countries / Sexual Harassment in Public - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Mandela went on to play a prominent role on the world stage - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Manned Mission to Mars / Nanomedicine - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Man's intellect has a natural pride in its own aristocracy - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Many educators believe that - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Marie Curie / Marie Curie nee Maria Sklodowska, was born in Warsaw - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Migration from Bangladesh to Britain - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC My name is Amerigo - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Nelson Mandela’s statement / I am the First Accused. - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Nishat Mazumder, a Bangladeshi woman i - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Novera Ahmed / Novera Ahmed was the pioneer of modern sculpting - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Once there was a bird - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC One of the historical landmarks of Sonargaon / Panam Nagar - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC One of the sources of water in our country are the rivers / Buriganga - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Sheikh Mohammed Sultan / S M Sultan - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Stories From Gaza / I want to write the most beautiful words about Gaza- Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Tertiary education in Bangladesh comprises two categories - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The Assembly has been called into session - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The Burning Issue of Bullying / Bullying typically refers to deliberate - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The history of Bengal is the history of a people - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The Negro is still not free...the life of the Negro - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The New School / When she saw the gate of the new school - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The orphanage is high in the Carolina mountains - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The Parrot’s Tale / Once upon a time there lived a bird - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The persona of a traffic police man - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The river Buriganga is an example of a dying river - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The Story of Shilpi - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The success of Kalsindur girls - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The term 'diaspora' is used to refer to people - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The first peace movement appeared in 1815-1816 - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Training the mind / Instant vacations: Getting there through meditation- Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Universities should never be made into mechanical organizations - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Unsafe levels of pesticides are present in around half of the vegetables - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Valentina Tereshkova was born in the village Maslennikovo - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Wangari Maathai / We have a special responsibility - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Water, water, every where - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC What is Environmental Justice? / When an explosion in the Union Carbide - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for When a girl gets married, she usually drops out of school - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC When you are in the driving seat of a car - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC While art is considered intuitive and visionary / Craft - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC

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Report Writing, Report writing for SSC examination, Report writing for HSC examination, Reports REPORT WRITING Report is a types of composition. Usually a report is written for newspaper or television. There are several types of report Voluntary report- a person writes this kind of report by taking initiative by himself/herself. Authorized report- this type of reports is written by being told or authorized by someone else. Routine report-this type of report is written for newspaper or other media regularly on a specific topic. Special report- on any special situation this type of report is written. Internal report- this type of report is written for any internal use by an organization External report- this type of report is written to let other people know what is going on in an organization. It is more formal than an internal report. Informational report- this report only concentrates on a specific information. Analytical report- in this type of report there might be analysis, explanation and conclusion on a topic. How to write a good report A report might be on incidents, events, occasions, ceremonies or festivals. Format of writing a report Heading Name, Place, Date: Introductory paragraph/Lead ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Main Body ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Criteria for writing report A report might be written in several paragraphs It should be written in easy and lucid language A writer will describe what really has happened You can include what you have heard, seen or done It should be written in formal impersonal style. The heading of the report should be attractive and catchy. In introduction or lead you should write about time, place and necessary information about the event/incident. Basically introduction gives the answers of Who, where, when, what, and why. In the main body you should give the detail description of the event/incident in one or more paragraphs. In the ending or concluding portion the views of the people or taken initiatives might be included. What you should do Give sufficient information You should not give your own opinion in the report To include the opinions of the people you can use passive voice, direct/indirect speech. Don’t use a word or phrase repeatedly . An example A Devastating Fire at Agrabad Staff Correspondent, Chittagong, 12April 2021: A devastating fire broke out at midnight at Agrabad completely gutting the house of a local businessman. It is learnt from the locals that the fire originating from the kitchen, engulfed the adjoining rooms including the dwelling room. Hearing the hue and cry of the domestic help, the inmates of house woke up and somehow managed to save their lives leaving all the belongings that were burnt to ashes. Three persons sustained serious burn injures and properties worth Tk 5 lakh were damaged when a fire broke out at a house. Sources said the fire originated in the kitchen from a gas burner at about 11.30 pm and soon engulfed the house injuring three members of the house. All the inmates of the house were sleeping when the fire broke out. On information, fire brigade came to the spot and extinguished the fire within two hours. The injured were identified as Solaiman Ali, 55, his son Sohel, 17 and seven-year old nephew Raju. Neighbours took them to Chiitagong Medical College Hospital. As the condition of Raju was deteriorating, he was immediately shifted to Combined Military Hospital (CMH) for better treatment. However, the local people rushed to the spot but failed to bring the fire under control. On information, the fire fighters came to the spot and succeeded in extinguishing the blaze with the help of the people after two hours of frantic efforts. Some people sustained injuries while trying to douse the fire. The extent of loss caused by the fire was estimated at taka ten lakh. © Copyright

Paragraphs, Paragraphs for SSC, Paragraphs for HSC, Paragraphs for Examination, Paragraphs for examination Paragraph Writing A paragraph is a group of related sentences which deal with a central idea. The three major structural parts of a paragraph A paragraph has three major structural parts– 1. a topic sentence 2. supporting sentences/developer 3. a concluding sentence/terminator 1. The topic sentence states the main idea of the paragraph. It names and limits the topic 2. Spporting sentences develop the topic sentence 3. The concluding sentence marks the end of the paragraph and often summarises or raises the key point of the paragraph. Classification of paragraphs: Listing Definition analysis - causal analysis comparison classification time space generalisation examples process analysis cause & effect contrast sequence , Paragraph of Listing In Paragraph of listing a detailed description is given about paragraph introducer. Here a list is given between paragraph developers and paragraph terminator. Key uses : to give a list of some thing Key words : first, second, third, then, next, after that, finally Example of Paragraph of Listing 1. Write a paragraph of listing on "The transports of Bangladesh". The transports of Bangladesh Transport is the means of conveying people, goods etc. from one place to another. There are three types of transport in Bangladesh. First, transports by land such as bus, train, track, car, taxicab ply on roads and streets. Second, transports by waterways like launch, boat, ship move on water. Third, transports by air like aircraft, aeroplane, spaceship fly in the sky. Transports play a very important role in developing our economic frame. There are public and private transports. Both transports earn huge money by carrying people, goods etc. This huge amount of money is used to support individual family and improve our communication system. But it is a matter of great regret that most of our transports are not modem and developed. Moreover, most of them are old and faulty. As a result, accidents often occur. Besides, there is a great crisis of transport in our country. Transports in Bangladesh cannot accommodate all the passengers. At this, their sufferings know no bound's. Therefore, steps should be taken to arrange more transports in our country. 2. Write a paragraph of listing on "Sentence Functions in Paragraph Development". Sentence Functions in Paragraph Development (1) The sentences in most well-written paragraphs may be analysed into four general functions. (2) First, there are paragraph introducers, which are sentences that establish the topic focus of the paragraph as a whole. (3) Second, there are paragraph developers, which present examples or details of various kinds that support the ideas set forth by the paragraphs introducers. (4) Third, there are viewpoint or context modulators, which are sentences that provide a smooth transition between different sets of ideas. (5) Fourth, there are paragraph terminators, which logically conclude the ideas discussed in the paragraph in a psychologically satisfying manner, (6) Not all pieces of writing will conform to this analysis; however, most successful paragraphs usually contain some combination of these four sentence types. 3. Write a paragraph of listing on "Your Favourite Teacher". Your Favourite Teacher Mr. Ahmed is my favourite .teacher. He teachers us English. He is 30 with a good health. He has many rare qualities. First of all he is a brilliant scholar with a sound academic career. He is an M.A. in English. Secondly his method of teaching is very easy and lucid. Thirdly he has a strong, clear and pleasant voice. Everyday' .he teaches us in a new style. He can make any grammatical problem easy. He knows well how to increase the curiosity of the students. In the class room he is just like an English. Moreover, his pronunciation is good and he speaks English with a foreign accent. In his class he creates ari English environment. We never feel boring in his class. Rather we feel encouraged in his class. He is very well behaved and co-operative. He is never rude but friendly with his students. If any student fails to understand any grammatical problem, he then and there helps the students to understand it. He is very kind hearted to the poor students. Besides, he is honest, sincere and dutiful. He is very strict to law and to his principles. He has left a permanent impression in my mind. He is my best teacher, guide and friend. Paragraph Development by Time In Paragraph development by time description of something in respect of time. Many cases in this type of paragraph a past event is described. Key uses : to tell stories and incidents, to give a history or series of events, to give .step-by-step directions. Key factor : Use past tense Example of paragraph development by time 1. Write a paragraph of time on "Your School Life". My School Life My school life began at the age of six. It was very much eventful. In 2000 I attended the Primary Scholarship Exam. I came out successful and added name and fame to our family. In 2003 I also attended the Junior Scholarship Exam. This time also I did not disappoint myself, my family and my teachers to come out successful. In 2004 I was promoted to class IX. I took Humanities group because of the fact that was weak in Mathematics. In 2005 I was successfully promoted to class X. My parents and teachers began to feel proud of my glorious results. They were very much hopeful of my brilliant future. In 2006 I attended the SSC exam. After three months, results were announced. I did not fail to achieve my desired results. I obtained the highest grade, GPA 5. My parents, teachers, relatives, and well-wishers were very much satisfied at my brilliant results. Our school awarded every candidate who secured brilliant results. My father presented me a PC for the achievement of my glorious result. Now I am a first year student at HSC level. 2. Write a paragraph of time on "Aztec Civilization". Aztec Civilization The Aztecs were the last in a series of civilization in Mexico. Until the 13th century they were a tribe of wandering hunters, simple but hardy, who finally reached the shores of the lake on whose dried,-up bed the city of Mexico now stands. There they settled down on a small island and gradually absorbed the culture and way of life of their more civilized neighbours. Traditionally in A.D. 1325 (but actually, perhaps, considerably earlier) they founded their great capital, Tenchtitlan, enlarging their island artificially as the city increased in size. They were an extremely warlike people, and, first by alliances and then by warfare, they gradually extended their power all over Mexico and as far south as Guatemala. The full and final stage of their greatness had lasted barely fifty years when it was completely destroyed by the invasion of the Spaniards. With them the series of civilization ends in Mexico. Mother Teresa Mother Teresa was born on 26th August, 1910. Her father's was an Albanian and he was a builder. She was born in Skopje in Macedonia. She was the third child of her parents. She was very polite and modest. She wanted to be a helping hand to the destitute. At the age of 18 she joined the order of the sisters of our lady of Loreto in Ireland. In 1928 she began her journey to India. In 1931 she began teaching at a Calcutta Girls' School. To make her vision fruitful she founded 'Nirmal Hriday' in 1952. In .1953 she started an orphanage. Then she set up a missionary too. The missionary helped the wounded, the diseased and the helpless.. In 1957 she and her missionaries of charity began working with the helpless. She continued all her programmes with the fund she collected from the charity of some wealthy people. As a recognition of her work she got Nobel. Prize in 1979. She breathed her last on 5th September 1997 at the age of 87, At her death, the world lost a great woman. Muhammad Yunus Muhammad Yunus was born in 1940 in Chittagong, the business centre of Eastern Bangladesh, He was the third of 14 children. Educated in Chittagong, he was awarded a full bright scholarship and he received his Ph. D from Vanderbilt University, in U.S.A. In 1972 he became head of the Economics department at Chittagong University. He is the founder and Managing Director of the Grameen Bank. In 1997, Professor Yunus organised the world's first Micro Credit Summit in Washington D. C. Professor Yunus is an economist. He planned to alleviate poverty from the World. He introduced microcredit system among a limted number of poor people and his plan worked. Then he set up a bank, Grameen Bank. Through this bank he worked for the poor and gave financial support to make them self-employed. His prograthmes succeeded and thousands of poor, powerless people could escape from poverty. They trusted Yunus *as a helping hand and he was trusted to be a famous name. His micro-credit brought wealth to the underpriviledged of many nations. Paragraph Development by Space (Space order) In Paragraph development by space more importance is given to appearance, manner, location and spatial order. Key uses : to describe people, places, and things Key words : Shady, gossip not only but also, besides. Examples of Paragraph development by space 1. Write a paragraph of space on "Your College Campus". My College Campus The name of my college is Summit Public College. It is located at Monpura in Satkhira. It has a spacious campus. There are three faculties in our campus. They are arts, science and commerce faculties. There is a large play ground in front of the faculties. There is a flower garden beside the science faculty. When the flowers bloom, environment looks very romantic. Sweet scent spreads everywhere. There are many trees on both sides of our campus. At this, our campus always remains shady. Air blows and makes our campus heavenly. Our campus is not only rich in natural beauties but also modernised with infrastructural facilities. There are three separate common rooms, libraries, computer and science laboratories. There are 90 classrooms for two thousand students. There are three teachers' waiting rooms and offices. There is a large canteen in our college campus. Going there, we take light refreshment and have snack. Sometimes gossip there with one another and while away our leisure period. Besides, we play different types sports in our college campus and pass time interestingly. In fact, we are very much proud of convenient campus. 2.. Write a paragraph of space on "The Inca Construction". The Inca Construction The Incas showed great skill in the construction without machinery of roads, aqueducts, and reservoirs, suspension bridges, and other public works. Two main roads ran from north to south. In some places they were paved or raised on causeways, in others hewn out of the solid rock; their excellence excited the admiration of the Spaniards. The Incas also showed great ingenuity in the vast system of terraces which they built with much labour along the steep slopes of the valleys for the cultivation of their crops, and which are still in use. For solidity of construction the walls of their fortresses and temples surpass anything ever achieved elsewhere. With extraordinary skill they handled huge blocks of hard stone, such as granite, weighing many tons, cutting them into irregular shapes with many angles, and then fitting them accurately together like the pieces of a jig-saw puzzle. These walls are practically indestructible, and have resisted the shocks of earthquakes for centuries. Many of them still form the foundations of Spanish buildings in Cuzco to-day. The Incas had discovered the art of casting bronze, but the chisels which were made from this alloy were not hard enough to cut the tough rock used in some of their buildings, and these must have been shaped with stone tools. However, the ruins of the Inca construction still show their extraordinary skill in engineering. Paragraph of Examples/ Paragraph Development by Detail In Paragraph of example description of a topic with explanation is given with examples. Key words : for example, for instance 1. Write a paragraph of example on "The Success of Bangladesh". The Success of Bangladesh Under the umbrella of success, many things came. For example, in 1952 the West Pakistan wanted to snatch away Bangla, the language of our heart to establish Urdu as a state language. But our brave sons did not allow them to materialize their aim and objective. For their great sacrifice we have established our mother tongue Bangla. Secondly, in 1971 we achieved independence. Bangladesh got success in various fields also. She got chance in the World Cup Cricket and defeated many strong teams like Pakistan, India, West Indies, South Africa, Zimbabwe and created coruscation throughout the world. Illiteracy is getting removed and the percentage of education is increasing. Dr. Yunus who won Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 brought tremendous honour for Bangladesh. Anti-corruption campaign is going on and corruption is getting uprooted as the corrupt are being punished and penalized. Democratization is being materialized and development programmes and projects are being actualised. People of our country are being self-employed and poverty is being alleviated. So the success of Bangladesh in various fields is vivid. Write a paragraph of example on "Social Concerns in Modern Literature". Social Concerns in Modern Literature Modern literature in most countries deals with real social issues. For example, many contemporary novels of Africa and India depict the lives of ordinary people struggling against adversity. Furthermore, poetry from South America and North America speaks out against social and economic oppression. In still another instance, modern European drama enacts the fate of the working man in his drab confrontation with life. Even films, popular songs, and folk drama from all around the world, tell the story of the little man and his battle against the giants of impersonal corporations, remote governments, or aggressive neighbouring nations. It is clear from these limited examples that contemporary literature in many parts of the world deals with the social issues of the day. Air Pollution Air pollution means the ways in which the air is polluted. Air is the most important element of human environment. Man can not live a single moment without air. But we donot think that it is we who pollute this most vital element. Clean air is essential for life. Air is polluted in many ways. For example smoke pollutes air. Man makes fires to cook his food, to make bricks burns refuse, melts pitch for road construction and burns wood. All these things produce heavy smoke and this smoke pollutes air. The another example is that railway engines, power houses, mills and factories use coal and oil. Moreover, buses .trucks and cars use petrol and diesel oil. Again all these things create smoke and cause air pollution. Furthermore, the most serious air pollution occurs in big industrial areas where there are many mills and factories. Again serious air pollution also occurs in big- cities where there are many buses, trucks and cars plying the street everyday. Sometimes men in big industrial area become so sick by inhaling polluted air that they cannot be cured. So proper measures and steps should be taken to prevent air pollution. Definition Paragraph In definition paragraph the first step is to give the definition of the term or topic and then you should give the explanation of the term by illustration, example comparison Uses : to make clear the meaning of a word, to explore what a thing is, or to give a new, original meaning of a word. Example Definition paragraph I. Write a definition paragraph on "Democracy". Democracy Democracy is the rule of people. It is the government of the people, by the people, for the people. It is the government where everybody can share in political arena. In this form of government people are the source of all power. They can elect their representatives and help them to form government. On the contrary, they can also reject them if they feel it necessary. Here people can enjoy almost all the civic rights, and privileges. They have freedom of speech. They can expose their views through different mass media like radio, television, newspaper. But there are some specific defects in democracy. Aristotle says that it is the government of the ignorant. As the ignorant rulers rule here, meritorious persons are devaluated. The majority of people are oppressed. The majority of people become victorious in all sections. The proverb 'might is right' is existing here. As there are many parties in. a democratic country, the results of election are not obeyed easily. So there is the feasibility of holding frequent election. And then huge amount of money is wasted. Nevertheless, democracy has gained much popularity in the modern world. 2. Write a definition paragraph on "The Definition Paragraph". The Definition Paragraph A definition paragraph describes, explains or defines an unfamiliar term by relating that which is unknown to that which is already known. It makes use of the techniques of comparison, contrast, and synthesis often in combination. More specifically, a definition paragraph may be developed by using comparison sentences that show that an unknown term, is the same as or like some known term. Or it may be developed by using contrast sentences that show that au unknown term, though similar in some respects, is basically unlike some known term. Or it may be developed by bringing together the appropriate like and unlike characteristics of two or more terms to form a new concept, or synthesis. In any case, a given definition paragraph, whether developed by comparison, contrast, or synthesis, or some combination of these, normally ends with a sentence that summarizes the distinctive features of the term being defined. Democracy Democracy is a system of government by all the people of a country, usually through the representatives whom they elect, as allowing freedom of speech, religious and political opinion. It means fair and equal treatment of each other by citizens without social class divisions. In fact it's the system of governing the country according to people's will. In a democratic country people elect their representatives who work for the people. Free and fair election is the pre-condition of democracy. As a matter of fact, democracy is the right of the people to speak equal rights. They enjoy the rights of food, cloth, shelter, education, medical treatment and other facilities. People are the source of power, that is, possess the absolute power in a democratic country. Abraham Lincoln, the late president of the USA, defines democracy as "Government of the people, by the people and for the people." In a, true sense of democracy the majority party should form a coalition with the main opposition party and work together in democracy. Moreover, good relations with neighbouring country, liberty of newspaper, free judicial system are the essential conditions for democracy. But in some cases the ruling party in coalition with minor parties forms the government which causes anarchy. On the other hand, the main opposition party in coalition with some minor parties is engaged in destructive criticism and collision. Ours is a democratic country. Let -us hope we will stride ahead with our unity towards a brighter tomorrow. Snatching Snatching refers to snatching away money or- ornaments or valuable things from passers-by and passengers by using force or at gun point. Everyday we find the news of many snatchings in all the dailies of our country. It seems that the snatchers are the monarchs of all they survey. So it has become very risky to move alone in the road. If the snatchers do not find anything valuable with the person they attack, he or she is either stabbed or killed. They use knives, bombs, guns or any kind of weapon. Though the victim cries for help, the nearby people or the police force do not go forward to help the victims. If the snatchings face any kind of trouble, they explode bombs or shoot, create panic and disperse people and safely they make their way after snatching. There are many reasons behind snatching. Firstly our socio-economic condition is the root cause of snatchings. Again those who are addicted in gambling, drinking and drug taking do it to manage money for their addiction. It is a great problem for our country. So stern action and necessary measures should be taken to set punishment for the snatchers so that people can move freely and easily. Paragraph Development by Analysis In paragraph by analysis a topic is analyzed in different parts such as -topic introducer, paragraph introducer, paragraph terminator \s context modulator ,letterhead, heading, inside address, aiterition line, subject line, salutation, body, signature block, post scripts, signature, writer's identification, initials, enclosures, distribution list etc. Example Paragraph by analysis I. Write a paragraph by analysis on "The person you like most". The Person I Like Most The person whom I like most is my father. My father's name is Emtazuddin Ahmed. He is a. graduate. Professionally he is a police officer. As a police officer he is very honest. He does not take any unfair means to render his service. He does not compromise with the criminals. Rather he takes them under prosecution. He has been rewarded several times for his achievement in lessening crime and corruption. Though my father is very busy, he manages ample time to share with family. He always takes whereabouts of my education. He is very expert in English. In his leisure he teaches me English. And so I always do well in English examination. Father is very much devoted to God. He says prayers five times a day. He also encourages me to say prayer. And I follow his advice to the letter. Father also takes whereabouts of our relatives. If anyone falls in crisis, he tries his best to help him/her. My father is a very simple person. He never feels proud of himself. He always says to me that pride goes before fall. He is really a good person. 2. Write a paragraph by analysis on "Writing as a Profession". Writing as a Profession Writing is a whole time job. The author does not only write when he is at desk; he writes all day long when he is thinking, when he is reading, when he is experiencing; everything he sees and feels is significant to his purpose and, consciously or unconsciously, he is forever storing and making over his impressions. He cannot give an undivided attention to any other calling. To write must be the main object of the author's life; that is to say, he must be a professional writer. He is lucky if he has sufficient fortune to make him independent of his earnings, but this does not prevent him from being a professional writer. Swift with his deanery, Wordsworth with his sinecure, were just as much professional writers as Balzac and Dickens. The Cause and Effect Paragraph In cause and effect paragraph causes and effects of any problem is given. Water Population Water, an important element of the human environment, is essential for human and plant life. It is next to air. Water can be polluted in many ways. First of all farmers use chemical fertilizers and insecticide in their fields to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with river water, canal water and pond water. Secondly mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste_ materials and unsold products into the rivers and canals. Thirdly steamers, motor launches and even sail boats can pollute.water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the rivers and canals. Moreover, unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. Besides the kutcha drains running into the rivers and canals cause water pollution. Clean water is safe for use and polluted water is harmful for man. Water pollution can be prevented in many ways. First of all we should make the people aware of the fact that water is next to air. It is called life. So fertilizer, chemicals and pesticide should not be allowed to mix with river water, canal water and pond water. Mills and factories should not throw the waste materials and Unsold products into rivers and canals. Steamers, motor launches and even sail boats should not throw off, food waste and human waste into the rivers and canals. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside should not be built on the banks of the rivers and canals. In fine awareness should be created in the public. Paragraph Development by Comparison In Paragraph of comparison we usually compare two or more different things Key transition words : Likewise, Similarly, In the same way, .also ...., ...., too. .... the same , .... the same as ...., .... just as ...., .... can be compared with .... . Examples of paragraph by comparison . Write a paragraph by comparison on "School and College . School and College Both school and college are educational institutions. School is such an academic center where students are taught rudimentary knowledge. But college is such an educational institution where students are provided with higher education. The management of a school is not so liberal as that of a college. But school teachers should he more careful of their responsibilities than college teachers. College teachers just deliver their lecture and leave classroom. On the contrary, school teachers have to take every whereabouts of their students. They are to be cautious of their studies, behaviour, association, -nature and so on. But college teacher are careless of these facts. They think that students here are freer. They have the freedom to exercise their sense and sensibility. School teachers strictly guide their students. But college teachers loosely control their students. In a college students can widen their outlook and orientation. But in a school they can not do' so. In a college students have the opportunities to broaden their mind and mentality. But in a school students can't do so for some restrictions. In fact, students in a college enjoy more than those in a school. Write a paragraph by comparison on "From Paragraph to Essay". From Paragraph to Essay Despite their obvious differences in length, the paragraph and the essay are quite similar structurally. For example, the paragraph is introduced by either a topic sentence or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay, the first paragraph provides introductory material and establishes the topic focus. Next, the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly, the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that expand and support the ideas presented in the introductory paragraph. Finally, a terminator-whether a restatement, conclusion, or observation-ends the paragraph. *i.,,., The essay, too, has a device which brings its ideas to a logically and psychologically satisfying completion : the concluding paragraph. Although exceptions to these generalizations may be observed in modem creative writing, most well written expository paragraphs and essays are comparable in structure. Paragraph Development by Contrast A contrast paragraph labels the differences between two persons, places, or things. Once all of the information for the paragraph is obtained one must organize it in one of these two ways: • Option One: First present all of the points of one subject, and then contrast the points with all of the information about the other subject. This is a good way to organize the information of a short paragraph because the reader can readily recall the first points that are stated. • Option Two: Make a point about the first subject and then contrast it with a point from the other subject. Alternating between points. This is a good option for longer paragraphs because the reader does not have to search for the contrasted point. Key words : but; yet, however, in contrast, although, even though, on the other hand, nevertheless, unlike, whereas. 1. Write a paragraph by contrast on "Democracy and Autocracy". Democracy and Autocracy Democracy is the rule of people. But autocracy is the government by an autocrat. In a democratic country people are the source of all power. In an autocratic country an autocrat is the possessor of absolute power and position. There are many opposition parties in a democratic country. But in an autocratic country there is only one party. People can enjoy the freedom of speech, can expose merit, views and opinions in a democratic country. On the contrary, in an autocratic government, public freedom of speech is strictly controlled. Here other opinions and principles are not sustained. In a democratic government tolerance is kept. But there is want, of tolerance in an autocratic government. There is a feasibility of holding frequent election in a democratic country. On the contrary, frequent election is not held in an autocratic government. Evaluating public opinions, democratic country is led and governed. On the contrary, an autocrat leads and governs his country willfully. So, at present, democratic government is more popular than autocratic government. 2. Write a paragraph by contrast on "The Objective Test and the Essay Exam". The Objective Test and the Essay Exam The objective test and the essay exam are two contrasting methods of evaluation commonly used to measure a student's grasp of subject matter. The objective test usually consists of a large number of unrelated questions that require the student to demonstrate mastery of details. It often leads to rote memorization of isolated facts during the pre-test period of study. Since the questions on the objective test are presented in true-false or multiple choice form, the student may be encouraged to guess answers for which he has no accurate knowledge. The essay exam, on the other hand, usually consists of a few broadly stated questions that require the student to organise his responses in essay form. Such questions force the student to give proof of his ability to handle general concepts. This type of exam also relies on factual information, but there is far greater necessity for the student to demonstrate analytical and compositional skills. Mere guessing at answers is reduced to a minimum. Although the objective test and the essay exam have similar goals the assessment of a student's academic achievement the techniques and very often the results) of the two types of examination differ significantly. Differences between Bangladeshi and Western Music Each and every country has its own culture. They can't be superseded by the culture of another country. So, its quite natural that there are some basic differences between Bangladeshi and Western music. The differences are very much distinct. In theme and melody, our songs are pole apart from western music. Our songs especially the Nazrul Sangeet, Rabindra Sangeet, traditional songs are very much graceful and refined. But the Western music is very much vulgar. Musical instruments are used more in the Western music. On the other hand ours are melodious and musical instruments are used less. The western singers use metalic sound, whereas we don't. The significant difference is that individual love is the theme of Western-music. That love is only the love of the lovers. On the contrary the theme of our song is also love but it's quite different from the Western music. Love as the theme of our song is for lovers, for parents, for our motherland and last of all for Allah: The western song has hardly any appeal. In contrast our song has a great appeal and ittouches our heart. In a word, a country can't sacrifice her own identity and culture with another country. The cultural differences were in the past, have. been in the present and will be in the future. Eating Habit of the Rural and Urban People of Bangladesh The rural people in Bangladesh usually_ have their meals in the morning, at noon and at night. The urban people also take three meals a day. But there are some differences in their eating habits. Rural people are in the habit of eating heavy meal. The rural people eat more. On the contrary the urban people do not depend on heavy food. They also eat less than the rural people. The rural people usually eat rice and gur or rice with some other food items for breakfast. They eat much because they work in the fields. They do not eat anything before lunch. They also eat chira, khai and muri at breakfast. On the other hand the urban people take bread vegetables etc. Again some take parata and egg and some take loaves and banana. Those who are old take little breakfast. The rural people usually eat rice and one or two.curries fof lunch. They can't bear the expenses of so many items like the urban people. The urban people `are used to taking eat, rice, curry, fish, vegetables, meat, dal etc. for lunch. Sometimes polao or biriani is cooked on occasions. The dinner of the rural people is just like the lunch. By contrast the dinner items of the urban people are like the lunch items. But nowadays urban people take their main meal at night returning their residence after evening. The urban people also take fast food like burger, sandwiches, noodles, pizza, . pototo chips, vegetables rolls etc. They also eat Thai or Indian or Chinese food. A change is also noticed in drink habit of the urban people. In urban_ area people take ice cream and soft drinks as drink. However, there are some differences in the food habit and meal times . of the rural and the urban people in Bangladesh. Paragraph Development by Comparison & Contrast Uses : to show how two people, places or things are alike or different in order to describe either one more fully. In this type of paragraph both similarities and dissimilarities should be included in the topic sentence. You are to use specific linkers here. is similar to the other hand both however also but too in contrast as well differs from while unlike Similarities and Differences between the Patterns of Eating in Britain and that in Bangladesh There are some similarities and differences between the patterns of eating in Britain and that in Bangladesh but the differences between them are greater. The food habit and meal times of the rural people of the two countries are same. The main meal of the people of Bangladesh is the lunch. Whereas, dinner is the main meal of the British. The British usually have cereal, toast and tea or coffee for their breakfast. On the contrary in Bangladesh the people of the rural areas eat rice and the urban people eat bread, banana, parata, chapati eggs etc. for their breakfast. Though we have got no special meal during a week, on occasions special meals are arranged. In Britain Sunday lunch is the most important meal of the week when a cooked meal is served at midday instead of in the evening and the whole family eats together. In our country specially the rural people eat heavy meals at noon, but in Britain lunch can be a light meal of sandwiches or fruit. Before going to bed the people in Britain have a hot drink like tea or coffee with -biscuits but people in our country are not in the habit of taking these things before going tp bed. OtT'the otherhand today a few people in the towns and cities take a cup of tea or coffee before going to bed. However differences are more than the similarities. Islam and Christianity Islam and Christianity are two of the major religions of the world. Though the two religions are different from one another, they share several basic beliefs and practices. The people of the two religions pray to the same deity whom the Muslims call Allah and the Christian God. The Muslims have a holy book the Quran. In the same way the Christians have a holy book the Bible. The Muslims read the holy Quran to gain religious knowledge. They try not only to mould their characters but also to lead their lives according to the guidelines of the holy Quran. Likewise the Christians also read the Bible to gain religious knowledge and try to lead their lives on the basis of the knowledge of the Bible. The holy Quran is the complete code of life for the Muslims of the whole world. In the same way the Bible is the complete code of life for the Christians. Hazrat Muhammad (Sm.) is the Prophet of the Muslims. In the same manner Jesus Christ is the Prophet of the Christians. All the Muslims believe in the holy Quran, in the sayings of the holy Prophet and in the five pillars of Islam. The Muslims also believe that Islam is their religion. Similarly the Christians believe the sayings of Jesus Christ and the ten commandments. The Muslims believe in the final judgment day. The Christians also have the same faith. Besides, there are many other similarities between the people of two religions. My Father and Mother My father and mother share a lot of similaries. Both of them come of respectable families. They hail from the same district. Both of them are educated. Similarly they want us to be highly educated. My father is a service holder. My mother is a doctor and she works in a hospital. They are sincere to their professions. Both of my parents love me and my brothers and sisters. They are very affectionate and advise us on what to do and what not to do. They possess many good qualities. They are soft-spoken, witty, pious and mild in their behaviour. They go to their offices in the morning and return home in the evening. They like travelling very much. Whenever they get time, they take us to various places of _scenic beauty and places of historical interest. Both of them spend their leisure by watching TV. They also like music. They can also sing well. My father likes modern song while my mother likes Nazrul song. We relish varieties of dishes at home - thanks to my mother's cooking skill and father's encouragement. To me my father and mother are great and I am proud of them. Paragraphs written by students with the teacher's comments A ACCOMMODATION PROBLEM IN DHAKA CITY Our capital city, Dhaka, has become the centre place of all trade and commerce, better education, better treatment and better living. Thousands of industries have been set up here to boost up the economy and provide jobs to millions. The standard of living and education facilities are also relatively high. All this leads to the flocking of people to Dhaka from other corners of the country in search of job, for better education or for better standard of living. There are all kinds of people here -- rich businessmen, office clerks, labourers and even beggars. The last census shows that at present the population of Dhaka is over 1 crore which is certainly much more than holding capacity of the city. This has given rise to many problems among which the accommodation problem is the most acute. The migrated people are facing problems to pay such a high rent for their houses. Moreover, the number of houses is less than that of people. Though the well-off people can find shelter in the apartments of high rise buildings, the lower middle-class and the poor people face serious problems in this regard. Again the high rise apartments have appeared to be a new trend in solving the accommodation problem in Dhaka city. Due to scarcity of space, there is a growing need of apartment among the citizens. The property developers are also competing one another to make higher edifices. Though these apartments look posh having all amenities, they are very expensive and beyond the reach of the middle class buyers. They are also putting pressure on the existing infrastructure of the city. Moreover, these high rise buildings can be death-trap since Bangladesh is an earthquake prone country. In opposite to these happy dwellers of the apartments we see thousands of poor people passing their lives in the open streets of Dhaka. If one walks through the streets of Dhaka, one will see countless people sleeping in line on the pavements, over bridges, railway station. The vendors are sleeping in their baskets, the rickshaw pullers on their rickshaws. Some lucky people can find shelter in the slums though the life is abominable there. These street people are from the villages who have come to Dhaka in search of work. Though these people are leading a distressed life, they seem not to care about it as they work hard all day long and enjoy sound sleep at night. But the situation is worse for the middle class because they can neither live in costly apartments nor on the streets. None thinks of them. Even the government can hardly find any solution to their accommodation problem. Hence concerted efforts are needed to solve the accommodation problem in the city of Dhaka. ACID RAIN Nowadays environment pollution is one of the most talked of topics all around the world. Because, environment pollution causes various disasters to human life. Acid rain is one of them. Acid is a chemical compound, usually a liquid. Acids are usually sour and can burn or damage things they touch. Acid corrodes things. Acid pollution spoils the colour of paint, weakens leather and washes away building materials. Acid pollution can cause damage to trees, lakes, wildlife, buildings etc. When acid instead of water falls from the sky, it is called acid rain. Acid rain contains harmful chemicals. Substances called acids have a sharp taste known as acidity. Ordinary rainwater is slightly acidic. But in severely polluted areas rain can be as acidic as the acids of lemon juice or vinegar. This rain which is very acidic can cause damage to trees, lakes, wildlife, buildings and human health. There is a link between acid rain and damage to human health. Breathing in the chemicals can harm people causing chest illness. Also, when acid rain causes the release of chemicals and metals into drinking water it can damage people’s health. The acid rain that falls on earth mingles with natural water. We get our drinking water from this natural water. Thus our drinking water is affected by acid rain. The acid rain has an adverse reaction on stained glass windows because it fades the colour of glass. In a word acid rain is very harmful. We should take all necessary steps to keep our environment sound and health. Acid Rain Rain water that pours down mixing with acidic substances is known as a acid rain. Acid rain contains various harmful chemical elements created by mills, factories, brick fields, power houses, buses and rail-engines. Acid rain has a sharp taste of acid. The indiscriminate use of toxic chemicals in mills. factories and power houses is the root cause of acid rain. Our ignorance regarding our duties to the environment and main kind is another root cause of acid pollution. The bad effect of acid rain is very dangerous/severe/alarming. Today it has become the global problem. It is very harmful to wild life, trees and forests. As a result it causes imbalance in the environment. It also does a great harm to buildings. It damages the building materials and washes any colour of paints of the building. Owing to acid rain the buildings lose their straight and they gradually collapse. Acid rain also harms the world famous Taj Mahal and the costly buildings which are mainly made of glass. In order to control acid rain, developed awareness must be created, the random and the wide-spread use of various toxic chemicals must be checked. If we fail to control the wide-spread use of toxic chemical, the wild life, trees and environment will be endangered seriously. In a word, our exist on earth and many other historical structure are the victim of acid pollution will be hampered surely The Danger of Acid Violence Acid throwing on human bodies is the worst deed of all. Acid violence is the most inhuman act in this civilized society, (4W Today it is the most heinous and brutal crime in this modern world. When anything is damaged by throwing acid, it is called acid violence. It is one of the most merciless and unpardonable crimes. It is a panic news that acid violence is increasing in our society wonderfully day by day. Mainly women and girls are the worst victims of' this cowardice violence. A young man having no moral sense usually commits this brutal act. Having failed to win the love of girls, some senseless and unwise young people throw acid on. '. bodies. Illiteracy is the root cause of acid throwing in our society. Gender discrimination is another root cause of it. Dowry-hunter husbands also mainly cause acid violence on their wives. Some hunters throw acid on their enemies to take revenge . Social unconsciousness is greatly liable for this brutal act. The effect of acid throwing is very panic and painful. In most cases the acid victims lose their invaluable eves. Acid violence makes their beautiful appearance very ugly as like as ghosts. Some victims become fully paralyzed forever. Those who survive lead a very miserable and sorrowful life. They lose their status and dignity in the society. They are deprived of love and affection of near and dear ones. Developed social consciousness is a must to stamp out this inhuman act. Illiteracy and gender discrimination must be eradicated to stop this cowardice deed. It is high time we started a strong campaign against acid violence in order to build up a happy and 'decent society. ADULT LITERACY Illiteracy is a curse for a nation. It is a serious problem for the overall development of the country. So the necessity of adult literacy programme arises in Bangladesh. To educate the illiterate mass is called adult literacy. This programme views to giving knowledge of letters to the illiterate people. Its main aim is to make them aware and responsible citizens capable of reading, writing and doing necessary calculations which are very much needed in practical life. Illiterate people do not know what is right and what is wrong and are not conscious of their rights and duties. So, to make responsible citizen adult literacy is necessary. Without adult literacy we are unable to control population explosion. In order to develop our country in all respects adult literacy is a must. To remove this illiteracy steps should be taken by the government. Opening night schools at every village should be made compulsory. The poor people should be supplied with all the items which are necessary for learning. For this all of us have come to come forward and to work in collaboration with the government. AFFORESTATION Since the dawn of civilisation man has a close relation with nature. Nature helps us in many ways. And trees are the integral part of nature. They are the gifts of nature. Trees give us oxygen. It saves the soil from erosion. Trees are very essential in a country to cause rains. It forms a natural beauty in a country. It plays a very important role for our existence. But for the development of human civilisation this valuable assets are damaged day by day. The people of our country cut down our trees at random. So, our country is losing her trees. If this process continues, she will turn into a desert. The country will bear the consequences of ‘Green House Effect’. To preserve our environment, afforestation is an urgent. ‘Afforestation’ means planting more and more trees. There is an ample scope for afforestation in Bangladesh. Sea beaches, low lying areas and fallow lands can be brought under the scheme of afforestation with special types of trees suited to the soil. Shady trees and fruit trees should be planted by the side of roads and highways. Trees may be planted in all sides of ponds and tanks in villages. People must be convinced of the need of afforestation. It is the duty of all of us to maintain balance between man and nature for the greater interest of the country and for our own survival. Arsenic Pollution Arsenic pollution has become one of the talked topics of our country at present. It has spread throughout whole Bangladesh in an epidemic form. Arsenic is a poisonous chemical element mixed with water. This poisonous element is found in ground water, such as tube-well water. In different countries, arsenic contamination in water supplies is known to have been caused by dissolving geological deposits which naturally occur from industrial discharges and from uses of pesticides. If a man drinks arsenic contaminated water, he is affected by disease and after many days the symptoms are found. The disease caused by arsenic is known as arsenicosis. Poisoning by arsenic is slow process. It damages the kidneys, the liver, the skin and even the nerves system of body. Long term poisoning might cause also death of the sufferers. Many people in our country are suffering from arsenicosis and many more are being affected everyday. For the prevention of arsenicosis, we should drink only arsenic-free water. Besides this, we have to eat a healthy and balanced diet. To ensure supply of arsenic-free water, we should sink deep tube-wells. Water treatment plant should be established in the rural areas and the arsenic contaminated tube-wells should be identified by red colour. We should remember that arsenic poison cannot be removed by boiling or filtering water. So, all of us should be conscious of arsenic poison and should be careful about using water. It is a hopeful matter that various agencies in the health and water sector such as NIPSOM, DPHE, BWDB and others have begun sampling well-water and looking for medical symptoms as evidence of arsenic contamination and its affected area and they are trying to solve the problem. ARSENIC POLLUTION In our every day-today life we are experiencing new kind of problem. Arsenic pollution is one of them. At present it becomes an important matter for our country. Arsenic is a poisonous white compound of brittle element. Arsenic pollution is very dangerous for health. The presence of arsenic in tubewell water in maximum districts of Bangladesh makes the people fearful. The people of North Bengal are affected greatly. Press reports on this matter are drawing attention of all possible preventive measures. Drinking water polluted by arsenic causes many diseases like sores and stomach trouble. It also attacks the skins of palm, legs. Sometimes the sore turns into gangrene and then to cancer. So arsenic pollution is a great threat to human life. At present there is no medical treatment or medicine that can prevent arsenic pollution. The researchers are trying their level best to find out a remedy to this problem. All the tubewells must be examined and if arsenic is found, drinking of water from that tubewell must be stopped. It is safe to drink pure rain water. Water of pond, river can be made pure and fit for drinking. Arsenic pollution has taken a dreadful shape in the country. So, we should take proper steps to ensure a healthier and happier life to our people by preventing arsenic pollution. DANGERS OF ARSENICOSIS In our every day-today life we are experiencing new kind of problem. Arsenic pollution is one of them. At present it becomes an important matter for our country. Arsenic is a poisonous white compound of brittle element. Arsenic pollution is very dangerous for health. The presence of arsenic in tubewell water in maximum districts of Bangladesh makes the people fearful. The people of North Bengal are affected greatly. Press reports on this matter are drawing attention of all possible preventive measures. Drinking water polluted by arsenic causes many diseases like sores and stomach trouble. It also attacks the skins of palm, legs. Sometimes the sore turns into gangrene and then to cancer. So arsenic pollution is a great threat to human life. At present there is no medical treatment or medicine that can prevent arsenic pollution. The researchers are trying their level best to find out a remedy to this problem. All the tubewells must be examined and if arsenic is found, drinking of water from that tubewell must be stopped. It is safe to drink pure rain water. Water of pond, river can be made pure and fit for drinking. Arsenic pollution has taken a dreadful shape in the country. So, we should take proper steps to ensure a healthier and happier life to our people by preventing arsenic pollution. Adopting unfair means in the examination The adoption of unfair means in the examination means copying in the examination. It does not simply mean copying from books etc. Inside the hall, it includes any sort of malpractice in or outside the hall to succeed in the examination. It is one of the signs of other degenerating conditions existing in out society. Many students without preparing lessons waste their valuable time in gossiping, roaming, playing, travelling etc. As a result they are compelled to adopt unfair means in the hall. By adopting unfair means a student frustrates the very purpose of the examination. Merely committing to memory and vomiting it in the examination halls cannot determine the merit of a student. In order to solve copying in the examination the govt. has taken some preventive measures. First of all the govt. is trying to raise public awareness through mass media. Recently the government has enforced a law that if any student is found copying in the examination hall, she/he will be expelled from the examination hall. If any invigilator is found helping any examiner, legal action will be taken against her/him. Even if outsiders are found involved in helping any examiner in copying, they will also be punished. The government has interchanged the examination centers and formed invigilation teams to monitor the overall condition of the examination center. The very system of education should be changed. Above all the government, the teachers, the guardians, the students, the intellectuals, the politicians and all the conscious sections of the country should come forward to tackle the problem. Air Pollution Air is the most important element of human environment. All biological organisms require air for breathing. But nowadays air is being polluted gradually. Air pollution is very acute in towns and cities. This pollution is caused by industrialization and urbanization. Air is seriously polluted by the factories and vehicles. This polluted air is inhaled by humans and plants. As a result we are falling prey to various diseases. The industries are located in populated areas. So, the noxious gas easily finds a place in the urban homes. Burning petrols and diesels of the vehicles and indiscriminate discharge of the human waste are also causing serious air pollution. Respiratory illness, deafness, blindness and many incurable diseases are the after effects of air pollution. Sometimes leakages of poisonous gas cause sudden death. Air pollution is also causing decay of Ozone layer. Today it has led to a new environment catastrophe. We must take adequate measures to prevent air pollution. Otherwise our health as well as our future generation will be at stake. AIR POLLUTION “I’ll go out for a breath of fresh air” is an often-heard phrase but many of us realise that this has become irrelevant in today’s world, because the quality of air in our cities is anything but fresh. In the recent years, some environment-friendly measures have helped us clearing up much of the visible elements of air pollution but air pollution still can be deadly even if we can’t see it. Air is the most important element of human environment. Man cannot live a single moment without air. But we do not think that it is we who pollute this most vital element. Air is polluted in many ways. Smoke pollutes air. Man makes fire to cook his food, to make bricks burns refuse, melts pitch for road construction and burns wood. All these things produce heavy smoke and this smoke pollutes air. Railway engines, power-houses, mills and factories use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel oil. Again all these things create smoke and cause air pollution. The most serious air pollution occurs in big industrial areas where there are many mills and factories. Serious air pollution also occurs in big cities where there are many buses, trucks and cars plying on the street every day. Sometimes men in big industrial areas become so sick by inhaling polluted air that they cannot be cured. It causes lung diseases and cancer. Clean air is essential for life. So proper measures and steps should be taken to prevent air pollution. To complement regulations imposed by the government, our combined effort is also needed to diminish air pollution.[The introductory two sentences can be excluded or altered if necessary.] Air Pollution Today air pollution has become one of the serious problems in our country. At present- it is a global problem too. Pollution free- environment is the pre-condition for our decent and long life on earth. But now our environment is being severely polluted in many ways. Air is one of the prime elements of our environment. No life is possible without pure and fresh air. But polluted air is very harmful to life. Air is polluted in many ways. It is smoke which is the main culprit of air pollution. Mills, factories, power houses, brick-fields and rail engines emit huge black smoke all the year round. The black smoke pollutes our air drastically Motor and water vehicles also produce a lot of smoke and fume which cause acute air pollution. Cooking food and the burning down of forests, over-population, illiteracy and civic unawareness are also the major causes of -air pollution. The adverse effect of air pollution is very dangerous. It causes various fatal respiratory diseases. These fatal diseases take away/snatch away a lot of valuable lives every year. Air pollution causes serious ecological imbalance. And ecological imbalance causes various natural disasters which damage our lives, properties, crops, forests and wild animals. In order to control air pollution public awareness must be raised. illiteracy must be wiped out , and population problem must be solved lead-free fuel must be used and burnt oil should be avoided to lessen air pollution. Air pollution must, be controlled in order to ensure our happier, healthier and longer life. Adolescence Adolescence represents one of the critical transitions in one’s life span and is characterized by fast paced growth and change which occurs after childhood and before adulthood. The duration and defining characteristics of this period may vary across time, cultures, and socio-economic situations. Among the factors responsible for the change are education, urbanization and spread of global communication. Besides physical and sexual maturation, these experiences include movement toward social and economic independence, development of identity, the acquisition of skills needed to carry out adult relationships and roles and the capacity for abstract reasoning. It is also a time of considerable risks during which social contexts exert powerful influences. Many adolescents face pressure to use alcohol, cigarettes, or other drugs and to initiate sexual relationships putting themselves at high risk for intentional and unintentional injuries, unintended pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections, including the HIV. The use or avoidance of drugs and taking or abstaining from sexual risk can have long-lasting negative and positive effects on future health and well-being. As a result, adults have unique opportunities to influence adolescents. Laws, customs, and practices may also affect adolescents differently than adults. Adolescents depend on their families, their communities, schools, health services and their workplaces to learn a wide range of skills that can help them to cope with the pressures they face and make a successful transition from childhood to adulthood. Parents, members of the community, service providers, and social institutions have the responsibility to both promote adolescent. A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A TEACHER A teacher is the philosopher guide of a nation. She is an idol to her students. All her activities and performances are often followed and imitated by her students. Hence her life style is an ideal one. She is to maintain a routined life for her daily activities. She passes all through a busy day with the exception on holidays. Everyday she is to get up early in the morning. Then she prepares herself and the other younger members of the family for their respective outgoing purpose. After taking breakfast she sends her children to school and she herself goes out for school. In time she arrives at school. So she can get some preparations and photocopying done for the students. She does playground duty as parents deliver their children. She supervises the school assembly. Then she starts classes. In her scheduled classes she delivers lectures and imparts education very cordially. Attending to two or three consecutive classes, she becomes tired. Hence she needs a break. In the leisure hour she takes her tiffin in the staff room. Again she attends to one or two classes till the last bell rings. Then she reaches home. Having wash, she takes her lunch with other members of the family. After that she takes rest for some time. In the evening she cooks for family. She does her lesson plans and preparations for the next day. She spends some time for watching television or enjoying music. Then she takes her supper and goes to bed. Thus she passes her regular day with full of activities. A Day Labourer Everything is possible by means of labour. Without it, nothing can be done or achieved. A day labourer is he who has no land of his own and thus earns his bread by the sweat of his brow. He may work as a sweeper, a black-smith, a mason, a carpenter, a goldsmith, a peasant or a porter. His service is, no doubt, essential for the country. Still now a day labourer is very poor. He lives from hand to mouth. He has no fixed income. If he works daily, he gets wages. During the rainy days, he finds no work and he has to starve along with his family. He can hardly buy clothes or fancy things. He works in factories, ships, mines, agricultural fields and even in games and sports for overall prosperity of a country. He builds houses, sky-scrapers, but he himself lives in slums. He sets railway lines and builds highways. He brings mineral from the bottom of the earth. Thus he performs many kinds of works to earn his livelihood. Though he works hard all day long, he lives in misery and want. So, everyone of us should try heart and soul to improve the lot of these day labourers. If we are sympathetic with them, they will be benefited. Annual Cultural Function of our school Annual cultural function of a school is a ceremony, where different cultural programmes are arranged and performed by the students. The last annual cultural function of our school held on 3rd August, 2006. It is still fresh in my memory we decorated our school premises with colourful papers and banners. In the auditorium we embellished the stage with flowers, festoons and ballons of different colours. Honourable D.C of our district had consented to preside over the accasion. Honourable Education Minter, the chief guest, was accorded guard of honour by the B.N.C of our school. The ceremony began at 10 am. with the recitation of some verses from Holy Quran. I and one of my classmates announced the scheduled programme as a presenter after the national anthem. After that the performances of the students started. Someone danced, Someone song and someone recited poems. There was also some group performances like mime-show and drama. Our class had been chosen to put on a play. I was also acted in that play. Ours was the last performance. The cheering crowd greeted each performance with applause. The function ended with an encouraging, complimentary and educative speech of the chief guest. At last our headmaster thanked the chief guest and other guest for their kind presence. I felt very excited there and I still feel joy when I remember that day. I wish to have the day again and again. Arranging books in a library A library is a room or building where we can read various types of books, journals, periodicals etc. and satisfy our thirst for knowledge. All of the books in a library are organized in some categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their classes. There are two systems for organizing books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the Library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under the Dewey Decimal System, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For instance, Science is assigned with numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called call number. However, in this way books are arranged ip a library. A library can offer us immense knowledge. So, we should visit a library regularly to enrich our depth of knowledge. A Day Labourer A day labourer is a very common figure in our agricultural land. A day labourer is a man who lives by unskilled and manual works. He usually lives in a slum or in a small hut. He has no good house of his own. He is a very laborious and strong bodied man. He lives from hand to mouth. He gets up at dawn After taking some stale rice lie goes out of doors in search of work .He works from dawn to dusk. He gets his wages at the end of the day. Then he goes to market. buys daily goods and returns home. He usually works in the agriculture or in the construction fields. Generally he wears old and dirty clothes. He works both in fair and rough weather. His income is very poor. He has to starvewith his family, when he finds no work. He lives below extreme poverty line. He looks older than his age . He hardly enjoy peace and happiness in life. He leads a very sorrowful and miserable life .In a word, he lives in wants and dies in wants. He is unable to educate his children owing to acute poverty. Inspite of unhappy life, he feels happy because he leads an honest life. Our agriculture, construction works and development activities can not be thought of without his honest labour. In fact, a day labourer is our real friend but he has no dignity ('jolts' Cam) and love in bur society. Necessary steps should be adopted to improve his wheels of lot for our greater interest. A DICTIONARY Dictionary is listing of the words of a language, usually in alphabetical order but sometimes also by topic, with their meanings or their equivalents. A dictionary may also contain pronunciations, syllabications, etymologies (word histories), and examples of usage. The term dictionary is also applied to any systematic list of special terms such as abbreviations, slang, or etymology, or to a list in which the special terms of a particular subject are defined. Some dictionaries focus on particular subjects, such as science, biography, geography, mathematics, history, or philosophy. Some dictionaries are called encyclopedic, because they not only define words but also offer additional descriptive and explanatory information and identify many biographical and geographical names. A famous encyclopedic dictionary is the French 19th-century dictionary-encyclopedia the Grand dictionnaire universel, compiled by Pierre Athanase Larousse. The greatest such American work is the Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia, edited by American linguist William Dwight Whitney. The earliest known dictionaries were kept in the Mesopotamian city of Elba. These clay tablets inscribed in columns of cuneiform writing date from about the 2300s bc and consist of words in the Sumerian language and their equivalents in the Akkadian language. Whatever is done and practiced concerning the use of dictionary in the past; in our modern days, we can not pass a single day without taking help from dictionary while we learn language. ARSENICOSIS In our every day-today life we are experiencing new kind of problem. Arsenic pollution is one of them. At present it becomes an important matter for our country. Arsenic is a poisonous white compound of brittle element. Arsenic pollution is very dangerous for health. The presence of arsenic in tubewell water in maximum districts of Bangladesh makes the people fearful. The people of North Bengal are affected greatly. Press reports on this matter are drawing attention of all possible preventive measures. Drinking water polluted by arsenic causes many diseases like sores and stomach trouble. It also attacks the skins of palm, legs. Sometimes the sore turns into gangrene and then to cancer. So arsenic pollution is a great threat to human life. At present there is no medical treatment or medicine that can prevent arsenic pollution. The researchers are trying their level best to find out a remedy to this problem. All the tubewells must be examined and if arsenic is found, drinking of water from that tubewell must be stopped. It is safe to drink pure rain water. Water of pond, river can be made pure and fit for drinking. Arsenic pollution has taken a dreadful shape in the country. So, we should take proper steps to ensure a healthier and happier life for our people by preventing arsenic pollution ASTRONAUTS The term ‘astronaut’ comes from the Latin word ‘astrum’ (star) and ‘nauta’ (mariner) and is used mostly in English-speaking countries. The International Astronomical Federation define space travel as beginning 100 km (62 mile) above the earth, so some airplane pilots are considered astronauts. Astronauts came into being in the late 1950s, when both the United States and the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) began piloted space flight programmes. Both countries chose military pilots as the first astronauts. Some of the earliest spacecraft were based on the high performance aircraft that these pilots were accustomed to flying. Modern astronauts include scientists, engineers, medical doctors and educators, as well as pilots. On July 16, 1969 three American astronauts were waiting in a spacecraft called Apollo 11. The astronauts were Neil A Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Mike Collins. Four days later, Armstrong and Aldrin landed their Lunar Module in the moon’s Sea of Tranquility. Armstrong and then Aldrin stepped onto the surface and became the first humans to leave their footprints in the lunar dust. They explored the surface and gathered moon rocks for over two hours. The next day they fired off the surface and rejoined Collins in the orbiting mother ship. Finally they returned to the earth. Thus astronauts made great achievements one after another and conquered the unknown. THE ANNUAL CULTURAL WEEK A school is a ground of learning for students in every regard. The school helps students to develop skills in educational and other extra curricular activities as well. In our text book we find that the students of Nurpur High School celebrated their annual cultural week in full mirth and joy. The students were highly jubilant to celebrate the function. One morning Mrs. Amin, the English teacher of class eight came with an announcement to the class. The class was told that they were selected to stage a play during this cultural week. Hearing this, they were enthusiastic enough to stage a play by Shakespeare. As Shakespeare’s plays were difficult and long, it was not possible for them to perform his play. So they were advised to stage a play which was written by Mr. Anis Ahmed and they agreed to do so. After school that day they met Mr. Anis Ahmed and discussed about the play. For a few days they practised a lot. On the scheduled day they made a stage and performed the play called ‘The Ghost’. The programme was appreciated by all. In this way the students of Nurpur High School celebrated their Annual Cultural Week. THE ANNUAL SPORTS DAY OF MY SCHOOL Annual Sports Day is the most eventful and exciting day of the school. On the 10th instant we had the annual sports day in our school. On that day we tastefully decorated the school and put up a beautiful dais on the sports ground in front. On both sides of the dais, sitting arrangement was made for the spectators under colourful canopies. The Chief Guest, the Deputy Commissioner arrived on time and hoisted the national flag just at 9 a. m. The next attraction was the ‘March Past’ of the competitors. After the March Past, the Chief Guest declared the sports open. There were 20 items which were taken up according to the printed programme. All the items were contested well. At the end of every item the names of the winners were announced over the microphone and they stood up on the victory stand. In between the events fine cassettes were played and the whole environment was festive and jovial. When the items were over, the Chief Guest distributed the prizes. Then after a few short speeches were made by the teachers and guests and the function was declared over. The day was a refreshing day from the monotony of routined life. B A Book Fair These days the book fair has become very much popular. It has created a sense of interest for books among us. In a book fair hundreds of pavilions are set up. Miscellaneous books, fictions, textbook, dramas, children books, reference books etc. are displayed in a shop. The stalls are well decorated which enchant the mind of customers. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers take rest and refreshment there. The whole atmosphere wears a beautiful look. The main purpose of a book fair is not s ale but it offers a rare opportunity to assess the advancement made in publication of books. It is heartening to see thousands of people coming to the fair and buying books according to their own interest. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. Both male and female customers gather in a book fair. The writers also visit the fair regularly and sit in some stalls. Seminars and cultural programmes are also held in a book fair. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined culture of a country. A book fair reminds us that books are our best comrades. They can change our outlook of life and widen our domain of wisdom. It is book, which assists us to forget jealousy, malice, superstition and covetousness. After all, we get our most advantages from a book fair and that is why we should purchase book from a book fair or from a bookstall. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined culture of a country. A book reminds us that books are our best comrades. A BALANCED DIET Our body is the construction of food we eat. We must eat to live. For the formation of our body, we need to maintain a balanced diet. It is defined as one which contains food from different groups in such quantities and proportions that can meet the nutritional needs of the body. A balanced diet is one in which the ratio of the elements of food is balanced. It ensures that there are carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, mineral salts and water in proportion to the requirement of our body. Carbohydrate gives us heat and energy. By eating rice, bread, potato, sugar, etc we get carbohydrate. Protein food like fish, meat, egg, dal, peas, bean and milk build our body. Fat gives us heat and energy and prevents decay of the body. We get fat by eating oil, butter and ‘ghee’. By eating leafy and green vegetables, fruit, egg, fish, meat and liver and by drinking milk we get vitamins and also mineral salts. Vitamins and mineral salts keep our body fit for work and keep away diseases. Thus a balanced diet is a system of food in which we get the essential elements of food for our body. CELEBRATION OF 15TH BIRTHDAY A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. Generally one celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment. A Bus Stand A bus stand is the place where the buses stop and where from the start. With the improvement of the roads and highways, the number of buses is increasing day by day. And the importance of the bus stand has become great. These stands can be seen by the roadside. There are a few big bus stands located at the district headquarters or in the big cities including the capital city. Besides these big bus-stands, there are other hundreds of bus stands scattered all over the country. At some bus stands, there are sheds for the convenience of the waiting passengers. Now some of the famous bus stands have ticket counters from where the passengers purchase tickets in advance to book a seat. Usually these are places of great din and bustle. Sometimes passengers are to wait under the open sky if there is no shed for their waiting. At most of the bus stands tea stalls are found nearby. Many passengers, while waiting for buses, go there and refresh themselves taking a cup of tea or coffee. Street hawkers are busy to draw the attention of the passengers. They sell betel leaves, biscuits, breads, cigarettes, pamphlets, magazines etc. Again, some street beggars cry in loud voice with a view to drawing the passengers’ heed. When a bus comes up, there is a usual bustle and hurry among the passengers. Most of the buses are found jam-packed. Yet, people push one another to get on them. Some bus stands are filthy and noisy. Thieves, swindlers and pickpockets are also there in disguise. They sometimes try to misguide the innocent passengers for fulfilling their evil desires. All these pictures taken together remind us of the famous line of the poet, “Man may come and man may go, but I go on forever”. This coming and going sustain the flow of life. Bangladeshi Culture Culture is made up of all of its ideas, ways of behaving, working and playing. We, the Bangali, have an age old and traditional culture of our own. We have our own Language, dress, food habit , games and sports, music, art, literature etc. Our culture is a close knit, family oriented. We have a rich history and collection of folk songs in Bangladesh. Of them Palligiti, Bhatiali, Bhawaiya, Jari, Sari, Gambhira, Lalongiti, Palagaan and songs of Hason Raja are very popular. The traditional musical instruments like dotara, sarinda, bamboo flute, tabla are usually played with these songs. Cricket is the most popular sport in Bangladesh, followed by football . Shalwar Kameez , Sharee , kurta , fatua , lungi are the main dresses. The ethnic people in Bangladesh hold a very important place in the culture of the country. They are mostly farmers. By religion they are Hindus, Christians or Buddhists. Nakshi kantha is a kind of traditional craft and is said to be indigenous to Bangladesh. Our cuisine is rich and varied with the use of many spices. Panta ilish is a traditional platter of Panta bhat on the Pohela Boishakh. We have delicious and appetizing food, snacks, and sweets. The common ones are roshgulla, sandesh, rasamalai, gulap jamun, kal jamun and chom-chom. In a word, our culture is enriched in unique variety. A BAISHAKHI MELA Bangladesh is a land of rich culture and heritage. Baishakhi Mela is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. It is perhaps the largest and most comprehensive celebration of the arts and culture of Bangladesh. It is held on the first day of the Bengali New Year. The Bengalees are all looking forward to welcome the year through this celebration. The Ramna Batamul is the centre, around which New Year celebration have spread around the city and gradually across the country. The festival encompasses exhibition, music, poetry, crafts, theatre, photography etc in the urban area. A ‘Baishakhi Mela’ is an annual gathering. It is a gathering held in villages too. Some fairs are held for a day. Some are held for days together. It is held generally in the open place or on the bank of a river or a canal. All men, women and children gather in Baishakhi Mela in large number. Fancy goods, toys, balloons, flutes, sweets and wooden things are mostly sold and children buy them. Circus parties are the common features of the Baishakhi Mela. They often bring trained small tigers, elephants, monkeys, horses and bears that show funny feats. It is a matter of pride that we celebrate our cultural identity in a true spirit through Baishakhi Mela. Baishakhi Mela A Baishakhi Mela is a fair which usually is held on the first day of Baishakh to welcome the New Bangla Year. Baishakh is a month of enjoyment and merriment of the Bangalees. In fact, Baishakhi Mela is the reflection of the true picture of the life of the rural people of Bangladesh. The importance of the mela is very great to the Bangla speaking people. It gives us new life. Every year the villagers eagerly wait for the happy occasion. Their joy knows no bound Aaqt q;m~ mot) on the day. A Baishakhi Mela is a large gathering of all ages of people of all classes. In the mela, hand-made articles, dolls, toys, flutes, kites, cheap ornaments and cosmetics, bangles , ribbons (Nit), ready-made garments and other village handicrafts are displayed and sold. Sweets, fruits and snacks are also sold here. Doll dance and cock fight are the main attraction of a Baishakhi Mela.Traditional Bangla folksongs are sung and Jatra are also held in the mela. All ages of people attend the mela wearing colourful traditional dresses. A Baishakhi Mela is a great source of amusement and recreation to the rural people. But rural life is dismal and monotonous . So a Baishakhi Mela makes the villagers cheerful and removes the monotony of the routine works. It widens their outlook and breaks away social superstition. It helps to improvethe rural economy too. So a Baishakhi Mela has a great significance to the rural life. Every year I also visit the Baishakhi Mela with my grandfather who is very jolly-minded and humorous. A BIRTHDAY PARTY I ENJOYED A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are many charms in a birthday party because both the guests and the hosts get much pleasure in a birthday party. I have recently enjoyed a birthday party of one of my younger cousins. It was his 13 /14 / 15th birthday. As I am very close to him I had gone to their residence earlier to help him. We together decorated their house nicely. My cousin put on his new dress which my uncle had bought for him. Then the birthday cake arrived, which was the main attraction of the party. It had been ordered earlier. At 7 p.m. the arrival of the invited guests started. My cousin lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food was served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme was arranged after the meal. I also took part in the function by cutting a joke in the party. Everybody became happy to hear this. Then the guests gradually were leaving the function. All the guests left wishing my cousin many happy returns of the day. Finally it was my turn. In the mean time I extended my helping hand to do everything up nicely. Then I took farewell from my cousin. He did not like to leave me but I had to, as I had an important class next day. So I came back and all the night I cherished the sweet memories of the party. [Some information can be excluded to shorten the volume if necessary.] A Book Fair There is a great significance of a book fair in the cultural activities of a nation. Nowadays, book fairs are becoming more and more popular in Bangladesh. These are held in different cities and towns on different occasions of national significance days such as 'Ekusher Boi Mela' in the Bangla Academy Campus. Every year a book fair (exhibition) is arranged in the campus. Book fairs are now held in district towns also. In a book fair some publishers set up stalls. Book lovers such as, the teachers, the students, the poets, the writers, the service holders and some common people crowd there to make their choice and buy books from the stalls. The stalls are beautifully decorated and lighted in order to draw the attention of the customers. Books of different tastes are displayed in the stalls in an attractive way. The distinguished authors personally remain present in the stalls. Consequently, the readers can have a chance to meet their favourite authors. However, a book fair spreads the message that books are our best friends and companions. In fact, a book fair enriches our outlook and makes our life more meaningful. A Book Fair A book fair is a joyful and attractive fair where books are displayed and sold to the common people. Today educated people are very fond of visiting a book fair to enrich knowledge. So a book fair has also become very popular in our developing country. Every year, it is held on some special occasions in towns and cities every year. The Bangla Academy organizes a month long book fair on the occasion of the International Mother, Language Day on its compound. Besides, the famous book publishers also organize book fairs every. year. A book fair usually lasts for a week or even a month. Hundreds of book publishers and book sellers take part in the Ekushe book fair. The stalls sits in rows They are decorated nicely. Books on various branches both in Bangla and English are displayed and sold here. The, ,book lovers and the readers gather in a book fair. It is a large gathering - of students, teachers and educated people, sometimes scholars, writers and poets also visit a book fair. Seminars on books are also held here. Folk songs are also sung in a book fair. A book fair is an important part of education. It helps to broaden our kingdom of knowledge and helps to promote cultural attitude Books are sold at a cheap rate in a book fair. Visiting a book fair forms the habit of reading, buying, writing and taking care of books. Every student and every educated person should visit the book fair every year. I am also fond of visiting a book fair. A BOOK FAIR The purpose of a fair is to display products as well as to create demands in the markets for these products. A book fair is also arranged for the same. Now-a-days, it has become a practice to hold book fairs in our country. In a book fair, hundreds of pavilions are set up. All sorts of books such as, fictions, text-books, dramas, children books, reference books etc are displayed. The stalls are decorated tastefully and thus the attraction of the customers is drawn. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers halt, rest and take refreshment there. The entire atmosphere wears a festive look. It is heartening to see thousands of people coming to the fair and buying books according to their choice. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. The writers also visit the fair regularly. The important book fair in Bangladesh is generally held in the premises of Bangla Academy. It creates a taste and eagerness for reading while the authors and book-sellers get a chance for publicity. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined taste and national culture of a country. Hence our government and conscious citizens should take positive steps to make these fairs more popular if we want to thrive as a nation in this competitive world. BEHAVING RESPONSIBLY A deep relation is in existence between man and responsibility. Responsibility is an inherent quality of man. As a social being man cannot be irresponsible. He cannot be nonchalant to his duties towards himself and to his neighbours. He should be conscious about his responsibilities and be active in performing them. Truly speaking man cannot live alone. He has to live in a society, so in this respect he has to behave very responsibly. Here we can mention the name of Anwar, Kashem and Mina who behaved very responsibly. One day Anwar and Kashem were walking together. They noticed a small crowd near the college pond. They walked fast to the place and found that the people were looking at an old lady who fell down and hurt herself. Anwar recognised the old lady that she was Rina’s grandmother. He requested Kashem to stay there. He ran off to Rina’s house and informed Rina’s mother of the accident. He came back with Rina’s mother and helped the old lady to transfer her to the hospital. While Anwar, Kashem and Rina’s mother were busy with Mrs. Murshed; Rina was attending her little brother. Thus Anwar, Kashem and Mina all have shown their respective sense of responsibility which charms us very much. So, as social beings we all should behave responsibly. Otherwise our existence will lose its value in the society. A BOOK FAIR A book fair is an occasion where we find gathering of books for sale and show. The duration of a book fair is not so fixed. Nowadays, it has become a practice to hold book fairs in our country. In a book fair, hundreds of pavilions are set up. All sorts of books such as, fictions, text-books, dramas, children books, reference books etc are displayed. The stalls are decorated tastefully and thus the attraction of the customers is drawn. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers halt, rest and take refreshment there. The entire atmosphere wears a festive look. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. Both male and female customers gather in a book fair. The writers also visit the fair regularly. Seminars and cultural programmes are also held. The important book fair in Bangladesh is generally held in the premises of Bangla Academy. It creates a taste and eagerness for reading while the authors and book-sellers get a chance for publicity. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined taste and national culture of a country. Hence positive steps should be taken to arrange more fairs in our country. A BOOK FAIR I VISITED A fair is a collection of outdoor entertainment, stalls etc on a large piece of open ground where a huge number of people gather and enjoy themselves. In other words, a fair can be defined as an exhibition of different types of products. Similarly a book fair is an exhibition of hundreds of thousands of books. In a book fair books on different subjects are systematically displayed for the attention of the readers. Recently I visited a book fair. It was held on the premises of the Bangla Academy. I went there with my parents. In the fair, I saw hundreds of bookstalls selling them displaying different types of books. Almost all of the bookstalls were arranged by different famous publications of the country. A few bookstalls were also organised by some leading cultural organisations of the country. As it was evening, there was a huge rush of crowd in the fair. Even it was difficult to walk freely at that hour. I along with my parents went to a number of bookstalls and bought some books. I also attended a seminar organised by the Bangla Academy. After passing some hours there we started for home just after the sunset. It was a nice experience for me which will remain long in my mind. A BOOK FAIR A book fair is an occasion where we find gathering of books for sale and show. The duration of a book fair is not so fixed. Nowadays, it has become a practice to hold book fairs in our country. In a book fair, hundreds of pavilions are set up. All sorts of books such as, fictions, text-books, dramas, children books, reference books etc are displayed. The stalls are decorated tastefully and thus the attraction of the customers is drawn. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers halt, rest and take refreshment there. The entire atmosphere wears a festive look. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. Both male and female customers gather in a book fair. The writers also visit the fair regularly. Seminars and cultural programmes are also held. The important book fair in Bangladesh is generally held in the premises of Bangla Academy. It creates a taste and eagerness for reading while the authors and book-sellers get a chance for publicity. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined taste and national culture of a country. Hence positive steps should be taken to arrange more fairs in our country. A BOOK FAIR A book fair is a fair where a large number of books are displayed. It is usually held on certain occasions. Books of different tastes on different subjects are displayed in a book fair. The fair is normally held fora week for some days and sometimes fora whole month. For example Bangla Academy Boi Mela is held fora whole month. A book fair is place of union of readers, the book lovers, the writers, the publishers and soon. The stalls sit in rows. They arc decorated tastefully. Thousands of visitors gather in a book fair to visit or to buy the chosen books of their favourite writers. There area large number of books. So a reader can choose a book according to his/her own choice. There are also some arrangements for refreshments. Sometimes discussions are held on various topics. Speaking truly, a book fair upholds the culture of a particular society or country. It plays an important role in spreading the light of education and knowledge. Again, books are the best companions of our life. Hence a book fair revives the conscience of a nation. A BALANCED DIET Our body is the construction of food we eat. We must eat to live. For the formation of our body, we need to maintain a balanced diet. It is defined as one which contains food from different groups in such quantities and proportions that can meet the nutritional needs of the body. A balanced diet is one in which the ratio of the elements of food is balanced. It ensures that there are carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, mineral salts and water in proportion to the requirement of our body. Carbohydrate gives us heat and energy. By eating rice, bread, potato, sugar, etc we get carbohydrate. Protein food like fish, meat, egg, dal, peas, bean and milk build our body. Fat gives us heat and energy and prevents decay of the body. We get fat by eating oil, butter and ‘ghee’. By eating leafy and green vegetables, fruit, egg, fish, meat and liver and by drinking milk we get vitamins and also mineral salts. Vitamins and mineral salts keep our body fit for work and keep away diseases. Thus a balanced diet is a system of food in which we get the essential elements of food for our body. BANGLADESH : MY COUNTRY Bangladesh is in South Asia on the shore of the Bay of Bengal. The Bay of Bengal is on the south and the other three sides of the country are surrounded by India but she shares a bit of the south-east border with Myanmar. The Tropic of Cancer and the 90° longitudinal line intersect almost in the middle of the country. She became independent from Pakistan in 1971. The total land area of the country is 1,44,570 square kilometres and population is about 130 million. Almost all the people of the country speak Bangla. English is also used widely as well. There area number of tribal dialects. About 85 per cent of the people are Muslims and the rest are Hindus, Buddhists and Christians. The national dress for men is pyjama and punjabi and for women saree and blouse. But educated people wear generally trousers and shirts and young women salowar and kamiz. The farmers, the majority of the population, wear longi and shirts. Dhaka is the capital of this country and Chittagong, the port city, is called the commercial capital of the country. Cox's Bazar for its silvery sandy sea beach and Rangamati with ever-green hills and lakes are special natural sites worth-seeing for the tourists. The society is generally male-dominated but nowadays both men and women manage the finances and maintain the family. Female rights are acknowledged and they are encouraged in every sector of the country. A BRIDAL PARTY A woman on her wedding day or a newly married woman is called a bride. Hence a bridal party is a party which consists of the bride and her friends and attendants. This party is formed to observe certain rites peculiar to women both before and after solemnization of marriage. They also make arrangement for rejoicings and merry-making. They sing nuptial songs while they help the bride observe various rites and ceremonies. As for example, they perform the ceremony of smearing the person of the bride or bridegroom with turmeric preparatory to marriage. They also welcome the bridegroom and his friends when they arrive at the bride’s house. After solemnization of marriage the ‘ruyyat’ ceremony is observed under the supervision and guidance of the bridal party. It is the young girls of the bridal party that take the bridegroom to the ‘Zenana’ where in a room the richly decorated bride adorned with precious ornaments is kept waiting. She is surrounded by the jovial ladies and gay young girls of the bridal party. The bridegroom is made to sit on the right side of the bride. A big mirror is placed before the bride and the bridegroom. Then they have to exchange looks and to go through certain other rites. The witty devices that the girls and ladies of the bridal party take to put the bridegroom to feminine harassment draw forth a peal of laughter from the assemblage in the ‘Zenana’. In fact, the bridal party, like the bridegroom’s party, plays a vital role in bringing the bride and bridegroom into a happy wedlock. A BUS ACCIDENT Nowadays bus accident has become a regular affair. Many people lose their lives for bus accident. Last week I saw a bus accident. It was 10 am and I was walking along the Hospital Road, Tala, Satkhira to go to my college. A girl was going the same way. Site was a few hands ahead of me. Suddenly she crossed the road. When she was in the middle of the road, all on a sudden a micro bus came on and knocked her down. The micro ran over her. She shouted and fell within seconds. Meanwhile people gatherer round her. She was taken to hospital but doctor declared her dead. This incident really shocked me a lot. Words cannot express my feelings. She is a student of class six. She is the only child of her parents. She is no more. This accident made me very sad. I won't forget this bitterest experience. A BUS STAND A bus stand is a place where service buses stop and start from. After a fixed time a good number of up and down buses touch at a bus stand at different hours of the day and night. In cities there are sheds for passengers at a bus stand. It is a temporary shelter for passengers. Passengers wait for sometime to get on a bus. In some bus stands there are counters for ticket. Passengers stand in a line for buying tickets. Sometimes there is exchange of hot words if anybody breaks the line. A bus stand is a busy place. One bus comes and another stands for. The passengers become busy in procuring a seat. The drivers and conductors are also very busy. Their shouts are heard. They try to get as many passengers as they can. A bus stand is always noisy. There are roadside tea-stalls, small shops and hawkers selling betel leaf and cigarette at a bus stand. Magazines and seasonal fruits are also sold here. It is a useful place indeed. A BUS STAND A bus stand is generally a place where public buses usually stay for some time. Near the place there lies a shed which protects the passengers from the sun and the rain. Sometimes, there is a long queue of passengers in a bus stand. When a bus arrives, there is a rush of passengers to get down and to get into the bus. Taking the advantage of this, pickpockets sometimes pick the pockets of the passengers. There are different types of shops that sell foods, fruits, newspapers and other essentials. Hawkers, with their peculiar shouting, try to sell betels, cigarettes, biscuits, chocolates, newspapers, and such other things. People of all ages while away time here when they get chance. A bus stand in Bangladesh often causes traffic jam because most of the bus drivers do not follow traffic rules. This is a great threat to our smooth communication. So steps should be taken to improve the condition of the bus stands for the betterment of the passengers. A Bus Stand A bus stand is nothing but a halting and starting place for buses. In a bus stand, there is a temporary shed for the passengers. It is open on all sides. The passengers wait here to avail a bus. There is a heavy rush of passengers in a bus stand. When a bus comes, passengers rush to get into it. The passengers who are inside the bus are not able to get down from it due to on-rush of the passengers who try to get into the bus. In this way, pushing and pulling among the passengers go on. In some bus stands, there are book stalls and small tea shops. The hawkers sell betel leaf, bread, chanachur, betel nuts, cigarettes, chocolates, newspapers and magazines etc. Now and then, seasonal fruits are sold in a bus stand. When a bus comes, shouts of the helpers and conductors of the buses are hoard continually. Hawkers try to draw the attention of the passengers by their peculiar shouts. In Bangladesh, most of the bus stands do not have sheds. So the passengers suffer under scorching heat of the sun. They also get wet by the sudden shower of rain. A bus stand is not an attractive place. Yet it is a very useful place undoubtedly. My Last Birthday Party Today birthday is one of most popular and common festivals in any society of the world. It is an important part of our culture. A birthday is a symbol or token of pleasure and enjoyment. The festival reminds our past life. Every year our family celebrates my birthday party very gorgeously. My last birthday ceremony was held at our village home on December 10, 2007. The sky was very clear. Many relatives, friends and neighbour attended the joyful function. I along with my younger sister decorated the house very nicely with coloured papers, flowers and baloons. I put on a new nice dress. Almost all the guests arrived at our home by 5 pm and I received them cordially. Almost all the guests brought some gifts for me. But my uncle brought a nice pilot pen for me and I am fond of the pen very much. All the guests stood around the dinning table. I cut the cake and put out the candles. At that time all clapped and sang, "happy birthday tou." Then, delicious food items were served. All enjoyed the delicious food with satisfaction. In fact. the day was a glorious ceremony. Bangla Academy Book Fair A good book is the constant companion of any good reader. When new books are published, they need to be made known to the reading realm. To draw the attention of the readers and to popularize the reading habit, book fair is organized on different important occasions. Last I visited a book fair in Bangla Academy campus. It was about 5 pm. when I arrived there. The main gate was nicely decorated. Inside the premises there were about three hundred book stalls set up by different publishing houses. It was a fair of books of different interest. The whole area became over-crowded. Many people were walking aimlessly. There were also children. I enjoyed the atmosphere very much. I had an opportunity to meet several famous poets and novelists. I also bought five books on different issues. The main thing about a book fair is not sale but display of books on different subjects. National Book Center, Jupiter Publication, Naboputhighar Publication, Bangla Academy and many other book publishers took part in the fair. I also met Mr. Anisul Haque, Humayun Ahmed, Jafar Iqbal, Imdadul Haque Milan etc at the book fair. C Cyber Café: A site for multidimensional communication Cyber Café is the centre where the Internet users can have an easy access to get all types of information. In a cyber cafe there are arranged many computers with Internet connection. Here one can use Internet paying the required amount of money. Different types of people come to a cyber cafe in quest of different types of information. The modern cyber cafe is established providing the users with all sorts of facilities including fast food facilities. Most of the students go to a cyber cafe to get help from various educational corners. At times they collect information of different universities of the world for higher education and sometimes for better job. Those days are not so far when the students can take their class lecture from anywhere of the worlds. It is also sure that some users go to a cyber cafe for gossiping with their friends through Internet. Again, one can have a telephone call with the help of net2phone and with other popular programmes and devices. Some users go there with a view to checking their emails. Some are compelled to go to a cyber cafe because their telephone lines at home remain busy with normal phoning. Going to a cyber cafe the users can get the advantages of voicemail, email, telephone, web-phone, fax, telex and even videoconference. But for videoconference the cyber cafe requires a web camera or a digital video camera that gives the facility of enjoying movie-live pictures each other of the users. Nowadays a physician can treat a patient staying in other country through Internet. Moreover, the modern professional doctors are getting opportunities to make themselves up-to-date and becoming familiar with the new and latest systems of treatments. Besides these, all types of learners are to go to a cyber cafe not only for solving their perspective problems but also for having an acquisition of wisdom from the online Encarta Encyclopaedia, Britannica and many others. Browsing homepage and purchase-corner, the users can learn the price, quality etc of different products of different companies; and they can order them sending MasterCard, Visa-Card, Ready-Cash etc. through Internet. One can download freeware software, virus-protection tools and many other essentials from the web-site of Internet. Web-TV, 3-D games, virtual-reality, IRC (Internet Relay Chat) and so on cannot but excite our mind with entertainment. But the youngsters sometimes enjoy the taboo and obscene pictures and movies that may harm their moral characters. Moreover, they may spend time and money more than necessary. After all, we can say that cyber cafe is getting more and more popular day by day for its great importance. Culture and Cultural Assault: An adverse effect of satellites Culture stands for the pre-determined notions, norms, values, beliefs, customs, conventions, music, language and ways of behaviour of persons living in a particular zone. It denotes what is good and bad, what is to be done and what is not to be done. It is determined by the society through the day-to-day activities. It does not stand still and it varies from society to society, country to country and time to time. We can rightly boast of an affluent cultural heritage. We have our own cultural traits and its identity. We have miscellaneous songs based on rural and idyllic pictures of life. We have jari, sari, kobi, bhatiali, polligeeti, Lalongeeti, Nazrulgeeti, Rabindrasangeet, marufoti, swariati, murshidi and local jatrapala. We have our own food habits like rice and fish as well as ways of eating. We have our traditional dress like longyi, dhuti, shirt and punjabi for the male and sharee and blouse for the female. Eid, puja, Buddha Purnima, Christmas Day, Victory Day, Pahela Baishakh, Nabanna and Halkhata are some of our distinguished festivals. All these are our culture and cultural traits. On the contrary, culture which is not known and practised in a society is called alien culture. All alien cultures are not detrimental to a society. A native culture may be enriched and ameliorated enough with the influence of some alien cultures. But some cultures have profound impact on other cultures that might be harmful and then it will be a cultural assault. Cultural assault means bad influence of foreign cultures on any native culture. In the present global world it is quite tough to impede this cultural aggression. With the development of hi-tech media, it has been very easy for a society to be infiltrated by alien cultures. Many of the cultural elements may be influenced in this way. Our Bangladeshi culture is mostly affected because of cultural assault of other countries. Our dress pattern especially for teenagers and young generation has altered a lot. Now people like pop song and band music sung in the western style and with western musical instruments. Besides, our eating habits are also being changed. Today many of us like to take fast food outside home using chopstick, fork etc. Now our young generations prefer celebration of 31 December to that of Pahela Baishakh. They never mind celebrating the Valentine’s Day. However, to get rid of the invasion of alien culture, we should be very much strict to exercise our own culture and flourish our cultural elements. In addition to that, we have to accept miscellaneous alien cultures selectively, which will make our traditional culture more affluent. CHILD LABOUR ‘Children are today’s investment and tomorrow’s dividend’. It does not seem to be true when we look at the thousands of children working around us, even before they begin to bloom. Child labour emerged as a serious problem during industrial evolution and it pervades the world as a global phenomenon. In Bangladesh too, it remains a ubiquitous problem. The most glaring causes that have compounded this evil are back-breaking poverty, large families, lack of free and compulsory education and ignorance of parents. Children from 8 to 12 years of age have to do manual labour. Many of them work as domestic servants. Sometimes they are engaged to work in the fields. They work in shops, hotels and restaurants. They are seen to break brick and stones. Some are found to work as street-hawkers, rickshaw-pullers and car cleaners. They work in small factories. They polish boots, sell ‘chanachur’, ‘badam’ and vegetables. They work as porters. In the platforms of big stations, they are found to work as porters and often they are found to beg. Some of them move as pick-pockets. This undoubtedly jeopardises their future for they have no choice except to work. So, all sections of people of our country as well as the government should give serious thought to this problem. The government should think about the grim situation of child labour. Child labour should be stopped by law. CITY LIFE City life is a pleasant to the rich people. They can enjoy all sorts of comforts in cities. In cities the rich people have colleges and schools for higher education. Doctors, nurse and hospitals are available in cities. There is a good facility for trades, commerce and industry in cities. Most of the people have source of earning. There are clubs all libraries which one can join as member, and cinemas that one can enjoy for joy and pleasure. There is also good communication in the town. But city life is not free from defects. Life in a city is complex and difficult. It makes people more or less complex. People in cities are always busy with their own affairs and no time to look after another. City is rather nasty with it dust, filth and boat smell. Vehicles play constantly in cities. Accidents occur here every now and then. Cheats, pick-pockets, hijackers are abundant in cities. Even all necessary things are available in cities. We need for culture, education and amusement. So, we should try to eliminate the disadvantages of city life and this is nothing impossible to do. CHILD LABOUR The manual labour done by children is known as child labour. Today it is one of the most major problems in our developing country. It is an inhuman and brutal act. It is also treated as a sinful act. Child labour has become a very common affair in Bangladesh. The street children and the orphan boys and girls are the victims of child labour. Many of the children are engaged in houses as domestic servants and maid-servants. Today most children are engaged in garment factories, cottage industries, shops. hotels, restaurants and many small industries. Many are also seen selling flowers, betel leaves. chanachur. fruits, chocolates, polishing boots and collecting garbage, torn papers and torn clothes. Many are seen begging and catching fish in canals, rivers. haors and beels. They are also seen breaking stones and bricks, carrying brick on their heads and pulling rickshaws. Many child work as porters, in rail station and launch terminals. They have to work from dawn to desk. They have neither recreation nor leisure. 'They are always misbehaved. Sometimes they are beaten mercilessly. They get very poor wages. They are given stale food. They have no scope to receive education. They are deprived of all basic needs and rights of life. But our children are the future leaders of our country. So child labour must be stopped soon by law. Proper education should be made compulsory for them. Social awareness must be created to stop child labour. Campus Violence Education in our country is passing through a stage of crisis. Along with political unrest in the country, campus violence has become almost a daily affair. It appears that the students are there in our colleges and universities only to be engaged in violence throwing their main duty of learning something to dust. The impact of such violence is too many to be described. It may simply be said that Bangladesh is already educationally backward. The teachers are growing unconcerned about the welfare of the students. The students are growing to be more concerned about politics endless about their studies. They are gradually forming the habit of intolerance. The basic principles of democracy for which they are shouting are going to be slaughtered at their hands. The innocent students and guardians are becoming the worst sufferers. Campus violence not only ruins the academic environment but also spoils the life of the students and takes away many valuable lives. They have become puppets in the hands of the so called narrow minded politicians. The self centered narrow minded politicians exploit the innocent students and encourage them terrorism by supplying them with weapons. As campus violence is a demon and no one like to see it again, the government is also keen to make campuses violence free and making student activism a process of leadership building for future, people concerned want to see immediate steps from the government and elder politicians in this regards. The Curse of Campus Violence Campus violence is one of the most inhuman and brutal acts in our free land. It is a great social curse. Campus violence refers to clashes between two rival groups of the students in the campus of an educational institution. Today campus violence is very a common scene in colleges and universities in Bangladesh. It is a great wonder that a great number of colleges and the universities have turned into the ground of clashes, violence and terrorism. In fact, an educational institution is a sacred place 41-f) to the learners for gaining education as well as knowledge. Parents send their children there to acquire and receive true and better education to make their life fruitful and successful. But this holy place often turns into the sea of blood of the innocent brilliant students. Many innocent learners take arms and weapons in their hands in place of education under the misguidance of some brutal political leaders or the terrorists or the traitors. Ignorance and illiteracy is also mainly liable for campus violence in Bangladesh. It is great obstacle to true and standard education. This brutal ,practice paralyze and averts our social and national development plans and programmes drastically. If violence continues , our all hopes and aspirations will turn into astray. Campus violence must be wiped out at any cost with a view to saving our young society. Public awareness must be raised. In order to wipe out this brutal act, both the teachers and the guardians must be more conscious and watchful of the students. The students should be taught the value of good moral character and patriotism. Child-Labour-in- Bangladesh “Child labour” defines an extremely complex set of phenomena. It is undoubtedly one of the curses of new era. Poverty poses to be a great threat in Bangladesh. Their working in the hotels or in the garments, as a tempo helper or a tokai is really pathetic. Sometimes they are engaged in full time job from tender age like domestic servant, day-laborer. It may involve too much physical pressure such as brick clinker, railway porter. In many places, children are mentally and physically oppressed during their work. But a child has right to live and survive well. Being deprived of basic rights, a child cannot become a perfect man. We should ensure their good leaving. A child should be protected from all kinds of threats and oppressions. He has the right to get educated. We should encourage them to learn. We should also ensure a child’s health and hygiene. We should try to improve their physical and mental development. A child should not be forced into labor. We must not expect income from the children. The world community has to be more conscious about this. Child labor should be banned from the society as soon as possible for a better future of the country because one who is child today will be a perfect man tomorrow. All children should be given equal privileges to grow up in the interest of mankind itself. Child trafficking Child trafficking is a crime against humanity. Trafficking in persons is nothing short of modern-day slavery. It is, therefore, not only a problem for Bangladesh but rather it is a global problem. The most common forms of human trafficking in Bangladesh are, among others: trafficking for sexual exploitation, forced prostitution, domestic servitude, forced labour and other forms of exploitation. Child trafficking is now considered one of the major concerns for Bangladesh. However, various studies reveal that over 1 million women and children have been trafficked out of the country in the last 30 years. A UNICEF report says that approximately 400 women and children in Bangladesh are victims of trafficking each month. Both internal and cross-border trafficking exist in Bangladesh. In the case of internal trafficking, women and children are often taken away from their homes on false promises of a better life with good employment or by using various other criminal acts and means by the traffickers who sell them to brothels. It is mainly people from rural areas with minimal survival options and those who suffer the worst from discriminatory sociocultural practices who are lured or deceived with promises of a better life and more lucrative job opportunities in cities. At the cross-border level, victims are transported and transferred to destinations further away such as India, Pakistan and Middle Eastern countries, by using illegal acts and processes which culminate in the most corrosive forms of human rights violations and a life of unspeakable agony and torture. Cultural Assault Cultural assault means bad influence of foreign cultures on any native culture. Some cultures have profound impact on other cultures that might be harmful and then it will be a cultural assault. In the present global world it is quite tough to impede this cultural aggression. With the development of hi-tech media, it has been very easy for a society to be infiltrated by alien cultures. Many of the cultural elements may be influenced in this way. Our Bangladeshi culture is mostly affected because of cultural assault of other countries. Our dress pattern especially for teenagers and young generation has altered a lot. Now people like pop song and band music sung in the western style and with western musical instruments. Besides, our eating habits are also being changed. Today many of us like to take fast food outside home using chopstick, fork etc. Now our young generations prefer celebration of 31 December to that of Pahela Baishakh. They never mind celebrating the Valentine’s Day. However, to get rid of the invasion of alien culture, we should be very much strict to exercise our own culture and flourish our cultural elements. We can rightly boast of an affluent cultural heritage. We have our own cultural traits and its identity. In addition to that, we have to accept miscellaneous alien cultures selectively, which will make our traditional culture more affluent. Courtesy in the perspective of Bangladesh and other countries Courtesy means showing of politeness in ones attitude and behaviour towards others. It costs nothing but buys everything. The measure of a truly great man is the courtesy with which he treats lesser man. Saying courtesy words like thank you are simple acts of courtesy they make an impact on every one and go a long way in building long lasting meaningful relationships. Few are the words which we use with courtesy ….thank you, you are welcome, i am sorry, excuse me. The traditional greeting for Muslims is Asalamu alaikum to which the response is wa alaikum salam. The hand shake is common although they may feel rather limp. If people are of the same age, they use first names. When visiting a Bangladeshi’s home, it is more common to bring pastries, sweets or good quality chocolates. Patterns of behaviour and action vary from individual to individual, class to class, society to society and country to country. These differences are referred to as cultural differences. What is an appropriate mode of behaviour in one culture might prove inappropriate or even rude in another culture. For example, when Latin Americans talk to each other, they stand about 18 to 12 inches apart, measured nose to nose. To stand further away from each other while talking seems unfriendly, to them. In some Arab countries too, the proper and polite distance for a conversation is to be close enough to feel the other person’s breath. But in British or American society, getting so close during a conversation is considered inappropriate. An example is the informal use of first names among staff holding different status at work. Although it would be a blasphemy for a student to call his/her teachers by their first names in Bangladesh, it is quite common in British colleges and universities. Craftwork A craftwork is an applied form of art, a social and cultural product reflecting the inclusive nature of folk imagination. It, which usually doesn’t bear the signature of its maker, retains a personal touch. It is shaped by the interaction of individual creativity and community aesthetics, utility functions and human values. It is distinguished by its maker’s desire to locate himself or herself in the wider and ever-changing cultural aspirations of the community, and subsequently of the market. Certain forms, shapes, styles and aesthetic preferences change little over time, suggesting that a craftwork can function as a stable signifier of community values and desires over time. Mechanical and mass production take away this feeling of assurance and stability and the sense of continuity that the handmade craftwork evokes. Traditionalists contend that the society needs to preserve the authenticity and naturalness of craftworks and their association with domesticity and environment; and, on the other, promoters of machine production argue that the machine has helped restore the appeal of the crafts due to their cheaper production costs. Crafts that are disappearing can and should be revived, even where the machine has made the prospect difficult. And crafts that are still practiced can be safeguarded and made to consolidate their position further. This can be done by providing grants, loans, assistance and other support to the producers, and helping them find a comfortable customer base. But more importantly, craftwork can be branded and successfully marketed throughout the country and beyond as there are always buyers and users of handmade products who feel a strong attraction towards such cultural productes. A CELEBRATION A Celebration is a matter of joy and merriment. Generally one celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. But recovery or illness is sometimes celebrated if there are many efforts after this recovery. As we go through our text book, Mrs. Murshed’s recovery of illness caused by an accident was celebrated in a usual manner. After her recovery from accident she came back her home and decided to arrange a celebration party. On a school holiday she invited all those young boys and girls who helped her to get cured. She not only invited the young teenagers but also their parents. On the celebration day, everybody was present in her house at scheduled time. At first she delivered a short speech to the guests. She thanked them all for their kind co-operation in her recovery. She also thanked them for their participation in celebration. Then she welcomed all to enjoy the feast. After the feast they enjoyed gossip, story-telling. All these things made the celebration party mirthful and enjoyable. Thus a celebration party can be arranged and enjoyed in friendly atmosphere. A COLLEGE LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. A college library is a part and parcel of any educational institute. It is the storehouse of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. It contains many books of various kinds. There are books of literature, science, philosophy, commerce, history, arts and so on. There are also some biographies, dictionaries and reference books. There are two rows of open shelves in the library. There are also sitting arrangement for the students to study and take down notes. Students can move around the shelves and choose books according to their need. The man in charge of the library is called the librarian. He keeps the records of the library and issues the students books. There are rules of borrowing and using the library books. The library is a quiet place. Students keep quiet when they enter the library. It is an ideal place for study and meditation. A library helps the students to develop their knowledge. All kinds of prosperity of a nation depend on education which is directly related to the library. It is the best teacher if students can use it properly. A COLLEGE CANTEEN College canteen is a stall where the students, teachers, employees and guests can take light snacks as well as rice. This type of canteen is very important for the students because they can take food front there without going outside. If they go outside, it takes a lot of time and costs money for rickshaw fare. The canteen provides the students with various food items ranging from rice to bread, chicken to vegetables, sandwich to singara, coke to tea, banana to grapes etc. There area wide varieties of food for them. They can cat rice and curry or singara and tea. They can sit in the canteen or take away food from there. In some canteens there are facilities like photocopy, computer and boat stall. Students can bay books, pens, pencils etc from the stall. The canteen is usually furnished with chairs, tables. fans etc. Some canteens keep pure drinking water for the students. Students usually come to the canteen during leisure period to take food or tiffin. But some of the students come here to gossip and pass time discussing fashion, politics, personal affairs etc. Some of them come here to smoke and drink water and tea. So, canteen serves various necessities of students– both good and bad. A COLLEGE LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. A college library is a part and parcel of any educational institute. It is the storehouse of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. It contains many books of various kinds. There are books of literature, science, philosophy, commerce, history, arts and so on. There are also some biographies, dictionaries and reference books. There are two rows of open shelves in the library. There are also sitting arrangement for the students to study and take down notes. Students can move around the shelves and choose books according to their need. The man in charge of the library is called the librarian. He keeps the records of the library and issues the students books. There are rules of borrowing and using the library books. The library is a quiet place. Students keep quiet when they enter the library. It is an ideal place for study and meditation. A library helps the students to develop their knowledge. All kinds of prosperity of a nation depend on education which is directly related to the library. It is the best teacher if students can use it properly. CELEBRATION OF A RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL This time I along with our family have visited our village home and spent the Eid festival there. We had reached the village two days before. My two cousins with their families also visited the village. On the eve of the Eid we passed the night in excitement, and made various preparations. Some of us used fireworks and decorated and illuminated our houses. As soon as the day dawned all rose from our beds. We had our bath. Then we dressed ourselves in the best clothes. This being over, all the male members of our family proceeded towards the ‘maidan’ to offer prayers in congregation. We also said our prayer at home. After the prayer my father and brothers came back home and we wished our grandmother, mothers and sisters together. Meanwhile mother and aunts prepared ‘shemai’ and other kinds of sweets. Then all of us took sweets with great joy and merriment. Sweets were also distributed among the poor, friends and relatives. Poor people gathered at the lawn of the houses and my grandfather gave them money and clothes. In the evening we visited the houses of our relatives and passed our time in merry-making. Everywhere we were received with utmost cordiality and hospitality. Then we came back our home. Sumptuous dinner was arranged in our home. At night we all got together and had a gossip for a long time. There we sang songs, cut jokes etc. Thus the day passed through great excitement and bustle. The Last Independence Day I Celebrated The independence Day is one of the most remarkable days in our national life. Our independence/ freedom is our great achievement. Our independence was declared at the mid night of 26th March in 1971. But we won the Victory on the 16th December in the same year. So the 26th March is a red letter day in our national life. Every year our nation observes the gala day to show profound love and homage to the heroic sons who died for the cause of our freedom. All educational institutions, offices, banks and organizations hold/ organize discussion meetings, cultural functions and rallies to welcome the red letter day. Every year our college also observes the joyful day in a befitting manner. The last Independence Day was observed more gorgeously in our college. The college buildings were adorned nicely. Our college arrange a discussion meeting at our college auditorium A local freedom fighter Mr Habib was the chief guest in the function. He hoisted the national flag. The students and many freedom loving persons took part in the discussion meeting. The chief guest and the Principal= spoke highly about the great sacrifice of the martyred freedom fighters. I also took part in the discussion on behalf of the students. All stressed on our poverty and hunger alleviation. In fact, the Independence is a day of joy, hopes and inspirations. The day inspires us to fight and protest against any injustice and inhuman act. Really we are proud of our independence. The Last International Mother Language Day I Celebrated The International Mother Language Day is one of the most remarkable days in our national life. Our Shaheed Dibash February 21 is now observed as the International Mother Language Day. The day is our great achievement. But the 21st February is the mourning day in our national life. Every nation of the world observes the day to show true love and deep homage towards the martyrs of our Language Movement. All educational institutions, offices, banks, political parties and other social organizations hoist the National Flag on the top of their buildings or office and hold discussions meetings. rallies and cultural functions to welcome the day. Every year our college also observes the day in a befitting manner. We observed the last International Mother Language Day with due respect too. The college buildings was decorated nicely. Our college arranged a discussion meeting at college auditorium. Our former Principal was the chief guest of the meeting. The students, many guardians and many educated people attended the discussion meeting. The chief guest and our Principal spoke highly about the great sacrifice of the martyrs who died for the cause of our mother language in 1952. I spoke in the meeting on behalf of the students of our college. The day has a great significance and importance in our national life. It inspires us to fight and protest against any injustice and inhuman act. CELEBRATION OF MY LAST BIRTHDAY One celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme has been arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests have left wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party has come to an end with joy and merriment. Celebration of Pahela Baishakh in College Every year Pahela Baishakh is celebrated across the country to welcome Bangla New Year. It is the first day of Bangla New Year. It is a public holiday in our country. Every educational institution or any office or any organization or any club celebrates the day every year. Every year our college also holds various special programmes on the happy day. This time too we celebrated Pahela Baishakh in our college compound in a befitting manners . Our college chalked out various ' joyful programmes including a discussion meeting and cultural functions. All the students and many I guardians attended the programmes wearing traditional rich dresses. I went to college at dawn with my grandfather wearing traditional dresses and by taking traditional foods like Panta Bath with hilsha fish and green chilly .We decorated the whole college campus with coloured papers and various flowers. Many reputed singers, poets, writers and special guests attended the joyful programmes. The Chairman of Comilla Education Board was the chief guest of the day. I recited some poems regarding Pahela Baishakh. My grandfather sang some sweet songs which were the main attraction of the function. Our Bangla teacher made funs and jokes which made all laugh wonderfully. The chief guests and the teachers delivered valuable speeches about the significance of the day. Our principal declared the end of the function thanking all at 5 pm and I returned home at 6 pm with happy mood. The day has a great importance in our life. It removes the monotony of my routine works, gives joy, removes dismal of mind and makes life cheerful. Climate Change Climate change refers to an increase in average global temperatures due to the consequence of unchecked pollution. Most climatologists opine that boh natural events and human activities are contributing to the increase in average temperatures surrounding the earth. This is caused primarily by the increases in “greenhouse” gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2). However, the main culprits for global warming are carbon di-oxide gas, and pollutants such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons. The destruction and burning down of tropical rain forests, traffic that clogs up city streets, the rapid growth of industry, the use of CFCs, detergents, maritime disaster, human and industrial waste products etc are highly responsible for this change. Now a days global warming has made the environmentalists think about the dreadful consequences. Climatologists predict that midway through the next century; temperatures may have risen by as much as 4 C. This could catastrophically reduce mankind’s ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness, raise sea levels and thereby flood coastal areas and farmland. The alarming news about Bangladesh is that as a result of the rise of the sea level, the lower southern part of the country may one day go under water. Pragmatic as well as drastic steps should be taken to create awareness to stop the causes and sources of emitting carbon dioxide. Tree plantation program should be adopted soon. These are the measures the whole world needs to be concerned with a view to preventing global warming. College Campus Our college campus is an ideal one in the Upazila. Ours is an ideal and renowned college. It has a good reputation all over Bangladesh for its better education, good results and extra-curricular activities. It has a vast area. Our college campus consists of five academic buildings, one administrative building, a rich library building, a big auditorium, a modern science laboratory building, a modern computer club building, a big college canteen building, two modern hostels, a modern beautiful mosque and a big temple. There are also a big pond, a big playground, a beautiful Shaheed Minar in our college campus. About 4,000 students both male and female are studying here. The whole college campus covers 6 acres of high land near the river. There are hundreds of fruit and medicinal trees around the college compound. So the natural scenery of the college campus is matchless and spectacular. Really, our college campus is worth-seeing . It is never flooded . There is a big car park in front of the main gate of the college. Our principal room is housed in the main building. The four academic buildings and the administrative buildings are four storied each. The classes are held in the four-academic buildings. All the building are modern and south facing. So they are well-lighted and well-airy. A disciplined and lively atmosphere exists here. Our college campus is free from any chaos and disturbance. On holidays, the students from remote areas come to our college to make a picnic. We feel proud of it. We always keep it neat and clean. A CULTURAL FUNCTION ARRANGED IN OUR COLLEGE A cultural function is the practical and useful performance relevant to our culture. It gives us joy and helps us to improve our culture. Of many cultural functions I have attended in recent years, I remember the one that took place at our college auditorium in observance of ‘Pahela Baishakh’. The function was arranged by our college authority. Some girls wearing white sari with red corner inaugurated the programme by singing a very melodious song. After that our honourable teacher, Mr. Hasan very beautifully narrated the primitive history of Bangla year. Then started the reciting competition composed by the young poets and based on ‘Pahela Baishakh’. Mr. Nasiruddin, the Principal of our college discussed on the importance of ‘Pahela Baishaka’ in the national life of Bangladesh. The second part of the programme was arranged by different songs composed by the established poets and lyricists. The full audience made the pin-drop silence as some famous new and old singers were performing with superb melody. The third phase of the programme started with the declaring our deep and inborn relationship with ‘Pahela Baishakh’. At the end some tasty food were distributed among all the guests. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. A CULTURAL FAIR I ENJOYED MOST Bangladesh is a land of rich culture and heritage. Baishakhi Mela is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. A ‘Baishakhi Mela’ is an annual gathering. It is a gathering held in villages too. This year along with some of my friends I went to Baishakhi Mela held in the Dhanmondi Club playground. We went there in the afternoon. I found the fair bustling with life. There were various kinds of shops and stalls. They were full of different kinds of things such as toys, handicrafts, potteries, sweets and cakes and many handmade things. The potteries made by the students of Charukala Institute, Dhaka University attracted me most. I purchased some specimens of their potteries only. Prices of things were a great deal higher than I had anticipated. Several book-shops were also there. Children’s books were among them which were sold at a great number. In the evening a discussion was held in which the speakers were from intellectual level of our country. In the fair, people were thronged to different food shops. It also became a place for annual meeting for people. But Baishakhi Mela had a different message to give us. The cultural outlook of the young people ought to be broadened. The authorities should organise more fairs. Our College Canteen A college canteen is one of the important and useful parts of a college. An ideal college should have all teaching aids and necessary tools in order to ensure a standard education. A canteen is a place where the employees or the workers of an office or a bank or an industry or a mill take a tiffin during interval. Today a canteen is very common to any educational institutions. A college, canteen is a canteen belonging to a college. It serves tiffin and drinks to the students, staffs and the .teachers of a college during leisure hours or free time. Ours is a big and old college. More- than 2000 students both male and female are reading here. I am lucky that there is a big and modern canteen in our college compound. It is housed (located) at one corner of the college premises. It is south-facing. So it is well-airy and well-lighted. There are necessary chairs, tables and other tools in the canteen. The college canteen supplies us delicious and healthful dishes. It also supplies us hot tea and coffee. Only the students of our college gather here for tiffin during tiffin hours. No outsider is allowed here. We need not go to outside for refreshment or tiffin. We abide by the rules and discipline of our college canteen. So, a -decent er-14ronment always prevails in our college canteen. A college canteen plays a vital role in saving time and keeping sound health of the students. A standard education is not possible in a college without a canteen. So each and every college should have a good canteen in order to ensure a standard education. A CULTURAL FAIR I ENJOYED MOST Bangladesh is a land of rich culture and heritage. Baishakhi Mela is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. A ‘Baishakhi Mela’ is an annual gathering. It is a gathering held in villages too. This year along with some of my friends I went to Baishakhi Mela held in the Dhanmondi Club playground. We went there in the afternoon. I found the fair bustling with life. There were various kinds of shops and stalls. They were full of different kinds of things such as toys, handicrafts, potteries, sweets and cakes and many handmade things. The potteries made by the students of Charukala Institute, Dhaka University attracted me most. I purchased some specimens of their potteries only. Prices of things were a great deal higher than I had anticipated. Several book-shops were also there. Children’s books were among them which were sold at a great number. In the evening a discussion was held in which the speakers were from intellectual level of our country. In the fair, people were thronged to different food shops. It also became a place for annual meeting for people. But Baishakhi Mela had a different message to give us. The cultural outlook of the young people ought to be broadened. The authorities should organise more fairs. CHARACTER The crown and glory of life is character. Character includes many moral qualities such as honesty, truthfulness, kindness, sympathy, charity etc. These qualities are like jewels. They bring a man of character honour and glory. The character of a man is revealed in his action, speech and manners. Truth is the breath of a man of character. He is always true to his promise. He is a man of principles. He has sympathy for other people. He does good to others. He has a strong control over his passions. Character is more forceful than learning. A man may be vastly learned. But if he has no character, he will be respected by none. A man may not have much learning. If he has character, he wins the love and respect of the world. A man of character is an asset to the state. A nation whose citizens are men of character is sure to live on the world for ever. But a nation, whose members have no regard for honesty and character, is doomed to ruin. Character is the key-stone of success in life. It is more valuable than money and wealth. All the great men of world flourished in life by virtue of character. COMPUTER Computer is an electronic device which stores and processes different data and information in it. Computer was discovered mainly to perform different complicated mathematical calculations. However, it was not invented overnight. It was invented after ceaseless efforts of different scientists. Charles Babbage deserves the glory of inventing and modernising this device. Nowadays its functions are not only confined to calculation but also it performs any work useful for us. People in the modem life can hardly do without it. All mho offices, schools, colleges shanks are very much dependent on computerised automation. In the offices big piles of papers are no longer seen because all the data are stored in computer. Banking facility has risen a lot because of computerisation. We even can enjoy songs, movies and play games on computer. However computer has some bad effects as automation may curtail the human employment in offices. It may cause harm to our eyesight. So, we must be careful of the way we use it. Computer Or, The Uses and the Abuses of Computer Computer is one of the most wonderful and useful inventions of modern science. Wherever we turn our eyes we can see the blessings/ inventions of science. Computer is a great success of science. It does the works of human brain. So it is called an electric brain. At first computer was invented in China. The modern computer was invented by Charles Babage. an American scientist in 1944. So he is called the father of modem computer. There are two kinds of computer like Analogue computer and Digital computer. Today Digital Computer is widely used all over the world. A computer consists of five principal units like the input unit, the output unit, the memory unit, the control unit and the arithmetic unit. A modem computer can do/ perform hundreds of difficult things within a short time. It can solve hundreds of problems within a second. Now it is being widely used in all fields such as education, medical science, agriculture, commerce,business, communication, transport. travelling, sports and games, recreation, factories, banks, shopping etc. It is widely used in printing books and preparing the results of examinations. Students are much benefited by using computer. They can learn many things within a short time. It has some defects too. It may cause brain tumour and weakens/ shortens the eye-sight of the operator. Sometimes it gives wrong information. In spite of its some defects it has wonderfully made our life easy, comfortable and happy. In order to make our life more successful we should learn the uses of computer well. COMPUTER Computer is one of the greatest inventions of modern science. It is operated by software. It is an electronic machine that can perform the work done by human brain. It is used in various ways. It can perform mathematical calculations in a few minutes, which trained mathematicians would need years to complete. The faster computer can handle millions of problems in a few seconds. Without it modern civilisation is meaningless. It is used in every aspect of life. It is used in medical science, engineering, administrative fields, defence, meteorology, astrology, marine science, telex communication, industrial operation, airways, entertainment, research work etc. It has performed an imaginary revolution in the field of information technology. Nowadays Internet is used in innumerable scales. One can get entry to any library of university in anywhere of the world by browsing a computer sitting in Bangladesh. We can visit the whole world just sitting in front of it. A computer promises to free man from monotonous routine tasks. It also can run a business, play chess or even compose music. It is now being used in offices, industries and shopping centres. At present modern civilisation is meaningless without a computer. COMPUTER Computer is one of the greatest inventions of modern science. It is the miracle of modern science. It is operated by software. Without software a computer is useless. It is an electronic machine that can perform the work done by human brain. It is used in various ways. It can perform mathematical calculations in a few minutes, which trained mathematicians would need years to complete. It cannot only solve complex mathematical problems but also perform many operations at once and at the same time without any confusion. The faster computer can handle millions of problems in a few seconds. Without it modern civilisation is meaningless. It is used in every aspect of life. It is used in medical science, engineering, administrative fields, defence, meteorology, astrology, marine science, telex communication, industrial operation, airways, entertainment, research work etc. It has performed an imaginary revolution in the field of information technology. Nowadays Internet is used in innumerable scales. One can get entry to any library of university in anywhere of the world by browsing a computer sitting in Bangladesh. On-line communication is a great advantage for us. It can connect the whole world at a glance. We can visit the whole world just sitting in front of it. A computer promises to free man from monotonous routine tasks. It also can run a business, play chess or even compose music. It is now being used in offices, industries and shopping centres. At present modern civilisation is meaningless without a computer. COMPUTER Computer has become an integral part of life. A computer is an electronic brain which can perform many tasks. It is a versatile device which can compute and interpret information very quickly. Computer is made up of tiny electronic circuits. Every computer has a key board which acts like a typewriter. The monitor is like a TV screen which we can see. There are various softwares which can be used for various programmes. According to functions, the computer processes the information. It can do various tasks. These are nowadays used almost in every field like weather forecasting, entertainment, business, marketing, planning, design, education, publishing etc. They are even used for making films and cartoons. Computers have become so common that these are found in schools, homes, hotels and offices. It has performed an imaginary revolution in the field of information technology. Nowadays Internet is used in innumerable scales. One can get entry to any library of university in anywhere of the world by browsing a computer sitting in Bangladesh. We can visit the whole world just sitting in front of it. People can even be seen using portable computers while travelling. The software for games, general knowledge and graphics are very popular among children. Without it modern civilisation is meaningless. Computer indeed, is a wonder of modern science. A Computer Exhibition/ Fair A computer exhibition is a fair where computer and its functions are displayed and exhibited to the common people. So to make computer,.more popular to every fields, computer fairs are held in towns and cites in every country. Today a computer fair is also very common and popular in our country. Every year-, a computer fair is also held in every capital cities in Bangladesh. A world famous computer exhibition is held at Shere-E-Bangla Nagar in Dhaka every year. A computer exhibition displays different brands and function of computer made by different companies of different countries. Computer soft wares and hard wares are also displayed in a computer exhibition to make computer more popular in every sector/ field. People of all ages gather in a computer exhibition. Specially, science students and computer lovers visit a great extent because the buyers get inspired for buying computers. The value of a computer exhibition is very great in our life. We can learn newer and important information and programmes by visiting a computer exhibition regularly. A science student can learn a lot of valuable and important new informationabout computer world by visiting a computer. exhibition. Character Character is the combination of habits. It is the crown and glory of life. Honesty, truthfulness, sympathy, charity and other good qualities constitute character. A man of character does good to everybody. He is always honest and generous in his views. He is also a man of principle. He is respected by all. He never plays tricks with his friends. He encourages other people also. A man without character is like a beast. He may be rich or educated, but he is disliked by all. He is a curse to the society. Everybody hates him. Such a person lives a miserable life ultimately. Indeed, a man of character is an asset to the state. A child's character is built up from childhood. Heredity is also a great element to build up character. Environmental influence also plays an important role in moulding one's character. Character brings fame. It makes a man immortal. All the great persons of the world were men of character. Thus we should remember the maxim, 'When wealth is lost, nothing is lost, when health is lost, something is lost, but when character is lost, everything is lost'. Our College Common Room A college common room is a place where the students of a college get together and spend their free time by reading books and magazines or by playing indoor games or by gossiping. It is an important part of education. Every school or college belongs to a common room, big or small. A college common room is' one which belongs to a college. Ours is a very old and big college in the district. It has a good reputation throughout the country. There is a big common room for the students in our college campus. It is located on the ground floor of the main building of our college. It is decorated nicely. It faces to the south. So it is well-airy and well-lighted. There is a nice arrangement for indoor games in our college common room. In a word, the students of our college enjoy all recreational facilities in the college common room during leisure hours and off periods. The room has chairs, desks and table and other necessary tools for the students. We spend our leisure hours and off periods in the common room by playing indoor games, by reading newspapers and magazine and by watching educational programmes on the TV screen. The female students usually spend their free time by playing indoor games in our college common room. It is a great attraction for us. We always keep it neat and clean. We abide by the rules and discipline of the common room. A lively atmosphere `f) exists in our college common room. No outsider or smoker is allowed here. It is free from all kinds of pollutions. Without a nice common room, the college life becomes dismal and gloomy. It removes the monotony of hard studies of the student. So a college common room is a must for each and even, college. Our College Hostel A college hostel is a place belonging to a college. A college hostel is very common to every college. Generally the students coming from distant places reside (put up) in the college hostel. Ours is an old and big college in the district. There is a big and modern hostel for the students of our college. It is housed near the big college pond. It is a U shaped and three storied modem building. It faces to the south. So it is well-airy and well-lighted. About 200students reside here. Our college hostel has 30 rooms including a big dinning hall and a big common room. There is a nice and big office room for our hostel superintendent. Prof. Mr. Shaheed is the superintendent of our college hostel. He regularly visits it. In the common room there are all sorts of arrangement for recreation and amusement . There is also a set. of TV at one corner in it. So the students who stay here spend their off periods by watching TV, by playing indoor and outdoor games aril by reading newspapers and magazines. Studious students concentrate on their studies without any disturbance in the hostel. Inattentive students get a chance to concentrate themselves on their studies here. Besides, the weak students can get any help and suggestion from the bright ones in the hostel. 'Me lively and disciplined atmosphere exists in our college hostel. All abide by the strict rules and discipline of the hostel. A hostel has a great value to a student. A college hostel teaches a student how to adjust with others in a new circumstance and helps to make better results in the exam. Our College Magazine college magazine is an annual or periodical publication of the students and the teachers of a college. It is an important part of education. Only bookish knowledge cannot meet the thirst of knowledge of a student. A college magazine plays a vital role in widening the kingdom of knowledge of a student. Almost every college publishes a magazine every year. Ours is an old and ideal college in the district. It has a fame for standard education and extra- curricular activities all over the country. Every year our college publishes an important and successful magazine. The title of our college magazine is "The light of life." A magazine committee is formed in a general meeting of the students and the teachers. The principal of our college is the chief patron of the magazine committee of our college magazine. A senior professor of our college becomes the adviser of the committee. Four members are selected from the senior students of our college. The four members of the committee. assist them for editing and proof-reading and other needful jobs of the magazine. Both the students and the teachers write the necessary articles both in Bangla and English in our college magazine. Our college magazine contains short stories, short essays, poems, riddles, general knowledge etc. The magazine also contains the valuable speeches and messages of the principal and the teachers of our college. All the members of the committee perform their respective duties honestly to publish a magazine in time. A magazine has a great educative value. Both the teachers and the students get scope to show their creative power, thoughts and views through the college magazine. The magazine inspires the students and the teachers to form the habit of reading, writing and buying magazines regularly. Our College Library A library is a room or a building having/ containing a large number of books on different branches of different poets, writers and scholars. A college library is a. library belonging to a college. A library is an important part of education. A school or college can not run well without a library. So every college has a library. Ours is a big and old college in the Upazila. There is a rich library in our college. It is on the ground floor of our college building. It is south facing. So it is well airy and well lighted. It is nicely decorated (TAM). There are 5 thousand books on history, religion, culture, sports and games, computer, science, agriculture and English grammar etc. in our college library. The books are well arranged in selves and in almirahs. The librarian of our college library is very experienced and expert. He is very friendly, helpful, co-operative, dutiful and honest. He always helps us in reading books in library. There is a big reading room in the library. The students can read books in the reading room during off periods. We can borrow books by showing library cards. No outsider is allowed to read books here. It remains open ((*M VM) from I am to 5 pm. We are proud of our college library. We always keep it neat and clean. In fine, it can be said that a college library plays a vital role in making goad results. A CULTURAL FUNCTION I HAVE ATTENDED A cultural function is the practical and useful performance relevant to our culture. It gives us joy and helps us to improve our culture. Of many cultural functions I have attended in recent years, I remember the one that took place at our school auditorium in observance of ‘Pahela Baishakh’. The function was arranged by our school authority. Some girls wearing white sari with red corner inaugurated the programme by singing a very melodious song. After that our honourable teacher, Mr. Hasan very beautifully narrated the primitive history of Bangla year. Then started the reciting competition composed by the young poets and based on ‘Pahela Baishakh’. Mr. Nasiruddin, the Headmaster of our school discussed on the importance of ‘Pahela Baishaka’ in the national life of Bangladesh. The second part of the programme was arranged by different songs composed by the established poets and lyricists. The full audience made the pin-drop silence as some famous new and old singers were performing with superb melody. The third phase of the programme started with the declaring our deep and inborn relationship with ‘Pahela Baishakh’. At the end some tasty food were distributed among all the guests. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. A CULTURAL FUNCTION I HAVE ATTENDED A cultural function is the practical and useful performance relevant to our culture. It gives us joy and helps us to improve our culture. Of many cultural functions I have attended in recent years, I remember the one that took place at our school auditorium in observance of ‘Pahela Baishakh’. The function was arranged by our school authority. Some girls wearing white sari with red corner inaugurated the programme by singing a very melodious song. After that our honourable teacher, Mr. Hasan very beautifully narrated the primitive history of Bangla year. Then started the reciting competition composed by the young poets and based on ‘Pahela Baishakh’. Mr. Nasiruddin, the Headmaster of our school discussed on the importance of ‘Pahela Baishaka’ in the national life of Bangladesh. The second part of the programme was arranged by different songs composed by the established poets and lyricists. The full audience made the pin-drop silence as some famous new and old singers were performing with superb melody. The third phase of the programme started with the declaring our deep and inborn relationship with ‘Pahela Baishakh’. At the end some tasty food were distributed among all the guests. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. Computer Computer is the latest miracle of modern science. It has become a part and parcel of modern age. An American scientist named Howard Aiken invented the computer in 1944. Now its use is world-wide. It has revolutionised modern life and civilization. Its use covers every aspect of life. It has almost become a substitute for man. Nowadays, a computer is used in various ways. It is being used in schools, colleges, banks, hospitals, offices, airports, shops, factories, laboratories and almost everywhere. It is the most sophisticated electronic brain 'doing all sorts of difficult calculations, keeping records and storing data for us'. It is used in "adding up columns of figure or flying an airplane on a fixed beam". In the field of medical examination it has simply done wonders. It is also used in weather forecasting. It solves the unemployment problem to a large extent in our country. It has quickened and simplified the process, which no human brain can do. It has thus saved time and labour. In a word, we can say that it has made our life easier in this universe. THE CELEBRATION A Celebration Party is a matter of joy and merriment. Generally one celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. But recovery or illness is sometimes celebrated if there are many efforts after this recovery. As we go through our text book, Mrs. Murshed’s recovery of illness caused by an accident was celebrated in a usual manner. After her recovery she came back her home and decided to arrange a celebration party. On a school holiday she invited all those young boys and girls who helped her to get cured. She not only invited the young teenagers but also their parents. On the celebration day, everybody was present in her house at scheduled time. At first she delivered a short speech to the guests. She thanked them all for their kind co-operation in her recovery. She also thanked them for their participation in celebration. Then she welcomed all to enjoy the feast. After the feast they enjoyed gossip, story-telling. All these things made the celebration party mirthful and enjoyable. Thus a celebration party can be arranged and enjoyed in friendly atmosphere. THE CELEBRATION OF BANGLA NEW YEAR Different cultures have different occasions. Various cultures all over the world celebrate various events at different times of the year. These range from small 'family occasions like births, marriages and deaths to weeklong festivals involving thousands of people. Baishakh is the first month of the Bangla year. So, people in Bangladesh are accustomed to celebrating the Bangla New Year. The newyear is celebrated traditionally and some people think superstitiously that if they pass the beginning of the year happily, the whole year will go fine. However, people in rural and urban areas don't observe the occasion in the same way. In the rural areas, people make sweets and pithas, wear. new dresses and arrange feasts. In important areas. fair is held. In these fairs, people buy and sell their hand-made articles which include earthen pots, dolls and different toys. Children like to buy sweets and light foods. In some places cultural functions are arranged. In urban areas, the celebration differs but not much. In cities people come out of their houses early in the morning. Men wear punjabi-pajamas and women wear yellow and white sarees. People gather at a place where cultural activities are arranged. These cultural activities include dancing and singing. Rallies, procession and fairs arc also held. People like to eat 'pants bhat' and hilsa fish which can be bought at fairs. People feel joyous and happy as they celebrate the new year. Corruption Bangladesh is beset/ troubled with various frightful problems. Corruption is one of the most major problems in our country. Corruption means illegal and dishonest activities of the high authority of different sectors. Now-a-days corruption has become a very common word to each and every authority of every sector. Our some brute politicians and some police men are also greatly liable for corruption. Now it is a very common practice to the politicians, to the officers and to the clerk. During the last three times Bangladesh has been identified as the most corrupted land in the world. There are many reasons of corruption in Bangladesh. Greed and dishonesty are the main causes of corruption. Unpatriotism and bad moral character are also the another prime causes of corruption. The effect of corruption is very alarming and panic. It has already sucked up the life of our national economy and broken down the back bone of our development. Our development plans, efforts and programmes have been destroyed tremendously. As a result, various crimes, offences, sinful acts and lawlessness have increased in ever fields s and sectors. Our productive sectors and agriculture are almost dead. Extreme poverty and price hike are going on in our country. Owing to the corrupted people must be punished and controlled with an iron hand in order to reach our desired goal. All conscious people along with government must come forward to prevent and root out corruption from the country. It is a happy news that our present government have already adopted and started campaign to stamp out corruption from the country. If we fail to wipe out corruption, our 'freedom will be meaningless. CRISIS IN THE CITIES ‘God made the country and man made the town’. Therefore town is a product of man. Town life has some distinct characteristics. The people living in the cities suffer from different types of crisis in the cities. It is very costly to live in the city. People in cities find life very busy and routined. They can hardly ever stand at one place for long. They are continuously entrapped in motion and rush. They must move as must the water of the river. Everyone tries to have his interests fulfilled. So they are selfish to the backbone. At every step a person meets deceit, fraud and dishonesty in the city. People have little or no sympathy for one another. The city grows in a small area with a large population. The houses here are congested. Light and air cannot enter into it freely. Here life is threatened by severe environmental pollutions caused by dust, smoke, buzz, smell of carbon mono-oxide, continuous obnoxious sounds of motor vehicles and factories, filths and hardened touch of bricks tiles and pavements. Cars, buses, taxies, lorries, scooters and rickshaws ply along the streets from morning to midnight. There are street accidents, traffic jams. All these tell upon the nerves of the people living in the town. My Daily Routine Without maintaining a daily routine our life can not be successful and fruitful . A daily routine is a must to everyone to make a decent life. So, everyone should maintain a daily routine. A daily routine/ life denotes ("M) the dally activities of our life. I am a student of class xi. I maintain/ follow a daily routine properly. I get up from bed before sunrise. I wash my face and hands and say my morning prayers at mosque in time. Then I walk in the open field for half an hour. Then I have my breakfast go to my reading room and learn my lessons for two hours. Next, I take bath and my meal. I start for college at 9 ann. Our Language Day has been recognized as the International Mother Language Day on the 30th General Assembly of the USNESCO on November 17 in 1999. Different organizations and institutions chalk out different programmes on the day to pay proper homage to our language martyrs. On the day thousands of people of all ages and classes assemble at the Central Shaheed Minar on bare footed to show respect and love to the language martyrs. February 21 reminds that these who died for mother tongue are always alive in the hearts of the country men. DAILY ROUTINE My day starts just before the cock crows. I leave my bed early in the morning and take preparation for my morning prayer. After saying my prayer, I walk in the field adjacent to our house for half an hour. As I return from my walk, I feel like a second spell of sleep. But I have to get up soon because mother never allows me to remain in bed after sunrise. I start my studies at 6-30 and prepare my lessons till 9-30. I go to bathe then. I finish my bath and breakfast quickly. I start for school. Our school sits at 10-30 a. m. and breaks up at 3-30 p.m. I always listen attentively to what my teachers say and teach in the class. I go home straight after school. Then I spend the afternoon with friends in the playground or in the house of one of our friends, then home again as darkness starts falling. I wash my hands, feel and mouth. Mother brings me some light refreshment. Then I sit at my desk and do my study for at least three hours. When it is time for eating, all the members of our family meet in the dining room. We eat together and exchange our day’s experience with one another. Then we pass some of our time in watching television. This is the time when we have some fun and feel absolutely relaxed. I generally go to bed before it is 11 o’clock. This is, in short, the description of a usual day in my life. But I don’t follow this routine all the days of the week. There are departures from it on holidays. On holidays, I am very busy with my personal sundry tasks. But I perform my daily activities smoothly and enjoy equally everyday of the week. D Deforestation: An unwise act leading to disasters Deforestation means cutting down trees in large number. The causes of deforestation are many. Bangladesh is one of the most densely-populated countries in the world. Her population is much more in proportion to its area. This huge number of population needs more food, shelter, agricultural land, fuel, furniture, medicine etc. People cut trees for various purposes. Most of the villagers cut down trees to use them as fuel. Some of them use trees as wood, wooden furniture and some sell trees for getting quick profit. There are some dishonest people who cut trees in the forests to make money. The effects of deforestation are too many to describe. This destruction disturbs our ecological balance. The existence of wildlife is going to be threatened. Due to deforestation carbon dioxide is increasing worldwide. As a result, the world is becoming warmer. The sea level is rising and many parts of the world are going to be engulfed by the sea in near future. On the other hand, new areas of the world are turning into deserts as a result of deforestation. The removal of trees causes birds and other animals living on them to leave the place. It also causes serious damage to the soil, as trees give protection to soil as well. Aftermaths, the soil gets sediment in the riverbed and causes frequent floods. So, if we destroy trees at random, one day the country may turn into a great desert. All living animals and birds will not find any food or shelter to live in. That’s why they will be destroyed. There will be no rain and as a result our agriculture will face a great crisis. The temperature will rise and it will cause green house effect. The country will be unsuitable for living and various natural calamities like flood, drought, storm, earthquake etc. will visit our coun try. Immediate measures should be taken to prevent deforestation. People should be made aware of tree plantation through mass media. And tree plantation programme should be extended throughout the country so that we can make our country evergreen, fruitful and prosperous. CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF DIARRHOEA Diarrhoea is a common disease in our country. It is an epidemic. It usually breaks out after the visitation of floods and in scorching summer season. People who do not maintain the cleanliness are often attacked by diarrhoea. Every year many people including children are attacked by diarrhoea in our country. When people are attacked by diarrhoea, they suffer from the deficiency of water, which is called dehydration. Diarrhoea spreads through contaminated food and water. So drinking unsafe water or eating contaminated food causes diarrhoea. In some areas people live in congested houses and drink contaminated water. Such people are often attacked with diarrhoea. The patients feel weak and vomit every now and then and emptying of bowels are frequent. People attacked by diarrhoea feel thirsty and suffer from malnutrition. If this situation continues, the patient gradually grows weaker. Sometimes the condition becomes so fatal; it even causes the patient death. To recover from illness, primarily rehydration mixture is prescribed to the patients. Along with the oral saline, patients are advised to take all types of food items regularly. To prevent diarrhoea people should drink safe water, eat fresh food and keep the environment safe and healthy. They should wash hands with soap or ash before eating and after using the toilet. Using sanitary latrine is indispensable for keeping the environment healthy. Above all, Maintenance of cleanliness is a must for a patient of diarrhoea. THE EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION Tree is one of the most mentionable gifts of nature. In many ways it is very useful to us. Trees produce oxygen which is the vital ingredient for life. Besides, we need them for many more reasons. Trees make the land fertile. They save the land from erosion. They provide us with wood and other products. They give us shade and they help to prevent droughts and floods. They cause rain. They save our houses from cyclone and tidal bore. They also provide us different types of crops and nutritious fruits which are full of food values. Above all, trees make a balance in the environment. So life cannot be imagined without trees or forest. On the other hand, we know ‘deforestation’ means removing trees or forest from one place. A very few people care to plant new trees. Our country is now at a deficit in necessary timber. One of the main reasons is that people in rural areas indiscriminately cut trees for getting firewood. They use it as fuel. But our people are simply careless for planting new trees in the place of the old one. If there are no trees, there will be little or no rainfall. Then there will be a great change in the whole atmosphere. As a result the whole country may turn into a desert. So, Rabindranath, the great poet rightly said, “Give back the forest, take your town.” Hence we have to realize the bad effect of deforestation and plant more and more trees in the roads and highways, in the houses and there where a land remains unused. Diaspora The term diaspora is used to refer to the movement of people who have left their ancestralhomelands and settled in other parts of the world, either because they were forced to do so or because they wanted to leave on their own. The word is increasingly used for such people as a collective group and/or a community. Its origin is traced in thousands years back. In the Bible there is reference of diaspora. In the history of human civilization, we find a number of events of it. The world has seen many diasporas but scholars have been studying the phenomenon with great interest only in recent decades. They have distinguished between different kinds of exoduses based on its causes such as imperialism, trade or labour migrations or by the kind of social coherence. Among the great diasporas of history is that of the Jewish people, who were forced to leave their lands in ancient times. Their ancestor Abraham was forced to leave Iraq and took shelter in Egypt. Then his offspring Jews were forced to leave Egypt and settled themselves in Palestine. In twentieth century history, the Palestinian diaspora has attracted a lot of attention and been a cause of concern for world leaders because of the plight of Palestinians. The movement of Aryans from Central Europe to the Indian sub-continent thousands of years ago is also a noteworthy diaspora, although the causes of this diaspora are unclear. There have been massive diasporas in Africa, too, over the centuries, either because of war or because of the ravages of nature. But the chief reason why the phenomenon of diaspora is attracting so much attention now is globalization. DIARRHOEA Diarrhoea is a common disease in our country. It is an epidemic. It usually breaks out after the visitation of floods and in scorching summer season. People who do not maintain the cleanliness are often attacked by diarrhoea. Every year many people including children are attacked by diarrhoea in our country. When people are attacked by diarrhoea, they suffer from the deficiency of water, which is called dehydration. Diarrhoea spreads through contaminated food and water. So drinking unsafe water or eating contaminated food causes diarrhoea. In some areas people live in congested houses and drink contaminated water. Such people are often attacked with diarrhoea. The patients feel weak and vomit every now and then and emptying of bowels are frequent. People attacked by diarrhoea feel thirsty and suffer from malnutrition. If this situation continues, the patient gradually grows weaker. Sometimes the condition becomes so fatal; it even causes the patient death. To recover from illness, primarily rehydration mixture is prescribed to the patients. Along with the oral saline, patients are advised to take all types of food items regularly. To prevent diarrhoea people should drink safe water, eat fresh food and keep the environment safe and healthy. They should wash hands with soap or ash before eating and after using the toilet. Using sanitary latrine is indispensable for keeping the environment healthy. Above all, Maintenance of cleanliness is a must for a patient of diarrhoea. DEFORESTATION ‘Deforestation’ means removing trees or forest from one place. This is the problem haunting the whole world. According to the ecologists, for liveable environment there should be forest on the 25% land of the total land area. In Bangladesh there is 16% forest of the total land. To meet up the basic needs of food and housing, man is destroying forest without caring for the ecological imbalance. Our country is now at a deficit in necessary timber. One of the main reasons is that people in rural areas indiscriminately cut trees for getting firewood. But our people are simply careless for planting new trees in the place of the old one. Green patches of land are no more green. New areas of the world are getting deserts as an immediate effect of deforestation. The removal of trees causes the birds and other animals living on them to leave the place. It also causes serious damage to the soil, as trees give protection to soil as well. Moreover, the soil gets sediment in the river bed and causes frequent floods. In absence of trees carbon-di-oxide is increasing worldwide. As a result, there is global warming. The sea level is rising. Any time in future the earth may be engulfed by seas. Hence we have to realise the bad effect of deforestation and plant more and more trees in the roads and highways, in the houses and there where land remains unused. The Curse of Deforestation Deforestation denotes the indiscriminate cutting down of trees and the burning down of forests. Today it is a global problem too. It is getting very acute form all over the world day by day. Everyday huge fire wood is used as fuel in brickfields and for cooking food. Besides, a lot of wood is used for making furniture, houses, boats, ships, shops and many other purposes. Illiteracy is the root cause of defore8tation. Population explosion and acute poverty are the major reasons of deforestation in our country. Public unawareness is the another principal reason of this unwise act. As a result of deforestation, carbon-di-oxide is increasing in the air rapidly. It causes global warming. It hampers ecological balance. It brings about various natural disasters .It affects our agriculture drastically. It also causes acute river-erosion which engulfs huge cultivable land, many houses, roads. culverts, schools and colleges etc. every year. Deforestation endangers the wild life and our decent life on earth. As a result of deforestation, the sea-level is increasing at an alarming rate. Random destruction of trees and forest must be stopped by enacting new and strict law and by creating social awareness and by removing illiteracy from the society. Population problem must be controlled and early marriage must be banned. The widespread use of wood must be stopped and the danger of deforestation should be telecast widely through mass media. Tree plantation programme must be made successful to subdue deforestation. Drug addiction Drug addiction refers to such state of not being able to stop taking illegal harmful substances like heroin, opium, marijuana, morphine, cocaine, phensidyl etc that people take through smoking, inhaling or injection. It being a brain disease leads to changes in the structure and function of the brain . It can lead to a range of both short-term and long-term mental and physical health problems. Unemployment problem, environmental factors, political unrest, family feud, lack of love and affection lead a man to frustration which is the main cause of drug addiction. It destroys us morally, physically and financially. Dependence on drugs can create a number of dangerous and damaging complications. People who are addicted to a drug are more likely to get an infectious disease, such as HIV, either through unsafe sex or by sharing needles. Young people involved in crimes to get money for taking drugs. Behavioral changes may cause marital or family conflict and custody issues. It can also cause declining performance at work, absenteeism and eventual loss of employment. The best way to prevent an addiction to a drug is not to take the drug at all. Drug-addicts must be treated with love and kindness. A strong, stable bond between you and your child will reduce your child’s risk of using or misusing drugs.The society should take strong measures to control the dishonest businessmen and drug-traffickers. The highest punishment of dealing in or smuggling drugs is death in Bangladesh. There are laws of drug-control all over the world, yet drug-addiction is increasing gradually. What is needed an anti-drugs consciousness among the youth of the different countries. Dowry System: A heinous social curse The most heinous system prevalent in our country is the dowry system. We often read in newspapers that wives especially newly married girls are tortured by their husbands in all possible ways. It is, therefore, regarded as a social evil and has become pressing problem to be solved. To eradicate this social evil, we must find the loophole and one should remain satisfied with mere laws and by-laws or enactment of some rules. Total change in the outlook of the society is the crying need at this moment. As it is a social evil, we are to tackle it socially. Society must be free from the idea of disparity and false feudal values, which do not recognise woman as the equal partner of man. Social and public boycotts are two of the main weapons that may be used. Additionally, strong legal measures should be taken against the erring parents who are indulging in this practice. Young men and women must come forward to put an end to this disgraceful system. Very often we move from one seminar to another, but there is no co-ordination between our words and our actions. We are not evaluating our movements, nor monitoring actions. While on one hand the dowry-related crimes continue to increase, on the other hand the programmes aimed at stopping dowry also continue to flourish. Of course, we should not belittle the struggle that has been continuing against dowry. As the problem of dowry springs from a male-dominated, poor and backward society, the movement against this issue must include socio-economic, cultural, political forces and women’s organisations. The political parties and government must match word with action. General inequality is a major cause of dowry. Improving women’s position in society would be an effective measure against dowry. The over-extravagant expenses for weddings and marriage-related functions must be curtailed as the bridegrooms often take dowry so as to meet these costs. The girl’s guardians must also be conscious about the issue. A girl should be brought up to be self-dependent. There is a tendency for the girl and the girl’s family to simply tolerate the oppression because of risk the marriage’s breaking up. The families must resort to legal action rather than encourage the girl to bear the oppression due to social shame and honour. Educated girls are also asked for dowry, but the poor illiterate girls have no alternative if abandoned by their husbands for dowry. Unfortunately in the rural areas, the daughters of poor farmers often study and work in order to earn enough money to pay dowry. The activists of all spheres against dowry must keep these factors in mind to eradicate dowry effectively. Dowry System Dowry means property or money brought by a bride to her husband when they get married. Nowadays the system of giving and taking dowry in marriage is more prevalent in Bangladesh. To eradicate this social evil, we should remain satisfied with mere laws and by-laws or enactment of some rules. Total change in the outlook of the society is the crying need at this moment. Young men and women must come forward to put an end to this disgraceful system. The political parties and government must match word with action. General inequality is a major cause of dowry. Improving women’s position in society would be an effective measure against dowry. The girl’s guardians must also be conscious about the issue. A girl should be brought up to be self-dependent. There is a tendency for the girl and the girl’s family to simply tolerate the oppression because of risk the marriage’s breaking up. The families must resort to legal action rather than encourage the girl to bear the oppression due to social shame and honour. Educated girls are also asked for dowry, but the poor illiterate girls have no alternative if abandoned by their husbands for dowry. Unfortunately in the rural areas, the daughters of poor farmers often study and work in order to earn enough money to pay dowry. The activists of all spheres against dowry must keep these factors in mind to eradicate dowry effectively. Digital Bangladesh Digital Bangladesh means digitalizing Bangladesh by ensuring an ICT based society where information will be available on line. Here all the possible tasks of government or semi-government will be performed using digital technology. The motto of digital Bangladesh is to establish technology based digital governance, e-commerce, e-agriculture, e-production, e-education etc. The benefits of digital Bangladesh are many. If we can establish a digital Bangladesh, corruption will be reduced radically. It will make people think globally and connect them with the whole world economically, socially, politically, academically and even culturally. It will improve our banking and financial activities. Agriculture, health, education, commerce – all these sections will be highly benefited by making Bangladesh a digital one. To make our country digital first of all, uninterrupted power supply has to be ensured and we have to develop computer network skill and ensure equitable access. Finally, our education should be computer based and in primary and secondary schools students should get easy access to the computer. Some products like software and TV programmes are also amenable to digital transmission. We will be able to buy and sell goods through the electronic screen if we can make a Digital Bangladesh. Undoubtedly, encouraging development towards digitalization of Bangladesh by 2021 can be possible. The ambitious dream for a Digital Bangladesh will remain a dream if the government can not equip the people with the technology needed for establishing the digital era. Duties of a Student Or, Students and Social Service Students are the greatest force as well as the future leaders of a Country. They can build or destroy a nation. The primary duty of students is to acquire knowledge and to make themselves worthy citizens. It is needless to say that they get much time for merry making, playing, amusements, touring etc. apart from their routine life of study.Then they should pay attention to the welfare of the society. Students have no worries about earning their livelihood. They have strength and capacity. Students should go to the villages and serve the villagers during vacation. They can make the illiterate masses aware of their rights and duties. Hence the students can guide the people of digging canals or constructing educational institutions. Sympathy and fellow feeling should be imparted the students to do some noble works for the people. Students can co-operate with people on matters of public interest such as education, sanitation, trade and commerce. Students can participate in cleaning drains, ponds during the leisure hours. They can help people during natural calamities such as earth quake, flood, drought, cyclone by collecting funds from different sources. Students have a spirit to work but the guardians and, teacher should guide them in the right way. Student must be the servants of humanity. The aim of all true education is to teach a man how to live and lot others live. A student can learn this though social service. He gains experience, courage and confidence. Thus social service makes him fit for the greater world. DENGUE FEVER Dengue fever is a disease of Aedes mosquito-borne infection. Aedes mosquito bites during day and transmits dengue virus. It breeds in clean stagnant water both indoor and outdoor. If a person is infected, its symptoms become apparent in four to six days. Dengue virus originating from Africa, is now endemic in most tropical countries of Asia. According to the information of medical science at first dengue fever was experienced at Philadelphia in 1780. Death due to infection of dengue fever occurred in Australia in 1837. Dengue fever has broken out in Bangladesh in recent years. There are two types of dengue fever. They are classical dengue fever and Dengue Haemmorrhagic fever is fatal and it causes death with bleeding. There are four serotypes of dengue virus, such as DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4. DEN-2 and DEN-3 are more serious. Dengue mosquito is about 5 millimetres in size with stripe on the body and legs and can fly up to about 50 metres at a time. It breeds in small pots, jars, drums and discarded plastic containers and tyres. It lives on blood and it Aedes female mosquitoes cannot breed without blood. There is no antidote of dengue virus. So we should take immediate action to prevent this disease. DRUG ADDICTION Drug addiction is a social problem. But it is no longer a social problem of specific society, it has become a global issue. The number of drug addicts has increased all over the world. Especially, in the under-developed countries the picture is very alarming. Many young people have become addicted to drugs in our country. Reasons for this addiction are many. Of them political interest, unemployment, lack of family ties are some of the main reasons which make them addicted to drugs. Out of complete frustration they become drug addicts. Drug traffickers also play a major role to instigate the young generation to this fatal habit. Once anybody takes to this habit he can hardly give it up. Many young people who suddenly become drug addicts find difficult times to buy the costly drugs marketed by the organized drug dealers. When their financial sources to buy drugs become exhausted, they commit many social crimes. Their crimes include looting, hijacking, killing, robbery and abduction. Drug addicts also become a burden for the society. They never enjoy sound health and become crippled, in most cases die, very shortly. Drugs have serious bad impacts on the human mind and body. It is a serious national issue of utmost importance. The government, the police, the local civil administration, the political parties, the parents and the common people must respond to the issue with concerted efforts to stop this fatal practice among the young generation of the country. The Curse of Drug Addiction Or, Drug Addiction Drug addiction means strong attraction for taking harmful drugs such as wine, opium, morphine and heroine etc. It is the most injurious habit of a man's life. It is a curse to human civilization Today it has become the global problem too. When a person once starts taking drugs, he cannot stop taking it. It is an alarming news that many students in our society have already addict to drug-addiction. Bad association is one of the prime causes of this henious habit. Unemployment problem, restless politics and lack of family ties are liable for this dangerous habit. Some people take drugs to forget their past painful and sorrowful memories, some for amusement and some as a fashion. In order to collect money, the addicts commit various social crimes and sinful acts such as hijacking, smuggling, stealing, snatching, looting, killing etc. An addict always feels drowsy (sleepy) and suffers from severe headache. He totally loses his dignity in the society. He also loses the love and affection of his near and dear ones. Various natal diseases engulf him. He suffers from physical weakness, s, high blood pressure and many other fatal diseases. His kidneys and livers also get damaged seriously. This dangerous habit leads an addict to death. It is high time we started a strong campaign against drug addiction to save our young society as well as the nation. Illiteracy and ignorance must be driven away from the society. Social awareness can play a vital role in eradicating drug addiction. If we fail to stamp out this terrific habit, our all development plans and efforts will be fruitless and meaningless. EARLY RISING Early rising is the habit of getting up from bed early in the morning. It is a very good habit. The habit is beneficial to health. The man who rises early finds time to take some sort of exercise or a walk in the morning air. The morning air refreshes both body and mind. This certainly improves our health and increases our capacity to work. The habit gives us an opportunity to enjoy the beauties of Nature. There is a calm and serene atmosphere everywhere. In the morning all Nature is fresh and beautiful, trees are vocal with the songs of birds, flowers smile everywhere and the din and bustle of the day is absent. Enjoyment of these natural beauties sharpens our feelings and makes us cheerful and healthy. The beautiful gifts and coloured nature in the morning remind everybody of the Almighty. An early riser has many advantages. The habit enables him to begin his day’s work early. He has, therefore plenty of time to do it thoroughly. He gets the start in everything before others, who keep late in bed. He is never in haste. As he has more time to work, he can earn more and thus becomes wealthy. So, the habit of early rising is the source of health. Early Rising Early rising is one of the good habits of a man's life. The habit of getting up from bed early at morning is known as early rising. This good habit plays an important role in making a life successful, comfortable, fruitful and happy. Regarding this good habit there is a wise English saying. "Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise." In fact, it is a true proverb. Fresh air and pure oxygen are very essential to sound a health and long life. It is the only early riser who can enjoy fresh air and pure oxygen in the morning. The fresh and cool air refreshes both our mind and body. An early riser gets enough time to finish his works properly in time. He never puts off his today's work for tomorrow. The student who rises early in the morning can learn more and can make a better result in the exam. On the other hand a late riser can earn poor and leads a poor and sorrowful life. He is deprived of the facilities and pleasure of life. He is deprived of enjoying the real beauty of nature. But an early riser leads a happier, healthier and longer life. I am an early riser. So I am healthy and always make a better result in the exam. Early rising is a great source of health, wealth and wise. This good habit should be formed .1t from the very childhood in order to lead a decent life. Early Rising Early rising means getting up from bed early in the morning. It is a good habit which greatly helps our mental and physical development. An early riser can take the fresh morning breeze and enjoy the beauties of nature. To walk or to take physical exercise in the open air is good for health. It makes us active, strong and energetic. If a man gets up in the early hours of the morning, he can begin his day's work early. An early riser gets enough time to perform his duty and does not suffer in future for want of time. Generally we remain undisturbed by noises of the ordinary world in the morning. As a result, we can concentrate ire our work. A student who rises early in the morning can learn and remember his lesson better than those who get up late. A late riser can not enjoy the blessings of the morning. Sometimes he performs his duties hurriedly and thus he can not do his work according to schedule. He suffers from ill health and temperament. Therefore, the habit of early rising should be formed from early stage of life. In a word, early rising makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. DUTY TOWARDS PARENTS Duty towards parents is a great virtue. Indeed parents are second to none in this world except God. They are the only source of our lives on earth. Parents are our best friends and well-wishers on earth. When we were born first, we were quite helpless. They tenderly brought us up and looked after us during our infancy. So to speak, there is none to love us more like them. We have many duties to be done for our parents. As parents sacrifice everything for our happiness, it is our bounden duty to serve them and look after them in all possible ways. Particularly we should look after them when they become old, helpless as we were in our childhood. We should supply their needs properly. When they become weak, sick and infirm in old age, we should look after and nurse them with tenderness and care. We should fulfill all their wishes. We should not do anything that may hurt their feelings. A son who is not obedient to his parents can never prosper in life. On the contrary, obedience and performing duties to parents bring happiness, pleasure and satisfaction in life. In short, duty to parent is endless. So, every son every son and daughter should serve parents by obeying their orders, their advice and by looking after them with due care and heartfelt love. DUTY TOWARDS ELDERLY PERSONS A common saying goes that childhood is a dream, youth a blunder and old age a regret. Many of the old, aged, elderly persons continue to be battered, strangled to death, rendered homeless and forced to live the last few years of their life in loneliness and despair. Elderly persons are the people of greater age, experience and authority. They were the strength of our civilisation. In every locality there are lots of elderly persons. We can take many effective measures for them. We can extend helping hand to elders. We can raise a fund for the welfare of the older persons. By this fund we can establish an older persons’ inn. All the helpless older people of the locality will be able to stay there free of living cost, medical treatment cost etc. With the help of the wealthy section of society we can provide them all kinds of human rights for their recreation and reminiscence. We can arrange gathering for them. Whenever they are in any kind of trouble we can come forth to help them. We can let them know the current information of the world. We can include them in our working opportunity. Social awareness can be raised for the welfare of the elderly persons. We must be kind to them. We must treat them as they treated us when we were helpless babies creeping upon the earth. In a word, the elderly persons should not be neglected anyway. Dengue Dengue is one of the commonest mosquito-borne viral diseases in human.It causes 50-100 million infections every year in tropical countries of Asia, South America and Africa. It is caused by dengue virus, which is transmitted by the daytime-biting of an infected Aedes aegypti mosquito. Dengue mosquito lives in cool, dark places and around homes, schools and other areas in towns and villages. The female mosquito lays her eggs in clean, stagnant, exposed collection of water like barrels, drums, pots, flower vases, plant saucers, tanks, discarded bottles/ tins, tyres etc. and a lot more places where rainwater collects. The first symptoms of the disease occur about 5-7 days after the infected bite. Symptoms of dengue include fever, headache, severe backache, flushing of the face. If anyone suspects dengue, he should consult with a physician. In a fraction of people bleeding from nose, gum, skin occurs, they can also develop shock. Those patients need hospitalisation for intensive care. To prevent dengue, people should be advised to use mosquito coils, sprays and other mosquito repeliants during the daytime. Babies, old people and others who may rest during the day should use mosquito nets. Curtains can also be treated with a suitable insecticide and hung at windows or doorways to kill or repel mosquitoes. Since mosquitoes which spread dengue breed in stagnant water, all water containers should be kept covered at all times. Discarded containers in which water collects e.g. bottles, cans, bags, tyres etc. should be destroyed. Water from air coolers, tanks, drums, buckets etc. should be drained out. Control measures should be taken by the city corporation along with NGO's & citizen to eliminate adult mosquitoes and eradicate their breeding sites. Dengue Fever: A disease due to unhygienic environment Dengue fever has become the ‘talk of the country’ of Bangladesh at present. It has spread throughout whole Bangladesh in an epidemic form. It is a virus fever. There are four different antigenic varieties of dengue viruses and all are transmitted by the daytime biting of adies aegypty mosquito. They are DEN-1, 2, 3 & 4 serotypes. From these viruses, two forms of dengue are recognised. One of them is classical dengue fever and the other is dengue haemorrhagic fever. Classical dengue fever is characterised by the abrupt onset of fever, malaise, headache, facial flushing, troubles pain. This pain is worse on eye movements, conjunctival suffusion and some backache that is a prominent symptom. Lymphadenopathy, petichae on the soft palate and skin rashes may also occur. This classical dengue fever is recovered by seven days. The patient of classical dengue fever should drink adequate water, take complete rest, drink a lot of liquid food, wash whole body with wet-cloth and finally should take the tablets of paracitamol group to decrease the fever. Dengue haemorrhagic fever is very severe. It is believed to be the result of two or more sequential infections with different dengue serotypes. If the symptoms of dengue haemorrhagic fever of a patient are found, we should take him to the hospital and consult with a doctor immediately. We have to wash the patient’s body again and again with a wet-cloth to mitigate fever. At the extreme case, it may be bleeding. The patient may be given paracitamol but never should be given aspirin group. It is a disease of children and has been found in South Asia and Africa. Adies lays its eggs on standing or stagnant water in the holes of trees, plastic bottles, plastic cans, tin-pots, tyres, green coconut plates, polythene bags etc. All of us should be conscious about the eradication of adies mosquitoes and should take necessary steps for that. Besides, government should highlight it through different media and should take essential measures to protect dengue fever. DEBATING Debating is a part of education. It is not only interesting and amusing but also has an educative value in sharpening people’s wits and brightening their intelligence. The students of the reputed school form a society for the purpose of carrying on debates on various subjects. It is known as debating society. In a debate a particular subject is chosen first. The persons of a debating society divide themselves into two groups. One group supports in favour of the subject and another opposes the subject. Both sides try to charm the house by their arguments. The discussion brings out the merits and demerits and ascertains through argument whether it is acceptable or not. At the end, the President clearly explains for and against the subject and closes the debates. Debating develops the power of thinking and expressions of the students. Through this, students get practical training to cultivate reasoning power and the power of thinking. Debating develops a student’s power of speech. It helps pupils to speak logically and relevantly. Debating widens the domain of knowledge. Above all, debating itself is a good education. DANGER OF SMOKING Smoking is a very dangerous habit. People addicted to smoking often suffer from heart attack, chronic bronchitis and some other fatal diseases including cancer. One puff of cigarette smoke contains fifteen billion particles of injurious matters. Nicotine is one of them. Nicotine is so bad that it obstructs the flow of blood through the veins. This reduces the supply of oxygen in the body. It causes the rise of blood pressure and increases the heart beat thereby. Secondly, tobacco tar inside the lungs slow down the action of the cilia and at last destroys them. But cilium is important for sweeping out the germs, mucuses and dirt from the lungs. Thirdly, the presence of carbon mono-oxide in the tobacco smoke drives out the oxygen from the blood and it is equally bad for health. It also harms the nerves, damages the brain and sometimes spoils character. People addicted to smoking lose their appetite for food and energy for power. Smoking can cause irritation in the eye, offend the nose and unsettle the mind. Besides, it also pollutes the environment and air. Smoking is so dangerous that the stench of cigarette is repulsive to a non-smoker. Moreover, it wastes a lot of money. So, smoking needs to be given up and it can be done with a bit of determination. DOWRY SYSTEM Dowry is a social curse that has centered into every comer of our country. Dowry system refers to the system or custom in some societies in which a wife or her family must pay money or property or the both to her husband when they get married. The money or the property given is known as dowry. This abominable system is very disgraceful for any woman of self-respect. Women are the victims of his heinous system. The whole family of the bride is to suffer because the parents or brothers of the bride are to arrange the money to give the bridegroom or to his family. Socio-economic, cultural and religious factors are responsible for this detestable system. In some societies it is established as a social norm and they have accepted it normally. A poor husband wants to get a sum of money from his in-laws to start a business or to spend. In some societies it has been a culture to give and take dowry. But Islam does not support taking or giving dowry. The Hindu law withdraws the right of a woman's paternal property when she gets married. For this reason she along with her husband does not hesitate to take dowry. Due to this system the father's family of a bride often gets bankrupt. Dowry system also demeans women. A social awareness against dowry system is a must to stop this evil practice. The conscious and respected people should come forward to stop it. We should even adopt a law against this system. The Curse of Dowry Dowry is the most inhuman and alarming custom in our society. It is a social curse . But this evil social custom was more severe in the early age. A wife or her family is forced to pay money or jewellery or furniture to her husband when they get married. The money or property given is known as dowry. A poor family in our society having a maiden (unmarried girl) faces a severe problem owing to this evil custom. The poor parents can't arrange a marriage ceremony of their unmarried daughters due to dowry. Today this heinous custom is very common in our society. The poor and the illiterate girls are the worst victims of this vicious and heinous custom. Almost everyday the grim picture of this brutal sight is seen on TV screen or in newspapers. Gender discrimination is the root cause of it. Illiteracy and ignorance is another root cause of dowry. Extreme poverty and social unawareness are also great causes of this evil custom. Social superstition is another reason of it. The poor parents have to suffer much to meet up the illegal demand. This evil practice harms the dignity of the women society. It hampers severely peace and order in the society. It commits various crimes and sinful acts in the society. Owing to dowry system many parents have already become helpless and landless. In order to get rid of this evil custom social awareness must be raised. Illiteracy, ignorance and social superstition must be removed from the society. True female education should be ensured and new and strict law must be enacted and enforced against this brute custom. DRUG ADDICTION Drug is usually used as medicine to cure diseases. But sometimes it is taken by some people for stimulating effect. This habit of taking harmfuldrugs is called drug addiction. Heroine, opium, morphin, cocaine, phensidyl etc are some of the drugs. The person who once starts taking drugs cannot stop taking it. There are some reasons behind people's getting addicted to the detrimental drugs. Some people take drugs to forget their painful past or memories. Some people take drugs as a pursuit of pleasure. There is also another type of people who at first take drugs as a fun but it turns into an addiction later on. The aftermaths of drug addiction is very dire and despicable. The health of the addicts breaks down. The addicts lose their mental power and courage. He feels drowsy and loses appetite. They lose their social status and the love of their near and dear ones as well. Various kinds of diseases grasp them. They suffer from amnesia, insomnia, nausea, physical weakness, blood pressure and from many other lethal diseases. Their kidneys and livers also get damaged. Drug addiction is not only a national problem but also a global problem. So, it should be stopped by any means. I can save myself from it by self-consciousness, by keeping myself aloof from bad companies and by being strict. minded against it. THE LIFE OF A DAY LABOURER A day labourer is he who has no land of his own and thus earns his bread by the sweat of the brow. He may work as a sweeper, a mason, a carpenter, a goldsmith, a peasant and an earth digger. His service is essential for the country. He produces crops by his hard labour. He cleans dirty places and makes them habitable. He builds houses, skyscrapers. He sets railway lines and builds highways. He works in the dockyard. He helps making launches, steamers and barges. He carries heavy loads of earth and digs canals. It is he who also works in ports. He works in mines. Drilling in gas-fields is made possible by his labour. In this way he performs many kinds of works to earn his livelihood. A day labourer is very poor. He can hardly make his both ends meet. He has no fixed income. He gets wages if he can hardly buy clothes or fancy things. He lives in slums. In some cases, he is found passing his time in gambling and drinking. He does not think of the future. So, he leads a hard and miserable life. We should find out ways and means to raise his position. E Environmental Pollution: A cause of health-hazard Nature, air, water, land and all other things around us in which we live are called environment. Any unexpected and abnormal change in chemical, physical and biological characteristics in environment is called the environmental pollution. Now our environment is getting polluted every moment in many ways. In major cities and towns motor vehicles, mills and factories are creating fume and smoke and they pollute air. Man makes fires to cook food, to make bricks, to melt tar for road construction and to do many other things. Fires create smoke and pollute the air. Railway engines and powerhouses create smoke by burning coal and oil and this smoke pollutes the air. Water, another vital element of the environment like air, is also polluted in many ways. Man pollutes water by throwing waste into it. Chemicals, fertilisers and insecticides get mixed with water in rivers, canals and ponds, and thus pollute water. Mills and factories also throw their poisonous chemicals and waste products into rivers, canals and seas and water is polluted. Moreover, water vehicles, unsafe drains and unsanitary latrines are also responsible for water pollution. These days many rivers and lakes are getting filthy. Forests and trees are being cut down on a large scale. So, the ecosystem of the environment is now in great danger. The noise of motor vehicles, mills and factories, aeroplanes, domestic appliances, radios, cassette players, CDs, televisions etc pollutes sound and this polluted sound affects our hearing. The government must take effective steps to prevent the pollution. People of all classes should come forward to control this environmental pollution because it is necessary for our own existence. EID FESTIVAL Eid-ul-Fitr is the greatest religious festival of the Muslims all over the world. It is celebrated with great joy throughout the Muslim world. All Muslims, especially the young ones, remain eager for Eid as it draws near. The very thought of it fills a Muslim’s heart with exceeding joy. During the month the Muslims fast, pray and make sacrifice. The month of Ramadan is the month of fasting and prayer. As an essential part of Islam, the month-long fasting prohibits all wrong, inhuman and harmful acts. It is a month of self-analysis and self-restraint. A Muslim passes through all the trials and rigours of the month. He is thus purified in heart and disciplined in character. When this month is over and the month of Shawal begins, his joy knows no bounds. Eid-ul-Fitr takes place on the first day of Shawal. On this day the Muslims make charity and give a fixed amount of money to the poor. Eid is also a communion of souls. It is the occasion for thanksgiving to the Almighty Creator. Eid is certainly an occasion for joy by pious Muslims who follow the commandments of Allah during Holy Ramadan. Eid in fact awakens in us the spirit that stimulates us in giving a concrete shape to our worldly and spiritual life. The common scene on Eid day is exchanging greetings after prayers, visiting family members, friends and neighbours. Thus Muslims resume their normal life after Ramadan. They become enriched and better prepared to work according to the dictates of Islam. On this occasion, we should pledge to establish an exploitation-free society on the basis of religious values and that is how we should observe Eid-ul-Fitr. An Eid Day I Celebrated Or, A Religious Festival I Enjoyed The Eid is one of the greatest festivals of the Muslims. The Muslims celebrate two Eid festivals a year. One is called Eid-ul-Fitre and another is Eid-ul-Azha. Eid-ulFitre appears to the Muslims after the month of Ramadan. The other appears/ comes after 70 days. I come of a respectable Muslim family. Every year, our family celebrates Eid-Festivals very nicely. On the last Eid day I got up frombed before sun rise. After washing hands and face I said my morning prayer. I along with my younger sister decorated our house very nicely with coloured papers. flowers, festoons and baloons. Then I took/had my.bath with my neighbouring friends. At morning mother cooked very delicious foods like piais, semai,fimi, birani and many others sweets. I ate them with my heart's content. Then I put on dress. I went to the Eidgah Maidan with my grandfather, father, uncle, elder brother and cousins. After Eid-prayer, I embraced with our villagers. On returning from the Eidgah, I visited our neighbours and relatives. All the members of our family ate a rich food together at noon at home. In the afternoon I enjoyed a friendly football match held on our village playground. At night I enjoyed many interesting programmes on the TV screen. Thus, I celebrated the last Eid Day with great joy. An Eid-Day has a great importance in our life. It awakens love and affection. It also teaches us that there is no difference between high and low in the eye of Allah. Eid-ul-Fitr Eid-ul-Fitr is the biggest religious festival of the Muslims all over the world. I ho Eid marks the end of the month-long fasting of Ramadan. The Muslims curiously wait for this significant day after keeping away from all sorts of wrong, inhuman and harmful activities on this day and the Muslims come closer to one another and exchange their greetings. The pleasure of the children knows no bound. They put on new dresses and visit houses of one another. On this day Muslims get up early in the morning and say their morning prayer. After taking bath they put on new dresses that is Punjabi and pajama and go to Eidgah to say their Eid prayer. After completing the prayer, they embrace each other and exchange greetings saying Eid Mubarak. Then they come back home and salute their elders. They take their foods especially made on that occasion. Wearing new dresses they go out to visit the friends, neighbours and relatives. On this day, we should pledge to establish an exploitation free society on the basis of religious values. Indeed Eid-ul-Fitr is a day of joy and happiness. It teaches us to love to all irrespective to rich and poor. E-mail E-mail is one of the most useful and wonderful inventions of modern science. Modern science has made impossible possible by inventing many useful and wonderful tools and devices. It has brought about the whole world to our grip . E-mail is one of the most useful means of communication in this new era E-mail communication is user to user via a computer. It is easier and cheaper than fax, telephone and telex. Telex is also an electric mail. Telex service is terminal to terminal while E-mail service is user to user via a computer. Privacy is fully maintained in E-mail service. Any messages can be sent from one corner to another of the globe within seconds by using E-mail service. Office-files can be exchanged easily and quickly by using this service. Now trade and commerce greatly depend on this rapid communication service. E-mail system has quickened the activities and transactions of any offices and banks, trade and commerce. Our student society enjoys a lot of advantages by using E-mail service. They can discuss with their teachers sitting at home through E-mail. They can also do library works and get necessary academic information through this useful service by staying at home. It has also quickened the globalization process. Besides, E-mail service saves a lot of papers and times. This service has made our life very easier and happier. Email service should be made more popular in order to make our programmes and plans more successful and fruitful. Earthquake Earthquake is the tremor caused either by volcanic eruptions or by sudden dislocation in the rock structure underneath. That Bangladesh lies in the active earthquake zone is not unknown to Bangladeshis. There are two schools of experts regarding earthquakes. One school comprising of engineers and geologists is of the view that the recurrence of quakes in recent years should be taken as a signal for a major earthquake. Another school comprising of similar categories of experts, however, believes that the concern should not be amplified, because although there arc a number of fault lines in the geographical area comprising Bangladesh, none of them is active enough to pose a major threat. Yet none of the schools rules out the possibility of a major quake and the dangers that might be associated with it. An earthquake causes unaccountable damage, and sometimes heavy destruction of life and property. During an earthquake, it is unsafe to remain inside a multi-storied house. It is better for the inmates of houses to come out in the open at the time of an earthquake. In Japan, an earthquake is a common phenomenon. It takes place frequently than in other countries in the world. In Bangladesh, earthquake is, however, felt from time to time in mild form in different parts of the country. Alarmed by the recurrence of quakes during recent years, experts have called for the development of an earthquake resistant building code that all buildings should follow as mandatory to reduce the losses. E-mail Electronic mail, popularly known as ‘e-mail’, is the communication of textual messages via electronic means. E-mail is delivered to individual electronic mail boxes based in computers. In order to operate an e-mail system we need a personal computer, a modem and a telephone connection. An important advantage of e-mail is its ability to reduce the consumption of paper in the office. Internal memos and reports can be exchanged electronically without using paper. Being a computer-based messaging system, files prepared on computers can be instantly copied and easily exchanged as e-mail. E-mail turns out to be a cheaper alternative to telephone conversation and eliminates the time spent in establishing phone calls. E-mail permits communication between two parties without the parties actually being present simultaneously. Privacy is ensured as the mail is delivered to an individual’s mail box which can be accessed or opened only by the intended recipient. E-mail has brought about a revolution in modem communication. Messages can be transmitted from one country to another within seconds. E-mail transmission is very speedy. It is four times faster than FAX and ten tmes faster than telex. Trade and commerce has become greatly dependent on this speedy mode of communication. It has, however, not reached every one, especially in developing countries like ours, as most people cannot afford to have a personal computer. But even here people have started using commercially operated e-mail facilities for important purposes. Email Electronic mail or simply E-mail is very much popular now-a-days for its speedy transmission of information’s and cost effectiveness. Hence information provided by a sender is delivered asynchronously to a point where it can be retrieved and processed later on by one or more recipients of the sender’s choice. In an E-Mail system, there is a number and the sender keeps on dialing the desired number till he/she is successful. Once it is connected, the PC terminal of the sender sends the message to the PC terminal of the recipient at a very high speed. There is no need of any physical presence of both the sender and the receiver. The sender can enter the message and the receiver can retrieve it whenever he/she is free. The message will remain in PC’s memory. The transmission of messages is usually done through landlines or satellite communications or through marine cables. E-mail has lot of advantages to its credit. It is cost effective. Very less money is required In comparison to other transmission device. It is time saver. Within very short time messages can be sent. There is no need of presence of either the sender or the receiver. Once the message is entered into PC’s it will remain in the receiver PC’s memory. E-mail transmission is very speedy. It is four times faster than FAX and ten times faster than telex. There is the system of using password which each subscriber can choose to use. Hence E-mail gives security of message. Eve–Teasing Bangladesh, a developing country, though holding quite a small area is flooded with uncountable problems. Among these, eve-teasing, recently has become the burning issue for the country because of its adverse effects on women, especially to the teenage girls. Eve teasing has remained a concern since many years. The practice of eve-teasing is a form of sexual assault that ranges in brutality from catcalls, sexually evocative remarks, brushing in public places and very recently teasing by mobile phone and mobile tracking. These teasers wait in front of girls’ schools and colleges and as soon as they cite the girls walk past them they start passing bad comments, dirty jokes, sly whistles, uncivilised laughter, and sometimes reaching the extreme of rude publicity. Due to the rise of eve-teasing in our country, parents and guardians are passing days in great anxiety for the safety of their children. The normal life of girls is being hampered due to its rapid increase. Strict enforcement of laws and motivational campaign can go a long way in reducing the incidence of the social menace. The government of Bangladesh has pursued a number of legal measures, both direct and indirect, to minimise the violence against women and uphold their rights. If we want to get rid of this practice we need to change our attitudes and engrave a self generated respect for women coming from our hearts. Etiquette and Manners We have two-terms to describe our social behavior- ‘etiquette’ and ‘manners’. ‘Etiquette’ is a French word and it means the rules of correct behavior in society. The word ‘manners’ means the behavior that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture. Manners can be good or bad. For example, it is a bad manner to speak with food in one’s mouth. No one likes a bad-mannered person. Remember that etiquette and manners vary from culture to culture and from society to society. We learn etiquette and manners from our parents, families and various institutions, such as schools, colleges or professional bodies. There are rules of behavior for all kinds of social occasions and it is important to learn them ad practice them in everyday life. The manners that are correct in a wedding reception will not do in a debating club. Therefore, we have to be careful about etiquette and manners. We know how important it is to say ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ in everyday life. A few more polite expressions such as ‘pardon me’, ‘excuse me’, ‘may I’ are bound to make your day smooth and pleasant. As a child you must have been told to greet your elders and visitors to your home according to your culture and tradition. You must also have been taught to be polite in company and keep quiet while others, especially your elders spoke. Possibly, you at times grudged such schooling. Possibly, at times you even protested such disciplining. Now, certainly you know that you can’t always behave the way you want especially in the presence of others. There are rules of behavior you have to follow in a company. We are social beings and have to consider the effect of our behavior on others, even if we are at home and dealing with our family members. Problems of Higher Education in Bangladesh Higher education refers to education beyond the secondary level especially education provided by a college or university. Accessibility to higher education implies that students get the opportunity to get university education and sufficient support from educational institutions. Increasing enrolment at the secondary and higher secondary level puts pressure on higher educational institutions. There are only handful universities in our country. Due to limited capacity, only a small number of students may be enrolled in universities. Thus, each year a large number of students are denied access to higher education. Also, due to poverty and increase in educational expenses, students of the lower middle class do not get easy access to higher education. Only about 12 percent of graduates enter higher educational institutions. More than 80 percent of these students are admitted to NU affiliated colleges. Others are absorbed by the public and private universities. Most universities cannot offer a wide range of subjects. Library, laboratory, Internet and research facilities are not satisfactory. Seminars, symposiums, lectures, workshops, debates, and exhibitions are hardly held in these institutions and there is not much scope for national and international exposure for promising young knowledge seekers. This problem may be impossible to solve overnight but it can be lessen gradually. The number of universities must be increased in this regard. The poor students should have the accessibility like others. Moreover, the facilities of educational sectors should be increased and upgraded. The govt. should take the responsibility steps to solve the problems. Besides, we all should be aware of this. E – Learning E-learning refers to the use of electronic media and information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. E-learning includes numerous types of media that deliver text, audio, images, animation, streaming video, audio or video tape, satellite TV, CD or DVD-ROM and computer-based, as well as web-based learning. In e-learning every step such as, registration, admission, classroom entry and exit, class work, attendance, discussion with course mates, feedback, exams and finally certification must take place electronically through computer and the Internet technology in a virtual campus. It is commonly thought that new technologies make a big difference in education. Many people involved in e-learning believe that everyone must be equipped with basic knowledge of technology, as well as use it as a vehicle for reaching educational goals. Various technologies are used to facilitate e-learning. Most of the e-learning uses combinations of many techniques, including blogs, collaborative software, eportfolios, educational websites and virtual classrooms. E-Learning has become an important technique that educational as well as business institutions invest a great deal of money, time and effort in order to make use of it. E-Learning has proven to be the cheapest way to transmit knowledge to the largest number of people regardless of their location and their devices. Most of the existing e-Learning environments present some similarities and most educators need several tools to efficiently make use of e-Learning. In short, e-learning has helped people to learn about anything they want, anytime they want by using modern technologies and thus spreading knowledge all around the world. The necessity of education Education is the process by which we can develop our mind through formal learning at an institution like school, college or university. It is one of the basic needs of human being. It is also essential for any kind of development. The purpose of education is to enlighten the individual and develop one’s capacity to the limit. It helps one to distinguish between right and wrong. It enables us to make the right choices in life and to perform our duties properly. It ennobles our mind and refines our sensibility. In this way education can certainly remove the darkness of ignorance. Besides, education broadens our outlook. It promotes humanity and universal brotherhood. Thus education promotes understanding among people of all climes. Education can be used as catalyst for a change for the better. Education provides us with the knowledge of health, sanitation and population control. It also enhances our ability to raise crops, increase industrial production, store food, protect the environment and carry out our social responsibilities. Thus education contributes enough towards a change for the better and its necessity can more be felt than described. It goes without saying that No Education, No Life! Just like food, water and air, education has become a basic necessity for everyone to survive in today’s world. AN EVENING WALK BY THE RIVERSIDE A walk by the riverside is pleasant to all. It is a source of joy to a fatigued person and an idle one as well. A walk by the riverside is also a popular means to enjoy one’s leisure time. The other day I felt tired and bored with my regular tasks. So, I went for a walk by the riverside to remove the weariness. I could breathe in the open air of the riverside. It refreshed my body and mind. The pleasing sights of the river gave me joy. The ripples of the river water, the sands with green paddy, the green trees and plants standing on both the banks of the river ---- these all satisfied my eyes. The murmuring sound of the river pleased my ears. I was delighted to see the birds of different types flying over the river and its banks. Boats of different sizes with coloured soil were always found playing on the bosom of the river. It became an absolute source of joy. In a word, the bounteous charms of the riverside made me extremely happy. They cast a soothing influence on my body and mind. AN EVENT THAT HAS EVERLASTING IMPRESSION IN MY LIFE An experience that helps restore faith in humanity is something that one loves to remember forever. I have had one such pleasant experience in my life. I was then in Class 10. One day I was returning home after school hours by a rickshaw. At about quarter past four I reached home. My mother noticed that I was without my school bag and asked me about it. I was surprised that I did not notice my empty hand and had forgotten about my bag. Thinking back, I remembered that I was carrying it when I was on the rickshaw. I must have left it there unmindfully. I rushed out, but the rickshaw was gone. I had my textbooks, a few invaluable notebooks and some money in that bag. I was totally perplexed, sad and worried. Next day in the morning, as I was attending my class, the gatekeeper of our school came and informed me that someone was mentioning my name and requesting to see me. I went with him and saw that same rickshaw- puller standing near the gate. Timidly he stepped forward and produced the school bag. He said that he found it on his rickshaw about half an hour after I had left. I was full of joy and offered him a twenty-taka note. He accepted it reluctantly. My joy was due even more to the discovery that such honesty still existed than getting back my bag. I felt convinced that values and honesty still survived and more so, among our poor friends. Indeed the event has an everlasting impression in my life. ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are men, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution and then life becomes difficult or impossible. Every year millions of people all over the world die unnecessarily as a result of pollution. These unfortunate and avoidable deaths are brought about by four specific factors. Firstly, air pollution from factories, burning trash and vehicle fumes cause pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Then, water pollution from industrial charge, the indiscriminate disposal of toxic chemicals and the dumping of human waste into rivers and canals causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. The next factor is the noise pollution from vehicle horns and microphones that might cause aggression and damage hearing. And finally, odour pollution from dumped or untreated human waste cause serious discomfort to our sense of smell, and attracts disease-bearing creatures such as rats and flies. We should take determined action to control these problems and clean up the environment to avert these unnecessary diseases. Environmental Pollution Environmental pollution denotes wonderful alteration among the different elements of the environment which is a great threat to human beings, animals, wildlife and plants on earth. All the elements of the environment are closely related to one another. Pollution occurs in the environment if any element is changed or affected. There are various kinds of pollution like-air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution and odour pollution. All these pollutions are together called environmental, pollution. Smoke and fume are the main culprits for air pollution. Mills, factories, industries, motor vehicles, power-houses, brick-fields and rail engines emit huge black smoke and fume which pollute the air seriously. Deforestation is another root cause of air pollution. Toxic chemical waste industrial products and garbage are the main culprits of water pollution. Water vehicles also pollute water by dumping food waste, human waste and burnt oil into rivers and canals. The widespread use of in the fields seriously pollutes chemical fertilizers and insecticides water. Hydraulic horns of motor vehicles and the loud speakers of cassette players and mikes are the main culprits of sound pollution. Illiteracy, mass unawareness, population explosion and extreme poverty create environmental pollution. Environmental pollution causes various fatal diseases and brings about various natural disasters . It harms food production and causes the extinction of wild animals. It also causes ecological imbalance which endangers (fa9m our life on earth. In order to keep our environment danger free, environmental pollution must be controlled by raising public awareness, by removing illiteracy and poverty and by controlling population explosion. If we fail to check environmental pollution, our existence on earth will become difficult and impossible. ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION (Air & Water Pollution) Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution. Air pollution and water pollution are the main factors which contribute to the pollution of our environment. Air is polluted in many ways. Smoke pollutes air; man makes fire to cook food, to make bricks, melts pitch for road construction and burns wood. All these things produce heavy smoke and this smoke pollutes air. Railway engines, mills and factories and power houses use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel. This air pollution causes pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Again water is polluted in many ways. Farmers use chemical fertilisers and insecticide in their lands to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with canal water and river water. Mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste materials into the rivers and canals. Steamers, launches and even sail boats pollute water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the big canals and rivers. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. This water pollution causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. Thus air and water polluted and as a result life becomes difficult or impossible. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Pollution means contamination or adulteration of one substance by another inferior one. It is a process by which the ecological balance of our environment is disturbed. There are various kinds of pollution, for example, air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution, etc. Water can be polluted in many ways. We throw waste into water. Oil seeps out from the vessels like launches, steamers, etc. Various insecticides used by the farmers get mixed with water and pollute it. Mills and factories also release their poisonous chemicals and waste products into rivers. Latrines and unsafe drains standing on the river and canal banks are also responsible for further pollution. Air is polluted mainly by smoke. Man makes fires to cook food, make bricks, melt tar for road construction and to do many other things. Fires create smoke by burning coal and oil Mills and factories create a lot of smoke. Buses, trucks and cars emit smoke too. All these kinds of smoke pollute the air. There is a serious impact of air pollution on us. It causes many diseases like cancer, bronchitis, etc. Again the increase of temperature caused by air pollution is a menace to our environment. Sound is polluted by microphones, loudspeakers and vehicles horns, specially the hydraulic horns. Sound pollution causes hearing problem and damages brain and nerves. So we, in association with the government, should take necessary steps to check air, water and sound pollution. Environment Pollution All the ingredients that we have around us are jointly known as environment. Environment pollution implies the contamination of the surroundings. Any abnormal change of environment in chemical, physical and biological characteristics in environment is called environment pollution. Environment is the whole system of our existence. Our environment is becoming polluted everyday for several reasons. Human beings mainly pollute environment. Massive industrialization is an important cause of environment. Smoke from motor vehicles also pollutes environment. Serious environment pollution occurs in big cities because buses, trucks and cars play in the streets everyday and emit smoke. Mills and factories also pollute water. They throw their waste products into rivers and canals. By burning wood and melting pitch for road construction people make more smoke and pollute air. We use pesticide in our crop fields. It also pollutes our environment. Indiscriminate cutting of trees has also turned unbalanced environment. The ecological balance is being lost as a result of environment pollution. If we all desire to live a healthy and tranquillized life, we should make our environment clean and free from pollution. We should be all whole-heartedly in keeping our environment fit for habitation. EXAM FITNESS/Strategies Exam fitness is a must for any student who tries to do well in the examination. There must be a strategy to make brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Regular work right from the very beginning makes one thorough. Students should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop their creativity. They should not learn answers by rote taking from a common source. They should prepare their own notes which will help them to avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. They should revise their lessons frequently. It is important for an examinee to check and double-check the dates and times of ensuing exams and be aware of carrying the necessary things along with to the examination hall. In the examination hall, students should go through the whole question paper before starting to write and take the mental preparation of attempting to answer all the questions. While having a glance at the question paper, it is better to underline the key words in the questions. Moreover, during answering ‘half way’ check is important to be in proper track. Care should be given to the hand writing so that it is legible to the examiner. Thus exam fitness enables an examinee to perform well in the examination hall, which brings success to a student. Examination Strategies or Examination Fitness (i) What are strategies for the approach to Examination? (ii) What should you do firstly at the examination? (iii) How can you allocate time for answering the question paper at the Examination? (iv) How can you make your answer legible? (v) What should one do for planning to answer each question? Strategy is an appropriate word for the approach to the examination on the day. Examination strategies mean examination skill which we may apply on the examination day. Checking and double checking the examination dates and times are most important for examination strategies. Budgeting time and avoiding allocating elaborate adequate answers are also significant. The strategies also include following instructions and attempting to answer all the questions. It is better to read through the question paper before starting to write. It is very useful to spend at least five minutes per question thinking about and planning answer. It is also useful to underline the key words in the questions. It helps the examinee to conscious what he or she is required to do. To check back half way through writing the answer is good. One should also make answer legible. A good plan about the examination leads a student to success. If one follows the exam tips on the exam day, he/she wins his/her chances of success. So students should be conscious of both subject knowledge and examination strategies to build a bright future. EXPERIENCE OF A STORMY NIGHT Human life is eventful. Some events are full of thrill and some are full of sadness. We derive some sort of pleasure when we recollect them in tranquility. I remember an event, which will remain fresh in my memory. It was a terrible experience of a stormy night. I with my family went to village to join a wedding party. On the wedding day, we were walking along a village path towards the bride’s house. It was a sunny bright May afternoon. Suddenly I could see no sun. Patches of dark, pitch-black clouds were gathering all over the western sky. And soon I couldn’t see anything. I could hear only the deafening roar of the wind. Dust, rain, leaves and branches of trees ----- all were sweeping past so fast that I couldn’t open my eyes. The party too, was scattered and swept along by the wind just like the leaves. I couldn’t even think about the others, about myself, about anything. When the sun hit my eyes, the next morning I found myself between two stay-hacks in a farmer’s yard. Then I returned to my home and found that everyone was waiting for my return. I can still remember the atrocity caused by that monster wind when I think about the experience. EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN OUR SCHOOL Student life is the prime time of building a man. At this stage we mostly spend time in our school. In our country most of the schools give emphasis only on studies ignoring the impact of extra-curricular activities on a student. For a student, it is not the only aim to be studious. A student must be brought up in a natural, spontaneous way and extra curricular activities play a significant role in this regard. Our school, being a modern one provides us with different facilities of extra-curricular activities. In our school, we have a number of recreational clubs. Among these, debate club, musical club are remarkable. Every week we practise debating among ourselves. Sometimes we arrange debate competition between classes & between schools. The recreational clubs also arrange musical programme, drama etc. Besides we regularly participate in different indoor and outdoor games. In our school there are some other extra-curricular activities clubs, such as B.N.C.C, Girl’s Guide, Bangladesh Red Crescent Society. Most of us join in all these clubs and can learn many other things which we don’t get in our text books. These activities go simultaneously with our regular academic studies. As a results, we do not feel bored in our studies, rather we feel quite enthusiastic in our mind to perform all the activities in a successful and effective way. Indeed, these extra-curricular activities help us immensely to be a complete man. EXPERIENCE OF A NIGHT SAFARI TOUR A safari is a hunting expedition or overland journey. It is organized as a holiday tour. I also had such an experience. It was a night safari organised as a holiday tour. A safari is a hunting expedition or overland journey. I had the opportunity to visit Dulhazara Safari Park. While visiting, I wanted to see as many places as I could. In the zoo, I saw many nocturnal animals which started moving for hunting at dusk. Using the faint lighting we could watch the animals without disturbing them. In the zoo there were 800 animals from 30 exotic species. Tigers, striped hyenas, golden jackals, blue sheep and the rare grater one-horned rhinoceros were remarkable. The total voyage covered an area of 40 hectares of secondary jungle. Riding a tram, I arrived at the zoo and discovered large grounds. At the end of the journey, I enjoyed a sumptuous buffet dinner in the midst of nature. After dinner I took a leisurely walk and took a closer look at the animals. It was a memorable experience for me to watch tigers and hyenas feasting upon antelopes. Really the journey gave me ample scope to enjoy the beauty of Nature from a closer view. The evening breeze, the setting sun and peace and quietness of the Nature --- all were wonderful experiences to enjoy. After the journey we in the end came back to our starting point. This was really a strange and memorable experience in my life. BENEFITS OF EARLY RISING Early rising is the habit of getting up from bed early in the morning. It is a very good habit. The habit is beneficial to health. The man who rises early finds time to take some sort of exercise or a walk in the morning air. The morning air refreshes both body and mind. This certainly improves our health and increases our capacity to work. The habit gives us an opportunity to enjoy the beauties of Nature. There is a calm and serene atmosphere everywhere. In the morning all Nature is fresh and beautiful, trees are vocal with the songs of birds, flowers smile everywhere and the din and bustle of the day is absent. Enjoyment of these natural beauties sharpens our feelings and makes us cheerful and healthy. The beautiful gifts and coloured nature in the morning remind everybody of the Almighty. An early riser has many advantages. The habit enables him to begin his day’s work early. He has, therefore plenty of time to do it thoroughly. He gets the start in everything before others, who keep late in bed. He is never in haste. As he has more time to work, he can earn more and thus becomes wealthy. So, the habit of early rising is the source of health. THE ESKIMOS The Eskimos are the people who have traditionally lived in the arctic region. ‘Eskimo’ is a Native American word meaning ‘people who eat raw meat’. The Eskimos call themselves ‘Inuit’ meaning ‘the people’. The Eskimos are the most widely spread group in the world still leading a partly aboriginal way of life. They live in a region that spans more than 3500 miles, including Greenland, the northern fringe of North America, and a part of eastern Siberia. The Eskimos are racially distinct from the American Indians. They are most closely related to the Mongolain people of eastern Asia. The Eskimos successfully adapted themselves to a cold, harsh climate because of their highly inventive skill. Traditionally the Eskimos live in an igloo, wear hooded jackets, pants and water proof boots. Their clothes have basic cuts and are made from skins of birds and animals like the seal, caribou and the polar bear. The clothes are sewn with needles made from boned an animal cord called sinew thread. They hunt with arrows and harpoons, eat food from hunting and travel on sledge, pulled by dogs. But the modern Eskimos live in brick-built modern houses, wear imported clothes made of animal skins, fur and other materials having modern cuts and designs, hunt with guns, eat food available in the supermarkets, use snow-mobile for travelling and go shopping. They would make things from almost anything and everything. The Eskimos spend the winter in crowd in a larger settlement and then dispersed into smaller, family-sized bands during the summer. During the summer they leave the permanent communities and live in animal skin tents at favourite spots for seal hunting fishing and collecting birds, eggs and plants. This is how the Eskimos lead their life. Teacher's Comment: The student achieve 60% marks F Female Education: A great stride towards development Female education is very essential for the overall development of a nation. More or less half of the population of a country is female. Leaving the female uneducated and unemployed, no nation can prosper. That’s why female education has been a crying need of the day. Once women were confined within the four walls of the house and were used to doing only household chores. At that time, they were deprived of the light of education because of the prejudice, unconsciousness, superstition, social backwardness, prejudiced outlook, social barrier, obstacle by the fundamentalists and so on. But now it has changed a lot and women are getting educated gradually. In our country about 7 crore people are women out of 14 crore in total. But most of the women are lagging far behind in education. The rate of female literacy is about 20%. This rate of female literacy i s alarming because without their education, our satisfactory development is impossible. Napoleon Bonaparte said, “Give me an educated mother and I will give you an educated nation”. From this line we can easily realise the importance of female education. Women need to be educated for different reasons. To be a conscious citizen of the country, to be an active member of the family and society, to be a good mother or wife and to lead a self-reliant better life, a woman should be educated properly. Besides, educated women have higher income potential than those who have had no schooling. Many people consider women inferior to men. But it is their wrong concept. Except the biological difference, a girl has every capacity to work and to achieve high position in life as a man can. An educated woman is conscious of her duties, rights and responsibilities. So, we should take every necessary step to ensure an environment to educate our female force. Parents ought to be encouraged to send their daughters to school. The govt. and NGO’s should patronise the education for girls in order that they can be educated and can play a vital role in the development of our country. Use and Abuse of Facebook Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues. It was created by Mark Zuckerberg in February of 2004. This exclusive site, which is available in 37 different languages, includes public features. Facebook makes it possible to connect people sharing interests and activities across the borders and thus have made a lot for the users to feel that they really live in a global village. It is expanding so fast as one can make use of them paying very little. One can make personal profile public before the entire online community. It is like presenting oneself before the entire world. One can also look into other people’s profile simply and easily if one is interested. It allows users to upload pictures, multimedia contents and to update their profiles. User profiles have a section dedicated to comments from friends and other users. Finally, there are privacy protection measures too. A user himself or herself decides over the number of viewers, and what information should be shared with others. He can block specific connections or keep all his communications private. But this great blessing of modern science has some demerits too. Many young boys and girls become addicted to it and give more time on it than studies. Few senseless people post nude pictures which influence the tender mind of youngsters. A long term bad effects can be seen in those adolescents. Besides, many girls and ladies committed suicide because their enemy posted their privet photos or videos. Despite these few bad sites of Facebook book, it has great importance for the communication of modern people. Food Adulteration Food adulteration is the act of deliberately adding something to the food, intentionally debasing the quality of the food offered for sale either by the admixture or substitution of inferior substances or by the removal of some valuable ingredient. Unsafe levels of pesticides are present in around half of the vegetables and more than a quarter of fruits sold in the markets. Food posioning, in the form of metals, toxins, or bacteria, stomach disorders, liver problems, vision problems, skin diseases are the diseases caused by adulteration of food. Carbide, formalin, heavy metal, chemical, textile colours, artificial sweeteners, DDT, urea etc. are used rampantly for this purpose. Milk is mixed with water. Vanaspati is used as an adulterant for ghee. Ergot is used as an adulterant for cereals. Chalk-powder is used as an adulterant for flour. Chicory is used as an adulterant for coffee. Papaya seeds is used as an adulterant for pepper. Brick-powder is used as an adulterant for chilly-powder. Tamarind seed powder is used as adulterant for coffee. Wood powder is adulterated for turmeric and dhaniya powder. Adulterated food is impure, unsafe, or unwholesome food. Instead of focusing only on the end products, the issue should be addressed at the root level. Better monitoring and supervision were mandatory for stopping food adulteration. The Ministry of Food had enacted a Food Safety Act, but was yet to prepare the necessary rules. As the issue of food safety was also linked to 14 other ministries, a coordinated agency should take responsibility of ensuring safety in food products. Folk Music Folk music consists of ancient songs and music from the heart of a community based on their natural style of expression uninfluenced by the rules of classical music and modern popular songs. Folk music has great variety, with songs being composed on the culture, festivals, views of life, natural beauty, rivers and rural and riverine life. These songs are also about social inequality and poverty, about the material world and the supernatural. Mystical songs have been composed using the metaphors of rivers and boats. Since the country is basically riverine, the Bhatiyali forms an important genre of folk music. Some notable folk singers like Shiraj Saiah, Lalon shah, Shah Abdul Karim, Hasan Raja, Abbas Uddin‚ Abdul Alim and Radha Roman have made the folk musk popular among the people of Bangladesh. Bangladeshi folk music varies from region to region. Thus there are the northern Bhawaiya, the eastern Bhatiyali and the southwestern Baul songs. Folk songs sung individually include Baul, Bhatiyali, Murshidi and Marfati, while songs sung in chorus include Kabigan, Leto, Alkap and Gambhira. Tribes like the Santal, Garo, Hajong, Chakma, Manipuri, Tripuri, Marma etc. have interacted with ethnic Bengali culture and lifestyle over the years. Some songs are regional in character, but others are common to both Bangladesh and West Bengal. Similarly, some songs belong distinctively to one religious community, Hindu or Muslim; others cross religious boundaries. Some songs belong exclusively to men, others to women, while some are sung by both men and women. Thus only women compose and sing Bratagan and Meyeli Git, but both men and women participate in the ‘’roof-beating’’ songs that are sung while beating down and firming rooftops. Fax Facsimile, popularly known as fax, is a device that can send or receive a document, pictures and text over a telephone line. It is really a very wonderful machine which can transmit any document to another day machine located with in home or abroad in a very short time. It looks like a calculator-cum telephone set. Almost all modem s manufactured today are capable of sending and receiving fax data. Fax/modem software generates fax signals directly from disk files or the screen. Even if a document is text only, it is treated by the computer as a scanned image and is transmitted to the receiver as a bitmap. Faxing a message online works well if the recipient wants only to read the message. However, if the document requires editing, it must be converted into text by an OCR program, or it must be retyped manually into the computer. A more efficient method of sending documents that require modification is through the e-mail system. E-mail files are already ASCII text so they can be edited immediately in any text editor or word processing program. The Internet now provides a new and cheaper way to send faxes in some cases. A number of free and commercial companies provide arrangements for using the Internet rather than the public telephone system for most or part of the path to the fax point. Some services also provide the ability to broadcast a fax to multiple addresses. Nowadays being practically a time saving device, it has taken the place of teleprinter and is playing a vital role in international communication system. A FAREWELL FUNCTION The day when I was free from my school for appearing in the Secondary School Certificate Examination will be remembered throughout my life. As ours was the outgoing class, so it was bidden farewell by Class X (New). The Principal fixed the responsibility for making arrangements. Then farewell function was given on Thursday. When I arrived at school at 3 p.m. I saw that all arrangements were made by the host party. The school hall was beautifully decorated with charts, buntings, flowers and placards. The main table, on which the Headmaster and the Inspector of Schools were to sit, was beautifully decorated with flowerpots. There were many chairs for the outgoing students, staff and students of Class X. The function started with a moving and heart-rending farewell speech of Md. Saifuddin, a student of Class X. He mentioned our long and deep association with the school. His speech which was full of praise and appreciation for our outgoing class was delivered in a befitting manner. After his speech, I, on behalf of my class, thanked the host. In my speech I lauded the good arrangements made by the host and accepted their good wishes and feelings for all of us. When I was delivering the speech, I was deriving a mingled pleasure. I was feeling sad because of the separation from my old and august institution in whose lap I got education and training of my mind and body. Then some of our senior teachers delivered their valuable lectures in which they gave their valuable advice. In the end, the reverend Headmaster, whose association with the school is as old as the history of this school, made an impassioned speech. In his farewell message, he gave us some pieces of advice, to be followed in our future course of life. He made a fervent appeal to build our mind and character on sound lines. He stressed upon us to intricate a spirit of service and sacrifice as well as of patriotism and nationalism. Then after, started the cultural function arranged by some of our younger brothers of Class X. We all made the pin-drop silence and enjoyed the programme. In the mean time some of the students of Class ten distributed packets of snacks to us. Some of us took their food while some of us gossiped and laughed. After this, the function came to an end. We parted after taking the blessings of our teachers and good wishes of our friends. While going, we cast our longing and lingering looks at this great and noble institution in whose lap we spent the most formative period of our life and living. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. A FAREWELL FUNCTION The day when I was free from my school for appearing at the Secondary School Certificate Examination will be remembered throughout my life. As ours was the outgoing class, so it was bidden farewell by Class X (New). The Principal fixed the responsibility for making arrangements. Then farewell function was given on Thursday. When I arrived at school, it was 3 p.m. I saw that all arrangements were made by the host party. The function started with a moving and heart-rending farewell speech of Md. Saifuddin, a student of Class X. He mentioned our long and deep association with the school. After his speech, I, on behalf of my class, thanked the host. In my speech I accepted their good wishes and feelings for all of us. Then some of our senior teachers delivered their valuable lectures in which they gave their valuable advice. In the end, the reverend Headmaster, whose association with the school is as old as the history of this school, made an impassioned speech. In his farewell message, he gave us some pieces of advice, to be followed in our future course of life. Then after, started the cultural function arranged by some of our younger brothers of Class X. We all made the pin-drop silence and enjoyed the programme. In the mean time some of the students of Class ten distributed packets of snacks to us. Some of us took their food while some of us gossiped and laughed. After this, the function came to an end. We parted after taking the blessings of our teachers and good wishes of our friends. While going, we cast our longing and lingering looks at this great and noble institution in whose lap we spent the most formative period of our life and living. A Farmer A farmer is he who lives by cultivation. Almost 75% of people of our land are farmers. Our farmers live in villages. His house is made of corrugated iron sheets or straws. He is very honest, laborious and simple. He gets up from bed at dawn\_~) and goes to his field after taking some stale rice with green chilli .He works from dawn to dusk. He works both in rough and fair weather. He tills his land with his hand-made wooden tools. Most of the farmers of our country are illiterate and landless. So they do not know the value of scientific method of cultivation. They live from hand to mouth. Most of them live below extreme poverty line. A poor farmer can not buy good seeds, fertilizers and insecticides and has no ability to, use the power tiller. Asa result, he can not grow better crops. He cannot educate his children properly. He depends on rain. He does not get good harvest when there is no rain or less rain. Sometimes, he gets loan- from the money-lender or a bank. If he fails to repay his loan in time, he has to sell what he has. He becomes happy when he gets good harvest and getspains when he gets no good harvest. Though a farmer is poor, he leads an hon est, life. A farmer is our real friend but has a little dignity and love in our society. Our government should sanction him a necessary loan to change his poor condition for our greater interest. A FARMER Bangladesh is an agricultural country. So, the prosperity of Bangladesh entirely depends on the well-being of a farmer. The life of a farmer in Bangladesh is a continuous struggle against poverty. He is very hard-working. He gets up at dawn and goes to the field to work. He is busy in tilling the fields, sowing seeds and reaping the crops. He works there all day long. He grows abundant paddy and vegetables. In the past a farmer of Bangladesh led a happy and contented life. He had no want of anything. But now-a-days his life is fully miserable. He has no land of his own to cultivate. He cultivates the land of well-to-do people. He produces food grains by the sweat of his brow. But he cannot enjoy the fruits of his labour. He gets a share of the crops he produces. He is always hard up and lives from hand to mouth throughout the year. He lives a very simple life. His clothes are simple. He lives in a mud-house. His property consists of a few bulls, a plough-share etc. But a farmer is the very soul of this country. To make the country self-sufficient in food and to make the green revolution a success, steps should be taken for improving the life-style of a farmer. A Fish Market There is a special charm (attraction) of a fish market to the people of Bangladesh. A fish- market is a part and parcel of the market in our country. It is a place where fishes are bought and sold. The fish-sellers take seats in rows. Generally there is a platform on which the fish-sellers sit with their big baskets full of fishes. They take their fishes in small quantities out of their baskets and arrange them for sale. Sometimes they sprinkle water from an earthen pot. It looks fishes fresh and lively. The best fishes generally attract large crowds of customers. Small fishes are kept separately for the poor people. The fish-sellers are very clever. They never tell their buyers the exact price of their fishes. They usually demand much higher prices. Consequently, higgling continues between the buyers and the fish-sellers. This makes the fish market the noisy place in the whole market. On the whole, a fish market plays an important role in our daily life. A flood that I have experienced A flood is a devastating natural calamity. Floods occur in Bangladesh almost every year. I give here below my experience of a destructive flood that visited our locality last year. It affected almost all the districts of this country. Before flood there was heavy rainfall for days together. The water began to rise in an abnormal way. Soon it rose above the danger level. Gradually all the lands and roads went under water. The communication was cut off. The crops were destroyed. The houses and cattle were swept away by the current. There was water and water everywhere. No trace of land was found to stand on. Then the boat was the only means of communication for going from one place to another. In some villages whole families perished. In our village a few, somehow, managed to save themselves by climbing on the trees-tops, the roofs of semi brick-built houses. The government and the N.G.O’s took direct steps to fight with this natural calamity. It took a long time to make up the harrowing toll of distress caused by the flood last year which I experienced from a close quarter. LIFE OF A FARMER Bangladesh is an agro-based country. So, the prosperity of Bangladesh entirely depends on the well-being of a farmer. The life of a farmer in Bangladesh is a continuous struggle against poverty. He is very hard-working. He gets up at dawn and goes to the field to work. He is busy in tilling the fields, sowing seeds and reaping the crops. He works there all day long. He grows abundant paddy and vegetables. In the past a farmer of Bangladesh led a happy and contented life. He had no want of anything. But now-a-days his life is fully miserable. He has no land of his own to cultivate. He cultivates the land of well-to-do people. He produces food grains by the sweat of his brow. But he cannot enjoy the fruits of his labour. He gets a share of the crops he produces. He is always hard up and lives from hand to mouth throughout the year. He lives a very simple life. His clothes are simple. He lives in a mud-house. His property consists of a few bulls, a plough-share etc. But a farmer is the very soul of this country. To make the country self-sufficient in food and to make the green revolution a success, steps should be taken for improving the life-style of a farmer. Life of a Farmer Bangladesh is mainly an agricultural country. So 85% of her population are farmers. But most of the farmers of our country have no landed property. They till the land of other landlords. A farmer gets up early in the morning. He takes a simple breakfast with panthabhat and goes to the field with wooden plough and a pair of bullocks. He ploughs the land, sows the seeds and weeds out. He comes back home at noon, takes bath and meal. Then he takes rest for a while and again goes to the field and works till it is dusk. During the rainy season, he spends the whole day in the field. He works from dawn to dusk. His income is very scanty. The big share ()f his labour goes to the landlords. He has both pleasure and pain in his life. He gets pleasure when he can provide his children with food and cloths. He feels pain when he fails to do so. That is to say, ho lives from hand to mouth. Though our farmers are doing their boss to feed the nation, yet they remain in debts. Therefore, we should try heart and soul to improve their lot / condition. A flood I have witnessed Bangladesh is a riverine country. Flood is one of the destructive natural calamities. Ours is a low country on the mouth of Bay of Bengal. Flood occurs almost every year in our country. Heavy rainfall is the main cause of floods. I have an experience about the severity of flood. Two years ago, during a rainy season, all of our family members went to our village to spend the vacation. There was excessive rainfall in the village. But the sudden increase of water in the rivers overflowed their banks and submerged the land. The flood water washed away houses, ruined crops, uprooted the trees and destroyed men and cattle. Many people were rendered homeless and many lives were lost. That flood broke all the records of the past. The whole country was inundated. All communication was cut off. So, the sufferings of the people knew no bounds. The after effects were even more dangerous. Epidemic and famine broke out in the village. People suffered from lack of drinking water. There were scarcity of foods, clothes, medicines and so on. The dead body of man and animal were here and there. In one word, the situation of the whole country was horrifying. It was really a sad episode of my life. I will never forget it for its devastation. A FOGGY DAY A foggy day is cold and dismal and is covered with mist. Everything seems hazy. The grasses below are wet with dew and sparkle like pearls in the sunbeams. One can hardly see and identify things at a distance. People in warm clothes to keep themselves warm look strange. The old people shiver in cold. People gather straw and make fires at different places to bask in the heat of the sun. Birds’ chirping is not heard. The cow and other animals cannot come out. Then the sun peeps over the eastern horizon and starts rising. Nature takes on a charming aspect. The touch of the sunrays makes the birds and beasts quite happy. Farmers go to the fields and begin their day’s work. With the advancing sun, people shirk off the feeling of cold and set about their usual course of work. Then the scene of mist and fog disappears and the sunny morning paves the way for man’s daily activities. In a foggy day one can enjoy delicious and sweet cakes, ‘piash’ of date juice and many other things. A foggy day is enjoyable in many respects. Female education Education is the birth right of everybody. It makes a harmonious development of one’s mental faculties. So, facilities for education should be held open to everybody. In this respect, no discrimination should be made between man and woman. In fact, education must be universal.Some people are opposed to female education. They opine that women are intellectually inferior to men. So they are mainly meant for hearth and home. They should deal with the kitchen. They should perform the household duties, bring up the children and yield comforts to their male partner. On the whole, their duties are totally confined to the inner apartment. The arguments stated above do not hold water. It is true that they have some special tasks to perform inside the household. But these special tasks also cannot be properly done by an uneducated woman. An educated husband cannot put up with an uneducated partner. An uneducated mistress is not in a position to do her household duties in sound lines. It is impossible for an uneducated mother to bring up their children in an appropriate manner. We can expect the women to acquit themselves well even in their special tasks only when they are given proper education. Women are found equal to men in all respects except in physical strength. The question of their intellectual inferiority lays bare a negative answer. So there should not be any distinction between men and women in respect of education. Many women are now successfully competing with men in many active branches of life. Thus there cannot be any ground to deprive women of the benefits of education. Women also have their social responsibilities. Half of the people of our co untry are women. No development can be brought about in our society without participation of half of its members. And development work cannot be carried out successfully with uneducated women. Thus our women should be educated at the earliest. It may be advisable to modify the old system of education for our girls. Subject like Home Economics, Domestic Science, Cooking, Sewing and Nursing should be included in their course of study. It is a good sign that there is a general awakening among the women. The United National Charter provides for removal of discrimination between men and women. The women of our countries are also coming out of their domestic walls and working side by side with men in every walk of life. Our government is making all-out efforts to pave the way for female education in our country. We should remember that education is one of the fundamental rights of everybody male or female. The Importance of Female Education Female education is the precondition of the development of a nation. Both men and women are the members of a society. So it is true that both men and women should receive proper education in order to build up a happy and progressive society. Education is the back bone of a nation. It is compared to light and focus of a society. No development and progress is possible without proper and true education. Without proper education a society or a nation is deaf. dump and blind. About half of the population of our country is female. Only education can make women conscious of their rights and duties. So female education is a must. A mother is the best teacher of their.children. In all advanced countries majority of school and college teachers are women. Generally they are more friendly, careful and laborious than men. In the meantime the government of Bangladesh has introduced stipend for female students which encourage female students to get proper education. By getting proper education women can learn well about child care, sanitation. the value of family planning and the rules of health. An educated woman can also play an important role in improving national economy like a man. All necessary and proper steps should be taken to encourage female education for the betterment of our country. Finally. Napoleon says, "Give me an educated mother; I shall give you an educated nation. A Foggy Morning Fog is generally seen in winter morning. A cloudy and gloomy night creates fog. The period of night becomes longer but the fog remains throughout till sun rise. In the winter morning, it is seen on the blades of the grass and the leaves of the trees. All nature seems to wear a fresh dress of peace and purity. It looks very beautiful. Neither the earth nor the horizon is visible. The sun is not visible for a long period. The fog is not transparent. As a result, nothing can be seen clearly through it. People feel uneasy. Even the animals do not like it. They are not willing to graze in the field. In such a morning, everything seems dull. Children also feel uneasy. All activities of the people about to standstill. At times, the drivers of the vehicles can not ply their vehicles in the roads and streets properly. That is to say, everything looks hazy. The sun light is welcome to the people at that time. When the sun rises, fog disappears. However, a foggy morning is unpleasant and uncomfortable. FESTIVALS OF BANGLADESH Bangladesh is a developing country. The people of this country may not be wealthy but they are rich in their heart. Inhabitants of this country have long been reputed for their hospitability. They pass their life with many festivities. People of different cast and creed live together in peace and harmony in this country. That’s why we see a great variety of festivals being celebrated by them. Bangladesh is a Muslim majority country. ‘Eid-Ul-Fitr’ and ‘Eid-Ul-Azha’ are the major religious festivals of the Muslims. The Hindus celebrate ‘Durga Puja’ as their main religious festival. ‘Buddha Purnima’ is the chief religious program of the Buddhists. The Christians celebrate ‘Christmas Day’ as their principal festival. The country commemorates some other festivals which people of all walks of life observe together regardless of all their difference. 25th March is celebrated as ‘Independent Day’. The declaration of the independence of Bangladesh was proclaimed on this day of 1971. 16th December is our ‘Victory Day’. We gained freedom from the occupying Pakistani force on this day of 1971. Both of these events are observes with profound respect by the people of Bangladesh. ‘Pahela Baishakh’ is a program which is very significant in out national life. It is the first day of a new Bangla year. This day is celebrated with many cultural programs and in some places by arranging ‘Mela’. This program represents the pen-picture of the nation’s national culture. Hence, it is our national festival. All this festivals indeed, makes us a very colourful nation. FIRST DAY AT SCHOOL School is an institution where students learn a lot of things. It is an indispensable part of student life. Besides giving academic learning, it also enables the students to be perfect men in life. So school plays a very important role in student life. Actually student life cannot be imagined without school. Accordingly, first day at school is a momentous event of student life. It is the beginning of student life. First day at school is a new experience for every student. On that particular day students express their mixed feelings. That day they not only feel thrilled but also get nervous because of not having any previous experience. At the same time they think that a new experience is a new examination for them. However, first day at school is a memorable day for every student no doubt. It was the same for me. On my first day I went to my new school with my father. We met the Headmaster of the school, Mr. Rahman. The Headmaster asked me some questions. I answered them well. But I felt worried and nervous because I did not know anybody at my new school. Then the Headmaster took me to my classroom. There I saw a lot of students like myself. One of them was Navid. He asked me my name. I liked him. Afterwards we became good friends. I enjoyed my first day at my new school. I found that the teachers and students in my new school were very amicable. I liked them and I always want to remember them. And my worry came to an end. A Fisherman A fisherman is a very useful person in our society. He is a very common figure to the people of Bangladesh because Bangladesh is a dream land of rivers, seas, canals, haors, beels. lakes, tanks and ponds. A fishes man is he who lives by ". ct -~Pw) catching and selling fishes. He is very laborious and courageous in nature.: fisherman lives in a village near a canal or a river or a sea. He uses a boat for catching fish. He catches fish by his hand-made net. On the rainy day, he and the members of his family make new nets and repair the old ones. Most of the fishermen are illiterate and very poor. They have no net or boat of their own. So they work in groups. Fishing in the big river or the sea is very risky and challenging but interesting too. He often catches fish in the deep sea or at stormy nights. His pleasure knows no bounds when he catches a big fish or a lot of fish. In spite of strugglingling. Hard a fisherman leads a very sorrowful and miserable life. He can not educate his children because of his extreme poverty .He hardly enjoys happiness and pleasure of life. In a word, he lives in wants and dies in wants. Yet-, he feels proud because he leads an honest life. He does a great- good to us by supplying fishes. He supports his family by his honest service. Really he is our great friend. Our govt. should provide him with a necessary loan to change the wheels of his lot for our greater interest. A FOUNTAIN PEN A fountain pen is a writing pen with an inside-tube, which supplies ink. It has mainly two parts----the body and the cap. The body has four parts----an ink-holder, a mouth, a nib-fitter and a nib. The cap consists of a crew and clip. The nib and the nib-fitter are closely connected with the mouth of the body. When the pen is on work, the cap is placed on the top of the body. At other times it is used as a covering of the nib. The nib is so constructed that the ink can smoothly flow through it. A fountain pen has an automatic flow of ink. There are many kinds of fountain pen. They differ in sizes and shapes. It is essential for every student, educated man and woman. A fountain pen is very beautiful to look at. Now-a-days, it is not commonly used. It sometimes serves the purpose of an ornament. A fountain pen is a part of modern civilization. A Fountain Pen A fountain pen is a part and parcel of an educated person. It is nothing but a good looking writing instrument in which ink fountains. It is of various shapes, sizes and colours. Generally it consists of three main parts - the cap, the body and the nib. The cap is made of copper or nickel or some other metal. The cap protects the nib. It has a clip with which the pen is fixed to the pocket or the bag. The body of the pen contains ink. It is generally made of plastic, metal etc. Nowadays, most of the pens have modern tubes, within their bodies and these tubes contain ink. The nib with a feeder is the lower part of a fountain pen. The nib is so made that ink can easily flow through it. The nib is made of copper or nickel. Sometimes it is made of gold. The price of the fountain pen depends on the metal with which the cap and the nib are made. A good fountain pen is, as It were, an ornament to a man or woman. We can not think even for a single moment without a fountain pen. In fact, we can say that it is a good and faithful friend of the student as well as the teacher. FOGGY DAY A foggy day is cold and dismal and is covered with mist. Everything seems hazy. The grasses below are wet with dew and sparkle like pearls in the sunbeams. One can hardly see and identify things at a distance. People in warm clothes to keep themselves warm look strange. The old people shiver in cold. People gather straw and make fires at different places to bask in the heat of the sun. Birds’ chirping is not heard. The cow and other animals cannot come out. Then the sun peeps over the eastern horizon and starts rising. Nature takes on a charming aspect. The touch of the sunrays makes the birds and beasts quite happy. Farmers go to the fields and begin their day’s work. With the advancing sun, people shirk off the feeling of cold and set about their usual course of work. Then the scene of mist and fog disappears and the sunny morning paves the way for man’s daily activities. In a foggy day one can enjoy delicious and sweet cakes, ‘piash’ of date juice and many other things. A foggy day is enjoyable in many respects. FRIENDSHIP Friendship is a human instinct between two persons not bound by any relationship. It is a divine tie between one individual and the other. It is one of the greatest blessings of the Almighty to man. It is a relationship which is based on the union of same minded persons. Absolute trust for one another builds up unshakable friendship. The two friends must always belong to the same and uneven level of feelings for each other. True friend is never fortune-hunter. He always remains beside his friend. In the days of our prosperity, there is no want of friend. But when we fall in crisis, true friends are tested. A real friend will never desert us if we are in problem. A true friend is himself a guide for us. He always tries to keep us in right path. He never keeps himself busy for his own self. If we violate his advice and fall in danger, he comes forward and spreads his helping hand to save us from all sorts of danger. It is the friendship that sometimes springs from the mental esteem and from our long attachment. But we must be careful when we select friend. It is said that a man is known by the company he keeps. So, we must select a person as a friend who is honest, noble and sincere. And only by this way, a true friendship is possible. FOOD PROBLEM IN BANGLADESH Food is an essential thing for any living creature. We eat food so that we may live. Bangladesh which is mainly an agricultural country is not self-sufficient in food. She cannot feed all her people with the food she produces. There is a big shortage of food every year. So there is the problem of food and question of growing more food has arisen. Our country is suffering from food problem for different reasons. First, our population is increasing year after year, but production of our food is not increasing. Secondly, our land has lost its capacity to grow more food for want of proper care. Then unscientific cultivation and lack of proper distribution of land are also responsible for shortage of food. Besides, floods, cyclones, pests and insects are causing harm to our crops. Moreover, it is our negligence to take an effective policy to grow more food our people. In order to solve the problem we have to increase the production of food grains. To do this we have to take up scientific method of cultivation. We should use manure and expand irrigation facilities. The scientific tools of agriculture should be made available in cheap rate. Co-operative farming should be introduced. All kinds of land should be brought under cultivation. We should follow the natural method of ‘rotation of crops’ to keep the fertility of the land intact. We should also take measure to protect food crops from drought, floods, pests and other harms of nature. Loans on easy terms should be sanctioned to the cultivators for farming. Electrification is a must for the development of the rural areas. It is also necessary to give land to the actual tillers of the soil. The livestock should be raised properly so that they can serve us more effectively. Our livestock are also helpful for growing more food. Besides, we should take steps to increase our fish production. On the whole, our over population should be checked for the greater welfare of the country. THE DAILY ACTIVITIES OF A GARMENT WORKER Garments industry is one of the most important sectors for the economy of our country. The contribution of garment workers has made it possible. An ordinary garment worker in our country leads a very laborious life. Early rising in the morning is usual for her. She has to reach the factory a few minutes before her shift starts. Generally she walks to her factory along with other girls working there. Sometimes she has to get on a crowded public bus to reach her factory. On the way to her destination she is infected with slang words from various corners. In the factory she is not in a congenial atmosphere. She works in congested rooms, which is detrimental to their health. Sometimes she works whole day resting on her feet. At noon she gets a lunch break for half an hour. Almost everyday she eats the poor lunch taken from her house with her colleagues in the factory. She works in the factory for long hours till late at night. She has to be at the factory up to 9 or 10 p.m. In spite of her long hours’ of work she is not remunerated properly. Since labour is cheap, hard work at the factory earns a garment worker very little money. Though she works hard for long hours of the day, she is frequently haunted by the thought of uncertain future. Thus a garment worker passes her daily activities with ups and downs. FUTURE PLAN OF MY LIFE One must settle some plans or aim in life because without them life becomes a drifting boat in a stormy sea, always looking fora land to anchor. It may be disputed that humans cannot follow all their plans owing to the adversity of time. However, I have fixed up a plan for myself. I have a desire to serve the country. With this in mind, I want to be a teacher, the noblest person in the society, who is morally obliged to build and mould up a sound society. Teaching has always been regarded as a noble profession. It is the teachers who impart knowledge, provide consciousness, humanity to the inhabitants of the society and serve until the last day of their life. This is why I have chosen to be a teaches. Right from this moment, I am preparing for my future. I will enter university and work sincerely to complete my graduation and post-graduation and, then try to receive training ing for effective teaching. It is really encouraging for me that my parents have their support and cooperation for my aim. They all believe that my sincerity, determination, vivacity in my work will obviously contribute to the development of the society. FLOOD Bangladesh is a land of rivers. Her lands are also low lying. So floods visit this country almost every year. Flood is a natural calamity. The excessive overflow of water that carries away houses, uproots trees and plants and damages crops is called flood. There are many causes of flood. They are heavy rainfall, tidal waves, terrible storm, earthquakes, snow melt etc. Flood causes heavy damage to life and property of the people. It washes away villages and towns. The streets, roads and houses go under water during flood. People suffer much and their normal life is disturbed. The after effects of flood are very dangerous. People do not get pure drinking water. So, various kinds of diseases break out in the flood affected areas. Famine also breaks out in those areas. Flood does some good to us by bringing much silt and making land fertile. In our country flood means a terrible misfortune. The people of Bangladesh cannot forget the terrible floods that occurred in 1954, 1955, 1960, 1962, 1969, 1970, 1974, 1980, 1984, 1987, and 1988. The recent flood of 1998 affected almost all the districts of Bangladesh. We must find out a solution of this problem. G Gender Disparity/Discrimination: A heinous social curse Gender disparity means gender discrimination or difference between male an d female in the field of observing rights as a human being. In the developed countries there is no gender disparity. But in our country this disparity is severe. It pervades both rural and urban communities. It is especially seen in the rural areas too much. Many girl students are deprived of getting educated both in towns and villages. Only boys are allowed to go to school, college and university and most of the conservative families do so. In many families of Bangladesh especially of the villages, boys and girls are not treated equally. Many parents love their sons more and always give them more facilities than their daughters. They usually think that educating a daughter is nothing but waste of time and money. After class seven or eight they think that they should marry their daughters off. Even many of the modern and educated families of our country do not think higher education for their daughters or sisters. They do not allow their daughters, sisters and wives to do a job outside the home. They are kept busy with maintaining different household chores and bringing up children. But on the other hand, boys or male members of the family are allowed to go to school, college and to complete higher education and to do any job anywhere outside the home. However, both males and females should be considered equal, should be given equal rights and facilities and should be exploited equally so that women can play a vital role in the development of the country like men. For this, we have to educate all females and have to change the mentality. We have to make them aware that women can do the same thing of men. Like men, women can change their lives by working with men and earning a lot of money. After all, government should take effective measures to diminish gender disparity for the development of the country. So, if we want our own betterment, we, both males and females, have to work together. GENDER DISCRIMINATION Gender discrimination means the preference of one sex, especially the male people, depriving the other sex. It is a great malpractice to women. Gender discrimination begins when a girl chile is horn, and it continues throughout her life. With the birth of a girl the society impresses on her many illusions about her low status in the society ty she is born in. This practice lasts in a society because the members of the society, think that the male are suited to add to the family income. The ignorance and illiteracy of people are also responsible for gender discrimination. As a consequence of this discrimination, women are treated disrespectfully and disgracefully in the society. Even the women one day start to believe the illusions implanted on them by the society. They undergo inferiority complex. To solve this problem of gender discrimination, we all should come forward to making the people aware of the equal status of the women. Government should also take steps in this respect. Among the steps, female education, mass awareness, avoiding social dogmas are very important to follow to get rid of this social stigma. We must stand against it and keep the womenfolk in our march of advancement for social equilibrium. The Adverse Effect of Gender Discrimination Gender- discrimination denotes the disparity of enjoying rights and facilities between the male and female sections. Still today gender discrimination is one of the most inhuman customs in our society. Almost everyday the grim pictures of this evil custom are seen in newspapers and on TV screens. In our society this brute custom begins at birth. All illiterate families long for male children. A girl or a woman is deprived of almost all social rights and facilities. In our society, educating a girl is regarded as the wastage of money and time of a family. A girl is not allowed to receive better education in most of the families in our society. Most girls and women 'are confined to within the four walls of the house. As a result, our women society 4.94iei) is unproductive, unskilled and unemployed. They get no chance to take part in any social and national development activities. But some educated women of the enlightened families have already proved their efficiency and ability by working with men in different development working projects and sectors. Illiteracy and social superstitions are the root reasons of this evil custom. Social unawareness is another reason of this curse. Extreme poverty is a prime reason of it. This evil custom curves our all development plans and activities wonderfully. No development is possible without their participation in any development work. Our narrow outlook should be altered, Illiteracy must be stamped out, social superstitions must be eradicated, early marriage must be banned and equal facilities should be ensured between men and women. Public awareness must be raised about the curse of gender discrimination. GENDER DISCRIMINATION Gender discrimination in Bangladesh begins at birth. To say truly girls are born to an unwelcome world. Mostly the teenaged girls are deprived of higher education. They are considered to be a burden for a family because after marriage they will go to their in-law’s house. So, parents are not ready to invest for their future. The girls are not allowed to go outside without permission. They are confined to domestic chores. In case of food and dresses, male children are given more importance. In decision making and treatment facilities, girls are neglected. They are thought to be unproductive. In decision making and treatment facilities, girls are neglected. They are thought to be unproductive. A number of reasons, such as, social prejudice, superstition, blind faith, social and economic backwardness, illiteracy, ignorance etc are responsible for gender discrimination in our country. So outlook towards them must be liberal and generous. Otherwise it hampers our humanity. At the same time social and religious restriction should be uprooted by creating a positive attitude among people. They should be considered as human beings rather than as female. Then only it is possible to solve the degrading position of the women. Globalization Globalization is, basically, a process of expanding trade and commerce all over the world by creating a borderless market. The idea of Globalization came into practice only in the last decade thought the idea was age old. It has also a far-reaching effect on many aspects of life. The world has come closer with the development of hi-tech communication media and rapid transport facilities. We can learn instantly what is happening in the remotest corner of the world. We are also able to go to any country in the shortest possible time. This is how countries of the world are like families in a village. We can share our joys and sorrows like next door neighbors. Globalization also brings all types of different customs and behavior into our homes through satellite television channels and the Internet. Now, we can enrich our local culture through constant interaction of different cultures. But, along with this, the cultural assault can also be resisted by the strength of our own traditional social values, beliefs and attitudes. However, as a result of Globalization, capitalist countries are enjoying more opportunities by exploiting the poor countries. Globalization integrates global economy in a way which exerts influence on both economic and social relations among the countries of the world. If Globalization is imposed upon a properly educated and properly trained labour force in an appropriate system it will lead to development and progress. If the developed and developing nations work together on terms of solidarity, equity and justice the process of Globalization will make our world a better place to live in. Gender Disparity/ Discrimination Gender disparity means gender discrimination or difference between male and female in the field of observing rights as a human being. It pervades severely both rural and urban communities in our country. Only boys are allowed to go to school, college and university to complete higher education and to do any job anywhere outside the home. Many girl students are deprived of getting educated both in towns and villages. Many parents love their sons more and always give them more facilities than their daughters. They usually think that educating a daughter is nothing but waste of time and money. After class seven or eight they think that they should marry their daughters off. Even many of the modern and educated families of our country do not think higher education for their daughters or sisters. They do not allow their daughters, sisters and wives to do a job outside the home. They are kept busy with maintaining different household chores and bringing up children. However, both males and females should be considered equal, should be given equal rights and facilities and should be exploited equally so that women can play a vital role in the development of the country like men. For this, we have to educate all females and have to change the mentality. We have to make them aware that women can do the same thing of men. Like men, women can change their lives by working with men and earning a lot of money. After all, government should take effective measures to diminish gender disparity for the development of the country. So, if we want our own betterment, we, both males and females, have to work together. Group Work Group work, an effective way of learning and cooperation with others, involves students working collaboratively on set tasks, in or out of the classroom. Its aim is to learn through group cooperation and encourage all students to participate in the learning process. This approach is defined in the classroom as a group. The members obtain useful information from each other to extend their knowledge and abilities through the cooperation. To do group work, the class has to be divided into groups. Each group is to do some tasks given by the teacher or in the textbook. The group members will discuss and share ideas and points, and finally one member will write the answer. All this is knowledge about group work. Then one starts working in groups. In each group one takes turns discussing points, answering questions, etc. In this way one actually does the task. Teacher may monitor and help to do the work. Lastly, through regular group work it is expected that there will be noticeable changes in one’s behaviour. Possible changes are– one will develop the attitude of freely mixing and talking with one’s classmates and teacher. One’s shyness will gradually disappear. One will develop the attitude of helping and cooperating with each other. One will learn to behave in a democratic way. Most importantly, these behavioural changes taking place in one inside the classroom will be carried over outside the classroom, in real-life situations. In order to maximise these benefits, one will need to manage one’s group work effectively. Globalisation: A new notion of global interaction Globalisation means internationalisation. It is a phenomenon involving the integration of economics, cultures, governmental policies, and the movements around the world. Trade and investment between countries have promoted interdependence and the world’s economies for centuries. What is now called globalisation, however, represents an exponential acceleration of the integration process. It has been formed by the leading countries of the world. Nowadays the world is linked as never before due to advances in communication and transportation and also due to trade agreements that have lowered or eliminated barriers or borders in the exchange of goods. So our world has become a global village. As a result, similar goods are sold around the world for similar prices. The highly integrated financial and commodity markets see price movements in one part of the world instantaneously reflected in other major markets. The BBC, CNN, MTV and the Internet have accelerated the integration of global culture. Science and technology have also accelerated this global process. So, teenagers around the world watch the same videos, listen to the same music and wear the same clothes. However, we can say that globalisation may bring happiness for us all only if we can make a mutual understanding, otherwise it will not only become a threat to a developing nation but also ruin our existence and may turn us into parasites. GLOBALISATION Globalisation is, basically, a process of expanding trade and commerce all over the world by creating a borderless owker. However, it is creating more opportunities for capitalist countries rather than for the developing ones. In the one of help and co-operation, the industrially developed capitalist countries are exploiting the cheap labour available in poor countries. This is the common fear about the adverse effects of globalisation in the countries like ours. But, the few is not quite justified because globalisation has also a far-reaching effect on many aspects of life. With the development of hi-tech communication media and rapid transportation facilities the world has come closer. We can share our joys and sorrows like next door neighbours. Globalisation also brings all types of different customs and behavior into our homes through satellite television channels and the Internet. Now, we can enrich our local culture through constant interaction of different cultures. But, along with this, the cultural assault can also be resisted by the strength of our own traditional social values, beliefs and attitudes. A GOOD STUDENT A good student is one who is fully conscious of his duties and responsibilities. I have the idea of having a close touch with such a good student. He is my classmate, Arif. He is a student who is always eager to know and acts according to what he learns. He lives in accordance with the strict rules of conduct and discipline. He is punctual, early rising, and obedient to parents. He is well-disciplined. He studies while it is time to study and plays while it is time to play and enjoys a sound mind in a sound body. He behaves with others in a polite way and he is modest. He shows habitual respect to his teachers and other superiors. He is co-operative with the students of the class. He is very much choosy about who he mixes with. He is fully conscious to ensure that no evil tempts him. Again, he is a good sportsman. He also takes keen interest in social service. From now on, he prepares himself to shoulder the responsibility in future. He is conscious of politics but does not take active part in politics In short, his ideal is plain living and high thinking. I hope that he can bring glory to the country. THE LIFE OF A GARMENT WORKER Garments industry is one of the most important sectors for the economy of our country. The contribution of garment workers has made it possible. An ordinary garment worker in our country leads a very laborious life. Early rising in the morning is usual for her. She has to reach the factory a few minutes before her shift starts. Generally she walks to her factory along with other girls working there. Sometimes she has to get on a crowded public bus to reach her factory. On the way to her destination she is infected with slang words from various corners. In the factory she is not in a congenial atmosphere. She works in congested rooms, which is detrimental to their health. Sometimes she works whole day resting on her feet. Sometimes fire breaks out in the factory and there is no preventive measure. It is miserable for a garment worker. At noon she gets a lunch break for half an hour. Almost everyday she eats the poor lunch taken from her house with her colleagues in the factory. She works in the factory for long hours till late at night. She has to be at the factory up to 9 or 10 p.m. In spite of her long hours’ of work she is not remunerated properly. Since labour is cheap, hard work at the factory earns a garment worker very little money. Though she works hard for long hours of the day, she is frequently haunted by the thought of uncertain future. As tradition goes on, she will get married with a fellow worker and try to continue her poor life. Thus the life of a garment worker goes on with ups and downs. A GOOD TEACHER A good teacher is a blessing upon the students who have the fortune to get acquainted with. I have an experience of having close touch with such a teacher. He is our English teacher, Mr.-----. He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that he is a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. So, I like him most. A GOOD CITIZEN A citizen is the asset of a country. A good citizen has as many duties as he has rights. The basic rights of a citizen are his basic human rights. He has right to live, travel, work, and vote. He has the right to education, security and justice. He has also the right to die a normal death. He has many other rights which he can enjoy. Again a citizen has to perform many duties. First of all he has duties to himself, which is to make himself a worthy citizen of the country in every sense of the word. Then he has duties to his family, to his relatives and friends, to his community, to the locality, and finally, to the country. And, a student-citizen has the further duty to his studies. Political rights are different from individual rights. They are group rights and fought for as a group claim in the form of demand by a political party. A good citizen is a wealth when he is worthy to the nation. A Good Teacher The person who teaches the students in any educational institution is called a teacher. In fact, he is the architect of a nation. He tries to dispel the darkness of ignorance from the mind of the students. He builds up the mind and morality of a student. He always encourages the students to know more and r.-iore about everything in the world. He makes the lessons interesting, charming and keeps the students captivated. He makes them ideal men and confident citizens. Every student is more or less clever. An ideal teacher discovers it and guides the students properly. A good teacher is one who not only teaches well but also helps him to build an ideal character. He is an inspiration to his pupils/students. He prevents his students from doing evil. He is well-behaved and affectionate with the students. He also shows them the way to shine in life. We know that education is the backbone of a nation. In the same way, a good teacher is the backbone of education. In fact, a good teacher is one of the most important persons in our country. A GOOD NEIGHBOUR Very few people are blessed with good neighbours. I am lucky to have such good neighbour. I live in a town. I have a number of neighbours. Of them all, I like one most. The neighbour I like most is my next-door neighbour. His name is Mr. ‘X’. He is a young man of twenty eight years. We have known each other for about five years. He is endowed with many good qualities. He is a good student. He has a sound health. He is by nature, amiable and cheerful. He always considers the good to his neighbours. He is co-operative and friendly without getting into any kind of quarrels with them. Courtesy goes a long way and even if any of his neighbours is the quarrelsome kind, his pleasant manner changes the disturbing one. He visits us on every happy occasion and expenses his joy. If any neighbour is in trouble and needs help, he doesn’t wait for extending his helping hand. In my distress, he is always the first man to offer his services. He guides me too. He also has great affection for me. I do not find any blemish in his personality. After all, that is what being a good neighbour is all about. I am really proud of having such an ideal man as my neighbour. GRAMEEN BANK Bangladesh has a long history of micro-credit finance. There are several internationally acclaimed organisations of micro-credit, such as the Grameen Bank. This bank provides credit to the poor, particularly rural women. Professor Mohammad Yunus, who is the chairman of Grameen Bank established the same in 1983. A Grameen Bank project allows only the poor and landless people to take a loan from the bank. Before they can borrow the money, they have to make 5-6 groups of workers, each having five members. Then they have a centre where the bank works to give loans and receive repayment of loans. All the group members must be registered members of the Grameen Project. Each member of a group is given a registered number. There must be an elected Chairperson and an elected Secretary of the group. They hold office for a year. The members conduct their business with the bank through the Chairman. Grameen Bank, in addition to providing credit, emphasizes the need to develop skills and raise consciousness among the rural poor. Meanwhile, the living condition of a large number of programme participants has risen above the poverty line. Grameen Bank, therefore, has started a silent revolution among the women, and its impact is far-reaching. A GOOD TEACHER A good teacher is a blessing upon the students who have the fortune to get acquainted with. I have an experience of having close touch with such a teacher. He is our English teacher, Mr.-----. He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that he is a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. So, I like him most. GREENHOUSE EFFECT Greenhouse effect is the gradual warming of the air surrounding the earth as a result of heat being trapped by environment pollution. This is exemplified by the destruction and burning down of tropical rain forests, by traffic that clogs up city streets, by the rapid growth of industry, the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in packaging and manufacturing commercial products, the use of detergents such as washing powder and washing-up liquid and so on. The oceans are also said to be affected both because of human waste and because of pollution caused by industrial waste products, oil seeping from damaged supertankers and from other maritime disasters. However, the main culprits for global warming are carbon dioxide gas, produced by the burning of fossil fuels and forests, and pollutants such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons. Climatologists predict that midway through this century, temperatures may have risen by as much as 4°C. This could catastrophically reduce mankind’s ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness, raise sea levels and thereby flood coastal areas and farmland. The alarming news about Bangladesh is that as a result of the rise of the sea level, the lower southern part of the country may one day go under water. Hence we should take the pragmatic steps to control the greenhouse effect. GROWING UP SOCIALLY As a social being, growing up socially is a precondition for every man. Man cannot live alone. Greek philosopher Aristotle said that ‘man is by nature a social being’. He has to lead a social life. Man cannot be self-centered like animals. He has some duties towards himself, to his family, to his society and the nation. Our Prophet said that the man who serves others is the greatest. All the great men on earth were very much conscious about their duties towards society. They dedicated their lives for the welfare of their society’s people. They extended their helping hands towards the helpless men. They shared the feelings of destitute people of the society. Even they sacrificed their belongings and peace and happiness of their minds for the welfare of fellowmen. If we want to follow them and want to establish ourselves in the society properly we also have to render social services to our society. We have to come forward with helpful mind at the time of people’s misery. We have to feel the sorrowful condition of downtrodden people. We have to take part in all sorts of social movements in order to promote the living condition of the people of our society and to improve the environment of our society. But it is not an easy task to render social services responsibly. If we want to carry out the above mentioned duties in true sense, we should be grown up socially. But if we fail to do this we cannot contribute to the development of our society and nation, and in this respect our existence as a human being will be diminished one day. H A Hartal Day: A suspension of regular activities In modern civilisatio n most of the states of the world face hartal in season and out of season. So we are quite familiar with it. Hartal is the rightful demand of the political parties. It is observed at the call of a political party or parties to pr ess their demand to the ruling party. Sometimes the opposition political party or parties call hartal against the corruption, misgovernment, misuse of power and the evil deeds of the ruling party. At times students and people of a locality call hartal to expose their demand. On a hartal day the usual course of life is hampered. The communication system of the country is broken down as all vehicles and the other transports cannot move. Rickshaws are seen few and far between. Picketers burn cars and others on the road to stop the movement of the vehicles. People are to face a lot of troubles on a hartal day. They go on foot. The road looks desolate. The economical activities of the country come to a stand still. Most of the mills and factories, markets and shops remain closed. The foreign investors lose their interest to the country. Often clashes occur between the police and picketers or between the hartal activists and the anti-hartal activists. Sometimes these clashes bring loss of lives. The police are engaged in important spots to control the situation and to avert unwanted events. Yet harassment of man and women often becomes a common scene. On a hartal day students suffer a lot. We hope the peaceful solution of any problem arisen between the government and the opposition. Above all, we should consider the suffering of the people while calling hartal. We also ought to consider that the would-be hartal is so necessary? So we should abstain ourselves from calling hartal as far as possible. A hartal day Hartal mainly refers the act of total shutdown of workplaces, offices, shops, courts of law as a form of civil disobedience particularly in political protest. In modern strife torn state hartal has become a common affair. It is observed at the call of a political party to press their demand to the ruling political party. The opposition political parties observe hartal to protest against the corruption, misuse of power and the evil deeds of the ruling party. Sometimes students and people of a locality call hartal to express their demands. On a hartal day normal course of life is stopped. All means of transport and vehicles do not move on the roads. People are to take a lot of troubles to attend their offices. They go on foot as vehicles are not available. As a result the attendance is very negligible in the offices, factories, industries and shops. The economy of the country suffers a heavy loss. Mills, factories and industries stop their work. All the business centers, markets and shops remain closed. The supporters in favour of hartal bring out procession. Often clashes occur between the police and the picketers. Sometime clashes take place between the supporters of the opposition and the ruling political partical parties which result in some deaths. On a hartal day the suffering of the people know no bounds. Actually, it is a mode of appealing to the sympathies of a government to change an unpopular or unacceptable decision. Basic Human Rights: A global demand for establishing peace In the present civilised world everybody has some rights to exercise. The rights to get food, shelter, education, medical treatment etc. are called fundamental rights. But the concept of basic human rights derives from the belief that a man cannot exist in this world without having certain rights in a particular tribe or in the society. The basic human rights are divided into different categories. They are social rights, civil rights, … .political rights, economic rights, religious rights and cultural rights. Social rights mean the rights to move freely, to arrange and attend any social function like meeting, conference, marriage ceremony, birthday party or any other social function. Civil rights refer to the rights of the citizens. Every citizen has the rights to be free from the interference, attack and disturbance of others. Political rights mean the rights to join trade union, to take part in the administration, to give vote and to have the freedom of speech including freedom of expression of opinions. An inhabitant will also exercise the cultural rights, religious rights and economic rights. A person can attend various cultural functions like Pahela Baishakh, carnival, jatra, snake charming, puppet show etc. as well as can arrange them at different times. In the same way people can enjoy various religious festivals like Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Azha, Christmas day, Swarashati puja etc and all these are their religious rights. Moreover, people of different religions can independently say their respective prayers going to mosque, church, temple or pagoda, and perform other religious activities. Every person can possess properties, establish organisations, support others financially etc —– all these are some examples of economic rights. In the constitution all rights of the people have been obviously mentioned. All citizens are equal in the eye of law and justice. But in many countries of the world including Bangladesh basic human rights are being violated brutally. This violation must be considered crime. And this type of crime is usually committed by the law-enforcing agencies, miscreants and politicians. Definitely they should be punished for violating fundamental human rights. So, some pragmatic measures should be adopted by the govt. as well as by all leading NGO’s. All constitutional writings about basic human rights have to be materialised in no time. Moreover, we have to raise consciousness about the basic human rights among all people through different mass media like radio, television, cinema, newspaper, poster, internet etc. and through political activities, canvass and propaganda so that we can ensure the fundamental human rights for the overall betterment of all. HOLIDAY I love holidays. Who doesn’t love holidays especially when unexpected holidays come suddenly in the middle of the week? I really don’t know what happens to me on a holiday - one moment I am fast asleep dreaming of the homework I have not done. Again the next minute I am wide awake suddenly realising I need not touch my books, as the homework can wait another twenty-four hours. I love being outdoors, so before it gets too hot I put in half-an-hour’s jogging and some cricket practice with a few like-minded friends from the neighbourhood. I then have a huge breakfast revelling in the luxury of dawdling over my glass of my milk. The rest of the day is spent doing days-like finishing an exciting book, ringing up an old friend, cleaning my room, helping my father to clean his car and even trying my hand at painting. I like to watch television too and listen to some good music. Change of activity is very relaxing so I try to avoid being idle. Moreover it’s fun to do different things every little while. Hence I don’t get bored. Even on holidays, I believe in sleeping early to enable me to wake up fresh the next morning. This is how I pass my holidays with different activities. HONESTY MUST BE REWARDED Honesty is one of the noblest virtues of a human individual. Honesty is the best policy. It reveals the truth. A dishonest man may be successful for a time being. But an honest man is sure to succeed in the long run. The student who cheats in an examination may gain good marks. He learns thereby to adopt unfair means of passing his future examinations. Consequently he loses his confidence and self-reliance. He himself ruins his career and reputation. The bad effects of dishonesty can also be observed in the cases of civil service, business and trade, economy, politics, etc. Dishonest persons collapse all the spheres of our national life. A dishonest person suddenly makes himself rich by dishonest means but he is severely punished by his conscience. The dishonest man lives all through his life in dread. His misdeeds may at any moment be revealed in the broad light of day. On the other hand and honest man is a glorious ornament for a society. He brings the glory for men and nation. He can disperse his virtues throughout the nation. Everybody can rely on him undoubtedly. He becomes renowned and reputed everywhere. An honest man can overcome all the difficulties in the society by dint of his noble virtue. In the long run both an honest man and a dishonest man are evaluated. The honesty of an honest person is rewarded and a dishonest person is rebuked by everybody. The honesty of a man sparkles the flame of truth everywhere A HARTAL DAY In modern strife-torn state ‘hartal’ has become a common affair. We are quite familiar with it. On a hartal day normal course of life is stopped. All means of transport and vehicles do not move on the roads. Rickshaws are seen few and far between. Picketers are very active on a hartal day. They burn old tyres on the road to stop the movement of the vehicles. People are to take a lot of troubles to attend their offices. The attendance is very negligible in the offices, factories, industries and shops. The roads look desolate. The banks cannot operate any transactions. The supporters in favour of hartal bring out procession. The police patrol the towns. They are employed on important points through the cities and towns to prevent any sort of violence and avert unwanted events. Nevertheless, sometimes, untoward incidents take place. They charge batons and lob tear gases to disperse the agitated mob. Sometimes there is chase and counter chase. At times the sounds of crackers and bomb explosion are heard. The angry mob set fire on vehicles and shops. On a hartal day the sufferings of the people know no bound. A Hartal Day A hartal is nothing but a medium of protest. Generally opposition parties combined together call out hartal to protest against the unlawful activities of the ruling government. On a hartal day all types of educational institutions, the shops, the markets, the mills, the factories and the industries remain closed. But the government offices remain open. So the government employees are to go to their offices on foot. All types of vehicles are stopped by the picketers but some rickshaws are seen in the roads and streets. The picketers often damage some rickshaws by setting fire to them. The roads and the streets look vacant. The ambulance and the vehicles of the newspaper agencies have no restriction. The supporters of the hartal often attack the police to create disturbance. The police charge with stick and tear gas to disperse the hartal supporters. The picketers use crackers and bombs to frighten the passers-by. The police patrol often arrests the violent supporters. Processions are seen on the streets. Nowadays some processions are seen legally organized to recover the respective demands from the government as well as other institutions. However, the common people do not support the frequent hartals. A HAWKER A hawker is a common figure in Bangladesh. His long-drawn trade call draws the attention of the women-folk of the house. They respond to the call the send for him. There are two classes of hawkers. Some want to sell articles and some want to buy old and used articles. The hawker who sells articles is more in number. He moves from door to door. He is seen on almost all the streets. The hawker who wants to buy old and worn out articles from the houses has a peculiar way of declaring the list of the articles he wants. He comes to the house at noon when the male-folks are away from the houses. So he can easily cheat the women-folks in price and in weight. He buys food grains, worn-out clothes and shoes, old books and newspapers. The street hawker is perhaps one of the cleverest men. They know the art of winning the heart of his customers. His manners enchant them. He does not always make a very high profit. His only point is to sell something. In spite of his wit and art, the hawker is very poor. He is too poor to maintain his family HOW I HAVE CELEBRATED THE BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment HOW TO ARRANGE A PICNIC A picnic is a pleasant diversion. It breaks the monotony of life. But holding a picnic is easier than arranging it. If a group of people want to go on a picnic, they are to do some particular things. First, they are to form a committee, choose a picnic spot and fix a date. These things give ample scope for discussion and argument and make things lively. Secondly the committee will be divided into some groups to do different kinds of things such as fund raising, purchasing food items, hiring transport, cooking, arranging games, cultural programme etc. Thirdly, the committee will collect the subscription from all the members within the fixed date. Meanwhile the group work starts. Some go for arranging conveyance, some purchase eatables and some collect other items. Thus everyone performs his or her assigned duties. This shows up the efficiency and resourcefulness of individual member of the party. Finally comes the picnic itself. All the members will start for their picnic spot on the fixed day from a place fixed before. And full-blooded young people then enjoy the picnic. HOW I HAVE ENJOYED MY LAST RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL This time I along with our family have visited our village home and spent the Eid festival there. We had reached the village two days before. My two cousins with their families also visited the village. On the eve of the Eid we passed the night in excitement, and made various preparations. Some of us used fireworks and decorated and illuminated our houses. As soon as the day dawned all rose from our beds. We had our bath. Then we dressed ourselves in the best clothes. This being over, we all proceeded towards the ‘maidan’ to offer prayers in congregation. At the end, we embraced one another. Then we came back to our houses and we wished our grandmother, mothers and sisters. Meanwhile mother and aunts prepared ‘shemai’ and other kinds of sweets. Then all of us took sweets with great joy and merriment. Sweets were also distributed among the poor, friends and relatives. Poor people gathered at the lawn of the houses and my grandfather gave them money and clothes. In the evening we visited the houses of our relatives and passed our time in merry-making. Everywhere we were received with utmost cordiality and hospitality. Then we came back our home. Sumptuous dinner was arranged in our home. At night we all got together and had a gossip for a long time. There we sang songs, cut jokes etc. Thus the day passed through great excitement and bustle. HOW TO ARRANGE BOOKS IN A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. There are rules of borrowing and using the library books. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. The books of libraries are arranged in an orderly way and it helps the readers to get their desired book easily. THE HOUSE I LIVE IN / A PLACE WHERE I LIVE A house is a dwelling place for anyone. There is nothing like a house. The house I live in with other members is a one-storeyed building. It is situated in an open place with good space on all sides. It has wide windows and doors to let in sufficient light and air. It has as many as seven rooms. Of them, three are bedrooms-----one for guests and the other two for the members of the family. The remaining four rooms are a reading room, a store-room, a drawing room and a dining room. The reading room is furnished with shelves containing books on different subjects. The drawing room is furnished with comfortable modern furniture. Some nice pictures, photographs and handiworks are hung on the walls. The bedrooms are simple and are arranged in different ways. A bathroom, a sanitary latrine and a kitchen are at some distance from the bedrooms. A flower garden with various seasonal flowers is the chief attraction of our house. We keep our house neat and clean. We are quite happy to live in our house. HOW TO BOARD A PLANE A journey by air is a pleasant experience for anyone. If anyone wants to make a journey, he is to go through some formalities for boarding a plane. One is to arrive at the airport about an hour before the flight. Then he is to be checked in and wait in the lounge. Then he is given a boarding card on which the number of his seat is written. When the flight is announced, the passengers are asked to board the plane. Next he is to get on board and find his seat. When all the passengers are in, the door is closed. As the plane is ready to take off, the passengers are asked to fasten our seat belts. The passenger is also given instructions about what to do in case of an emergency. Then the plane takes off smoothly. Shortly after taking off, the captain’s voice was heard. He welcomed us and wished us a happy journey. A few minutes later we were given newspapers. We were also served soft drink. I looked through the window and saw clouds flying past the plane. Following the example of others, I unfastened my seat belt. I felt a thrill of joy when I noticed below the rivers appeared to be thin lines drawn on a sheet of paper. Suddenly it was announced that we were very close to Dhaka Air Port and we would be landing in a few minutes. We were again asked to fasten our seat belts. The plane began to lose height and soon landed softly. Thus my first flight came to an end and I was again on mother earth. HOW TO CELEBRATE A BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. First he is to invite his relatives and friends. Secondly he is to decorate his house nicely. He will also put on his new dress. Thirdly he will arrange a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, he will light the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it feel interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing the host many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of a birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment. HOW TO DO GARDENING We can use our leisure period by some productive work like gardening. To make a flower or vegetable garden at first we have to select a fertile piece of land where water does not stand. Then we have to plough the land well to make it suitable for sowing seeds or planting little seedlings in it. In the mean time we also have to remove all the unnecessary grasses from the land. Then we can sow seeds or plant seedlings of flower as we want. Then to protect the garden from, cattle, goats hens and naughty boys, we have to make a strong fence around the garden. And, to get good harvest from the garden we have to give times of one or two hours daily to take proper care of the garden. During gardening we have to make the soil loose and water the plants regularly. In this way we can make a good garden. This gardening not only refreshes our body but also keeps our mind sound. At last we can say that by gardening we can use our leisure or idle time in a useful way. HOW TO DO WELL IN THE EXAMINATION An ambitious student aims at doing well in the examination. S/he always follows a strategy to achieve brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Students should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop their creativity. They should prepare their own notes which will help them avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. They should revise their lessons frequently. It is important for an examinee to check and double-check the dates and times of ensuing exams and be aware of carrying the necessary things along with to the examination hall. In the examination hall, students should go through the whole question paper before starting to write and take the mental preparation of attempting to answer all the questions. While having a glance at the question paper, it is better to underline the key words in the questions. Moreover, during answering ‘half way’ check is important to be in proper track. Care should be given to the hand writing so that it is legible to the examiner. By following aforesaid things, a student can comfortably reach his / her definite goal of success. HOW TO DO WELL IN THE EXAMINATION Every student tries to do well in the examination. There are certain things one must do and there are certain things one should avoid to make brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Regular work right from the very beginning makes one thorough. S/he should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop creativity. S/he should not learn answers by rote taking from a common source. S/he should prepare her/his own notes which will help her/his to avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. S/he should revise her/his lessons frequently. Again, a student has to have a fairly good command of the language to answer unexpected questions offhand. Besides, S/he should keep a diary and write a few pages on any topic to improve her/his writing skill. By understanding the lessons and regular reading and writing, a student can comfortably reach her/his definite goal of success HOW TO GREET A FRIEND A friend is a great blessing upon us. A friend usually expects from us good reception and good behaviour. Friendship which is a celestial relationship teaches us how to greet a friend. Accordingly, the greetings towards a friend usually come from the heart. When a friend comes to visit us, we should greet him cordially. We should give him a warm reception. At the commencement we can greet him with a bouquet of flowers. Our welcoming note should be sweet and loving. We should let him come and have his seat in our residence. We are to allow him feel relaxed and homely. When he gets his seat, he should be offered light refreshment. We should not have any sort of meanness to entertain him. We are to show such behaviour as he can consider himself one of the members of our family. We should introduce him to our parents and other members of the family. As the friend is guest to our residence, we should also give him enough time. We have to always look after him. Care has to be given so that he can’t feel shy or embarrassed in any situation. We have to be careful about his well-being till he is my guest. We should exchange our opinions freely. Above all, we have to give more and more care so that he may not get hurt in any situation. Thus we can greet a friend warm-heartedly. HOW TO HAVE A GOOD COMMAND IN ENGLISH English is regarded as the international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to have a good command in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with out friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like debate in English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not feel shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can have a good command in English. HOW TO IMPROVE THE STANDARD OF ENGLISH English is regarded as the international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to enrich one’s capacity in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with out friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not fell shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can improve the standard of English. HOW TO KEEP FIT A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to keep fit. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everybody. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us to keep fit. HOW TO KEEP IN GOOD HEALTH A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to keep in good health. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everybody. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us to keep in good. HOW TO KEEP MY ROOM TIDY My room is like a temple to me. This is the place where I spend most of my time. Sometimes, my room is at sixes and sevens. The condition of the room makes me uncomfortable when I find my room in complete disarray. So, I always try to keep my room tidy. My room serves two purposes-----a reading room and a bed room. In order to make my room tidy, I have to manage some free time and become active. I collect a broom to sweep the room from one end to the other. I dump the dust and waste into a waste-paper basket. Sometimes, I mop the floor of the room to make it clean. The furniture are regularly cleaned. There are one reading table, one book-shelf, one chair and a bed. I put my books on the shelf. I keep my text books isolated from other books and magazines. On the small cane rack I keep all my magazines. On the table, there is a flower vase in which I regularly put some fresh flowers and it gives me a divine happiness. After my studies, I always set my table so that the books can be arranged well. I always keep my bed clean. It gives me a fresh feeling when I go to bed. In this way my room, which is my heaven, is kept neat and tidy. How to Learn English Learning and improving English is very essential and important in our life because today English is an international language. Now it dominates over all the languages of the globe. In the world, there is hardly any country where English is not taught, spoken and used. At present English is widely spoken and used almost every corner of the globe. In order to improve and learn English one has to develop four language skills like listening, speaking, reading and writing. Listening and speaking skills are important and useful means of acquiring a language.To develop listening skill one must listen to the radio and TV programs and news in English regularly. One has to listen or enjoy meetings. seminars, debating discussions and programmes in English. Besides, in order to improve listening skill, one should listen or enjoy the conversation of the English speaking people and listen to English news on TV and Radio regularly. In order to develop speaking skill, a student should speak with his teachers and classmates in English, participate in English debating competitions and speak loudly in English while he or she is alone To develop reading skill, a learner should read English news papers and magazines and English story books regularly. In order to develop writing skill, the learner should practise freehand writing on any topics. For this purse, he or she has to learn more new words daily and the rules of grammar. If a learn, practises in this way regularly he or she can learn and improve his knowledge over English. HOW TO LEARN ENGLISH English is regarded as an international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to have a good command in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with our friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like debate in English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not feel shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can have a good command in English HOW TO LOOK FOR A BOOK IN A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. One may find difficulty in finding books in a library unless he knows the rules of borrowing and using the library books. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. This is the way through which one may look for a book in a library and find it easily. HOW TO MAKE A BURGER A burger is a kind of junk food. It is the combination of different food items with bun. It is not very difficult to make a burger. Food making a burger one has to arrange various nutritive food items such as lettuce, burger meat, tomatoes, sauce, cucumber, cheese, onions etc. At first the bun is cut into two halves------the upper half and the lower half. Secondly, a leaf of lettuce is spread on the lower half of the bun. Meanwhile, spices are mixed with grinded meat and the meat is to be fried. When the burger meat is ready, it is to be put on the lettuce. Then the slices of tomato, cucumber, onions and cheese are put on the meat one after one. For the better taste, a coating of butter and sauce can be smeared inside the bun. Next the upper half of the bun is to be put on the top. Finally a tooth pick is to be pierced from the top to bottom of the bun so that the ingredients can be stuck. In this way a burger is made. And the burger is ready to be served. HOW TO MAKE A CUP OF TEA A cup of tea gives us vigour in the moment of dull and dreary. Making a cup of tea is a very simple and easy thing. First, one has to take some drinking water in a kettle and boil it for a few minutes. The water has to be sufficiently boiled, or else the tea will not be as good as it can be. When the water is sufficiently boiled, it is to be poured into a tea-pot and a measure of tea-leaves is to pour into it. The measure depends on the quantity of water. The usual ratio is one tea-spoonful of tea-leaves to a cup of water and a tea-spoonful extra. Under no circumstances should the water be boiled after tea-leaves have been poured into it. The tea-leaves must be allowed to soak in the hot water for a few minutes or the liquor will be too weak. When the leaves have been allowed to soak in the water long enough, the tea liquor is prepared. Finally, it is poured through a strainer into a cup and milk and sugar are added to it. One may add ginger or lemon juice instead of milk according to one’s taste. And then a stimulating cup of tea is prepared to serve. HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER GARDEN A flower garden is a place of heavenly beauty and serenity. In order to make a flower garden we should have a good planning. First of all, we have to select a suitable piece of land. Secondly, the fields should be ploughed properly to lose the soil. When it is done, we break the soil into small pieces. Then we use a leveller to level the ground. The field is to be weeded out. Next, the flower seeds or plants are sown in rows in the seed-bed. After a period of time, the tender plants are to be transplanted in the main ground. Sometimes we need to make shades on the tender flower plants so that the excessive heat cannot make any harm of the growing plants. Then after, we do the most vital thing that is to make a fence to protect the garden from the attack of cows, goats and other animals. Sometimes, it is necessary to dig a small drain for the easy flow of the water. In order to protect the plants from the attacks of various diseases, we should take care of them everyday. The gardening is completed here but the process goes for some more days as need to be vigilant for taking care of the plants. In a few days the garden is in full bloom of beautiful flowers. HOW TO OPEN A BANK ACCOUNT A bank account is a safeguard for any person for his evil days. Opening a bank account is quite easy. People who are thrifty and want to keep their money safe and secured, open an account with the bank. One has to maintain a certain procedure to open a bank account. There is a provision of an application form. First, the client or the account-opener has to fill in the form. Secondly, he or she has to be introduced by someone who has an account with that particular bank. The introducer must put his signature and write his address and account number in the relevant part of the application. Next, there is a signature card on which the client has to put his or her specimen signature and attach two passport size photographs. The photographs must be attested by the introducer. Then the account opener is given a deposit book and a withdrawal book. At last the client requires a reasonable amount of money to deposit for opening the account. Thus a person can easily open a bank account with the help of a bank manager or any other bank authority. How to plan for your future career planning and specialization is the motto of the present age. An aim is essential for every individual. A person with a fixed aim runs towards success. There is a proverb that a person without an aim is like a ship without a rudder. So it is necessary for every individual to have a proper plan for the future. Without a proper plan one cannot achieve any prosper in life. A planned life is full of success. On the other hand, a person who leads an unplanned life and who is negligent of the future can not touch the stair of success. Here we can mention the name of the farmers, Mr. Ant and Mr. Grasshopper. Mr. Ant was a laborious man. He planned for his future. According to his plan, he was very busy in his fields in the hot summer. As a result, he didn’t face any kind of food shortage in the winter. On the other hand, Mr. Grasshopper was in an adverse position. He was a very lazy man. He was thoughtless about his future and didn’t work hard in the summer. Due to his unplanned life, he had to face food shortage, while his friend Mr. Ant was enjoying his life. From the above discussion we can say that an unplanned life is full of sufferings. And without a proper plan a man’s life will become valueless. And to make a proper plan we need to concentrate on our surroundings. We need to know our lacking as well as our positive sides. Firstly, we need to know what we want to be in future. Secondly, we need to fix up our choice and work properly to attain success in our way of ascending. Thirdly, we need to be persistent on our plan like Mr. Grasshopper. And, following these steps we can earn success. HOW TO PLAY CRICKET Cricket is one of the popular games of the world. Cricket is very popular in Bangladesh also. It is played between two teams -- each consisting of eleven players. A large stretch of perfectly flat and smooth ground is necessary for this game. A cricket field must have a turf which has to be kept soft by means of watering. The wickets are pitched opposite and paralleled at a distance of 22 yards. Other requisites of the cricket game are two wooden bats, a ball and two sets of stumps. The umpire’s signal marks the beginning of the game and the bowler starts bowling. After every six balls the bowler’s over ends. The batsman saves the wickets against the ball bowled by a player of the opposite side. The fielders either catch or stop the ball. The wicket keeper stands just behind the wicket. The batsman hits the ball. He scores four runs for a boundary, six runs for an over boundary and a run for each change of place with his partner. The batsman cannot give a catch and leave the stamps unprotected. If he does so, he may be caught or stamped out or run out. The batsman may be out in many ways, such as ‘bowled out’, ‘run out’, ‘stumped out’, ‘caught out’, ‘leg before wicket out’ and ‘hit-wicket out’. Moreover fairness, which is the very essence of this game, is to be maintained. Following all these rules make the game a successful and exciting one. HOW TO PLAY FOOTBALL Football is one of the popular games in our country. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. HOW TO USE INTERNET Internet is the key media of the telecommunication system that spread out all over the world. Total combination of numerous tiny networks is called the Internet. Receiving and sending various types of information is the main function of the Internet. Before using the internet one must know how to use a computer. In using the internet one has to use particular software. Data move through Internet in packet form. The destination and address is involved with these packets, and accordingly, these packets reach the destination. By this time, these packets pass through mid level or regional network. If we click on the icon of browsing such as the Microsoft Explorer or Netscape Navigator we will automatically get logged on the Internet. Now we will find a space for writing the address of the web page we want to see. If we write the address we will get to see that page. We can also go to a search engine for finding a particular page or a piece of information. A search engine is a system through which we can search for information on web pages containing information. Yahoo and Microsoft Network are such engines. Through this way we will be able to look for our desired information on the Internet. The learning of the Internet system will positively bring good result in the fields of our education and business. We hope that all will enjoy this wonderful fruit of modern science in future. HOW TO USE A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. There are rules of using a library. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. With the help of a call number one can easily find out a book in a library. Thus the books of a library are arranged in an orderly way and it helps the readers to use it conveniently. HOW TO PREPARE FOR A TOUR Tour is a part of education. It gives us first hand knowledge of the places through which we pass. It also brings us into contact with different people of different ways of life. The lessons we collect from a tour are more interesting and more effective than what we get from books. A tour helps us to dispel our monotony and renew our zeal for study. This is why tours are encouraged everywhere. Before making a tour one has to prepare for it. One is to remember not to make haste while preparing for the tour. First of all one needs to ensure about the tourist spot, transportation system, total cost etc. Then for personal packing one is to have a suitcase to carry everything. Dresses for the purpose are important. One should carry one’s personal usable things such as, brush, toothpaste. Camera is an essential thing which helps one to take all the important sights. A diary is also very essential during one’s visit. It may help one to note down everything one experiences. First aid arrangements are also to be carried for covering the security. Last but not the least one should carry a substantial amount of money for personal expenses. This is how one can prepare for a tour. HOW TO TAKE CARE OF HEALTH / PRESERVATION OF HEALTH A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to take care of health / preserve health. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everyday. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us take care of health / preserve health. HOW TO STAGE A DRAMA ON YOUR ANNUAL CULTURAL PROGRAMME Cultural programmes are the ground of building up the students in a balanced way. In a school every year the students arrange annual cultural programme. Staging a play is one of the activities of the cultural programme. In our school we arrange cultural programme every year. Accordingly this year we have arranged our annual cultural programme in our school premises. We, the students of class eight were selected to stage a drama in this programme. First of all we discussed with our cultural teacher, Mr. Amin regarding the playing on a drama. We selected the drama ‘Kabar’ by Munir Chowdhury. The teacher approved it and helped us a lot by giving us advice. Some of us were selected to take part in the drama. We rehearsed the drama for some days before staging it. Just before the scheduled day a stage was erected in the school auditorium. In the meantime, all the students of the school and the honourable guardians and teachers were invited. On the particular day the spectators took their place before the performance. At the fixed time the drama started. The participants performed well in the drama. At the end of the play we were greeted with applause. The Chief Guest and the Headmaster praised us with high admiration. The next day our fellow mates appreciated us and thanked us a lot for presenting them a drama on our annual cultural programme. HOW WE CAN HELP OUR FAMILY Family is an institution in which a person is born, grown up and he passes his life. Our family is the provider of all sorts of comforts and facilities towards us. All our sorrows and anxieties are erased by the soft touch of the family members. This family consists of our father, mother, brother and sisters. Here we all share our joys and sorrows. Similarly we can share our responsibilities. We can co-operate our family by extending our helping hands. Our parents are busy all day long for our comforts and well-being. In case of our household chores, we can help our mothers. We can help mother prepare our food, wash clothes, dust the furniture. We can make our bed by myself. Before or after having meal, we can set the tables, wash the dishes and other utensils. Sometimes we can wipe the floors of the house for maintaining the cleanliness. When our father comes back from work, we can offer him food. While our mothers are busy with their work, we can look after our younger brothers and sisters. We can also go shopping, run errands for the family. Moreover, we have to carry on with our studies regularly and maintain our health properly so that our parents need not worry about us. By following all these things we can help our family to a great extent. HOW TO WRITE ANSWERS IN THE ANSWER SCRIPTS Writing answers in the answer scripts may be an awful experience. However, a little organisation and discipline will help remove this fear. First, when the answerscripts are distributed, we must write down every detail (name, roll number, registration number, subject, subject code, name of the board) on the first page. Second, when the question paper is handed out we must give it a thorough reading. Then we should select and tick those questions for answering which we have learnt well. Next we should answer the questions one by one according to our choice. Then gradually we take up the questions which are less easy. Thus, in answering scripts we should follow an easy-do-difficult method. We should also be very careful of time and our handwriting. Moreover, we should answer all the questions in full, that is, we should leave no question unanswered. We should write offhand using our instant creations in case of answering uncommon questions. In writing answer scripts, we have to bear in mind that the answers should be in short and precise language. Besides, the answers must always be to the point. After writing all the answers, we should revise them whether we have to forgotten to write any major point or done any sort of mistake. Maintaining all these things, a student is sure to achieve a good result in the examination. HOW TO PREVENT ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution. Air pollution and water pollution are the main factors which contribute to the pollution of our environment. All things that produce heavy smoke pollute air. Railway engines, mills and factories and power houses use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel. This air pollution causes pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Again water is polluted in many ways. Farmers use chemical fertilisers and insecticide in their lands to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with canal water and river water. Mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste materials into the rivers and canals. Steamers, launches and even sail boats pollute water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the big canals and rivers. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. This water pollution causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. To prevent this pollution we must take some steps. The government must be active as well as the common people should come forward to resolve this problem. Mills and factories must be set in particular places. Industrial wastes cannot be thrown here and there. Dumping of oil in the water must be stopped. Unsanitary latrines cannot be set beside river or canal. Overuse of chemical fertilizer must be stopped. Last but not the least, we must plant more and more trees to prevent environment pollution. HOW TO PREVENT DIARRHOEA Diarrhoea is a common disease in our country. It is an epidemic. When people are attacked by diarrhoea, they suffer from the deficiency of water, which is called dehydration. Diarrhoea spreads through contaminated food and water. So drinking unsafe water or eating contaminated food causes diarrhoea. People attacked by diarrhoea feel thirsty and suffer from malnutrition. If this situation continues, the patient gradually grows weaker. Sometimes the condition becomes so fatal; it even causes the patient death. To recover from illness, primarily rehydration mixture is prescribed to the patients. Along with the oral saline, patients are advised to take all types of food items regularly. To prevent diarrhoea people should drink safe water, eat fresh food and keep the environment safe and healthy. They should wash hands with soap or ash before eating and after using the toilet. Using sanitary latrine is indispensable for keeping the environment healthy. Above all, Maintenance of cleanliness is a must for a patient of diarrhoea. HOW TO MAKE A SCHOOL GARDEN A school garden is a beautiful sight. It adds to the beauty of a school. A school garden may be in front of a school or behind it. Generally a teacher of a school is in charge of the garden. He helps and guides the students. The students with the help of teachers and advisers first choose a suitable piece of land for a school garden. To prepare the land, they use different tools namely spade, hoe, rose leveller etc. They dig deep into the soil and prepare it for sowing different seeds. After sowing the seeds when the seedlings grow up they make the soil loose and pull out weeds and put fertiliser on it. And finally they water the garden and put up a fence around it to keep cattle out of it and grow different kinds of flowers and vegetables. Then the students make their own school garden. As for instance, here we can refer to the class 8 students of Nurpur High School and how they made their own school garden. One day some students of Class 8 looked out of their classroom window. They found a piece of fallow school land. They thought that they could make a garden on that fallow land. Accordingly they told Mr. Anis, the general science teacher about their idea. They told him that they would grow flowers and vegetables on a piece of school land. Mr. Anis liked the idea. The Headmaster also agreed with Mr. Anis with the result that they got a piece of land for making a garden. And they started their works on the land. Using different tools they prepared the land properly for gardening and they finally grew more beautiful flowers and lovely vegetables in the garden. The garden increased the beauty of their school and they felt proud of it. In fine, we may say that a school garden is a source of joy to the students. It develops their creative powers. It does not hamper their studies because they work during leisure and after school. H A Hartal Day: A suspension of regular activities In modern civilisation most of the states of the world face hartal in season and out of season. So we are quite familiar with it. Hartal is the rightful demand of the political parties. It is observed at the call of a political party or parties to press their demand to the ruling party. Sometimes the opposition political party or parties call hartal against the corruption, misgovernment, misuse of power and the evil deeds of the ruling party. At times stud ents and people of a locality call hartal to expose their demand. On a hartal day the usual course of life is hampered. The communication system of the country is broken down as all vehicles and the other transports cannot move. Rickshaws are seen few and far between. Picketers burn cars and others on the road to stop the movement of the vehicles. People are to face a lot of troubles on a hartal day. They go on foot. The road looks desolate. The economical activities of the country come to a stand still. Most of the mills and factories, markets and shops remain closed. The foreign investors lose their interest to the country. Often clashes occur between the police and picketers or between the hartal activists and the anti-hartal activists. Sometimes these clashes bring loss of lives. The police are engaged in important spots to control the situation and to avert unwanted events. Yet harassment of man and women often becomes a common scene. On a hartal day students suffer a lot. We hope the peaceful solution of any problem arisen between the government and the opposition. Above all, we should consider the suffering of the people while calling hartal. We also ought to consider that the would-be hartal is so necessary? So we should abstain ourselves from calling hartal as far as possible. A hartal day Hartal mainly refers the act of total shutdown of workplaces, offices, shops, courts of law as a form of civil disobedience particularly in political protest. In modern strife torn state hartal has become a common affair. It is observed at the call of a political party to press their demand to the ruling political party. The opposition political parties observe hartal to protest against the corruption, misuse of power and the evil deeds of the ruling party. Sometimes students and people of a locality call hartal to express their demands. On a hartal day normal course of life is stopped. All means of transport and vehicles do not move on the roads. People are to take a lot of troubles to attend their offices. They go on foot as vehicles are not available. As a result the attendance is very negligible in the offices, factories, industries and shops. The economy of the country suffers a heavy loss. Mills, factories and industries stop their work. All the business centers, markets and shops remain closed. The supporters in favour of hartal bring out procession. Often clashes occur between the police and the picketers. Sometime clashes take place between the supporters of the opposition and the ruling political partical parties which result in some deaths. On a hartal day the suffering of the people know no bounds. Actually, it is a mode of appealing to the sympathies of a government to change an unpopular or unacceptable decision. Basic Human Rights: A global demand for establishing peace In the present civilised world everybody has some rights to exercise. The rights to get food, shelter, education, medical treatment etc. are called fundamental rights. But the concept of basic human rights derives from the belief that a man cannot exist in this world without having certain rights in a particular tribe or in the society. The basic human rights are divided into different categories. They are social rights, civil rights, … .political rights, economic rights, religious rights and cultural rights. Social rights mean the rights to move freely, to arrange and attend any social function like meeting, conference, marriage ceremony, birthday party or any other social function. Civil rights refer to the rights of the citizens. Every citizen has the rights to be free from the interference, attack and disturbance of others. Political rights mean the rights to join trade union, to take part in the administration, to give vote and to have the freedom of speech including freedom of expression of opinions. An inhabitant will also exercise the cultural rights, religious rights and economic rights. A person can attend various cultural functions like Pahela Baishakh, carnival, jatra, snake charming, puppet show etc. as well as can arrange them at different times. In the same way people can enjoy various religious festivals like Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Azha, Christmas day, Swarashati puja etc and all these are their religious rights. Moreover, people of different religions can independently say their respective prayers going to mosque, church, temple or pagoda, and perform other religious activities. Every person can possess properties, establish organisations, support others financially etc —– all these are some examples of economic rights. In the constitution all rights of the people have been obviously mentioned. All citizens are equal in the eye of law and justice. But in many countries of the world including Bangladesh basic human rights are being violated brutally. This violation must be considered crime. And this type of crime is usually committed by the law-enforcing agencies, miscreants and politicians. Definitely they should be punished for violating fundamental human rights. So, some pragmatic measures should be adopted by the govt. as well as by all leading NGO’s. All constitutional writings about basic human rights have to be materialised in no time. Moreover, we have to raise consciousness about the basic human rights among all people through different mass media like radio, television, cinema, newspaper, poster, internet etc. and through political activities, canvass and propaganda so that we can ensure the fundamental human rights for the overall betterment of all. HOLIDAY I love holidays. Who doesn’t love holidays especially when unexpected holidays come suddenly in the middle of the week? I really don’t know what happens to me on a holiday - one moment I am fast asleep dreaming of the homework I have not done. Again the next minute I am wide awake suddenly realising I need not touch my books, as the homework can wait another twenty-four hours. I love being outdoors, so before it gets too hot I put in half-an-hour’s jogging and some cricket practice with a few like-minded friends from the neighbourhood. I then have a huge breakfast revelling in the luxury of dawdling over my glass of my milk. The rest of the day is spent doing days-like finishing an exciting book, ringing up an old friend, cleaning my room, helping my father to clean his car and even trying my hand at painting. I like to watch television too and listen to some good music. Change of activity is very relaxing so I try to avoid being idle. Moreover it’s fun to do different things every little while. Hence I don’t get bored. Even on holidays, I believe in sleeping early to enable me to wake up fresh the next morning. This is how I pass my holidays with different activities. HONESTY MUST BE REWARDED Honesty is one of the noblest virtues of a human individual. Honesty is the best policy. It reveals the truth. A dishonest man may be successful for a time being. But an honest man is sure to succeed in the long run. The student who cheats in an examination may gain good marks. He learns thereby to adopt unfair means of passing his future examinations. Consequently he loses his confidence and self-reliance. He himself ruins his career and reputation. The bad effects of dishonesty can also be observed in the cases of civil service, business and trade, economy, politics, etc. Dishonest persons collapse all the spheres of our national life. A dishonest person suddenly makes himself rich by dishonest means but he is severely punished by his conscience. The dishonest man lives all through his life in dread. His misdeeds may at any moment be revealed in the broad light of day. On the other hand and honest man is a glorious ornament for a society. He brings the glory for men and nation. He can disperse his virtues throughout the nation. Everybody can rely on him undoubtedly. He becomes renowned and reputed everywhere. An honest man can overcome all the difficulties in the society by dint of his noble virtue. In the long run both an honest man and a dishonest man are evaluated. The honesty of an honest person is rewarded and a dishonest person is rebuked by everybody. The honesty of a man sparkles the flame of truth everywhere A HARTAL DAY In modern strife-torn state ‘hartal’ has become a common affair. We are quite familiar with it. On a hartal day normal course of life is stopped. All means of transport and vehicles do not move on the roads. Rickshaws are seen few and far between. Picketers are very active on a hartal day. They burn old tyres on the road to stop the movement of the vehicles. People are to take a lot of troubles to attend their offices. The attendance is very negligible in the offices, factories, industries and shops. The roads look desolate. The banks cannot operate any transactions. The supporters in favour of hartal bring out procession. The police patrol the towns. They are employed on important points through the cities and towns to prevent any sort of violence and avert unwanted events. Nevertheless, sometimes, untoward incidents take place. They charge batons and lob tear gases to disperse the agitated mob. Sometimes there is chase and counter chase. At times the sounds of crackers and bomb explosion are heard. The angry mob set fire on vehicles and shops. On a hartal day the sufferings of the people know no bound. A Hartal Day A hartal is nothing but a medium of protest. Generally opposition parties combined together call out hartal to protest against the unlawful activities of the ruling government. On a hartal day all types of educational institutions, the shops, the markets, the mills, the factories and the industries remain closed. But the government offices remain open. So the government employees are to go to their offices on foot. All types of vehicles are stopped by the picketers but some rickshaws are seen in the roads and streets. The picketers often damage some rickshaws by setting fire to them. The roads and the streets look vacant. The ambulance and the vehicles of the newspaper agencies have no restriction. The supporters of the hartal often attack the police to create disturbance. The police charge with stick and tear gas to disperse the hartal supporters. The picketers use crackers and bombs to frighten the passers-by. The police patrol often arrests the violent supporters. Processions are seen on the streets. Nowadays some processions are seen legally organized to recover the respective demands from the government as well as other institutions. However, the common people do not support the frequent hartals. A HAWKER A hawker is a common figure in Bangladesh. His long-drawn trade call draws the attention of the women-folk of the house. They respond to the call the send for him. There are two classes of hawkers. Some want to sell articles and some want to buy old and used articles. The hawker who sells articles is more in number. He moves from door to door. He is seen on almost all the streets. The hawker who wants to buy old and worn out articles from the houses has a peculiar way of declaring the list of the articles he wants. He comes to the house at noon when the male-folks are away from the houses. So he can easily cheat the women-folks in price and in weight. He buys food grains, worn-out clothes and shoes, old books and newspapers. The street hawker is perhaps one of the cleverest men. They know the art of winning the heart of his customers. His manners enchant them. He does not always make a very high profit. His only point is to sell something. In spite of his wit and art, the hawker is very poor. He is too poor to maintain his family HOW I HAVE CELEBRATED THE BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment HOW TO ARRANGE A PICNIC A picnic is a pleasant diversion. It breaks the monotony of life. But holding a picnic is easier than arranging it. If a group of people want to go on a picnic, they are to do some particular things. First, they are to form a committee, choose a picnic spot and fix a date. These things give ample scope for discussion and argument and make things lively. Secondly the committee will be divided into some groups to do different kinds of things such as fund raising, purchasing food items, hiring transport, cooking, arranging games, cultural programme etc. Thirdly, the committee will collect the subscription from all the members within the fixed date. Meanwhile the group work starts. Some go for arranging conveyance, some purchase eatables and some collect other items. Thus everyone performs his or her assigned duties. This shows up the efficiency and resourcefulness of individual member of the party. Finally comes the picnic itself. All the members will start for their picnic spot on the fixed day from a place fixed before. And full-blooded young people then enjoy the picnic. HOW I HAVE ENJOYED MY LAST RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL This time I along with our family have visited our village home and spent the Eid festival there. We had reached the village two days before. My two cousins with their families also visited the village. On the eve of the Eid we passed the night in excitement, and made various preparations. Some of us used fireworks and decorated and illuminated our houses. As soon as the day dawned all rose from our beds. We had our bath. Then we dressed ourselves in the best clothes. This being over, we all proceeded towards the ‘maidan’ to offer prayers in congregation. At the end, we embraced one another. Then we came back to our houses and we wished our grandmother, mothers and sisters. Meanwhile mother and aunts prepared ‘shemai’ and other kinds of sweets. Then all of us took sweets with great joy and merriment. Sweets were also distributed among the poor, friends and relatives. Poor people gathered at the lawn of the houses and my grandfather gave them money and clothes. In the evening we visited the houses of our relatives and passed our time in merry-making. Everywhere we were received with utmost cordiality and hospitality. Then we came back our home. Sumptuous dinner was arranged in our home. At night we all got together and had a gossip for a long time. There we sang songs, cut jokes etc. Thus the day passed through great excitement and bustle. HOW TO ARRANGE BOOKS IN A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. There are rules of borrowing and using the library books. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. The books of libraries are arranged in an orderly way and it helps the readers to get their desired book easily. THE HOUSE I LIVE IN / A PLACE WHERE I LIVE A house is a dwelling place for anyone. There is nothing like a house. The house I live in with other members is a one-storeyed building. It is situated in an open place with good space on all sides. It has wide windows and doors to let in sufficient light and air. It has as many as seven rooms. Of them, three are bedrooms-----one for guests and the other two for the members of the family. The remaining four rooms are a reading room, a store-room, a drawing room and a dining room. The reading room is furnished with shelves containing books on different subjects. The drawing room is furnished with comfortable modern furniture. Some nice pictures, photographs and handiworks are hung on the walls. The bedrooms are simple and are arranged in different ways. A bathroom, a sanitary latrine and a kitchen are at some distance from the bedrooms. A flower garden with various seasonal flowers is the chief attraction of our house. We keep our house neat and clean. We are quite happy to live in our house. HOW TO BOARD A PLANE A journey by air is a pleasant experience for anyone. If anyone wants to make a journey, he is to go through some formalities for boarding a plane. One is to arrive at the airport about an hour before the flight. Then he is to be checked in and wait in the lounge. Then he is given a boarding card on which the number of his seat is written. When the flight is announced, the passengers are asked to board the plane. Next he is to get on board and find his seat. When all the passengers are in, the door is closed. As the plane is ready to take off, the passengers are asked to fasten our seat belts. The passenger is also given instructions about what to do in case of an emergency. Then the plane takes off smoothly. Shortly after taking off, the captain’s voice was heard. He welcomed us and wished us a happy journey. A few minutes later we were given newspapers. We were also served soft drink. I looked through the window and saw clouds flying past the plane. Following the example of others, I unfastened my seat belt. I felt a thrill of joy when I noticed below the rivers appeared to be thin lines drawn on a sheet of paper. Suddenly it was announced that we were very close to Dhaka Air Port and we would be landing in a few minutes. We were again asked to fasten our seat belts. The plane began to lose height and soon landed softly. Thus my first flight came to an end and I was again on mother earth. HOW TO CELEBRATE A BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. First he is to invite his relatives and friends. Secondly he is to decorate his house nicely. He will also put on his new dress. Thirdly he will arrange a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, he will light the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it feel interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing the host many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of a birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment. HOW TO DO GARDENING We can use our leisure period by some productive work like gardening. To make a flower or vegetable garden at first we have to select a fertile piece of land where water does not stand. Then we have to plough the land well to make it suitable for sowing seeds or planting little seedlings in it. In the mean time we also have to remove all the unnecessary grasses from the land. Then we can sow seeds or plant seedlings of flower as we want. Then to protect the garden from, cattle, goats hens and naughty boys, we have to make a strong fence around the garden. And, to get good harvest from the garden we have to give times of one or two hours daily to take proper care of the garden. During gardening we have to make the soil loose and water the plants regularly. In this way we can make a good garden. This gardening not only refreshes our body but also keeps our mind sound. At last we can say that by gardening we can use our leisure or idle time in a useful way. HOW TO DO WELL IN THE EXAMINATION An ambitious student aims at doing well in the examination. S/he always follows a strategy to achieve brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Students should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop their creativity. They should prepare their own notes which will help them avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. They should revise their lessons frequently. It is important for an examinee to check and double-check the dates and times of ensuing exams and be aware of carrying the necessary things along with to the examination hall. In the examination hall, students should go through the whole question paper before starting to write and take the mental preparation of attempting to answer all the questions. While having a glance at the question paper, it is better to underline the key words in the questions. Moreover, during answering ‘half way’ check is important to be in proper track. Care should be given to the hand writing so that it is legible to the examiner. By following aforesaid things, a student can comfortably reach his / her definite goal of success. HOW TO DO WELL IN THE EXAMINATION Every student tries to do well in the examination. There are certain things one must do and there are certain things one should avoid to make brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Regular work right from the very beginning makes one thorough. S/he should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop creativity. S/he should not learn answers by rote taking from a common source. S/he should prepare her/his own notes which will help her/his to avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. S/he should revise her/his lessons frequently. Again, a student has to have a fairly good command of the language to answer unexpected questions offhand. Besides, S/he should keep a diary and write a few pages on any topic to improve her/his writing skill. By understanding the lessons and regular reading and writing, a student can comfortably reach her/his definite goal of success HOW TO GREET A FRIEND A friend is a great blessing upon us. A friend usually expects from us good reception and good behaviour. Friendship which is a celestial relationship teaches us how to greet a friend. Accordingly, the greetings towards a friend usually come from the heart. When a friend comes to visit us, we should greet him cordially. We should give him a warm reception. At the commencement we can greet him with a bouquet of flowers. Our welcoming note should be sweet and loving. We should let him come and have his seat in our residence. We are to allow him feel relaxed and homely. When he gets his seat, he should be offered light refreshment. We should not have any sort of meanness to entertain him. We are to show such behaviour as he can consider himself one of the members of our family. We should introduce him to our parents and other members of the family. As the friend is guest to our residence, we should also give him enough time. We have to always look after him. Care has to be given so that he can’t feel shy or embarrassed in any situation. We have to be careful about his well-being till he is my guest. We should exchange our opinions freely. Above all, we have to give more and more care so that he may not get hurt in any situation. Thus we can greet a friend warm-heartedly. HOW TO HAVE A GOOD COMMAND IN ENGLISH English is regarded as the international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to have a good command in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with out friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like debate in English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not feel shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can have a good command in English. HOW TO IMPROVE THE STANDARD OF ENGLISH English is regarded as the international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to enrich one’s capacity in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with out friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not fell shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can improve the standard of English. HOW TO KEEP FIT A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to keep fit. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everybody. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us to keep fit. HOW TO KEEP IN GOOD HEALTH A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to keep in good health. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everybody. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us to keep in good. HOW TO KEEP MY ROOM TIDY My room is like a temple to me. This is the place where I spend most of my time. Sometimes, my room is at sixes and sevens. The condition of the room makes me uncomfortable when I find my room in complete disarray. So, I always try to keep my room tidy. My room serves two purposes-----a reading room and a bed room. In order to make my room tidy, I have to manage some free time and become active. I collect a broom to sweep the room from one end to the other. I dump the dust and waste into a waste-paper basket. Sometimes, I mop the floor of the room to make it clean. The furniture are regularly cleaned. There are one reading table, one book-shelf, one chair and a bed. I put my books on the shelf. I keep my text books isolated from other books and magazines. On the small cane rack I keep all my magazines. On the table, there is a flower vase in which I regularly put some fresh flowers and it gives me a divine happiness. After my studies, I always set my table so that the books can be arranged well. I always keep my bed clean. It gives me a fresh feeling when I go to bed. In this way my room, which is my heaven, is kept neat and tidy. How to Learn English Learning and improving English is very essential and important in our life because today English is an international language. Now it dominates over all the languages of the globe. In the world, there is hardly any country where English is not taught, spoken and used. At present English is widely spoken and used almost every corner of the globe. In order to improve and learn English one has to develop four language skills like listening, speaking, reading and writing. Listening and speaking skills are important and useful means of acquiring a language.To develop listening skill one must listen to the radio and TV programs and news in English regularly. One has to listen or enjoy meetings. seminars, debating discussions and programmes in English. Besides, in order to improve listening skill, one should listen or enjoy the conversation of the English speaking people and listen to English news on TV and Radio regularly. In order to develop speaking skill, a student should speak with his teachers and classmates in English, participate in English debating competitions and speak loudly in English while he or she is alone To develop reading skill, a learner should read English news papers and magazines and English story books regularly. In order to develop writing skill, the learner should practise freehand writing on any topics. For this purse, he or she has to learn more new words daily and the rules of grammar. If a learn, practises in this way regularly he or she can learn and improve his knowledge over English. HOW TO LEARN ENGLISH English is regarded as an international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to have a good command in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with our friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like debate in English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not feel shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can have a good command in English HOW TO LOOK FOR A BOOK IN A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. One may find difficulty in finding books in a library unless he knows the rules of borrowing and using the library books. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. This is the way through which one may look for a book in a library and find it easily. HOW TO MAKE A BURGER A burger is a kind of junk food. It is the combination of different food items with bun. It is not very difficult to make a burger. Food making a burger one has to arrange various nutritive food items such as lettuce, burger meat, tomatoes, sauce, cucumber, cheese, onions etc. At first the bun is cut into two halves------the upper half and the lower half. Secondly, a leaf of lettuce is spread on the lower half of the bun. Meanwhile, spices are mixed with grinded meat and the meat is to be fried. When the burger meat is ready, it is to be put on the lettuce. Then the slices of tomato, cucumber, onions and cheese are put on the meat one after one. For the better taste, a coating of butter and sauce can be smeared inside the bun. Next the upper half of the bun is to be put on the top. Finally a tooth pick is to be pierced from the top to bottom of the bun so that the ingredients can be stuck. In this way a burger is made. And the burger is ready to be served. HOW TO MAKE A CUP OF TEA A cup of tea gives us vigour in the moment of dull and dreary. Making a cup of tea is a very simple and easy thing. First, one has to take some drinking water in a kettle and boil it for a few minutes. The water has to be sufficiently boiled, or else the tea will not be as good as it can be. When the water is sufficiently boiled, it is to be poured into a tea-pot and a measure of tea-leaves is to pour into it. The measure depends on the quantity of water. The usual ratio is one tea-spoonful of tea-leaves to a cup of water and a tea-spoonful extra. Under no circumstances should the water be boiled after tea-leaves have been poured into it. The tea-leaves must be allowed to soak in the hot water for a few minutes or the liquor will be too weak. When the leaves have been allowed to soak in the water long enough, the tea liquor is prepared. Finally, it is poured through a strainer into a cup and milk and sugar are added to it. One may add ginger or lemon juice instead of milk according to one’s taste. And then a stimulating cup of tea is prepared to serve. HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER GARDEN A flower garden is a place of heavenly beauty and serenity. In order to make a flower garden we should have a good planning. First of all, we have to select a suitable piece of land. Secondly, the fields should be ploughed properly to lose the soil. When it is done, we break the soil into small pieces. Then we use a leveller to level the ground. The field is to be weeded out. Next, the flower seeds or plants are sown in rows in the seed-bed. After a period of time, the tender plants are to be transplanted in the main ground. Sometimes we need to make shades on the tender flower plants so that the excessive heat cannot make any harm of the growing plants. Then after, we do the most vital thing that is to make a fence to protect the garden from the attack of cows, goats and other animals. Sometimes, it is necessary to dig a small drain for the easy flow of the water. In order to protect the plants from the attacks of various diseases, we should take care of them everyday. The gardening is completed here but the process goes for some more days as need to be vigilant for taking care of the plants. In a few days the garden is in full bloom of beautiful flowers. HOW TO OPEN A BANK ACCOUNT A bank account is a safeguard for any person for his evil days. Opening a bank account is quite easy. People who are thrifty and want to keep their money safe and secured, open an account with the bank. One has to maintain a certain procedure to open a bank account. There is a provision of an application form. First, the client or the account-opener has to fill in the form. Secondly, he or she has to be introduced by someone who has an account with that particular bank. The introducer must put his signature and write his address and account number in the relevant part of the application. Next, there is a signature card on which the client has to put his or her specimen signature and attach two passport size photographs. The photographs must be attested by the introducer. Then the account opener is given a deposit book and a withdrawal book. At last the client requires a reasonable amount of money to deposit for opening the account. Thus a person can easily open a bank account with the help of a bank manager or any other bank authority. How to plan for your future career planning and specialization is the motto of the present age. An aim is essential for every individual. A person with a fixed aim runs towards success. There is a proverb that a person without an aim is like a ship without a rudder. So it is necessary for every individual to have a proper plan for the future. Without a proper plan one cannot achieve any prosper in life. A planned life is full of success. On the other hand, a person who leads an unplanned life and who is negligent of the future can not touch the stair of success. Here we can mention the name of the farmers, Mr. Ant and Mr. Grasshopper. Mr. Ant was a laborious man. He planned for his future. According to his plan, he was very busy in his fields in the hot summer. As a result, he didn’t face any kind of food shortage in the winter. On the other hand, Mr. Grasshopper was in an adverse position. He was a very lazy man. He was thoughtless about his future and didn’t work hard in the summer. Due to his unplanned life, he had to face food shortage, while his friend Mr. Ant was enjoying his life. From the above discussion we can say that an unplanned life is full of sufferings. And without a proper plan a man’s life will become valueless. And to make a proper plan we need to concentrate on our surroundings. We need to know our lacking as well as our positive sides. Firstly, we need to know what we want to be in future. Secondly, we need to fix up our choice and work properly to attain success in our way of ascending. Thirdly, we need to be persistent on our plan like Mr. Grasshopper. And, following these steps we can earn success. HOW TO PLAY CRICKET Cricket is one of the popular games of the world. Cricket is very popular in Bangladesh also. It is played between two teams -- each consisting of eleven players. A large stretch of perfectly flat and smooth ground is necessary for this game. A cricket field must have a turf which has to be kept soft by means of watering. The wickets are pitched opposite and paralleled at a distance of 22 yards. Other requisites of the cricket game are two wooden bats, a ball and two sets of stumps. The umpire’s signal marks the beginning of the game and the bowler starts bowling. After every six balls the bowler’s over ends. The batsman saves the wickets against the ball bowled by a player of the opposite side. The fielders either catch or stop the ball. The wicket keeper stands just behind the wicket. The batsman hits the ball. He scores four runs for a boundary, six runs for an over boundary and a run for each change of place with his partner. The batsman cannot give a catch and leave the stamps unprotected. If he does so, he may be caught or stamped out or run out. The batsman may be out in many ways, such as ‘bowled out’, ‘run out’, ‘stumped out’, ‘caught out’, ‘leg before wicket out’ and ‘hit-wicket out’. Moreover fairness, which is the very essence of this game, is to be maintained. Following all these rules make the game a successful and exciting one. HOW TO PLAY FOOTBALL Football is one of the popular games in our country. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. HOW TO USE INTERNET Internet is the key media of the telecommunication system that spread out all over the world. Total combination of numerous tiny networks is called the Internet. Receiving and sending various types of information is the main function of the Internet. Before using the internet one must know how to use a computer. In using the internet one has to use particular software. Data move through Internet in packet form. The destination and address is involved with these packets, and accordingly, these packets reach the destination. By this time, these packets pass through mid level or regional network. If we click on the icon of browsing such as the Microsoft Explorer or Netscape Navigator we will automatically get logged on the Internet. Now we will find a space for writing the address of the web page we want to see. If we write the address we will get to see that page. We can also go to a search engine for finding a particular page or a piece of information. A search engine is a system through which we can search for information on web pages containing information. Yahoo and Microsoft Network are such engines. Through this way we will be able to look for our desired information on the Internet. The learning of the Internet system will positively bring good result in the fields of our education and business. We hope that all will enjoy this wonderful fruit of modern science in future. HOW TO USE A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. There are rules of using a library. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. With the help of a call number one can easily find out a book in a library. Thus the books of a library are arranged in an orderly way and it helps the readers to use it conveniently. HOW TO PREPARE FOR A TOUR Tour is a part of education. It gives us first hand knowledge of the places through which we pass. It also brings us into contact with different people of different ways of life. The lessons we collect from a tour are more interesting and more effective than what we get from books. A tour helps us to dispel our monotony and renew our zeal for study. This is why tours are encouraged everywhere. Before making a tour one has to prepare for it. One is to remember not to make haste while preparing for the tour. First of all one needs to ensure about the tourist spot, transportation system, total cost etc. Then for personal packing one is to have a suitcase to carry everything. Dresses for the purpose are important. One should carry one’s personal usable things such as, brush, toothpaste. Camera is an essential thing which helps one to take all the important sights. A diary is also very essential during one’s visit. It may help one to note down everything one experiences. First aid arrangements are also to be carried for covering the security. Last but not the least one should carry a substantial amount of money for personal expenses. This is how one can prepare for a tour. HOW TO TAKE CARE OF HEALTH / PRESERVATION OF HEALTH A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to take care of health / preserve health. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everyday. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us take care of health / preserve health. HOW TO STAGE A DRAMA ON YOUR ANNUAL CULTURAL PROGRAMME Cultural programmes are the ground of building up the students in a balanced way. In a school every year the students arrange annual cultural programme. Staging a play is one of the activities of the cultural programme. In our school we arrange cultural programme every year. Accordingly this year we have arranged our annual cultural programme in our school premises. We, the students of class eight were selected to stage a drama in this programme. First of all we discussed with our cultural teacher, Mr. Amin regarding the playing on a drama. We selected the drama ‘Kabar’ by Munir Chowdhury. The teacher approved it and helped us a lot by giving us advice. Some of us were selected to take part in the drama. We rehearsed the drama for some days before staging it. Just before the scheduled day a stage was erected in the school auditorium. In the meantime, all the students of the school and the honourable guardians and teachers were invited. On the particular day the spectators took their place before the performance. At the fixed time the drama started. The participants performed well in the drama. At the end of the play we were greeted with applause. The Chief Guest and the Headmaster praised us with high admiration. The next day our fellow mates appreciated us and thanked us a lot for presenting them a drama on our annual cultural programme. HOW WE CAN HELP OUR FAMILY Family is an institution in which a person is born, grown up and he passes his life. Our family is the provider of all sorts of comforts and facilities towards us. All our sorrows and anxieties are erased by the soft touch of the family members. This family consists of our father, mother, brother and sisters. Here we all share our joys and sorrows. Similarly we can share our responsibilities. We can co-operate our family by extending our helping hands. Our parents are busy all day long for our comforts and well-being. In case of our household chores, we can help our mothers. We can help mother prepare our food, wash clothes, dust the furniture. We can make our bed by myself. Before or after having meal, we can set the tables, wash the dishes and other utensils. Sometimes we can wipe the floors of the house for maintaining the cleanliness. When our father comes back from work, we can offer him food. While our mothers are busy with their work, we can look after our younger brothers and sisters. We can also go shopping, run errands for the family. Moreover, we have to carry on with our studies regularly and maintain our health properly so that our parents need not worry about us. By following all these things we can help our family to a great extent. HOW TO WRITE ANSWERS IN THE ANSWER SCRIPTS Writing answers in the answer scripts may be an awful experience. However, a little organisation and discipline will help remove this fear. First, when the answerscripts are distributed, we must write down every detail (name, roll number, registration number, subject, subject code, name of the board) on the first page. Second, when the question paper is handed out we must give it a thorough reading. Then we should select and tick those questions for answering which we have learnt well. Next we should answer the questions one by one according to our choice. Then gradually we take up the questions which are less easy. Thus, in answering scripts we should follow an easy-do-difficult method. We should also be very careful of time and our handwriting. Moreover, we should answer all the questions in full, that is, we should leave no question unanswered. We should write offhand using our instant creations in case of answering uncommon questions. In writing answer scripts, we have to bear in mind that the answers should be in short and precise language. Besides, the answers must always be to the point. After writing all the answers, we should revise them whether we have to forgotten to write any major point or done any sort of mistake. Maintaining all these things, a student is sure to achieve a good result in the examination. HOW TO PREVENT ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution. Air pollution and water pollution are the main factors which contribute to the pollution of our environment. All things that produce heavy smoke pollute air. Railway engines, mills and factories and power houses use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel. This air pollution causes pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Again water is polluted in many ways. Farmers use chemical fertilisers and insecticide in their lands to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with canal water and river water. Mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste materials into the rivers and canals. Steamers, launches and even sail boats pollute water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the big canals and rivers. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. This water pollution causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. To prevent this pollution we must take some steps. The government must be active as well as the common people should come forward to resolve this problem. Mills and factories must be set in particular places. Industrial wastes cannot be thrown here and there. Dumping of oil in the water must be stopped. Unsanitary latrines cannot be set beside river or canal. Overuse of chemical fertilizer must be stopped. Last but not the least, we must plant more and more trees to prevent environment pollution. HOW TO PREVENT DIARRHOEA Diarrhoea is a common disease in our country. It is an epidemic. When people are attacked by diarrhoea, they suffer from the deficiency of water, which is called dehydration. Diarrhoea spreads through contaminated food and water. So drinking unsafe water or eating contaminated food causes diarrhoea. People attacked by diarrhoea feel thirsty and suffer from malnutrition. If this situation continues, the patient gradually grows weaker. Sometimes the condition becomes so fatal; it even causes the patient death. To recover from illness, primarily rehydration mixture is prescribed to the patients. Along with the oral saline, patients are advised to take all types of food items regularly. To prevent diarrhoea people should drink safe water, eat fresh food and keep the environment safe and healthy. They should wash hands with soap or ash before eating and after using the toilet. Using sanitary latrine is indispensable for keeping the environment healthy. Above all, Maintenance of cleanliness is a must for a patient of diarrhoea. HOW TO MAKE A SCHOOL GARDEN A school garden is a beautiful sight. It adds to the beauty of a school. A school garden may be in front of a school or behind it. Generally a teacher of a school is in charge of the garden. He helps and guides the students. The students with the help of teachers and advisers first choose a suitable piece of land for a school garden. To prepare the land, they use different tools namely spade, hoe, rose leveller etc. They dig deep into the soil and prepare it for sowing different seeds. After sowing the seeds when the seedlings grow up they make the soil loose and pull out weeds and put fertiliser on it. And finally they water the garden and put up a fence around it to keep cattle out of it and grow different kinds of flowers and vegetables. Then the students make their own school garden. As for instance, here we can refer to the class 8 students of Nurpur High School and how they made their own school garden. One day some students of Class 8 looked out of their classroom window. They found a piece of fallow school land. They thought that they could make a garden on that fallow land. Accordingly they told Mr. Anis, the general science teacher about their idea. They told him that they would grow flowers and vegetables on a piece of school land. Mr. Anis liked the idea. The Headmaster also agreed with Mr. Anis with the result that they got a piece of land for making a garden. And they started their works on the land. Using different tools they prepared the land properly for gardening and they finally grew more beautiful flowers and lovely vegetables in the garden. The garden increased the beauty of their school and they felt proud of it. In fine, we may say that a school garden is a source of joy to the students. It develops their creative powers. It does not hamper their studies because they work during leisure and after school. THE INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY The International Women’s Day is celebrated on the 8th March every year since 1914. It is an event marked by struggle around the world, an important occasion everywhere in the world. This date designated in many countries as a national holiday is also commemorated at the United Nation. The idea of the International Women’s Day first arose at the turn of the nineteenth century. There is disparity between men and women in the society. Women are always deprived of various rights and opportunities. It is necessary to make awareness among the people, especially women of the world on this issue. This is because if people are conscious, women will be able to enjoy more rights and facilities at every walk in the society. This is why the International Women’s Day is observed throughout the world proclaiming equality, justice, peace and solidarity. On 18th March, 1914 the women of all the European countries except Russia held rallies either to protest the First World War as part of the peace movement or to express solidarity with their sisters. Increasingly the International Women’s Day is a time to reflect on progress made to call for change and to celebrate acts of bravery and determination by ordinary women who have played an extra-ordinary role in the history of women’s rights. On this day, women of our country bring out procession, hold rallies, meetings and seminars. This is why the day is observed in Bangladesh. J BAD EFFECTS OF EATING JUNK FOOD ‘Junk food’ is food that has been produced for its pungent taste rather than for its health value. Junk food is gaining popularity very rapidly amongst the youngsters. It is regarded as a symbol of modernity to go to places where junk food is served. Perhaps, most youngsters who consume this type of foo d do not realise the hazards their health is exposed to. Very often, this junk food is prepared unhygienically, using contaminated water and cheap cooking oil. Fine flour which is used for preparing this food is both harmful for the digestive system and makes the body bulky. It has very little nutritive value. Further, it spoils the skin, leading to unsightly eruptions. It often contains added chemicals which make it taste soothing but are unhealthy. It usually contains a lot of animal fat or sugar. Foods like chips, burgers, crisps, cakes, biscuits, are high in animal fats. Sweets and fizzy drinks like cola and lemonade are high in sugar. When we eat a large amount of fat, our bodies turn them into fatty issue, and a large amount of sugar can damage our teeth and skin. Junk food lacks the vitamins and minerals we need. So, before one reaches out for that mouth-watering junk food, one should restrain oneself and consider for a while the harmful effects of junk food. BAD EFFECTS OF EATING JUNK FOOD ‘Junk food’ is food that has been produced for its pungent taste rather than for its health value. Junk food is gaining popularity very rapidly amongst the youngsters. It is regarded as a symbol of modernity to go to places where junk food is served. Perhaps, most youngsters who consume this type of food do not realise the hazards their health is exposed to. Very often, this junk food is prepared unhygienically, using contaminated water and cheap cooking oil. Fine flour which is used for preparing this food is both harmful for the digestive system and makes the body bulky. It has very little nutritive value. Further, it spoils the skin, leading to unsightly eruptions. It often contains added chemicals which make it taste soothing but are unhealthy. It usually contains a lot of animal fat or sugar. Foods like chips, burgers, crisps, cakes, biscuits, are high in animal fats. Sweets and fizzy drinks like cola and lemonade are high in sugar. When we eat a large amount of fat, our bodies turn them into fatty issue, and a large amount of sugar can damage our teeth and skin. Junk food lacks the vitamins and minerals we need. All those who are health conscious should switch to fresh fruits and vegetables which contain all the nutrients in the right amount and are easy to digest. Hygienically prepared homemade food can be equally appetising. Thus before one reaches out for that mouth-watering junk food, one should restrain oneself and consider for a while the harmful effects of junk food. Junk Food Junk food is such a kind of food which has been produced for its pungent taste. It does not have any food value. It looks very appealing and attractive to everybody but it is not good for health. It often contains added chemicals which make it's taste soothing but it is unhealthy. It also contains a lot of animal fat or sugar so that they may become tasty. Foods like chips, burgers, crisps, cakes a biscuits are all junk foods and are rich in animal fats. When we eat a large amount of fat, our bodies turn them into fatty tissues which are harmful for our health. On the contrary, sweets and fizzy drinks like cola and lemonade are high in sugar. Our skin and teeth are damaged owing to taking a large amount of sugar. As Junk food lacks in the vitamins and minerals, we should avoid it. Home made food is usually prepared from chemical free ingredients like fresh fruits, vegetables and other items. It contains a healthy balanced of nutrients as such vitamins, minerals etc. So we should take sufficient home made food to keep sound health. Junk Food Food lacking nutritional balance is called junk food that does not form part of a well-balanced diet, especially highly processed, high-fat snack items eaten in place of or in addition to regular meals Many processed foods not only contain high levels of added simple sugars, they also tend to be high in fat and lacking in the vitamins and minerals found naturally in complex carbohydrates. Nutritionists often refer to such processed foods as junk foods and say that they provide only empty calories, meaning they are loaded with calories from sugars and fats but lack the essential nutrients our bodies need. It has been produced for its pungent taste rather than for its health value. Junk food is gaining popularity very rapidly amongst the youngsters. It is regarded as a symbol of modernity to go to places which serve junk food. Perhaps, most youngsters who consume this type of food do not realize the hazards their health is being exposed to. Very often, this junk food is prepared unhygienically, using contaminated water and cheap cooking oil. Fine flour which is used for preparing this food is both harmful for the digestive system and makes the body bulky. It has very little nutritive value. Further, it spoils the skin, leading to unsightly eruptions. It often contains added chemicals which make it taste soothing but are unhealthy. It usually contains a lot of animal fat or sugar. Foods like chips, burgers, crisps, cakes, biscuits, are high in animal fats. Sweets and fizzy drinks like cola and lemonade are high in sugar. When we eat a large amount of fat our bodies turn them into fatty issue, and a large amount of sugar can damage our teeth and skin. Junk food lacks the vitamins and minerals we need. All those who are health conscious should switch to fresh fruits and vegetables which contain all the nutrients in the right amount and are easy to digest. Hygienically prepared homemade food can be equally appetizing. Thus before one reaches out for that mouth-watering junk food, one should restrain oneself and consider for a while the harmful effects of junk food. Junk Food Junk food is one of the cooked harmful food. Now it has become very popular in our country too. Junk food is a food which is made for its pungent taste but it has no food value. People usually take junk food for its pungent taste. The food is lovely looking but does not benefit to our body whereas it does a great harm to our body. It often contains added harmful chemicals and a lot of animal fat or sugar. Junk food lacks in vitamins and minerals which are very needful to health. The high amount of sugar in junk food damages our teeth. The junk food containing high amount of animals fat forms fatty tissue in our body and it harms our skin seriously. Food items such as chips, cakes, biscuits, burgers, sweets and cold drinks are junk food. Our school and college-going children and young people are seen taking or having junk food with much leisure. Since junk food contains no element of the balanced food we should Old having/ talking it. Rice. fish. khichuri and vegetables are the principal home made food. They contain all the elements of the balanced food which are good for health. So, we should eat home made food regularly for building up and maintaining sound health. Our children should be discouraged taking junk food. Besides, the danger of junk food should be broadcast in the newspaper on TV screen and in the radio widely. A JOURNEY BY PLANE I had a chance to make a journey by plane from Chittagong to Dhaka. It was my first flight. At the invitation of my elder brother, I got the opportunity. I arrived at the airport about an hour before the flight and checked in and waited in the lounge. I was given a boarding card on which the number of my seat was written. There were a large number of people at the airport. It was not long before the departure of the flight was announced and we were asked to board the plane. I got on board and found my seat. When all the passengers were in, the door was closed. As the plane was ready to take off, we were asked to fasten our seat belts. We were also given instructions about what to do in case of an emergency. Then the plane took off smoothly. I was excited. I tried to control myself as I could. Shortly after taking off, the captain’s voice was heard. He welcomed us and wished us a happy journey. A few minutes later we were given newspapers. We were also served soft drink. I looked through the window and saw clouds flying past the plane. Following the example of others, I unfastened my seat belt. I felt a thrill of joy when I noticed below the rivers appeared to be thin lines drawn on a sheet of paper. Suddenly it was announced that we were very close to Dhaka Air Port and we would be landing in a few minutes. We were again asked to fasten our seat belts. The plane began to lose height and soon landed softly. Thus my journey by plane came to an end and I was again on mother earth. K KEEPING A DIARY A diary is a book used for a daily record of events, thoughts, appointments etc. It is really difficult to remember everything of life as there is a limit to our memory. So, in a diary one may record all that happen in a day. A diary supplies information when one means to write a biography, or an autobiography. Again, one may record some thoughts or ideas in a diary which, later on, one may use in his literary works. It is, in this sense, a store-room in miniature, of one’s personal affairs. In it the minute details of a life can be seen preserved. So keeping a diary is a good practice. A diary is of great use to all classes of people. It helps a student to make a periodical survey of the work he has done. The diary is a valuable reference book of life. It enables us to look back. Whenever our memory gets dim or uncertain, we can resolve our doubts by turning to its pages. We can review that past with the sober eye of experience and draw lessons for the future. A diary is an interesting family record too. A diary makes interesting and instructive reading for us and others as well. So, keeping and writing a diary is a very good job. L Load Shedding: A paucity of power generation Load shedding has become a very common affair in our daily life these days. Th e people living in the areas supplied with electricity are quite familiar with the term load shedding. In the modern world electricity plays a very important role in regulating our life. Any interruption in the supply of this vital item of energy can put the whole system out of order and simultaneously can paralyse our daily activities. In our country there is hardly any area which is not affected by load shedding. Load shedding means the discontinuation of supply of electricity. Load shedding occurs when generation of power is less than the demand and when we distribute electricity wrongly. It creates many problems of far-reaching consequences in the economic and social development of the country. Most of the mills and factories become idle and for this reason industrial production declines and workers are retrenched. Social works and activities cannot go in order. Students cannot study properly because of the failure of electricity. During load shedding they are to study in dim candlelight. The housewife gropes in the darkness in the kitchen. The shops are to close down before the closing time. Spectators in the cinema hall spend hours in stuffy suffocation for load shedding. All types of productions stop and the entire life comes to a standstill during the period of load shedding. So, proper steps should be taken to stop load shedding. By establishing more power plants, power houses and by stopping unplanned distribution of electricity, illegal connection and reducing system loss, we can solve this problem. LOAD SHEDDING Load shedding is a word that has been added to our terminology in recent years. Load shedding means a temporary power cut. Nowadays it has assumed a serious proportion. It is now prolonged, frequent, widespread and without any method or system. This nuisance of load shedding hits hard all ----- students, factory workers, office-goers, professional people and even housewives and little babies. The supply of electricity cannot keep pace with its increasing demand. So, power, that is, electricity has to be temporarily cut. As a result, large areas remain dark for hours without electricity. During such load-shedding, many areas of a big city are engulfed at night in darkness. People sweat without fans, patients cannot be X-rayed or operated in hospitals. Radio and television become dead. Trade and industry become almost paralysed and production is badly hampered. The worker loses his wages just as the management suffers losses. The causes of load-shedding are known to us. With the grown of towns, cities and industries, more electricity will be consumed. So, new power stations must be set up and the old machinery should be replaced in time. More care should also be taken for the proper maintenance of the existing installations. Load Shedding Temporary absence of supply of electricity to a particular area is called 'Load Shedding'. Nowadays it has become a daily occurrence in cities and suburbs. There is hardly any area which is not affected by it. Cinema halls, houses, shops, factories, hospitals, markets, night schools, colleges and other parts, of a locality are badly affected by it. The industrial areas are affected for the time being. Production is hampered due to failure of electricity. Even operation stops in hospitals due to load shedding. The students can not prepare themselves for their examinations due to failure of electricity. Thieves and pick-pockets freely prowl in the streets and locality. That is, it greatly affects the domestic, social and economic life of Bangladesh. It should not be allowed to continue in such a way. This unbearable situation is bound to continue unless proper actions are taken to prevent it. So, the Government should think over the matter deeply and take necessary steps to check the real cause of load-shedding as early as possible. LOAD SHEDDING In modern day-to-day life, load shedding has become an indispensable part. The people living in the areas supplied with electricity are quite familiar with the term load shedding. Load shedding means the discontinuation of supply of electricity. Load shedding occurs when generation of power is less than the demand and also for unplanned distribution of electricity. And it creates problems of far reaching consequences in the socio-economic development of a country. Houses, mills, factories, industries, shops, hospitals all fall a victim to it. The running mills, factories and industries come to a stand still. Domestic life becomes painful. The housewives grope in the darkness in the kitchen. The sufferings of the students due to load shedding beggar description. They suffer in their study, straining their eyes in dim candle light. The patients also suffer terribly for load shedding. Even operation stops in hospital for load shedding. The food kept in the refrigerators gets rotten. The commodities preserved in cold storage get spoiled. In fact, load shedding causes great sufferings to the people and an irrepairable loss to the country. The entire life --- domestic and industrial comes to a dead halt. For the proper development of country this sector should be given priority above all sectors. So the government should think over the matter deeply and take necessary steps to check it as early as possible. LOAD SHEDDING In modern day-to-day life, load shedding has become an indispensable part. The people living in the areas supplied with electricity are quite familiar with the term load shedding. Load shedding means the discontinuation of supply of electricity. Load shedding occurs when generation of power is less than the demand and also for unplanned distribution of electricity. And it creates problems of far reaching consequences in the socio-economic development of a country. Houses, mills, factories, industries, shops, hospitals all fall a victim to it. The running mills, factories and industries come to a stand still. Domestic life becomes painful. The housewives grope in the darkness in the kitchen. The sufferings of the students due to load shedding beggar description. They suffer in their study, straining their eyes in dim candle light. The patients also suffer terribly for load shedding. Even operation stops in hospital for load shedding. The food kept in the refrigerators gets rotten. The commodities preserved in cold storage get spoiled. In fact, load shedding causes great sufferings to the people and an irrepairable loss to the country. The entire life --- domestic and industrial ---- comes to a dead halt. For the proper development of country this sector should be given priority above all sectors. So the government should think over the matter deeply and take necessary steps to check it as early as possible. Power-cut (Load-shedding) Bangladesh is a small and developing country. which faces a lot of major problems. Of them, power-cut is very acute and frightful in our land. Load-shedding means the sudden disconnection (failure) of the supply of electricity for a short period in a particular area. It usually occurs in cities, towns, industrial and remote areas. But it is very acute (,8u) in. industrial and remote areas. Today it has become one of the most alarming problems in Bangladesh because it occurs many times in an area in a day. The causes of load-shedding are many in our country. Less production of electricity than the demand is the root cause of power-cut. Illegal connection of electricity is another root cause of it. Illiteracy is mainly liable for this severe problem. Population explosion and social unawareness (AINIF" are also severely responsible for load-shedding in Bangladesh. Our old grade electric plants cause this problem drastically. Load-shedding hampers production in mills and factories tremendously It also hinders our agriculture drastically. Power-cut disturbs houses, shops, offices, banks, hospitals and clinics etc. Load-shedding curves -4-.qck) our social and national development activities and efforts. The students close their books and sit in idle during power-cut. So it is a great curse to them. The old power plants should be replaced. Illegal connection must be stopped, illiteracy must be removed from the society and public awareness should be raised in order to lessen power‑cut. Population explosion must be controlled with iron hand. Our development plans and programmes will not be successful unless we can check load-shedding properly. The value of honesty and sincerity should be taught. A LIBRARY A library is a collection of books on various subjects. The word ‘library’ is derived from the Latin word ‘libre’ which means a book. But in actual use a library means a house where books are kept for use by the readers. Libraries are of two kinds, private or personal and public. A personal library is an individual affair, and is maintained by a person’s own money for his own use. The collection of books is made according to his tastes and requirements. Public libraries are often attached to educational institutions. Every school or college has a library maintained by its authorities. Both the students and the teachers use books from this library. A librarian and some assistants are appointed to help the teachers and the students in choice of books. Some large public libraries are independent institutions. They are maintained and financed by public donation and subscription. There are national libraries like the Public Library of Dhaka and British Council. They are very large and they contain books on various subjects. Libraries are a necessity for all people who boasts of some culture. A library helps the spread of knowledge and culture among the people. It leads to the intellectual progress of a nation. A LIBRARY A library is a collection of books on various subjects. The word ‘library’ is derived from the Latin word ‘libre’ which means a book. But in actual use a library means a house where books are kept for use by the readers. Libraries are of two kinds, private or personal and public. A personal library is an individual affair, and is maintained by a person’s own money for his own use. The collection of books is made according to his tastes and requirements. Public libraries are often attached to educational institutions. Every school or college has a library maintained by its authorities. Both the students and the teachers use books from this library. A librarian and some assistants are appointed to help the teachers and the students in choice of books. Some large public libraries are independent institutions. They are maintained and financed by public donation and subscription. There are national libraries like the Public Library of Dhaka and British Council. They are very large and they contain books on various subjects. A library is a necessity for all people who boast of some culture. A library helps the spread of knowledge and culture among the people. It leads to the intellectual progress of a nation LIFE IN A BIG CITY City life is a pleasant to the rich people. They can enjoy all sorts of comforts in town. In a big city the rich people have colleges and schools for higher education. Doctors, nurse and hospitals are available in town. There is a good facility for trades, commerce and industry in town. Most of the people have source of earning. There are clubs all libraries which one can join as member, and cinemas that one can enjoy for joy and pleasure. There is also good communication in a big city. But city life is not free from defects. Life in a big city is complex and difficult. It makes people more or less complex. People in town are always busy with their own affairs and no time to look after another. Big city is rather nasty with it dust, filth and boat smell. Vehicles play constantly in town. Accidents occur here every now and then. Cheats, pick-pockets, hijackers are abundant in town. Even all necessary things are available in town. We need for culture, education and amusement. So, we should try to eliminate the disadvantages of city life and this is nothing impossible to do. THE LIBERATION WAR The Liberation War of Bangladesh took place in 1971. The war lasted for nine months. The war was a protest of the freedom-loving people of this country against the attack of the Pakistani soldiers. When the war broke out, Samira was only three years old. She cannot remember much about it. Her cousin, Laila couldn’t remember anything because she was only two years old then. But Mrs. Dewan, Samira’s mother can remember much. She tells the children one particular event. There were lots of shouts and bangs outside one night. Samira wanted to look out, but they didn’t let her as it was very dangerous. In fact, all the members of the family hid under the bed out of fear. The next day, they left their village and went to Laila’s village. They stayed with her family for two or three months. The Liberation War was a fierce one. But it was a glorious time also. Everyone wanted to do something for the country. In the war about thirty lacs of people laid down their lives. Their sacrifice didn’t go in vain. After nine month’s fierce fighting our freedom fighters became victorious. We got independence on the 16th December, 1971. LIFE IN A CITY Life in a city has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of living in a big city are many. The city dwellers enjoy certain facilities and comforts which the villages lack. They have got well-lighted streets and roads. They have transports and houses with all modem facilities. There are also fine shops here and there. They have got modem hospitals for their treatment. They can have also all kinds of social amusements. Further, they can get the best education at schools, colleges and universities. They can go to public libraries, museums, art galleries and so on to stimulate their minds. But city life has some drawbacks too. Life in a city lacks of a strong bond of fellow feeling. The rapid life, the foul and smoky atmosphere often tell upon the health and shorten a man's life. Lastly, city life is more or less artificial. Most of the time real pleasure of life is absent here. M A Moonlit Night: An eternal resource of beauty A moonlit night really comes to us as a dream of enchanting beauty and eternal source of joy that stimulate our mind spontaneously. It offers a very charming view. If anybody enthusiastically wants to enjoy a moonlit night, he will see that it is just a thing of beauty and joy that he has never enjoyed. In the daylight some scenes are beautiful and others may not be so, but the same scene in the soft light of the moon looks beautiful as a poet’s dream of fairyland. As forests, houses, rivers and buildings all such manmade or natural objects are beautiful by day, all these things are more beautiful at night. They look something extraordinary and something more in a moonlight night than our rigid reality. The scenic beauty of a river or an ocean in a moonlit night can better be enjoyed than described. It has a magical power of transporting us to a land of beauty and imagination and to arouse in us a centre feeling to sing in tune with the poet. With the fragrance of different flowers, the moonlight can overwhelm the poets’ mind even the mind of the general. When the moon winks in the sky and gradually spreads her soft and alluring light, we cannot but lose ourselves in the tide of mind’s stimulation. Poets write their poems with the enthusiasm of atmospheric setting and lovers and couples gossip forgetting their time-pass. Patients and fragile people can get new life in the new atmosphere of the moonlit night. So, a moonlit night is indeed a great achievement for us all deliberating her influence on human mind. Role of media In general, “media” refers to various means of communication channels through which news , entertainment, education , data , or promotional messages are disseminated. Media includes every broadcasting and narrowcasting medium such as newspapers , magazines , TV, radio, billboards , direct mail , telephone , fax, and internet . In the world of today, media has become as necessary as food and clothing. It has played significant as well as influential role in strengthening the society and making the world a global village. Media is considered as “mirror” of the modern society. The purpose of the media is to inform people about current, new affairs and to tell about the latest gossip and fashion. It also helps to form opinions and make judgements regarding various issues. It has become one way of trading and marketing of products and prejudices. It keeps people updated and informed about what is happening around them and the world. Media can be considered as “watch dog” of political democracy. It serves to reduce the communication gap between the audience, viewers and the media world. For the sake of publicity and selling, important figures, their lifestyles are usually targeted. But unfortunately, media these days has become a commercialized sector. Media has had a bad effect on a generation, mainly because, teenagers and children are strongly influenced by media. The media affects people’s perspective. I believe, if the media identifies its responsibility and work sincerely and honestly, and then it can serve as a great force in building the nation. Microcredit finance Microcredit, also called micro banking or microfinance, a means of extending credit, usually in the form of small loans with no collateral, to nontraditional borrowers such as the poor in rural areas. This approach was institutionalized in 1976 by Muhammad Yunus , an American-educated Bangladeshi economist who had observed that a significant percentage of the world’s population has been barred from acquiring the capital necessary to rise out of poverty. There are about 800 micro finance institutions in Bangladesh with a total membership of 7 million. The cumulative disbursement by these institutions since there is estimated at Tk. 44 billion. It is estimated that they have made employment of 54000 people. It has many positive effects on socio economic variables. Apart from providing loan to the rural woman it creates employment opportunities, eradicates poverty, and raises consciousness. It also emphasizes children’s schooling, nutrition and family planning. Borrowing by women particularly improved the nutritional status both male and female children. Consumption by 5 percent of the programme participants increased to the point that their households rose above the poverty line. These findings about the importance of micro credit in poverty reduction have been substantiated by other studies both in Bangladesh and in other countries. My Dream A dream is a succession of images , ideas , emotions , and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep . The people of our country are still not free rather sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. They live on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. Even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream deeply rooted in the Bengali dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed. We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal. One day the sons of former slaves and slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. The heat of injustice and oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. Our children will live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. Every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. We will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. Then we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. And if Bangladesh is to be a great nation, this must become true. So let freedom ring from the North to South and from East to West, from every hill, mountainside and molehill of Bangladesh. And when this happens, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s creation, poor men and rich men, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the human spiritual. A Moon-lit Night A night of full moon in a bright sky is called a moon-lit night. At night, the moon appears on the eastern horizon. The whole world seems to smile. That is, it produces an unspeakable magic spell on all objects, rivers, trees, buildings, large corn-fields and mountains. When the silvery light of the moon falls on the steady water of a river, it looks like rippling silver lace. Trees, hedges etc. seem to wear a bright green garment. It is really impossible to draw an open picture of the beauty of a moonlit night. Men move about from here to there. Even the birds come out of their nests and fly from hither to thither. In the village, children play different amusing games in the open fields. The moon allures the mind. The magic spell of the moon affects all young and old. The moonlit night is dear to the lovers of beauty. In fact, the charming scene of a moon-lit night beggars description. A MOONLIT NIGHT A moonlit night is really charming and enjoyable. It presents a beautiful sight. It dazzles our eyes and soothes our heart. In a moonlit night the moon looks like a disc of silver. The moon bathes the whole world with her silvery light. The watery places mean canals; rivers and tanks seem to smile on a moonlit night. The grand spectacles that the canals, rivers and tanks present cannot be described in words. The whole nature looks bright and appears in celestial light. People of all age enjoy a moonlit night. Young boys play and little boys and girls make merriments and amuse themselves. A moonlit night is really enjoyable to a newly married couple. Men and women of middle ages cannot come out of doors. They pass some hours in gossiping and story telling and enjoy the night. Poets of all languages sing highly of a moonlit night. Even lower animals come out at night and little insects also fly here and there. A moonlit night is pleasant and fine indeed. A MOONLIT NIGHT A night enlightened by moonbeam is called a moonlight night. This is a thing of beauty and joy. So it is pleasing to all. During this time the moon gives soft silvery rays on every object of nature like rivers, trees, buildings, mountains, fields and what not. This beauty is surely unspeakable. Shelly himself has described it as a “white fire”. The beauty of it reaches its peak when it is in full moon. During this time every creature gets cheerful. It is worth enjoying in the villages. Here children feel like playing in the open fields or courtyard. Most of the birds come out of the nests. Housewives sing folk songs in chorus. Tired mother and grandmother lie on the mat in the green yard in a moonlit night. Poets of all countries get the subject matter to write poetry during this time. Even the beasts come out of their folds and run to and fro. Since all the creatures enjoy themselves on a moonlit might, it loses its dullness and becomes as glorious as a day A Moon-lit Night A moon-lit night is a wonderful blessing among the gifts of nature. A moon-lit night is a night when the full moon appears in the sky at night. The night is really enjoyable and impressive to all sections of people, high and low. It assumes a matchless sight in a moon-lit night. The moon looks like a bright dish of silver in a moon-lit night. The moon shines brightly on every object of tile nature. Every object of the nature such as rivers, canals, seas, oceans, ponds, fields, trees, houses, buildings, hills, mountains etc. seem to smile on a moon-lit night. People of all ages and classes enjoy the moon-lit night very much. Young boys and girls play out-door games and children run about in the open field. A newly married couple (lip) also comes out of the doors with a view to enjoying the matchless beauty of the moon-lit night. Even grown up people do no to to bed without enjoying the charming sight of the night. Both men and women J all ages pass hours and hours in gossiping, telling stories and playing out door games on the joyful night. Poets enjoy the night very much. Birds and animals come out of their sheds and nests to enjoy the beauty of the night. Little insects fly here and there on the night. The moon-lit night removes the monotony of the day's hard works. It reminds us the wonderful creative power of the Creator. A life can not be happy and decent without enjoying a moon-lit night. MY FAVOURITE SPORT Having played many games in the course of the last eight / nine years, I think that football is the best of all. The other sports do not arouse in me half the interest that football does. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. I find pleasure and recreation in football. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. My Favourite Sportsman My favourite sportsman is Ronaldoo. Every conscious person is fond of sports and games. So even• sports loving person has a favourite sportsman. I am a student. I love playing and watching sports and games. I arri very much fond of football. Ronaldoo is about 32. He was born in Brazil. azil. He is a strong bodied young man. He has smiling face. He is very co-operative, disciplined punctual and sympathetic. He is very polite and gentle in nature. He is a world-wide popular football player. Really he plays football very artfully and wonderfully. He is very respectful to the rules of the play-ground and the referee. He never makes any foul with other players and disobeys the referee. So, he has gained an uncommon name' and fame all over the world for his fair play. He earns a lot but he spends the money to improve the lot of the helpless and the street children. Brazil won the world cup in 2006 by dint of his unparallel performance. The football lovers ate highly impressed (W) watching his wonderful perfonance. He has been football for about 15 years. Really, we are proud of the world famous football player. The Teacher I like Best An ideal teacher is one of the most important and invaluable assets of a society or a country. He can build-up, change and reform a society or a nation according to his own dream and philosophy (N,% a T4"- I have got many good teachers. Mr. Abdur Rasheed is my favourite teacher of all. He comes of an educated Muslim family at Durgapur, Ashugonj, B. Baria. He is an English teacher. He is about 54. He is a B. Com. B-Ed. He has some special qualities . He is well-educated, well-experienced well-trained up, well-behaved and well‑dressed. He is very dutiful, responsible, punctual, persevering kind, Sociable,amiable polite, gentle, friendly, co-operative, helpful and sympathetic He is always truthful and cheerful . He is never rude to none. He is always cheerful. His teaching method is very nice. He has/possesses a good command over English. His voice is very sweet and clear. He always makes any lesson very interesting. easy and simple to his students. We never feels bored in his class . He always maintains discipline strictly and he teaches us the value of discipline and the importance of a good moral character which is the best ornament of our life . He advises us to be an ideal citizen (wTPF-4 He never thinks of his own comfort and happiness. Such an ideal teacher is seldom found in society. He is my best teacher, guide and friend. MAY DAY May Day is a red-letter day. May 1st, the International Workers Day, commemorates the historic struggle of working people throughout the world. This day is recognised in most countries. All the privileges today workers enjoy including a minimum wage, safety laws and eight-hour workday, came about due to the sacrifice of the workers in 1886. From the beginning of the Industrial Revolution people in factories have worked very long shifts, lasting up to fourteen or even more hours a day. In the 1880s a new movement calling for an eight hour day inspired both Labour Unions and unorganised workers. On May 3, 1886, police fired into a crowd of strikers at the McComick Harvest Machine Company, Chicago, killing at least one striker, seriously wounding five or six hers and injuring an undetermined number. The events of May Day 1886 is a reminder that workers will continue to be exploited until they stand up and speak out to gain better working conditions, better pay and better lives. May Day is the day when the workers asked only for bread and a shortening of the long hours of toil. The agitators gave them visions; the police gave them clubs. But it could not resist the revolt of the demonstrators. And finally the long cherished dream of the workers all over the world came true. MAY DAY The fact that workers had it tough in the early years of the American Industrial revolution is widely taught in schools. Sixteen-hour workdays in dangerous conditions, child labour, exploitation and accidents were common. Then magically everything became better in a civilised, twentieth century. May Day is the force to bring about this change all over the world. May Day is a red-letter day. May 1st, the International Workers Day, commemorates the historic struggle of working people throughout the world. This day is recognised in most countries. All the privileges today workers enjoy including a minimum wage, safety laws and eight-hour workday, came about due to the sacrifice of the workers in 1886. From the beginning of the Industrial Revolution people in factories have worked very long shifts, lasting up to fourteen or even more hours a day. In the 1880s a new movement calling for an eight hour day inspired both Labour Unions and unorganised workers. It is 1880s workers demanding humane treatment; it is men and women around the world marching in solidarity against the factory owners who would have them work all day, every day but Sunday. On May 3, 1886, police fired into a crowd of strikers at the McComick Harvest Machine Company, Chicago, killing at least one striker, seriously wounding five or six others and injuring an undetermined number. The events of May Day 1886 is a reminder that workers will continue to be exploited until they stand up and speak out to gain better working conditions, better pay and better lives. May Day is the day when the workers asked only for bread and a shortening of the long hours of toil. The agitators gave them visions; the police gave them clubs. But it could not resist the revolt of the demonstrators. And finally the long cherished dream of the workers all over the world gradually came true. May Day May Day is one of the most important and significant days of the year. Every year May 1 is observed as the International Workers' Day throughout/ across the world. May Day is observed as a public holiday all over the world. It is a glorious day to the working section of people across the world. May Day is observed demanding the due rights of the working classes of people. May Day reminds us the great dedication of -some heroic workers who dedicated their lives for the greater interest of the working classes of people in Chicago in the year of 1886. The background bf May Day is very painful Before May 1, 1886 the working people had to work for long hours but could not get their due wages and facilities. At first, workers in the city of Chicago demanded for 8 hours working period and other facilities. The then capitalist government wanted to stop their movement . On May 1, 1886 police fired upon the procession of the workers . One. worker was killed and some were wounded. After raising the flame of protest on May 1 in 1886, today all classes of working people enjoy 8 hour working period, job security Pi-qt") and other facilities. On this day workers hold meetings and take out processions demanding their rights. On May Day workers get inspiration from the great sacrifice of the Martyrs of 1886 to be united and fight for their demand in order to lead a decent and successful life. *MORNING WALK Walking in the morning is very good for health. One can enjoy the fresh air of the morning and remain fresh the whole day by making a habit of walking in the cool hours of the morning. By leaving the bed early one can come in contact with the outside world in its impressive mood including the flowers, trees, ponds, lakes, birds and insects. People from all walks of life can enjoy the benefits of morning walk. Morning walk is very good for those people who remain awfully busy in their offices. This is also very good for diabetic patients. In our society there are many people who cannot get up early and prepare them for morning walk. It is very natural those people who go to bed late at night cannot get up from bed early in the morning. They are very unfortunate in the sense that they fail to avail the benefits of morning walk in their lives. By taking morning walk we can remain fresh and energetic both physically and mentally and accomplish our various duties efficiently. It relieves our tensions and keeps us cool in the face of busy working days. A Morning Walk There are a good number of good habits of a man's life. A morning walk is one of them. It is also a good form of exercise. A life can't be happy. decent. comfortable, long and successful without a morning walk. Both the young and the old man can walk at morning. A morning walk is suitable before sun-rise. The duration of a morning walk varies from person to person. The young person walks at morning for a long period but the old person or the weak person walks for a short period. The morning air is fresh and cool. It is free from pollution. Only the person walking at morning can inhale pure air. The fresh morning air refreshes both his body and mind. At morning the nature looks matchless beautiful. So a man who walks at morning can enjoy the real beauty of the nature and hear the sweet chirping of the birds. It is that walking at morning is very useful to health. It makes a man cheerful, strong and healthy. It removes the monotony of the routine works/life. It keeps a man disease free. A man walking at morning regularly leads a happy and long He is successful in every work. So in order to make life successful and fruitful one should cultivate this good habit from early life. Mobile Phone Or, The Uses of Mobile,Phone (cNlifkai Or, The Importance of Mobile Phone Mobile Phone is one of the most wonderful and useful inventions/ blessings of modern science. Modern science has made possible what was impossible yesterday. Mobile phone is a great success of science. It has opened a new door in the field of communication. It is the most up-to-date means of communication and correspondence. It has saved time and shortened distance. We can send to and receive any information from any corner of the world in a second by sitting at home. The use of mobile phone is easier, cheaper than telephone, telex, telegram, wireless, fax and E-mail. The number of users of mobile phone is increasing day by day in our developing country too. All sections of people are benefited by using mobile phone. Mobile phone is very essential to businessmen, traders, doctors. teachers, high officials, lawyers, service holders, shopkeepers and fisherman. This wonderful invention has mobilized the world business and the process of globaDzation wonderfully. It also plays an important role in promoting co-operation and brotherhood among the different nations of the world. There are m networking systems in mobile phone like NWD and ISD. NWD system is used across the country and ISD is used world-wide. Mobile is not free from its defects. It may damage our hearing and brain. It is harmful to pregnant women owing to its strong radiation. It is ;#great source of wastage of money of a family. The criminal activities have been increased wonderfully owing to mobile phone. However, mobile phone does a great good service to us. MOBILE PHONE A mobile phone is a cellular phone that does not have wires. It works 11%, radio system. it can he carried and used anywhere. Nowadays, there is no need to have a cable connection to converse with others. It is mobile phone through which we can contact with our friends and relatives. There is variety of it. Some of them cover wide range and some of them are short ranged. It is now available throughout our country. The remarkable mobile companies are Grameen Phone, Aktel, Bangla Link and Citycell. Many people are using them for their necessity and many are doing just for fashion. Having no income, just for status only, many people use mobile phones. People of all classes and sectors use it. Its price is not so. high. Now an ordinary mobile phone costs five to six thousand taker only. For instant communication, mobile phone is matchlessly beneficial to us. The children are affected much. Using cellular phone is also harmful to the pregnant women. It is also helping to increase terrorist activities. Many young students are using it. It is a great loss of money of their guardians and a great blow to their future. So we should use mobile phone according to necessity. THE TEACHER I LIKE MOST A good teacher is a blessing upon the students who have the fortune to get acquainted with. I have an experience of having close touch with such a teacher. He is our English teacher, Mr.-----. He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that he is a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. So, I like him most. My Last Birthday Party 22nd May is the date of my birth. I celebrate my birthday every year. On the last 22nd May, my birth day party was arranged at our residence in 1/5/2, Mirpur, Dhaka. Then I was 15 years old. Some of my friends and relatives were invited to the party. My father bought me nice dress while my mother made a huge birthday cake. The young boys and girls including my younger brothers and sisters enjoyed themselves. They ate, laughed, sang and chatted. They had their photographs taken. At about 4:00 p.m. different dishes of delicious food were placed on the dining table. The drawing room was neatly decorated with colorful papers and balloons. I put on the new dress. All my friends attend the party. They stood around the table. I smiled merrily and cut the birthday cake amidst joy and happiness. My friends and younger brothers and sisters began to sing, Happy birthday to you”. Then they ate the foods prepared. Cameras brought by my guests and friends went on clicking. My friends and relatives greeted me by presenting gifts and bouquets. The function was rounded off by my speech. I thanked all my friends and relatives for attending the party. I still feel a kind of thrill at the very thought of my last birthday. MY BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. Generally one celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food has been served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme has been arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests have left wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party has come to an end with joy and merriment. MY CHILDHOOD / CHILDHOOD MEMORIES My Childhood Childhood is the most significant part of our life. The sweet memories of childhood are always dear to us. In time of depression, childhood memories soothe our mind. Some childhood memories of mine are still intact in my mind. During my childhood I was very naughty and truant. I used to play different games to pass my leisure. I used to bathe for many times in the rainy season and fell ill. At my childhood I enjoyed the company of my grandmother and elder sister. Still their memories frequently haunt me. I can still remember the marriage ceremony of my sister. That was both sweet and bitter experience for me. I felt lonely after the marriage. I couldn’t understand why she wouldn’t stay with us. The sweetest event of my childhood was my first day at school. I was very excited when I first went to the school. I showed a lot of enthusiasm there. My grandmother’s death was the most painful experience of my childhood. When I was only seven, she left us for ever. I lost my constant companion. Despite of these unpleasant experiences, my childhood was full of comfort and relief. When I remember my childhood, I can remove the monotony of daily life. I want to get back my childhood and it will remain ever rosy in my mind. MY CHILDHOOD / CHILDHOOD MEMORIES Childhood is the sweetest period of human life. I often remember the days of my childhood. When I remember my childhood days, I feel happy. I can’t recall the day when I was first named. As I have heard, there was a big feast in our houses on that occasion. In my early age I spent my time in high spirits. All the members of our family loved me very dearly. They gave me whatever I asked form them. They always took care to make me happy. A single drop of tears was enough to move them. My grandmother / grandfather was very much fond of me. S/he told me many amusing stories. I annoyed her/him in many ways but s/he was never angry with me. When I was five years old, I was sent to the primary school. I recollect the day, from my memory, when I first went to A.B.C High School with my father. My teachers spoke kind and affectionate words to me. My classmates welcomed me with love and interest. I completed my primary education in the tenth year of my life. I began to grow both in body and mind and began to take more and more interest in my studies. My joys knew no bounds when I stood first in my class. I took part in various games and sports. The happy recollection of my childhood yet fills my heart with great joy. I wish I could go back to those happy days again. My Childhood Childhood is generally a sweet period of our life. It is only in childhood that a man gets a free life to enjoy. I am now a young man of eighteen. I was born in a small village in Bangladesh. The whole village was my playground. I wandered throughout the tiny village and played about with my friends. The summer days were the sweetest and happiest days for us. We plucked mangoes and black berries from tree to tree and ate them to our hearts content. We often forgot to take our mid-day meals. In my childhood my favourite person was my grandmother. She loved me very much. She fed me very carefully with her own hands. Though my father often flew into rage, my grand mother prevented him from rebuking me. I used to sleep with her. Before I fell asleep, she used to tell me fairy tales of which she had a rich store. My grandmother died when I was five. The sad event of her funeral will ever remain in my memory. My mother wept bitterly and grandfather was shocked. My heart always yearns for her. My Class Teacher The person who teaches the students in any educational institution is called a teacher. All of my teachers are favourite to me. I have a deep respect for all of them. The teacher who impresses and influences me much is my class teacher. His academic qualifications are very bright. He is an English teacher. He teaches us English in an interesting and charming way. He makes the difficult problems of English very easy. Even the most uninteresting lessons become enjoyable and effective by his practical teaching. Everybody enjoys his lessons with deep attention. He does not feel fatigue to perform his duties. He is a man of strict principle. He performs his administrative activities with justice. So, he is respected by all. He is an absolute disciplinarian. He helps us to be disciplined.(He seems to be a born teacher. He teaches us manners and custom. His affection, ever smiling face, his advic6, his behaviour and his modest manners will remain ever fresh in my heart. He has all the qualities of an excellent teacher and as an excellent man. I have not seen a better man than he) He is a man of extra-ordinary merits. I am grateful to him. I love and respect him from the core of my heart. MY COLLEGE LIBRARY The place where books, magazines, newspapers and various other reading materials are kept for the readers is called a library. Students and teachers can read books sitting there or they can borrow them to take away after getting them issued on library cards. Our college has a big library with various types of books and other facilities. It is a good library with the modem facilities like computer, photocopy and air-conditioned reading rooms. It is a separate building in our college campus but connected with other buildings. It is near our classrooms and we can easily go there during leisure period. Our library is very rich with about fifty thousand books on different subjects. Apart from textbooks there is a huge collection of story books, magazines and newspapers. I regularly go to the library. Sometimes, I read books sitting there. Sometimes, I borrow books on my library cards. Sometimes, I get photocopies of relevant pages from the library on payment. I even use computer to browse some important information through the internet. I can also send and receive e-mails from our library. It is-an unique place for me. It helps me in my study in various ways. I like it very much and I have a deep feeling for it. MY DAILY ACTIVITIES I have a routine of my daily activities. I do my daily duties according to this routine. I get up from bed early in the morning. I attend to the call of nature, wash my hands and face and brush my teeth. I say my morning prayer to God. Then I go out for a walk in the open air. I have my breakfast at 6 a. m. with my brothers and sisters. Then I go to my reading room and make lessons till 10 a.m. I go to bathe then. I take my meals and start for school. Our school sits at 11-30 a. m. and breaks up at 4-30 p. m. I always listen attentively to what my teachers say and teach in the class. I go home straight after school. I take rest in a few minutes. Then I go to my garden. I return home before sunset. I wash my hands, feel and mouth. Then I go to my reading room and make lessons till 10 p.m. I have my supper with my parents, brothers and sisters. Then I go to bed and have a sound sleep. MY DAILY ACTIVITIES I have a routine of my daily life. I do my daily activities according to this routine. I get up from bed early in the morning. I attend to the call of nature, wash my hands and face and brush my teeth. I say my morning prayer to God. Then I go out for a walk in the open air. I have my breakfast at 6 a.m. with my brothers and sisters. Then I go to my reading room and make lessons till 10 a.m. I go to bathe then. I take my meals and start for school. Our school sits at 11-30 a. m. and breaks up at 4-30 p.m. I always listen attentively to what my teachers say and teach in the class. I go home straight after school. I take rest in a few minutes. Then I go to my garden. I return home before sunset. I wash my hands, feel and mouth. Then I go to my reading room and make lessons till 10 p.m. I have my supper with my parents, brothers and sisters. Then I go to bed and have a sound sleep. Thus I perform my daily activities smoothly. MY DAILY LIFE My day starts just before the cock crows. I leave my bed early in the morning and take preparation for my morning prayer. After saying my prayer, I walk in the field adjacent to our house for half an hour. As I return from my walk, I feel like a second spell of sleep. But I have to get up soon because mother never allows me to remain in bed after sunrise. I start my studies at 6-30 and prepare my lessons till 9-30. I go to bathe then. I finish my bath and breakfast quickly. I start for school. Our school sits at 10-30 a. m. and breaks up at 3-30 p.m. I always listen attentively to what my teachers say and teach in the class. I go home straight after school. Then I spend the afternoon with friends in the playground or in the house of one of our friends, then home again as darkness starts falling. I wash my hands, feel and mouth. Mother brings me some light refreshment. Then I sit at my desk and do my study for at least three hours. When it is time for eating, all the members of our family meet in the dining room. We eat together and exchange our day’s experience with one another. Then we pass some of our time in watching television. This is the time when we have some fun and feel absolutely relaxed. I generally go to bed before it is 11 o’clock. This is, in short, the description of a usual day in my life. But I don’t follow this routine all the days of the week. There are departures from it on holidays. On holidays, I am very busy with my personal sundry tasks. But I perform my daily activities smoothly and enjoy equally everyday of the week. MY EXPERIENCE OF A RAINY DAY I experienced a rainy day which cut mark in my mind. At first there were some patches of clouds in the sky. Gradually, the sky became heavily overcast. Early in the morning, the wind began to blow, first slowly and then with greater intensity. Soon afterwards, it began to drip-drop. Within a few minutes, this developed into a downpour. I decided not to go to school. The rain was in shower for hours together. At 10 o’clock in the morning, I along with my cousin went outside taking umbrella with us. As the rain continued, the streets turned into streams of water. Some roads under repair became muddy and slippery. Most of the vehicles went off the roads. Only a few buses, cars and rickshaws ran slowly, splashing water on both sides. Most of the shops could not open and people had to be satisfied with what they had in their houses. Day labourers were passing the day idly. Some boys and girls like us found the day highly enjoyable. They took the day off and did not go to school. Some of them played in the pools of water and floated paper boats on the water in the streets. We returned home after two hours. I found that father also did not go to his office. He was listening to songs. Mother was cooking ‘khichuri’. At lunch time we had the food to our heart’s content. Then we all went to bed and had a sound sleep till the evening. MY EXPERIENCE OF A STORMY NIGHT Human life is eventful. Some events are full of thrill and some are full of sadness. We derive some sort of pleasure when we recollect them in tranquility. I remember an event, which will remain fresh in my memory. It was a terrible experience of a stormy night. I with my family went to village to join a wedding party. On the wedding day, we were walking along a village path towards the bride’s house. It was a sunny bright May afternoon. Suddenly I could see no sun. Patches of dark, pitch-black clouds were gathering all over the western sky. And soon I couldn’t see anything. I could hear only the deafening roar of the wind. Dust, rain, leaves and branches of trees ----- all were sweeping past so fast that I couldn’t open my eyes. The party too, was scattered and swept along by the wind just like the leaves. I couldn’t even think about the others, about myself, about anything. When the sun hit my eyes, the next morning I found myself between two stay-hacks in a farmer’s yard. Then I returned to my home and found that everyone was waiting for my return. I can still remember the atrocity caused by that monster wind when I think about the experience. MY EXPERIENCE OF VISITING A FLOOD AFFECTED AREA When the flaw of water increases then usual, vast areas of the riverbank go under water and we call it flood. Bangladesh has hundreds of rivers so flood is a very common phenomenon in our country. It occurs almost in every rainy season. The low lying areas are the main victim of flood. Last year we witnessed a horrible month long flood. It was the month of June, The northern region of the country was under water. Manikganj was the most affected area. Reports came in newspapers and satellite channels about the poor condition of the people of that region and we wanted to help them. So, I along with some of my friend of our school collected relief materials and went to Manikganj to aid the poor flood affected people. Going there we saw the devastation of flood with our own eyes. About 80 percent area of the district was under water. Crops of about 10,000 hectors of land was washed away. Many dead animals were seen floating on the water. People were in miserable condition, man and animal living together in the flood shelters or in some educational institutes. They were suffering in want of food, shelter and medicine. Water spread diseases were spreading at an alarming rate. We tried to help them as much as we could but it was really inadequate. The government relief was not enough also and it was clear that they would have to suffer more. People of all walks of life should come forward in such calamities to remove the distress of the suffering people because one day we might also fall victim to it. MY FAMILY The institution with which we have most intimate contact and perhaps the greatest concern is the institution of family. I belong to a middle class family. I am a boy/girl. My name is ------------. I am at present a student of Class------. I am the first/ second/ third/ eldest/ youngest son/ daughter of my parents. We are two brother and sister. My father whose name is -------------, is a businessman/ government employee. My mother is a housewife. My sister/ brother is also a school-goer. S/he is a very serious student. S/he does not waste a single moment in vain. My father is a businessman/government employee. He rises early in the morning and takes a walk by the riverside. Then he offers his morning prayers and wakes us up. After a short while, he starts for his office. My father is man of principles. He is mild, gentle and sober in nature. My mother is a housewife. My mother is the finest lady in the world. She is very polite, affectionate and intelligent. She manages the family very nicely. She does all the household chores. She takes great care of all of us. She loves me very dearly. She is ready to sacrifice her own happiness for the members of the family. She holds my good above everything in the world. She is pious too. My mother is a woman of delicate taste. She reads books when she gets time. My grandparents also stay with us. They love me very dearly. I like my family very much because we are living together sharing our weal and woe. I wish I could live together with all my family members throughout my life. MY FAVOURITE BANGLADESHI FOOD Bangladesh is my native land. I have been nourished up with different types of food produced in this country. In different areas of Bangladesh, different types of food are eaten. They differ in names, not in contents. There are many items relating to rice. They are rice and fish, rice and dal, rice and khichuri. Polao and Biriani are my favourite. They are generally prepared and eaten occasionally. Many seasonal home made cakes are eaten in Bangladesh. They are called ‘pithas’. They are of different names, size and shape. Most mentionable cakes are Chital, Bhapa, Patisapta etc. I like the Patisapta very much. Actually the traditional food is very delicious. I like the cake made from date juice in the month of Paush and Magh. In winter, it is very nice to taste these cakes early in the morning. In Bangladesh many kinds of sweetmeats are found. They are made with milk and sugar. They are Khir, Rasogulla, Chamcham, Sandesh, Rasamalai, Zelapee. In spite of all these delicious food, I am still habituated in having rice and fish which is very common and favourite food in Bangladesh. MY FAVOURITE BANGLADESHI FOOD Bangladesh is my native land. I have been nourished up with different types of food produced in this country. In different areas of Bangladesh, different types of food are eaten. They differ in names, not in contents. There are many items relating to rice. They are rice and fish, rice and dal, rice and khichuri. Polao and Biriani are my favourite. They are generally prepared and eaten occasionally. Many seasonal home made cakes are eaten in Bangladesh. They are called ‘pithas’. They are of different names, size and shape. Most mentionable cakes are Chital, Bhapa, Patisapta etc. I like the Patisapta very much. Actually the traditional food is very delicious. I like the cake made from date juice in the month of Paush and Magh. In winter, it is very nice to taste early in the morning. In Bangladesh many kinds of sweetmeats are found. They are made with milk and sugar. They are Khir, Rasogulla, Chamcham, Sandesh, Rasamalai, Zelapiee. In spite of all these delicious food, I am still habituated in having rice and fish which is very common and favourite food in Bangladesh. MY FAVOURITE CRICKETER Shachin Tendulkar is my favourite cricketer. He is one of the greatest cricketers in the world. He is incomparable. His outstanding performance certainly speaks in favour of this. He is an idol to his devotees. When he plays shots, he makes the spectators spell bound. He likes to enjoy himself in making new records. Though he is not so calculative in making shots as Drabir, another skilled player is, he is very vigorous in this regard. He has the records of highest runs, centuries, test matches and so on. He has good temperament. He plays very artistically and thoughtfully. People find pleasure at the time of his playing. Cricket-lovers eagerly wait for his arrival in the field. I think him one of the best players in the world of cricket. So, not only I but also millions of true lovers of cricket like and praise him most. MY FAVOURITE FOOTBALLER Though football is giving place cricket, several of the footballers have made the game enjoyable. Among them Ronaldinho is my favourite footballen He is one of the greatest footballers in the world. He is incomparable. His dribbling is often compared with rhythmic traditional Brazilian 'Samba Dance'. He makes the spectators spell-bound. His outstanding performance and artistic pass of ball are really a wonder to the football lovers. His tricky passing of ball certainly stirs the hearts of football-lovers. He likes to make new records. He was awarded the title "The Best Footballer of the Year 2006". People, specially his fans, eagerly wait for his arrival in the field. I consider him as one of the three or four best footballers in the world. So. I can't help praising him most. MY FAVOURITE GAME Having played many games in the course of the last eight / nine years, I think that football is the best of all. The other sports do not arouse in me half the interest that football does. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. I find pleasure and recreation in football. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. MY FAVOURITE HOBBY My favourite hobby is gardening. I like it fora number of reasons. First, I am fond of nature and,gardening keeps me very close to nature. Secondly, it refreshes my mind with the beauty and fragrance of its flowers. Above all, it offers my house a fascinating look. But gardening is not an cast' task. I have to work hard for it. To make this garden, I selected a suitable piece of land. Then I have made a boundary around it. After that it was prepared for plantation of garden plants. I take care of the plants regularly. This is a traditional hobby. However, it provides me with lots of advantages. It makes our home fresh and beautiful by its fragrant flowers. It purifies my mind and sensibilities and gives me pleasure and mental satisfaction. Sometimes I sell flowers of my garden and,add to my income. However. I cannot spend much time in my garden. In the early morning I work there for more than an hour everyday. My garden is something different because it has various plants of rare collection. MY FAVOURITE HOBBY A hobby is a man’s favourite pursuit or pastime. It is a thing that a man takes up for amusement and is not his main business. It keeps the mind happy and fresh. My hobby is stamp -collecting. I collect stamps from many sources and keep them nicely in my album. I am very much interested in collecting stamps of other countries of the world. I find in the stamps the pictures of important buildings, towers, mosques, beautiful gardens, national heroes, national flowers, birds and animals. It is very exciting to look at the stamps. The stamps are of different size, shapes, colours and price. So far as I have collected forty-nine different types of stamps of the countries like Great Britain, the U.S.A. Japan, France, India, Pakistan, Uganda, Saudi, Arabia, Iraq, and Iran. These stamps give me some knowledge of the history and geography of these countries. I also buy stamps from a stationery shop in the local market. My pen friend, a Japanese boy, also sends me stamps from Tokyo. Stamp-collecting is really a pleasant hobby and I am trying to collect more and more stamps. MY FAVOURITE PERSON My mother is my favourite person in my life. The sweet word that is mixed up with our existence and feeling is ‘mother’. Every young child starts its life just uttering this very word. The same thing happens to me. My mother is dearest to me in the world. She loves me dearly. My mother is a woman of thirty/thirty five/ forty. She is gentle, amiable, patient and loving. Her heart always yearns for me. She is always anxious to see me happy. Since my birth I have always been with her. I have grown up under her affection and care. Without her loving care, my existence on earth would be impossible. She loves me more than anybody else on earth. Her joy knows no bounds if she finds me happy. If I fall ill, she becomes very anxious. When I come round, her face beams with smile. Her calm and gentle look is a source of hope and inspiration to me. If I am to write anything about her, I feel inclined to write a big volume and not a paragraph. Thank the Almighty that He has blessed me with such a mother who always remains favourite to me. MY FAVOURITE PERSONALITY Kazi Nazrul Islam ----- a poet, philosopher and patriot whom I like most. He is my favourite personality. He is our national poet. He was a poet of unique vision, a seer who could look beyond the limitations of time and place. Nazrul, the rebel poet of Bengal, was born on the 11th Jaistha, 1306 B.S in Churulia, a village of Bardwan in West Bengal. Nazrul’s nickname was “Dukhu Miah”. Nazrul felt the pangs of slavery in his heart and turned a rebel poet. In a weekly magazine named ‘Bijli’, his famous work ‘Bidrohi’ was first published in 1328 B.S. When he was 22 years old, he began editing a bi-weekly called ‘Dhumketu’. His most well-known works are ‘Agni-Bina’, ‘Bisher-Banshi’, ‘Praloyshika’, ‘Dolonchapa,’ ‘Sarbahara’, ‘Sammyabadi’, ‘Chakrabak’, Chandrabindu’, ‘Natun Chand’, ‘Shesh Shaogat’, ‘Bandhan Hara’, ‘Rikter Bedan’ etc. He also wrote some novels of which ‘Mrityukshudha’ and ‘Bayther Dan’ are widely known. He wrote many lyrical poems, religious songs, gazals, love-lyrics, stories, plays and comic-poems for the children. I like Nazrul more than any other man, because he stood against all sorts of oppression. He was a great revolutionary. He taught us to strike, strive and not to yield or surrender. He showed us the part to fight against the enemy of our freedom. Nazrul’s sympathies were always with the downtrodden and the humiliated. He wrote with the blade of a steel sword, as it were, defying all bans and banters. He had indeed a great heart. All his qualities make me love him both as a great poet and a person as well. MY FAVOURITE SPORT Having played many games in the course of the last eight / nine years, I think that football is the best of all. The other sports do not arouse in me half the interest that football does. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. I find pleasure and recreation in football. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. MY FAVOURITE TEACHER My favourite teacher is Mr. -------------------. He is about 35 years old. He is a tall man with a slim figure. He teaches us English. He is a brilliant teacher and has an impressive command of English. His pronunciation is good and he speaks English with a foreign accent. He has got a lot of qualities. He is very gentle, polite and well-behaved. He is never rude to his students. He is very considerate and co-operative too. He helps the students when they have any problem. His technique of teaching is also impressive. In his class he creates an English environment which helps us hear English and think and interact in English. He makes his lesson interesting and keeps his students active in the class. He also makes them confident and proves clever. I am impressed by his towering personality, efficiency, devotion to duty and his affection for his students and so I like him most. MY FAVOURITE TELEVISION PROGRAMME Television is the best means of entertainment in today’s world. It telecasts many kinds of enjoyable programmes to delight the audience. As the best media of recreation, television appeals to us very much. There are many interesting TV serials in BTV. When I am asked what my favourite TV programme is, I consider the programme that relays splendid dances, lectures, songs etc. An airy-voice and fairy-like picture come to me like far-off dreams. Of many programmes, my favourite programme is the ‘Adventure of Sindbad’. It is a very interesting TV serial. Throughout the week I wait for the day when the serial will telecast. Leaving all works, I sit in front of TV when the serial starts. I like the serial very much. Because there is a mingling of adventure, fairy tale, science, wit, humour etc. When I watch this serial, I forget everything of the world. It gives me entertainment as well as instruction. It also refreshes my mind. I hope that the BTV will telecast more programmes like ‘Sindbad’ MY FIRST FLIGHT I had a chance to make a journey by air from Chittagong to Dhaka. It was my first flight. At the invitation of my elder brother, I got the opportunity. I arrived at the airport about an hour before the flight and checked in and waited in the lounge. I was given a boarding card on which the number of my seat was written. There were a large number of people at the airport. It was not long before the departure of the flight was announced and we were asked to board the plane. I got on board and found my seat. When all the passengers were in, the door was closed. As the plane was ready to take off, we were asked to fasten our seat belts. We were also given instructions about what to do in case of an emergency. Then the plane took off smoothly. I was excited. I tried to control myself as I could. Shortly after taking off, the captain’s voice was heard. He welcomed us and wished us a happy journey. A few minutes later we were given newspapers. We were also served soft drink. I looked through the window and saw clouds flying past the plane. Following the example of others, I unfastened my seat belt. I felt a thrill of joy when I noticed below the rivers appear to be thin lines drawn on a sheet of paper. Suddenly it was announced that we were very close to Dhaka Air Port and we would be landing in a few minutes. We were again asked to fasten our seat belts. The plane began to lose height and soon landed softly. Thus my first flight came to an end and I was again on mother earth. MY GARDEN Man was first placed in a garden on his creation. Man’s first home before his fall was a garden and a garden will be his final abode if he is pure. Garden is, therefore, the place where the innocent live. Man’s love of garden is, however, quite evident. Many changes have taken place in the world. Man’s tastes, too have changed, but his love of garden has remained undiminished despite all these changes. My garden is a fenced area in our front yard. It is rectangular in size, 20 feet in length and 15 feet in width. I have been working on the garden for the last three months. In the first month I dug up the earth well. Soon a nice flower bed took shape. My father watched me doing the hard work and said that I was becoming a floriculturist. He helped me to show the right seeds of various flowers. I planted ‘dalia’, ‘lily’, ‘sandhamalati’ and ‘jui’ in a row and in another row two types of roses. As spring came, my flower plants bloomed into a dazzling array of flowers. Such a display of colourful flowers pleases not only me but also others. This garden also enables me to do some manual labour which is good for health. My garden is a source of great pleasure and joy to me. My Hobby Hobby is nothing but one’s alternative mental occupation. It is not one’s main business. It is one’s favourite way to enjoy the leisure time. When anyone becomes engaged in any occupation his mind works up to a certain period. Then the mind wants some change to restore its energy. Almost every man has a hobby. There are different hobbies like stamp collecting, gardening photography, angling, coin-collecting etc. My favourite hobby is coin collection. I take it as an interesting work in my leisure. I collect coins of various types and of various times of different countries. Both new and the old coins of different countries are in my collection. I usually collect coins from my relatives living abroad. My grandfather also helps me in collecting. He has given all the collection of coins of his student life. This coin collection has a great educative value I can know about the different national symbols of different countries from these coins. This hobby also creates then curiosity about those countries. My hobby is the main source of my pleasure. It gives me relief from my routine bound works. It helps me to forget the monotony and sorrow of daily life. So, every one should have a hobby out of his routine life. MY HOBBY Hobby is an interesting work at leisure. It keeps the mind happy and fresh. My hobby is stamp -collecting. I collect stamps from many sources and keep them nicely in my album. I am very interested in collecting stamps of other countries of the world. We find in the stamps the pictures of important buildings, towers, mosques, beautiful gardens, national heroes, national flowers, birds and animals. It is very exciting to look at the stamps. The stamps are of different size, shapes, colours and price. So far as I have collected forty-nine different types of stamps of the countries like Great Britain, the U.S.A. Japan, France, India, Pakistan, Uganda, Saudi, Arabia, Iraq, and Iran. These stamps give me some knowledge of the history and geography of these countries. I also buy stamps from a stationery shop in the local market. My pen friend, a Japanese boy, also sends me stamps from Tokyo. Stamp -collecting is really a pleasant hobby and I am trying to collect more and more stamp. MY HOME There is nothing sweeter than one’s home. The same is with me. My sweet home, my dear home is in the countryside. It is not a big one. It covers only a few bighas of land. It faces the south. The front side of my home is open. A big canal flows by it. There are five houses in my home. All of them are made of tin. Two of them are beggars and have brick-built plinth and floor. My father and mother live in one of these houses. My elder brother, with his wife lives in another one. I also live in a fairly large house. We have a kitchen garden inside our home and a flower garden in front of our house. These gardens add to the beauty of my home. Moreover, my home is surrounded by mango groves and many other fruit trees and flower plants. In spring there is feast of flowers and fragrance in my home. Birds sing in them all day long. From a distance my home then looks like a fine painted picture. To me my home is the sweetest place on earth to live in. It is indeed dearer to me even than paradise. MY IDEA OF GOOD TEACHER Education is the backbone of a nation. So, a teacher’s role is very important to the society. After parents, a teacher is the guide of a student. A good teacher is one of the most important people in a country. I have an experience of having close touch with such a teacher. He is our English teacher, Mr.------------ . He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that it is blessing upon us to have such an ideal teacher ----- a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. MY INTIMATE FRIEND Man by nature is a social being. To him, the world looks gloomy in absence of an intimate friend. I have an intimate friend. His qualities have tempted me to call him my intimate friend. Arif is my best friend. He comes of a very good and respectable family. He is a meritorious student. He has always achieved a good result in his examination. He has a sweet temperament. He is neat and charming in his habits. He is amiable and modest. He is intelligent and well-behaved. He never speaks ill of others or injures anyone’s feelings. He is worthy of being a good friend. He proves the proverb a friend in need is a friend indeed. He is always desirous of my good. If I fail to understand anything, he explains it to me. If he finds any, he tries to rectify me. He always advises and helps me when I am problem. For me, he is the sea of knowledge. I have learnt a lot from him. Service of humanity, devotion to study, obedience to elders and love for youngers-------- are his great ideals. I am lucky that a person like Arif is my friend. MY LAST DAY AT SCHOOL Some memories in our life are so painful that they tend to bring tears to our eyes. The memory of my first day at school is one such example. I always look back and call up in my mind the sweet school days. I had to bid farewell to my school as I was going to sit for my SSC examination. For seven long years I was an inseparable part of the institution. Now it exists only in my memory. All the nooks and corners of the big building were intimately familiar to me. To each of them clings some sweet fond memory of days gone by. As I went to receive my admit card of my S.S.C. Examination, all the memories of the past began to crowd over in my mind. The wavy green grasses on the field were alluring and we had walked, sat or played there almost every day during our time at the school. Before departing, we flocked to the Headmaster’s room. With a heavy heart we took leave of him. Some of us touched his feet. He showered blessings on all of us. We went round to other teachers and paid our respect to them as well. When all the formalities were over, we trooped past the gate. Farid Mia, the college gatekeeper, cast us a mournful glance. My eyes became full of tears as I met his moist eyes. Indeed the day was a memorable one which I can never forget in my life. MY MOTHER The sweet word that is mixed up with our existence and feeling is ‘mother’. Every young child starts its life just uttering this very word. The same thing happens to me. My mother is dearest to me in the world. She loves me dearly. My mother is a woman of thirty/thirty five/ forty. She is gentle, amiable, patient and loving. Her heart always yearns for me. She is always anxious to see me happy. Since my birth I have always been with her. I have grown up under her affection and care. Without her loving care, my existence on earth would be impossible. She loves me more than anybody else on earth. Her joy knows no bounds if she finds me happy. If I fall ill, she becomes very anxious. When I come round, her face beams with smile. Her calm and gentle look is a source of hope and inspiration to me. If I am to write anything about her, I feel inclined to write a big volume and not a paragraph. Thank the Almighty that He has blessed me with such a mother. My Idea About Leisures Leisure refers to free time which is free from routine works of one's life. The works done during one's free time are known as leisure pursuits, or pastimes. A life can not be fruitful and successful without leisure persuits or pastimes. In our country most village men usually spend their free time by gossiping in tea-stalls,by playing village out door games, by fishing in canals, rivers, haors and beels and by joining rural cultural functions. The village women usually pass their leisures by gossiping and by visiting their neighbours and villagers. The village children spend their free time by flying kites, by plucking flowers and by swimming in ponds, canals and rivers. Today village people watch television programmes at evening and at night. But the city people/dwellersusually enjoy their leisures by visiting parks, zoos, various international fairs, historical places and by joining different clubs. They also pass their free time by swimming, boating and fishing in the big lakes. Besides, many city dwellers enjoy their free-time by reading story books. newspapers and magazines and by watching international sports and games on n7 screen. Today the most common pastime is watching various TV programmes. Travelling, gardening, painting, drawing pictures etc are also the popular leisure pursuits Nowadays the young society is very fond of listening to band and pop-music. Inwinter football, ha do- do, cricket and various village games are held inour country. The people of Bangladesh are fond of making picnic to the important spots in winter. The value of a leisure pursuit is very great in our life. It helps to wipe out the monotony of routine works and keeps our mind cheerful. I am a college student and have a great interest in travelling and reading magazines and story books during my off time. It is travelling which helps one to broaden one s outlook and knowledge. My Neighbour Man is a social being. He lives in the society with his family and there are neighbours all around him. I live at Lalkhan Bazar in the city of Chittagong. I have my neighbours too. Our neighbours are gentle and amiable people. Most of them are government officers. All of them are highly educated. Some of my neighbours are businessmen, a few of them are doctors, some are day labourers, some are teachers and the rest of them are engaged in other professions. My neighbours are all peace-loving people. We live in complete peace and harmony with one another. When any of us falls ill or into any difficulty, others go out of their way to help him. Most of my neighbours are Muslims. There are some Hindus, Christians and Buddhists. No problem arises among different communities. In different social occasions we co-operate with one another. Of my neighbours there are two school teachers. Now and then, I go to their houses and talk about my studies. They help me willingly. On the whole, our environment is of peace and happiness. MY NEIGHBOURS The word ‘neighbour’ means a person who lives in houses, streets etc. near another. My neighbours are the people who live close to my house. I have a number of neighbours. Most of them are very kind-hearted and progressive minded. A few of them are conservative. My neighbours are of different occupations. Some are businessmen; some are service holders, some doctors and teachers. We live side by side as a unit of a single family. We live in collaboration with one another. When one of my neighbours falls in danger, we all extend our helping hands to him. Sometimes the difference of opinion arises among ourselves. It creates a temporary misunderstanding with some of my neighbours. It is a matter of happiness that it does not last long. We feel sorry for the misunderstanding and compromise it honourably. We share our joys and sorrows among ourselves. Whenever we become ill, our good neighbours come to nurse us back to health. We often consult our problems. My neighbours are not my relatives but more than my relatives. On occasion of different ceremonies and religious festivals we become a family. I am very proud and happy to have such neighbours. MY NEXT DOOR NEIGHBOUR Very few people are blessed with good neighbours. I am lucky to have such good neighbour. I live in a town. I have a number of neighbours. Of them all, I like one most. The neighbour I like most is my next-door neighbour. His name is Mr. ‘X’. He is a young man of twenty eight years. We have known each other for about five years. He is endowed with many good qualities. He is a good student. He has a sound health. He is by nature, amiable and cheerful. He always considers the good to his neighbours. He is co-operative and friendly without getting into any kind of quarrels with them. Courtesy goes a long way and even if any of his neighbours is the quarrelsome kind, his pleasant manner changes the disturbing one. He visits us on every happy occasion and expenses his joy. If any neighbour is in trouble and needs help, he doesn’t wait for extending his helping hand. In my distress, he is always the first man to offer his services. He guides me too. He also has great affection for me. I do not find any blemish in his personality. After all, that is what being a good neighbour is all about. I am really proud of having such an ideal man as my neighbour. MY NATIVE VILLAGE / THE VILLAGE I LIVE IN With the green fields and with the cool and calm shade of the trees our village stands on the-------------river. The name of our village is---------. It is in the district of------------. About five thousand people live in our village. Most of them are Muslims. There are also a few Hindus, Buddhist and Christians. They live in peace and harmony. The villages are mostly farmers or labourers. Some are potters, weavers, blacksmiths, fishermen and so on. There is a big market in our village. It is the heart of our village which throbs with the activities of the villagers. There are some brick-built buildings such as the mosque and primary and high school building. There are also a post office, a health-care centre and community centre. Our village has a good road, which links the village with the highway. The village is rich in cultural activities like Jatra, Jarigan, boat-race and bullock-race. Our village is also famous for cottage industries. Our village is a peaceful village with a number of educated people. I am proud of our village and pray for its peace, progress and prosperity. MY OWN PROFILE I am a boy/girl. My name is ------------. I am at present a student of Class------. I am the first/ second/ third/ eldest/ youngest son/ daughter of my parents. We are two brother and sister. My father whose name is ----------, is a businessman/ government employee. My mother is a housewife. My sister/ brother is also a school-goer. At present I am ----------------- years old. In my early age I spent my time in high spirits. As I was the eldest son / daughter of my parents, all the members of our family loved me very dearly. They gave me whatever I asked from the. They always took care to make me happy. A single drop of tears was enough to move them. My grandmother was very fond of me. She told me many amusing stories. I annoyed her in many ways but she was never angry with me. I recollect the day from my memory, when I first, went to A.B.C High School with my father. My teachers spoke kind and affectionate words to me. My classmates welcomed me with love and interest. I am, still, a student of that school. My aim is to be an engineer and I am working hard to reach my goal. My hobby is stamp-collecting, painting. My favourite game is cricket. My favourite fruit is mango and my favourite food is ‘Hilsha” fish and rice. I am at present a happy boy / girl of a happy family. I try to make my life bright and prosperous in future. My Parents My parents are the dearest and the nearest persons on earth. They have brought me up from my infancy. They are the only persons who are actually interested in my well-being and that interest of theirs is unconditional. They are happy if I am happy. They have sacrificed all their happiness to make me happy. My father is a school teacher and my mother is a house wife. My father is my guide, friend and philosopher and my mother is the source of inspiration for me. In my childhood, she put her heart and soul in bringing me up. I remember, I caused her much trouble. My father also works hard to maintain his family. He always wants to see me smiling face. He is honest and a man of principle. My mother is also honest and sincere. My parents watch my student career with an affectionate interest. My success gives them immense pleasure and my failure shocks them greatly. Really, my parents are the part and parcel of my life. I am grateful to God that I have got such parents MY RESPONSIBILITY TO MY FAMILY Responsibility is an inherent quality of a man. Truly speaking, the superiority of a human being requires him to show some responsibilities and duties to himself and his family. He cannot be indifferent to his responsibilities towards himself and his family. As man has to live in a society, so in this respect he has to behave very responsibly. We have our own responsibility towards our family and neighbours. As I am a student, my foremost duty is to study well, listen to my teachers and parents have sensibly with others. I feel that I can perform many duties towards my family. In my family I can help my parents in doing different household works, such as, preparing food, washing the dishes, making the bed, wiping the floors, setting the tables, dusting the furniture doing shopping, etc. Besides, in time of illness I can help my family members by consulting doctors. Again, in time of family crisis I can assist my parents in taking decision. Thus as a teenager, I can perform my responsibilities towards my family. Only then I can claim myself as the best creation of God. MY PARENTS Everybody owes greatly to his parents. I cannot be an exception. I could not pass through my infant days without their love and affection. So I am very much devoted to and fond of my parents. They sacrificed their comfort and pleasure for my health and happiness. As a result I have grown up as what I am today. My parents are a modest couple. But they are dignified. They do not have the pride of wealth, not of higher degrees. But they are solvent and educated. My father is an engineer / medical officer / government employee / businessman and my mother is a school teacher / housewife. Father is always busy with his job. Actually my mother looks after us all time and helps us do our home-task everyday. She keeps the house neat and clean and does other household work. My parents are fond of reading books and newspapers. They are also fond of listening to music. Mother is particularly interested in needlework. She makes our clothes with her sewing machine. Father is the head of our family and everybody obeys him. Both of them take them interest in our education and welfare. Their love for my sister and me is matchless. My parents are my first teachers. I have learnt a lot from them. My parents are worthy of emulation in our society. I love and respect them very deeply. MY VISIT TO A PLACE OF HISTORICAL INTEREST Many things I have heard about the historical places of Bangladesh. So I had been dreaming of visiting a historical place. I learnt many things about the beauty of the imposing multidomed Shat Gambuj Mosque. In mid-15th century, a Muslim colony was founded in the inhospitable mangrove forest of the Sundarbans near the seacoast in Bagerhat district by a saint Ulugh Khan Jahan. He was the earliest torchbearer of Islam in the South who laid the nucleus of an affluent city during the reign of Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah (1442-59), then known as ‘Khalifatabad’ (present Bagerhat). I, accompanied with some of my friends visited the historical mosque and its adjoining area. It came to our view that the stately fabric of the monument stands on the eastern bank of a vast sweet-water tank, clustered around by the heavy foliage. This gives a real picture of a low-lying countryside characteristic of a seacoast landscape. The mosque is roofed over with 77 squat domes, including 7 Chauchala or four-sided domes in the middle row. The vast prayer hall is provided with 11 arched doorways on east and 7 each on north and south for ventilation and light. It has 7 longitudinal aisles and 11 deep bays by a forest of slender stones columns. From these columns spring rows of endless arches, supporting the domes. The arches are six feet in thickness, have slightly tapering hollow and round walls. The interior and the exterior of the mosque give a view of rather plain architecture but the interior western wall of the mosque was beautifully decorated with terracotta flowers and foliage. I have come to know that besides being used as a prayer hall the mosque was also used as the court of Khan Jahan Ali. At present it is one of the greatest tourist attractions and best architectural beauties of Bangladesh. MY VISIT TO THE NATIONAL MEMORIAL Our National Memorial is our glory and pride. It is situated at Savar in Dhaka. I have recently had the opportunity to visit the National Memorial. It is a symbol of the nation’s respect for the martyrs of the War of Liberation. It is built with concrete, but made of blood. It is an achievement the dimensions of which can be measured, but it stands for all achievement which is immeasurable. It stands upright for the millions of martyrs who laid down their lives so that we may stand upright, in honour and dignity, amongst the nations of the world. As I have seen, the tower is 150 feet high and it stands on a base measuring 130 feet wide. There is actually a series of 7 towers that rise by stages to a height of 150 feet. I have come to know that the foundation was laid on the first anniversary of the Victory Day. There is actually a plan to build a huge complex in several phases. The entire complex will cover an area of 126 acres. The plan of this complex includes a mosque, a library and a museum. The relics of the Liberation War will be kept in the museum. The sight of the complex, which was most moving to me is the several graves of the martyred freedom fighters; close to the tower. The memorial stands 150 feet tall, but every martyr it stands for stands so much taller. Standing in front of the graves we bowed down our heads in respect. It seemed to us that the towers soar up symbolising the loftiness of the spirit of the martyrs. While visiting I felt that the national memorial is a reminder to all our countrymen of the valiant struggle and supreme sacrifices of a freedom loving people. Indeed the visit was a one which is still engraved in my heart. MY VISIT TO A PLACE OF HISTORICAL INTEREST A few months ago I visited Darjeeling. I went there with my family. When we entered Darjeeling there was a thick fog all round and it seemed as if we were driving into the clouds. It was very cold but we were well prepared, with our coats, caps and mufflers. Arrangements for our stay had been made in a small but comfortable lodging house, and after spending the night there we embarked upon a tour of sight seeing. We visited the Botanical Gardens, the Himalayan Mountaineering places of interest. We ate some authentic Tibetan food and bought traditional Eastern curios. Early the next morning, we went to Tiger Hill to see the sunrise. This is possible only if it is a clear day and many people come back disappointed. But we were lucky. A hush fell over the crowd as the first rays of the sun struggled out from behind the clouds and the sun rose with all its glory. The snow-clad Kanchanjhonga looked breath-takingly beautiful. I have never seen anything so awe-inspiring! From this spot we were even able to get a glimpse of Mount Everest. On our way back we visited the lush tea-gardens which produce some of the finest tea in the whole world. My trip to Darjeeling was a really enjoyable one and I did not know until I went there that nature could be so magical! . MY VISIT TO A VILLAGE It was my first visit to a village. One of my friends invited me to visit his village in two days holiday. I went along with him to his native village which is not far away from my town. In the truest sense their home is made of mud with thatched roof. There were unmetalled roads leading to and coming from the village. Its surroundings were green because of the crops and other vegetation. The streets were usually narrow and dirty with the open drainage system which gave out stinking smell. Outside the village there was a pond. There were some big shady trees on the outskirts of the village. The people in villages enjoy free air. The diet is very nourishing. They live in the bosom of nature. Farmers were seen to go to their fields along with their cattles. Under the shady trees people in general, were holding discussion, smoking and enjoying tit-bits and talks. Some were taking their lunch under these trees. Outside the village there was also a well from where villagers drew water for drinking and other uses. The village belles dressed in their lovely and multi-coloured costumes with pitchers on their heads came to take water from the well. To see them chatting and talking while coming and going is an alluring sight. After all the cool and fresh breeze of the morning, the scenes of sunset and sunrise produced the charming sights and scenes. All these made my mind fresh and lively, which I can never forget. MY VISIT TO BAISHAKHI MELA Bangladesh is a land of rich culture and heritage. Baishakhi Mela is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. A ‘Baishakhi Mela’ is an annual gathering. It is a gathering held in villages too. This year along with some of my friends I went to Baishakhi Mela held in the Dhanmondi Club playground. We went there in the afternoon. I found the fair bustling with life. There were various kinds of shops and stalls. They were full of different kinds of things such as toys, handicrafts, potteries, sweets and cakes and many handmade things. The potteries made by the students of Charukala Institute, Dhaka University attracted me most. I purchased some specimens of their potteries only. Prices of things were a great deal higher than I had anticipated. Several book-shops were also there. Children’s books were among them which were sold at a great number. In the evening a discussion was held in which the speakers were from intellectual level of our country. In the fair, people were thronged to different food shops. It also became a place for annual meeting for people. But the fair had a different message to give us. The cultural outlook of the young people ought to be broadened. The authorities should organise more fairs. On the whole, I enjoyed the fair most with my friends. MY VISIT TO DHAKA Dhaka is an old city. It remained an imaginary place to me so long because I could not see it with my own eyes. I had an opportunity, however, to see the capital of my dream when my uncle invited me to pay a visit to Dhaka and to be his guest. I availed myself of the opportunity and paid a visit to Dhaka during the last summer. During my short stay at Dhaka, I moved from place to place by bus, rickshaw and baby taxi. When I passed through Nawabpur Road, I was struck by the dazzling sight of the big shops. I went to Gulistan, the D.I.T. Avenue, and Motijheel Commercial Area. The wide and spacious National Stadium, the Baitul Mokerram Mosque, the tall and big buildings of Motijheel Commercial Area, the G.P.O and the Bangladesh all impressed me very much. Next morning I visited the Lalbag Killa, Bara Katara and Chhota Katara. These are the remnants of the Mughal rule. Here old touches and memories hover all around. At Lalbag we also saw the Tomb of Pari Bibi, the daughter of Shaistha Khan. On the way we saw the Dhakeswari Temple built by Ballal Sen. But the New Town, the Sher-e-Banglanagar, the latest extension of Dhaka and Tejgaon Industrial area presented a different sight altogether. Everything about them is new and modern. The Medical College, the University, Salimullah Muslim Hall, the High Court, the Engineer’s Institute, the Secretariat, the Assembly House, Hotel Sheraton and Sonargaon are all designed according to modern taste. The Ramna Garden, the Suhrawardy Udyan and the beautiful lawns attracted me much. I also visited the New Market, Azimpur Colony, the Gulshan Model town and derived much pleasure from their charming sights. I also went to Zia International Airport and saw planes taking off and coming down. My visit to Dhaka was of great interest. It has widened my knowledge and experience. It has given me practical knowledge which books can never give and has brought past history in vivid form before my mind’s eyes. My Next-door Neighbour A next-door neighbour is a person living (residing) adjacent to our house or flat. I have got a next-door neighbour named Mr. Abdul Hakim. He is about 45. He is an B. A. (Hops), M.A. M-Ed. He is a reputed Principal of a college. He is well-educated, well-behaved and well-dressed. He is very sociable, social, amiable kind, helpful, co-operative and friendly. He is very dutiful and responsible too. In a word Mr. Hakim is a very nice man. He always remains cheerful . He is never rude to anybody. He is highly respected and loved everywhere. Yet he has no pride (wkzai4 He Is a very good friend of my father. He often visits our house and asks me about my progress in studies. This noble man always advises me what I should do and what I should not do. When any members of our family fall ill, he comes first. Again, when our family faces any problem, he tries hard to solve it. He has a younger son named Jabiaryer. He is of my own age. He is very friendly and modest. We go to school and play together. Mr.Hakim is fond of fishing in the lake and canals and Jabiayer is fond of playing football and gardening, The kind-hearted next-door neighbour hardly thinks of his own betterment and interest . Now-a-days such a noble next-door neighbour is seldom found in our society. Thanks Allah! I have.got such a nice next-door neighbour. It can be said that a social life can not be successful and fruitful without a good next-door neighbour. So a next-door neighbour plays a vital role in making our life happy and comfortable. My Favourite Poet/ Author My most favourite poet is Kazi Nazrul Islam. He is favourite to me for his patriotic writings. The literature of Bangla' ) is very old and rich in the world. Many famous poets and authors have developed Bangla literature through their writings, Kazi Nazrul Islam is one of them. His contribution is uncommon in Bangla literature. He was born in a poor but noble family at Churulia in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal in 1899. His early life was sorrowful. He lost his father in his early life. He could not receive good education owing to extreme -poverty He began his writing from his very boyhood. Almost all his writings are patriotic , many are rebellious and some negligious. I am - highly inspired (-N~ ") by his rebellious writings. His famous poem 'Bidrohi' was published after returning from the war. He wrote Agnibina (zftWI), Bisher Bashi' Badhanhara Rikter Bedon etc. One after another. he also composed many remarkable plays, dramas and songs. He was sent to jail for his rebellious writings. His writings inspires us to protect/stand against injustice and illegal activities. His writings worked as sharp as swords against the brute British rulers They also work as sharp. as swords against all odds and injustice in all ages. All classes of people, poor and rich were equal to him. This is why, Nazrul is called the Byron of Bangladesh. He passed away in August 29, 1976. Though he is dead, his writings have made him immortal. He is still alive in the heart of the Bangla speaking people. comments debug Comments Write a comment Write a comment Share Your Thoughts Be the first to write a comment. comments debug Comments Write a comment Write a comment Share Your Thoughts Be the first to write a comment. comments debug Comments Write a comment Write a comment Share Your Thoughts Be the first to write a comment. comments debug Comments Write a comment Write a comment Share Your Thoughts Be the first to write a comment. N Natural Calamities of Bangladesh: An obstacle to progress Bangladesh is called the land of natural calamities. The prime natural disasters of this country are flood, storm, cyclone, drought and famine. Flood visits our country every year due to heavy rainfall. It is the most devastating one of all natural calamities. It takes a serious turn in the monsoon. Due to heavy rai n, most of the rivers overflow their banks and thus cause flood. It washes away different types of crops, cattle, homes and properties. The devastating floods in the years of 1988 and 1998 are very remarkable. Most of the districts in the southwest of Bangladesh had been inundated violently. Storm is not less destructive than flood. Storm causes abrupt damage to our life and property. Affected people cannot get the opportunity to save themselves nor their properties. It blows away our homes, trees, cattle and many things. But when a storm revolves violently round a centre, it is called cyclone. It moves at a high speed ranging from forty to more than hundred kilometres per hour. During the last few years, several cyclones swept over our country and caused immense harm to our people. Cyclone is a curse to the inhabitants of the coastal regions of Bangladesh. The tidal bore and the heavy showers wash away the stores of foodstuff and cause terrible damage. Drought causes serious harm to our crops and trees. Due to the want of water farmers cannot grow plants nor can produce bumper crops. As an aftermath, famine occurs. Many people die from hunger. However, we have to reduce the loss caused by various natural calamities. Using modern weather forecast, prior warning can be given to the people who are likely to be affected storm, cyclone etc. Moreover, the affected people and domestic livestock can be easily shifted to a safer place during flood and cyclone. Besides, a quick relief, medical treatment and essential medicines should be supplied among the affected people. Some effective measures should be taken by the govt. as well as different NGO’s with a view to eliminating sufferings of the victims. Natural Calamities Natural calamities are the disasters which are inflicted by God, or Nature, or man and his world. Bangladesh is often hit by natural calamities like flood, cyclone, drought, earthquakes, landslides, tidal bores, excessive rainfall, river erosion, famine which bring great loss to the life and property of our country almost every year. Environmental pollution, climate change, global warming, greenhouse effect, deforestation, lack of plans etc. are responsible for these natural calamities. Many people becoming homeless and helpless suffer untold sufferings. Houses are destroyed, cattle are washed away, crops are greatly damaged and trees are uprooted. The prices of all essentials go up. Famine breaks out. Thousands of people and animals die for want of food. Many dangerous diseases like cholera, typhoid, diarrhea and dysentery break out in an epidemic form. The educational institutions are closed down for a long time. In a word the whole nation undergoes extreme sufferings and socio-economic pressure. Though we cannot prevent natural disasters as we have no hand in nature, we can reduce the damage caused by natural calamities by using the modern technology of weather warning. Flood can be prevented by building embankments, barrages and a well planned irrigation. The river beds should be dredged for carrying more water by the rivers. An efficient relief measure should also be taken to mitigate the suffering of the flood victims. In fine, it can be said that natural calamities for a poor country like Bangladesh are destructive. So, steps should be taken by the government as well as the conscious citizens raising public awareness to prevent their destructive effect for the greater interest of the country. NATURAL DISASTER IN BANGLADESH I know that Bangladesh is prone to natural disasters. Those disasters are cyclone, tidal bore and flood. Global warming is the main cause of these disasters 1 experienced a cyclone in 1991. Then I was a child. So I can remember a little what had happened during that cyclone. From my memory I can say that the cyclone caused a lot of damages. The wind was blowing so violently that our house was shivering severely. We were afraid that our house might be damaged. However, the house did not collapse but we could not sleep that night in fear. In the morning, people came out of their houses with anxieties. Many houses were damaged and many trees were uprooted. Branches of strongly rooted trees were broken down. Water reached our yard. Many coconuts which were separated from cluster were floating on water. During that cyclone many cattle died falling under collapsed houses. Many people were killed at different places and many were lost. A lot of educational institutions and trees were damaged. The cyclone caused untold sufferings to people. In fact, we are helpless before the natural disasters. We can't prevent them. We can only take some measures to lessen the sufferings of the victims. and to minimise the loss of property. Our govt can buildup some permanent NEWSPAPER A newspaper is a printed publication appearing daily, weekly or monthly containing news, advertisements and articles on various subjects. It carries the news and views from home and abroad to us. In this era of scientific progress, we cannot do a single day without it. We become detached from the outside world in absence of it. It is a part and parcel of our day-to-day life. I cannot start a day without going through a daily newspaper. Newspaper brings news of various kinds to meet the demand of people from all social strata. Newspaper is called the storehouse of knowledge. It has removed the global distance and made the whole of the world a village. Having a newspaper in grip, people can get all sorts of information. It provides them with news about politics, economics, culture, literature, games and sports of the world. Some newspapers have begun to publish guidelines to give students academic aid. Being a student I am inclined to read such kind of newspaper. It helps me a lot. But I do not support yellow journalism because of false news, exaggerated views, irritating comments exile public opinions. We should train up our journalists to be evaluated. NEWSPAPER READING Newspapers have their own importance and advantages. In modern times, newspapers are considered to be the givers of information, news and views. They bring to us news from all the corners of the world. Newspapers in the modern world reflect pubic opinion. They contain a great deal of useful information. The public remains in touch with the leading ideas in the country as well as of the world. Through newspapers, we get national as well as international news. They help in creating among the readers the spirit of goodwill and mutual understanding for other nations of the world. Newspapers are good means of publicity and propaganda. In the advertisement columns, one can know about many things. Thus, by reading newspapers one can know many things. Newspapers play a great role in mobilising public opinion on various national issues. Newspapers also help in education public opinion. They make us realise our duties and make us aware of our responsibilities. They give their own honest, just and right opinion on various great problems of the country. Thus, they lead the masses on the right path. From the point of view of education, they have a great value. Newspapers can publish the latest reports regarding the researches made, discoveries done and inventions made in the various fields. The ideas and thoughts of world-renowned thinkers, writers, poets, scientists, reformers, philosophers and politicians are known to us through newspapers. Thus, newspapers are the important limbs of modern society Necessity of Learning English We know that English is an international language. English has become the window to the world. For any kind of higher education we are dependent on English. Its importance can easily be understood. There are some jobs like that of a pilot, a telephone operator or a tourist guide who require to know English. A foreign office can not perform their deeds without English. For diplomatic relations, foreign trades, use of science and technology even inside our homeland and for spreading our religion abroad, we need English. If we do not learn English right from the very beginning of our academic life, we shall be unable to produce goods doctors, engineers, technicians etc. Proficiency in this language can help us to express our feelings in a befitting manner. A deeper understand-ding of the language can also bring us much pleasure. We shall be able to enjoy good authors. This may sharpen our mental faculty. Our thoughts and actions will be developed through English language. There is none who can deny the importance of this language in our day to day life. Therefore, all of us should make an effort to learn this language. Natural Calamities in Bangladesh natural calamity is a part of the environment. It is a natural force. It brings about untold havoc, sufferings and losses to men, animals, crops, properties, trees and the environment. It is a menace for all. A natural calamity is very destructive and horror. Every year various alarming -natural calamities hit is small plain land which is located on the Bay of Bengal. This is why, Bangladesh is called a land of natural disasters and calamities. Every year she faces various calamities such as floods, cyclones, Sidr, Nargis, earthquakes river erosion , tidal waves (Vt"9001), storms. droughts, excessive rainfall etc. Flood is the most common and devastating one of all the natural calamities in Bangladesh. It usually hits during the rainy season. It has an alarming impact on our lives, crops and properties. Every year a terrible flood sweeps away thousands of houses, domestic animals and poultry. It roots out countless trees, damages our crops, roads, dams and embankments (4K ~-- ) tremendously. Every year it renders (makes) thousands of people homeless, helpless and landless. This frightful natural calamity snatches away a lot of valuable lives every year. The flood-affected people have, to pass their days under the open sky without food, clothes and medicines. After flood, various water-borne diseases break out and acute famine exists across the country. The poor are the worst sufferers. Natural calamities curve our all development plans and efforts severely and endanger our national and social. economy. Def6restation, illiteracy, civic unawareness and acute poverty are the root CRUMB of natural calamities. By raising civic awareness and removing Me acy from the society and by stopping deforestation we can get rid of the natural calamities. Natural Beauties of Bangladesh Bangladesh is a country of gorgeous greenery on the shore of the Bay of Bengal which is enriched with natural beauty and resources, many rivers, birds, forests, historical places and above all, six seasons. Every year thousands of nature lover come from various countries come here to learn from nature, to see awesome creations and to know about wild lives. Amongst those places Cox’s Bazar Sea Beach, the Shundarbans, Srimongal Tea Garden, Jaflong, Rangamati, Bandarban, Paharpur Buddha Vihara and so on are well known worldwide. An excellent combination of the picturesque natural beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky and the shimmering expanse of water of the Bay of Bengal and the evergreen forest makes Cox’s Bazar and Kuakata Sea Beach a much sought after tourist destination. It is one of the unique spots which allow a visitor to watch both the sunrise and the sunset from the beach. This sandy beach slopes gently into the Bay and bathing there is as pleasant as is swimming or diving. The Shundarbans, the land of rare plants and animals, is the largest mangrove forest of the world. One can see Royal Bengal Tiger, a lot of deer, monkeys, and elephants and so on. The real beauty of Shundarbans is the Shundori tree which is really exceptional. Various types of birds always charm the tourists. Srimangal which is one of the hilly districts of Sylhet division is famous for tea gardens and Seven Layered tea. Jaflong is known as land of stone. The Mari River is well known to all due to transparent glass like river water. You can see the ground of river from the top of water. In fine, it can be said that if you love nature, love natural beauty and especially green field you must not forget to visit those places of Bangladesh. Nuclear family The nuclear family or elementary family is a term used to define a family group consisting of a pair of adults and their children. I live in a nuclear family. Our family consists of four members such as my father and mother, my sister and myself. Nuclear family is getting popular nowadays because in such a family one can live according to one’s own will. The expenditure here is less than that of an extended family. In a nuclear family one may have much facility. He can enjoy his own life. He has no binding to anyone. The advantages of a nuclear family are stability, legacy, moral coding, skill building, shared responsibility, mutual support. The disadvantages of a nuclear family are that here he has to live alone. He has no companion to share his joys and sorrows. He feels lonely. I do not like it because here one has no friend or companion to share one’s feelings. In recent decades, this traditional form of the family has undergone major changes, with increasing rates of divorce leading to single-parent families, remarriages, resulting in extended families. These trends and the resulting problems that they cause, especially for the children, has brought the advantages of traditional nuclear families back into focus. There is none here to console one in distress or depression. But above all nowadays nuclear family is getting more popular. OUR NATIONAL FLAG A national flag is not merely a piece of cloth but is a symbol of the love we have for our country. When the national flag is hoisted full mast, we feel proud of it. To the outside world, the national flag carries the identity of our nation. Our national flag has a proportion of 5:3; that is the width of the flag must be three fifths of the length. The design of our flag is a two-colour combination ---- red and green. The green colour is the background in the middle of which is pasted a red circle. The red circle indicates a burning sun and the green background suggests the lush green of our nature. The red sun also suggests the blood sacrificed by our people in achieving the independence. The green colour on the other hand shows the energy of our people. A great sense of honour is attached to the national flag. It is never to be desecrated. The more a country prospers, the more a national flag gains in dignity. It is our hope and aspiration that our national flag will earn a global recognition in future. National Flag Every free country has its own National flag. Bangladesh is also a free country. So we have our own national flag. The proportion of the length and breadth is 10 : 6 and the radius of the flag is one fifth of its length. It symbolises our sovereignty, integrity and freedom. It has a grass-green background with a red sun placed at the centre. The green background means the eternal green of Bangladesh. The red sun is the symbol of a new born nation. It depicts the bloody war of independence. The sun also means a rising nation. Everyone pays respect to his national flag. A national flag can be a great inspiration to everyone who loves his country. The national flag is sacred. It represents our country's honour. It is hoisted on solemn occasions. But unfortunately, we are using this flag on trivial occasions. Consequently, most people do not show due respect to It. They disrespect their own country. So, the Government should protect it and we should honour our motherland by showing proper respect to our national flag. THE NATIONAL MEMORIAL The national memorial at Savar is a symbol of nation’s respect to those heroic sons of the country who laid down their life to gain independence during the war of liberation. Though the memorial stands for the martyrs, the achievement it represents can not be measured because freedom can not be limited. It is the symbol of the nation’s pride and dignity. The most prominently visible portion of the memorial is the 150 feet long tower standing on a base 130 feet wide. The foundation of the memorial was laid on the first anniversary of the victory day. There is a plan to build a huge complex covering 126 acres of land. The plan of this complex includes a mosque, a library and a museum. Relics of the war of liberation will be kept in the museum. They will always remind to our countrymen and all those who come to visit the place, the supreme sacrifice of the freedom loving people of Bangladesh. The most moving sight of the complex is the several graves of the martyred freedom fighters just beside the tower. standing there we see the fruit of their sacrifice standing upright to declare the triumph of their glorious deeds. OUR NATIONAL MEMORIAL Our National Memorial is situated at Savar in Dhaka. The National Memorial is a symbol of the nation’s respect for the martyrs of the War of Liberation. It is built with concrete, but made of blood. It stands 150 feet tall, but every martyr it stands for stands so much taller. It is an achievement the dimensions of which can be measured, but it stands for all achievement which is immeasurable. It stands upright for the millions of martyrs who laid down their lives so that we may stand upright, in honour and dignity, amongst the nations of the world. Most prominently visible is the 150 feet tower that stands on a base measuring 130 feet wide. There is actually a series of 7 towers that rise by stages to a height of 150 feet. The foundation was laid on the first anniversary of the Victory Day. There is actually a plan to build a huge complex in several phases. The entire complex will cover an area of 126 acres. The plan of this complex includes a mosque, a library and a museum. The relics of the Liberation War will be kept in the museum. They will ever remind our countrymen and all who would come to visit the museum of the valiant struggle and supreme sacrifices of a freedom loving people. The most moving sight of the complex is the several graves of the martyred freedom fighters; close to the tower. Standing in front of the graves we bow down our heads in respect, as the towers soar up symbolizing the loftiness of their spirit. The national memorial is a reminder to all oppressors that the weapons of freedom need not be very big, and that oppressors will always be defeated. And the will of people prevails, for man is born to be free. A NIGHTMARE It was a nightmare. I was too thrilled to bag the first prize in a lucky draw. It was a free holiday and travel to the Disneyland. I boarded a jumbo jet. Immediately it soared high in the sky. But my joy was short-lived. It kept on going higher and higher. I was terribly frightened. While it was wandering, it crashed with a satellite and broke into pieces. I started falling down. Suddenly, I saw a huge bird, which was as big as a helicopter. I managed to catch its wings. The bird after some time landed on a ship. I got down on the deck. I was thinking that my life has been saved. But this was not so. Suddenly, there was a big blast and the ship broke into pieces. I tried to save my life holding a wooden plank and swimming. It was the unending sea which was full of sharks and whales. I was so frightened that I shouted ‘Mother-Mother’. As soon as my mother heard my call, she woke me up and asked me what happened. I was so happy to find that it was only a ‘frightening dream.’ A NURSE/NURSING AS A PROFESSION Man has three duties --- duty to God, duty to parents and duty to mankind. A nurse is such a person who dedicates her whole life to the service of the people who are ill, injured and wounded. The field she renders her dedicated service to is called nursing. The job of a nurse is very noble. It enables a person to serve the suffering humanity. In our country one needs minimum academic qualifications of S. S. C. to be a nurse. Moreover, one has to study for three years in the Nurses’ Training Centre and this is followed by one year’s practical training in any Medical College Hospital. After completing the course successfully nurses are employed in hospitals and clinics. The job of a nurse is very tiring and trying. She always looks after the patients. A nurse is very vigilant. She renders her heartfelt service to mitigate the agonies and sufferings of the patients. She shares the sorrows and sufferings of the patients. The importance of a nurse beggars description. Hospitals and clinics cannot go even a single day without a nurse. So steps should be taken to ensure due social and financial status for the nurses so that they can keep the torch of Florence Nightingale illuminated. NOBEL PRIZE The Nobel Prize is the world's most prestigious prize. Nobel Prizes are awarded every year for outstanding achievements in the fields of science, literature and for promoting world peace. The Nobel Prize was introduced by Alfred Bernard Nobel, a Swedish scientist and inventor of dynamite. He was born in Stockholom in 1833. Dynamite is used to destroy mountains, dig petrol, wells and in war. The prizes are awarded to encourage and recognise the outstanding contributions of top-most figures in different fields. The prizes are given in six fields such as physics, chemistry, medical science, literature, economics and world peace. The recipients of Nobel Prizes get a certificate, a gold medal and a prize money of 10,00000 US dollars. Professor Dr Yunus has been awarded Nobel Peace Prize for his contribution to remove poverty with the help of micro-credit. We feel proud of him because he has made us feel proud all over the world. Because Dr Yunus is the first Bangladeshi to get Nobel Prize in peace. NOISE POLLUTION* Sound is a symptom of life. But loud sound creates problem for all. Nowadays noise pollution has reached an alarming stage in human life. It has harmful effects on our life and activities. When the sound is at normal, tolerable, pleasant level, it is simply called ‘sound’. But when it is sharp and harsh to the ears, it becomes ‘noise’. Serious harm can be caused to people if they are regularly exposed to sounds exceeding 70 decibels. Because of the growth of urban population and the increasing use of machines in our everyday life, there has been a general increase in the level of sound around us. On an average, people in the cities are exposed to sounds ranging from 30 to 90 decibels or even more. It has dangerous effect on our auditory nerves. It may cause deafness and psychological imbalance. Really it has become a threat to patients, children and old people. It is more dangerous to the patients suffering from heart diseases. Sound pollution has crossed the limits of human endurance. So it is high time for us to take necessary to check it. Strict laws should be enforced in this regard. Moreover we all should cultivate the virtue of quietness in domestic as well as public life. A Nuclear Family Today a nuclear family is regarded as the most up-to-date form of the family all over the world. There are mainly two categories of families like an extended family and a nuclear family. I am a first year student of an old and ideal college in our Upazila. I am lucky because I am a member of a nuclear family. A nuclear family is a small and planned family consisting of only parents and dependent children. I like the small family very much because there are a lot of advantages and facilities in a nuclear family. A member of a nuclear family enjoys almost all rights and amenities of modern life. A nuclear family is free from noise, chaos and disorder A student of a nuclear family finds enough time to study. So he can easily concentrate on his studies properly which helps him to make a better result in the exams. A nuclear family is a family where one can lead a disciplined , planned, peaceful, happy and cheerful life. On the other hand a member of an extended family is deprived of basic needs and facilities of a life. A student of a big family can not concentrate on studies well because of chaos and noise. The only disadvantage of a nuclear family is loneliness One finds no scope to exchange one's views and ideas with others. A member of a small family leads a dismal andcheerless life elf It is obvious (4vT 11-oft) that a dismal life is. better than a chaotic and noisy life. All these reasons now-a-days a nuclear family is getting popularity in our society too. I do support and suggest all to live in a nuclear family fora safer, better, healthier and longer life. O OUR COUNTRY Bangladesh i s our country. She came into existence on the 16th of December, 1971. The soil, the sky, the wind, in fact, everything of this country is very dear to me. Bangladesh is an over populated country. Abut 114 million people live in this country. The Muslims, the Hindus, the Buddhists and the Christians are notable among them. They live here in peace and amity. She is an agricultural country. Her soil is very fertile. Jute is the important cash-crop of Bangladesh. Wheat, rice, oil-seeds, tobacco etc are also produced here. Bangladesh is a land of rivers. She is rich in river wealth and raw materials. She exports fish to different countries and earns much foreign exchange. Dhaka, the most populated city in the country, is the capital of B angladesh. Chittagong and Chalna are important sea-ports of this land. Bangladesh is a picturesque land. She has six seasons. Much of the beauty of the country is contributed by numerous trees of different sizes. Flowers are the special gift of nature in Bangladesh. They lend colour, smell beauty and charm to the land. Bangladesh though was once a country of plenty and affluence, has lost much of the wealth as time has passed on. However I love my country with all my heart. OUR SCHOOL LIBRARY Our school is blessed with a wonderful library. It has so many books that it seems impossible to count them. There are long lines of shelves and cupboards containing books on a variety of subjects. In the reading room, there are many long tables with chairs and a little placard with the word ‘SILENCE’ written on it, for a library is a place of peace and quiet. On a table there are magazines of all kinds, in English and Bengali. There are newspapers as well. When a student wants to borrow a book from the library, he chooses the book and takes it to the librarian. The librarian stamps it and notes the name of the child, the book and the date on which it is taken. The librarian is a trained and qualified person. He helps the children to select good books and keeps the library in perfect order. A place of peace and silence, the library is a storehouse of books written beautifully by well-known authors. It is well stocked with storybooks too. The true function of our school library is to make us aware of good and wholesome books that will widen our knowledge and help us grow up intellectually. *OUR SCHOOL MAGAZINE Every school publishes a magazine once a year. Similarly a school magazine is also published in our school every year. It is the mirror of a school that reflects the idea and progress of our school. It is the reflection of our latent talents. We, the students of our school publish the school magazine annually with the help of our teachers. There is a magazine committee. There are members both from the students and the teachers on the committee. The magazine is the outcome of the labour of all these members. It contains stories, poems, articles, jokes, short play etc both in Bengali and English. These are written by the students as well as the teachers. The expenditure of the magazine is provided mainly by the money that is collected from selling space in the magazine for advertisements. The school magazine increases our knowledge and sharpens our power of thinking and reasoning. It inspires us to express our potentialities and we work hand in hand. In a word, the school magazine is a training ground for us in case of co-operation and literary activities. OUR School A school is an institution for upbringing and guiding the younger generation. I’m a student of ‘Y’ school. It is idealized by all the necessary things of education. It was founded in 1899. It is located in the heart of the city. The school is not very far from my residence. It is a three storied building. There are thirty five rooms. Of them thirty spacious and airy rooms are used as classrooms. Morning shift and day shift divide the school times into two shifts. The school sits at 7:30 am and breaks up at 4:30 pm. There are about 2500 students and 55 teachers in our school. The Headmaster is a very learned person with M.A.M.Ed. He methodically administers the school with efficient teachers. Besides the class rooms, there are the Headmaster’s room, teacher’s room, the office room and the hall room. The library and the prayer room are situated in another building beside the main building. There is a very big ground where we play different games in the break. Our school is one of the leading ideal schools of the country. Many prominent men are trained here. I always take pride of being a student of such a renowned institution. The Curse of Over-Population Over-population is a great curse of a country. Too big population of a country in proportion to its assets and land area is-called population explosion (overpopulation). But population is one of the principal elements of a country. Productive and skilled population is a great asset and blessing of a nations. But illiterate, unproduc'Livo or unskilled population is a great curse and burden to a country. Any over-loaded motor vehicle gets an accident at any moment and an over-loaded boat or launch also sinks at any moment. Similarly, an over populated land is burdened with various alarming problems. It is obvious () that Bangladesh is an over-populated land in Asia having too big population. About 950 people live per square kilometre. It is illiteracy which is the root cause of this alarming problem. Social superstition is the another root cause of this severe problem in our country. Mass unawareness (Ttctwz"!) is also a major cause of it. Gender discrimination is another prime cause of population explosion. This alarming issue commits various sinful acts, crimes, offences and corruptions in the society. It is also causes deforestation which brings about various natural catastrophes and disasters ( ~ -,c4lf e fa-*) in our land. It is the root cause of our food problem, unemployment problem, transport problem, traffic jam, load-sheding etc. Over population can be overcome by controlling birth rate, removing illiteracy and social superstitions, by banning early marriage, by driving away gender discrimination and by creating mass awareness and more job facilities. If we fail to control this panic problem, our all development efforts (06t) and plans will be fruitless P Pahela Baishakh: A token of Bengali identity Pahela Baishakh is one of our festival days. In our Bengali year we celebrate Pahela Baishakh on the first Baishakh every year. The day is celebrated with traditional festivities across the country. On this day different types of people of different social classes come out from their respective residence and enjoy the carnival enthusiastically and publicly because it is a public holiday. Traders and shopkeepers open halkhata (fresh account books) and offer sweets to their customers and clients with a view to satisfying them keeping the age-old tradition. Children, young, adults, aged —– all people of both male and female look forward to celebrating this day with great hope and aspiration. At the very dawn they go outside to celebrate Pahela Baishakh eating panta vath. Most of the girls adorn themselves wearing fresh dress and flowers in their locks. Young and adult boys like to sing with the traditional musical instruments like ektara, dotara, bamboo-flute, sarinda etc. and somebody likes to wear mask of different things. Different socio-cultural organisations draw up elaborate programmes to celebrate Pahela Baishakh. The day’s first programme begins at dawn at Ramna Batamul where Chhayanat, a leading cultural organisation, organises it. Bangla Academy, Shilpakala Academy, Bulbul Lalitakala Academy, Jatiya Press Club, Liberation War Museum, Bangladesh National Museum, Institute of Fine Arts of Dhaka University and many other organisations bring out colourful processions with festoons, placards, posters, banners, masks etc. Bangladesh Betar, BTV, ETV telecast different lively programmes describing and showing the festival activities of Pahela Baishakh. We can’t but memorise this day with great pleasure every year singing together —- “Esho hei Baishakh Esho hei Baishakh” AN IMPORTANT PERSON WHOM I LIKE MOST A good teacher is a blessing upon the students who have the fortune to get acquainted with. I have an experience of having close touch with such an important person. He is our English teacher, Mr.-----. He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that he is a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. So, I like him most. Banning of Polythene Bags: A step to avert hazard The menace of polythene is regarded as a threat to our environment because it cannot be burned or destroyed. It is a matter of congratulation that Bangladesh Government has banned polythene bags at length. People were demanding to stop the production, uses and black-marketing of polythene bags. At last in a meeting, presided over by the Prime Minister in the presence of the Environment and Forest Minister, this decision was taken. In this decision it was banned firstly from Dhaka City from 01 January 2002 and from 01 March from the whole country. On an average, 6 million polythene bags were being used everyday only in Dhaka City. About eighty percent of these bags were thrown out into dustbin. Forty percent of these polythene bags find their way into the drain, sewerage line and manhole. As polythene remains unchanged like a strong curtain through which nothing can pass, the dirty water of drains and manhole is overflowed. As aresult, water clogs stagnantly in different places. About 5 million pieces of jute-bags were marketed as alternative immediate after the banning of polythene bags. These bags cost five to seven taka per piece. BJMC also delivers jute bags costing taka two only. After a few days multitude bags are marketed. People are now able to carry these bags in pocket. All types of polythene bags have many disadvantages. It cannot be mixed with soil and thus the fertility of cultivable land is lessened. It spreads skin diseases and causes harm to nutrition of trees. Besides, air is polluted while burning these polythene bags. It also causes some serious chronic diseases like tuberculosis and cancer. We should avoid using as well as producing polythene bags as early as possible with a view to liberating our natural environment from their disadvantages. The specialists think that it may take time to ensure not using the polythene bags anywhere. Now it has been a burning question for us all that we should stop the production, uses and marketing of polythene bags for our own betterment as soon as possible. PASTIMES The thing we do regularly for enjoymentrather than work is called pastime. In other words, pastime means one's activities in one's leisure. It differs from place to place. In our country pastime varies in respect of locality.-In the village, we see men pass their leisure by chatting. They also indulge in some games and sports, namely ha-du-du, boat race, kiting etc. Some village people have their pastimes by doing social activities. Some take part in cultural activities like 'Jatra', 'Jari-gan' etc. In the town, we see people have their pastimes by taking part in the discussion on political issues at tea-stalls. In this scientific era, their pastimes have changed. They are fond of spending their leisure before television. They watch programmes of different satellite channels. The younger generation are very much fond of cricket and hence they prefer sports channels. The women in the city area are fond of watching drama and films on television. The Chinese spend their time with their family members in parks. The Japanese love sports and spend their time in playing baseball, golf and practising martial arts. Students spend their leisure in English clubs or art clubs or doing skate boarding. Thus pastimes vary from region to region. The pastimes which are common all over the world are watching television, reading novels, collecting stamps, sight seeing, gardening, walking, gossiping, fishing, going on picnics etc. I have a keen interest in photography. That is why it is my favourite pastime. Pastimes Pastime refers to one's hobby or work during one's free time. It is not one's main business. Pastimes vary from person to person, society to society and country to country. In our country the village people pass their leisures by gossiping, playing outdoor and indoor games, fishing, boating, swimming, gardening, visiting neighbours and relatives and joining village cultural functions and by watching 'IV programmes. The city dwellers spend their free time by joining clubs, visiting parks, zoos, museums, international fairs and historical spots. They also enjoy their free time by swimming, boating and fishing in the big lakes, by reading magazines, newspapers and books, 1.y watching international sporting events at the stadium and travelling and gardening. Our children and the young community have a great fondness and interestfor band and pop music. The Chinese enjoy their pastimes by visiting parks and watching TV programmes at evening. Playing baseball, golf and practising martial arts are the popular pastimes in Japan. The Germans are fond of passing their leisures by travelling, walking, hiking, dancing, visiting families and friends. In Canada skiing, hiking, snow boarding, hunting, camping, bird watching, fishing, boating and swimming in large lakes or sea-beaches are common pastimes. Today watching TV programmes is the most common pastime all over the world. The value of pastimes is very great in our life. It helps to remove the monotony of routine life and keeps our mind cheerful and playful. I am a college student. I pass my leisures by travelling and by reading magazines and newspapers. One's life become dismal and cheerless if one does not enjoy one's free time and holidays properly. PASTTIME//LEISURE Man’s life is usually bound by routine. Pastime affords an opportunity to escape out of the prison or routine and breathe the tonic air of freedom. This, therefore, is always a source of joy whenever it comes. . Pastime is the sweetest of moments when a man has nothing to do. . Pastime is also important for the progress of civilisation. It is the basis of all culture. During pastime a person is his own master and can dispose of his time according to his own sweet will. In other words, it is a time when the mind is relaxed, and the body is at rest. Sometimes it becomes a problem to find out the way to get leisure. As a remedy for this, it is necessary for all of us to cultivate some hobby. Some people like to play cards, some to watch films, others to go shopping or visiting friends. Those who love the air of the countryside may surrender to the joy of standing out in the open and feed their sense with the sights and sounds that create beauty and music all around them. Yet there are others who just like to settle down with a good book. Whatever the concept of pastime is, one must derive enjoyment and happiness from it. Practising the hobbies during pastime time our minds may have rest and relaxation. Thus leisure is the essence of life. Early Marriage/ Premature Marriage/Child Marriage Early marriage is an act of getting married at a tender age when the individual is not fully mature to take responsible or not reaching the proper adult age. In Bangladesh the legal age for marriage is 21 for boys and 18 for girls. Despite this legislation, the average age for marriage of girls is 16.4 years. We find that illiteracy, poverty, selfish attitude, unconsciousness, religious misinterpretation, superstitions, social customs, discriminatory attitude towards girls, wrong idea about girls education, dowry system, etc. are some of the causes of premature marriage. Early marriage is seen as a way to “protect” a girl’s sexuality in an unsafe environment. The effects of premature marriage are, no doubt, harmful for health and mind of a female child. The girls cannot adjust with the new environment of their in-law’s house. They cannot serve their husbands’ families properly. In such a condition of their health, weak baby is born with different complications. As a result, it leads to family conflict and misunderstanding. Sometimes, premature marriage leads to divorce, suicide, and unnatural death. To encourage female education and to discourage early marriage our government has taken some positive steps, such as giving stipends to girls, recruiting more female teachers etc. To prevent thispunishable offense, the conscious people should come forward. The parents should be made aware of the bad effects of premature marriage. Different mass media can play an important role in solving the problem. Early marriage perpetuates an unequal society, increasing female vulnerability, powerlessness and assetlessness, as well as restricting personal and psychological development and having hazardous health effects. To sum up, because of negative effect on young people’s development as well as marriage itself, people should not get married early. PHYSICAL EXERCISE Physical exercise is regulated exertion of the limbs for their balanced development. It is as much important as nourishing food and recuperative rest. By taking regular physical exercise a man can invigorate his body and refreshes his mind. It makes a man strong and stout. It keeps the body and mind sound. A man with sound health is really happy. He can enjoy the world. He can take part in any work with happy mood. Physical exercise makes a man active, energetic and free from diseases. It brings all the muscles into play and strengthens them all. There are many kinds of games and sports, each of which is a good form of physical exercise. Some of them are cricket, football, walking, racing, rowing, riding on horseback, gymnastics and drills. Some people don’t take care of taking physical exercise because they cannot appreciate the importance of this. They should know that physical exercise helps a man possess sound health. They are not to suffer from various diseases if they are take physical exercise. So, we must realise the importance of physical exercise in our life. A PICNIC I HAVE ENJOYED RECENTLY A picnic is a pleasant pastime to break the monotony life. During the last Autumn holidays we enjoyed a picnic at Sitakunda. For the purpose, subscriptions of all the friends were collected and we hired a bus. We did all the shopping of rice, meat, chickens, spices, bread, eggs, banana, cold-drinks and so on. We also bought films for the cameras. On the scheduled morning we set out at 8 o’clock. It was a pleasant journey. We sang all the way to the spot, many of us cut jokes and we all burst out laughing. The spot was of scenic beauty surrounded by large trees with branches spreading to provide cool shade. We had our snacks. Some of us sat to prepare out dinner. There were lakes and hills. We ran up and down and it gave us immense pleasure. At midday our dinner was ready. We had a grand feast with different types of curry followed by sweets. Though the cooking was of no high order, yet our keen appetite made everything tasteful. After our lunch we sat together to enjoy a little function of fun. Before dusk we set off for home. It was a pleasant return journey. At last we reached home safe and sound. It was really a memorable day of my life. Physical Exercise Exercise of different parts of the body is said to be physical exercise. This is essential for keeping the body fit. There is a glaring proverb, "A sound mind in a sound body". That is, if the body is unsound, the mind must be unsound too. Indeed it is not possible to keep good health without proper physical exercise. It makes our muscles strong and active. It gives us immense pleasure and energy. It increases the power of digestion. It also keeps the body free from manifold diseases. In order to maintain good health, we have to take regular physical exercise. But physical exercise must be well regulated, systematic and balanced. Again, exercise after food is not suitable for health. There are different types of exercise, such as - walking, swimming, riding, rowing and jogging are the most common form of exercises. Games and sports particularly, outdoor games like Football, volley-ball, basket ball, badminton, and cricket meet the demand of physical exercise. Physical exercise keeps our body fit as well as offers ample opportunity for our longevity in this world. So, everyone should take physical exercise regularly. A PICNIC I HAVE ATTENDED RECENTLY A picnic is a pleasant pastime to break the monotony life. During the last Autumn holidays we enjoyed a picnic at Sitakunda. For the purpose, subscriptions of all the friends were collected and we hired a bus. We did all the shopping of rice, meat, chickens, spices, bread, eggs, banana, cold-drinks and so on. We also bought films for the cameras. On the scheduled morning we set out at 8 o’clock. It was a pleasant journey. We sang all the way to the spot, many of us cut jokes and we all burst out laughing. The spot was of scenic beauty surrounded by large trees with branches spreading to provide cool shade. We had our snacks. Some of us sat to prepare out dinner. There were lakes and hills. We ran up and down and it gave us immense pleasure. At midday our dinner was ready. We had a grand feast with different types of curry followed by sweets. Though the cooking was of no high order, yet our keen appetite made everything tasteful. After our lunch we sat together to enjoy a little function of fun. Before dusk we set off for home. It was a pleasant return journey. At last we reached home safe and sound. It was really a memorable day of my life. A PICNIC I HAVE ENJOYED RECENTLY A picnic is a pleasant pastime to break the monotony life. During the last Autumn holidays we enjoyed a picnic at Sitakunda. For the purpose, subscriptions of all the friends were collected and we hired a bus. We did all the shopping of rice, meat, chickens, spices, bread, eggs, banana, cold-drinks and so on. We also bought films for the cameras. On the scheduled morning we set out at 8 o’clock. It was a pleasant journey. We sang all the way to the spot, many of us cut jokes and we all burst out laughing. The spot was of scenic beauty surrounded by large trees with branches spreading to provide cool shade. We had our snacks. Some of us sat to prepare out dinner. There were lakes and hills. We ran up and down and it gave us immense pleasure. At midday our dinner was ready. We had a grand feast with different types of curry followed by sweets. Though the cooking was of no high order, yet our keen appetite made everything tasteful. After our lunch we sat together to enjoy a little function of fun. Before dusk we set off for home. It was a pleasant return journey. At last we reached home safe and sound. It was really a memorable day of my life. A picnic you attended During the last Winter vacation we enjoyed a picnic. It was a fine morning. I with five of my friends started for the journey at 8.00 a.m. We reached our expected place, Rangamati at 11.00 a.m. We had our cooking arrangements with us. We had also playthings and musical-instruments. Reaching there, all of us cooked the food. At midday our lunch was ready. We then sat together and ate to our fill, though the cooking was of no high order. After finishing our lunch, we cleaned the utensils and packed them into the baskets. We sang songs and played games. We roamed around here and there and saw many attractive things. The natural scenery of Rangamati beggars description. That is, we became spell-bound seeing the natural beauty of Rangamati. The setting sun was very beautiful to look at. At 5.30 p.m. we left the place and started for home with merriment. The memory of this journey will remain ever fresh in my heart. A PORTER A porter is a familiar figure in the railway station, at a bus stop, at a ‘ferry ghat’ or at a big market. He is strong and active. He is swift in moment. He has enough strength to carry heavy loads. He carries luggage and bedding of the passengers or the things bought by people. In a railway station he loads and unloads the goods train. He is very clever. He knows the art of exploiting his clients. When there is a crisis of porters he demands a much higher charge. He is not gentle but quarrelsome. He likes to bargain with the passengers for his charge. When there is higgling no other porter comes to the passenger. In this respect there is unity among the porters. Sometimes the passengers are harassed by the porter and his associates. In market places the porters are comparatively gentle in nature. There is not much scope to cheat people here. His work is hard and difficult but his income is very low. He has to live with his family from hand to mouth. His service to people is very great indeed. A PORTER A porter is a familiar figure in the railway station, at a bus stop, at a ‘ferry ghat’ or at a big market. He is strong and active. He is swift in moment. He has enough strength to carry heavy loads. He carries luggage and bedding of the passengers or the things bought by people. In a railway station he loads and unloads the goods train. He is very clever. He knows the art of exploiting his clients. When there is a crisis of porters he demands a much higher charge. He is not gentle but quarrelsome. He likes to bargain with the passengers for his charge. When there is higgling no other porter comes to the passenger. In this respect there is unity among the porters. Sometimes the passengers are harassed by the porter and his associates. In market places the porters are comparatively gentle in nature. There is not much scope to cheat people here. His work is hard and difficult but his income is very low. He has to live with his family from hand to mouth. His service to people is very great indeed. ADVANTAGE OF PHYSICAL LABOUR Physical labour is essential for our health. Those who are negligent and idle in doing their physical labour cannot prosper in life. Their lives become burden to them. There are a lot of advantages of physical labour. Physical labour makes our lives prosperous. It turns our hopes into reality. It takes us to the pinnacle of success. It brings smile on our face. It helps us to enjoy the bliss of life. Actually, physical labour plays a very substantial role in making our lives efficacious and pithy. Through physical labour we can have a nice appetite and have a good digestion and which help us to keep our body fit and strong. And our minds become cheerful and active. Apart from this, physical labour helps us to increase the power of antibody of our healthy. Therefore, through physical labour we can easily keep our body free from the attack of any severe disease. In fact, physical labour assists us to enjoy a sound health which is the precondition of leading an enjoyable life. In fine, we have to admit that the advantage of physical labour in our lives beyond description. ADVANTAGE OF PHYSICAL WORKS The works which are done with physical labour, considered as physical works. Physical work is a part and parcel of the existence of human beings. Those who are negligent and idle in doing their physical work cannot prosper in life. Their lives become burden to them. There are a lot of advantages of physical works. Physical works make our lives prosperous. It turns our hopes into reality. It takes us to the pinnacle of success. It brings smile on our face. It helps us to enjoy the bliss of life. Actually, physical works play a very substantial role in making our lives efficacious and pithy. Through physical works we can have a nice appetite and have a good digestion and which help us to keep our body fit and strong. And our minds become cheerful and active. Apart from this, physical works help us to increase the power of antibody of our healthy. Therefore, through physical works we can easily keep our body free from the attack of any severe disease. In fact, physical works assist us to enjoy a sound health which is the precondition of leading an enjoyable life. In fine, we have to admit that the advantage of physical works in our lives is beyond description. PASTTIME//LEISURE Man’s life is usually bound by routine. Pastime affords an opportunity to escape out of the prison or routine and breathe the tonic air of freedom. This, therefore, is always a source of joy whenever it comes. . Pastime is the sweetest of moments when a man has nothing to do. . Pastime is also important for the progress of civilisation. It is the basis of all culture. During pastime a person is his own master and can dispose of his time according to his own sweet will. In other words, it is a time when the mind is relaxed, and the body is at rest. Sometimes it becomes a problem to find out the way to get leisure. As a remedy for this, it is necessary for all of us to cultivate some hobby. Some people like to play cards, some to watch films, others to go shopping or visiting friends. Those who love the air of the countryside may surrender to the joy of standing out in the open and feed their sense with the sights and sounds that create beauty and music all around them. Yet there are others who just like to settle down with a good book. Whatever the concept of pastime is, one must derive enjoyment and happiness from it. Practising the hobbies during pastime time our minds may have rest and relaxation. Thus leisure is the essence of life. A Postman One who delivers letters, parcels, money-orders, telegrams etc. from door to door is called a postman. He generally puts on a khaki uniform. We know him from a distance. He always carries a bag full of letters, money-orders or parcels. He is a very reliable person. The duties and responsibilities of a postman are many. He has to work in his area from door to door as well as in his office. He sorts the letters according to the locations of the houses of the recipients. After that he puts them in his bag in a planned way. Then he goes out to deliver them from door to door. He has to maintain a record in case of registered letters, parcels and money-orders. He has to take the signatures of the addressee. He is a messenger of fate. He brings us both good and bad news. Yet he is welcomed by all. In fact, the life of a postman is miserable. He passes his days in a very simple way. Still he has to be honest and responsible. We should take care of a postman and his honesty should be rewarded. In fact, the postman is a real friend of our society. POPULATION GROWTH IN BANGLADESH Explosion of population is rightly identified as the number one national problem. The baby boom every year has become worrying. Bangladesh is small country but her population is great. The area of Bangladesh is about 55 thousand square miles, and it has a population of about 130 million. About 2000 people live per square mile. It means Bangladesh is one of the densely populated countries in the world. There are more people than there is food and space for them. Our population is growing in an alarming rate. The growth rate of Bangladesh is 27 per thousand. It is obviously a very high rate. Our population depends on cultivable land. But on an average, each person has 0.1 hectares of cultivable land. This cannot even produce enough crops to provide the bare necessaries for their existence. Besides, the additional people that are born every year need many additional things. So population growth in Bangladesh is undoubtedly a very great problem. PRICE-HIKE Price-hike is a serious ban to the economy of a country. In the recent times, Prices of essential commodities, including rice, sugar, flour and edible oil are on high rise due to the imbalance challenge of Globalization as well as the curse of nature. It is rising so rapidly and suddenly that the common people have nothing to do but be at a loss going to market. The prices of rice, sugar, flour and edible oil increased while that of fish and vegetables marked a declining trend in the markets. Particularly the poor and the people of fixed income are the worst victim of this situation. Dishonest businessmen take the benefit of this situation and these sorts of businessmen are mainly responsible for this kind of horrible condition which certainly possesses threat to our domestic economy. Besides, there are some logical reasons behind this unexpected price hike though these can be removed by taking adequate preventive steps. The prices of the essential commodities have gone beyond the capacity of the general people. Some corporations like: BSTI, Anti Corruption Branch, RAB, POLICE are working on it. The authority concerned should have been informed to control the situation at any time at any cost. PRICE HIKE OF ESSENTIAL COMMODITIES There was a big price hike of essentials in Bangladesh in the months of September and October. We all experienced it in the market while shopping. All the newspapers of the country published the news with great concern. The hike was a widely talked about subject everywhere in Bangladesh. The prices of almost all the essential commodities rose beyond the reach of the poor and the middle class people. The most expensive items were vegetables, specially brinjal and green chilli. The price hike was caused by the prolonged untimely flood in the country. The holy month of Ramadan also contributed a lot to it, because people, during this month, try to buy and consume some of these items more than in other months. The flood had damaged our crops and disrupted rail and road communication. This also worsened the problem. Some dishonest businessmen made the best use of the situation. They earned illegal and immoral profits at the cost of our suffering. The common people, who always bear the brunt of price hike, reacted patiently. They knew that they were helpless. I felt for the poor people, but I had nothing to do. The government formed monitoring cells to control the price hike. The law enforcing agencies were deployed to fight corruption. Import of essentials was encouraged by the government through tax-cuts. But nothing seemed to prove fruitful. The rich and the business class should come forward to ensure proper distribution of the commodities. Now we should do research work to overcome price hikes in future. PRIZE GIVING CEREMONY OF MY COLLEGE The last prize giving ceremony of our college is still very fresh in my memory. It was held on the first week of February last year. The DC of our district had consented to preside over the occasion. We decorated our college premises with flowers and festoons. When the DC arrived he was accorded guard of honour by the BNCC of our college. The proceedings began with the holy Quran Telawat. Then our national anthem was sung when all of us kept standing up. The principal read out his annual report. He recalled the progress that had been carried through during the past years, the achievements of our present and ex-students in various fields of activity. Then the main ceremony began. The principal called each recipient of award by name, announced the subject in which the award was made and the place of honour he occupied. I got two prizes -one for my standing first in the last annual examination and the other in sports. When the prizes were awarded, the cheering crowd greeted the recipients with applause which was loud enough to be heard miles away. With the complimentary speech of the president, the function came to an end. When I remember the day I feel very happy and wish to have the day again so that I can get prizes. PUNCTUALITY Punctuality means the habit of doing a thing at the right time. A punctual man gets ample time in his life. He can do many things. A punctual student learns his lessons in time and finds no difficulty in the examination. He never lags behind in the class. He can follow his lessons from beginning to end. It saves his time. He has not to labour so much. He need not work hard at the time of examination. He makes a better performance with a minimum amount of labour. Punctuality crowns him with brilliant success in life. An unpunctual man is an enemy to himself. He is a nuisance to everyone. He is disliked by all. He suffers for that. If he gives word to his friends and cannot keep it, he may lose his friends. An unpunctual clerk loses his job. An unpunctual man cannot even say his prayers in time. The habit of punctuality requires long careful training. So the habit should be practised quite early in life. Once the habit is formed its utility will be apparent in every sphere of life. So let us develop the habit of punctuality so that we can do the maximum work within the span of life. POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. Three things ---- objects, forces and conditions together make our environment. It includes both natural and man-made objects, forces and conditions. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution and then life becomes difficult or impossible. Every year millions of people all over the world die unnecessary as a result of pollution. These unfortunate and avoidable deaths are brought about by four specific factors. Firstly, air pollution from factories, burning trash and vehicle fumes cause pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Then, water pollution from industrial discharge, the indiscriminate disposal to toxic chemicals and the dumping of human waste into rivers and canals causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. The next factor is the noise pollution from vehicle horns and microphones that might cause aggression and damage hearing. Again, odour pollution from dumped or untreated human waste causes serious discomfort to our sense of smell, and attracts disease-bearing creatures such as rats and flies. Soil pollution is also another important aspect. Factory waste, nuclear explosion, oil etc pollute the soil. Polluted soil can’t grow crops. We should bear in mind that if the environment is polluted, none of us will remain safe. We should take determined action to control these problems and clean up the environment to avert these unnecessary diseases. R A Railway Station: A terminal for passengers A railway platform/station is the place where trains stop at and depart from. The passengers get on and get off a train from a railway station/platform. It usually occupies a large area. A railway station has a platform. However a big railway station has a number of platforms. Platforms are often covered with huge tin-shed. If there are more than one platform, an over-bridge connects them. In a railway station/platform there are some rooms too, namely station master’s room, waiting room, restaurant, go-down, booking office, ticket counter. There are some benches in the rail way station/platform for the convenience of the travelling passengers. One can also see some stalls in a row selling cheaper kinds of books, newspapers, magazines etc. snacks and tea and even stationary goods. Besides, a large number of hawkers can be seen busily moving from passengers to passengers with cigarettes, betel leaf, bread, chanachur etc. We find some beggars, thieves, swindlers and pickpockets in that place too. A railway platform/ station becomes very busy when a train arrives. Whistles of the train, rustling sound of the engine, movements of the passengers in a hurry, shouts of the hawkers and porters make the railway station/platform full of din and bustle. When the train whistles away, the station becomes calm and quiet. All these pictures taken together remind us of the famous line of the poet, “Man may come and man may go, I go on forever”. This coming and going sustain the flow of life. Of course, a railway station/platform is a very busy and important place. A RAINY DAY In the rainy season sometimes, it so happens that it rains all day long. On such a day the sky remains overcast with clouds. The weather becomes foul. The sun is not seen. Sometimes it drizzles, sometimes it pitters-patters and some times it pours down heavily. The unmetalled roads become muddy and slippery. Water stands on them here and there. None can go out without an umbrella. People walk along the roads with shoes in hand and clothes folded up. The cattle are kept in their sheds. Birds remain sitting on trees. People in general have nothing to do. Poor day labourers suffer much. They cannot go out to work. The people working in offices take the trouble of going to offices in the rain. But such a day is most welcome to the school goers. They do not care to go to school taking some troubles. It is a day full of thoughts and memories to a poet. He or she loves to hear songs and gets lost in his or her thoughts. Though a rainy day is a dull day, it is a blessing after the scorching heat of summer. So the day is welcomed by all. Causes and Effects of Road Accident Road transport in Bangladesh is very popular for various reasons, but the condition of Bangladesh roads is very poor and deplorable. The rate at road-accidents and fatality in the country is very high. Pressure on roads has been on increase and the number of vehicles is increasing by leaps and bounds. Overloading is one of the major factors of road- accidents and deaths. Driving licenses are given on illegal gratifications to the authorities and traffic rules and regulations are thrown to the winds. Lack of road-sense has further complicated the matters. The condition of the vehicles is hardly found road-worthy. The unmanned railway level- crossings further add to the chaos and confusion. The multiplicity of authorities and utter lack of coordination among them is another great source of worry. Drug-abuse and addiction by drivers is another major cause of accidents. The ever increasing use of mobile phones has posed a new challenge to road-safety. lmmediate and effective steps should be taken to check the ever increasing number of road-accidents and death. The effects can be anything from a dent to death, of the drivers, passengers, and occupants of other cars or pedestrians, damage to vehicles. It can be financial loss, psychological, punishment by law or death also. To prevent these accidents, it is imperative that effective long and short term measures are immediately taken. Roads should be properly maintained and looked after. There should be multi-lane roads wherever necessary. There should be separate tracks for slow moving vehicles from those of fast and very fast moving vehicles. There should be an effective check on speed of the vehicles. Violation of traffic rules should be strictly dealt with. Grant of driving licenses and permits to vehicles should be properly streamlined. Those driving under the influence of drugs and alcohol should be given exemplary punishment and their licenses cancelled. A RAILWAY PORTER One can be certain to find a porter visiting a railway station. One can easily spot him in a crowd as he wears his uniform and is seen carrying luggage from one platform to another. A railway porter is a familiar figure in a railway station. He is in his uniform. He always bears his registration number. He generally moves around and looks for passengers who might need his help. When the train arrives he becomes very busy, moves from this compartment to that one in search of luggage of the passengers. Generally a porter is a healthy person and expert in carrying goods and luggage. He has always a piece of cloth with him for putting the goods on his head. A railway porter knows very well about the railway timing and helps the passengers. He most of the time wants to get more from the passengers beyond the fixed rate. A porter generally obeys the command of the leader, ‘the sardar’. A railway porter works very hard to make a living. He is not rich and, at times, he and his family have to face many hardships. Sometimes, in spite of working for many days, they still find it difficult to make ends meet. We should realise how hard his job really is. So, everyone of us should be kind and thoughtful towards him. A RAILWAY PORTER One can be certain to find a porter visiting a railway station. One can easily spot him in a crowd as he wears his uniform and is seen carrying luggage from one platform to another. A railway porter is a familiar figure in a railway station. He is in his uniform. He always bears his registration number. He generally moves around and looks for passengers who might need his help. When the train arrives he becomes very busy, moves from this compartment to that one in search of luggage of the passengers. Generally a porter is a healthy person and expert in carrying goods and luggage. He has always a piece of cloth with him for putting the goods on his head. A railway porter knows very well about the railway timing and helps the passengers. He most of the time wants to get more from the passengers beyond the fixed rate. A porter generally obeys the command of the leader, ‘the sardar’. A railway porter works very hard to make a living. He is not rich and, at times, he and his family have to face many hardships. Sometimes, in spite of working for many days, they still find it difficult to make ends meet. We should realise how hard his job really is. So, everyone of us should be kind and thoughtful towards him. A RAILWAY STATION A railway station is a halting place for trains. There are normally a station building, a big shed and a platform in a railway station. The station-building is used for booking office, ticket counter, station master’s office, waiting rooms etc. There are tea-stalls, book-stalls and moving shops in a railway station. A few wooden or concrete benches are a common sight in a railway station. Coloured posters, advertisement etc are displayed on the walls of a railway station. The rail-lines run by the one side of a railway station and on the other, there is a bus or rickshaw stop for the passenger of different places to start from. A railway station is a place for people to start or end journey. It looks busy when the trains arrive. Passengers remain busy to catch trains or get down from trains. Railway porters become busy to find a job. The rail police, ticket checkers, station master --- all become busy with their specific responsibilities. It becomes a place of great din and bustle with the rush of passengers, the whistle of the trains, the roar of engine, the conversations of people and what not. THE LIFE OF A RICKSHAW PULLER A person who pulls rickshaw for earning his livelihood is called a rickshaw puller. A rickshaw puller is a common sight on the streets of our towns and cities. They are mostly found crowding at corners of roads, near stations, cinema halls etc. They draw the attention of passengers by ringing bells or shouting. Most of the rickshaw pullers are so poor that they have no rickshaw of their own. They hire rickshaws from the rickshaw owners. What they earn a day is given to the owners at a fixed rate. A rickshaw puller is hard working and always punctual. He pulls the rickshaw from dawn to late hours at night. He is careless of the sun, rain or heat and cold. He maintains his family with the small income he earns daily. Sometimes he is to starve when he fails to get a rickshaw on hire. He puts on poor and shabby dress. Since he earns a small income, he has to eat less and so he is of ill health. He can hardly meet his both ends. He leads a very miserable life. A rickshaw puller is indeed, an important person in times of our need. Concerted efforts should be launched to improve the lifestyle of the rickshaw pullers. A Railway Station A railway station is a halting and starting place for the trains. In the railway station, there are booking room, station master's room, ticket counters and waiting rooms both for men and women. Some permanent shops and restaurants are also found in a railway station. It has a platform for passengers to get down and to get into the trains. When a train is scheduled to come in a railway station, it becomes a busy and noisy place. A few minutes before the arrival of the train, the station bell rings. Passengers stand in a line to collect tickets. The booking clerk becomes busy in selling tickets. The hawkers try to entertain the passengers by selling bread, banana, betel-leaf, cigarettes, magazines and papers. The porters are busy taking out luggage. In almost every station there is a book stall where one can buy a magazine or a newspaper or any other book. When the train comes into the station, it becomes noisier. Train doors become crowded. Passengers jostle and wrestle with one another to get into the train and to get off it. The station bell rings once more, the green flag of the guard is hoisted and waved, the train leaves the station. After departure of the train, the station becomes calm, quiet and lifeless again. A Rainy Day A rainy day is a day when it rains all day long continuously Bangladesh is a dream land having six seasons. The rainy season is one of them. So a rainy day is very common to the people of Bangladesh. The sky remains cloudy. The sun is not seen on the day. The day is dull and gloomy. The weather is foul on a rainy day. Sometimes it rains heavily. Roads become muddy and slippery .So people can't move freely and easily from one place to another. They need an umbrella. An umbrella is the only companion of the people in a rainy day. Birds stay in their nests and cattle keep standing in their sheds. A rainy day is a great curse to the day labourers, the slum dwellers, the rootless and the poor. They can not go out the doors in search of works. As a result, they pass a rainy day with starvation. The student welcomes a rainy day because classes are not held on the day. The boys catch fish in a rainy day. The rich enjoy the day by playing indoor games and eating khichuri and rich dishes. Sometimes, a rainy day causes flood and damages crops. Since a rainy day is jobless, most people pass the day by gossiping ,playing indoor games, singing songs and telling interesting stories, jokes and riddles. After all , a rainy day gives us both joy and sorrow. After a rainy day, the nature becomes fresh and nice.

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PTE, Take preparation for PTE, Tests for PTE, Exercise and Practice Pearson Language Tests This article contains content that is written like an advertisement . Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view . (July 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Pearson Language Tests is a unit of the Pearson PLC group, dedicated to assessing and validating the English language usage of non-native English speakers. The tests include PTE Academic, PTE General (formerly known as London Tests of English)[1] and PTE Young Learners. These are scenario-based exams, accredited by the QCA , Ofqual,[2] and administered in association with Edexcel , the world's largest examining body. In 2009, Pearson Language Tests launched the Pearson Test of English Academic (PTE Academic)[4] (Ref.) which is endorsed by Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC), the organisation responsible for the GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test).[5] The test score has been aligned to the levels defined in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) . PTE Academic is delivered through the Pearson Virtual User Environment (VUE) centres which are also responsible for delivering the GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test) worldwide. Upon release, it was recognized by nearly 6,000 organizations.[6] For instance, the test is approved for use by the Australia Border Agency and the Australian Department of Immigration and Citizenship for visa applications.[7] The test is predominantly read by a computer rather than a human grader to reduce waiting times of the results for students.[6] Pearson Test of English Academic The Pearson Test of English Academic ([1] ) is an English language test designed to assess the readiness of non-native English speakers to participate in a university-level English language instruction program. Pearson created PTE Academic in response to demand from institutions, government and other organizations for a more accurate way of testing non - native English language students who enter the English-speaking academia world.[8] PTE Academic is endorsed by the Graduate Management Admission Council . Amongst other universities, London Business School in the UK, Harvard Business School , Stanford Graduate School of Business , and Yale University in the United States accept PTE Academic scores. Other institutions in other countries, including Spain, France, and China, have also signed up to accept PTE Academic. These include leading business schools such as INSEAD and HEC Paris in France, IESE , IE Business School and ESADE in Spain and SDA Bocconi in Italy. In addition to the business schools, there are also a number of arts and music colleges who accept the exam's scores.[9] In February 2013, opened a new test center in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia in association with the Malaysian British Educational Cooperation Services. It is a computer-based exam which focuses on real-life English used in academic surroundings. This is to say that integrated language is used throughout the test and students will listen to a variety of accents and academic language which they will encounter at English-speaking higher education institutions.[11] The exam will include an unmarked voice recording of the candidate, which is part of advanced biometric data that should assist institutions in verifying the identity of candidates and should aid them with their admission decisions.[12] The test will be a maximum of 3 hours long and takers can expect their results to be delivered to them, online, within 5 working days. Test scores are reported on the Global Scale of English, a standardized, numeric scale from 10 to 90 which can measure English language proficiency more precisely with reference to the widely known set of levels distinguished in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages , or CEFR.[13] Structure The Pearson Test of English Academic comprises 3 sections: i) Speaking & Writing ii) Reading and iii) Listening. Here is the detailed paper pattern: Section Duration PTE Academic Speaking & Writing77 – 93 minutes Personal Introduction Read Aloud Repeat sentence Describe image Re-tell lecture Answer short question Summarise written text (10 mins) Essay (20mins) Reading32 – 41 minutes Reading and Writing: Fill in the blanks Multiple-choice, choose multiple answers Re-order paragraphs Reading: Fill in the blanks Multiple-choice, choose single answer A 10-minute break is optional Listening45 – 57 minutes Summarise spoken text Multiple-choice, choose multiple answers Fill the blanks Highlight the correct summary Multiple choices, choose a single answer Select missing word Highlight incorrect words Write from dictation PTE General PTE General (formerly known as the London Test of English) or Pearson English International Certificate (as of December 2020)[14] is an international English language examination for speakers of English as a foreign language (EFL ). It is developed by Pearson Language Tests and administered by Edexcel, the exams are accredited by QCA , the Qualification and Curriculum Authority.[15] In some countries (e.g. Poland, Greece) the oral interview is assessed by locally trained assessors, whereas in other countries (e.g. France, Italy) they are entirely graded in London. Pearson English International Certificate is consistent with a theme-based exam designed to test how well a learner can communicate in authentic and realistic situations, and not on how well they remember formal vocabulary and structures. For this reason, the tests use real-life scenarios rather than pedantic grammatical exercises. They test the four skills: reading, writing, listening and speaking. There are six levels which are mapped to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages . The Framework was developed by the Council of Europe to enable language learners, teachers, universities or potential employers to compare and relate language qualifications by level. Authority (QCA).[15]

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Writings submitted by my students to be published in Babar English This page is dedicated to the exemplary writings of the students who have undertaken a Herculean task of transforming the conventional writing of general students into advanced level. Essay Question — You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic. Bullying is a big problem in many schools. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. You should write at least 250 words. Answer — One of the pressing concerns in today’s world, particularly among the youngsters, is that of bullying. It is truly an alarming issue and should be dealt with immediately in order to create harmony among the juveniles and to form a stronger bond among them. In this essay I will present some of the factors causing this issue and a few possible solutions to mitigate it. One of the first reasons for which students in schools become bullies is that they feel isolated from the society which not only severely injures their mental health but also starts to form resentment in them. If a society is not inclusive, many young people will feel disconnected from its members including their peers and in order to vent out this frustration of theirs, they may resort to bullying in schools as it is easier for them to pick on others of the same age or younger. Making them feel more welcome, for example, is one of the solutions that can positively impact the mind of youngsters which will bring them to the realization that bullying is a heinous act. Schools can play a great role in this regard as they are a mini society themselves and a hub for social development and raising awareness. Besides, these delinquents are also susceptible to peer pressure resulting in a negative impact on their character: making them arrogant, aggressive, rude, argumentative; all of which leads to conflict that develops into small fights and eventually ends up into bullying. These juveniles, in my opinion, are more of a need of counselling rather than punishment which may worsen the situation, and schools are the best places for students to receive it. Proper counselling can completely transform a bully into a person who not only refrain from bullying but also condemns bullying and plays an active role in abolishing such harassment from the school. In a nutshell, there are as many solutions to abolishing bullying as there are factors that breed it. It is very important to deal with the matter in a progressive manner and resort to the correct solutions at the correct times in order to permanently drive it away. ( This essay has been written by Shadman Rahman, a student of Bangladesh MHM school and College , Doha, Qatar) Paragraph Writing Global warming The world climate is an intriguing research subject for scientists all over the world and a major part of this research is concerning the phenomenon called “Global warming.” The steady rise of the atmospheric temperature over a long period of time due to the increased concentration of greenhouse gases is known as global warming. Global warming is unavoidable as it is caused by both man-made and natural factors, but the severity of this phenomenon can be controlled by taking necessary measures. Due to global warming extreme weather conditions persist for a longer period of time as well as the intensity is increased to life threatening levels. Furthermore, the natural flow of the ecosystem is disrupted due to the rising ocean acidity caused by the absorption of additional carbon dioxide from the air. Besides, unplanned deforestation not only accelerates global warming but also causes the extinction of various animal species. Air, water and soil is polluted to an incomprehensible extent and it directly affects the living condition of the people all around the world. The glaciers and ice caps are melting due to increased ocean temperature. As a result, the sea level is rising exponentially resulting in coastal erosion which inundates community and residential properties. Thus, it is seen that the lives of every living being is being endangered due to global warming. In order to put a halt to the consistent increase in temperature people need to reduce the use of fossil fuels. Because it is the main factor behind the excess emission of green-house gases and carbon dioxide. Also, different seminars and programs should be arranged to make people aware of the consequences of global warming. The government should encourage people to use renewable sources of energy by making it affordable and efficient for everyone. The judicial departments need to be strengthened so that matters regarding unplanned deforestation, toxic waste release and badly maintained vehicles are resolved within a short period of time. If the people and the governing bodies of every country concern themselves with this topic, then humanity can expect to make progress in reducing the negative effects of global warming. ( This paragraph has been written by Akif, a student of Bangladesh MHM school and College , Doha, Qatar) Paragraph Writing A Book Fair As learning plays a quintessential role in every individual's life, it is more of an obligation for us to improve our learning skills by means of various genres of books available. To achieve this goal, books fairs are deemed to be one of the best spots to collect all the finest books that works as a gateway to quench our thirst for knowledge. A book fair is essentially similar to a festival for those who value books more than anything else. It provides us with the opportunity to hunt down the rarest collection of books under every category. Even more surprising, the book stalls not only feature books of all sorts but also provide educational tools of varying degrees. For instance, publishing houses dedicated to children often provide educational toys in addition to children's books. Such measures spark an eagerness in children to read books more and more. Fairs also provide parents with the opportunity to engage in reading with the children in regular cycles. Because of its immeasurable importance, there is hardly any country that does not host a book fair. Based on the number of publishing houses represented and the number of visitors, Frankfurter Buchmesse, or Frankfurt Book Fair, has earned the record to be the world's largest book fair that opens its doors to a long queue of eagerly waiting bibliophiles from every corner of the world. Besides, In our country, the most prominent book fair is known as the "Ekushey Book Fair '', which is a month-long event that takes place every year. The event is organised under the supervision and organisation of Bangla Academy. It is sponsored and supported by separate government entities as well. The book fair witnesses a large participation of publishing houses, libraries, cultural institutions, research centres, associations, universities and whatnot. Apart from book stalls, separate arts and crafts workshops are also lined up in the vicinity for visitors to enjoy the intricate craftsmanship displayed around the stalls. In addition to selling affordable books, book sellers offer a rich selection of manuscripts, dictionaries, encyclopedias, artist books, magazines, as well as ancient literary pieces. There are seminars, panel discussions, presentations, author meet-ups, etc to keep the exhibitors and visitors engaged and to disseminate further knowledge. A book fair, therefore, instills a love of reading that lasts a lifetime. It brings publishers, agents, distributors, retailers and book lovers together on a single platform. On top of that, it gives an opportunity to reflect our appreciation for all the hardworking writers out there. It is with deep sorrow that most of the book fairs across the world are shrinking in size and it is our duty to find ways to establish a great deal of scope for this event to flourish once again. ( This paragraph has been written by Habiba , a student of Bangladesh MHM school and College , Doha, Qatar) PRICE HIKE "Syndicate of traders behind broiler chicken price hike”, “Price hike causing a drastic increase in the prices of essentials in Bangladesh”, “Onions to remain expensive for another month”, “Price hike of essentials weigh down on 90% people" : Bold fonts plastered on daily headlines and blaring news titles have effectively introduced us all to the highlight of our crumbling socioeconomic status: price hike. It has grown country so lastingly and frequently akin to our daily lives that the people of our country aren't even phased by it any longer, they have grudgingly learned to accept the soaring prices of the daily market. In essence, price hike refers to the drastic or sudden increase in prices, rates, taxes or various other quantities. In spans from food to accommodation, education, health treatments, facilities; in short, all necessities foe the citizens. The arbitrariness of our market systems and the lack of economic general formulas birth the opportunities for these tremendous increases in the prices of various necessities. Bangladesh, a country still on her primary stages of development, houses countless middle-income and poor people, struggling to provide the bare necessities for survival. And when the prices of goods increase abnormally, it is akin to rubbing salt to our open wounds. As per the natural rule of economy, it is only expected that prices of goods will gradually increase. This is called inflation, and it eventuates when the value of money decreases. However, price hike is quite different, as it means not the price growth of everything, rather a higher increase in the price of a single product or service. In accordance to our country's demographic, the causes of price hike are many and ever increasing. Some of the most dreaded ones are: decrease of production, increase of money supply, hoarding, black marketing, syndicating, population explosion, moral degradation, natural calamities and many more. Basic necessities are on constant demand, and any shortage on that supply triggers the increase of prices. Often times, this spike is intentional to gain profit. In spite of Bangladesh suffering from severe food security, the syndicates of ruthless self-catering businesses tend to aggravate the situation even more, lustfully aiming to make more money and lining their pockets in the name of insufficient supply. Shortage of required supply, hindrance in the local production, import deficits, paired with the lack of proper distribution of goods result in these disastrous price spike. Moreover, just as rule and regulations do not work in our market fields, so does the lack of ethics. In a civilized society, the prices of daily commodities are reduced or stabilized. However, in our oh-so-stable economy, the advent of any major religious or national upcomings are the perfect excuses for the prices of goods to soar to the stars. Not only that, people are down to pin any reason for hiking the prices, be it rains, strikes, blockades, epidemics, even elections. Of course, there is also the surge in the prices in the international market. And in the midst of it this whirlwind of sky-rocketing prices and the cunning claws of money-crazed madmen, it is the low middle income, poor and destitute of our country who bear the brunt of it all. Downcast, forlorn and without a voice to speak on their own, they are the ones subjected to suffer in silence as the ability to meet their daily necessities gets harder each passing day. They are forced to cut down on their already measly spending and resort to cheaper, at times even health depreciating, alternatives. It is absolutely abhorring of the government to simply stand by and let this atrocity reign. They have a God-bestowed responsibility to protect the rights of the citizens and consumers. Necessary measures have to be taken to prevent the destabilization of the market through stocks, syndicates or any unethical means. They have to take the highest local position in setting the prices without prioritizing the demands of the traders. Consumers need to be properly informed of the reasons of price hike. Effective steps are to be taken to curb every notorious syndicate cycles. Other measures include: increase of production, decrease of money supply and public expenditure, providing self-employment opportunities, population management etc. It is an obligation upon the government to initiate immediate action in keeping the overall market stable by uncovering the reasons behind unbridled price hikes on essential commodities. Then, and only then, will the betterment of our socio-economy manifest before us as we aspire for a stable and convenient market field for all. ( This paragraph has been written by Shafia , a student of Bangladesh MHM school and College , Doha, Qatar) Essay Writing Artificial Intelligence: Pros and Cons From the beginning of the human race, invention of new technologies or ideas as well as discovery of resources are usual processes that are being carried out continuously for ensuring human survival, advancement, and comfort. Following these steps of development, our world has seen different ages—ancient age, mediaeval age, colonial age, early modern age—which are incomparable to our present modern time, where computational technologies are one of the robust contributors to take our earth to the next level. Artificial intelligence—the field of science concerned with building computers or machines that can reason, solve, and determine various problems using their own intelligence—is undoubtedly an astounding invention and researching facts introduced by modern science. This subject deals with various topics: algorithms, machine learning, programming, cybersecurity, neural networks, customers' recommendations, automation, language processing, robotics, and computer vision. Nowadays, people irrespective of gender are highly busy with their occupations, and managing household activities has turned life stressful. However, robots planned with artificial intelligence can provide assistance to accomplish the public's daily activities with great accuracy and skills. One of the finest examples of this can be a cooking robot, which is designed to cook every day's meal for its owners, allowing them to get comfort and sufficient rest by discarding this daily tension. Another crucial role played by AI is determining perpetrators and detecting criminal events; often it is made plausible that in future robots with AI can act as a person's bodyguard. Thus, the rapid augmentation of security by AI can aid us in depreciating crime rates and building an offence-free society. Moreover, it is nothing unnatural to believe the concept that AI would take part in the decision-making process, accepting every individual's preference for guiding them throughout their way of life in maximum efficiency. Despite having a considerable number of advantages, it has nevertheless got cutthroat demerits. Many critics have identified that upgrading AI to a great extent might be a dire threat for human beings. The tendency of AI to always be positive can frequently clash with humans or other creatures' emotions, which is predicted to initiate a future war with mankind and artificial intelligence. Also, highly programmed robots gain the ability for self-satisfaction and bear the potential for creating several issues: murder, looting, destruction, arson, and manipulating diverse situations. To conclude, it is necessary to say that upgrading AI to such an extent would require further decades of development. As a result, their unpredictable actual results are giving birth to various myths and rumours lacking any evidence. However, like every technology, undoubtedly AI has pros and cons that need to be identified, and they should be utilised accordingly. ( This essay has been written by Jabid , a student of Bangladesh MHM school and College , Doha, Qatar)

Explore our Students' Feedback page to read honest reviews, testimonials, and success stories. Discover how learners have benefited and share your own experience with us!" ALL THE INFO What You Need to Know I believe you must bring your whole self to the table if you want to thrive in today’s crazy world; your personality, your sense of humor, and most importantly, your heart. All of these elements brought me to start babarenglish. Ever since I launched this project, the blog has been thriving and has quickly gained a loyal following. To see what I’ve been up to, browse my site, learn about my passions, and explore what excites and interests you as well. About the teacher My name is Fakhruddin Babar, and I am an Assistant Professor specializing in English. For the past twenty years, I have dedicated myself to teaching English as a second language. My academic journey began at Chittagong University, Bangladesh where I earned a Master's degree in English Language and Literature in 2009. Following this, I pursued further studies in London for two years, enhancing my expertise in English. My teaching career spans various educational levels, including schools, colleges, and universities. To solidify my proficiency as an English instructor, I completed the CELTA course from Cambridge University, a globally recognized qualification for teaching English. Beyond teaching, I hold a Post Graduate Diploma in Management Studies and engage in small-scale business activities. This business diploma has proven invaluable, particularly in teaching Business English courses, as it equips me with the relevant knowledge to address specific industry needs. I am passionate about continually improving my English skills. I enjoy watching English movies and TV series, exploring presentations on Ted.com, and reading English books. Occasionally, I organize English club meetings with friends, providing an opportunity for us to converse and enhance our language skills in a social setting. With extensive experience in preparing students for the IELTS examination, I have attended seminars conducted by Andrew Thomas, an IELTS Principal Examiner. These seminars focused on maximizing IELTS scores through a detailed analysis of test tasks and assessment criteria, and on bridging the gap between test preparation and language skill development. The primary joy in my profession comes from the deep satisfaction of helping others achieve their dreams. Many of my students have gained admission to foreign universities, often securing scholarships. Others have successfully passed interviews for international companies after completing Business English training, and many have achieved their target band scores in the IELTS exam. Teaching, for me, is not just a job but a profound calling. It allows me to impact lives positively by helping individuals reach their personal and professional goals. This commitment to education and continuous improvement drives my passion for teaching English and ensures that I stay updated with the latest methodologies and resources in the field. Whether in the classroom, through business language courses, or in preparation for exams like IELTS, my goal is to provide my students with the tools they need to succeed in an increasingly globalized world. Degree BA (Honours) in English Language and Literature MA in English Language and Literature Certificates CELTA ( Cambridge University) Master Teachers' Training Success stories I have taught hundreds of students for last more than one decade and amazingly most of the students achieved their desired score while some of them even scored 8.5 in IELTS examination. For any suggestion, comment, complaint or recommendation please feel free to let me know at-babarfeni@yahoo.com

Graphs, Charts Description for SSC, HSC and Other Examination

Sentence combination, combining sentences, combining sentences for better writing Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Combining / Joining Sentences Exercise-5.1

Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Helvetica Light is an easy-to-read font, with tall and narrow letters, that works well on almost every site.

Helvetica Light is an easy-to-read font, with tall and narrow letters, that works well on almost every site.

HSC-English-2nd-Paper-All- Questions- and- Answers HSC English 2nd Paper Board Questions Reduced English Syllabus 2022 Suggestion and Practice Sheet Theme/Summary Writing Synonyms and Antonyms HSC English 2nd Exam Strategies HSC 2025 FULL SYLLABUS CLICK ON THE LINK https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1QFiRZR2DBEYeFSvg3LwFNM0-1ZBEHGE_?usp=share_link HSC English 2nd Paper Q. No-1 ARTICLE Q. No-2 PREPOSTION Q. No-3 WITH CLUES (SPECIAL USE OF WORDS) Q. No-4 SENTENCE COMPLETION Q. No-5 RIGHT FORMS OF VERB Q. No-6 TRANSFORMATION Q. No-7 NARRATION Q. No-8 PRONOUN Q. No-9 MODIFIER Q. No-10 CONNECTOR Q. No-11 SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS Q. No-12 PUNCTUATION Q. No-13 APPLICATION Q. No-14 REPORT Q. No-15 PARAGRAPH Q. No-16 COMPOSITION Updated Version Q. No-1 ARTICLE Q. No-2 PREPOSITION Q. No-3 WITH CLUES (SPECIAL USE OF WORDS) Q. No-4 SENTENCE COMPLETION Q. No-5 RIGHT FORMS OF VERB Q. No-6 TRANSFORMATION Q. No-7 NARRATION Q. No-8 PRONOUN Q. No-9 MODIFIER Q. No-10 CONNECTOR Q. No-11 SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS Q. No-12 PUNCTUATION Q. No-13 APPLICATION Q. No-14 REPORT Q. No-15 PARAGRAPH Q. No-16 COMPOSITION Writing Skills for Examination Pargraph Writing Paragraph Collections Application Letter Writing Story Writing Graph, Chart, Diagram Describing Dialogue Writing Essay/Composition Writing Essay/Composition Collections E-mail CV with Cover Letter Report Writing Amplification Writing Notice Writing Purchase Order Writing Complaint Letter Writing Important Pargraphs for Exam Important Applications for Exam Important Letters for Exam Important Stories for Exam Bar Graphs for Exam Pie Charts for Exam Important Dialogues for Exam Important Compositions for Exam Writing Important Informal E-mails for Exam Important formal E-mails for Exam CV with Cover Letter Report Writing Amplification Writing Notice Writing Purchase Order Writing Complaint Letter Writing

Best Writing Skills for Examination, Improving writing skill How to write better English Writing assessment criteria Your Writing is basically assessed based on four criteria: Task Achievement (TA) = how well you answer the question. ... Coherence and Cohesion (CC) = how well is your text structured. ... Lexical Resource (LR) = how good is your vocabulary. ... Grammatical Range and Accuracy (GRA) = how good is your grammar. Task Response In this criterion, the type of response that you write for the essay type question is determined. It assesses the main idea of your essay and the way you develop it with relative examples. To score better: pay attention to ALL issues in the essay question write about the issues rather than just the general topic answer the essay question with relevant main points plan your supporting points so they don’t go off the topic write required number of words Coherence & Cohesion This writing criterion determines the proper use of linking words, paragraphing skills and use of cohesive devices (for example, connectors, conjunctions) is determined. Also, the number of paragraphs is taken into consideration. Dividing your essay into more or fewer paragraphs might lower your score. To score better: have either four or five paragraphs but not more and not less this means you should have two or three body paragraphs only have just one central topic in each body paragraph organise your ideas logically use a range of linking words avoid errors in linking words Lexical Resource Under this criterion, the use of a sufficient range of vocabulary, proper spellings, correct implementation of collocations, and word formation are taken care of while scoring. You must avoid using wrong words and informal language. To score better: pay attention to collocations paraphrase carefully to avoid errors use a range of words appropriate for the topic spell words correctly avoid making errors avoid using informal language Grammatical Range & Accuracy To score this criterion, things taken into consideration include sentence structures, proper use of tenses, putting right punctuations, use of simple as well as complex statements with clear ideas, and control over Grammar. To score better: use a wide range of grammatical structures pay attention to word order in your sentences use a range of sentence structures use the correct punctuation avoid errors in grammar Key tools to Bring Variety to Your Writing Pre-test on writing tools Pre-test on Writing Tools Answers Opening Adjective Delayed Adjective Opening Adverb Delayed Adverb Absolute Phrase Appositive Phrase Prepositional Phrase Participial Phrase Gerund Phrase Infinitive Phrase Clause Types (Independent, Dependent) Noun Clause Adjective Clause Adverb Clause Subject-Verb Split Mix Opener Mix Closer Mix Examples of Single tools Examples Multiplying the Tools Other Mix Comma Semicolon Colon Dash Review: Colon, Semicolon, Dash Conjunctions to start sentences Inversion Relatives Conditionals Parallel structure The Passive Impersonal Structure Using Models Some points to bring variety in sentence Simple with complex grammar Different sentence length combining Larger and shorter sentences Cleft Sentences Find out which writing tools (above mentioned) are used in the following sentences: 1. Fudge, a portly little man in a long, pinstriped cloak, looked cold and exhausted. 2. At daybreak on a fine summer’s morning, when the Riddle House had still been well kept and impressive, a maid had entered the drawing room to find all three Riddles dead. 3. The first thing they saw was Peeves the Poltergeist, who was floating upside down in mid air and stuffing the nearest keyhole with chewing gum. 4. Hating himself, repulsed by what he was doing, Harry forced the goblet back toward Dumbledore’s mouth and tipped it for Dumbledore to drink the remainder of the horrible potion inside. 5. To make Dudley feel better about eating “rabbit food,” Aunt Petunia had insisted that the whole family follow the same diet, too. 6. Slowly, very slowly, the snake raised its head until its eyes were on a level with Harry’s. 7. He raised the wand above his head and brought it swishing down through the dusty air as a stream of red and gold sparks shot from the end like a firework, throwing dancing spots of light onto the walls. 8. Harry knew that Dumbledore was going to refuse, that he would tell Riddle there would be plenty of time for practical demonstrations at Hogwarts, and that they were currently in a building full of Muggles and must therefore be cautious. 9. The gigantic snake was nearing Frank, and then, incredibly, miraculously, it passed him, following the spitting, hissing noises made by the cold voice beyond the door. 10. Furious, Harry threw his ingredients and his bag into his cauldron and dragged it up to the front of the dungeon to the empty table. 11. Soon, the crowd of gnomes in the field started walking away in a staggering line, their little shoulders hunched. 12. He raised the wand above his head and brought it swishing down through the dusty air as a stream of red and gold sparks shot from the end like a firework, throwing dancing spots of light onto the walls. 13. Conjuring up portable, waterproof fires was a specialty of Hermione’s. 14. Harry was on his feet again, furious, ready to fly at Dumbledore, who had plainly not understood Sirius at all. 15. Soon, the crowd of gnomes in the field started walking away in a staggering line, their little shoulders hunched. 16. Soon, the crowd of gnomes in the field started walking away in a staggering line, their little shoulders hunched, their steps unsteady from too many sips of elderberry wine. 17. Soon, the crowd of gnomes in the field started walking away in a stag- gering line, their little shoulders hunched. 18. Soon, after the revelry to celebrate the coming of the solstice and its magical light ended, the crowd of gnomes in the field started walking away in a staggering line, their little shoulders hunched. Writing Tools Answers appositive phrase prepositional phrase adjective clause participial phrase infinitive phrase opening adverb adverb clause noun clause delayed adverb opening adjective absolute phrase independent clause gerund phrase delayed adjective one absolute phrase multiple absolute phrases one absolute phrase, closer position one absolute phrase, closer position, plus an added adverb clause, opener position. Variety of Sentence Stucture Sentence Openers Some Samples of Writing Transformation Question These days, it seems that an increasing number of people are leaving rural areas to live in the city. Discuss some of the effects of rural depopulation (migration from the country to the city ) and suggest some ways on which this trend could be reversed. Model answer for achieving around 50% marks Rural depopulation is a very important issue in many parts of the world today. In this essay, I will discuss some of the main effects of this problem and also offer some possible solutions to it. Firstly, it is clear that migration away from the country negatively affects life in the city. Serious environmental and social problems often occur when cities become overcrowded. Problems such as air, water and noise pollution are increasing common in urban areas around the world because there are simply too many people living there. Pollution can make city life very uncomfortable indeed and can even cause illness. Beijing is a very good example of this. Overcrowding in cities can also lead high unemployment (especially in poorer parts of the world) and crime. In order to prevent people from moving away from the country and reduce the size of cities, I feel we make country life more attractive. In my view, the best way of doing this would be to improve services in the country. One of the main reasons that so many people have left the country is that facilities like shopping centres, cinemas, swimming pools, restaurants, libraries, schools and hospitals are generally batter in the city. If such facilities were available in the country, more people would choose to live there. Another effective solution would be for the government to subsidies businesses and workers who move the country. In conclusion, I believe we must all recognise how serious this problem is. For the sake of the environment and our own quality of life it is vital that we preserve rural communities. Model answer for achieving 80% marks While country towns were once vibrant and growing places, these days many appear to be dying as people move to the city in search of work and excitement. In this essay, I intend to discuss the impact of this problem as well as how more people could be encouraged to live in the rural areas. Surprisingly, the most serious consequences of rural depopulation are often felt in urban areas. As a result of overcrowding, cities throughout the word today are increasing prone to environment problems like air, water and noise pollution. Beijing is a particularly good example of this. Further, the uncontrolled growth of cities also gives rise to social problems such as high unemployment, crime and in less affluent countries, the creation of slums. Clearly, there is a limit to how many people can live in one area before living standards are negatively influenced. In order to stem the tide of rural depopulation, I believe we must first address its root causes. At the heart of the matter is the disparity between services and facilities in the country and those in the city. I firmly believe that urban and rural dwellers alike would find the idea of country life far more appealing if high quality shopping centres, cinemas, swimming pools, restaurants, libraries, schools and hospitals were more readily available in the country. One further method of attracting people to the country would be for government to provide financial incentives to business and professional workers who willingly relocate to rural areas. In reality, this problem is unlikely to be resolved in the short term. However, it is by no means insurmountable, and I am convinced that more people will choose the country as city life becomes less comfortable and more expensive. Story Writing The Mouse and the New Cat Basic English A mouse lives under the floorboards of an old house. A family moves in. The Mouse is upset to find the family owns a Cat. The Mouse considers moving to a new place. As he does so, the Cat starts speaking to him. The Cat tells the Mouse that he has no interest in him. He says that his owners feed him very well. Catching the Mouse is too much trouble. If the Mouse stays out of trouble, there will be no problems. The Mouse replies very politely. But because he is cautious, the Mouse sneaks under the floorboards and spies on the Cat. He sees the Cat sharpening his claws. The Cat has a deadly look in his eyes. When the Mouse sees this, he packs up his things to leave. The Mouse tells himself that the Cat may say anything, but this sight says a whole lot more. Intermediate English The Mouse and the New Cat There was a mouse who lived under the floorboards of an old house. When a family moved in, the mouse was concerned to learn they owned a Cat. He was considering moving to a new place, when the Cat appeared near his mousehole and started speaking to him. The Cat told the Mouse that he had no interest in trying to catch him. His owners fed him well enough, and he was too old to be chasing a mouse around. If the Mouse would just stay out of trouble, the Cat explained, they would have no problems. The Mouse politely thanked the Cat for his kind words. But because he was cautious, the Mouse snuck under the floorboards in the kitchen to spy on the Cat a little. While he was there, he saw the Cat sharpening his claws with a deadly look in his eyes. As soon as he saw this, the Mouse started packing his things. The Cat might say anything, the Mouse told himself, but what he just saw said a whole lot more. Advanced English The Mouse and the New Cat There once was a Mouse living under the floorboards of an old house. A family moved in, and the Mouse was chagrined to discover they had a Cat with them. The Mouse was mulling over the idea of moving to a new place when the Cat poked his head near the mousehole and started speaking to him. “I can smell you in there, little mouse,” the Cat told him, “and let me assure you I have no interest in you at all. I’m getting on in years, and my owners feed me so well that catching you would be more trouble than you’re worth. Just keep yourself out of the way down there and we’ll get along famously.” “Very well,” the Mouse replied courteously. But the Mouse was a cautious fellow, and he snuck under one of the floorboards in the kitchen where he could spy on the Cat through a little hole that he had made. Sure enough, he found the Cat carefully sharpening his claws with a murderous glint in his eyes. As soon as the Mouse saw this, he started packing his things to leave. “Let him say what he will,” the Mouse said to himself, “but what I just saw said a whole lot more!” Moral: Actions speak louder than words. The Two Hunters Basic English Two hunters are out looking for quail one day. One of them finds one and chases after it. It flies into a thick bush near a pond. He finds a second quail, but it also flies into the bush. He sits by the bush and waits. Sooner or later the birds have to leave their hiding place. An hour later, his friend comes by and finds him waiting there. The friend has a caught bird and shows it to him. The first hunter says he has two birds. He points to the bush and explains he will get the birds when they try to fly out. The friend offers to take a look in the bush. When they do, they do not find any birds. Instead, there is only a space where the two birds used to be. Intermediate English Two hunters were out looking for quail one day. The first hunter found one and chased after it, but it flew into a thick bush by a pond. Then he found a second quail, but it also flew into the bush. He sat by the bush and waited for a while. He thought to himself that sooner or later the birds would leave their hiding place and he could catch them. An hour or so later, the hunter’s friend came by and found him waiting. The friend showed the quail he’d caught and asked how the first hunter was doing. The first hunter said he’d caught two birds. He pointed to the bush and explained how he would catch them when they tried to fly out. The friend suggested they take a look inside to see whether the two birds were still in the bush. But when they did, they found no birds. They only found the place where the birds had hopped through the bush and flown off. Advanced English Two hunters were out trying to bag quail one day. The first hunter found one and chased after it, only to have it fly into a thick bush by a pond. Soon afterward he found a second quail, but it too fled into the bush. He sat by the bush for a while thinking that sooner or later the birds would have to leave, and he’d get them when they did. An hour or so later, the hunter’s friend came by and found him still waiting there for the birds. “I’ve bagged a good one,” the friend said, holding up a plump quail he’d caught, “How about you?” “I’ve got two,” the first hunter said. “Where?” his friend asked, looking around. “Right over there in that bush. I drove them in there a couple hours ago, and it’s just a matter of time before I get them both when they try to get away.” “Oh, you think you’ve got them both, do you?” the friend taunted him. “Let’s take a look.” When they checked the bush, however, they found nothing but a little space in the back where the two quails had long since hopped through the bush and flown away. Moral: A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.

writing for IELTS, writing practice for ielts, IELTS writing mock tests, tactics for IELTS writing, writing tests for IELTS IELTS WRITING Academic IELTS Writing Acadmic Task-1 Voabulary AC Task-1 Report Writing Writing Task-2 Eassy Writing IELTS Writing Essay-wise Ideas General Training IELTS Writing GT Task-1 Voabulary GT Task-1 Letter Writing Writing Task-2 Eassy Writing IELTS Writing Essay-wise Ideas Test format – Academic Writing (60 minutes) Topics are of general interest to, and suitable for, test takers entering undergraduate and postgraduate studies or seeking professional registration. There are two tasks: Task 1 - you will be presented with a graph, table, chart or diagram and asked to describe, summarise or explain the information in your own words. You may be asked to describe and explain data, describe the stages of a process, how something works or describe an object or event. Task 2 - you will be asked to write an essay in response to a point of view, argument or problem. Responses to both tasks must be in a formal style. IELTS Academic Writing description Paper format: There are two Writing tasks and BOTH must be completed. Timing: 60 minutes No. of questions: 2 Task types: In Task 1, test takers are asked to describe some visual information (graph/table/chart/diagram) in their own words. They need to write 150 words in about 20 minutes. In Task 2, they respond to a point of view or argument or problem. They need to write 250 words in about 40 minutes. Answering: Answers must be given on the answer sheet and must be written in full. Notes or bullet points are not acceptable as answers. Test takers may write on the question paper but this cannot be taken from the examination room and will not be seen by the examiner. A detailed look at the paper with links to related resources. Task 1 Task type and format: In Writing Task 1, test takers may be asked to describe facts or figures presented in one or more graphs, charts or tables on a related topic; or they may be given a diagram of a machine, a device or a process and asked to explain how it works. They should write in an academic or semi-formal/neutral styles and include the most important and the most relevant points in the diagram. Some minor points or details may be left out. Test takers should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. They are asked to write at least 150 words and will be penalised if their answer is too short. While test takers will not be penalised for writing more than 150 words, they should remember that a longer Task 1 answer may mean that they have less time to spend on Task 2, which contributes twice as much to the Writing band score. Test takers should also note that they will be penalised for irrelevance if the response is off-topic or is not written as full, connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form, etc.). They will be severely penalised for plagiarism (i.e. copying from another source). Test takers must write their answers on the answer booklet. Task focus: This task assesses the ability to identify the most important and relevant information and trends in a graph, chart, table or diagram, and to give a well-organised overview of it using language accurately in an academic style. No. of questions: 1 Task 2 Task type and format: In Writing Task 2, test takers are given a topic to write about an academic or semi-formal/neutral style. Answers should be a discursive consideration of the relevant issues. Test takers should make sure that they read the task carefully and provide a full and relevant response. For example, if the topic is a particular aspect of computers, they should focus on this aspect in their response. They should not simply write about computers in general. Test takers should spend no more than 40 minutes on this task. They are asked to write at least 250 words and will be penalised if their answer is too short. While test takers will not be penalised for writing more than 250 words, if they write a very long answer they may not have time for checking and correcting at the end and some ideas may not be directly relevant to the question. Task 2 contributes twice as much to the final Writing band score as Task 1. Therefore, test takers who fail to attempt to answer this task will greatly reduce their chance of achieving a good band. Test takers will be penalised for irrelevance if the response is off-topic or is not written as full, connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form, etc.). They will be severely penalised for plagiarism (i.e. copying from another source). Finally, test takers should make sure that they do not copy directly from the question paper because this will not be assessed. They must write their answers on the answer booklet. Task focus: This task assesses the ability to present a clear, relevant, well-organised argument, giving evidence or examples to support ideas and use language accurately. No. of questions: 1 IELTS Academic Writing - How it's marked Marking and assessment Each task is assessed independently. The assessment of Task 2 carries more weight in marking than Task 1. Responses are assessed by certificated IELTS examiners. All IELTS examiners hold relevant teaching qualifications and are recruited as examiners by the test centres and approved by the British Council or IDP: IELTS Australia. Scores are reported in whole and half bands. Detailed performance descriptors have been developed which describe written performance at the nine IELTS bands. These are available on the How IELTS is scored page. They apply to both IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training versions and are based on the following criteria. Task 1 responses are assessed on: Task achievement Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy. Task 2 responses are assessed on: Task response Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy. Performance descriptors Task 1 Task achievement This assesses how appropriately, accurately and relevantly the response fulfils the requirements set out in the task, using the minimum of 150 words. Academic Writing Task 1 is a writing task which has a defined input and a largely predictable output. It is basically an information-transfer task that relates narrowly to the factual content of an input diagram and not to speculative explanations that lie outside the given data. Coherence and cohesion This concerns overall clarity and fluency: how the response organises and links information, ideas and language. Coherence refers to the linking of ideas through logical sequencing. Cohesion refers to the varied and appropriate use of cohesive devices (for example, logical connectors, pronouns and conjunctions) to assist in making the conceptual and referential relationships between and within sentences clear. Lexical resource This refers to the range of vocabulary used and its accuracy and appropriacy in terms of the specific task. Grammatical range and accuracy This refers to the range and accurate use of grammar as manifested in their sentence writing. Task 2 Task response In both IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training versions, Task 2 requires test takers to formulate and develop a position in relation to a given prompt in the form of a question or statement. Ideas should be supported by evidence, and examples may be drawn from the test takers’ own experience. Responses must be at least 250 words in length. Scripts under the required minimum word limit will be penalised. Coherence and cohesion This assesses the overall clarity and fluency of the message: how the response organises and links information, ideas and language. Coherence refers to the linking of ideas through logical sequencing. Cohesion refers to the varied and appropriate use of cohesive devices (for example, logical connectors, pronouns and conjunctions) to assist in making the conceptual and referential relationships between and within sentences clear. Lexical resource This criterion refers to the range of vocabulary used and its accuracy and appropriacy in terms of the specific task. Grammatical range and accuracy This assesses the range and accurate use of grammar, as manifested in their test takers’ writing at sentence level. Test format – General Training Writing (60 minutes) Topics are of general interest. There are two tasks: Task 1 - you will be presented with a situation and asked to write a letter requesting information, or explaining the situation. The letter may be personal, semi-formal or formal in style. Task 2 - you will be asked to write an essay in response to a point of view, argument or problem. The essay can be fairly personal in style. IELTS General Training Writing description Paper format: There are two Writing tasks to complete. Timing: 60 minutes No. of questions: 2 Task types: In Task 1, test takers are asked to respond to a situation, for example, by writing a letter requesting information or explaining a situation. In Task 2, test takers write an essay in response to a point of view, argument or problem. Answering: Answers must be written in full in the answer booklet. Notes or bullet points in whole or in part are not acceptable as answers. Test takers may write on the question paper but this cannot be taken from the test room and will not be seen by the examiner. A detailed look at the paper with links to related resources. Task 1 Task type and format: In Writing Task 1, test takers are presented with a situation and required to write a personal response in the form of an informal, semi-formal or formal letter of at least 150 words in the answer booklet provided. The situations they are asked to write about are common, everyday ones such as: writing to a college accommodation officer about problems with accommodation, writing to a new employer about time management problems they are having, writing to a local newspaper about a plan to develop a local airport, writing to a renting agency to sort out problems with the heating system in their house. Test takers are told what kind of information (in the form of three bullet points) they must include in their response. They may be required to request or give information and/or explain a situation. To do this, they may need to do some of the following: ask for and/or provide general factual information, express needs, wants, likes or dislikes, express opinions or complaints, make requests or make suggestions/recommendations. The style of writing that test takers use depends who they are asked to write to (i.e. the audience) and how well they are supposed to know them. They need to write in a style that is appropriate for their audience and that will help them to achieve their purpose for writing, e.g. writing to a friend (informal) or writing to a manager (semi-formal or formal). Test takers do not need to include any addresses at the head of their letters. Test takers should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. They are asked to write at least 150 words and will be penalised if their answer is too short. While test takers will not be penalised for writing more than 150 words, they should remember that a longer Task 1 answer may mean that they have less time to spend on Task 2, which contributes twice as much to the Writing band score. Test takers should also note that they will be penalised for irrelevance, if the response is off-topic or is not written as full, connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form, etc.). They will be severely penalised for plagiarism (i.e. copying from another source). Task focus: This task assesses the ability to follow English letter-writing conventions (i.e. what order to put information in, what style to use, how to start and finish a letter), to use language accurately and appropriately and to organise and link information coherently and cohesively. No. of questions: 1 Task 2 Task type and format: In Writing Task 2, test takers write a semi-formal/neutral discursive essay of at least 250 words in the answer book provided. The task instructions give information about a point of view, argument or problem. They then tell test takers how to discuss this, which may involve providing general factual information, outlining and/or presenting a solution, justifying an opinion, evaluating evidence and ideas. Topics are of general interest, - such as: whether children’s leisure activities should be educational, why families are not so close as they used to be and how they could be brought closer, how environmental problems can be solved, who should pay for the care of old people, whether smoking should be banned in public places. Test takers should make sure that they complete the task carefully and provide a full and relevant response. They should organise their ideas clearly and make sure to support their argument with relevant examples (including from their own experience where relevant) or evidence. For this task, test takers need to be able to communicate more abstract and complex ideas and use a range of vocabulary and grammatical structures. Task 2 contributes twice as much to the final Writing band score as Task 1. Therefore, test takers who fail to attempt to answer this task will greatly reduce their chance of achieving a good score. Test takers are asked to write at least 250 words and will be penalised if their answer is too short. They should spend no more than 40 minutes on this task. Test takers should also note that they will be penalised for irrelevance if the response is off-topic or is not written as full, connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form, etc.). They will be severely penalised for plagiarism (i.e. copying from another source). Task focus: This task assesses the ability to follow English discursive writing conventions (i.e. what order to put information in, what style to use, how to start and finish discursive writing, how to paragraph), to organise and link information coherently and cohesively and to use language accurately and appropriately. No. of questions: 1 IELTS General Training Writing - How it's marked Marking and assessment Writing responses are assessed by certificated IELTS examiners. All IELTS examiners hold relevant teaching qualifications and are recruited as examiners by the test centres and approved by the British Council or IDP: IELTS Australia. Each task is assessed independently. The assessment of Task 2 carries more weight in marking than Task 1.Scores are reported in whole and half bands. Detailed performance descriptors have been developed which describe written performance at the nine IELTS bands. They are available on the How IELTS is scored page. The descriptors apply to both the Academic and General Training versions and are based on the following criteria. Task 1 responses are assessed on: Task achievement Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy. Task 2 responses are assessed on: Task response Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy. Performance descriptors Task 1 Task achievement This assesses how appropriately, accurately and relevantly the response fulfils the requirements set out in the task, using the minimum of 150 words. General Training Writing Task 1 is a writing task with a largely predictable output in that each task sets out the context and purpose of the letter and the functions the test taker should cover in order to achieve this purpose. Coherence and cohesion This assesses the overall clarity and fluency of the message: how the response organises and links information, ideas and language. Coherence refers to the linking of ideas through logical sequencing. Cohesion refers to the varied and appropriate use of cohesive devices (for example, logical connectors, pronouns and conjunctions) to assist in making the conceptual and referential relationships between and within sentences clear. Lexical resource This refers to the range of vocabulary the test takers have used and the accuracy and appropriacy of use in terms of the specific task. Grammatical range and accuracy This refers to the range and accurate use of grammar, as manifested in the test takers’ sentence writing. Task 2 Task response In both IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training versions, Task 2 requires test takers to formulate and develop a position in relation to a question or statement. Ideas should be supported by evidence, and examples may be drawn from the test takers’ own experience. Responses must be at least 250 words in length. Scripts under the required minimum word limit will be penalised. The other three assessment criteria (Coherence and Cohesion, Lexical Resource, Grammatical Range and Accuracy) are the same for Task 1 and Task 2. Read More ELTS IELTS Academic Writing Task-1 IELTS General Training Writing Task-1 IELTS Grammar IELTS Idea Builders IELTS Reading IELTS Speaking IELTS Speaking Part -3 IELTS Speaking Part-1 IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Vocabulary IELTS Writing IELTS Writing Task-2 Essay Writing IELTS Listening THE MOST IMPORTANT ESSAYS FOR IELTS 1. ARCHITECTURE/HOUSING/BUILDING 2. ARTS/ CULTURE/TRADITION/MUSEUMS 3. BUSINESS/MONEY/ECONOMY 4. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT&LAW 5. EDUCATION 6. ENTERTAINMENT/HOBBY 7. ENVIRONMENT/NATURE/CLIMATE/ANIMALS 8. FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN 9. FOOD 10. GENDER ISSUES 11. GLOBAL ISSUES/GLOBALIZATION 12. GOVERNMENT 13. HEALTH 14. LANGUAGE 15. MEDIA 16. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 17. SOCIETY/SOCIAL PROLEMS/SOCIAL TRENDS 18. SPORTS 19. TRANSPORT 20. TRAVEL/TOURISM 21. WORK 22. OTHERS/ABSTRACT IDEAS 1. ARCHITECTURE/HOUSING/BUILDING 1. Many old buildings protected by law are part of a nation’s history. Some people think they should be knocked down and replaced by news ones. How important is it to maintain old buildings? Should history stand in the way of progress? 2. Safety standards are important when building peoples’ homes. Who should be responsible for enforcing strict building codes – the government or the people who build the homes? Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 3. It is more important for a building to serve a purpose than to look beautiful. Architects shouldn't worry about producing building as a work of art. Do you agree or disagree? 4. More houses are needed in many countries to cope with increasing populations. Would it be better to build houses in existing towns and cities, or to develop new towns in rural areas? 2. ARTS/CULTURE/TRADITION/MUSEUM 1. There are many different types of music today. Is the traditional music of a country more important than the International music that is heard everywhere nowadays? 2. Creative artists should always have the freedom to express their ideas (in paintings, books, films and songs) in any way they wish. The government should not restrict what they do. To what extent do you agree with this opinion? 3. Government investment in the arts, such as music and theatre, is a waste of money. Governments must invest this money in public services instead. To what extent do you agree with this statement?? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. 4. Art is considered an essential part of all cultures throughout the world. However, these days fewer and fewer people appreciate art and turn their focus to science, technology and business. Why do you think that is? What could be done to encourage more people to take interest in the arts? 5. "Nowadays it is noticed that cultural mixing is reflected within local cultural practices. Do you think it is good for our society?" 6. Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and behaviour. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural differences. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 7. Some believe the primary purpose of museums is to entertain people, while others believe their purpose is to educate. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 8. "Countries become more developed due to mix of different people and their culture. Do you agree or disagree?" 9. There are many different types of music in the world today. Why do we need music? Is the traditional music of a country more important than the international music that is heard everywhere nowadays? 10. Art is considered an important part of a society as well as an expression of its culture. Do you think it is important for children to be taught art? Do you think children should be encouraged to focus on art rather than other subjects? 3. BUSINESS/MONEY/ECONOMY 1. ‘Some people think that changing people’s attitudes to other countries, and culture is an important factor in reducing world poverty. Others, however, feel that the most important method is trade.’ 2. Some people think that they should spend money they earn now enjoying life, while others think that the money should be put into savings for future. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 3. Some people think that it is best to save money, for example in a bank or savings scheme. Other people feel that money should be spent whenever it is available. Discuss these views and reach an opinion on this debate. Give reasons for your answer, and support your essay with ideas and examples from your own experience. 4. Economic progress is often used to measure a country's success. However, some people believe that other factors are more important. What other factors should also be considered when measuring a country's success? Do you think one factor is more important than others? 5. "Some people prefer to help by making donations to local charities while some prefer to donate to national & international organizations. Discuss both measures and give your opinion." 6. As well as making money, businesses also have social responsibilities. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 4. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT&LAW 1. Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. 2. There seems to be an increasing number of serious crimes being committed each year. While some think that the best way is to use the death penalty as a deterrent, many people believe that other measures will be needed. Discuss both sides of view. 3. In order to reduce crime, some argue that attacking its cause like poverty is the best solution, while others believe that putting more people in prisons and having more policemen are more convenient way in tackling crime. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 4."Prison is the only truly effective form of punishment, because it separates criminals from society" To what extent do you support this view? You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 5. Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later, and it is often argued that these are the best people to talk to teenagers about the dangers of committing a crime. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Many offenders commit more crimes after serving the first punishment. Why is this happening, and what measures we can take to tackle this problem? 5. EDUCATION 1. In some developed countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year at the end of high school and before starting university. What are the pros and cons for young people who choose to do this. 2. In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. 3. The main purpose of a university is to provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed for students to get a good job. To what extent do you agree? 4. Some people believe that children will have a bright future if they are always rewarded by their parents and teachers when they behave well. However, other people argue that if the children misbehave, they should receive punishment so that they can become qualified citizens. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 5. Technology is becoming increasingly prevalent in the world today. In the not too distant future, technology will completely replace the teacher in the classroom. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? 6. Some people say that distance learning is a quick and effective way to study. Others, however, disagree and say that distance learning programs can never be as good as courses taken in person. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? 7. Some people believe all children should be taught together. Others say that they should be separated according to academic abilities. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 8. Some people believe that teaching children at home is best for a child’s development while others think that it is important for children to go to school. Discuss the advantages of both methods and give your own opinion. 9. Schools are spending more time teaching traditional subjects such as history. Some people think they should rather spend more time in teaching skills that can help students find a job. To what extent do you agree or disagree. 10. Some people think that all university students should study whatever they like. Others believe that they should only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future, such as those related to science and technology. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 6. ENTERTAINMENT/HOBBY/LEISURE TIME 1. Youngsters these days find hardly any time for leisure. Is this a positive development? What are the causes of this? If this is a problem, can you suggest solutions? 2. Many people today are worried about young children using video games. What problems might these games cause, for children and society as a whole? How could these problems be reduced? You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 3. Some people believe that hobbies need to be difficult to be enjoyable. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 4. Some people regard video games as harmless fun, or even as a useful educational tool. Others, however, believe that videos games are having an adverse effect on the people who play them. In your opinion, do the drawbacks of video games outweigh the benefits? 7. ENVIRONMENT/NATURE/CLIMATE/ANIMAL 1. Global warming is one of the most serious issues that the world is facing today. What are the causes of global warming and what measures can governments and individuals take to tackle the issue? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. 2. There are many extinct animals’ species in the world. Some people think we should protect animals from dying out, while others believe we should spend more time on problems of human beings. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 3. Some people think that instead of preventing climate change, we need to find a way to live with it. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 4. Some people think that instead of preventing climate change, we need to find a way to live with it. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 5. The world's air pollution levels are rising year on year. What are the most pressing causes and effects of this disturbing trend? 6. Nowadays there is a rapid increase in the use of natural resources such as oil, forest and fresh water. What dangers does it bring? What are the possible solutions to address these issues? 7. Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. What can governments do to address these problems? What can individual people do? 8. Some people feel that it is always wrong to keep animals in captivity, for instance in zoos. Other people say that there are benefits for the animals and for humans. Discuss both sides of this debate, and give your personal view. You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 9. Nowadays animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the safety of other products. Some people argue that these experiments should be banned because it is morally wrong to cause animals to suffer, while others are in favour of them because of their benefits to humanity. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 10. Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycled. They say that the only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal requirement.
 To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste? 8. FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN 1. Some people say that cities are a better place for children to grow up, while others believe countryside is the right choice. Discuss both views. 2. Nowadays children spend more time playing computer games than doing sports. Why is it happening? Does it have a positive or negative effect on their development? 3. Children do not respect their parents as much as they did in the past. This behaviour is now having a negative impact on society. 4. Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 5."Children are facing more pressures nowadays from academic, social and commercial perspectives. What are the causes of these pressures and what measures should be taken to reduce these pressures? 6."Mothers play key roles in the upbringing of children. But in the recent times both parents are getting busy with professional life. Who in your opinion should take the responsibility of child care now?" Give your opinion in no less than 250 words. 9. FOOD 1. For a long time there has been concern about the quality of the food we eat because of additives and contaminants. Recently genetically modified (GM) food has become more common, causing concern. Is this concern justified or not? 2. Even though organic fruits and vegetables are more expensive than conventional fruits and vegetables, they are worth the extra cost. Do you agree or disagree. 3. Everyone should follow a vegetarian diet because it is not necessary to eat meat to be healthy. Do you agree or disagree? 4. In some countries an increasing number of people are suffering from health problems as a result of eating too much fast food. It is therefore necessary for governments to impose a higher tax on this kind of food. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 5."It is noticeable that fast food consumption has increased substantially during the last 10 years. Discuss its impact on environment and health." 10. GENDER ISSUES 1. "World history suggests that violence and conflict were more evident under male leadership that under female leadership. So. for peace to prevail, female leadership can be considered as a better option that male leadership." Do you agree or disagree? 2. Universities should enrol equal numbers of male and female students in all subjects. Do you agree or disagree? 3. In some schools and universities, girls choose arts subjects (literature), and boys tend to choose science subjects (physics). Why do you think this is so? 4. Many people believe that women make better parents than men and that is why they have the greater role in raising children in most societies. Others claim that men are just as good as women at parenting. 11. GLOBAL ISSUES/GLOBALIZATION 1. Even though globalization affects the world’s economies in a very positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten. Discuss. 2. The world is heavily dependent on oil for energy. Do you think a future re-source will take oil's place? Why do you think this? 3. Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 4.Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas. 5. The continued rise in the world’s population is the greatest problem faced by humanity at the present time. What are the causes of this continued rise? Do you agree that it is the greatest problem faced by humanity? 6. Many countries today are experiencing high levels of migration from rural areas to cities. What are the causes of this trend, and what effects does it have on the existing city dwellers? 7. In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations. 8. We cannot help everyone in the world that needs help, so we should only be concerned with our own communities and countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 12. GOVERNMENT 1. Some People think that the government is wasting money on the arts and that this money could be better spent elsewhere. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2. Some people think governments should take measures to improve the health of its citizens. Others think it must be managed by individuals. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 3. Few people devote time to hobbies nowadays. Why you think this is the case and what effect this has on the individual and society in general. Differences between countries are becoming less. Nowadays people all over the world are adopting similar fashion and trends. Do you think disadvantages outweigh the advantages? 4. Differences between countries are becoming less. Nowadays people all over the world are adopting similar fashion and trends. Do you think disadvantages outweigh the advantages? 5. "Should Government be responsible for providing pure drinking water to all or should the people obtain their own water?" 6. Some people think that governments should give financial support to creative artists such as painters and musicians. Others believe that creative artists should be funded by alternative sources. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 7. In many cities the use of video cameras in public places is being increased in order to reduce crime, but some people believe that these measures restrict our individual freedom. Do the benefits of increased security outweigh the drawbacks? 13. HEALTH 1. Currently there is a trend towards the use of alternative forms of medicine. However, at best these methods are ineffective, and at worst they may be dangerous. To what extent do you agree with this statement? 2.All over the world, the number of overweight people is growing. What do you feel are the main causes of this? What are the effects? 3. Many doctors are concerned about the high use of computer games by children and young people. What mental and physical problems may arise from excessive use of these games? How could these problems be reduced? 4. In many countries today, there are concerns about the unhealthy lifestyles that people lead. What health issues are linked to modern lifestyles? What answers to these problems can you suggest? Give reasons for your answer, and support your essay with ideas and examples from your own experience. 5. Some people say that the best way to improve public health is to increase the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 6. Many office authorities impose restriction on smoking within the offices premises. Some governments have even banned smoking in all public places. This is a good idea but it takes away some of our freedom. What are your opinions on this? Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 7. In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations. 8.The growing number of overweight people is putting a strain on the health care system in an effort to deal with the health issues involved. Some people think that the best way to deal with this problem is to introduce more physical education lessons in the school curriculum. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 14. LANGUAGE 1. Several languages die every year. Many people feel this is a positive trend and that a world with fewer languages promotes harmony and understanding between people. Analyze both sides of this argument and provide your opinion. 2. Several languages are in danger of extinction because they are spoken by very small numbers of people. Some people say that governments should spend public money on saving these languages, while others believe that would be a waste of money. Discuss both these views and give your opinion. 3. Nowadays, more and more foreign students are going to English-Speaking countries to learn the “international” language – English. It is undoubtedly true that studying English in an English-speaking country is the best way, but it is not the only way to learn it. Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 4. The development of tourism contributed to English becoming the most prominent language in the world. Some people think this will lead to English becoming the only language to be spoken globally. What are the advantages and disadvantages to having one language in the world? 15. MEDIA/SOCIAL MEDIA 1. Today, the expensive price of popular consumer products is because of the power of advertising and not the real needs of people. Do you agree or disagree? 2. News editors decide what to broadcast on television and what to print in newspapers. What factors do you think influence these decisions? Have we become used to bad news? Wouldn’t it be better if more good news was reported? 3. News editors decide what to broadcast on television and what to write in newspapers. What factors influence these decisions? Do you think we become used to bad news? Should more good news be reported? 4. Nowadays there are more and more advertisements. Some people think that they have a negative influence on people, and therefore should be restricted. Do you agree or disagree? 5. Many people believe that media coverage of celebrities is having a negative effect on children. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? 6. "Advertisements of toys and fast foods are obstacles to children’s physical and mental development, and, at the same time, cause loss of time and money of parents." Give your opinion in no less than 250 words. 7. Many people believe that social networking sites (such as Facebook) have had a huge negative impact on both individuals and society. To what extent do you agree? 16. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make? Has this become a positive or negative development? 2. Smart devices have put all of the world's information at our fingertips. The benefits of this development are obvious, but what are the drawbacks? 3. Since the 18th century technological advances have replaced people in the workplace. With today’s technology this process is happening at a greater rate. Technology is increasingly responsible for unemployment. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 4. There are many problems caused by mobile phones. What are the advantages of mobile phones? What are the disadvantages? 5. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has this been a positive or negative development? 6. Smart devices have put all of the world's information at our fingertips. The benefits of this development are obvious, but what are the drawbacks? 7. Many people today are worried about cybercrimes such as hacking and identity theft. What problems does `cybercrime' cause, and what solutions can you suggest for ordinary people and businesses to take? 8. Do you support the use of nuclear technology to be used for constructive purposes? Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 9. The advent of the internet has made it possible for people to work from home. Write an essay looking at the advantages and disadvantages of this professional arrangement. Share personal examples in your essay. 10. The advent of the internet has made it possible for people to work from home. Do you feel this working arrangement has more advantages or disad¬vantages? Share personal examples in your essay. 11. Internet crime is increasing rapidly as growing numbers of people purchase goods over the internet. What can be done to tackle this problem? 12. The advent of the internet has made it possible for people to work from home. Do you feel this working arrangement has more advantages or disadvantages? Share personal examples in your essay. 13. Some people regard video games as harmless fun, or even as a useful educational tool. Others, however, believe that videos games are having an adverse effect on the people who play them. In your opinion, do the drawbacks of video games outweigh the benefits? 14. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has this been a positive or negative development? 17. SOCIETY/SOCIAL PROLEMS/SOCIAL TRENDS 1. “Although abuse of the system is inevitable, social welfare payments are essential to protect the rights citizens have to a guaranteed minimum income in a democratic society” Discuss. 2. It is sometimes said that the countryside offers a high quality of life, especially for families. What are the arguments for and against families choosing to live and work in the countryside, for example as farmers? What is your own view about this? 3. "City Planners' new designs include setting up schools, markets, and commercial places (offices) in different areas of the city. Do you think it will help the city dwellers?" 4. Youth drug abuse is a serous problem. What are the possible causes of this behavior? Do you have any suggestion to control that? Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 5. The older generations tend to have very traditional ideas about how people should live, think and behave. However, some people believe that these ideas are not helpful in preparing younger generations for modern life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view? 18. SPORTS 1. Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair. Discus both these views and give your own opinion. 2. "Cricket has become more popular than the national sports in the sub-continental countries ."What do you think are the reasons behind this? 3. Some people believe that sport is an essential part of school life for children, while others feel it should be purely optional. Discuss these opposing views and give your own opinion. You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 4. Popular events like the football World Cup and other international sporting occasions are essential in easing international tensions and releasing patriotic emotions in a safe way. 19. TRANSPORT 1. Transport delays and long journey times are a widespread phenomenon in many cities today. What are the causes of this problem, and how could the situation be improved? 2. Everyday traffic seems to get worse on our roads. How can we reduce the number of cars on our roads today? What alternatives can we offer car drivers? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. 3. In order to solve traffic problems, governments should tax private car owners heavily and use the money to improve public transportation. What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. 4. Some people think that strict punishments for driving offences are the key to reducing traffic accidents. Others, however, believe that other measures would be more effective in improving road safety. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 20. TRAVEL/TOURISM 1. Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their own countries. What are the reasons? What are the solutions to change negative attitudes? 2. Restricting air travel is the only way to prevent air pollution. Do you agree? You should spend about 40 minutes on this task and write at least 250 words. 3. Tourism is always a force for good which enables people of different countries to understand each other.' To what extent do you agree with this idea? 4. Some people like to travel outside of their countries. Others would rather travel to the tourist spots in their own country first before travelling abroad. Which do you prefer to do and why? Include specific details and examples to support your choice. 5."By investing in tourism we can earn a lot of revenue and growth in national economy. At the same time it destroys the local culture. What is your opinion?" Give your opinion in no less than 250 words. 6. Today more people are travelling than ever before. Why is this the case? What are the benefits of travelling for the traveller? 7. Foreign visitors should pay more than local visitors for cultural and historical attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? 21. WORK 1. Unemployment remains the biggest challenge to school-leavers in most countries’ How far do you agree with this assessment? What other challenges face young people today? 2. Some people think that having a set retirement (e.g.65 years) for everybody, regardless of occupation, is unfair. They believe that certain workers deserve to retire and receive a pension at an earlier age. 3. Some people think that having a set retirement age (e.g. 65 years) for everybody, regardless of occupation is unfair. They believe that certain workers deserve to retire and receive a pension at an early age. Do you agree or disagree? Which types of workers do you think should benefit from early retirement? 4. Many people today find it difficult to balance the demands of their work and personal life. What are the causes of this situation, and what can individuals and employers do to reduce the problem? You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 5. Most employers do job interviews before offering a position to a person. Do you think this is the best way to do it, or are there better alternatives? What is the best method of choosing employees in your opinion? 6. Many people decide on a career path early in their lives and keep to it. This, they argue, leads to a more satisfying working life. To what extent do you agree with this view? What other things can people do in order to have a satisfying working life? 7. "Changing jobs and residences frequently is a very common scenario nowadays. Do you believe that this is good for one's future?" 8. Men do most high level jobs. Should the government encourage a certain percentage of to be reserved for women? 9. The most important thing about a job is how much money you earn in that job. Do you agree or disagree? 10. Some employers offer their employees subsidised membership of gyms and sports clubs, believing that this will make their staff healthier and thus more effective at work. Other employers see no benefit in doing so. Consider the arguments from both aspects of this possible debate, and reach a conclusion. 11. Many people are working at home rather than in the workplace. Some people believe this will bring benefits to the workers and their families, but others suggest it will cause stress in the home. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 12. The advent of the internet has made it possible for people to work from home. Write an essay looking at the advantages and disadvantages of this professional arrangement. Share personal examples in your essay. 13. When choosing a job, the salary is the most important consideration. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 14. Completing university education is thought by some to be the best way to get a good job. On the other hand, other people think that getting experience and developing soft skills is more important. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 22. OTHERS/ABSTRACT IDEAS-HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC. 1. In achieving personal happiness, our relationships with family, friends, and colleagues are more important than work and wealth. Do you agree or disagree with this? 2. In achieving personal happiness, our relationships with family, friends, and colleagues are more important than work and wealth. Do you agree or disagree with this? 3."Some people think that hard work and determination are the keys to success in life. Some, on the other hand, think that there are other factors behind a successful life. Give your opinion." 4. Some people think that a person improves intellectual skills better when doing group activities. To what extent do you agree? Use specific details and examples to explain your view. 5. Nowadays celebrities are more known for their glamour and wealth than for their achievement, and this sets a bad example to young people. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 6. Some people believe famous people’s support for international aid organizations draw public attention. Others think celebrities reduce the importance of the problems. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 7. Whether someone achieves their goal or not is a question of luck. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 8. Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness? 9. Some people think that money is one of the most essential factors in promoting happiness. Do you think people can be happy without much money? What other factors contribute towards happiness?

Punctuation for SSC and HSC Examination, Punctuation for exmination, Important Punctuation practice for examination Punctuation for Advanced Writing

Email Writing, How to write better Email for examination. Email writing for SSC examination, Email writing for HSC examination, E-mails for examination E-MAIL WRITING Before writing Formal Letter/E-mail your are to consider- Do I know the reader? Does the reader know me? Would a personal contact or e-mail be more appropriate? What do I want this letter to accomplish? What question do I need to ask? What would I like the reader to do for me? Have I suggested a course of action? Have I given the person enough background? How would I feel if this letter were addressed to me? How to use formal English . • Use the right tone or register) of language. Avoid everyday, colloquial language; slangs or jargon. Avoid contractions (I'm; it'// etc.) Avoid emotive, subjective language (terrible, rubbished etc.) Avoid vogue words such as nice, good, get etc. Yon should always be polite and respectful, even if complaining. The length of E-mail It should be short and precise. Your address, but not your name, usually goes, in the top right hand corner The name and address of the person you're writing What do To, Cc, Bcc mean Cc is carbon copy and is exactly the same as To. The only difference is the "status" of the message. Cc indicates that you are getting a copy but are not the primary addressee. For example use To for a company and Cc for the Better Business Bureau when sending a complaint to a company. Bcc is blind carbon copy and is hidden. It is used to send out a mailing without everyone knowing the other addresses. When you use Cc or Bcc you must also have a To address. With Bcc you usually put yourself in the From and Ts,. Writing Informal letter and E-mails Main differences between e-mail and letter In general, people use e-mail to quickly exchange time-sensitive information Formal email should initiate the structure of a formal letter. The subject line : SHORT and to the point. The greeting : Use a name of at least a title. Body of message : Short paragraphs. No more than one or two brief sentences, to the main point of your message. A second paragraph might be necessary to reiterate or classify your main points. Be clear about priorities of Items that require immediate action. Accuracy in language and grammar is essential. Signature : That includes your name, official title, company name, mailing address, phone and fax numbers, e-mail address, and perhaps a hyperlink. Suppose, you want to go a tour abroad on holidays. Now write an e-mail to the e-mail travel agency asking him to send you details of holidays abroad. From:affan@yahoo.com To: globaltour@yahoo.com Cc:------------------------------------- Bcc :----------------------------------- Sent: Wednesday, 20th March, 2021, 4pm Subject : Seeking information about a tour abroad Dear Sir, I like to inform you that I want to make a outdoor tour during the coming summer vacation with your renowned travel agency. I will go to Kathmandu and stay there for five days. I would like to start my journey on 15 July 2013 and return before 23 July 2013.1 also like to visit most of the tourist spots there. So now I would like to know the details of such a package tour. It will be convenient for me if you send me an e-mail informing me of the details of such a tour. Hope, you will reply me asap informing me of the details. Thanking you Shagupta Nasreen Doulatpur Khulna Cell phone-019xx xxxxxx INFORMAL EMAILS (Your are advised to write subjects according to the questions) Write an email to your pen-friend Jane who lives in Australia about your life style. To: raghibhossain@gmail.com Subject: My dear Jane, How are you? I hope you are quite hale & hearty. I could not write to you because I was awfully busy with my programme. In your recent email you have shown your keen interest regarding our life style. Our country runs on an agro-based economy. People of our country mostly live on cultivation. We live in villages. There are many differences between our life and yours. You will be surprised to know that our house is made of clay with a tin-roof. Our men wear ‘longyi’ and ordinary shirts. Trousers and other western clothing are popular among the younger generation and business people. The majority of women wear ‘sari’ and short blouse. ‘Salwar kameez’, is the modern women’s alternative to the sari. The food we take usually for our meal is hot and spicy. Moreover, many seasonal home made cakes and sweetmeats are eaten in Bangladesh. We celebrate different types of cultural and religious festivals. The people of our country are plain and simple. They are very peace-loving. So we live in our motherland with harmony. No more today. With love. Your friend, Rahat Suppose you are in UK and doing a course in fashion technology. Now write an email to your friend about various features and your feelings. To: raghibhossain@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Your sweet note has anchored my heart. I am glad to know about your interest in my course. You know that I am in Nottingham. I have into an MA course in Fashion & Textiles at Nottingham Trent University for last six months. I realise here that doing a postgraduate degree in fashion enables me to design wonderfully creative clothes. The course also helps me about discovering my own potential. At every step my course has brought me closer to understanding my philosophy towards what I design and why. My strength of knowledge of the subject actually helps me create new boundaries for myself. Our course is structured in a way to ease everyone into the rigour that is required later in the MA phase. Initially short projects helped me to overcome the problems. At present group projects make us very interactive. Besides, I think one of the best things about being at Nottingham is the fact that there are so many different people from all over the world. Our unique situation enables us not only to experience each other’s culture vicariously but also be tolerant of our differences. Indeed it’s interesting to see how, consciously or subconsciously, we are bringing parts of our culture and heritage and intermingling them to suit the needs of the course. This is in brief all about various features of our course. I think this is enough to meet your curiosity. With love and best wishes. Your friend, Rahat Suppose you are given a chance to enjoy a free ride for half an hour by an air company. You can choose either a plane or a helicopter. Write an email to your friend saying which one you will choose and why? To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, I am glad to receive your email. From your email I have come to know about your enjoying summer vacation. In our country now we are enjoying winter vacation. Today I will let you know about an interesting thing. I am happy to inform you that a new air company has offered me a free air-ride for half an hour. I may fly by a chopper or a wide-bodied plane. The choice is mine. I think I would fly by a chopper. The speed of the chopper is slower than that of the wide-bodied plane. Besides, it can fly lower than the plane. These will give me better opportunity to observe the green trees and fields and rivers of our country from the air. But if I fly by a big plane, I will miss many of the beauties of Bangladesh. So I have made up my mind to fly by a helicopter. I hope you will agree with me on this point. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend about a river journey you made and the reason of choosing a river journey. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘A’, I received your email the day before yesterday. I shall give you a pen picture of the river journey that I have recently made. We were three in number. We made the journey from Mongla to Paikgachha. We hired a big boat. The boatman and the oarsmen were very nice people. We had our breakfast early in the morning. We started at 8 a. m. The sky was clear and the weather was fine. The river was calm. It was full to the brim. Our boatmen rowed for a while and then set sail. The boat began to move smoothly. There were small waves on the river. We enjoyed scenes on both sides of the river. We saw many boys and girls bathing and swimming in the river. Fishermen were catching fish. Women were seen taking water. We reached a market at 12 o’clock. The boatmen cast anchor. We got down. We had our lunch in the local restaurant. The boatmen took rest for a while. Then they raised anchor. Again we started our return journey. The boatmen tried to reach the destination before sunset. It was late afternoon. The sun was setting. We enjoyed the sunset. The boat moved slowly and we reached our destination. It was dark all around. A journey by boat gives a different feeling than the other types of journey. It gives one a chance to relax. This particular journey gave me immense pleasure. It will remain evergreen in my mind. This is all for today. Hope to hear from you more. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Suppose you are given an opportunity to buy a double dicker, bus, car, rickshaw or a scooter. Write an email to your friend explaining which one you will buy and why. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Best wishes to you. I received your email yesterday. In your email you wanted to know how I am enjoying my life in this new town. Well, life in this town is a real fun; waking up early in the morning, going to school, roaming around with friends, having chat in the canteen and there are a lot more. But one problem is that it is hard to reach my school as it is five miles away from my residence. I usually go by bus but I am looking for a much more convenient method. So my father asked me to choose any vehicle I like for my convenience and he will buy that for me. I preferred a car. I have chosen it because it is faster and much more relaxing than sitting in a bus among a crowd of people. However, you please let me know about your life. Convey my regards to your parents and love to your younger brothers and sisters. Well, that’s all. Hoping to hear from you soon. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend telling him the experience of taking food in a restaurant. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, It is many days since you wrote to me. Today I am going to tell you about my experience of taking food in a restaurant. You know our friend, ‘S’. He celebrated his birth anniversary the day before yesterday. On this day he arranged a party at a Chinese restaurant and we the local friends were all invited. You will be glad to know that this was totally a new experience for me to have the experience of having food in a Chinese restaurant. In the evening we went to his residence by twos and threes. We wished him Happy Birthday. Then all of us together went to the Chinese restaurant which had already been fixed before. There was dim light in the room. As soon as we took our seats, a waiter in uniform came and handed menu to some of us. I was a greenhorn in this regard. So, I didn’t go ahead. Sohel consulted with some of us and placed order. There was no noise like the normal restaurants. Everybody talked in low voice. I kept looking around and listening to the fine music. The waiter gave a bowl of soup. We took this with some sauce and pepper extract. It tasted well. Cold drinks were served. Then came fried rice, prawn balls, vegetables and chicken fry. We took the food using fork and spoon. Flavour of food in the restaurant was different from that at home. Aroma was also different and crispy. Really, it was a very delicious dish. My mouth still waters at the thought of those delicious dishes. It was a very nice and enjoyable experience. This is all for today. Write to me soon. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Suppose you are given a chance to enjoy a free ride for half an hour by an air company. You can choose either a plane or a helicopter. Write an email to your friend saying which one you will choose and why? To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, I am glad to receive your email. From your email I have come to know about your enjoying summer vacation. In our country now we are enjoying winter vacation. Today I will let you know about an interesting thing. I am happy to inform you that a new air company has offered me a free air-ride for half an hour. I may fly by a chopper or a wide-bodied plane. The choice is mine. I think I would fly by a chopper. The speed of the chopper is slower than that of the wide-bodied plane. Besides, it can fly lower than the plane. These will give me better opportunity to observe the green trees and fields and rivers of our country from the air. But if I fly by a big plane, I will miss many of the beauties of Bangladesh. So I have made up my mind to fly by a helicopter. I hope you will agree with me on this point. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your younger brother advising him to read newspaper daily. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear 'H', Take my very best regard and cordial love at the very beginning of the email. In his last email mother told me you are not interested to read newspaper. I am extremely sorry to know that. Now you are a citizen of an independent state. You should remain in touch with the outside world. You should go through journals, magazine and novels, especially you should read newspaper daily. Newspaper is a store-house of knowledge. It makes our mind fresh. It gives us scope to learn the living language spoken by the civilized people. It helps us to express our views in a simple idiomatic style. On the whole newspapers are the fountains of knowledge and source of pleasures. Now I tell you to read newspaper daily. I hope you will carry out what I have told you to do. Take care of your health. No more today. Convey my earnest respect to mom and dad. Yours elder brother, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your father about the interesting features of your English course. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘H’, I have received your recent email. I came to know about your studies and other activities. You wanted to know about the system of our English course. It is good for you to know about it because you are going to face this next year. The syllabus of S.S.C. English has been fully changed. Traditional system is totally removed from the new plan. There was much opportunity of cramming lessons for the students. As they were addicted to cram, they were losing there originality. The students crammed more instead of learning. So they became weak in English. The authority observed it and planned for a new syllabus. This system of syllabus is called communicative system. According to this syllabus, students must learn the basic knowledge of English, as there is no opportunity of cramming. The main features of this syllabus is, ‘seen comprehension, unseen comprehension, multiple choice, true/false, completing passage, writing similar passage providing on the paper, and other creative and imaginative writings. If any student wants to make a good result, he must possess the basic knowledge, creativity, imaginative power. Different experiences are also necessary for doing well in the examination. As our country is not so much rich in English, it will sometimes bring bad effects for our students. For continuing this system, teachers must be well-trained. I think that the percentage of passing will become less, as most of our students are weak in English. So, I advise you to give more importance in English. Hope you in sound health and joyful time. With love and best wishes. Your son, Rahat Write an email to your friend thanking him for his birthday present. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘A’, My birthday passed off smoothly and happily yesterday. But we all missed you so much. I received your kind email and charming present just in time. I can realise how much you love me and why you could not come, though you tried your best to do so. Believe me, my dear friend, of all the presents I have got yours is the loveliest. The book you sent me is really praiseworthy. I have long been in need of this book and it has come from you. It would be really very useful to me. I heartily thank you for this charming present and I shall keep it as a token of your deep love for me. I shall tell you all about my birthday in my next email. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend inviting him to spend the vacation at your village home. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘A’, It has been quite a while sine I have heard from you last. I think this was because of the 1st term examination. I hope you have had a very good exam. Mine was not bad and I am looking forward for a good result. The school is closed for almost fifteen days due to the summer vacation. I think I need a few days rest after the hard work of the exam. I was thinking to go and spend a few a days in our village home. With the green fields and with the cool and calm shade of the trees our village stands on the bank of halda river. The name of our village is ‘Banigram’. About five thousand people live in our village. They live in peace and harmony. The villages are mostly farmers or labourers. Some are potters, weavers, blacksmiths, fishermen and so on. There is a big market in our village. It is the heart of our village which throbs with the activities of the villagers. There are some brick-built buildings such as the mosque and primary and high school building. There are also a post office, a health-care centre and community centre. Our village has a good road, which links the village with the highway. The village is rich in cultural activities like Jatra, Jarigan, boat-race and bullock-race. Our village is also famous for cottage industries. Our village is as peaceful as heaven and it always help me to forget the monotony of the city life. I think it will help you to refresh your mind too. Why don’t you come and stay with me in our village home for a few days. I know you can’t say no to me. So, no more today; looking forward for your email to know when you are coming. Your friend, Rahat Write an email to your younger brother about the bad effects of smoking. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘S’, Take my very best wishes in the beginning of the email. I was very glad to hear about your brilliant result in the annual examination but on the contrary I became very disappointed when I came to know that you have recently adopted a dangerous habit, you have been addicted to smoking. Dear brother, you can’t even imagine how dangerous smoking is! It is no less harmful than poison. It contains nicotine which can cause lungs cancer, bronchitis, heart disease etc. it ruins the vitality of life and hastens death. It is a fact that smoking is like committing suicide. That is why; I would like to advise you to give up smoking without any more delay. I do believe you can easily give up this bed habit if you are determined enough. No more today. Tender my best regards to parents. With love and best wishes, Your elder brother ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing a train journey. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear A, Many thanks for your kind note of the 2nd instant. In this email, I am giving you an account of my journey from Chittagong to Dhaka by train. I hope it will give you much pleasure. It was Monday. I started for Dhaka from Chittagong Railway Station. Two friends of mine went with me. We were passengers of the 1st Class compartment. So in the train I was at ease. The train started in time. In the twinkling of an eye it reached Laksam Junction. From Laksam the train started again for Dhaka. Trees, houses and way-side bridges seemed to fly away faster than the fairies or the witches. Soon the train reached Bhairab. Frankly speaking the bridge of Bhairab was a terror to me. The train was moving in a full speed. Mills and factories on both sides of the railway lines seemed to run behind. At 5 p.m. we reached Dhaka. Thus my long journey by train was over. This is all for today. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend telling him the experience of taking food in a restaurant. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Chittagong My dear ‘A’, It is many days since you wrote to me. Today I am going to tell you about my experience of taking food in a restaurant. You know our friend, ‘S’. He celebrated his birth anniversary the day before yesterday. On this day he arranged a party at a Chinese restaurant and we the local friends were all invited. You will be glad to know that this was totally a new experience for me to have the experience of having food in a Chinese restaurant. In the evening we went to his residence by twos and threes. We wished him Happy Birthday. Then all of us together went to the Chinese restaurant which had already been fixed before. There was dim light in the room. As soon as we took our seats, a waiter in uniform came and handed menu to some of us. I was a greenhorn in this regard. So, I didn’t go ahead. Sohel consulted with some of us and placed order. There was no noise like the normal restaurants. Everybody talked in low voice. I kept looking around and listening to the fine music. The waiter gave a bowl of soup. We took this with some sauce and pepper extract. It tasted well. Cold drinks were served. Then came fried rice, prawn balls, vegetables and chicken fry. We took the food using fork and spoon. Flavour of food in the restaurant was different from that at home. Aroma was also different and crispy. Really, it was a very delicious dish. My mouth still waters at the thought of those delicious dishes. It was a very nice and enjoyable experience. This is all for today. Write to me soon. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing the sports day of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email gave me much delight.You will be glad to know that we observed the annual sports of our school on January 31.On this ceremony our school campus and the surroundings of the play ground were decorated with colourful papers , flowers and festoons.The chairman of Chittagong board in inaugurated the programe at 8 A.M. There were at least thirty events including many races.The first event was 100 metres race.Among the events sack race and three-legged race were interesting.The tug of war between the students and teachers was the last event and it gave us the gratest entertainment. The Hon’ble D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest .After giving a short speech he gave away the prizes among the winners.With the distributions of prizes the function came to and end. I got two prizes.It was indeed, a happy occasion for me. No more, today.With love and good wishes. Yours ever Arif Write an email to your father about the improvement of your study. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear father, I received your email yesterday. I am much obliged for your affectionate email and the valuable advice it contains. I think you are anxious to know about my preparation for the ensuing S.S.C. Examination. You will be glad to know that I tried to follow your instructions about study for the last few months and I think I have started to get the fruit of my hard work. There has been certain improvement in my recent results. It is true that no one knows what questions will be set in the examination. I have consulted the teachers of the respective subject so that I might have an idea of the nature of questions. However, the rules of English Grammar elude me sometimes. So I feel the need of studying English more. In this regard, I am taking help from the English teachers. I hope to make up this deficiency in the remaining days before the commencement of the examination. You often tell me that for success, one must work hard at one’s books from the very beginning and I am glad that I have followed your advice accordingly. I am still working hard, for I do not want to leave anything to chance. Please be not anxious about my health. I am taking particular care of it. With regards to you and mother. Your elder son, Rahat Write an email to your younger brother advising him to read newspaper daily. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear 'H', I am extremely sorry to know that you do not take interest to read newspaper. Now you are a citizen of an independent state. You should remain in touch with the outside world. You should go through journals, magazine and novels, especially you should read newspaper daily. Newspaper is a store-house of knowledge. It makes our mind fresh. It gives us scope to learn the living language spoken by the civilized people. It helps us to express our views in a simple idiomatic style. On the whole newspapers are the fountains of knowledge and source of pleasures. Now I tell you to read newspaper daily. I hope you will carry out what I have told you to do. Take care of your health. No more today. With love and best wishes. Your elder brother, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend about your favourite sports person. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘H’, How are you? I hope well by the grace of Almighty. In your last email you have written to me about your favourite sportsman ‘Zidane’ and asked me to write about my favourite sportsman. Today I am writing you about it. Sachin Tendulkar is my favourite sportsman. It is said that talents are not created rather they are born. To me, Sachin is an example of that divine power. He is one player the name of whom will ever be written in golden words in the history of cricket. He is called the ‘Cricketing God’ or ‘Little Master’ for his unbelieving performance. He can bat well, he can field well, he can even bowl when the team requires. He is superb in his technique, timing and placement. His strokes are nothing but the reflection of his talent. He is the Highest run scorer in One Day International cricket. He is the highest centurian in both ODI and Test matches. He is the first ever batsman to score 10,000 runs in ODI history. But there are other reasons why he is my favourite sportsman. Despite of being in top of fame, he always remained as an icon of courtesy. He is well reputed for his modesty and well manner. I think he possess a lot of qualities which can be followed in my own life. That’s why, he is my favourite sportsman. No more today, convey my reverence to your parents and take care Yours, Rahat Write an email to your father about the profession you want to take and why. 07-07-2007 To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Chittagong, My dear father, Take my salam on the very beginning of the email. I have received your email of the 5th instant. You wanted to know what profession I would like to take after completing my academic career. Though this is really a tough matter to decide, even then I have an aim of my own as everyone should have. Here I am going to tell you about this. I have decided to become a computer engineer. The modern world is the world of computer. Age-old system of keeping record in files is gradually making way for computer based data processing. It is used in schools, colleges, offices, banks, airlines, shops, laboratories, hospitals, libraries. Computer based telecommunication network sets up instant links with any part of the world at any time. Automation has replaced manual labour in factories. In the field of medical, computerised machines are doing wonders. Though Bangladesh is yet to develop in science and technology, she is trying to use computer science in solving different problems. In this situation, I think it would be a wise choice if I want to be a Computer Engineer. Let me know your opinion which would help me more. No more today. I am hale and hearty. Best regards to mother and brother. Your elder son, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing the sports day of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email gave me much delight.You will be glad to know that we observed the annual sports of our school on January 31.On this ceremony our school campus and the surroundings of the play ground were decorated with colourful papers , flowers and festoons.The chairman of Chittagong board in inaugurated the programe at 8 A.M. There were at least thirty events including many races.The first event was 100 metres race.Among the events sack race and three-legged race were interesting.The tug of war between the students and teachers was the last event and it gave us the gratest entertainment. The Hon’ble D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest .After giving a short speech he gave away the prizes among the winners.With the distributions of prizes the function came to and end. I got two prizes.It was indeed, a happy occasion for me. No more, today.With love and good wishes. Yours ever Arif Write an email to your friend about a street boy of our country. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, I have received recent your email. Today I am giving you a brief idea a street boy from which you can guess the socio- economic condition of our country. Lutfur is the name of a boy who lives in a slum. He is 8 years old. He has brother who works as a tempo helper. One year he came with his father, mother, brother and grandmother to Dhaka, the capital city in search of a living. His father works as a rickshaw puller and mother as a domestic worker. Lutfur collects polythene bags, scrap paper and other materials from different areas and sells them at a shop at a nominal cost. On an average he earns Tk. 20 to 50 a day which he gives to his mother. Their home is a tiny shelter with a sheet of polythene for a roof. They sleep on the dirt floor. Lutfur has his bath in a creek near their home. He usually has his meals at home but sometimes begs for food at restaurants. When he falls ill, he cannot afford to go to a doctor or buy medicine for himself. He once went to a free primary school but unfortunately he could not continue his studies. He had to leave school for earning livelihood. In this way he is passing his days in hardship. This is the condition of our average street boys. I think this description may somewhat fulfill your thirst. This is all for today. Hope you will write me soon. Your friend, Rahat Write an email to your pen-friend about a woman who changed her condition by taking loan from the Gameen Bank. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Your recent email is to hand. Today I am going to let you know a story about a woman which I have recently learnt. I am sure it would encourage you. In the last summer vacation I went to my maternal uncle’s village. The greeneries of the village really gave me much pleasure. At the same time I became surprised to experience the economic condition of the villagers. Two years ago I visited the same village when I found the straitened condition of the villagers. But this time the scene was different. The happiness was prevailing in every family. The reason behind it I have tried to find and the answer was Grameen Bank. A village woman, named Feroza became a legend in this regard. She had to pass her hard-pressed days for about five years with a large family. One day she learnt that Grameen Bank, a micro-credit finance institution was ready to give loans to the poor in their village. Then she became a member of it. She took a small loan from the bank and started rice husking business. With the small profit she made from it, she repaid the entire loan money and borrowed a larger amount from the bank. With that money she started a stationery shop. She also studied in the adult literacy centre. She began to see happiness and solvency in her life. In this way Feroza changed her life. So I feel that the role of Grameen Bank to eradicate poverty in our country is significant. This is all for today. Write to me soon. With best wishes. Your friend, Rahat Write an email to your younger sister about your views about female education. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, In your email you mentioned that you are going to participate on a debate programme. I have been happy to learn that your subject is female education. The topic is really a demand of time. Okay, here is a brief idea about it. Education is the birth right of everybody. It makes a harmonious development of one’s mental faculties. So, facilities for education should be held open to everybody. In this respect, no discrimination should be made between man and woman. In fact, education must be universal. Half of the people of our country are women. No development can be brought about in our society without participation of half of its members. And development work cannot be carried out successfully with uneducated women. So our women should be educated at the earliest. It may be advisable to modify the old system of education for our girls. It is a good sign that there is a general awakening among the women. The women of our countries are also coming out of their domestic walls and working side by side with men in every walk of life. Our government is making all-out efforts to pave the way for female education in our country. We should remember that education is one of the fundamental rights of everybody ---- male or female. I think you have got my opinion about female education. This may help you in your debate. This is all for today. Hope you are in sound health and joyful time. Regards to mother and father. With love and best wishes. Your elder brother, Rahat Write an email to your friend inviting him on your birthday party. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘A’, I have a great pleasure to inform you that my fifteenth birthday comes off on Thursday next. This time my parents desire to celebrate my birthday in a grand and befitting manner. I cordially invite you to join the party. We have arranged a day-long programme including the birthday party. In it, there would be a cultural function in the evening. Some renowned artists have promised to take part in the function. So we hope to enjoy the party with mirth and merriment and your presence will certainly encourage us. I will be much pleased if you come and share this memorable moment of my life with me. No more now. More when we meet. With best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to a pen friend describing the foods and food habits in Bangladesh To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: I am very glad to receive your email. You have wanted to know about the food habit of Bangladeshi people. People in Bangladesh generally take the same food at breakfast, lunch and dinner. The villagers usually eat rice three times a day. They also take dal, meat and vegetables. The urban people usually take egg, bread made of wheat or flour along with fried vegetables or sweets and a cup of tea a breakfast. In lunch, they eat rice with curry of fish or meat and dal. They take rice, vegetables, curry, dal, etc. for dinner .Now-a-day some people in the rural areas eat bread to control their health. Some foods such as fast food like singara, samocha etc. Cold drinks , chips, burger, sand witches, chops, pizza, hamburger etc. are becoming popular day by day in our country. The modes of eating are also different between the rural and urban people. The urban people have started eating some western items of food but the rural people are not familiar with them. In fact, people in our country, especially the young people are changing their attitude towards western items. No more today .I am eagerly waiting for your next email. Sincerely yours. Akash Write an email to your friend the experience of taking food in a restaurant. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, It is many days since you wrote to me. Today I am going to tell you about my experience of taking food in a restaurant. You know our friend, ‘S’. He celebrated his birth anniversary the day before yesterday. On this day he arranged a party at a Chinese restaurant and we the local friends were all invited. You will be glad to know that this was totally a new experience for me to have the experience of having food in a Chinese restaurant. In the evening we went to his residence by twos and threes. We wished him Happy Birthday. Then all of us together went to the Chinese restaurant which had already been fixed before. There was dim light in the room. As soon as we took our seats, a waiter in uniform came and handed menu to some of us. I was a greenhorn in this regard. So, I didn’t go ahead. Sohel consulted with some of us and placed order. There was no noise like the normal restaurants. Everybody talked in low voice. I kept looking around and listening to the fine music. The waiter gave a bowl of soup. We took this with some sauce and pepper extract. It tasted well. Cold drinks were served. Then came fried rice, prawn balls, vegetables and chicken fry. We took the food using fork and spoon. Flavour of food in the restaurant was different from that at home. Aroma was also different and crispy. Really, it was a very delicious dish. My mouth still waters at the thought of those delicious dishes. It was a very nice and enjoyable experience. This is all for today. Write to me soon. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing the prize giving day or ceremony of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our prize giving ceremony. Okay, here it is. The prize giving ceremony was held on last Sunday. It was a very special day for me because it was known to me that I would get a prize for being first in the last annual exam. That day I reached the school at 8.30 a.m. For this occasion our school auditorium was decorated in a very nice way. The function started at 10 am with the recitation of the holy Quran. The parliament member of our area presided over the ceremony and TNO (Thana Nirbahi Officer) was also present in that ceremony. Our Headmaster read out his annual report. After this the TNO gave his speech. Then the TNO both gave away the prizes to the selected boys for their brilliant performance in the last annual exam, for other activities in the school. I got two prizes -- one for being first in the last annual exam and the other for regular attendance. Then an enjoyable cultural programme was staged by the students and teachers. In the end of the ceremony our headmaster thanked the respective guests, teachers and the students. This ceremony ended with national anthem. That day I returned home with joy. It’s a memorable day for me because that day I got two prizes and I participated in the cultural programme by singing a song which was my first participation in any cultural programme. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘S’ Write an email to your mother describing the celebration of the 21st February in your school this year To: rokeyahossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Mother, My best regards to you. I hope all of you are keeping in good health by the grace of Allah. I am in receipt of your kind email of the 26th February. In your email you wanted to know how we celebrated the international mother language day. In this email I will write about our observation on that day of 21st February. We observe this day in a very befitting manner because it enlivens our heart and soul. It inspires us to reach the acme of success. We usually observe the international mother language day in the month of February every year. The whole school as well as the whole surrounding of the school was embellished with colourful papers on the occasion. The whole playground looked festive. In the morning we all the students and teachers of our school gathered in the school premise at 5 o’clock in the morning. We made a garland of flowers. Then we brought out a colourful procession with due solemnity in order to pay homage to our noble language martyrs at “Shahid Minar” on Bare Foot. On the way sang the song ‘ amar bhaier rokte rangano ekhushe February……’. After that we came to our school. A cultural function was arranged. The Chairman of the Chittagong Board inaugurated the function at 11 a.m. Many of students of our school participated in the cultural function. They sang, recited and participated in a painting competition on the aspects of 21st February. The honourable D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest. He made a little but vital speech on the significance of the day. The function came to an end with the distributions of prizes. No more today. More when we shall meet. Catch you later. Yours sincerely, ‘S’ Write an email to your friend describing your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our school . Okay, here it is. Our school is one standing institutions. It was founded in 1845. The school is located in the heart of Chittagong. It is adjacent to ‘Y’ road. The school is five minutes walk from my residence. The school is a two-storied building. There are thirty class rooms. The rooms are spacious and airy. Our school sits in two shifts morning shift and day shift. There are about 1500 students and 35 teachers in our school. The Headmaster is an M.A. B. Ed. He is a capable administrator. The school sits at 10 a. m. and breaks up at 4.30. We get half an hour break after the 4th period. There are the ‘Headmaster’s room, teachers’ common room, the office room the library room, the prayer room and the hall room besides the classroom. A very big field lies inside the ground. We play football cricket, hockey, basketball, table-tennis and other games there after school hours. The school has a big common room. Ours is one of the leading schools in the country. It has been the training ground of many eminent men. I truly boast of being a student of such a highly esteemed institution. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Letter to a friend describing the annual sports recently held in your school To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email gave me much delight.You will be glad to know that we observed the annual sports of our school on January 31.On this ceremony our school campus and the surroundings of the play ground were decorated with colourful papers , flowers and festoons.The chairman of Chittagong board in inaugurated the programe at 8 A.M. There were at least thirty events including many races.The first event was 100 metres race.Among the events sack race and three-legged race were interesting.The tug of war between the students and teachers was the last event and it gave us the gratest entertainment. The Hon’ble D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest .After giving a short speech he gave away the prizes among the winners.With the distributions of prizes the function came to and end. I got two prizes.It was indeed, a happy occasion for me. No more, today.With love and good wishes. Yours ever Arif Suppose you are an English scout named Becky. You’ve visited a Bangladeshi scout named Masum’s family. Now write an email to your mother about your feelings and experience after visiting Masum’s family. To: rokeyahossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear Mother, Hope you are well. I am enjoying my visit to Bangladesh. After completing the scout camp. I want to visit a Bangladeshi friend named Masum’s house. I am going to tell you the experience and family after visiting his family. I was introduced with Masum’s family. All the family members received me cordially. Masum’s grand parents, uncle, aunts lived with them. Their house made of clay with a tin roof and this surprised me very much. Each room detached from one another. I was entertained with Bangladeshi foods- vegetable curry, dal, fish, chop etc. at lunch. Though foods were spicy and but I enjoyed those. Foods were delicious. I was most surprised by the dress Masum’s mother were. It is called saree! a 16 fat long cloth. It looks really nice. I am planning to buy one for you. This sisters wore “solwar” and “Kamiz”. Sents wore “punjabi”, “lungi”. I liked thier cloths very much. The family touched my heart. I shall remember them for a long time. No more today. With best regards. Your loving Becky Write an email to your younger brother saying him the bad effects of smoking. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘S’, Take my very best wishes in the beginning of the email. I was very glad to hear about your brilliant result in the annual examination but on the contrary I became very disappointed when I came to know that you have recently adopted a dangerous habit, you have been addicted to smoking. Dear brother, you can’t even imagine how dangerous smoking is! It is no less harmful than poison. It contains nicotine which can cause lungs cancer, bronchitis, heart disease etc. it ruins the vitality of life and hastens death. It is a fact that smoking is like committing suicide. That is why; I would like to advise you to give up smoking without any more delay. I do believe you can easily give up this bed habit if you are determined enough. No more today. Tender my best regards to parents. With love and best wishes, Your elder brother ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your mother about your experience and feeling after visiting a friend’s family. To: rokeyahossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Mother, I received your email yesterday. You are anxious to know about my arrival from Raju’s village. Yes, I arrived yesterday. It was really a pleasant trip for me. My stay with them was extremely delightful. Raju’s mother prepared so delicious and special dishes for me. She is really an excellent cook! She was so nice to me. And Raju’s father also found time from his so busy schedule to take us on excursions and to cultural programmes in the evenings. I enjoyed every day, every hour, every moment of their hospitality. In fact I can’t remember ever having enjoyed myself so much and so thoroughly anywhere! It was really very nice of me to spend a week with them. I heartily appreciate Raju’s hospitality and affection of his parents for me. I wish I could visit again. How are you passing your days? Don’t worry about me. I am fine and going on with my regular life smoothly. Regards to father and you. Love to Ryan. Your loving son, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your uncle thanking him for your birthday present. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘A’, My birthday passed off smoothly and happily yesterday. But we all missed you so much. I received your kind email and charming present just in time. I can realise how much you love me and why you could not come, though you tried your best to do so. Believe me, my dear uncle, of all the presents I have got yours is the loveliest. The book you sent me is really praiseworthy. I have long been in need of this book and it has come from you. It would be really very useful to me. I heartily thank you for this charming present and I shall keep it as a token of your deep love for me. I shall tell you all about my birthday in my next email. Convey my love and best wishes aunt and Kate. Yours ever, Rahat You have a friend named Kamal who achieved GPA 5 in the SSC examination. Now write an email congratulating him on his brilliant success. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear Kamal, Hearty congratulations on your well-deserved success in the S.S.C. Examination. I always knew in my heart that you will surely make a very good result and when I have come to know that you have passed the exam in ‘A+’ grade, my joys knows no bound. You are really worthy of GPA 5. We expected of you such a performance and the result has fulfilled our expectations. You see, life is earnest and life is struggle. You worked hard and your efforts are crowned with success. My parents are also very glad to know of your success. It will be a great pleasure for us if you visit us shortly. I am pretty well. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend congratulating him on his brilliant success in the exam. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear Kamal, Hearty congratulations on your well-deserved success in the S.S.C. Examination. I always knew in my heart that you will surely make a very good result and when I have come to know that you have passed the exam in ‘A+’ grade, my joys knows no bound. You are really worthy of GPA 5. We expected of you such a performance and the result has fulfilled our expectations. You see, life is earnest and life is struggle. You worked hard and your efforts are crowned with success. My parents are also very glad to know of your success. It will be a great pleasure for us if you visit us shortly. I am pretty well. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your father saying how you have prepared for the upcoming exam. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear Dad, I received your email yesterday. I am much obliged for your affectionate email and the valuable advice it contains. You are anxious to know about my preparation in the ensuing examination. You will be glad to know that I always follow your instructions about study and health. What I can say is that I have made a fair progress in my preparation for the examination. No one knows what questions will be set in the examination. So I have consulted the teachers of the respective subject that I might have an idea of the nature of questions. However, some problems of Mathematics are still a problem to me. The rules of English Grammar also elude me. So I feel the need of some help in these papers. In this regard, I am taking help from the respective teachers. I hope to make up this deficiency in the remaining days before the commencement of the examination. You often tell me that for success, one must work hard at one’s books from the very beginning and I am glad that I have followed your advice accordingly. I am still working hard, for I do not want to leave anything to chance. Please be not anxious about my health. I am taking particular care of it. Convey my deepest affection to Hemal. Your loving son, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend about how you celebrated the Pahela Baishakh. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Your email is just to hand. You wanted to know with what enthusiasm we have celebrated Pahela Baishakh. A day-long programme was there which included cultural function and other items. Well, here it is. The function was arranged by our school authority. Some girls wearing white sari with red corner inaugurated the programme by singing a very melodious song. After that our honourable teacher, Mr. Hasan very beautifully narrated the primitive history of Bangla year. Then started the reciting competition composed by the young poets and based on ‘Pahela Baishakh’. Mr. Nasiruddin, the Headmaster of our school discussed on the importance of ‘Pahela Baishakh’ in the national life of Bangladesh. The second part of the programme was arranged by different songs composed by the established poets and lyricists. The full audience made the pin-drop silence as some famous new and old singers performed with superb melody. The third phase of the programme started with the declaration of our deep and inborn relationship with ‘Pahela Baishakh’. At the end some tasty food were distributed among all the guests. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. This is, in short, how we have observed the Pahela Baishakh up to a desired standard. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Suppose you are given a chance to enjoy a free ride for half an hour by an air company. You can choose either a plane or a helicopter. Write an email to your friend saying which one you will choose and why? To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, I am glad to receive your email. From your email I have come to know about your enjoying summer vacation. In our country now we are enjoying winter vacation. Today I will let you know about an interesting thing. I am happy to inform you that a new air company has offered me a free air-ride for half an hour. I may fly by a chopper or a wide-bodied plane. The choice is mine. I think I would fly by a chopper. The speed of the chopper is slower than that of the wide-bodied plane. Besides, it can fly lower than the plane. These will give me better opportunity to observe the green trees and fields and rivers of our country from the air. But if I fly by a big plane, I will miss many of the beauties of Bangladesh. So I have made up my mind to fly by a helicopter. I hope you will agree with me on this point. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Suppose your name is Karim. Write an email to Zahed who lives in Rangpur describing how you enjoyed the Eid Ul Fitr this year. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Zahed, This is the end of the vacation of Eid. This time I along with our family have visited our village home and spent the festival there. We had reached the village two days before. My two cousins with their families also visited the village. On the eve of the Eid we passed the night in excitement, and made various preparations. Some of us used fireworks and decorated and illuminated our houses. As soon as the day dawned all rose from our beds. We had our bath. Then we dressed ourselves in the best clothes. This being over, we all proceeded towards the ‘maidan’ to offer prayers in congregation. It is really an imposing sight when thousands of devout heads bow down to the Almighty and rise again in unison. At the end, we embraced one another. Then we came back to our houses and we wished our grandmother, mothers and sisters. Meanwhile mother and aunts prepared ‘shemai’ and other kinds of sweets. Then all of us took sweets with great joy and merriment. Sweets were also distributed among the poor, friends and relatives. Poor people gathered at the lawn of the houses and my grandfather gave them money and clothes. In the evening we visited the houses of our relatives and passed our time in merry-making. Everywhere we were received with utmost cordiality and hospitality. Then we came back our home. Sumptuous dinner was held in our home. At night we all got together and had a gossip for a long time. There we sang songs, cut jokes etc. Thus the day passed through great excitement and bustle. We went to bed late at night. This is how we passed our Eid with joy. What about you? Let me know. This is all for today. With best wishes. Yours sincerely, Karim Suppose you are given an opportunity to buy a double dicker, bus, car, rickshaw or a scooter. Write an email to your friend explaining which one you will buy and why. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Best wishes to you. I received your email yesterday. In your email you wanted to know how I am enjoying my life in this new town. Well, life in this town is a real fun; waking up early in the morning, going to school, roaming around with friends, having chat in the canteen and there are a lot more. But one problem is that it is hard to reach my school as it is five miles away from my residence. I usually go by bus but I am looking for a much more convenient method. So my father asked me to choose any vehicle I like for my convenience and he will buy that for me. I preferred a car. I have chosen it because it is faster and much more relaxing than sitting in a bus among a crowd of people. However, you please let me know about your life. Convey my regards to your parents and love to your younger brothers and sisters. Well, that’s all. Hoping to hear from you soon. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your younger brother Nuru informing him how to use internet. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Nuru, In your last email you informed that you are going to take the connection of the Internet and you wanted to know about the use of it. Now I am going to tell you about how to use the Internet. You know that receiving and sending various types of information is the main function of the Internet. Communication of data and storage of data are the foremost facilities in Internet. So it is not difficult enough to use the internet I think you have known how to use a computer. Using the Internet takes nothing more than the ability to use a computer. The only difference is that you have to use particular software. Data move through Internet in packet form. The destination and address is involved with these packets, and accordingly, these packets reach the destination. By this time, these packets pass through mid level or regional network. If you click on the icon of browsing such as the Microsoft Explorer or Netscape Navigator you will automatically get logged on the Internet. Now you will find a space for writing the address of the web page you want to see. If you write the address you will get to see that page. You can also go to a search engine for finding a particular page or a piece of information. A search information is a system through which you can search for information on web pages containing information. Yahoo and Microsoft Network are such engines. Now I am sure you will be able to look for your desired information on the Internet. Let me know about your progress. With love. Yours elder brother, Rahat Write an email to your friend congratulating him on his brilliant success in the SSC exam. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear Kamal, Hearty congratulations on your well-deserved success in the S.S.C. Examination. I always knew in my heart that you will surely make a very good result and when I have come to know that you have passed the exam in ‘A+’ grade, my joys knows no bound. You are really worthy of GPA 5. We expected of you such a performance and the result has fulfilled our expectations. You see, life is earnest and life is struggle. You worked hard and your efforts are crowned with success. My parents are also very glad to know of your success. It will be a great pleasure for us if you visit us shortly. I am pretty well. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend thanking him for his hospitality. Special letters Write an email to your friend describing him how to adjust with new place ands new food. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, I received your recent email two days ago. Going through the email I came to know about your academic course. It gave me much pleasure that your name topped the score list of the last test. You have also mentioned some troubles that you are confronted with. I feel very sorry for that. As I know, you have been in England for last six months. So, it could be easier for you to adjust yourself with the mode of life there. However, you have told that the food items you have to take do not taste well. This happens because they mostly prefer boiled food as it is nutritious. They do not like much spicy or fried food for the food loses its nutritive elements in this way. Moreover, they rely on fruit juice and different types of vegetables which are essential for our body. I can understand that you miss the regular ‘bhat’, ‘roti’ or fried fish. But don’t worry. In a few days you have been accustomed to it and you will be healthier than before. Besides, you have also mentioned about your new place. Most of the time it is too cold for you to bear. In this regard, I can suggest you that you should follow the other English people for your protection from cold. Moreover, the loneliness makes you sometimes bored, as I feel. In that case, you should go through different kinds of books. You can also have some sort of recreations which may delight you. Sometimes, you can try to write something creative. By following all these things you can try to adjust yourself with the life of your new place and food. I think this can give you comfort to some extent. This is all for today. Hoping to hear from you more. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend telling him about your aim in life. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Chittagong, My dear ‘A’, I have received your email of the 5th instant. You wanted to know what my aim in life is after completing my academic career. Though this is really a tough matter to decide, even then I have an aim of my own as everyone should have. Here I am going to tell you about this. I have decided to be a computer engineer. The modern world is the world of computer. Age-old system of keeping record in files is gradually making way for computer based data processing. It is used in schools, colleges, offices, banks, airlines, shops, laboratories, hospitals, libraries. Computer based telecommunication network sets up instant links with any part of the world at any time. Automation has replaced manual labour in factories. In the field of medical, computerised machines are doing wonders. Though Bangladesh is yet to develop in science and technology, she is trying to use computer science in solving different problems. In this situation, I think it would be a wise choice if I want to be a Computer Engineer. Let me know your opinion which would help me more. No more today. I am hale and hearty. Best regards to uncle and aunt. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Letters: Write an email to your friend congratulating him on his brilliant success in the SSC exam. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘K’, Hearty congratulations on your well-deserved success in the S.S.C. Examination. I always knew in my heart that you will surely make a very good result and when I have come to know that you have passed the exam in ‘A+’ grade, my joys knows no bound. You are really worthy of GPA 5. We expected of you such a performance and the result has fulfilled our expectations. You see, life is earnest and life is struggle. You worked hard and your efforts are crowned with success. My parents are also very glad to know of your success. It will be a great pleasure for us if you visit us shortly. I am pretty well. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend to join your birthday party. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘A’, I have a great pleasure to inform you that my fifteenth birthday comes off on Thursday next. This time my parents desire to celebrate my birthday in a grand and befitting manner. I cordially invite you to join the party. We have arranged a day-long programme including the birthday party. In it, there would be a cultural function in the evening. Some renowned artists have promised to take part in the function. So we hope to enjoy the party with mirth and merriment and your presence will certainly encourage us. I will be much pleased if you come and share this memorable moment of my life with me. No more now. More when we meet. With best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Letters: Write an email to your friend Salma about a river journey you made and the reason of choosing a river journey. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear Salma, I received your email the day before yesterday. I shall give you a pen picture of the river journey that I have recently made. We were three in number. We made the journey from Mongla to Paikgachha. We hired a big boat. The boatman and the oarsmen were very nice people. We had our breakfast early in the morning. We started at 8 a. m. The sky was clear and the weather was fine. The river was calm. It was full to the brim. Our boatmen rowed for a while and then set sail. The boat began to move smoothly. There were small waves on the river. We enjoyed scenes on both sides of the river. We saw many boys and girls bathing and swimming in the river. Fishermen were catching fish. Women were seen taking water. We reached a market at 12 o’clock. The boatmen cast anchor. We got down. We had our lunch in the local restaurant. The boatmen took rest for a while. Then they raised anchor. Again we started our return journey. The boatmen tried to reach the destination before sunset. It was late afternoon. The sun was setting. We enjoyed the sunset. The boat moved slowly and we reached our destination. It was dark all around. A journey by boat gives a different feeling than the other types of journey. It gives one a chance to relax. This particular journey gave me immense pleasure. It will remain evergreen in my mind. This is all for today. Hope to hear from you more. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Suppose you are given an opportunity to buy a double dicker, bus, car, rickshaw or a scooter. Write an email to your friend explaining which one you will buy and why. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Best wishes to you. I received your email yesterday. In your email you wanted to know how I am enjoying my life in this new town. Well, life in this town is a real fun --- waking up early in the morning, going to school, roaming around with friends, having chat in the canteen and there are a lot more. But one problem is that it is hard to reach my school as it is five miles away from my residence. I usually go by bus but I am looking for a much more convenient method. So my father asked me to choose any vehicle I like for my convenience and he will buy that for me. I preferred a car. I have chosen it because it is faster and much more relaxing than sitting in a bus among a crowd of people. However, you please let me know about your life. Convey my regards to your parents and love to your younger brothers and sisters. Well, that’s all. Hoping to hear from you soon. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your younger brother about how to use internet. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘H’, In your last email you informed that you are going to take the connection of the Internet and you wanted to know about the use of it. Now I am going to tell you about how to use the Internet. You know that receiving and sending various types of information is the main function of the Internet. Communication of data and storage of data are the foremost facilities in Internet. So it is not difficult enough to use the internet I think you have known how to use a computer. Using the Internet takes nothing more than the ability to use a computer. The only difference is that you have to use particular software. Data move through Internet in packet form. The destination and address is involved with these packets, and accordingly, these packets reach the destination. By this time, these packets pass through mid level or regional network. If you click on the icon of browsing such as the Microsoft Explorer or Netscape Navigator you will automatically get logged on the Internet. Now you will find a space for writing the address of the web page you want to see. If you write the address you will get to see that page. You can also go to a search engine for finding a particular page or a piece of information. A search information is a system through which you can search for information on web pages containing information. Yahoo and Microsoft Network are such engines. Now I am sure you will be able to look for your desired information on the Internet. Let me know about your progress. With love. Write an email to your friend about the importance of reading newspaper. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear 'H', I am extremely sorry to know that you do not take interest to read newspaper. Now you are a citizen of an independent state. You should remain in touch with the outside world. You should go through journals, magazine and novels, especially you should read newspaper daily. Newspaper is a store-house of knowledge. It makes our mind fresh. It gives us scope to learn the living language spoken by the civilized people. It helps us to express our views in a simple idiomatic style. On the whole newspapers are the fountains of knowledge and source of pleasures. I think now you can understand the importance of reading newspaper. So, I tell you to read newspaper daily. I hope you will carry out what I have told you to do. Take care of your health. No more today, with love and best wishes. Your elder brother, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend about co-curricular activities of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Your sweet note has anchored the shore of my heart. In it you have mentioned about your school. I wish I could visit your school once. I feel very much delighted to tell you about my school. Well, here it is. Our school is situated in the centre of the city. The name of my school is -----------------. It is a boys’ school. I am fortunate enough to study in such a school. However, the teachers of our school are very friendly with us. We can depend on our teachers not only for study matters but also for matters related to our other interests. Some of them run activity clubs in school. Among these, debate club, musical club are remarkable. The recreational clubs also arrange musical programme, drama etc. Besides they regularly participate in different indoor and outdoor games. There are some other extra-curricular activities clubs, such as B.N.C.C, Girl’s Guide, Bangladesh Red Crescent Society. Most of the students join in all these clubs and can learn many other things which they don’t get in their text books. In short I can tell you that studying in this school is a great experience. Along with the regular study we can develop our other abilities as well. This is all for today. Please write to me soon. With best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend about your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Your sweet note has anchored the shore of my heart. In it you have mentioned about your school. I wish I could visit your school once. I feel very much delighted to tell you about my school. Well, here it is. Our school is situated in the centre of the city. The name of my school is -----------------. It is a boys’ school. I am fortunate enough to study in such a school because it is one of the biggest and most famous schools in our town. It has an area of 4 acres. There are three buildings and a large field in our school. I should say that we are lucky to have ample space both classes and at field. The buildings house the classrooms, the laboratories, the teachers’ lounge and the office. We also have a canteen in one building. In the field we have space for hide and seek and handball. Our school remains very busy all through the day. The morning shift begins at 8 in the morning and runs till 12 in the afternoon with a break at 10 o’clock. The day shift starts at 12.30 in the afternoon and continues till 4.30 with a break at 2.30. We have about two thousand and five hundred students in 25 sections of 10 classes. In class nine we have 8 periods everyday. The teachers of our school are very friendly with us. We can depend on our teachers not only for study matters but also for matters related to our other interests. Some of them run activity clubs in school. Among these, debate club, musical club are remarkable. The recreational clubs also arrange musical programme, drama etc. Besides they regularly participate in different indoor and outdoor games. There are some other extra-curricular activities clubs, such as B.N.C.C, Girl’s Guide, Bangladesh Red Crescent Society. Most of the students join in all these clubs and can learn many other things which they don’t get in their text books. In short I can tell you that studying in this school is a great experience. Along with the regular study we can develop our other abilities as well. This is all for today. Please write to me soon. With best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend describing a recent fair you visited. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘A’ This is many days since you wrote to me. I am highly eager to let you know about a visit to a fair in our village, which I have recently made. You know that the last few days were the vacation of autumn. So I went to visit my native village. There I along with my cousin went to a village fair. Indeed it was an amazing experience. The fair was full of din and bustle. Immense crowds were making their way towards the fair. The fair was held over the open space around the shrine of a Muslim saint. There were long rows of booths with broad passages between. In these booths were displayed almost all sorts of things; toys, cosmetics, knives, whistles, earthen wares, brass wares, fruits and sweets. It seemed to be a kind of exhibition in miniature of cottage industries. The rural artisans and craftsmen brought their handmade articles to the fair. Different forms of amusements were also accommodated to provide a happy diversion to the rural people. ‘Travelling jatra parties’, ‘Nagar- dolas’ ‘Circus parties’ etc were showing their feats and performances. A magician too was found under a small tent ready to show his tricks to the people against small sum. But the largest crowd gathered around the place where jugglers exhibited their feats. After visiting the fair I realised that the fair really inspired the skilled hands of cottage industries and helped the farmers by building their economy. It was a means of recreation, change and social get-together of the village people. The experience of visiting the fair is really engraved in my heart for long. That’s all for today. Hope to hear from you. With best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend thanking him for his hospitality. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, How are you? I hope you are quite hale & hearty. It has been about a week I came back from your house. Those three days of my life are my sweetest memories. I can’t describe you in words how happy I was there. Your father was a real noble man. His calm face and gracious attitude makes him worthy of respect. Your mother is a kind hearted angel. I will never forget how kind she was to be. Your younger brother and sister were also very enthusiastic. I really enjoyed their company. I would indeed like to thank you for such hospitality. My mother told me to ask you to our house at this summer vacation. I am sure you can’t say no to me. No more today, I am looking forward for your email to know when you are coming. Convey my deepest regards to your parents and best wishes to your brother and sisters. Your friend, Rahat Suppose you are Priyanka. Write an email to your friend about the importance of games and sports. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Jane, How are you? I hope you are quite hale & hearty. I was glad to hear about your brilliant success in the 1st terminal examination. But the word of your mother that you remain busy only in study and you have no interest in games and sports made me worried. Games and sports are useful to us in many ways. In ancient Greece games and sports were integral part of education. It the developed countries of the world, it is still a part of education. Games and sports are essential for our physical and mental refreshment. A healthy brain can only reside in a healthy body. Games and sports helps us to maintain good health. In every game there are certain rules and regulation so it helps us to be disciplined in our life. It develops our ability to take decisions and makes our mind firm. I hope my words will be able to make you aware about the importance of games and sports. I thing you should spend some times in games and sports along side with your studies. No more today, write me soon. Your friend, Priyanka Suppose you are Arif. Write an email to your friend about your picnic in Kuakata. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Chittagong, My dear ‘A’, How are you? I hope you are quite hale & hearty. I could not write to you because I was awfully busy with my programme at Kuakata. I arrived in Chittagong yesterday and now am writing to you about my visit to Kuakata. I along with 50 other students of our school went there with three of our teachers. The beach of kuakata is different from all other sea-beaches of Bangladesh because it is the only place where you can watch the sun-rise. I can’t describe you how beautiful the scene of sunrise is. Though nature has blessed the place with all her gifts, the place still requires a great deal of care. The transportation system to go to Kuakata is not up to the mark. If it is taken proper care, Kuakata will surely become the greatest tourist attraction of the country. No more today, write me soon. Yours ever, Arif Write an email to your younger brother about your experience of visiting Dhaka city. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My Dear ‘A’ Today I am going to write to you about my recent visit to Dhaka. Dhaka is an old city. It is now the capital of Bangladesh and her principal city. Many things I learnt from books and from the talks of my parents and teachers. I felt a strong attraction for Dhaka and I had strange fancies about the name of Dhaka. But Dhaka remained an imaginary place to me so long because I could not see it with my own eyes. I had an opportunity, however, to see the capital of my dream when my uncle invited me to pay a visit to Dhaka and to be his guest. I availed myself of the opportunity and paid a visit to Dhaka during the last summer. During my short stay at Dhaka, I moved from place to place by bus, rickshaw and baby taxi. When I passed through Nawabpur Road, I was struck by the dazzling sight of the big shops. I went to Gulistan, the D. I. T. Avenue, and Motijheel Commercial Area. The wide and spacious National Stadium, the Baitul Mokerram Mosque, the tall and big buildings of Motijheel Commercial Area, the G.P.O and the Bangladesh all impressed me very much. Next morning I visited the Lalbag Killa, Bara Katara and Chhota Katara. These are the remnants of the Mughal rule. Here old touches and memories hover all around. At Lalbag we also saw the Tomb of Pari Bibi, the daughter of Shaistha Khan. On the way we saw the Dhakeswari Temple built by Ballal Sen. But the New Town, the Sher-e-Banglanagar, the latest extension of Dhaka and Tejgaon Industrial Area presented a different sight altogether. Everything about them is new and modern. The Medical College, the University, Salimullah Muslim Hall, the High Court, the Engineer’s Institute, the Secretariat, the Assembly House, Hotel Sheraton and Sonargaon are all designed according to modern taste. The Ramna Green, the Suhrawardy Udyan and the beautiful lawns attracted me much. I also visited the New Market, Azimpur Colony, the Gulshan Model town and derived much pleasure from their charming sights. I also went to Zia International Airport and saw planes taking off and coming down. My first visit to Dhaka was of great interest. It has widened my knowledge and experience. It has given me practical knowledge which books can never give and has brought past history in vivid form before my mind’s eyes. I think this description will tempt you to visit the city of Dhaka. That’s all for today. Hope you are in sound health and joyful time. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your pen-friend about your hobby To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My Dear ‘A’ I hope you are heal and hearty by the grace of Almighty. I am so so, today I am going to write you about my hobby. My hobby is stamp -collecting. It keeps my mind happy and fresh. I collect stamps from many sources and keep them nicely in my album. I am very interested in collecting stamps of other countries of the world. We find in the stamps the pictures of important buildings, towers, mosques, beautiful gardens, national heroes, national flowers, birds and animals. It is very exciting to look at the stamps. The stamps are of different size, shapes, colours and price. So far as I have collected forty-nine different types of stamps of the countries like Great Britain, the U.S.A. Japan, France, India, Pakistan, Uganda, Saudi, Arabia, Iraq, and Iran. These stamps give me some knowledge of the history and geography of these countries. I also buy stamps from a stationery shop in the local market. My pen friend, a Japanese boy, also sends me stamps from Tokyo. Stamp -collecting is really a pleasant hobby and I am trying to collect more and more stamp. No more today, write me soon about your hobby. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend about a memorable day of your life To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, How are you? It has been quite a while since I heard you last. I hope everything is ok by the grace of Almighty. You would be delighted to know that during the last Autumn holidays we enjoyed a picnic at Sitakunda. For the purpose, subscriptions of all the friends were collected and we hired a bus. We did all the shopping of rice, meat, chickens, spices, bread, eggs, banana, cold drinks and so on. We also bought films for the cameras. On the scheduled morning we set out at 8 o’clock. It was a pleasant journey. We sang all the way to the spot, many of us cut jokes and we all burst out laughing. The spot was of scenic beauty surrounded by large trees with branches spreading to provide cool shade. We had our snacks. Some of us sat to prepare our dinner. There were lakes and hills. We ran up and down and it gave us immense pleasure. At midday our dinner was ready. We had a grand feast with different types of curry followed by sweets. Though the cooking was of no high order, yet our keen appetite made everything tasteful. After our lunch we sat together to enjoy a little function of fun. Before dusk we set off for home. It was a pleasant return journey. At last we reached home safe and sound. It was really a memorable day of my life. No more today, convey my best regards to your parents and love to the youngers. Your friend, Rahat Write an email to your friend about an exciting cricket match you have enjoyed. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, I hope you are well by the grace of Almighty. You will be delighted to know that Bangladesh cricket team was able to go to the second round of the World Cup Cricket 2007. It was possible only because of an outstanding performance of the team to outplay the Indian cricket team. I know you were busy and were unable to see the match. So, I am giving you a description of the match. You know India is a test playing country and has been playing cricket for years. Their batting line up is one of the strongest of the world. They were the clear favourite of the match. But it was our day. And form the very beginning our cricketers kept the Indian batting under pressure. ‘Mashrafi’ the ‘Norial express’ of Bangladesh was bowling like fire bolts. He provided the early break through Bangladesh needed. We thought spinners will give away the match as Indians have a reputation of playing spin bowling well. But our spinners showed some magic! They proved they were world class bowlers. India was all out only in 198 runs. But still it was a lost task to do. The task was made easy by a teen-star Tamim Iqbal with his blasted batting. He surely reminded ‘Tendulkar’ about his early days. Some quick wickets made us tensed but ‘Sakib-al-Hasan’ was there to ensure the victory. Bangladesh won the match comprehensively by 5 wickets. It was a boost of joy in Bangladesh. We all went out to the street at mid night dancing and singing to celebrate the victory. Really it was one of the greatest victory of Bangladesh cricket. No more today, take care of your health and write me soon. Your friend, Rahat Write an email to your friend inviting him to spend the vacation at your village home. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘A’, It has been quite a while sine I have heard from you last. I think this was because of the 1st term examination. I hope you have had a very good exam. Mine was not bad and I am looking forward for a good result. The school is closed for almost fifteen days due to the summer vacation. I think I need a few days rest after the hard work of the exam. I was thinking to go and spend a few a days in our village home. With the green fields and with the cool and calm shade of the trees our village stands on the bank of halda river. The name of our village is ‘Banigram’. About five thousand people live in our village. They live in peace and harmony. The villages are mostly farmers or labourers. Some are potters, weavers, blacksmiths, fishermen and so on. There is a big market in our village. It is the heart of our village which throbs with the activities of the villagers. There are some brick-built buildings such as the mosque and primary and high school building. There are also a post office, a health-care centre and community centre. Our village has a good road, which links the village with the highway. The village is rich in cultural activities like Jatra, Jarigan, boat-race and bullock-race. Our village is also famous for cottage industries. Our village is as peaceful as heaven and it always help me to forget the monotony of the city life. I think it will help you to refresh your mind too. Why don’t you come and stay with me in our village home for a few days. I know you can’t say no to me. So, no more today; looking forward for your email to know when you are coming. Your friend, Rahat Suppose you have a friend named Kamal who lives in Chittagong. Now write an email to your friend inviting him to your birthday party To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘A’, I have a great pleasure to inform you that my fourteenth birthday comes off on Thursday next. This time my parents desire to celebrate my birthday in a grand and befitting manner. I cordially invite you to join the party. We have arranged a day-long programme including the birthday party. In it, there would be a cultural function in the evening. Some renowned artists have promised to take part in the function. So we hope to enjoy the party with mirth and merriment and your presence will certainly encourage us. I will be much pleased if you come at least one day early. No more now. More when we meet. Take my best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your younger brother about the procedures of opening a bank account. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘A’, It is 15th instant that I have got your email. In it I have come to know that you have got your scholarship money recently and with that money you want to open a bank account. Okay, it’s a good idea that you are not wasting your money lavishly. Now I am going to give you a brief description of opening a bank account. Well, here it is. Opening a bank account is quite easy. You have to make a contact with the nearest bank. There is a provision of an application form. First, you have to fill in the form. Secondly, you are to be introduced by someone who has an account with that particular bank. The introducer must put his signature and write his address and account number in the relevant part of the application. Next, there is a signature card on which you have to put your specimen signature and attach two passport size photographs. The photographs must be attested by the introducer. Then you are given a deposit book and a withdrawal book. At last you require a reasonable amount of money to deposit for opening the account. Thus you can easily open a bank account with the help of a bank manager or any other bank authority. I think this would serve your purpose. This is all for today. Hoping to hear from you. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend about the sports day of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email gave me much delight.You will be glad to know that we observed the annual sports of our school on January 31.On this ceremony our school campus and the surroundings of the play ground were decorated with colourful papers , flowers and festoons.The chairman of Chittagong board in inaugurated the programe at 8 A.M. There were at least thirty events including many races.The first event was 100 metres race.Among the events sack race and three-legged race were interesting.The tug of war between the students and teachers was the last event and it gave us the gratest entertainment. The Hon’ble D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest .After giving a short speech he gave away the prizes among the winners.With the distributions of prizes the function came to and end. I got two prizes.It was indeed, a happy occasion for me. No more, today.With love and good wishes. Yours ever Arif Write an email to your friend describing a recent fair of your village To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘A’ This is many days since you wrote to me. I am highly eager to let you know about a visit to a fair in our village, which I have recently made. You know that the last few days were the vacation of autumn. So I went to visit my native village. There I along with my cousin went to a village fair. Indeed it was an amazing experience. The fair was full of din and bustle. Immense crowds were making their way towards the fair. The fair was held over the open space around the shrine of a Muslim saint. There were long rows of booths with broad passages between. In these booths were displayed almost all sorts of things ---- toys, cosmetics, knives, whistles, earthen wares, brass wares, fruits and sweets. It seemed to be a kind of exhibition in miniature of cottage industries. The rural artisans and craftsmen brought their handmade articles to the fair. Different forms of amusements were also accommodated to provide a happy diversion to the rural people. ‘Travelling jatra parties’, ‘Nagar- dolas’ ‘Circus parties’ etc were showing their feats and performances. A magician too was found under a small tent ready to show his tricks to the people against small sum. But the largest crowd gathered around the place where jugglers exhibited their feats. After visiting the fair I realised that the fair really inspired the skilled hands of cottage industries and helped the farmers by building their economy. It was a means of recreation, change and social get-together of the village people. The experience of visiting the fair is really engraved in my heart for long. That’s all for today. Hope to hear from you. With best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend about how to improve his English To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email is to my hand. Going through the email I came to know that you are now very much interested about learning English and you are facing some difficulties in learning the language. As a friend I think it is my duty to say a few words regarding the matter. Many people, even students, think that English is a difficult language for them to learn. For this they become failure to some extent before they start learning the language. However, there is no reason of thinking that English is tough enough to learn. Again it is seen that many people do not know how to succeed in learning English by following some ways. Here I would like to mention some tips for the learners of English, like you. The success of learning English depends on reading, writing, speaking and hearing. A person who is able to read, write, speak and hear English well is an expert in English. A learner of English should first acquire knowledge of tense, sentence, part of speech, and preposition. Then he should learn words to enrich his English vocabulary. Then he should try to speak English. In this regard he should become fluent and should not care for whether he speaks correctly or wrongly. At this stage he should watch English news, read English newspapers, and any other writings in English. Thirdly he should try to write English correctly. And it may be believed that he would be able to write correct English. Finally he should give his try to hearing. And for this purpose, he should listen to English news channels such as, BBC, CNN as much as he can. If a learner follows this method, I believe, he must be successful in learning English well. Hope this will find you in a sound health and joyful time. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend about a picnic you have recently enjoyed. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘S’, I have received your email of the 5th instant. In it you expressed your inability to join us in the picnic. You also wanted to know my experience in the picnic. Here is a short description of the same. We selected Sonargaon for the picnic spot. We were about thirty-five in number including one of our teachers. We reached there by bus at 9 a.m. with all necessary utensils and materials. After reaching Sonargaon, we finished our breakfast by 9.30 a.m. We had a cook with us. He became busy with cooking. We helped him in different works. Some were cooking, some were singing, some were cutting jokes and others were playing different types of games. At about 2 p.m. the lunch was ready. By this time all of us became very hungry. All of us took our lunch with full appetite. After lunch we went out for sight seeing. You know Sonargaon is a place of historical interest. It was once the capital of Bengal. The museum of Sonargaon charmed us most. We started for home at 5 p.m. after taking our tea. We enjoyed the picnic most and the day will ever be remembered. What a pleasure it would have been if you had been in the midst of us! Really, we missed you very much. This is all for today. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your younger brother about not to adopt unfair means in the exam. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘N’ Your email is to hand. From your email I have come to know that your examination is knocking at the door. I do not know how you have prepared yourself for the ensuing examination. This examination is very important as your life will be moulded according to the results of this examination Examinations are nothing but evaluation of your knowledge, how well you have learnt your lessons. But some students take the examination in a different way. They want to secure good marks by adopting unfair means in the examination. The whole year they neglect their studies and are inattentive to the class lectures. At the time of examination, they depend on copying or asking answers from their friends in the examination hall. They think that they gain in this way. But they actually gain nothing. First of all, they do not attain any knowledge. They violate the discipline of the examination. They spoil the sanctity of an educational institution. They are looked down upon by all in the society. I know, ‘N’ that you are regular in your studies and will not be tempted to adopt any unfairmeans in the examination hall. No more today. Love to you. Your elder brother, Rahat Write an email to your father asking for money to buy some new books. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear Father, I received your email a few days back. I was very busy with my class tests that I could not reply you in time. Now I am very busy with my studies. I am trying to do a brilliant result in the ensuing examination. I have to buy a few books. I need some books, which will cost me take seven hundred. I need grammar books in English as well as in Bengali. I also require two other reference books on Science/Physics and Chemistry. Father, I am very sorry to annoy you. But without these books I cannot expect to obtain good marks in the ensuing examination. I am getting on well with my studies and health. Regards to you and mother, love to the youngers. Your son, Rahat Write an email to your friend about the annual sports day of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email gave me much delight.You will be glad to know that we observed the annual sports of our school on January 31.On this ceremony our school campus and the surroundings of the play ground were decorated with colourful papers , flowers and festoons.The chairman of Chittagong board in inaugurated the programe at 8 A.M. There were at least thirty events including many races.The first event was 100 metres race.Among the events sack race and three-legged race were interesting.The tug of war between the students and teachers was the last event and it gave us the gratest entertainment. The Hon’ble D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest .After giving a short speech he gave away the prizes among the winners.With the distributions of prizes the function came to and end. I got two prizes.It was indeed, a happy occasion for me. No more, today.With love and good wishes. Yours ever Arif Write an email to your pen-friend about the food habit of the people of your country. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Chittagong, I am very glad to receive your email. You have wanted to know about the food habit of Bangladeshi people. People in Bangladesh generally take the same food at breakfast, lunch and dinner. The villagers usually eat rice three times a day. They also take dal, meat and vegetables. The urban people usually take egg, bread made of wheat or flour along with fried vegetables or sweets and a cup of tea a breakfast. In lunch, they eat rice with curry of fish or meat and dal. They take rice, vegetables, curry, dal, etc. for dinner .Now-a-day some people in the rural areas eat bread to control their health. Some foods such as fast food like singara, samocha etc. Cold drinks , chips, burger, sand witches, chops, pizza, hamburger etc. are becoming popular day by day in our country. The modes of eating are also different between the rural and urban people. The urban people have started eating some western items of food but the rural people are not familiar with them. In fact, people in our country, especially the young people are changing their attitude towards western items. No more today .I am eagerly waiting for your next email. Sincerely yours. Akash Write an email to your younger brother about how to adjust with new place and new food. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear brother ‘A’, I received your recent email two days ago. Going through the email I came to know about your academic course. It gave me much pleasure that your name topped the score list of the last test. You have also mentioned some troubles that you are confronted with. I feel very sorry for that. As I know, you have been in England for last six months. So, it could be easier for you to adjust yourself with the mode of life there if you follow my advice. However, you have told that the food items you have to take do not taste well. This happens because they mostly prefer boiled food as it is nutritious. They do not like much spicy or fried food for the food loses its nutritive elements in this way. Moreover, they rely on fruit juice and different types of vegetables which are essential for our body. I can understand that you miss the regular ‘bhat’, ‘roti’ or fried fish. But don’t worry. In a few days you have been accustomed to it and you will be healthier than before. Besides, you have also mentioned about your new place. Most of the time it is too cold for you to bear. In this regard, I can suggest you that you should follow the other English people for your protection from cold. Moreover, the loneliness makes you sometimes bored, as I feel. In that case, you should go through different kinds of books. You can also have some sort of recreations which may delight you. Sometimes, you can try to write something creative. By following all these things you can try to adjust yourself with the life of your new place and food. I think this can give you comfort to some extent. This is all for today. Hoping to hear from you more. Your elder brother, Rahat Write an email to your friend about an exciting cricket match you have enjoyed. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, I hope you are well by the grace of Almighty. You will be delighted to know that Bangladesh cricket team was able to go to the second round of the World Cup Cricket 2007. It was possible only because of an outstanding performance of the team to outplay the Indian cricket team. I know you were busy and were unable to see the match. So, I am giving you a description of the match. You know India is a test playing country and has been playing cricket for years. Their batting line up is one of the strongest of the world. They were the clear favourite of the match. But it was our day. And form the very beginning our cricketers kept the Indian batting under pressure. ‘Mashrafi’ the ‘Norial express’ of Bangladesh was bowling like fire bolts. He provided the early break through Bangladesh needed. We thought spinners will give away the match as Indians have a reputation of playing spin bowling well. But our spinners showed some magic! They proved they were world class bowlers. India was all out only in 198 runs. But still it was a lost task to do. The task was made easy by a teen-star Tamim Iqbal with his blasted batting. He surely reminded ‘Tendulkar’ about his early days. Some quick wickets made us tensed but ‘Sakib-al-Hasan’ was there to ensure the victory. Bangladesh won the match comprehensively by 5 wickets. It was a boost of joy in Bangladesh. We all went out to the street at mid night dancing and singing to celebrate the victory. Really it was one of the greatest victory of Bangladesh cricket. No more today, take care of your health and write me soon. Your friend, Rahat Write an email to you friend about your visit to a place of historic interest To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your sweet note anchored my heart. I am getting on well with my studies. Today I am going to write to you about the excursion which we have recently made from our school. Our school authority has decided to make a short trip to Bagerhat. Accordingly we did it. It is a place of historical in Bangladesh. By train I reached Bagerhat. I hired a rickshaw and went to visit the Shat Gambuj Mosque. During our visit to that historical place, we have come to know about many interesting things. The mosque was built in 1440 by Khan Jahan Ali, a preacher of Islam. The area of Shat Gambuj Mosque is very big. The mosque is beautifully decorated with terracota flowers, foliage and plain architecture. It stands on sixty pillars. It was 77 domes instead of 60 domes. The inside walls are very thick and flowers are painted on it. It is a work of great art and engineering skill of the period. There is a prayer house which is beautifully decorated. I also visited the largest tanks known as Dargadighi and Ghoradighi near the mosque. I was wondered at the sight of all these activities of human beings in the days long past. I think this description will tempt you to pay a visit the place. No more today. Please write to me soon. With love. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your younger brother about your experience of visiting Dhaka city. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My Dear ‘A’ Today I am going to write to you about my recent visit to Dhaka. Dhaka is an old city. It is now the capital of Bangladesh and her principal city. Many things I learnt from books and from the talks of my parents and teachers. I felt a strong attraction for Dhaka and I had strange fancies about the name of Dhaka. But Dhaka remained an imaginary place to me so long because I could not see it with my own eyes. I had an opportunity, however, to see the capital of my dream when my uncle invited me to pay a visit to Dhaka and to be his guest. I availed myself of the opportunity and paid a visit to Dhaka during the last summer. During my short stay at Dhaka, I moved from place to place by bus, rickshaw and baby taxi. When I passed through Nawabpur Road, I was struck by the dazzling sight of the big shops. I went to Gulistan, the D. I. T. Avenue, and Motijheel Commercial Area. The wide and spacious National Stadium, the Baitul Mokerram Mosque, the tall and big buildings of Motijheel Commercial Area, the G.P.O and the Bangladesh all impressed me very much. Next morning I visited the Lalbag Killa, Bara Katara and Chhota Katara. These are the remnants of the Mughal rule. Here old touches and memories hover all around. At Lalbag we also saw the Tomb of Pari Bibi, the daughter of Shaistha Khan. On the way we saw the Dhakeswari Temple built by Ballal Sen. But the New Town, the Sher-e-Banglanagar, the latest extension of Dhaka and Tejgaon Industrial Area presented a different sight altogether. Everything about them is new and modern. The Medical College, the University, Salimullah Muslim Hall, the High Court, the Engineer’s Institute, the Secretariat, the Assembly House, Hotel Sheraton and Sonargaon are all designed according to modern taste. The Ramna Green, the Suhrawardy Udyan and the beautiful lawns attracted me much. I also visited the New Market, Azimpur Colony, the Gulshan Model town and derived much pleasure from their charming sights. I also went to Zia International Airport and saw planes taking off and coming down. My first visit to Dhaka was of great interest. It has widened my knowledge and experience. It has given me practical knowledge which books can never give and has brought past history in vivid form before my mind’s eyes. I think this description will tempt you to visit the city of Dhaka. That’s all for today. Hope you are in sound health and joyful time. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your pen-friend about your hobby To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My Dear ‘A’ I hope you are heal and hearty by the grace of Almighty. I am so so, today I am going to write you about my hobby. My hobby is stamp -collecting. It keeps my mind happy and fresh. I collect stamps from many sources and keep them nicely in my album. I am very interested in collecting stamps of other countries of the world. We find in the stamps the pictures of important buildings, towers, mosques, beautiful gardens, national heroes, national flowers, birds and animals. It is very exciting to look at the stamps. The stamps are of different size, shapes, colours and price. So far as I have collected forty-nine different types of stamps of the countries like Great Britain, the U.S.A. Japan, France, India, Pakistan, Uganda, Saudi, Arabia, Iraq, and Iran. These stamps give me some knowledge of the history and geography of these countries. I also buy stamps from a stationery shop in the local market. My pen friend, a Japanese boy, also sends me stamps from Tokyo. Stamp -collecting is really a pleasant hobby and I am trying to collect more and more stamp. No more today, write me soon about your hobby. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend about a memorable day of your life To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, How are you? It has been quite a while since I heard you last. I hope everything is ok by the grace of Almighty. You would be delighted to know that during the last Autumn holidays we enjoyed a picnic at Sitakunda. For the purpose, subscriptions of all the friends were collected and we hired a bus. We did all the shopping of rice, meat, chickens, spices, bread, eggs, banana, cold drinks and so on. We also bought films for the cameras. On the scheduled morning we set out at 8 o’clock. It was a pleasant journey. We sang all the way to the spot, many of us cut jokes and we all burst out laughing. The spot was of scenic beauty surrounded by large trees with branches spreading to provide cool shade. We had our snacks. Some of us sat to prepare our dinner. There were lakes and hills. We ran up and down and it gave us immense pleasure. At midday our dinner was ready. We had a grand feast with different types of curry followed by sweets. Though the cooking was of no high order, yet our keen appetite made everything tasteful. After our lunch we sat together to enjoy a little function of fun. Before dusk we set off for home. It was a pleasant return journey. At last we reached home safe and sound. It was really a memorable day of my life. No more today, convey my best regards to your parents and love to the youngers. Your friend, Rahat Write an email to your friend about the last prize giving day of your school To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our prize giving ceremony. Okay, here it is. The prize giving ceremony was held on last Sunday. It was a very special day for me because it was known to me that I would get a prize for being first in the last annual exam. That day I reached the school at 8.30 a.m. For this occasion our school auditorium was decorated in a very nice way. The function started at 10 am with the recitation of the holy Quran. The parliament member of our area presided over the ceremony and TNO (Thana Nirbahi Officer) was also present in that ceremony. Our Headmaster read out his annual report. After this the TNO gave his speech. Then the TNO both gave away the prizes to the selected boys for their brilliant performance in the last annual exam, for other activities in the school. I got two prizes -- one for being first in the last annual exam and the other for regular attendance. Then an enjoyable cultural programme was staged by the students and teachers. In the end of the ceremony our headmaster thanked the respective guests, teachers and the students. This ceremony ended with national anthem. That day I returned home with joy. It’s a memorable day for me because that day I got two prizes and I participated in the cultural programme by singing a song which was my first participation in any cultural programme. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘S’ Write an email to your friend about your aim in life. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, I have received your email of the 5th instant. You wanted to know what my aim in life is after completing my academic career. Though this is really a tough matter to decide, even then I have an aim of my own as everyone should have. Here I am going to tell you about this. I have decided to be a computer engineer. The modern world is the world of computer. Age-old system of keeping record in files is gradually making way for computer based data processing. It is used in schools, colleges, offices, banks, airlines, shops, laboratories, hospitals, libraries. Computer based telecommunication network sets up instant links with any part of the world at any time. Automation has replaced manual labour in factories. In the field of medical, computerised machines are doing wonders. Though Bangladesh is yet to develop in science and technology, she is trying to use computer science in solving different problems. In this situation, I think it would be a wise choice if I want to be a Computer Engineer. Let me know your opinion which would help me more. No more today. I am hale and hearty. Best regards to uncle and aunt. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your mother about your preparation of the coming SSC exam . To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear Mom and Dad, I received your email yesterday. I am much obliged for your affectionate email and the valuable advice it contains. You are anxious to know about my preparation in the ensuing SSC examination. You will be glad to know that I always follow your instructions about study and health. What I can say is that I have made a fair progress in my preparation for the examination. No one knows what questions will be set in the examination. So I have consulted the teachers of the respective subject that I might have an idea of the nature of questions. However, some problems of Mathematics are still a problem to me. The rules of English Grammar also elude me. So I feel the need of some help in these papers. In this regard, I am taking help from the respective teachers. I hope to make up this deficiency in the remaining days before the commencement of the examination. You often tell me that for success, one must work hard at one’s books from the very beginning and I am glad that I have followed your advice accordingly. I am still working hard, for I do not want to leave anything to chance. Please be not anxious about my health. I am taking particular care of it. Convey my deepest affection to Hemal. Your loving son, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend thanking him for your birthday present. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Chittagong. Dear ‘A’, My birthday passed off smoothly and happily yesterday. But we all missed you so much. I received your kind email and charming present just in time. I can realise how much you love me and why you could not come, though you tried your best to do so. Believe me, my dear friend, of all the presents I have got yours is the loveliest. The book you sent me is really praiseworthy. I have long been in need of this book and it has come from you. It would be really very useful to me. I heartily thank you for this charming present and I shall keep it as a token of your deep love for me. I shall tell you all about my birthday in my next email. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your father telling him how have you prepared for the coming SSC examination. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear Father, I received your email yesterday. I am much obliged for your affectionate email and the valuable advice it contains. You are anxious to know about my preparation in the ensuing S.S.C. Examination. You will be glad to know that I always follow your instructions about study and health. What I can say is that I have made a fair progress in my preparation for the examination. No one knows what questions will be set in the examination. So I have consulted the teachers of the respective subject that I might have an idea of the nature of questions. However, some problems of Mathematics are still a problem to me. The rules of English Grammar also elude me. So I feel the need of some help in these papers. In this regard, I am taking help from the respective teachers. I hope to make up this deficiency in the remaining days before the commencement of the examination. You often tell me that for success, one must work hard at one’s books from the very beginning and I am glad that I have followed your advice accordingly. I am still working hard, for I do not want to leave anything to chance. Please be not anxious about my health. I am taking particular care of it. With regards to you and mother. Your elder daughter, Rahat Write an email to your friend describing a recent book fair held in your town. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘A’ How are you? Hope well by the grace of almighty Allah. I am okay. A few days ago I visited a book fair held in our town. Today I am going to tell you about this. The venue of the fair was the Public library premise. Many pavilions were set up. All sorts of books such as, fictions, text-books, dramas, children books, reference books etc were displayed. The stalls were decorated tastefully and thus the attraction of the customers was drawn. There were also food and drink stalls. Thousands of people came to the fair and bought books according to their choice. The place was fully packed at the evening when several writes visited the fair. I think this book fair has created a taste and eagerness for reading to many people of our town. It also bears the testimony of the refined taste and national culture of a country. No more today, convey my best regards to your parents. Your friend, Rahat Writing an email to your younger brother advising him how to improve his English To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear brother, Your email is to my hand. Going through the email I came to know that you are now very much interested about learning English and you are facing some difficulties in learning the language. Many people, even students, think that English is a difficult language for them to learn. For this they become failure to some extent before they start learning the language. However, there is no reason of thinking that English is tough enough to learn. Again it is seen that many people do not know how to succeed in learning English by following some ways. Here I would like to mention some tips for the learners of English, like you. The success of learning English depends on reading, writing, speaking and hearing. A person who is able to read, write, speak and hear English well is an expert in English. A learner of English should first acquire knowledge of tense, sentence, part of speech, and preposition. Then he should learn words to enrich his English vocabulary. Then he should try to speak English. In this regard he should become fluent and should not care for whether he speaks correctly or wrongly. At this stage he should watch English news, read English newspapers, and any other writings in English. Thirdly he should try to write English correctly. And it may be believed that he would be able to write correct English. Finally he should give his try to hearing. And for this purpose, he should listen to English news channels such as, BBC, CNN as much as he can. If a learner follows this method, I believe, he must be successful in learning English well. Hope this will find you in a sound health and joyful time. Give my salam to mother and father, do take care of yourself. Your elder sister, Rahat Write an email to your friend describing the picnic you have attended. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘S’, I have received your email of the 5th instant. In it you expressed your inability to join us in the picnic. You also wanted to know my experience in the picnic. Here is a short description of the same. We selected Sonargaon for the picnic spot. We were about thirty-five in number including one of our teachers. We reached there by bus at 9 a.m. with all necessary utensils and materials. After reaching Sonargaon, we finished our breakfast by 9.30 a.m. We had a cook with us. He became busy with cooking. We helped him in different works. Some were cooking, some were singing, some were cutting jokes and others were playing different types of games. At about 2 p.m. the lunch was ready. By this time all of us became very hungry. All of us took our lunch with full appetite. After lunch we went out for sight seeing. You know Sonargaon is a place of historical interest. It was once the capital of Bengal. The museum of Sonargaon charmed us most. We started for home at 5 p.m. after taking our tea. We enjoyed the picnic most and the day will ever be remembered. What a pleasure it would have been if you had been in the midst of us! Really, we missed you very much. This is all for today. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to a pen friend describing the foods and food habits in Bangladesh To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, I am very glad to receive your email. You have wanted to know about the food habit of Bangladeshi people. People in Bangladesh generally take the same food at breakfast, lunch and dinner. The villagers usually eat rice three times a day. They also take dal, meat and vegetables. The urban people usually take egg, bread made of wheat or flour along with fried vegetables or sweets and a cup of tea a breakfast. In lunch, they eat rice with curry of fish or meat and dal. They take rice, vegetables, curry, dal, etc. for dinner .Now-a-day some people in the rural areas eat bread to control their health. Some foods such as fast food like singara, samocha etc. Cold drinks , chips, burger, sand witches, chops, pizza, hamburger etc. are becoming popular day by day in our country. The modes of eating are also different between the rural and urban people. The urban people have started eating some western items of food but the rural people are not familiar with them. In fact, people in our country, especially the young people are changing their attitude towards western items. No more today .I am eagerly waiting for your next email. Sincerely yours. Akash Write an email to your friend informing him to join your birthday party. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘A’, I have a great pleasure to inform you that my fifteenth birthday comes off on Thursday next. This time my parents desire to celebrate my birthday in a grand and befitting manner. I cordially invite you to join the party. We have arranged a day-long programme including the birthday party. In it, there would be a cultural function in the evening. Some renowned artists have promised to take part in the function. So we hope to enjoy the party with mirth and merriment and your presence will certainly encourage us. I will be much pleased if you come and share this memorable moment of my life with me. No more now. More when we meet. With best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend about your aim in life. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear Arif, I have received your email of the 5th instant. You wanted to know what my aim in life is after completing my academic career. Though this is really a tough matter to decide, even then I have an aim of my own as everyone should have. Here I am going to tell you about this. I have decided to be a computer engineer. The modern world is the world of computer. Age-old system of keeping record in files is gradually making way for computer based data processing. It is used in schools, colleges, offices, banks, airlines, shops, laboratories, hospitals, libraries. Computer based telecommunication network sets up instant links with any part of the world at any time. Automation has replaced manual labour in factories. In the field of medical, computerised machines are doing wonders. Though Bangladesh is yet to develop in science and technology, she is trying to use computer science in solving different problems. In this situation, I think it would be a wise choice if I want to be a Computer Engineer. Let me know your opinion which would help me more. No more today. I am hale and hearty. Best regards to uncle and aunt. With love. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your younger brother instructing him to read newspaper regularly. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear 'H', Take my very best regard and cordial love at the very beginning of the email. In his last email mother told me you are not interested to read newspaper. I am extremely sorry to know that. Now you are a citizen of an independent state. You should remain in touch with the outside world. You should go through journals, magazine and novels, especially you should read newspaper daily. Newspaper is a store-house of knowledge. It makes our mind fresh. It gives us scope to learn the living language spoken by the civilized people. It helps us to express our views in a simple idiomatic style. On the whole newspapers are the fountains of knowledge and source of pleasures. Now I tell you to read newspaper daily. I hope you will carry out what I have told you to do. Take care of your health. No more today. Convey my earnest respect to mom and dad. Yours affectionately, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your father who lives in abroad describing what you are planning to do after your SSC examination is over. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear A, Take my salam in the very beginning of the email. I hope you are well by the grace of almighty. In your email you asked me to write what I have decided to do after the SSC exam is over. I am sure you are waiting eagerly for my reply and that’s why today I am writing it to you. You know our aim of education is to flourish our life but education is not all about developing life standard only. There are some other aspects of education and one of them is to increase one’s ability of humanity and sense of social duty. So I would like to take up the duty to make the poor people of my village educated up to some extent. My aim is to set up a library in my village so that the poor people of my village can borrow books from that library and read books of different types which they generally can’t afford to buy. The library will increase the thirst of knowledge of the common people and thus help to spread intuitional education also. To make my dream true I’ll go to my native village and talk to the Chairman of the village and other capable persons also. I am sure they will help me in this matter. I will also donate all the books of my collection to the library. I believe that my plan won’t disappoint you and you will give me the permission to do the work. No more today, please take care of yourself. Yours, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend the experience of taking food in a restaurant. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, It is many days since you wrote to me. Today I am going to tell you about my experience of taking food in a restaurant. You know our friend, ‘S’. He celebrated his birth anniversary the day before yesterday. On this day he arranged a party at a Chinese restaurant and we the local friends were all invited. You will be glad to know that this was totally a new experience for me to have the experience of having food in a Chinese restaurant. In the evening we went to his residence by twos and threes. We wished him Happy Birthday. Then all of us together went to the Chinese restaurant which had already been fixed before. There was dim light in the room. As soon as we took our seats, a waiter in uniform came and handed menu to some of us. I was a greenhorn in this regard. So, I didn’t go ahead. Sohel consulted with some of us and placed order. There was no noise like the normal restaurants. Everybody talked in low voice. I kept looking around and listening to the fine music. The waiter gave a bowl of soup. We took this with some sauce and pepper extract. It tasted well. Cold drinks were served. Then came fried rice, prawn balls, vegetables and chicken fry. We took the food using fork and spoon. Flavour of food in the restaurant was different from that at home. Aroma was also different and crispy. Really, it was a very delicious dish. My mouth still waters at the thought of those delicious dishes. It was a very nice and enjoyable experience. This is all for today. Write to me soon. With love. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your younger brother telling him how to do well in the examination To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, My best wishes to you. I hope you are heal and hearty by the grace of Almighty. But you know, I am very disappointed to know your poor result in the 1st term exam. Your result is a burning proof of your carelessness to studies during the first three-four mounts of the year or so. I would like to mention you that it is not too late yet. If you follow my instruction properly, you are sure to success in the rest two terms. you should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop their creativity and prepare your own notes which will help you avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. You should revise your lessons frequently. It is important for you to check and double-check the dates and times of ensuing exams and be aware of carrying the necessary things along with to the examination hall. In the examination hall, students should go through the whole question paper before starting to write and take the mental preparation of attempting to answer all the questions. While having a glance at the question paper, it is better to underline the key words in the questions. Moreover, during answering ‘half way’ check is important to be in proper track. Care should be given to the hand writing so that it is legible to the examiner. By following aforesaid things, you can comfortably be successful. No more today, convey my best regard to mom and dad and do study hard. Yours truly, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your mother describing him about your hostel life. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Mother, My best regards to you. I hope all of you are keeping in good health by the grace of Allah. I am in receipt of your kind email of the 26th February. In your email you wanted to know how I am passing my hostel life. Our hostel is a three storied building. The rooms of the ground floor are used as office room, TV room, waiting room, dining room etc. The first floor is for us and the second floor is for our seniors. Here I’ve got a very friendly atmosphere in the hostel. In my room, I have two more roommates. They are very sociable. Here, we have our hostel superintendent as our guardians. He always takes care of us and always very keen to fulfil our demands. The quality of food of the dining is not up to the mark but somehow tolerable. Here, we arrange a feast once in a month. We collect money from all the students and from our superintendent sir for the feast. It is really very enjoyable in the hostel. But load-shedding and lack of pure water hamper our daily life. No more today, convey my regards to mother. I regret I miss all of you. Your loving son, ‘F’ Write an email to your friend describing the prize giving day or ceremony of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our prize giving ceremony. Okay, here it is. The prize giving ceremony was held on last Sunday. It was a very special day for me because it was known to me that I would get a prize for being first in the last annual exam. That day I reached the school at 8.30 a.m. For this occasion our school auditorium was decorated in a very nice way. The function started at 10 am with the recitation of the holy Quran. The parliament member of our area presided over the ceremony and TNO (Thana Nirbahi Officer) was also present in that ceremony. Our Headmaster read out his annual report. After this the TNO gave his speech. Then the TNO both gave away the prizes to the selected boys for their brilliant performance in the last annual exam, for other activities in the school. I got two prizes -- one for being first in the last annual exam and the other for regular attendance. Then an enjoyable cultural programme was staged by the students and teachers. In the end of the ceremony our headmaster thanked the respective guests, teachers and the students. This ceremony ended with national anthem. That day I returned home with joy. It’s a memorable day for me because that day I got two prizes and I participated in the cultural programme by singing a song which was my first participation in any cultural programme. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘Z’ Write an email to your mother describing the celebration of the 21st February in your school this year. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Mother, My best regards to you. I hope all of you are keeping in good health by the grace of Allah. I am in receipt of your kind email of the 26th February. In your email you wanted to know how we celebrated the international mother language day. In this email I will write about our observation on that day of 21st February. . We observe this day in a very befitting manner because it enlivens our heart and soul. It inspires us to reach the acme of success. We usually observe the international mother language day in the month of February every year. The whole school as well as the whole surrounding of the school was embellished with colourful papers on the occasion. The whole playground looked festive. In the morning we all the students and teachers of our school gathered in the school premise at 5 o’clock in the morning. We made a garland of flowers. Then we brought out a colourful procession with due solemnity in order to pay homage to our noble language martyrs at “Shahid Minar” on Bare Foot. On the way sang the song ‘ amar bhaier rokte rangano ekhushe February……’. After that we came to our school. A cultural function was arranged. The Chairman of the Chittagong Board inaugurated the function at 11 a.m. Many of students of our school participated in the cultural function. They sang, recited and participated in a painting competition on the aspects of 21st February. The honourable D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest. He made a little but vital speech on the significance of the day. The function came to an end with the distributions of prizes. No more today. More when we shall meet. Catch you later. Yours sincerely, ‘Q’ Write an email to your friend describing your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our school . Okay, here it is. Our school is one standing institutions. It was founded in 1845. The school is located in the heart of Chittagong. It is adjacent to ‘Y’ road. The school is five minutes walk from my residence. The school is a two-storied building. There are thirty class rooms. The rooms are spacious and airy. Our school sits in two shifts morning shift and day shift. There are about 1500 students and 35 teachers in our school. The Headmaster is an M.A. B. Ed. He is a capable administrator. The school sits at 10 a. m. and breaks up at 4.30. We get half an hour break after the 4th period. There are the ‘Headmaster’s room, teachers’ common room, the office room the library room, the prayer room and the hall room besides the classroom. A very big field lies inside the ground. We play football cricket, hockey, basketball, table-tennis and other games there after school hours. The school has a big common room. Ours is one of the leading schools in the country. It has been the training ground of many eminent men. I truly boast of being a student of such a highly esteemed institution. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘Z’ Write an email to your friend advising him how to adjust to new place and food. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your pains and pathos of dormitory life in England. Here some words from my experience are attributed for you in order that you can overcome your difficulties. This is human basic instinct that they are always afraid of new place and experience. When was in Delhi in 2001, I had to undergo same situation as yours. Then day by day I worked hard to overcome this problem. I read some books of ‘Shiv Khera’ And ‘Del Carnegie’. I followed some instruction to face such a condition. And I was successful at last. That is very simple. First of all you have to have wide knowledge of British living. You must know about their gatherings, clothes and habits, interests and specially foods. You would know that they are fond of sight seeing, roaming in the museums and the places of historical importance. In their leisure they usually, spend their time in parks, some of tem spend time r at home enjoying music and movie. But the most common fact of British life is that most of them are fond of reading. A British spend more than 12 hours a week behind reading. You will get every kinds of food taste of every parts of the world in England, in their cosmopolitan restaurant environment. So, what you have to do is very simple, you please try to spend your leisure in exploring London. Visit their restaurants, museums, and countryside away from London. You can have Indian food items in Indian restaurants. Try to have some British accompany, follow their style of living. And finally after two or three months you will see that your are not detached from British living. No more today. Hope you could mange your living and habitation in London. Convey my tender love to all friends. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘Z’ Write an email to your mother describing him about your hostel life. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Mother, My best regards to you. I hope all of you are keeping in good health by the grace of Allah. I am in receipt of your kind email of the 26th February. In your email you wanted to know how I am passing my hostel life. Our hostel is a three storied building. The rooms of the ground floor are used as office room, TV room, waiting room, dining room etc. The first floor is for us and the second floor is for our seniors. Here I’ve got a very friendly atmosphere in the hostel. In my room, I have two more roommates. They are very sociable. Here, we have our hostel superintendent as our guardians. He always takes care of us and always very keen to fulfil our demands. The quality of food of the dining is not up to the mark but somehow tolerable. Here, we arrange a feast once in a month. We collect money from all the students and from our superintendent sir for the feast. It is really very enjoyable in the hostel. But load-shedding and lack of pure water hamper our daily life. No more today, convey my regards to mother. I regret I miss all of you. Your loving son, ‘S’ Write an email to your friend describing the prize giving day or ceremony of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our prize giving ceremony. Okay, here it is. The prize giving ceremony was held on last Sunday. It was a very special day for me because it was known to me that I would get a prize for being first in the last annual exam. That day I reached the school at 8.30 a.m. For this occasion our school auditorium was decorated in a very nice way. The function started at 10 am with the recitation of the holy Quran. The parliament member of our area presided over the ceremony and TNO (Thana Nirbahi Officer) was also present in that ceremony. Our Headmaster read out his annual report. After this the TNO gave his speech. Then the TNO both gave away the prizes to the selected boys for their brilliant performance in the last annual exam, for other activities in the school. I got two prizes -- one for being first in the last annual exam and the other for regular attendance. Then an enjoyable cultural programme was staged by the students and teachers. In the end of the ceremony our headmaster thanked the respective guests, teachers and the students. This ceremony ended with national anthem. That day I returned home with joy. It’s a memorable day for me because that day I got two prizes and I participated in the cultural programme by singing a song which was my first participation in any cultural programme. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘S’ Write an email to your mother describing the celebration of the 21st February in your school this year. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Mother, My best regards to you. I hope all of you are keeping in good health by the grace of Allah. I am in receipt of your kind email of the 26th February. In your email you wanted to know how we celebrated the international mother language day. In this email I will write about our observation on that day of 21st February. We observe this day in a very befitting manner because it enlivens our heart and soul. It inspires us to reach the acme of success. We usually observe the international mother language day in the month of February every year. The whole school as well as the whole surrounding of the school was embellished with colourful papers on the occasion. The whole playground looked festive. In the morning we all the students and teachers of our school gathered in the school premise at 5 o’clock in the morning. We made a garland of flowers. Then we brought out a colourful procession with due solemnity in order to pay homage to our noble language martyrs at “Shahid Minar” on Bare Foot. On the way sang the song ‘ amar bhaier rokte rangano ekhushe February……’. After that we came to our school. A cultural function was arranged. The Chairman of the Chittagong Board inaugurated the function at 11 a.m. Many of students of our school participated in the cultural function. They sang, recited and participated in a painting competition on the aspects of 21st February. The honourable D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest. He made a little but vital speech on the significance of the day. The function came to an end with the distributions of prizes. No more today. More when we shall meet. Catch you later. Yours sincerely, ‘S’ Write an email to your friend describing your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our school . Okay, here it is. Our school is one standing institutions. It was founded in 1845. The school is located in the heart of Chittagong. It is adjacent to ‘Y’ road. The school is five minutes walk from my residence. The school is a two-storied building. There are thirty class rooms. The rooms are spacious and airy. Our school sits in two shifts morning shift and day shift. There are about 1500 students and 35 teachers in our school. The Headmaster is an M.A. B. Ed. He is a capable administrator. The school sits at 10 a. m. and breaks up at 4.30. We get half an hour break after the 4th period. There are the ‘Headmaster’s room, teachers’ common room, the office room the library room, the prayer room and the hall room besides the classroom. A very big field lies inside the ground. We play football cricket, hockey, basketball, table-tennis and other games there after school hours. The school has a big common room. Ours is one of the leading schools in the country. It has been the training ground of many eminent men. I truly boast of being a student of such a highly esteemed institution. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Letter to a friend describing a journey you have recently made. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My Dear Arif, Your email has timely reached my hand. You have wanted to know about my recent journey by air. But Arif, you know how exciting the journey was! You know my paternal uncle had invited our family to Calcutta. He resides and works over there. My uncle had confirmed our air ticket before. So, it was easy for us to avail of the opportunity. Okay, here the description of journey is. On the scheduled day I along with my parents arrived at the airport in time. Then we were checked in and waited in the lounge. Next we were given boarding cards on which the number of our seat were written. After sometime the departure of the flight was announced. Then after, we boarded on the plane. When all the passengers were in, the door was closed. Next, we all the passengers had to fasten our seat belts. We were also informed what to do in case of an emergency. After that the plane took off smoothly. During the journey, the captain welcomed us and we were offered newspaper and different types of squash. We enjoyed all of these things. We also enjoyed the sight of whatever we could see around the plane. After about forty minutes the journey came to an end. Our plane landed down smoothly at the DumDum Airport. At the lounge we found my uncle waiting to receive me. Then we came outside of the airport and hired a taxi cab. Finally we reached the residence safely. The journey really left a deep impression on my mind. It will never efface from my memory. Hope this will find you in sound health. So no more worry about me. Regards to father and you. Yours ever, A Write an email to your younger brother instructing him to read newspaper regularly. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear 'H', Take my very best regard and cordial love at the very beginning of the email. In his last email mother told me you are not interested to read newspaper. I am extremely sorry to know that. Now you are a citizen of an independent state. You should remain in touch with the outside world. You should go through journals, magazine and novels, especially you should read newspaper daily. Newspaper is a store-house of knowledge. It makes our mind fresh. It gives us scope to learn the living language spoken by the civilized people. It helps us to express our views in a simple idiomatic style. On the whole newspapers are the fountains of knowledge and source of pleasures. Now I tell you to read newspaper daily. I hope you will carry out what I have told you to do. Take care of your health. No more today. Convey my earnest respect to mom and dad. Yours affectionately, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your parents about your preparation for the Examination. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear Mom and Dad, I received your email yesterday. I am much obliged for your affectionate email and the valuable advice it contains. You are anxious to know about my preparation in the ensuing examination. You will be glad to know that I always follow your instructions about study and health. What I can say is that I have made a fair progress in my preparation for the examination. No one knows what questions will be set in the examination. So I have consulted the teachers of the respective subject that I might have an idea of the nature of questions. However, some problems of Mathematics are still a problem to me. The rules of English Grammar also elude me. So I feel the need of some help in these papers. In this regard, I am taking help from the respective teachers. I hope to make up this deficiency in the remaining days before the commencement of the examination. You often tell me that for success, one must work hard at one’s books from the very beginning and I am glad that I have followed your advice accordingly. I am still working hard, for I do not want to leave anything to chance. Please be not anxious about my health. I am taking particular care of it. Convey my deepest affection to Hemal. Your loving son, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to a friend congratulating him on his brilliant success in the S.S.C Examination. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘S’, Hearty congratulations on your well-deserved success in the S.S.C. Examination. When I have come to know that you have passed the exam in ‘A’ grade, my joys knows no bound. You are really worthy of this result. We expected of you such a performance and the result has fulfilled our expectations. You see, life is earnest and life is struggle. You worked hard and your efforts are crowned with success. My parents are also very glad to know of your success. It will be a great pleasure for us if you visit us shortly. I am pretty well. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing the experiences of your visit to a science fair. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Today I am going to write you about my recent visit to a science fair. My elder brother who studies in BUET invites me to pay a visit to their campus on the occasion of a science fair. Accordingly, I went there and enjoyed a lot. What I saw was a fantastic arrangement of exhibits of all kinds of scientific experiments done both by the students of BUET and by students of other science institutions. The exhibition was being held in a 4-storeyed building. On the ground floor we saw many posters of great scientists of the world like Newton, Einstein, and Prof. Abdus Salam. Some of the wall papers contained memorable statements on the importance of science. The third floor had the most interesting practical exhibits to show. The students of BUET had arranged it. All their exhibitions were the result of their laboratory experiment. One object drew my attention. It was about the optical illusion. A small iron ball was shown to be travelling upward on a narrow plank of board, without any additional help. Later, I realised that the board was originally set with the upside end actually lower than the downside end, for which reason it gave the illusion that the ball was rolling upward, when actually it was gliding down. In the aviation room they put blown up pictures of Apollo 11 making its historic voyage to the moon. A short-film was also shown on the astronauts: Neil Armstrong who first set feet upon the face of the moon, Edwin Aldrin and Michael Collins. I visited different stalls. I could only guess what tremendous development has been achieved in different branches of science. In the fair I gathered almost up-to-date information about the development of Physics, Chemistry, Medical Science and Technology. Indeed, the science fair increases our zeal about science facts. We feel that we must know more about the mysteries of nature. A science fair has a great educative value. I spent full six hours visiting the science fair and learning and enjoying a world of new things. It has left a deep impression on my mind. That’s all for today. Hope you are in sound health and joyful time. With good wishes to you all. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend about a serious accident that you have witnessed. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear M, I know that you are still in anxiety to learn whether I have reached the hostel. Yes, I have reached but with a heavy heart. On the way our bus met a serious accident. I am giving you the idea of the accident that I have witnessed. I cannot still forget the pathetic accident that took place the other day. Our bus full of passengers was crossing the Nawabpur Rood at a high speed when a truck came up from opposite direction. In the meantime the truck could not control the speed and knocked our bus and it was a head-on-collision. A shout of alarm was heard instantly. There was a hue and cry. The front of the bus was crushed. The accident was dangerous. Many passengers were injured and some of them were fatally wounded. I was fortunate enough not to have been injured even slightly. At once the place became the spot of great noise. Ambulance and pedestrians became active to render help to the injured. Many of the wounded passengers were sent to the hospital. I felt very much nervous and shocked to experience the accident. I have been mentally upset for a few hours on account of this. I cannot eat, sleep or rest from then. I think I can overcome the situation soon. Don’t worry about me. This is all for today. Regards to you and father, love to Riya. Your loving son, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend about your aim in life. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear Arif, I have received your email of the 5th instant. You wanted to know about my aim after completing my academic career. Though this is really a tough matter to decide, even then I have an aim of my own as everyone should have. Here I am going to tell you about this. I have decided to be a computer engineer. The modern world is the world of computer. Age-old system of keeping record in files is gradually making way for computer based data processing. It is used in schools, colleges, offices, banks, airlines, shops, laboratories, hospitals, libraries. Computer based telecommunication network sets up instant links with any part of the world at any time. Automation has replaced manual labour in factories. In the field of medical, computerised machines are doing wonders. Though Bangladesh is yet to develop in science and technology, she is trying to use computer science in solving different problems. In this situation, I think it would be a wise choice if I become a Computer Engineer. Let me know your opinion regarding this matter. No more today. I am hale and hearty. Best regards to uncle and aunt. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend how you celebrated International Mother Language Day this year. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My Dear ‘M’, I have received your email timely. Today I am giving you a description of celebration of International Mother Language Day this year. This year the programme arranged by our school authority was a grand one. Early in the morning many of the students gathered in the school compound. We, organised by our teachers made a rally towards the Saheed Minar. There we offered wreathes and bouquets. Then we came back to school ground. Before we had a plan to arrange a cultural function and accordingly we started it. Some girls inaugurated the programme by singing the song ‘Amar bhaiyer rakte rangano Ekushe February ...’. After that our honourable teacher, Mr. Hasan very beautifully narrated the history of the Language Movement Day. He also let us know the efforts and ultimate declaration of the International Mother Language Day. Mr. Nasiruddin, the Headmaster of our school discussed on the importance of the International Mother Language Day in the national life of Bangladesh. Then started the reciting competition composed by the young poets. The second part of the programme was arranged by different songs composed by the established poets and lyricists. The full audience made the pin-drop silence as some famous new and old singers were performing with superb melody. The third phase of the programme started with a one-act play. At the end it was greeted by an applause. Indeed the day was celebrated with due solemnity. This is all for today. Best regards to you and father. Truly yours, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your younger brother about the importance of planting trees. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘N’, I was really shocked when I heard that you did not take part in the campaign in favour of ‘Plant more trees’. I also heard that you were rather against the programme. I could not understand why a student like you acted in this way. It is really sorrowful when I heard all these things. However, I at present want to make you realise about the importance of planting trees. Trees are the integral part of nature. Trees are very essential in a country to cause rains. It forms a natural beauty in a country. It plays a very important role for our existence. But for the development of human civilisation this valuable assets are damaged day by day. The people of our country cut down our trees at random. So, our country is losing her trees. If this process continues, she will turn into a desert. The country will bear the consequences of ‘Green House Effect’. To preserve our environment, we should plant more and more trees. People must be convinced of the need for planting more and more trees. They should be made aware that our economy is dependent upon trees. There is an ample scope for afforestation in Bangladesh. Sea beaches, low lying areas and fallow lands can be brought under the scheme of afforestation with special types of trees suited to the soil. Shady trees and fruit trees should be planted by the side of roads and highways. Trees may be planted in all sides of ponds and tanks in village. I think the above idea will help you understand about the importance of tree plantation. So, it is the duty of all of us to campaign for the plantation of trees for the greater interest of the country and for our own survival. This is all for today. With love and best wishes. Yours, ‘Rahat’ Write an email Letter to your younger sister advising her how to improve her English. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘S’, Your sweet note is just to hand. I am really disappointed to hear that you have cut a very sorry figure in English in your annual examination. You know English is a foreign language to us. And our difficulty in learning this language is many and varied. Firstly, our mother tongue is Bengali and that mother tongue impedes the learning of a foreign language. Secondly, we read English merely because we want to pass the examinations. And, as such, we are not taught to study the language critically and carefully, Thirdly, the books that we follow are written by our local authors who are also not very well-up in this language. And there are also other reasons which will make a tale. But if you try harder you can definitely overcome all these difficulties. Trying to read English Newspapers and to watch the English News can be a wonderful idea to develop your English. No more today, With best wishes. Yours sincerely, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend telling him how you spent the last winter vacation. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Your email is just to hand. You have written to me after a long time. I hope that you will write to me in this way. You have desired to know how I have spent the last winter vacation. During the last vacation, I visited my native village. I had a long cherished dream to do something for the illiterate section of our village. This time I had the opportunity to start a programme of adult education. In our country most of the people are illiterate. Lack of education is a curse, because in its absence bigotry, fanaticism and superstition occupy the mind of an adult and he fails to see the truth of the matter. The illiterate people stand in the way of their children’s development. Illiterate fathers and husbands are particularly harsh on daughters and wives. Moreover, they are unaware of healthy and hygienic life, modern method of cultivation etc. All these things made me think for them. In the last vacation, I and some of my contemporaries together took the initiative to start an adult education programme. We took help from some of the school teachers who contributed their best. We got a positive respond from the villagers. They motivated by us eagerly participated in the programme. We taught them regarding alphabets, numbers, health, nutrition and sanitation. Thus our programme became successful. We hope that we will continue the programme in this way. I think you are also interested to participate in the programme next time. Hope to hear from you. That’s all for today. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing the recent fair of your village. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘A’ This is many days since you wrote to me. I am highly eager to let you know about a visit to a fair in our village, which I have recently made. You know that the last few days were the vacation of autumn. So I went to visit my native village. There I along with my cousin went to a village fair. Indeed it was an amazing experience. The fair was full of din and bustle. Immense crowds were making their way towards the fair. The fair was held over the open space around the shrine of a Muslim saint. There were long rows of booths with broad passages between. In these booths were displayed almost all sorts of things ---- toys, cosmetics, knives, whistles, earthen wares, brass wares, fruits and sweets. It seemed to be a kind of exhibition in miniature of cottage industries. The rural artisans and craftsmen brought their handmade articles to the fair. Different forms of amusements were also accommodated to provide a happy diversion to the rural people. ‘Travelling jatra parties’, ‘Nagar- dolas’ ‘Circus parties’ etc were showing their feats and performances. A magician too was found under a small tent ready to show his tricks to the people against small sum. But the largest crowd gathered around the place where jugglers exhibited their feats. After visiting the fair I realised that the fair really inspired the skilled hands of cottage industries and helped the farmers by building their economy. It was a means of recreation, change and social get-together of the village people. The experience of visiting the fair is really engraved in my heart for long. That’s all for today. Hope to hear from you. With best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing a train journey you have recently made. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear A, Many thanks for your kind note of the 2nd instant. In this email, I am giving you an account of my journey from Chittagong to Dhaka by train. I hope it will give you much pleasure. It was Monday. I started for Dhaka from Chittagong Railway Station. Two friends of mine went with me. We were passengers of the 1st Class compartment. So in the train I was at ease. The train started in time. In the twinkling of an eye it reached Laksam Junction. From Laksam the train started again for Dhaka. Trees, houses and way-side bridges seemed to fly away faster than the fairies or the witches. Soon the train reached Bhairab. Frankly speaking the bridge of Bhairab was a terror to me. The train was moving in a full speed. Mills and factories on both sides of the railway lines seemed to run behind. At 5 p.m. we reached Dhaka. Thus my long journey by train was over. This is all for today. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing what you are planning to do after your SSC examination is over. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear A, How are you? In your email you wrote me what you have decided to do after the SSC exam is over. I am sure you are keen to know my plan also and that’s why today I am writing it to you. You know our aim of education is to flourish our life but education is not all about developing life standard only. There are some other aspects of education and one of them is to increase one’s ability of humanity and sense of social duty. So I would like to take up the duty to make the poor people of my village educated up to some extent. My aim is to set up a library in my village so that the poor people of my village can borrow books from that library and read books of different types which they generally can’t afford to buy. The library will increase the thirst of knowledge of the common people and thus help to spread intuitional education also. To make my dream true I’ll go to my native village and talk to the Chairman of the village and other capable persons also. I am sure they will help me in this matter. I will also donate all the books of my collection to the library. My father has already given me his kind permission and acceptance about the matter. No more today, convey my best regard to your parents. Yours, ‘Rahat’ Letter to a friend describing the annual sports recently held in your school To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Your email gave me much delight.You will be glad to know that we observed the annual sports of our school on January 31.On this ceremony our school campus and the surroundings of the play ground were decorated with colourful papers , flowers and festoons.The chairman of Chittagong board in inaugurated the programe at 8 A.M. There were at least thirty events including many races.The first event was 100 metres race.Among the events sack race and three-legged race were interesting.The tug of war between the students and teachers was the last event and it gave us the gratest entertainment. The Hon’ble D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest .After giving a short speech he gave away the prizes among the winners.With the distributions of prizes the function came to and end. I got two prizes.It was indeed, a happy occasion for me. No more, today.With love and good wishes. Yours ever Arif Write an email to your younger brother telling him about how to do well in the exam. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Your last email came to my hand timely. I came to know many things about your studies and daily life. I appreciate your concern regarding your ensuing examination. I should like to advise you especially in this matter. It might be helpful for your exam. You know that every work needs a strategy to be followed. It has been said that about 50 percent of your chances of success relate to your examination skill rather than to your subject knowledge. So, to do well in the exam you have no other choice than to be skilful. You need to check and double-check your exam dates and times. You are to follow the restrictions about the things you can carry to the examination hall. In the examination hall you have to budget your time so that no answer can be missed. In this regard you are to avoid elaborating answers. Before attempting to answer it is safe to have a good idea all over the question. Sometimes you may find difficult questions. Don’t worry. Take it as they come. Give time to plan your answer for each question. Again, it is useful half way through writing the answer, to check back that you are doing what you should. Make your answer legible. This is the way through which you can perform well in the examination. I think you will follow my advice and will make a great result. No more today. Hope this will find you in a sound health and joyful time. Write to me soon. With love and best wishes. Yours affectionately, ‘Rahat’ Suppose one of your friends is in England for six months. She is having troubles with the new place and new food. Writer an email to your friend advising her on how to adjust to the new place and new food. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear X, Hope you are will in Almighty’s blessings. I received your email few days ago. You wrote about your problems of food and place in England. I am also anxious like you and I think every problem has a solution. I am writing some words about your problems. England is a wonderful country having its own culture, tastes values etc. Their food hobbit are different from us. It is very natural that it takes time to get accustomed to new environment. But time will help you to be used to such hobbits. England foods are rich in food value. I think after a period of time you will enjoy the foods. Again you are facing some problems with the new place. As a new comer in England you have to adjust with the new society, weather, culture. Try to have some good friends who can advises / help you in all respects. I hope you will overcome these problems soon. In course of time every thing will be under your control. No more today. Sincerely yours ‘Y’ Suppose you are an English scout named Becky. You’ve visited a Bangladeshi scout named Masum’s family. Now write an email to your mother about your feelings and experience after visiting Masum’s family. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear Mother, Hope you are well. I am enjoying my visit to Bangladesh. After completing the scout camp. I want to visit a Bangladeshi friend named Masum’s house. I am going to tell you the experience and family after visiting his family. I was introduced with Masum’s family. All the family members received me cordially. Masum’s grand parents, uncle, aunts lived with them. Their house made of clay with a tin roof and this surprised me very much. Each room detached from one another. I was entertained with Bangladeshi foods- vegetable curry, dal, fish, chop etc. at lunch. Though foods were spicy and but I enjoyed those. Foods were delicious. I was most surprised by the dress Masum’s mother were. It is called saree! a 16 fat long cloth. It looks really nice. I am planning to buy one for you. This sisters wore “solwar” and “Kamiz”. Sents wore “punjabi”, “lungi”. I liked thier cloths very much. The family touched my heart. I shall remember them for a long time. No more today. With best regards. Your loving Becky Imagine that you’ve a pen-friend in America. She wishes know about your school. Now write an email to her informing about various aspects of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear X, I am very glad to receive your email yesterday. You wanted to know about our school. Today I am writing to you about this. The name of was school is Dr. Khastogir Girls High School. It is situated in the middle of the city. It is the most famous school of the city. It was founded in 1907. After the name of Dr. Khastogir the school was named. The school has an area of 3 acres. The L shaped three storied building has 30 rooms in it. Of them one is for the headmaster, two rooms for two assistant headmasters and one for the office. 20 rooms are used as classrooms. The classrooms are fairly large and well furnished with a wide veranda. There is a spacious room where the teachers sit and take rest and do other jobs during their off periods. It has also a library room with an adequate number of books on various subjects. Besides of these rooms, it has an auditorium and a science laboratory. Our classes begin at 10.00 in the morning and breaks at 4.30 in the afternoon with a break at 1.00 pm. We have seven periods each day. There are about one thousand students in different classes. It is well staffed with an efficient and experienced headmaster. The school also offers us the facilities to take part in debates, music and other cultural activities. The school has a good reputation for its results. I fact proud of being a student of this distinguished school. Sincerely yours, ‘Y’ Imagine that you had a meal at a chinese restaurant for the first time. Now write an email to your friend describing the experience of having food in a Chinese restaurant. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘N’, How are the things going with you? I have been trying to get hold of you for about two weeks but failed to get connected with you. Hope you are in the pink of health. Anyway the day before yesterday I had a bit weird but pleasant experience of taking food in a restaurant. Honestly speaking, I never had the experience of taking food in a Chinese restaurant before. It was the first time. So quite usually I was a bit confused. I along with one of my friends went to the Nightingale restaurant. We took our seats. After sometime a waiter came with the menu. As I didn’t have the familiarity with these kinds of food, I was in a fix. My friend was experienced. He helped me to choose some of the items of the menu. We waited for about 20 minutes. Then the foods arrived. I took soup and French fry. The taste was a bit confusing. Possibly it was the first time. That’s why the taste was like that to me. But it is undeniably true that at the end I enjoyed the taste. After taking our meal we waited for about 10 minutes. The waiter delivered the bill. The foods were expensive. But the cool air, the romantic setting as well as the surrounding everything was pleasant to me. The experience was peculiar but sweet to remember. Anyway, we didn’t forget to give tips to the waiter because of his gentle and meek conduct. No more today. Catch you later. Let me conclude now. Yours loving friend X Letter to your friend describing your last day at school To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, I have received your email in time. In it you have wanted to know about the impression of my last day at school. Indeed it was a memorable day, the memory of that day still fills my mind with the feelings which are sweet and sad. It was Monday and as it was our last day at school there were some preparations to bade us fare well. The hall room was decorated with flags and festoons. We, the S.S.C candidates went to school timely to attend the farewell function in the school auditorium. All the teachers and students of our school took part in the function and made it successful. The Headmaster presided over the function. The teachers addressed us and expressed their love and affection for us. They also gave us a lot of advice for the examination. Some of the students also delivered their speech. Then started the cultural programme which was a nice and enjoyed one. At last the Headmaster delivered his parting address to the students. Then the programme drew to a close. All the students of the school as well as the invited guests were treated with light refreshment when the function was over. The day shall remain ever fresh and evergreen in my memory. This is all for today. Best regards to your parents. Yours truly, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend to join a picnic. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘S’, How are you? I hope well by the grace of almighty Allah. How was your first term exam? Mine was not bad. You know, as the exam is over, I am thinking to go on a picnic. In our wearisome day to day life we are always busy in our daily routine work. But we need a rest after a long hard work. As our 1st term exam is over, I think we can go in a picnic to make our mind fresh and ready for more work in the coming days. Many places I thought to go on a picnic but finally I have decided to go to the ‘Safari park’. It is a beautiful place situated at ‘Banskhali’ Chittagong. I am sure that you have heard about the beauty of that place and will be very much eager to go with me. Please write to me soon whether you are going with me on not on the Friday after next. Convey my regards to your youngers and respect to your parents. No more today, much more when we meet. Truly tours, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your younger brother saying him the bad effects of smoking. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘S’, Take my very best wishes in the beginning of the email. I was very glad to hear about your brilliant result in the annual examination but on the contrary I became very disappointed when I came to know that you have recently adopted a dangerous habit, you have been addicted to smoking. Dear brother, you can’t even imagine how dangerous smoking is! It is no less harmful than poison. It contains nicotine which can cause lungs cancer, bronchitis, heart disease etc. it ruins the vitality of life and hastens death. It is a fact that smoking is like committing suicide. That is why; I would like to advise you to give up smoking without any more delay. I do believe you can easily give up this bed habit if you are determined enough. No more today. Tender my best regards to parents. With love and best wishes, Your elder brother ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your younger brother describing the benefits of learning English To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email is just to hand. In it you have commented that people at present are running after foreign language, especially English, avoiding Bengali. And this is morally harmful for us. But frankly speaking, I differ with you on this point. Actually learning English can be of great use because we can gain a great deal of benefit by learning English. English is an international language. It is spoken widely among all over the world. If we are fluent in English, we can communicate with people all over the world. Our foreign affairs cannot be done without English. By learning English we can read books and magazines in English for higher education. Really, our education remains incomplete without having knowledge in this language. You must admit that our cultural renaissance would not have been possible without English. Nowadays poor knowledge in English is the main reason of failure of the students in the competitive examinations. So, English is very much important to fulfil the demand of the time and one can be benefited by it in many ways. I hope you will agree with my views. No more today; tender my respect to your parents. With love and best wishes. Yours affectionately, ‘A’ Write an email to your friend telling him the importance of physical exercise. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, My best love to you. I hope that you are well by the grace of Almighty. I am worried to know that you are recently not keeping in good health. Dear friend, I think you should take physical exercise to improve your health condition. Physical exercise is very important for everyone. It not only keeps a man fit and strong but also helps him to attain a sound mind. It gives us fresh energy and helps us to return to work with renewed vigour. If you want to do well in the examination you have to work hard and you can’t study hard unless your body is fit enough. So, physical exercise is important from that perspective also. I hope now you can understand the true value of physical exercise and would not hesitate any further to take regular physical exercise. That’s all for today. Convey my best regards to your parents. Yours truly, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to a friend congratulating him on his brilliant success in the S.S.C Examination. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘S’, Hearty congratulations on your well-deserved success in the S.S.C. Examination. When I have come to know that you have passed the exam in ‘A’ grade, my joys knows no bound. You are really worthy of this result. We expected of you such a performance and the result has fulfilled our expectations. You see, life is earnest and life is struggle. You worked hard and your efforts are crowned with success. My parents are also very glad to know of your success. It will be a great pleasure for us if you visit us shortly. I am pretty well. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Letter to a friend describing the annual sports recently held in your school To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email gave me much delight.You will be glad to know that we observed the annual sports of our school on January 31.On this ceremony our school campus and the surroundings of the play ground were decorated with colourful papers , flowers and festoons.The chairman of Chittagong board in inaugurated the programe at 8 A.M. There were at least thirty events including many races.The first event was 100 metres race.Among the events sack race and three-legged race were interesting.The tug of war between the students and teachers was the last event and it gave us the gratest entertainment. The Hon’ble D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest .After giving a short speech he gave away the prizes among the winners.With the distributions of prizes the function came to and end. I got two prizes.It was indeed, a happy occasion for me. No more, today.With love and good wishes. Yours ever Arif Letter to your cousin telling her the procedures to get admitted into the college. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, I have received your email yesterday. You have wanted to know how to get admit into a college. First of all you need to pass the S.S.C. examination successfully. After publishing the result you need to collect the admission form from the college. But getting a form is really depends upon one’s S.S.C. result. Then college authority declared a fixed date for the interview .The best student get the opportunity to admit according to their G.P.A. Enough for today. Tender my best compliments to your parents. I hope this email find you proper way to get admitted into a college, Your loving brother Joy Write an email to your friend telling him / her about your visit to a historical mosque. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your sweet note anchored my heart. I am getting on well with my studies. Today I am going to write to you about the excursion which we have recently made from our school. Our school authority has decided to make a short trip to Bagerhat. Accordingly we did it. It is a place of historical in Bangladesh. By train I reached Bagerhat. I hired a rickshaw and went to visit the Shat Gambuj Mosque. During our visit to that historical place, we have come to know about many interesting things. The mosque was built in 1440 by Khan Jahan Ali, a preacher of Islam. The area of Shat Gambuj Mosque is very big. The mosque is beautifully decorated with terracota flowers, foliage and plain architecture. It stands on sixty pillars. It was 77 domes instead of 60 domes. The inside walls are very thick and flowers are painted on it. It is a work of great art and engineering skill of the period. There is a prayer house which is beautifully decorated. I also visited the largest tanks known as Dargadighi and Ghoradighi near the mosque. I was wondered at the sight of all these activities of human beings in the days long past. I think this description will tempt you to pay a visit the place. No more today. Please write to me soon. With love. Sincerely yours, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to a friend condoling him for his father’s untime death. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘T’, Take my deepest compassion for the dreadful episode that has come to you. I was greatly shocked to hear that your father has departed two days ago. You can’t imagine how sorry I was to hear the sad news. The thought of your mental condition worried me and made me to write this email. I can still remember the lively person who used to greet me with a son like affection. He was a man of great heart and noble deeds. May his soul be rest in peace in the eternal shade of heaven. Man is mortal, he is to die one day or the other but we can’t convince our mind to mourn in death if it is an untimed one. I know you are in a position where your heart is filled with sorrows but dear friend, you must remember that time moves on and it is time that heals all wound. As you are the eldest son of your father you have to get your self together very quickly because all the responsibility of your father now lies to you. Whenever you think you are in need of a good friend, do not hesitate to contact me. Truly yours, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to a friend congratulating him on his brilliant success in the S.S.C Examination. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘S’, Hearty congratulations on your well-deserved success in the S.S.C. Examination. When I have come to know that you have passed the exam in ‘A’ grade, my joys knows no bound. You are really worthy of this result. We expected of you such a performance and the result has fulfilled our expectations. You see, life is earnest and life is struggle. You worked hard and your efforts are crowned with success. My parents are also very glad to know of your success. It will be a great pleasure for us if you visit us shortly. I am pretty well. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your mother about your experience and feeling after visiting a friend’s family. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear Mother, I received your email yesterday. You are anxious to know about my arrival from Raju’s village. Yes, I arrived yesterday. It was really a pleasant trip for me. My stay with them was extremely delightful. Raju’s mother prepared so delicious and special dishes for me. She is really an excellent cook! She was so nice to me. And Raju’s father also found time from his so busy schedule to take us on excursions and to cultural programmes in the evenings. I enjoyed every day, every hour, every moment of their hospitality. In fact I can’t remember ever having enjoyed myself so much and so thoroughly anywhere! It was really very nice of me to spend a week with them. I heartily appreciate Raju’s hospitality and affection of his parents for me. I wish I could visit again. How are you passing your days? Don’t worry about me. I am fine and going on with my regular life smoothly. Regards to father and you. Love to Ryan. Your loving son, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your younger brother instructing him to about the benefit of reading newspaper regularly. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear 'H', I am extremely sorry to know that you do not take interest to read newspaper. Now you are a citizen of an independent state. You should remain in touch with the outside world. You should go through journals, magazine and novels, especially you should read newspaper daily. Newspaper is a store-house of knowledge. It makes our mind fresh. It gives us scope to learn the living language spoken by the civilized people. It helps us to express our views in a simple idiomatic style. On the whole newspapers are the fountains of knowledge and source of pleasures. Now I tell you to read newspaper daily. I hope you will carry out what I have told you to do. Take care of your health. No more today. With love and best wishes. Yours affectionately, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to a pen friend describing the foods and food habits in Bangladesh To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, I am very glad to receive your email. You have wanted to know about the food habit of Bangladeshi people. People in Bangladesh generally take the same food at breakfast, lunch and dinner. The villagers usually eat rice three times a day. They also take dal, meat and vegetables. The urban people usually take egg, bread made of wheat or flour along with fried vegetables or sweets and a cup of tea a breakfast. In lunch, they eat rice with curry of fish or meat and dal. They take rice, vegetables, curry, dal, etc. for dinner .Now-a-day some people in the rural areas eat bread to control their health. Some foods such as fast food like singara, samocha etc. Cold drinks , chips, burger, sand witches, chops, pizza, hamburger etc. are becoming popular day by day in our country. The modes of eating are also different between the rural and urban people. The urban people have started eating some western items of food but the rural people are not familiar with them. In fact, people in our country, especially the young people are changing their attitude towards western items. No more today .I am eagerly waiting for your next email. Sincerely yours. Akash Write an email to your friend the experience of taking food in a restaurant. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, It is many days since you wrote to me. Today I am going to tell you about my experience of taking food in a restaurant. You know our friend, ‘S’. He celebrated his birth anniversary the day before yesterday. On this day he arranged a party at a Chinese restaurant and we the local friends were all invited. You will be glad to know that this was totally a new experience for me to have the experience of having food in a Chinese restaurant. In the evening we went to his residence by twos and threes. We wished him Happy Birthday. Then all of us together went to the Chinese restaurant which had already been fixed before. There was dim light in the room. As soon as we took our seats, a waiter in uniform came and handed menu to some of us. I was a greenhorn in this regard. So, I didn’t go ahead. Sohel consulted with some of us and placed order. There was no noise like the normal restaurants. Everybody talked in low voice. I kept looking around and listening to the fine music. The waiter gave a bowl of soup. We took this with some sauce and pepper extract. It tasted well. Cold drinks were served. Then came fried rice, prawn balls, vegetables and chicken fry. We took the food using fork and spoon. Flavour of food in the restaurant was different from that at home. Aroma was also different and crispy. Really, it was a very delicious dish. My mouth still waters at the thought of those delicious dishes. It was a very nice and enjoyable experience. This is all for today. Write to me soon. With love. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing the prize giving day or ceremony of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our prize giving ceremony. Okay, here it is. The prize giving ceremony was held on last Sunday. It was a very special day for me because it was known to me that I would get a prize for being first in the last annual exam. That day I reached the school at 8.30 a.m. For this occasion our school auditorium was decorated in a very nice way. The function started at 10 am with the recitation of the holy Quran. The parliament member of our area presided over the ceremony and TNO (Thana Nirbahi Officer) was also present in that ceremony. Our Headmaster read out his annual report. After this the TNO gave his speech. Then the TNO both gave away the prizes to the selected boys for their brilliant performance in the last annual exam, for other activities in the school. I got two prizes -- one for being first in the last annual exam and the other for regular attendance. Then an enjoyable cultural programme was staged by the students and teachers. In the end of the ceremony our headmaster thanked the respective guests, teachers and the students. This ceremony ended with national anthem. That day I returned home with joy. It’s a memorable day for me because that day I got two prizes and I participated in the cultural programme by singing a song which was my first participation in any cultural programme. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘S’ Write an email to your mother describing the celebration of the 21st February in your school this year To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Mother, My best regards to you. I hope all of you are keeping in good health by the grace of Allah. I am in receipt of your kind email of the 26th February. In your email you wanted to know how we celebrated the international mother language day. In this email I will write about our observation on that day of 21st February. We observe this day in a very befitting manner because it enlivens our heart and soul. It inspires us to reach the acme of success. We usually observe the international mother language day in the month of February every year. The whole school as well as the whole surrounding of the school was embellished with colourful papers on the occasion. The whole playground looked festive. In the morning we all the students and teachers of our school gathered in the school premise at 5 o’clock in the morning. We made a garland of flowers. Then we brought out a colourful procession with due solemnity in order to pay homage to our noble language martyrs at “Shahid Minar” on Bare Foot. On the way sang the song ‘ amar bhaier rokte rangano ekhushe February……’. After that we came to our school. A cultural function was arranged. The Chairman of the Chittagong Board inaugurated the function at 11 a.m. Many of students of our school participated in the cultural function. They sang, recited and participated in a painting competition on the aspects of 21st February. The honourable D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest. He made a little but vital speech on the significance of the day. The function came to an end with the distributions of prizes. No more today. More when we shall meet. Catch you later. Yours sincerely, ‘S’ Write an email to your friend describing your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our school . Okay, here it is. Our school is one standing institutions. It was founded in 1845. The school is located in the heart of Chittagong. It is adjacent to ‘Y’ road. The school is five minutes walk from my residence. The school is a two-storied building. There are thirty class rooms. The rooms are spacious and airy. Our school sits in two shifts morning shift and day shift. There are about 1500 students and 35 teachers in our school. The Headmaster is an M.A. B. Ed. He is a capable administrator. The school sits at 10 a. m. and breaks up at 4.30. We get half an hour break after the 4th period. There are the ‘Headmaster’s room, teachers’ common room, the office room the library room, the prayer room and the hall room besides the classroom. A very big field lies inside the ground. We play football cricket, hockey, basketball, table-tennis and other games there after school hours. The school has a big common room. Ours is one of the leading schools in the country. It has been the training ground of many eminent men. I truly boast of being a student of such a highly esteemed institution. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Letter to a friend describing the annual sports recently held in your school To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email gave me much delight.You will be glad to know that we observed the annual sports of our school on January 31.On this ceremony our school campus and the surroundings of the play ground were decorated with colourful papers , flowers and festoons.The chairman of Chittagong board in inaugurated the programe at 8 A.M. There were at least thirty events including many races.The first event was 100 metres race.Among the events sack race and three-legged race were interesting.The tug of war between the students and teachers was the last event and it gave us the gratest entertainment. The Hon’ble D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest .After giving a short speech he gave away the prizes among the winners.With the distributions of prizes the function came to and end. I got two prizes.It was indeed, a happy occasion for me. No more, today.With love and good wishes. Yours ever Arif Suppose you are an English scout named Becky. You’ve visited a Bangladeshi scout named Masum’s family. Now write an email to your mother about your feelings and experience after visiting Masum’s family. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear Mother, Hope you are well. I am enjoying my visit to Bangladesh. After completing the scout camp. I want to visit a Bangladeshi friend named Masum’s house. I am going to tell you the experience and family after visiting his family. I was introduced with Masum’s family. All the family members received me cordially. Masum’s grand parents, uncle, aunts lived with them. Their house made of clay with a tin roof and this surprised me very much. Each room detached from one another. I was entertained with Bangladeshi foods- vegetable curry, dal, fish, chop etc. at lunch. Though foods were spicy and but I enjoyed those. Foods were delicious. I was most surprised by the dress Masum’s mother were. It is called saree! a 16 fat long cloth. It looks really nice. I am planning to buy one for you. This sisters wore “solwar” and “Kamiz”. Sents wore “punjabi”, “lungi”. I liked their cloths very much. The family touched my heart. I shall remember them for a long time. No more today. With best regards. Your loving Becky Write an email to your younger brother saying him the bad effects of smoking. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘S’, Take my very best wishes in the beginning of the email. I was very glad to hear about your brilliant result in the annual examination but on the contrary I became very disappointed when I came to know that you have recently adopted a dangerous habit, you have been addicted to smoking. Dear brother, you can’t even imagine how dangerous smoking is! It is no less harmful than poison. It contains nicotine which can cause lungs cancer, bronchitis, heart disease etc. it ruins the vitality of life and hastens death. It is a fact that smoking is like committing suicide. That is why; I would like to advise you to give up smoking without any more delay. I do believe you can easily give up this bed habit if you are determined enough. No more today. Tender my best regards to parents. With love and best wishes, Your elder brother ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your mother about your experience and feeling after visiting a friend’s family. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Mother, I received your email yesterday. You are anxious to know about my arrival from Raju’s village. Yes, I arrived yesterday. It was really a pleasant trip for me. My stay with them was extremely delightful. Raju’s mother prepared so delicious and special dishes for me. She is really an excellent cook! She was so nice to me. And Raju’s father also found time from his so busy schedule to take us on excursions and to cultural programmes in the evenings. I enjoyed every day, every hour, every moment of their hospitality. In fact I can’t remember ever having enjoyed myself so much and so thoroughly anywhere! It was really very nice of me to spend a week with them. I heartily appreciate Raju’s hospitality and affection of his parents for me. I wish I could visit again. How are you passing your days? Don’t worry about me. I am fine and going on with my regular life smoothly. Regards to father and you. Love to Ryan. Your loving son, ‘Rahat’ FORMAL EMAILS

Speaking for IELTS, Speaking practice for ielts, IELTS Speaking mock tests, tactics for IELTS Speaking , Speaking tests for IELTS IELTS SPEAKING IELTS SPEAKING IELTS SPEAKING IELTS SPEAKING Test format – Speaking (11–14 minutes) The speaking section assesses your use of spoken English. Every test is recorded. Part 1 - the examiner will ask you general questions about yourself and a range of familiar topics, such as home, family, work, studies and interests. This part lasts between four and five minutes. Part 2 - you will be given a card which asks you to talk about a particular topic. You will have one minute to prepare before speaking for up to two minutes. The examiner will then ask one or two questions on the same topic. Part 3 - you will be asked further questions about the topic in Part 2. These will give you the opportunity to discuss more abstract ideas and issues. This part of the test lasts between four and five minutes. IELTS Speaking description Paper format: The Speaking test consists of an oral interview between the test takers' and an examiner. All Speaking tests are recorded. Timing: 11–14 minutes Task types: There are three parts to the test and each part fulfils a specific function in terms of interaction pattern, task input and test takers output. IELTS Speaking in detail A detailed look at the paper with links to related resources. Part 1 – Introduction and interview Task type and format: In this part, the examiner introduces him/herself and checks the test takers' identity. They then ask the test takers general questions on some familiar topics such as home, family, work, studies and interests. To ensure consistency, questions are taken from a script. Part 1 lasts for 4–5 minutes. Task focus: This part of the test focuses on the ability to communicate opinions and information on everyday topics and common experiences or situations by answering a range of questions. No. of questions: Variable Part 2 – Long turn Task type and format: Part 2 is the individual long turn. The examiner gives the test takers a task card which asks the test takers to talk about a particular topic, includes points to cover in their talk and instructs the test takers to explain one aspect of the topic. Test takers are given one minute to prepare their talk, and are given a pencil and paper to make notes. The examiner asks the test takers to talk for 1 to 2 minutes, stops the test takers after 2 minutes, and asks one or two questions on the same topic. Using the points on the task card effectively, and making notes during the preparation time, will help the test takers think of appropriate things to say, structure their talk, and keep talking for 2 minutes. Part 2 lasts 3–4 minutes, including the preparation time. Task focus: This part of the test focuses on the ability to speak at length on a given topic (without further prompts from the examiner), using appropriate language and organising ideas coherently. It is likely that the test takers will need to draw on their own experience to complete the long turn. No. of questions: Variable Part 3 – Discussion Task type and format: In Part 3, the examiner and the test takers discuss issues related to the topic in Part 2 in a more general and abstract way and, where appropriate, in greater depth. Part 3 lasts 4–5 minutes. Task focus: This part of the test focuses on the ability to express and justify opinions and to analyse, discuss and speculate about issues. No. of questions: Variable https://www.babarenglish.com/speaking-for-ielts Cambridge IELTS Speaking Tests Cambridge IELTS Speaking Tests (70)70 posts https://www.babarenglish.com/babarenglish/categories/cambridge-ielts-speaking-tests-1 Speaking Parts -1 ,2,3 Comprehensive Suggestion with Answer IELTS Speaking Part 2 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part 1 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part 3 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part-1 (87)87 posts IELTS Speaking Part-2 (185)185 posts IELTS Speaking Part-3 Model Answer (100)100 posts IELTS Speaking Part-1 IELTS Speaking Part 1 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part-1 Name IELTS Speaking Part-1 Hometown IELTS Speaking Part-1 Festival IELTS Speaking Part-1 Perfume IELTS Speaking Part-1 Rain IELTS Speaking Part-1 Study IELTS Speaking Part-1 Music IELTS Speaking Part-1 Photography IELTS Speaking Part-1 School IELTS Speaking Part-1 Accommodation IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sky IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sky IELTS Speaking Part-1 Weather IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sharing IELTS Speaking Part-1 Markets IELTS Speaking Part-1 Gifts IELTS Speaking Part-1 Magazines IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sleeping IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sports IELTS Speaking Part-1 Films IELTS Speaking Part-1 Transportation IELTS Speaking Part-1 Smiling IELTS Speaking Part-1 Mobile Phone IELTS Speaking Part-1 Birthdays IELTS Speaking Part-1 Teamwork IELTS Speaking Part-1 Pets IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sports IELTS Speaking Part-1 Internet IELTS Speaking Part-1 Holiday IELTS Speaking Part-1 Drawing IELTS Speaking Part-1 Advertisement IELTS Speaking Part-1 Writing IELTS Speaking Part-1 Technology IELTS Speaking Part -1 Dictionary IELTS Speaking Part-1 Shopping IELTS Speaking Part-1 Weekend IELTS Speaking Part-1 Transportation IELTS Speaking Part-1 Time IELTS Speaking Part-1 Reading IELTS Speaking Part-1 Politeness IELTS Speaking Part-1 Museum IELTS Speaking Part-1 Hobbies IELTS Speaking Part-1 Help IELTS Speaking Part-1 Happiness IELTS Speaking Part-1 Friend IELTS Speaking Part-1 Dreams IELTS Speaking Part-1 Colour IELTS Speaking Part-1 Collection IELTS Speaking Part-1 Celebrities IELTS Speaking Part-1 Books IELTS Speaking Part-1 Animals IELTS Speaking Part-1 Accommodation IELTS Speaking Part-1 Outdoor Activities IELTS Speaking Part-1 Computer and the Internet IELTS Speaking Part-1 Time Management IELTS Speaking Part-1 Social Media IELTS Speaking Part-1 Litter / Garbage IELTS Speaking Part-1 Family Activities IELTS Speaking Part-1 Staying at home IELTS Speaking Part-1 Letters and Handwriting IELTS Speaking Part-1 Travel and Tourism IELTS Speaking Part-1 Crowded Places IELTS Speaking Part-1 Stars / Movie IELTS Speaking Part-1 Rubbish / Garbage IELTS Speaking Part-1 Borrowing & Lending IELTS Speaking Part-1 Films / Movies IELTS Speaking Part-1 Childhood IELTS Speaking Part -1 Computer IELTS Speaking Part-1 Clothes IELTS Speaking Part-1 Bicycles IELTS Speaking Part-1 Bicycles IELTS Speaking Part-1 Family IELTS Speaking Part-1 TV Program IELTS Speaking Part-1 Your Name IELTS Speaking Part-1 Daily routine IELTS Speaking Part-1 Social Network IELTS Speaking Part-1 Artificial Intelligent IELTS Speaking Part-1 "Neighbours & Neighbourhood" IELTS Speaking Part-1 Teachers / Teaching IELTS Speaking Part-1 Newspaper & Magazine IELTS Speaking Part-1 Leisure Activities IELTS Speaking Part-1 Indoor Activities IELTS Speaking Part-1 House / Home IELTS Speaking Part-1 Food / Cooking IELTS Speaking Part-1 Flats / Houses / Accommodation IELTS Speaking Part -1 Daily Routine IELTS Speaking Part-1 Work / Job IELTS Speaking Part-1 Activity Near Water IELTS Speaking Part-1 Town/City Where You Live Now IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Speaking Part 2 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part-2 A (long) car journey you have been on IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a movie you have watched in a cinema or at home IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a person you know who loves to grow plants (e.g., vegetables, fruits, flowers) IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a piece of art that you think is good. IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a piece of art that you think is good. IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a place that you remember that is full of colours IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a recent outing you went on IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a skill you learned from an old person IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a trip that you took using public transport IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a TV show that you enjoy. IELTS Speaking Part-2 A activity you do for your health or fitness IELTS Speaking Part-2 A bad online shopping experience you had IELTS Speaking Part-2 A beautiful city you know IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Beautiful or Handsome Person IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Book You Have Recently Read IELTS Speaking Part-2 A building that you like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Change that could improve your local area. IELTS Speaking Part-2 A change you recently made in your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Child that You Know and Like a Lot IELTS Speaking Part-2 A country / city that you would like to live or work in the future IELTS Speaking Part-2 A country you have visited IELTS Speaking Part-2 A creative person who you admire (e.g., a scientist, an inventor) IELTS Speaking Part-2 A creative project that you have worked on recently IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Describe a place you have recently visited IELTS Speaking Part-2 A difficult decision in your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 A difficult decision that you made IELTS Speaking Part-2 A family business that you know IELTS Speaking Part-2 A family member you are closest to IELTS Speaking Part-2 A foreign language that you would like to learn IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Gift You Recently Gave to Someone IELTS Speaking Part-2 A goal that you hope to achieve in the future IELTS Speaking Part-2 A good law in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 A good time you had with your friends when went out with them IELTS Speaking Part-2 A happy experience you have had IELTS Speaking Part-2 A historical building you have visited IELTS Speaking Part-2 A historical period you would like to know more about IELTS Speaking Part-2 A home appliance that you use often IELTS Speaking Part-2 A interesting talk or lecture IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Journey that Didn’t Go as Planned IELTS Speaking Part-2 A journey that you disliked IELTS Speaking Part-2 A kind of food people eat during a special event IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Language You Have Learned IELTS Speaking Part-2 A leisure activity that you did when you were young IELTS Speaking Part-2 A magazine or newspaper that you like to read IELTS Speaking Part-2 A magazine that you like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Member of the Your Family You Get on Well With IELTS Speaking Part-2 A new skill you would like to learn IELTS Speaking Part-2 A newly built public facility (such as a park, cinema etc) that influences your city IELTS Speaking Part-2 A perfect vacation away from home that you would like to have in the future IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person / someone you would like to study or work with IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person from another country that you like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who can use or speak a second IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who has interesting ideas or opinions IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who helps to protect the environment IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who made you laugh when you were a child IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who often helps others IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who often travels by plane . IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who speaks a foreign language well IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person you admire IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Person you Know Who is Kind IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person you wanted to be similar to when you were growing up IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person you would like to meet IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Photograph You Like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Piece of Advice You Recently Received / Advice you received at work or for your studies IELTS Speaking Part-2 A piece of clothing you enjoy wearing IELTS Speaking Part-2 A piece of good news you heard (from the TV or the Internet) IELTS Speaking Part-2 A piece of software that you use often IELTS Speaking Part-2 A piece of technology / electronic gadget (not computer related) that you like to use IELTS Speaking Part-2 A piece of art that impressed you IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Piece of Art You Like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A place near water IELTS Speaking Part-2 A place that you would like to travel to that is far away from your home IELTS Speaking Part-2 A place where you read or write (not your home) IELTS Speaking Part-2 A plan you made and later changed IELTS Speaking Part-2 A popular person IELTS Speaking Part-2 A popular tourist destination that you have visited IELTS Speaking Part-2 A positive change that you made to your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 A practical skill you learned recently IELTS Speaking Part-2 A present or gift someone gave you that you really liked IELTS Speaking Part-2 A prize you would like to win IELTS Speaking Part-2 A product or application that is based on artificial intelligence IELTS Speaking Part-2 A public park or garden IELTS Speaking Part-2 A quiz or game show that you like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A recent development in your city IELTS Speaking Part-2 A school rule that you agree or disagree with IELTS Speaking Part-2 A short holiday (vacation) that was special for you IELTS Speaking Part-2 A social movement for change in your community IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Someone you Respect IELTS Speaking Part-2 A song You Like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A special thing that you bought at a tourist attraction IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Sports You Would Like to Learn IELTS Speaking Part-2 A subject that you did not like in the past, but now you like it IELTS Speaking Part-2 A successful thing that your friend has done IELTS Speaking Part-2 A technology that you find difficult to use IELTS Speaking Part-2 A teenager you know IELTS Speaking Part-2 A television program that you like to watch IELTS Speaking Part-2 A the happiest moment of your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time / an occasion when somebody gave you positive suggestions IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Time of the day You Like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time someone didn’t tell you the whole truth about something IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time that a piece of equipment of yours was broken IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time that you looked at the sky IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when someone apologized to you IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when the vehicle you were travelling in broke down IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you are very busy IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you failed at something IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you got bored when you were with others IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you got up early in the morning IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you had an unusual meal IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you helped someone IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you played an indoor game IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you saw an interesting animal IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you were given incorrect information IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you arrived early for an appointment IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you needed to use imagination IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you received bad service IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you solved a problem through the internet IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you taught something to a younger person IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you taught something to an old person IELTS Speaking Part-2 A toy you were given as a child IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Useful Website. IELTS Speaking Part-2 A vocation you think is useful to society IELTS Speaking Part-2 A water sport you would like to try in the future IELTS Speaking Part-2 A website you use frequently IELTS Speaking Part-2 An activity you do to keep healthy IELTS Speaking Part-2 An activity you do when you are alone in your free time IELTS Speaking Part-2 An advertisement that really annoyed you. IELTS Speaking Part-2 An advertisement you remember well IELTS Speaking Part-2 An environmental problem that has occurred in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 An event that you organized at work which was successful IELTS Speaking Part-2 An exciting /An interesting book you have read IELTS Speaking Part-2 An exciting sporting event or competition that you took part in IELTS Speaking Part-2 An exercise You Know / Like IELTS Speaking Part-2 An important day you celebrate in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 An important event that you have celebrated IELTS Speaking Part-2 An important plant in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 An important river/lake/piece of water in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 An intelligent person you know IELTS Speaking Part-2 An interesting conversation you had with someone IELTS Speaking Part-2 An Interesting Hobby. IELTS Speaking Part-2 An interesting job that you would like todo IELTS Speaking Part-2 An interesting journey you have been on IELTS Speaking Part-2 An occasion when visitors came to your home IELTS Speaking Part-2 An occasion when you had to wait in a long line or queue for a long time. IELTS Speaking Part-2 An occasion when you helped someone IELTS Speaking Part-2 An old friend you enjoy talking with IELTS Speaking Part-2 An old person who is interesting IELTS Speaking Part-2 An unusual meal you have had IELTS Speaking Part-2 Best experience of your school/university life you have had IELTS Speaking Part-2 Favorite Music IELTS Speaking Part-2 Favorite Room in the House IELTS Speaking Part-2 Favourite Person in the family IELTS Speaking Part-2 First day at college IELTS Speaking Part-2 How artificial intelligence could impact the future of work IELTS Speaking Part-2 One of your childhood toys that were special to you IELTS Speaking Part-2 Perfect holiday (Your idea of the perfect holiday ) IELTS Speaking Part-2 Some Good News you Recently Received IELTS Speaking Part-2 Some popular influential role models in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 Someone who has had an important influence on your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 Someone who is a good parent IELTS Speaking Part-2 Someone you know who dresses well IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something interesting that your friend has done but you haven’t IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something lost by others but found by you IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something that you have bought and never used IELTS Speaking Part-2 something that you made and gave to someone else IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something that you own and want to replace IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something that you were given that you needed IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something you bought but you were not happy with IELTS Speaking Part-2 something you own which is very important to you. IELTS Speaking Part-2 Somewhere you visited which had a lot of air pollution IELTS Speaking Part-2 The Saddest moment in your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your best friend IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your best friend from your childhood / Childhood Friend IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your dream home / A home you would like to live IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your Favourite Game or Sport /a game or sport that you enjoy playing IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your favourite hobby or pastime IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your Favourite Person IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your favourite season IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your favourite singer or band IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your favourite song IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your hometown IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your Neighborhood IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your Neighbour IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your visit to a museum ELTS Speaking Part-3 I ELTS Speaking Part 3 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part-3 Art IELTS Speaking Part-3 Park/ Garden IELTS Speaking Part-3 Activity near or on the sea IELTS Speaking Part-3 Activity to Keep Healthy IELTS Speaking Part-3 Advertisement IELTS Speaking Part-3 Advertising IELTS Speaking Part-3 AMBITION / AIM / STATUS IELTS Speaking Part-3 Animals & Pets / Wild Animal IELTS Speaking Part-3 ARCHITECTURE / HOUSING / BUILDING IELTS Speaking Part-3 Books IELTS Speaking Part-3 Business IELTS Speaking Part-3 Businessman IELTS Speaking Part-3 Celebrities IELTS Speaking Part-3 Changes in Life IELTS Speaking Part-3 Childhood IELTS Speaking Part-3 Choosing work & Work-Life balance IELTS Speaking Part-3 City & Countryside IELTS Speaking Part-3 City & Countryside IELTS Speaking Part-3 Clothes IELTS Speaking Part-3 Collecting IELTS Speaking Part-3 Culture IELTS Speaking Part-3 Culture IELTS Speaking Part-3 Decision Making IELTS Speaking Part-3 Decisions IELTS Speaking Part-3 Education IELTS Speaking Part-3 Elderly person IELTS Speaking Part-3 Environment IELTS Speaking Part-3 Environment Pollution IELTS Speaking Part-3 Family IELTS Speaking Part-3 Family IELTS Speaking Part-3 Famous people/ Celebrities IELTS Speaking Part-3 Favourite Subject IELTS Speaking Part-3 Films/ Cinema / Movies IELTS Speaking Part-3 Food / Meal IELTS Speaking Part-3 Food and Eating IELTS Speaking Part-3 Foreign Culture IELTS Speaking Part-3 Free time & Hobbies IELTS Speaking Part-3 Friends IELTS Speaking Part-3 Furniture IELTS Speaking Part-3 Gender Issues / Sex Discrimination IELTS Speaking Part-3 Generation Gap IELTS Speaking Part-3 Gifts IELTS Speaking Part-3 Handwriting IELTS Speaking Part-3 Health IELTS Speaking Part-3 Health IELTS Speaking Part-3 Historic Place IELTS Speaking Part-3 History IELTS Speaking Part-3 Holidays & Celebration IELTS Speaking Part-3 ideal home, flat or house IELTS Speaking Part-3 Internet / Website IELTS Speaking Part-3 Language IELTS Speaking Part-3 Language / Learning English IELTS Speaking Part-3 Leadership IELTS Speaking Part-3 Leadership and politics IELTS Speaking Part-3 Leisure Activities IELTS Speaking Part-3 Letter / Email IELTS Speaking Part-3 Media & News IELTS Speaking Part-3 Media & News IELTS Speaking Part-3 Media & News IELTS Speaking Part-3 Media / Social Media IELTS Speaking Part-3 Mobile Phone IELTS Speaking Part-3 Money IELTS Speaking Part-3 Movies IELTS Speaking Part-3 Museum IELTS Speaking Part-3 Music IELTS Speaking Part-3 Music IELTS Speaking Part-3 Nature IELTS Speaking Part-3 Neighbour IELTS Speaking Part-3 Online Reviews & Customer service IELTS Speaking Part-3 Parents IELTS Speaking Part-3 Photography IELTS Speaking Part-3 Plan / Future Plan IELTS Speaking Part-3 Politeness IELTS Speaking Part-3 Product you bought and felt happy IELTS Speaking Part-3 Public Speaking IELTS Speaking Part-3 Punctuality IELTS Speaking Part-3 Reading Books IELTS Speaking Part-3 Retirement and old age IELTS Speaking Part-3 Rule in School / Company IELTS Speaking Part-3 Science & Technology IELTS Speaking Part-3 Shopping IELTS Speaking Part-3 Skill which is important IELTS Speaking Part-3 Social network IELTS Speaking Part-3 Socialising IELTS Speaking Part-3 Society IELTS Speaking Part-3 Sports and Competition IELTS Speaking Part-3 Teaching IELTS Speaking Part-3 Teamwork / Group Work IELTS Speaking Part-3 Technology IELTS Speaking Part-3 Tourism / Travel IELTS Speaking Part-3 Toys IELTS Speaking Part-3 Transportation IELTS Speaking Part-3 Travelling IELTS Speaking Part-3 TV / Movies / Films IELTS Speaking Part-3 Vacation in a faraway place IELTS Speaking Part-3 Weather IELTS Speaking Part-3 Weather IELTS Speaking Part-3 Work IELTS Speaking Part-3 Work/ live abroad / foreign country Cambridge Book IELTS Speaking Tests with Answer Cambridge Book-3 Cambridge IELTS 3 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 3 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 3 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 3 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-4 Cambridge IELTS 4 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 4 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 4 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 4 Speaking Test-4with Answer Cambridge Book-5 Cambridge IELTS 5 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 5 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 5 Speaking Test-3with Answer Cambridge IELTS 5 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-6 Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-7 Cambridge IELTS 7 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 7 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 7 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 7 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-8 Cambridge IELTS 8 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 8 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 8 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 8 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-9 Cambridge IELTS 9 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 9 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 9 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 9 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-10 Cambridge IELTS 10 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 10 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 10 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 10 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 10 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-11 Cambridge IELTS 11 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 11 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 11 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 11 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-12 Cambridge IELTS 12 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 12 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 12 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 12 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-13 Cambridge IELTS 13 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 13 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 13 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 13 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-14 Cambridge IELTS 14 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 14 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 14 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 14 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-15 Cambridge IELTS 15 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 15 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 15 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 15 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-16 Cambridge IELTS 16 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 16 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 16 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 16 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 16 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-17 Cambridge IELTS 17 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 17 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 17 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-18 Cambridge IELTS 18 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 18 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 18 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 18 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-19 Cambridge IELTS 19 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 19 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 19 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 19 Speaking Test-4 with Answer I Model Answers Model Answers Model Answers Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-1 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-1 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-1 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-1 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-2 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-2 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-2 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-2 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-3Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-3Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-3Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-3Model Answers Read More IELTS IELTS Academic Writing Task-1 IELTS General Training Writing Task-1 IELTS Grammar IELTS Idea Builders IELTS Reading IELTS Speaking IELTS Speaking Part -3 IELTS Speaking Part-1 IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Vocabulary IELTS Writing IELTS Writing Task-2 Essay Writing IELTS Listening

english for honours examination, Hounours english HONOURS Idea Builders Idea Builders Listening Reading writing Speaking Vocabulary Grammar Synonyms & Phraphrasing English Syllabus & Book List BA Hons (1st Year) Course National University Bangladesh (http://www.nu.edu.bd ). Detailed Syllabus Paper Code : 211101 Marks : 100 Credits : 4 Class Hours : 60 Paper Title :English Reading Skills The Paper seeks to develop student’ reading skills and covers the following sub-skills: a) Guessing word meanings by using knowledge of word form (class), word function, word structure and formation and most importantly, contextual clues. b) Understanding ornamental expressions c) Tackling sentence meaning, d) Surveying text organization, e) Reading for specific information (skimming) f) Reading for general comprehension/gist (scanning), g) Summarizing, h) Predicting , i) Interpreting and j) Recognizing, author’s position, tone and attitude The reading texts will be chosen from different types of writing like descriptive, narrative, expository, argumentative, journalistic and academic text e.g. History, Philosophy etc. Recommended books: Williams. E. 1984 Reading in the Language Classroom. Macmillan Wallace.1992. Reading, OUP Barr. P. Clegg, J. and Wallace, C. 1981 Advance Reading Skills Longman Walter, Catherine. 1988. Class Readers, OUP Paper Code : 211103 Marks : 100 Credits : 4 Class Hours : 60 Paper Title : English Writing Skills a. Paragraphs using a variety of techniques such as examples, listing, cause and effect, comparison-contrast among others, b. Essay: Descriptive, Narrative, Expository and Argumentative, c. Report writing: Newspaper Report, Survey Report, Business Report d. Letter: Formal / Informal/ Business and e. Notice, Memo, Notes, Press Release, Minutes. Paper Code : 211105 Marks : 100 Credits : 4 Class Hours : 60 Paper Title : Introduction to Poetry W. Shakespeare “ Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” Milton “On His Blindness” John Donne “The Good-Morrow” R. Herrick “To Daffodils” Thomas Gray “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” W. Wordsworth “I wandered Lonely as a Cloud” P.B. Shelley “Ode to the West Wind” John Keats “To Autumn” A. Tennyson “Ulysses” R. Browning “Patriot” Elizabeth B. Br“How do I love thee” W. Whitman “Crossing Brooklyn Ferry” Emily Dickenson “Because I Could not stop for Death” W.B. Yeats “A Prayer for My Daughter” R. Frost “Home Burial” D.H Lawrence “The Piano” Dylan Thomas “Fern Hill” Ted Hughes “Pike” R. Tagore “ Where the mind is without fear” (Gitanjali-35) Kaiser Huq “Learning Grief” Literary Terms: Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Metonymy, Symbol, Irony, Climax, Anticlimax, Alliteration, Assonance, Hyperbole, Paradox, Onomatopoeia, Bathos, Allusion, Conceit, Pun, Imagery, Elegy, Sonnet, Lyric, Dramatic Monologue, Ode, Ballad, Fable, Satire, Lampoon Prosody Accent, Foot/ Measure, Blank Verse, Rhyme, Tercet , Couplet, Heroic Couplet, Scansion of verse and others. Paper Code : 211107 Marks : 100 Credits : 4 Class Hours : 60 Paper Title : Introduction to Prose: Fiction and Non- Fiction: F. Bacon “Of Studies” A. Lincoln “Gettysburg Address” R. Tagore “Letter to Lord Chelmsford Rejecting Knighthood” G. Orwell “Shooting an Elephant” Martin Luther King “I have a dream” N. Mandela “Long Walk to Freedom” (Part Eleven: Freedom: Chapter 115) Fiction S. Maugham “The Luncheon” O Henry “The Gift of the Magi” James Joyce “Araby” K. Mansfield “The Garden Party” E. Hemmingway “A Cat in the Rain” Anita Desai “Games at Twilight” Novel G. Eliot Silas Marner Paper Code 212009 Marks : 100 Credits : 4 Class Hours : 60 Paper Title Introducing Sociology Exam Duration : 4 Hours 1. Definition, Nature & Scope of Sociology, relationship with other social sciences. Development of Sociology: Contributions of Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber 2. Culture, Beliefs & Values: Norms, sanctions, symbols, language, subculture, counterculture, hegemony & resistance 3. Globalization, Culture and Society: Globalization and its different dimensions, Cultural globalization, global culture and social change 4. Urbanization and Social Formation: Definition of urbanization and urbanism, Process of urbanization in developing societies and social formation, over urbanization, growth of slum & poverty in mega cities 5. Gender and Society: DisPaper of WID, WAD and GAD, Why gender is important in the disPaper of development, Gender inequality & women’s subjugation in developing societies. 6. Environmental Problems, Natural Disasters and Social Crisis: Climate change and its impact on society, Natural disaster, social crisis and vulnerabilities, Climate change, deforestation and mal-development. 7. Social Inequality: Dimensions of social inequality: Class, gender, age, minority group (religious and indigenous), economic vulnerability, Social inequalities in developed & developing countries. 8. Types of societies: Marxist view on classifying societies on the basis of type of control over economic resources and Lenski’s view on classifying societies by their main means of Subsistance. 9. Deviance & Social Control: Definition of deviance, theories of deviance. Crime & justice system, agencies of social control. 10. Health, Illness and Society: Nature & scope of the problem, Urbanizations, acute, chronic & life style diseases, Social, environmental & behavioural factors affecting health, Communicable & behavioural diseases: STD, HIV/AIDS, TB, Hep-B etc Reference: Giddens Sociology Tony Bilton et al Introductory Sociology Paper Code 212111 Marks : 100 Credits : 4 Class Hours : 60 Paper Title Introduction to Social Work Exam Duration : 4 Hours 1. Social Work: Meaning, Characteristics, Scope and Importance Relationship of Social Work with other Sciences- Sociology, Economics, Psychology and Political Science. 2. Evolution: Evolution of Social Work in UK, USA, India and Bangladesh. 3. Social Reformers and their Movements in Pre-partition India and Bangladesh: Raja Rammohan Ray, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, A.K Fazlul Haque, Sir Syad Ahmed, Begum Rokeya. 4. Social Legislations Related to Social Security, Women Welfare, Child Welfare. 5. Profession and Social Work: Meaning and Characteristics of Profession, Social Work as profession, Philosophical, Religions and Ethical Basis of Social Work. 6. Industrial Revolution: Meaning, Impact on Society, Industrialization, Urbanization, Welfare State. 7. Social Problems and Social Services in Bangladesh. 8. Methods of Social Work: Basic and Auxiliary Methods and their Basic Issues such as Meaning, Elements, Principles and Area of Use. Importance of Social Work Methods in Bangladesh. Books Recommended: 1. Barker, Robert L. :Social Work Dictionary, 3rd ed. NASW, New York, 1995. 2. Coulshed, Veronica Social Work Practice: An Introduction 2nd ed. London. Macmillan, 1991. 3. Friedlander, Walter A. : Introduction to Social Welfare. Prentice Hall, 2nd ed. New Delhi-1967. 4. Khalid, M. : Welfare State, Karachi, Royal Book, 1968 5. Morales, A. And Shaefor, B. Social Work – A Profession of many faces, 4th ed. Allyan and Bacan, Boston, 1986. Paper Code 211909 Marks : 100 Credits : 4 Class Hours : 60 Paper Title Introduction to Political Theory Exam Duration : 4 Hours Political Science : Meaning, Nature, Scope, Methods, Relations to other Social Sciences, Importance to Study Political Science. State : Definition, Elements, State and Government, State and Individual, State and Society, Theories of the origin of the state. Fundamental concepts : Sovereignty, Law, Liberty, Equality, Rights and Duties, Nation, Nationalism, Internationalism. Concepts of Political Sociology : Political culture, elite theory, Max Weber and Bureaucracy Political Thinkers : Plato, Aristotle, St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau. Books Recommended : 1. R.G. Gettell : Political Science 2. J. W. Garner : Political Science and Government 3. R. M. MacIver : The Modern State 4. G.H. Sabine : A History of Political Theory 5. William Ebenstein : Great Political Thinkers-Plato to the Present 6. H.G. Laski : A Grammar of Politics. Paper Code 211501 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60 Paper Title: History of Emergence of Independent Bangladesh History of the Emergence of Independent Bangladesh Introduction: Scope and description of the emergence of Independent Bangladesh. Writing on this topic. 1. Description of the country and its people. a. Geographical features and their influence. b. Ethnic composition. c. Language. d. Cultural syncretism and religious tolerance. e. Distinctive identity of Bangladesh in the context of undivided Bangladesh. 2. Proposal for undivided sovereign Bengal and the partition of the Sub Continent, 1947. a. Rise of communalism under the colonial rule, Lahore Resolution 1940. b. The proposal of Suhrawardi and Sarat Bose for undivided Bengal : consequences c. The creation of Pakistan 1947 . 3. Pakistan: Structure of the state and disparity. a. Central and provincial structure. b. Influence of Military and Civil bureaucracy. C . Economic , social and cultural disparity 4. Language Movement and quest for Bengali identity a. Misrule by Muslim League and Struggle for democratic politics . b. The Language Movement: context and phases . c. United front of Haque – Vasani – Suhrawardi: election of 1954, consequences. 3. Pakistan: Structure of the state and disparity. a. Central and provincial structure. b. Influence of Military and Civil bureaucracy. C . Economic , social and cultural disparity 4. Language Movement and quest for Bengali identity a. Misrule by Muslim League and Struggle for democratic politics . b. The Language Movement: context and phases . c. United front of Haque – Vasani – Suhrawardi: election of 1954, consequences. 7. The mass- upsurge of 1969 and 11 point movement: background,programme and significance. 8. Election of 1970 and the Declaration of Independence by Bangobondhu a. Election result and centres refusal to comply b. The non co-operation movement, the 7th March , Address , Operation Searchlight c. Declaration of Independence by Bangobondhu and his arrest 9. The war of Liberation 1971 a. Genocide, repression of women, refugees b. Formation of Bangladesh government and proclamation of Independence c. The spontaneous early resistance and subsequent organized resistance (Mukti Fouz, Mukti Bahini, guerillas and the frontal warfare ) d. Publicity Campaign in the war of Liberation (Shadhin Bangla Betar Kendra, the Campaigns abroad and formation of public opinion ) e. Contribution of students, women and the masses (Peoples war) f. The role of super powers and the Muslim states in the Liberation war. g. The Anti-liberation activities of the occupation army, the Peace Committee, Al-Badar, Al-Shams, Rajakars, pro Pakistan political parties and Pakistani Collaborators , killing of the intellectuals. h. Trial of Bangabondhu and reaction of the World Community. i. The contribution of India in the Liberation War j. Formation of joint command and the Victory k. The overall contribution of Bangabondhu in the Independence struggle. 10. The Bangabondhu Regime 1972-1975 a. Homecoming b. Making of the constitution c. Reconstruction of the war ravaged country d. The murder of Bangabondhu and his family and the ideological turn-around.

HSC English - English 1st and 2nd Paper English for HSC Examination English 1st Paper English 2nd Paper Board Questions Suggestion and Practice Sheet HSC VOCABULAY English For Today HSC 2024 FULL SYLLABUS CLICK ON THE LINK https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1QFiRZR2DBEYeFSvg3LwFNM0-1ZBEHGE_?usp=share_link English 1st Paper Marks Distribution for HSC English 1st paper (Only for the years 2024 and 2025) Total- 100 Subject Code-107 Test item Marks Part 1: Reading (60 Marks) Multiple choice questions .5×10 = 05 Short answer questions 3×5 = 15 Information transfer/flow chart 1×5 = 05 Summary writing 1 ×10 = 10 Cloze test with clues (unseen) .5 ×10 = 05 Cloze test without clues (unseen) 1× 10 = 10 Rearranging (unseen) 10 Part 2: Guided Writing (40 Marks) 8.Interpreting graph/chart 15 9.Story Writing 15 10.Informal letter 10 Marks Distribution for HSC English 2nd paper (Only for the years 2024 and 2025) Subject Code - 108 Total- 100 Marks Test Item/s Marks Part A: Grammar (60 marks) 1 Gap filling activities without clues (for prepositions) .0.5x10=05 2 Gap filling activities with clues (special uses: was born, have to/has to, would rather, had better, let alone, as soon as, what’s…like, what does…look like, introductory ‘there’ or ‘it’) 0.5×10=05 3 Completing sentences (with clauses/ phrases) 10×1= 10 4 Use of verbs (right form of verbs and subject-verb agreement as per context) 0.5×14=7 5 Narrative style (direct to indirect and vice versa) 7 6 Use of modifiers 0.5×10=5 7 Use of sentence connectors 0.5×14=7 8 Use of synonym and antonym 0.5×14=7 9 Punctuation 0.5×14=7 Part-B: Composition (40 marks) 10 Formal letter writing/Gmail 10 11 Writing paragraph (by listing/ description) within 200 words 15 12 Writing paragraph (comparison and contrast/ cause and effect) within 200 words. 15 HSC Examinati on-2024 English 1st Paper How to approach questions in English 1st paper and get good score Marks Distribution for HSC English 1st paper (Only for the year 2024 ) Total- 100 Subject Code-107 Test item Marks Part 1: Reading (60 Marks) Multiple choice questions .5×10 = 05 Short answer questions 3×5 = 15 Information transfer/flow chart 1×5 = 05 Summary writing 1 ×10 = 10 Cloze test with clues (unseen) .5 ×10 = 05 Cloze test without clues (unseen) 1× 10 = 10 Rearranging (unseen) 10 Part 2: Guided Writing (40 Marks) 8.Interpreting graph/chart 15 9.Story Writing 15 10.Informal letter 10 Question-1 A -Multiple Choice Question Strategies: Read the passage very carefully ( 2 times). Locate the answer of the questions in the given passage and underline the key words. Choose the answers in the light of the given text. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-1” Then Write letter, number of the option then the word or phrase of the chosen option (a)(iv) people to go abroad Question -1-B Short Answer Question Strategies: At first locate the answers in the text. Then write the answer according to the text. Try to paraphrase ( re-write in your own words) the information given in the text. You should not add any piece of information from outside of the given passage. Try to write at least two sentences for each answer. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-1-B after finishing the first answer then write “ (b)……………………………………….. Etc Question 2 Information Transfer/Flow Chart Strategies: Read the given passage very carefully (2 times) Read the table with gaps carefully Locate the answer in the passage Take the words from the passage to fill in the blanks and see whether the completed sentence make sense or not. See whether the sentences make sense and grammatically correct. Give special attention to first row of the table If you are sure, write the final answer. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-2” You can write like- (i) ….. (ii) ….. (iii) …… Flow Chart A flowchart is essentially a visual representation of data, presented in the form of a picture with various information elements. Flowcharts can come in different types, such as a graph chart or a pie chart. Regardless of the type, each information element is represented in the form of shapes in the chart. Since flowcharts are data-rich, it is important to pay attention to the information presented in the flowchart. Flowcharts contain various indicators on the left, right, or bottom side. These indicators are highlighted with different colors or shades in the flowchart to indicate specific meanings. Similarly, the same colors or shades are incorporated into the flowchart to convey the intended message. To describe or explain a flowchart, all the scales need to be considered in terms of quantity or measurement. Even without a scale, an approximate number can be assumed based on visual estimation. For Flow Chart, first of all, the students should choose the objectives of a flow chart. The next thing to do is to decide on the start and end points. Once that is decided the students should break it down into multiple flows. While drawing, the students should keep it in their mind that a flow chart should be as simple as possible so that the readers make sense of the complex patterns and forces. For the sake of simplicity, detailed information is kept to a minimum leaving a framework upon which readers can later attach details as the patterns of events become clear. However, each flowchart's design is also determined by the nature of the text. Now, let's move on to describing a flowchart. To start, it is essential to understand what is being asked or what needs to be described. Only the information specifically mentioned in the flowchart should be written. In the description of the flowchart, begin by stating: "This description or information is presenting exactly what is mentioned in the question," or by merging the question's sentence into the first sentence. This way, we can clearly present the information and help visualize the data in the flowchart. Rules of Flow Chart At first give a title. Use 6 (six) rectangular/square boxes including the given box. Boxes can be horizontal or vertical. Use arrow sign between two boxes. Use numeric letters serially in each box. Start points with capital letters. Start points according to the given box in the question. Question 3 Summary Writing Strategies: Read the given text very carefully. ( at least 2 times) Write only the key points in your own words. Don’t add any information from outside. Usually, examples and explanation are not written in summary. Summary must be written in one paragraph. Use impersonal tone in summary (don’t use I , we, you….) Write as many words as mentioned in the question; if number of words is not mentioned write one third of the given passage. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-3” Write the summary Question 4 Coze Test With Clues Strategies: Read the give clues very carefully Read the given text at least 2 times Write the answers Re-read the sentences to see whether your words sound reasonable in the contxt How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-4” You can write like- (a) happen (b) see (c) amazing … Question 5 Cloze Test Without Clues Strategies: Read the given text very carefully. (at least 2 times) Write the answers Re-read the sentences to see whether your words sound reasonable in the contxt How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-5” You can write like- (a) happen (b) see (c) amazing … Question 6 Rearranging Strategies: Read the story/text very carefully (2 times) Arrange the sentences roughly ( you can use pencil) See whether the arrangement seems a coherent one or not. If you are sure, write the final answer. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-6” Answer: (iii)→(ix)→(i)→(vi)→(vii)→(iv)→(ii)→(x)→ (v)→(viii) Then write the whole story like this: Khan Jahan Ali was a philanthropic man. He came to Bagerhat to preach Islam and to promote the plight of common people. He found Bagerhat beset with many problems. The scarcity of drinking water is one of them. As Bagerhat is near the Bay of Bengal, the water is usually saline. He, therefore, excavated many tanks to provide fresh water to the people. Gora Dighi is one of them. Thus he redressed the problem of drinking water. His memory will never be sunk into oblivion. The people of Bagerhat remember him with respect. Question 7 Describing Graph Strategies: Start writing the paragraph from the beginning of the page. Keep reasonable margin at all sides Don’t need to write heading /title Study the graph meticulously Write the answer in three to four paragraphs Never add extra information what is not mentioned in the graph. Write as many words as mentioned in the question if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. Maintain the key writing techniques for describing graph- Introduction, Overview, Detail trend, Conclusion. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-7” Write answer keeping equal space on both sides. Question 8 Story Writing Strategies: Read the given prompt very carefully. Make a plan for your writing. Classic/Traditional story should be completed in a traditional way. ( e.g. The hare and the tortoise) Creative story can be completed in your own way. Write as many words as mentioned in the question; if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-8” Must write Title/ heading Write the given prompt and complete the story Write the moral of the story in one sentence in separate paragraph. Question 9 Informal Letters/Email Writing Strategies: Read the given prompt very carefully. Make a plan for your writing. Write as many words as mentioned in the question; if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-9” For Email You can write like this: To: mim@yahoo.com Subject: describing the importance of physical exercise. Dear…., HSC Examination-2024 English 2nd Paper How to approach questions in English 2nd paper and get good score Question-1 Preposition- Gap Filling Activities Question -2 Gap Filling Activities ( Special of some phrases) Question-3 Completing Sentences Question 4 Use of Verbs Question 5 Narrative Style Question 6 Sentence Connectors Question 7 Formal Letter (Application) Question 8 Writing Paragraph Question-1 Preposition- Gap Filling Activities Strategies: Read the passage very carefully ( 2 times). After writing the answers , examine whether the preposition sounds correct in the given gap . Remember that most of them might be appropriate preposition. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-1” Always write the answers downward. You can write like- (a)on (b) to (c) at …… Question -2 Gap Filling Activities ( Special of some phrases) Strategies: At first read the options very carefully. Try to determine which option will fit in the specific gaps One word/phrase is used once only After writing the answers , examine whether the preposition sounds correct in the given gap .Write only the answers How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-2” Write only the answers. Always write the answers downward. You can write like- (a)have to (b) what’s it like (c) let alone …… Question-3 Completing Sentences Strategies: Read all sentences from the beginning to the last. Determine the topic or subject matter of the exercise. Complete the sentences using preferably a clause or phrase according to the context. Read the completed sentences again to see whether they make sense or not. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-3” Write the sentence which you are to complete. Underline the portion that you have written. You can write like- (a) If we drink arsenic polluted water, we are sure to fall sick. (b) Surface water is safe when it is boiled. (c) Pond water is not safe as different types of filthy things are mixed with it. Question 4 Use of Verbs Strategies: Read the given text very carefully. (at least 2 times). Determine the tense of the passage and write the appropriate form of the verbs. Write the answers Re-read the passage using the form of the verbs to see whether your words sound reasonable in the context How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-4” Write only the answers. Always write the answers downward. You can write like- (a) happened (b) has been being done (c) will be doing … Question 5 Narrative Style Strategies: Read the passage very carefully (2 times). Determine the speaker, the person spoken to and tense and person of the given text. Write the answer accordingly. Put the inverted comma according to rule if you are to convert indirect to direct. Read your full answer . How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-5” You can write your answer like this: Answer: The ticket seller asked the stranger respectfully where he (S) liked to go. The stranger replied that he (S) liked to go to Cox's Bazar. The ticket seller asked the stranger how many tickets he (S) needed. He (S) replied that he (S) would buy five tickets. The ticket seller told him (S) to take those tickets. He (T) added that they would cost three thousand taka. Question 6 Sentence Connectors Strategies: At first read the passage with gaps very carefully. Try to determine the topic and sequence of the actions. You may use one connector twice. After writing the answers, examine whether the connector sounds correct in the given gap Write only the answers. Remember, connectors are easy but confusing. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-6” Write only the answers. You can write like- (a) In fact (b) But (c) Rather … Question 7 Formal Letter (Application) (Making complaints and seeking information only) Strategies: Read the given text very carefully. ( at least 2 times) Underline the key words of the application. Start writing from the beginning of the page. Don’t write overleaf. Always use formal language in application. Use formal tone and academic vocabulary. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-7” Write the application starting from the beginning of the page. You can use small hand writing to accommodate more words. Question 8 Writing Paragraph (Comparison/contrast, Cause and Effects) Strategies: Start writing the paragraph from the beginning of the page. Keep reasonable margin in all sides Must write the Name of the paragraph (heading/title) Never write more than one paragraph. Write as many words as mentioned in the question( usually 200 words) if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. Students usually write paragraph 1-3 pages. Maintain the key writing techniques for paragraph- stater, developer and concluding remark. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-8” Write the name of the paragraph keeping equal space on both sides. Write the paragraph You can also read Pargraph Writing Important Pargraphs for Exam Application Important Applications for Exam Letter Writing Important Letters for Exam Story Writing Important Stories for Exam Graph, Chart, Diagram Describing Bar Graphs for Exam Pie Charts for Exam Dialogue Writing Important Dialogues for Exam Essay/Composition Writing Important Compositions for Exam Writing E-mail Important Informal E-mails for Exam Important formal E-mails for Exam CV with Cover Letter Report Writing Amplification Writing Notice Writing Purchase Order Writing Complaint Letter Writing

punctuation, punctuation rules, punctuation for ssc, punctuation for hsc, punctuation tests, punctuation practice Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Basic Punctuation Rules Advanced Punctuation Rules Advanced Punctuation Rules Basic Punctuation Rules Punctuation and Capitalization Rules Period A period, also commonly known as a full stop, is a p unctuation mark (.) used in writing to indicate the end of a sentence. It is a small, circular dot that plays a crucial role in sentence structure, helping to signal the completion of a thought or idea. The period is one of the most basic and frequently used punctuation marks in the English language. In addition to marking the end of declarative and imperative sentences, periods are also used after abbreviations, initials, and in various other contexts, as outlined in the rules and examples provided earlier. Understanding and using periods correctly contribute to clear and effective written communication. Using a Full Stop at the End of a Declarative/Assertive Sentence: Description: Employ a period to conclude a statement or share information. Examples: The project is due by Friday. The sun sets behind the mountains. They completed the marathon with smiles on their faces. Using a Full Stop at the End of an Imperative Sentence: Description: Place a period at the end of a sentence that gives a command or makes a request. Examples: Please submit your reports by noon. Turn off the computer before leaving. Ensure all doors are securely locked. Using a Full Stop after Abbreviations or Short Forms: Description: Follow abbreviations or short forms with a period. Examples: The meeting is scheduled for Mon., Jan. 20. Prof. Anderson is leading the research team. She is a Ph.D. candidate in psychology. Using a Full Stop after Initials: Description: Use a period after each initial in a person's name. Examples: J. K. Rowling authored the Harry Potter series. M. P. Johnson is our new CEO. The artist's name is A. R. Rahman. Using a Full Stop at the End of an Indirect Question: Description: Conclude a sentence that reports a question indirectly with a period. Examples: She asked if you could join us. I wonder where they went. He questioned if it was the right decision. Using a Full Stop in Website URLs and Email Addresses: Description: In web addresses and email, use multiple full stops (periods) as separators. Examples: Visit our website at www.example.com . Email us at contact@example.com for inquiries. Access the online portal: portal.example.org. Quotation Marks Quotation marks are punctuation marks used to set off and indicate the beginning and end of a quotation or a piece of dialogue. In English, there are two types of quotation marks: double quotation marks (" ") and single quotation marks (' '). The choice between them often depends on stylistic conventions and the context. For example: Double Quotation Marks: She said, "I'll be there by 5 o'clock." The article stated, "The findings are inconclusive." Single Quotation Marks (used within double quotation marks for nested quotes): He remarked, "She told me, 'I can't make it.'" The book is titled 'The Great Gatsby'. Quotation marks play a crucial role in distinguishing quoted or spoken words from the rest of the text, helping to maintain clarity and convey the intended meaning in written communication. Quoting Direct Speech: Description: Use quotation marks to enclose the exact words spoken by a person. Examples: She exclaimed, "I can't believe we won!" He asked, "Where did you find that book?" Mary whispered, "I'll meet you at the usual spot." Quoting Text from a Source: Description: Indicate the exact words from a written source by enclosing them in quotation marks. Examples: The article states, "The results are statistically significant." In the novel, the protagonist declares, "I am ready for whatever comes." The manual says, "Press the reset button to restart the device." Titles of Short Works: Description: Use quotation marks for titles of short works, such as articles, short stories, or individual episodes of a TV series. Examples: I just finished reading "The Gift of the Magi." Have you seen the episode titled "The One Where Everybody Finds Out"? Her favorite poem is "The Road Not Taken." Words as Words: Description: When discussing words themselves, use quotation marks. Examples: The term "algorithm" refers to a set of instructions. She asked, "Can you define 'metaphor' for me?" In linguistics, "syllable" has a specific meaning. Sarcasm or Irony: Description: Indicate sarcasm or irony by placing a word or phrase in quotation marks. Examples: His "helpful" advice only made things worse. The so-called "expert" couldn't answer basic questions. She called it a "vacation" despite working every day. Scare Quotes: Description: Use quotation marks to express doubt or to distance oneself from a term. Examples: The "rules" of the game were constantly changing. He used the term "healthy" to describe deep-fried snacks. The "celebrity" was unknown to most people. Direct Quotations within Indirect Quotations: Description: When quoting someone within another quotation, use single quotation marks inside double quotation marks. Examples: She said, "John told me, 'I'll be there.'" The teacher asked, "Did he say, 'I understand the concept'?" He exclaimed, "The sign read, 'No entry.'" Alternate Meanings or Neologisms: Description: Use quotation marks to highlight a non-standard or new term. Examples: The word "glamping" combines glamour and camping. She described the situation as "hangry," a mix of hungry and angry. The term "adulting" refers to performing adult responsibilities. Emphasizing Words: Description: Occasionally used for emphasis when a word is being singled out. Examples: His "punctuality" is a source of admiration. The "perfect" solution turned out to be flawed. We appreciate the "feedback" we received. Dialogue in Fiction: Description: Use quotation marks to denote spoken words in fiction writing. Examples: "Stop right there!" he shouted. She said, "I'll meet you at the cafe at 6 o'clock." In the novel, the character declared, "This is the end of our journey." Question Mark A question mark (?) is a punctuation symbol used in written language to indicate the end of a direct question. It is shaped like a dot with a curved line beneath it. The primary purpose of a question mark is to convey that the sentence is an inquiry or interrogation, prompting the reader to interpret the statement as seeking information or clarification. End of Direct Questions: Description: Use a question mark to conclude a direct question. Examples: Have you finished your homework? Where did you find that interesting book? Did they enjoy the movie? Indirect Questions: Description: In formal writing, end a sentence with a question mark when reporting an indirect question. Examples: She asked whether you had seen the new exhibit. I wonder if they will attend the meeting. He inquired about what time the event starts. Rhetorical Questions: Description: Use a question mark for questions asked for effect or emphasis where no answer is expected. Examples: Could that day have been any more perfect? Do you really think I would say no? Isn't it a beautiful day? In Series of Questions: Description: End each question in a series with a question mark. Examples: Who, what, when, where, and why? Did she complete the assignment on time? Did she understand the instructions? Are you sure about the details? Can you double-check? Question Tags: Description: Use a question mark with a question tag added at the end of a statement. Examples: You're coming to the party, aren't you? He finished his work, didn't he? She isn't late again, is she? In Formal Titles: Description: Question marks are appropriate in the titles of works posing a question. Examples: "Who Moved My Cheese?" "What Is the Meaning of Life?" "Are You There, God? It's Me, Margaret." Uncertainty or Doubt: Description: Use a question mark to indicate uncertainty or doubt. Examples: I'm not sure if he'll attend the meeting tomorrow? Is this the correct address? Are you absolutely certain about your decision? Semicolon A semicolon (;) is a punctuation mark that is used to connect two closely related independent clauses (complete sentences) in a way that is stronger than a comma but less final than a period. It is also used in certain other specific situations in written English. Connecting Independent Clauses: Description: Use a semicolon to connect two independent clauses (complete sentences) without a conjunction. Examples: The sun was setting; the sky turned a beautiful shade of orange. She finished her work early; therefore, she decided to go for a walk. They traveled to Paris; it was an unforgettable experience. Separating Items in a List with Internal Commas: Description: Use semicolons to separate items in a list when those items already contain commas. Examples: Our team includes Sarah, project manager; Mark, developer; and Alex, designer. The workshop covered time management; effective communication, both written and verbal; and problem-solving skills. The ingredients for the salad include spinach, washed and dried; cherry tomatoes, halved; and feta cheese. Connecting Independent Clauses with Transitional Phrases: Description: Use a semicolon before a transitional phrase when connecting two independent clauses. Examples: She had never been to London; however, she was excited to explore the city. The project deadline was approaching; as a result, everyone worked extra hours. He was late for the meeting; nevertheless, he apologized sincerely. Emphasizing a Strong Relationship between Independent Clauses: Description: Use a semicolon to emphasize a strong relationship between two closely related independent clauses. Examples: The storm was approaching; the villagers began to secure their homes. The company faced financial challenges; the CEO remained optimistic about the future. The research was thorough; the conclusions were well-supported. Joining Independent Clauses in a Series: Description: Use semicolons to separate independent clauses in a series when those clauses are already separated by commas. Examples: We visited Rome, Italy; Athens, Greece; and Barcelona, Spain. The project involved analyzing data, creating visualizations; presenting findings, and receiving feedback. He enjoyed hiking in the mountains; swimming in the lakes; and camping in the forests. Colon A colon (:) is a punctuation mark that is used in various ways in written language. Here are some of the primary uses of a colon: Here are rules for using the colon with descriptions and three examples for each rule: Introducing a List: Description: Use a colon to introduce a list of items, explanations, or examples. Examples: The camping trip requires: a tent, sleeping bag, and cooking utensils. There are three key ingredients for the recipe: flour, sugar, and eggs. Bring the following to the meeting: your notes, laptop, and enthusiasm. Introducing an Explanation or Clarification: Description: Use a colon to introduce an explanation or clarification. Examples: The reason is simple: he forgot about the appointment. Here's the plan: we'll meet at the park, have a picnic, and play games. There's one thing you should know: the deadline has been extended. Separating Hours and Minutes in Time: Description: Use a colon to separate hours from minutes when expressing time. Examples: The flight departs at 6:45 AM. The webinar is scheduled for 2:30 PM. The movie starts at 7:15 PM. Introducing a Quotation: Description: Use a colon before a quotation, especially in more formal writing. Examples: The coach shared his mantra: "Practice makes perfect." The professor emphasized this point: "Research is the key to understanding." His motto was clear: "Never give up on your dreams." Separating a Title from a Subtitle: Description: Use a colon to separate the main title from a subtitle in book or article titles. Examples: "The Art of Cooking: Mastering Culinary Skills." "Exploring the Universe: A Guide to Astronomy." "Time Management: Strategies for Success." Separating Independent Clauses in Certain Situations: Description: Use a colon to separate independent clauses when the second clause explains or elaborates on the first. Examples: The challenge was daunting: complete the project in just one week. The goal was clear: improve customer satisfaction. The decision was unanimous: relocate the office to a larger space. In Ratios: Description: Use a colon to represent a ratio between two numbers. Examples: The ratio of red to blue marbles is 3:2. In the recipe, the ratio of flour to sugar is 2:1. The team's win-loss ratio is 4:1. Dash (two hyphens together) A dash is a punctuation mark that looks like a horizontal line. There are two primary types of dashes: the en dash (–) and the em dash (—). Here are rules for using dashes, both the en dash (–) and the em dash (—), with descriptions and three examples for each rule: En Dash (–): Indicating a Range: Description: Use an en dash to represent a range between two values. Examples: The meeting is scheduled for May 10–15. The store is open Monday–Friday. The temperature will be 20–25 degrees Celsius. Connecting Related Items: Description: Use an en dash to connect related items, such as in a compound adjective. Examples: The London–Paris flight is known for its efficiency. The New York–based company expanded globally. The Chicago–style pizza is famous for its deep-dish crust. Linking Connected Ideas: Description: Use an en dash to connect ideas that are closely related or linked. Examples: The project's design–implementation phase is critical. The morning–afternoon session will cover various topics. The teacher–student collaboration led to impressive results. Em Dash (—): Setting Off a Clause for Emphasis: Description: Use an em dash to set off a clause for emphasis or to draw attention to a specific part of the sentence. Examples: She was determined to finish the race—no matter the obstacles. The weather—unpredictable and stormy—forced the event indoors. His reaction—disbelief mixed with excitement—was priceless. Indicating an Abrupt Change in Thought: Description: Use an em dash to indicate an abrupt change or interruption in thought. Examples: The plan was foolproof—but things didn't go as expected. We were on our way to the beach—wait, did I forget the sunscreen? The decision, while difficult—had to be made for the greater good. Replacing Parentheses for Clarity: Description: Use an em dash to replace parentheses for a more abrupt or dramatic effect. Examples: The announcement—though unexpected—was well-received. The results—surprisingly positive—were a relief to everyone. The journey—long and challenging—was worth every moment. Comma A comma (,) is a punctuation mark used in written language to indicate a brief pause between different elements of a sentence. Commas have several functions, including separating items in a list, setting off introductory elements, indicating a pause between independent clauses in a compound sentence, and more. 10 rules for using commas with examples for each rule: Separating Items in a List: Description: Use commas to separate items in a list. Examples: We need to buy apples, oranges, and bananas. The essentials for camping include a tent, sleeping bag, and flashlight. She enjoys reading, hiking, and playing the guitar. Setting Off Introductory Elements: Description: Use a comma after introductory words, phrases, or clauses. Examples: After finishing her homework, Emily went for a walk. In the morning, we usually have a hearty breakfast. Despite the rain, they decided to go for a picnic. Separating Independent Clauses in a Compound Sentence: Description: Use a comma before the conjunction in a compound sentence. Examples: The sun was setting, and the moon was rising. She wanted to visit the museum, but it was closed. I enjoy hiking, and my brother loves fishing. Setting Off Non-Essential Information: Description: Use commas to set off non-essential or non-restrictive information in a sentence. Examples: My friend, who is a talented artist, painted a mural. The movie, directed by Steven Spielberg, won several awards. The scientist, known for groundbreaking research, published a new paper. Separating Coordinate Adjectives: Description: Use commas between coordinate adjectives (adjectives that equally modify the noun). Examples: It was a warm, sunny day. She wore a beautiful, flowing gown. They live in a cozy, little cottage. Indicating Direct Address: Description: Use commas to set off the name or title when directly addressing someone. Examples: Sarah, could you please pass the salt? Excuse me, Professor Johnson, may I ask a question? Hi, Mom, I'll be home for dinner. Separating Elements in Dates and Addresses: Description: Use commas to separate elements in dates and addresses. Examples: The meeting is scheduled for July 5, 2023. She lives at 456 Elm Street, Cityville, USA. We'll arrive on Monday, October 15, at 4:30 PM. Before a Conjunction in a Series: Description: Use a comma before the conjunction (and, or, nor) in a series of three or more items. Examples: She bought a book, a pen, and a notebook. The team needs to improve communication, collaboration, and efficiency. They can choose between hiking, biking, or swimming. After Quotations and Dialogue Tags: Description: Use a comma after quotations and before dialogue tags. Examples: "I'll be there," she promised. He said, "I can't believe it." "Let's go," shouted the captain. Between Adjective and Noun: Description: Use a comma between multiple adjectives when they modify the same noun. Examples: She wore a long, flowing dress. He described it as a dark, mysterious forest. The old, creaky door needed repair. Hyphen A hyphen (-) is a punctuation mark used to join words, separate syllables, or link related items in a compound word. It is shorter than a dash and distinct from other punctuation marks. The primary uses of hyphens include: Joining Words in Compound Adjectives: Description: Use a hyphen to connect words that work together as a single adjective before a noun. Examples: a well-known author a three-year-old child a high-quality product Creating Compound Nouns: Description: Use a hyphen to combine words into a single noun, especially when expressing a single concept. Examples: mother-in-law runner-up editor-in-chief Linking Prefixes to Words: Description: Use a hyphen when a prefix is attached to a proper noun or when it might cause confusion without it. Examples: pre-existing condition anti-inflammatory medication post-war era Joining Numbers: Description: Use a hyphen when writing out numbers between twenty-one and ninety-nine and in other compound numbers. Examples: forty-five sixty-eight eighty-two Indicating a Range: Description: Use a hyphen to indicate a range between two values. Examples: pages 15-20 the years 1990-2000 9:00-5:00 working hours Expressing Time: Description: Use a hyphen when expressing time intervals. Examples: a 20-minute break a two-hour movie a 5-day workshop Separating Syllables: Description: Use a hyphen to separate syllables in words. Examples: hap-py pre-vent fan-tas-tic Avoiding Confusion: Description: Use a hyphen to avoid ambiguity or confusion. Examples: re-create (to create again) re-sign (to quit and then sign again) co-worker (as opposed to coworker) In Compound Verbs: Description: Use a hyphen in compound verbs to connect the words and clarify meaning. Examples: drop-kick snowball freeze-dry In Fractions: Description: Use a hyphen in spelled-out fractions. Examples: two-thirds three-fifths one-half Apostrophe An apostrophe (') is a punctuation mark used in written language to indicate the omission of letters (contractions) or to show possession (ownership). The primary uses of apostrophes include: Here are rules for using apostrophes with descriptions and three examples for each rule: Showing Possession (Singular): Description: Use an apostrophe and an "s" ('s) to indicate possession for singular nouns. Examples: The dog's collar is red. Mary's car is parked outside. The baby's blanket is soft. Showing Possession (Plural): Description: Use an apostrophe after the "s" (s') to indicate possession for plural nouns. Examples: The dogs' toys are scattered around the room. The students' assignments are due tomorrow. The cars' headlights are on. Contractions (Omission of Letters): Description: Use an apostrophe to indicate the omission of letters in contractions. Examples: I can't (cannot) believe it. He didn't (did not) receive the message. She won't (will not) be attending the meeting. Contractions in Informal Writing: Description: Use apostrophes in informal writing to represent colloquial contractions. Examples: I'm (I am) going to the store. You're (you are) welcome to join us. Let's (let us) have lunch together. Possession with Plural Nouns Ending in "s": Description: For plural nouns ending in "s," use an apostrophe after the "s" to indicate possession. Examples: The teachers' lounge is on the second floor. The Joneses' house is for sale. The students' desks are organized. Indicating Omission in Dates: Description: Use an apostrophe to indicate the omission of digits in informal references to decades or years. Examples: The class of '92 had a reunion. The music from the '60s is still popular. He grew up in the '80s. Italics Italic is a style of typeface in which the letters are slanted to the right. When text is in italics, the characters are usually slightly tilted or angled, creating a distinctive appearance. Italics are often used in written language for specific purposes, such as emphasis, titles of works, foreign words, and other instances where a distinct visual style is desired. Here are rules for using italics with descriptions and three examples for each rule: Emphasis: Description: Use italics to emphasize a word or phrase in a sentence. Examples: The party was amazing. She truly appreciated the gesture. I really need your help. Titles of Works (Books, Movies, TV Shows): Description: Italicize the titles of books, movies, TV shows, and other major works. Examples: We watched The Godfather last night. To Kill a Mockingbird is a classic novel. The TV series Stranger Things is popular. Foreign Words or Phrases: Description: Italicize foreign words or phrases that are not commonly used in English. Examples: The French word for "friend" is ami. In Italian, ciao means both "hello" and "goodbye." He ordered the croissant for breakfast. Scientific Names: Description: Italicize scientific names of species in biology. Examples: Canis lupus is the scientific name for the gray wolf. The monarch butterfly is known as Danaus plexippus. Humans are classified as Homo sapiens. In-Text Citations (Scholarly Writing): Description: Italicize titles of journals, books, or other complete works in scholarly writing. Examples: According to a study in the Journal of Psychology... The book The Art of War explores strategic principles. The article "Climate Change Impact" is a key reference. Introducing New Terms or Concepts: Description: Use italics when introducing a new term or concept for clarity. Examples: The term cognitive dissonance refers to... In chemistry, oxidation is the loss of electrons. He discussed the concept of zeitgeist in his presentation. Names of Ships and Aircraft: Description: Italicize the names of ships and aircraft. Examples: The Titanic sank in 1912. The aircraft carrier USS Nimitz is part of the fleet. The HMS Endeavour explored the Pacific Ocean. Poetry and Play Titles: Description: Italicize the titles of poems and plays. Examples: The poem The Road Not Taken is well-known. Shakespeare's play Macbeth is a tragedy. She recited The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe. Capitalization Capitalization is the use of capital (uppercase) and lowercase letters in writing. It involves using uppercase letters for the first letter of a sentence and proper nouns while using lowercase letters for general words and the remaining letters. Capitalization serves several purposes, including indicating the beginning of a sentence, highlighting proper nouns, and adhering to grammatical conventions. Here are some key aspects of capitalization: Here are 20 rules of CAPITALIZATION with descriptions and three examples for each rule: Sentence Start: Description: Capitalize the first letter of the first word in a sentence. Examples: The sun is shining brightly. Yesterday, I went to the beach. In the evening, we'll have a barbecue. Proper Nouns: Description: Capitalize the first letter of proper nouns, which are specific names of people, places, and things. Examples: We visited Central Park in New York. Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world. Her favorite author is J.K. Rowling. Names of People: Description: Capitalize the first letter of each word in a person's name. Examples: John Smith is our new neighbor. Alice Johnson is a talented musician. Professor Lisa Carter teaches biology. Names of Places: Description: Capitalize the first letter of each word in the name of a specific place. Examples: We traveled to Golden Gate Park in San Francisco. The Louvre Museum in Paris is famous for its art collection. The White House is located in Washington, D.C. Names of Countries: Description: Capitalize the first letter of each word in the name of a country. Examples: Canada is known for its beautiful landscapes. Australia is a continent and a country. We visited South Africa last summer. Titles of Books, Movies, and Works of Art: Description: Capitalize the first letter of each major word in titles. Examples: I enjoyed reading The Great Gatsby. Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope is a classic movie. Mona Lisa is a famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci. Days of the Week: Description: Capitalize the names of days of the week. Examples: We have a meeting on Monday. Wednesday is the middle of the workweek. We are planning a trip for Saturday. Months of the Year: Description: Capitalize the names of months. Examples: My birthday is in June. We'll start the project in September. December is a festive month. Holidays: Description: Capitalize the names of holidays. Examples: We celebrate Christmas with family. Independence Day is on July 4th. Easter is a spring holiday. Titles and Headings: Description: Capitalize the major words in titles and headings. Examples: The Importance of Education in Society. Effective Communication Skills for Success. A Guide to Healthy Living. Abbreviations and Acronyms: Description: Capitalize all the letters in abbreviations and acronyms. Examples: NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) USA (United States of America) FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) Brand Names: Description: Capitalize the names of specific brands. Examples: Coca-Cola is a popular beverage. Nike is known for its athletic products. I love using Apple products. Historical Events: Description: Capitalize the names of historical events. Examples: The Renaissance had a significant impact on art. The Great Depression affected many lives. We studied The American Revolution in history class. Personifications: Description: Capitalize words representing a personification or embodiment. Examples: Wisdom guided Her through challenges. Mother Nature is unpredictable. We personify time as Father Time. Major Words in a Quotation: Description: Capitalize major words in a quotation if it's a complete sentence. Examples: He said, "Life is about Learning and Growing." The motto is, "In Unity and Strength, we find success." "To be or not to be, that is the Question." Important Words in a List: Description: Capitalize important words in a list. Examples: The recipe requires flour, sugar, and Eggs. The checklist includes paper, pens, and a Notebook. He bought a shirt, tie, and Shoes for the event. Religious Texts and Deities: Description: Capitalize the names of religious texts, figures, and deities. Examples: The Bible is a central text in Christianity. Allah is the Arabic word for God in Islam. Hinduism has many sacred scriptures. Legal Documents and Terms: Description: Capitalize words in legal documents and terms. Examples: The document is a Power of Attorney. The case involves issues of Negligence. We need to sign a Lease Agreement. Course Names and Subjects: Description: Capitalize the names of courses and academic subjects. Examples: I'm taking a course in Computer Science. The seminar covers topics in Environmental Studies. She majored in Psychology. Geographic Regions: Description: Capitalize the names of geographic regions. Examples: The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert. We traveled through The Rocky Mountains. The Arctic Circle experiences extreme cold. Punctuation and Capitali zation Worksheets Worksheet- 1.1 identify and correct any errors in punctuation and capitalization. Each sentence may contain one or more mistakes. yesterday, i visited the museum of natural history. have you read the novel to kill a mockingbird? our next meeting is scheduled for monday, may 15th, at 2:30 pm. the eiffel tower in paris, france is a famous landmark. i can't believe it's already december! the conference will take place in room a-103 on the first floor. did you see the film, the shawshank redemption? we need to buy milk, eggs, and bread from the grocery store. the weather forecast predicts rain tomorrow, so bring an umbrella. the united nations headquarters is located in new york city. jessica, my friend, is a talented musician. our company's annual report is due on january 31st. can you please pass the salt and pepper? the dog's collar is red, and the cat's collar is blue. on saturdays, we usually go hiking in the mountains. my father, john, is an architect. the class of 2023 is organizing a charity event. he asked, "what time is the meeting tomorrow?" the experiment will be conducted on monday and tuesday. sheila and tom, our neighbors, are moving to california. have you seen the new movie, black panther? the presentation is on artificial intelligence, and it starts at 3 pm. the grand canyon is located in arizona, usa. the group will meet at the park on wednesday at 10:00 am. the book "the catcher in the rye" was written by j.d. salinger. do you remember the summer of '69? the ceo, mrs. anderson, will give a speech at the conference. our flight to london is on monday, june 20th. the great wall of china is an ancient wonder. the professor asked, "did everyone understand the assignment?" my brother and sister will join us for dinner on sunday. the american civil war took place from 1861 to 1865. i can't wait to see the exhibit at the smithsonian museum. the new restaurant, "taste of italy," opens next week. january and february are the coldest months of the year. the company's headquarters is in downtown chicago. the play "hamlet" by william shakespeare is a tragedy. we're going to celebrate new year's eve at the beach. the president of the united states lives in the white house. the three main colors of the flag are red, white, and blue. my favorite season is autumn because of the colorful leaves. the meeting is on monday, march 10th, at 9:00 am. the train to boston departs at 3:45 pm from platform 5. our team, the dolphins, won the championship last year. have you visited the louvre museum in paris, france? the company's website is www.example.com . "where are you going?" she asked. the course "introduction to psychology" starts on september 1st. the software engineer, dr. liu, specializes in artificial intelligence. we'll be attending the conference in london, england, next month. Answer Yesterday, I visited the Museum of Natural History. Have you read the novel To Kill a Mockingbird? Our next meeting is scheduled for Monday, May 15th, at 2:30 pm. The Eiffel Tower in Paris, France, is a famous landmark. I can't believe it's already December! The conference will take place in Room A-103 on the first floor. Did you see the film, The Shawshank Redemption? We need to buy milk, eggs, and bread from the grocery store. The weather forecast predicts rain tomorrow, so bring an umbrella. The United Nations Headquarters is located in New York City. Jessica, my friend, is a talented musician. Our company's annual report is due on January 31st. Can you please pass the salt and pepper? The dog's collar is red, and the cat's collar is blue. On Saturdays, we usually go hiking in the mountains. My father, John, is an architect. The class of 2023 is organizing a charity event. He asked, "What time is the meeting tomorrow?" The experiment will be conducted on Monday and Tuesday. Sheila and Tom, our neighbors, are moving to California. Have you seen the new movie, Black Panther? The presentation is on artificial intelligence, and it starts at 3 pm. The Grand Canyon is located in Arizona, USA. The group will meet at the park on Wednesday at 10:00 am. The book "The Catcher in the Rye" was written by J.D. Salinger. Do you remember the summer of '69? The CEO, Mrs. Anderson, will give a speech at the conference. Our flight to London is on Monday, June 20th. The Great Wall of China is an ancient wonder. The professor asked, "Did everyone understand the assignment?" My brother and sister will join us for dinner on Sunday. The American Civil War took place from 1861 to 1865. I can't wait to see the exhibit at the Smithsonian Museum. The new restaurant, "Taste of Italy," opens next week. January and February are the coldest months of the year. The company's headquarters is in downtown Chicago. The play "Hamlet" by William Shakespeare is a tragedy. We're going to celebrate New Year's Eve at the beach. The President of the United States lives in the White House. The three main colors of the flag are red, white, and blue. My favorite season is autumn because of the colorful leaves. The meeting is on Monday, March 10th, at 9:00 am. The train to Boston departs at 3:45 pm from Platform 5. Our team, the Dolphins, won the championship last year. Have you visited the Louvre Museum in Paris, France? The company's website is www.example.com . "Where are you going?" she asked. The course "Introduction to Psychology" starts on September 1st. The software engineer, Dr. Liu, specializes in artificial intelligence. We'll be attending the conference in London, England, next month. Worksheet- 1.2 Identify and correct any errors in punctuation and capitalization. Each sentence may contain one or more mistakes. the first question is, what is your favorite hobby. in my opinion, climate change is a significant global issue. i visited the museum of modern art in london, it was amazing. many people believe that technology has both positive and negative impacts. the capital city of canada is ottawa. she asked, "how do you feel about online education?" my dream vacation is to explore the ancient ruins of machu picchu. the interview is scheduled for tuesday, june 5th at 2 pm. we need to discuss the upcoming project during the meeting. in conclusion, i believe that renewable energy is crucial for the future. my sister, jenny, is studying economics at harvard university. the traffic in big cities can be very challenging during rush hours. i read an interesting article about artificial intelligence yesterday. it's essential to have a balanced diet and regular exercise. the population of china is over 1.4 billion people. the advantages of studying abroad outweigh the disadvantages. the festival will take place in the park on saturday, july 15th. the global economy has been affected by the recent pandemic. have you ever traveled to a country with a different culture? the government should invest more in public transportation. the essay should be submitted by friday, may 31st, at the latest. he explained, "learning a second language is beneficial for cognitive development." the amazon rainforest is home to a diverse range of plant and animal species. the impact of social media on society is a widely debated topic. my parents, who are both doctors, work at the local hospital. the cost of living in urban areas is generally higher than in rural areas. "what are the main challenges of urbanization?" the professor asked. my favorite genre of music is classical, particularly mozart and beethoven. the unemployment rate has risen due to the economic downturn. she is planning to pursue a master's degree in environmental science. in my experience, studying abroad enhances cultural awareness. the benefits of exercise extend beyond physical health to mental well-being. the technology industry plays a crucial role in shaping the future. "where do you see yourself in five years?" the interviewer inquired. she enjoys hiking, camping, and bird watching in her free time. the government needs to address issues related to air pollution urgently. my favorite childhood memory is going on road trips with my family. the cultural diversity in large cities is a unique aspect of urban life. the teacher emphasized the importance of effective communication skills. the results of the experiment will be presented at the conference next month. the company's goal is to promote sustainability in all its operations. i believe that education should be accessible to everyone, regardless of their socio-economic background. the impact of social media on interpersonal relationships is a topic of ongoing research. "why do you want to study in the uk?" the admissions officer asked. the invention of the internet has revolutionized the way we communicate. my favorite novel is "pride and prejudice" by jane austen. the government should implement stricter regulations to address environmental pollution. the concept of artificial intelligence has been explored in various science fiction movies. the diversity of wildlife in the amazon rainforest is under threat due to deforestation. the importance of soft skills, such as teamwork and communication, cannot be overstated in the workplace. Answer The first question is, "What is your favorite hobby?" In my opinion, climate change is a significant global issue. I visited the Museum of Modern Art in London; it was amazing. Many people believe that technology has both positive and negative impacts. The capital city of Canada is Ottawa. She asked, "How do you feel about online education?" My dream vacation is to explore the ancient ruins of Machu Picchu. The interview is scheduled for Tuesday, June 5th, at 2 pm. We need to discuss the upcoming project during the meeting. In conclusion, I believe that renewable energy is crucial for the future. My sister, Jenny, is studying economics at Harvard University. The traffic in big cities can be very challenging during rush hours. I read an interesting article about artificial intelligence yesterday. It's essential to have a balanced diet and regular exercise. The population of China is over 1.4 billion people. The advantages of studying abroad outweigh the disadvantages. The festival will take place in the park on Saturday, July 15th. The global economy has been affected by the recent pandemic. Have you ever traveled to a country with a different culture? The government should invest more in public transportation. The essay should be submitted by Friday, May 31st, at the latest. He explained, "Learning a second language is beneficial for cognitive development." The Amazon Rainforest is home to a diverse range of plant and animal species. The impact of social media on society is a widely debated topic. My parents, who are both doctors, work at the local hospital. The cost of living in urban areas is generally higher than in rural areas. "What are the main challenges of urbanization?" the professor asked. My favorite genre of music is classical, particularly Mozart and Beethoven. The unemployment rate has risen due to the economic downturn. She is planning to pursue a master's degree in environmental science. In my experience, studying abroad enhances cultural awareness. The benefits of exercise extend beyond physical health to mental well-being. The technology industry plays a crucial role in shaping the future. "Where do you see yourself in five years?" the interviewer inquired. She enjoys hiking, camping, and bird-watching in her free time. The government needs to address issues related to air pollution urgently. My favorite childhood memory is going on road trips with my family. The cultural diversity in large cities is a unique aspect of urban life. The teacher emphasized the importance of effective communication skills. The results of the experiment will be presented at the conference next month. The company's goal is to promote sustainability in all its operations. I believe that education should be accessible to everyone, regardless of their socio-economic background. The impact of social media on interpersonal relationships is a topic of ongoing research. "Why do you want to study in the UK?" the admissions officer asked. The invention of the internet has revolutionized the way we communicate. My favorite novel is "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen. The government should implement stricter regulations to address environmental pollution. The concept of artificial intelligence has been explored in various science fiction movies. The diversity of wildlife in the Amazon Rainforest is under threat due to deforestation. The importance of soft skills, such as teamwork and communication, cannot be overstated in the workplace. Punctuation and Capitalization Worksheet-2.1 Question: Rewrite using capital letters and punctuation marks. 1. fill in the form please 2. bangladesh was liberated on december 16 1971 3. in the evening my mother watches tv 4. how can I help ms sufia 5. yes i think youre right 6. hallow how are you 7. did you play in the rain sabera 8. mita cut the rope with the scissors please 9. its so beautiful im so happy 10. she works standing all the time and serves the customers 11. she often gets tired after work but she does not mind 12. she meets new people everyday 13. she finds her job interesting 14. aladin said bring us some food 15. the children say eidmubarak to each other 16. nahid sir says if you want to learn English you should speak english 17. be careful razu dont drop the picture 18. adnan reached home and shouted mother mother come out with a light 19. meanwhile the bell rings 20. after i give you the testpaper look at it carefully 21. don’t look at anyone elses paper 22. so jamila doesn’t have to wait at the same time everyday 23. whats your complaint sabera 24. she teaches us English 25. yes I mailed it ms huq 26. did you send the letter 27. be careful raju 28. my grandfather is sixty five 29. after some time the man woke up 30. yes teacher the cuckoo 31. can you name a seasonal bird bina 32. hands on clocks and gloves and shoes 33. the cap-seller could not believe his eyes 34. what did the doctor say 35. yes of course lets go 36. in the afternoon she generally goes there by rickshaw or baby taxi 37. she doesnt like to wait at the midday heat 38. is anything serious doctor 39. not really she has a cold and a fever 40. would you give me shahids phone number please 41. look the sky is cloudy. 42. oh yes but shamim hasn’t come yet 43. but its already late its 8 oclock now 44. a lion has mane but a lioness hasn’t 45. when do we use a hyphen teacher 46. what would you like to have lima on your birthday 47. its main crops are rice jute sugarcane and tea 48.the annual sports of our school is on saturday january 10 49. i will take my scholarship examination on december 15 2009 50. helal was born on january 21 1979 in jessore 51. well i think its going to rain today 52. so aladin said please sir pull me up first 53. esha started crying for her father oh I want to see my father 54. ms shiny did you send the letter to the doctor 55. thank you shormy for your help 56. please akash hold this picture for me 57. our classteachers name is mr harun 58. ms fatema babu has prepared many things for eid 59. well its fun when it rains 60. but we have to stay indoor 61. come lets think of something we can do 62. you see ive invented a new game 63. words like yes no or well are called introductory words when they begin a sentence 64. when we say an introductory word we usually pause slightly 65. in writing this slight pause is shown with a comma 66. the royal bengal tiger lives in the sundarbans 67. the sundarbans rangamati and cox’s bazar are very attractive 68. the main rivers are the padma the meghna the jamuna and the karnaphuli 69. she called lima by name 70. its a dash teacher 71. so one day mr hafizuddin takes him to dhanmondi 72. rima do you know this bird in the picture 73. were fine thank you 74. how are you teacher 75. anyway i miss you all very much 76. im sorry dear you shouldnt eat anything today 77. im going to new market 78. hello im fine thank you 79. is anything serious doctor 80. not really she has a cold and fever 81. on other days she works in the second shift 82. she could understand her students curiosity 83. right very good 84. now we will talk about some common birds of bangladesh 85. which of them do you think is the most common tashik 86. think its the crow 87. whats this short line called 88. i love homemade cake 89. kazal was writing a story about a handsome person 90. i think i would like to have a bird that talks 91. she called her mimi 92. she liked to be near lima 93. no he isnt he is bangladeshi 94. shihabs sister nafisa has fasted for 20 days 95. shihab and nafisas favourite dish is firni 96. shihabs father mr sajjad hossain is going to eidgah too 97. so he tried to forget the idea of an imaginary ghost 98. she said dear what happened to you 99. today is eid day 100. today is friday Punctuation and Capitalization Worksheet-3.1 Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text. 1. father goes to office at 7 a m everyday he gets up one hour earlier he spends this one hour for preparation father remains at the office for the whole day 2. the quran is our holy book every muslim should know how to read the quran this book is our guide and teacher if we follow this book we must shine in life 3. mother starts cooking in the morning and finishes it by 9 a m i go to school at 10 a m mother wants to be sure so that i never become late in school i am happy that i never become late in school 4. brother bought a new car last month i like to travel by a car it is only the rich who can buy a car the price of a car is going up day by day 5. he reads in class 8 his school stands by the side of a river the headmaster of his school is a very kind person he never punishes students 6. man is mortal death must come at the right time we cannot avoid death death is the end of life 7. the rich are not always happy on the other hand the poor are not always unhappy we should not hate the poor a poor man may be an honest man but a rich man may be a dishonest man 8. the park is beautiful but dirty everybody likes to go there it is a new park we should keep it clean 9. the chairman of our union parishad is an honest man he leads a very simple life everyday he hoes out to meet the people become people become happy when they het him among them 10. he will come after sometime he always comes here to play with us he is fond of playing cricket whenever he gets time, he watches cricket on television 11. when do you go to school when does your class start when do you come back from school when do you do your homework 12. i get up early in the morning then i walk for an hour walking is my regular exercise exercise is very useful to everybody 13. the sun rises in the east and sets in the west we get light from the sun the sun is many times larger than the earth it looks round in shape 14. an honest man always speaks the truth people respect him for his honesty a dishonest man always tells a lie we should try to be honest. 15. mother told me a story the story was interesting i listened to the story attentively but i forgot everything now i am trying to remember the story 16. he never goes to school he is an idiot he never passes any examination teachers do not like him 17. he goes to the riverside every evening he walks there for half an hour he takes much interest in walking by the riverside an evening walk by the riverside is useful for health 18. he said that he would come again he always does whatever he tells he never breaks his promise a gentleman always does so 19. he was not present in the class yesterday he often does so but it was not the case before once upon a time he was very irregular in going to the class we should tell him to stop this bad practice 20. mr khan is a learned person he comes of a gentle family he joined our school two months ago he is very popular with the students and also teaches well 21. all children should go to school parents should advise them to go to school children are the future of our country we should be proud of our children 22. one day i went to market with my father father bought a lot of items i became very happy as i did not go to market before i remember the day till now 23. the color of the mangoes is red these mangoes are very sweet and juicy we have many mango trees around our house the mango is a seasonal fruit but it is not our national fruit 24. he glass is full of water no animal can live without water water has no color or taste as we cannot live without water we should keep it safe for drinking 25. it does not rain much during the winter season so the winter season appears to be a dry season people suffer from different cold-related diseases in this season i like this season more than any other season Punctuation and Capitalization Worksheet-3.2 Re-write using capital letters and punctuation marks. 1. there is a grocery on the first floor bookshops are on the second and third floors there are banks on the fourth fifth and sixth floors there are libraries on the seventh eights and ninth floors 2. my mothers name is mrs ayesha khanam she is 55 years old she is an ssc she teaches in a primary school in barisal after school hours she works at home 3. oneday mr hafizuddin came home early from the office he said to shihab today ill take you to see the mohakhali flyover on his way to mohakhali shihab was thinking what a flyover could be 4. ashif come to our house after prayer all of us will have food together says mrs fatema banu thank you ill come and eat with you after that we will go to the eid fair says ashif 5. nobody could tell the time because the long and the small hands are not at the same place mrs. asma haque smiles and says dont worry students look at the following clocks and tell the time 6. the cap seller was surprised he looked for the caps then he heard some sound above his head he looked up he could not believe his eyes the monkeys were wearing the caps 7. jamila always goes to work by bus in the morning the bus stops just outside the store in the afternoon she generally goes there by rickshaw or baby taxi she doesn’t like to wait at the bus stop in the midday heat. Punctuation and Capitalization Worksheet-4.0 SSC Examination-2020 all board Question 1. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text.[Rajshahi Board-2020] arent you going to have any said i no i never eat asparagus i know there are people who dont like them the fact is that you ruin your palate by all the meat you eat she said. 2. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text. [Sylhet Board-2020] the teacher said to the girl do you think that honesty is the best policy yes sir i think so said the girl then learn to be honest from your childhood thank you sir said the girl may allah to bless you said the teacher 3. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text. [Barishal Board-2020] do not worry about a few mistakes said the teacher you can learn a lot through your mistakes do we learn from our mistakes asked the boy. 4. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text. [Chattogram Board-2020] how is your father bilkis said mr rahman he is very well thank you bilkis replied i am glad to hear that he is in good health said mr rahman 5. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text. [Dinajpur Board-2020] hello old lady what are you doing said the princess i am spinning a yarn around the spindle replied the old woman 6. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text. [Mymensingh Board-2020] would you please tell me one reason of air pollution yes the smoke from our household activities vehicles factories etc is mainly causing air pollution SSC Examination-2019 all board Question 7. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Dhaka Board-2019] have you heard the name of alexander asked mr ahmed no sir razu replied how strange it is said he will you tell me about alexander please well he was the great king of macedonia 8. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Rajshahi Board-2019] go to bed now mother said you can complete your assignment in the morning no mom ill finish it now 9. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Cumilla Board-2019] why ard you late always try to attend the class regularly yes sir the student said to the teacher 10. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Jashore Board-2019] zaman can you tell me what i am teaching the teacher asked im sorry sir i can't follow replied zaman you can't because you are not attentive the teacher said 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Barishal Board-2019] don't you have any relative here to stay with no sir so i need a transfer certificate to be admitted there 12. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary: [Chattogram Board-2019] do you know me yes i know you from my childhood whats your name my name is sumon thank you a lot said mr jamal 13. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Dinajpur Board-2019] stop you are eating all our bread shouted the two rats I M not doing My best but I have told you. that its difficult said the monkey give us that little Piece said the rats this is My Piece havent I laboured a lot for you replied the Monkey how foolish we are believing you said the two rats SSC Examination-2018 all board Question 14. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text. [SSC Exam-2018] whats your programme after the examination asked ratul nabil said i havent yet decided can you suggest any lets go on a picnic said ratul what an excellent idea SSC Examination-2017 all board Question 15. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Dhaka Board-2017] in a certain school a student, once found a one hundred taka note in the play ground he took it to his teacher what shall i do with it asked the teacher 16. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Rajshahi Board-2017] the teacher said to me dont you like to practise english its an important subject and you should be more careful about it 17. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text.[Cumilla Board-2017] how daring you are to wake me up the lion roared i shall kill you for that please let me go the mouse cried i did not mean to wake you up 18. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text. [Jashore Board-2017] my sons listen to me said rahman an old farmer a great treasure lies hidden in the land there i am going to leave it for you the sons asked how shall we find it 19. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text. [Sylhet Board-2017] why don't you attend classes regularly the teacher said to the boy you cannot expect good résult unless you attend classes be regular in class. 20. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Barisal Board-2017] oh my lord please dont kill the child said the first woman to the king solomon let her have it king solomon said to them now everything is clear to me pointing the first woman he said to the servant give her the child she is the mother of the baby. 21. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Chattogram Board-2017] thomas alva edison a great scientist was born in 1847 in ohio america as a little boy he was very inquisitive he always wanted to know how things were done very early in life he showed that he was full of curiosity a quality which is so important to inventors. 22. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Dinajpur Board-2017] why are you putting up the food in your pocket why don't you eat asked the noble man i am doing the right thing replied sheikh saadi SSC Examination-2016 all board Question 23. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Dhaka Board-2016] the lion roared how dare you wake me up ill kill you the mouse cried please let me go i didn't mean to wake you up 24. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Rajshahi Board-2016; Sylhet Board-2019] who are jolly those who have. sound health are jolly sound mind lies in sound body minds become jolly when our life is filled with pleasure. 25. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the text below: [Cumilla Board-2016; Jashore Board-2020] my dear mother your letter is just to hand it seems to me that you are anxious for me why you need not think about me 26. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Jashore Board-2016] give me a few grains of corns i am dying of hunger said the grasshopper but what did you do in the summer didn't you store any grain the ant remarked to i was too busy in singing. 27. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Sylhet Board-2016] are you ill he said coldly no i said then why are you sitting when all others are working go out at once and give them a hand 28. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Barishal Board-2016] i was born in a village near tangail a small river flows beside the village the villagers bathe in the river and catch fish how happy they are what they want is peace 29. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Chattogram Board-2016] did people use stamps in those days asked rafiq yes answered mr jamal the first stamps were used in 1840 are they easy to get now asked rafiq they are very difficult to get his uncle replied 30. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Dinajpur Board-2016] after supper when I began to set out lucy trembled in fear and said alfred dear are you quite sure that the letter really came from your chief I laughed told her not to be afraid and hurried out of the room and walked down the street. SSC Examination-2015 all board Question 31. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text.[Dhaka Board-2015] the man said to me where are you going i am going to school said i did you go to school yesterday no i replied why didn't you go i was very busy said i 32. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text:[Rajshahi Board-2015] the teacher said to the boy where are you going now i am going to school said the boy did you go to school yesterday no the boy replied why did you not go i was suffering from fever said the boy 33. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Cumilla Board-2015] robert bruce the king of scotland was defeated at a war and failed to regain his country's freedom several times naturally he was in a very dejected mood sitting in his hide out he lost himself in deep thought. 34. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text:[Jashore Board-2015] the king said what harm did I do then that you should seek to take my life with your own hand you killed my father and my two brothers the young man replied. 35. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Sylhet Board-2015; Dhaka Board-2020] why are you going to barisal said father i want to buy some important books said saad do you need money yes father don't go alone as time is not going well. 36. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Barisal Board-2015] once my mother said to me who came to you my friend Rafiq mom she asked what did he want i said his mother is ill he needs some money i have given him five hundred taka my mother said wonderful. 37. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: [Chattogram Board-2015] bangladesh is a small country with a population of about sixteen crores she can hardly make headway so we should work hard to keep pace with the rest of the world 38. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text:[Dinajpur Board-2015; Cumilla Board-2020] is there anybody here who has ever crossed a river by a boat i have teacher i clearly remember what happened in that journey said Jamal. Punctuation and Capitalization Worksheet-4.1 Rewrite the following passage using capitalization and punctuation 1. my friend said to me why are you sitting alone in your room at this hour dont you see that the sky has cleared let us go for a walk in the open field 2. what are you whispering about said the eldest of the sisters mistress said the porter rising to his feet my friends desire to know the history of the two black bitches and why you whipped them and kissed them 3. kamal dont be so silly he will come soon told anis we need not wait for him he failed his words replied kamal 4. why dont you attend classes regularly the teacher said to the boy you can not expect good results unless you attend classes as i tell you 5. arent you going to attend your english class neville shahmima asked no im going to the library to borrow books oh then youre going to borrow during class hours she said 6. he said to me i am very sorry to trouble you but i shall be much obliged if you will kindly lend me your dictionary I am very glad to be of service to you and you are welcome to any of my books that you think of use to you 7. the headmaster said to the boy why are you late today you should attend school in time remember punctuality is essential in every walk of life I think you will not be late on any other day go to your class i wish your success may god bless you 8. zaman can you tell me what i am teaching the teacher asked im sorry sir i cant follow replied zaman you cant because you are not attentive the teacher said 9. 1 have just one word to say to you said the dealer either make your purchase or walk out of my shop thank you said the customer i am leaving your shop 10. kamal said to rana where did you go yesterday i went to your house but did not find you anyway how are you I am keeping fine said rana what about you why did you come was there any urgent piece of business 11. the old man said can you give me some food ive been starving for two days the maid said why do you beg cant you work 12. i came to dhaka this morning I sent you a telegram before starting from home he said did you receive it in time he asked no I replied 13. i have one word to say to you said the dealer either make your purchase or walk out of my shop thank you said the customer i am leaving your shop 14. are you hungry friends said the shrewd king ill be your leader and take you to the granaries where the selfish rich store the golden grains Punctuation and Capitalization Worksheet-5.0 HSC Examination-2019 all board question questions 1. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. [Dhaka Board-2019] Student: Excuse me sir I want to discuss with you some grammatical problems. Teacher: What class are you in Student: Sir I am in class XI, I am a newly admitted student here. Teacher: Okay tell me your problems Student: I want to understand the difference between a phrase and a clause. Teacher: Don’t worry. Ill help you understand the difference. 2. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts.[Rajshahi Board-2019] You’ve cut off your hair, asked Jim, laboriously as if he had not arrived at that patent fact yet even after the hardest mental labour. Cut it off and sold it, said Della. Don’t you like me just as well, anyhow Im me without my hair ain’t I Jim looked about the room curiously. You say your hair is gone he said with an air almost of idiocy. 3. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts.[Cumilla Board-2019] Sajid: Hurrah weve won the match. Sifat: What match Sajid Sajid: The football match between your school. team and our school team. Sifat: Oh my Almighty! How did it happen? Sajid: We won by 3 goals to one (1); Sifat: I thought our team was better than yours. Sajid: The result shows who is better. Sifat: Anyway, well do better next year. Sajid: Best of luck sifat. 4. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts.[Jashore Board-2019] Jerry: I can chop some wood today. Writer: But Ive a boy coming from the orphanage. Jerry: Im the boy Writer: You But youre very small in size. Jerry: Size doesn’t matter chopping wood. Some of the big boys don’t chop well. Ive been chopping wood for a long time Writer: Very well theres the axe. Go ahead see what you can do 5. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts.[Sylhet Board-2019] The traveller said to the peasant “Can you tell me the way to the nearest inn” The peasant said “Yes I can Do you want one in which you can spend the night” The traveller said, “I don’t wish to stay there I only want a meal” Follow me and I will take you to a nice one. 6. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. [Chattogram Board-2019] Student: Excuse me sir. May i come in? Teacher: yes come in. Student: Thank you sir. Teacher: What can i do for you. Student: Would you kindly make me clear about the use, of this punctuation mark. Teacher: Didnt you attend my class yesterday? Student: No sir. i did not come. 7. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. [Barishal Board-2019] Mosharrof Hossain Khan Chowdhury University College, Brahmanpara, Cumilla-2017 While I was going to market yesterday I met a boy begging in the street. On being asked to tell the reason for begging the boy with a sad mind and tearful eyes said oh sir I have a sad tale to tell you would you please hear my story. Yes, I would love to I said to him. Instead of telling the story, the boy simply began to cry. 8. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts.[Dinajpur Board-2019] Hasan: Can you tell me a little about Dhaka Hasib: Sure what would you like to know Hasan: Well whats a good time to visit there? Hasib: I think you can visit in winter. Hasan: Good and what should I see there Hasib: Well you can visit Sonargaon Folk Art Museum and you can see the handicrafts. But you must not leave Dhaka without visiting the Lalbagh Fort. Hasan: Anything else. Hasib: Oh yes if you have time you may visit Ahsan Manjil. You could have an excellent experience of Mughal and British architecture. HSC Examination-2018 all board question questions 9. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. [Combined Board Exam Kh Set-18] One day while going to college I met an old man who had nothing of his own having seen me he began to cry but could not as he was too weak to cry feeling a great pity for him I wanted to know about him what led him to this miserable condition so I started asking him questions. 10. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. [Combined Board Exam Kha Set-18] Bindu: do you read a newspaper regularly Hema. Hema: Yes I do. What about you. Bindu: To tell you frankly I do not read a newspaper regularly. Hema: Why you get enough time. Bindu: I do but I do not like it. Moreover I think it is a wastage of time. Hema: Strange why do you think so. HSC Examination-2017 all board question questions 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. [Dhaka Board-2017] Abid: We are about to finish our H.S.C examination Are you thinking about your future Hasib: Yes, what about you Abid: I want to pursue higher education what are your plans Hasib: I rather follow some vocational courses to make my career Abid: Really have you thought of any particular vocation Hasib: Yes, I would like to join the Fashion Design course This career has a prospect these days Abia: Is it suitable for boys Hasib: Why not Boys are as good as girls in many professions now- days Whats your future plan Abid: I would like to go for teaching Hasib: It’s a good profession for a studious boy like you 12. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. [Rajshahi Board-2017] “I’m not in the least hungry,” my guest sighed “but if you insist I don’t mind having some asparagus.” I ordered them. “Aren’t you going to have any” “No I never eat asparagus.” “I know there are people who don’t like them. The fact is you ruin your palate by all the meat you eat.” “Coffee” I said “Yes, just an ice cream and coffee” she answered. 13. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts.[Cumilla Board-2017; Dinajpur Board-2016] how is your father rana said mr karim he is very well thank you replied rana i am glad to hear that he is in good health said mr karim. 14. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts.[Jashore Board-2017; Sylhet Board-2016] Tourist: How old is the edifice guide Guide: Madame its a 15th century edifice Tourist: What a wonderful edifice it is Guide. It was built by Akbar the then emperor of India. Tourist: Oh! I see Guide: Madame we should move now. The sun is about to set. It would be dark soon. Tourist: Isnt the place safe? Guide: It is. But the security does not allow anybody after sunset. 15. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. [Chattogram Board-2017] Son: Did you keep a diary during the liberation war Father: Yes I did. Son: Can I have a look at it? Father: I’m afraid, Ive lost it. Son: Can you remember anything about it Father: Yes, I remember one event there were lots of sounds and bangs outside one night. You wanted to look out but we didn’t let you. Son: Why Father: Because it was very dangerous. You were only four years old then Son: I can’t remember anything. Father: Its natural. No one can remember all from early childhood. 16. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts.[Sylhet Board-2017] Entering the study my elder brother looked around and burst out in disgust. How dirty you have made the room! Why do you use it if you cant keep it tidy I said, i am extremely sorry I have been a nuisance in future youll never see the room in such a bad condition I promise. 17. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts.[Barishal Board-2017] Myself: Good morning Rana. How are you? Rana: I am so so and you Myself: I am. well. But why aren’t you completely well. Rana: In every examination I’m cutting a sorry figure. Myself: Whats the reason? Dont you utilize your time properly? Rana: I spend most of the time in watching TV. Myself: Recreation is necessary. But spending too much time on this has no good side. Rana: I don’t feel bored in watching TV. Myself: But as a student, you should study more and more. Rana: Thank you for your good advice. Myself: Welcome. 18. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts.[Dinajpur Board-2017] Aryan: Do you read a newspaper regularly Farhan Farhan: Yes I do. What’s about you Aryan: To tell you frankly I do not read a newspaper regularly. Farhan: Why you get enough time during the break in the college. Aryan: Yes I do get but I do not like. Moreover I think it is a wastage of time. Farhan: Remember newspaper is called the ‘storehouse’ of knowledge. The more you will read a newspaper the more you will learn. Aryan: Then, from today, I will start reading a newspaper Farhan: Yes, that’s like a good friend. HSC Examination-2016 all board question questions 19. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. [Dhaka Board-2016] A: Whats solar energy? B: Its one of the renewable energy sources. A: Why is it called green energy? B: Well its green energy because it helps us keep the earth green I mean it doesn’t emit any pollutant in the atmosphere when we produce and use it. A: I see then it must be a clean source of energy. B: Exactly. And that’s why its also called clean energy. 20. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts.[Rajshahi Board-2016] Husband: Cant you cook food properly Wife: I cook food properly the problem is with you. Husband: Really these foods are crap they taste pathetic. Wife: I spend time in the kitchen from morning till afternoon. I work hard. I take care of two children at home. What do you do? Husband: I work hard and earn money that you spend lavishly. Wife: How dare you say that. Husband: Well that is the truth 21. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts.[Cumilla Board-2016] Arif: Hello How are you Zakia? Zakia: Fine. What about you de motor Arif: Well I was a bit sick. Zakia: Really What happened stomach Arif: Stomach upset. I had outside food. It troubles my stomach. Zakia: That’s why I always try to avoid outside food they are unhygienic. Arif: I’m not going to have it anymore. Zakia: Anyway, you take care bye. Arif: Bye. 22. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts.[Jashore Board-2016] Nazmul: Excuse me where is the nearest hospital Arafat: Its about 2 kilometres from here. You will have to hire a taxi You can also go by bus Nazmul: I see Is there a bus station near here Arafat: Yes there is a bus stop at the corner. Nazmul: Thank you. Arafat: Dont mention it 23. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. [Chattogram Board-2016] “Good Morning where are you going” said the merchant. I was just coming to see you said the youth. “What do you want” “Please help me to earn my bread by the labour of my hands. “Do you really want work!” said the merchant. yes if you have any.” “Then follow me and carry the box from the shop to my house.” “By Allah I’m really grateful to you.” said the youth. 24. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. [Barishal Board-2016] Student: May I come in Sir? Principal: Yes come in Student: Good morning Sir Principal: Good morning how can I help you Student: Sir we would like to arrange a study tour Principal: It’s a great idea Ill appreciate it Submit an application to me so that I can take a step in favour of you. Student: Ok Sir. We will write an application on behalf of the students Principal: Ok, see you Student: Thank you very much, Sir Principal: You are most welcome Punctuation Worksheet-5.1 1. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Student : May I come in sir? Principal : Yes come in. What is your problem? Student : I want to change my 4th subject sir. Principal : Why? Student : Sir mathematics is now my 4th subject but it seems to me very difficult. So I want to take biology instead of mathematics. Principal : Do you think biology is an easy subject? Student : Not easy, sir but easier than mathematics. Principal : Ok write an application. Remember your application must be endorsed by your father/ guardian otherwise it will not be accepted. 2. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Student : May I come in, sir. Teacher : Yes, Whats your problem my boy? Student : Thank you sir, I would like to develop my command over English. Please give me some instructions. Teacher : Ok Now listen English is a skill based subject. You should develop the four skills of listening reading writing and speaking. Student : How can I develop the four skills sir? Teacher : You should talk to your friends in English, Moreover you should read English books and newspapers. Besides, you should watch English movie and news on TV and radio and above all, you should write your thoughts in English. Student : Thank you, sir. 3. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. I never eat anything for luncheon she said Oh don't say that I answered generously. "I never eat more than one thing I think people eat far too much nowadays A little fish perhaps. I wonder if they have any salmon." 4. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Lady Guest : You see you've filled your stomach with a lot of meat. Therefore you can't eat any more? Writer : I took a Mutton chop. Lady Gues : Follow my example! Writer : Ill do better than that don't be tensed? Lady Guest: Humorist you're quite a humorist. 5. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. "Mina, have you done your English lesson today?" asked the teacher. "Yes sir" she replied. "But I havent understood one grammatical point." "Come to my room 111 help you," said the teacher. Thank you sir she smilingly said. 6. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Abid : have you heard the latest news Hasan : No whats happened Abid : Well it seems Tamal and Topu have broken off their friendship. Hasan : Really its not at all surprising. Abid : Why do you think so? Hasan : Tamal was very selfish. They were bound to break off today or tomorrow! Abid : Yes the sooner the better. Hasan : But Topu is a good boy. Hes a pretty tough character. 7. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Aryan : Do you read newspaper regularly Farhan Farhan : Yes I do. What's about you Aryan : To tell you frankly I do not read newspaper regularly. Farhan : Why you get enough time during the break in the college, Aryan : Yes I do get but I do not like. Moreover I think it is a wastage of time. Farhan : Remember newspaper is called the 'storehouse' of knowledge. The more you will read newspaper the more you will learn Aryan : Then, from today, I will start reading newspaper Farhan : Yes, that's like a good friend. 8. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. A : Whats solar energy? B : Its one of the renewable energy sources. A : Why is it called green energy? B : Well its green energy because it helps us keep the earth green I mean it doesn't emit any pollutant in the atmosphere when we produce and use it. A : I see then it must be a clean source of energy. B : Exactly. And that's why its also called clean energy. 9. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Husband : Cant you cook food properly Wife : I cook food properly the problem is with you. Husband : Really these foods are crap they taste pathetic. Wife : I spend time in the kitchen from morning till afternoon. I work hard. I take care of two children at home. What do you do? Husband : I work hard and earn money that you spend lavishly. Wife : How dare you say that. Husband : Well that is the truth 10. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Nazmul : Excuse me where is the nearest hospital Arafat : Its about 2 kilometers from here. You will have to hire a taxi You can also go by bus Nazmul : I see Is there a bus station near here Arafat : Yes there is a bus stop at the corner Nazmul : Thank you. Arafat : Dont mention it 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Arif : Hello How are you Zakia? Zakia : Fine. What about you Arif : Well I was a bit sick. Zakia : Really What happened Arif : Stomach upset. I had outside food. It troubles my stomach. Zakia : That’s why I always try to avoid outside food they are unhygienic Arif : I'm not going to have it anymore. Zakia : Anyway, you take care bye. 12. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. "Good Morning where are you going" said the merchant. I was just coming to see you said the youth. "What do you want" "Please help me to earn my bread by the labour of my hands. "Do you really want work!" said the merchant. yes if you have any." 'Then follow me and carry the box from the shop to my house." "By Allah I’m really grateful to you." said the youth. 13. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Student : May I come in Sir? Principal : Yes come in Student : Good morning Sir Principal : Good morning how can I help you Student : Sir we would like to arrange a study Principal : It’s a great idea III appreciate it Submit an application to me so that I can take step in favour of you. Student : Ok Sir. We will write an application on behalf of the students Principal : Ok, see you Student : Thank you very much. Sir Principal : You are most welcome 14. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. "Whats your dream? Do you have any dream" asked Zayed Robi said tenderly "Yes I have a dream. My dream is a full plate of rice. "Come with me" said Zayed holding his hand "I’m going to materialize your dream." Ans: "What’s your dream? Do you have any dream? asked Zayed. Robi said tenderly, "Yes, I have a dream. My dream is a full plate of rice." "Come with me" said Zayed holding his hand "I’m going to materialize your dream." 15. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Marie : You're really fit Paul. Do you exercise very much? Paul : Well I almost always get up early and I lift weight for an hour. Marie : You're kidding Paul : No. And then go swimming. Marie : Wow How often do you exercise like that? Paul : About five times a week. What about you? Marie : Oh I hardly ever exercise. I usually just watch TV in my free time. Often my mom says marie darling, dont be a couch potato. 16. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Student : What is meant by deforestation sir? Teacher : Being a student of class XII you do not know this Student : No sir my conception is not clear Teacher : OK, what is your conception? Student : If we go on cutting down our trees a day will come when there will be no trees left this is called deforestation. Teacher : Well done, you are correct. Your conception is absolutely clear I see. 17. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Mom : Have you taken your breakfast Rafi : No mom. Mom : Oh You’re really annoying. Why don’t you just take it? Rafi : I don’t want to eat Roti with vegetables mom. I want fried chicken with oyster sauce and chicken sausage. Mom : Having junk food is not good for your health. Have you seen yourself in the mirror? Youre being a couch potato. Rafi : Really I think I have to stop eating fast foods. Well I’ve just decided to stop eating them but from tomorrow onwards now can I have them, please. 18. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. The old sailor said I am save because I have shown true love for all living things sometimes I feel 1 must teach the lesson that 1 learnt” what is the lesson" the guest The old sailor said He Prayeth best who loveth best all things both great and small 19. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Teacher : Why didnt you come to school yesterday. Student : I was ill sir Teacher : What happened to you Student : Its flu sir Now Im Ok Teacher : See a doctor. Stay well Teacher : Bye, sir Student : Bye. 20. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Della : Jim darling Don’t look at me that way. Jim : You've cut off your hair Della : Cut it off and sold it Jim : I can't believe it Della : Don't you like me just as well, anyhow I'm me without my hair, aren't I? Jim : You say your hair is gone Della : You needn't look for it, it's sold, I tell you sold and gone, too. Jim : Are you Sane Della : Jim, be good to me, for it went for you. May be the hairs of my head were numbered, but nobody could ever count my love for you. Jim : I know it darling Della : My hair grows so fast, Jim Punctuation Worksheet-5.2 1. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Student : Sir, what is common Noun Tutor : A noun denoting a class of objects is called common Noun. Examples of the common noun are man, cow, car, book, tea etc. Student : Oh it's a very easy thing. Now I understand thank you sir. Tutor : No problem by the way have you done your Bangla home work Student : Yes sir here it is. 2. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Jerry : I can chop some wood today. Writer : But I have a boy coming from the orphanage. Jerry : Im the boy. Writer : You But youre small. Jerry : Size doesnt matter chopping wood . Some of the big boys don't chop good. Ive been chopping wood at the orphanage a long time. 3. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Meem : your HSC result Poma : GPA 5. Meem : WoW That's wonderful. You really deserve it, friend. Poma : Thanks. What about you. Meem : GPA 4.75, I got poor grades in English and Mathematics. Poma : Never mind. Do well next time. Meem : Anyway are you trying your luck at Dhaka University? Poma : Yes and you Meem : will my poor GPA allow me to sit for the Dhaka University admission test I don't think so 4. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Where are you from? said the teacher I am from Nepal said the student how did you find Dhaka when you first arrived," said the teacher, "Well I like it. I think the city is very beautiful." said the student. 5. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. He said I can chop some wood today. I said but I have a boy coming from the orphanage I am the boy But you are small size doesn't matter chopping wood he said some of the big-boys do notchop wood well I've been chopping wood at the orphanage for a long time. 6. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Writer : Would you like to have some coffee Lady guest: Yes just an ice-cream and coffee. You Writer : Ill have coffee. Lady guest: You know there is one thing I thoroughly believe in. I say one always get up from a meal feeling one could eat a little more. Writer : Are you still hungry Lady guest : Oh, no I’m not hungry, you see. I don’t eat luncheon. I have a cup of coffee in the morning and dinner, but I never eat more than one thing for luncheon. I was speaking for you. Writer : Oh I see. 7. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Kamal : Ive lost my watch. Have you seen it anywhere. Nirob : No, but if I find it I'll tell you. Kamal : It's a gift from my father. It's been so important for me! Nirob : When did you lose it. Kamal : Most probably during the off-period. Nirob : Does it have a leather strap? Kamal : Oh, yes, Have you seen it. Nirob : I haven't seen it. But I heard karim saying something about a watch with a leather strap. Kamal : Whats his room number? Nirob : Most probably 203. Go to the first floor of the main hostel. It’s on the right side of the stairs. Kamal : Thank you so much, dear. Nirob : Youre welcome Kanfal : Best of luck. 8. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Student : How are you madam? Teacher : I am fine. And you. Student : I am fine too. Where are you going now? Teacher : To my relatives house at New Market adjacent to TT College. Student : May I help you. Madam in any way? Teacher : No thanks well where are you going? Student : I am also going around that area to Elephant Road. Teacher : Then no problem get into my car I will drop you. Student : Thank you madam. Teacher : No mention. 9. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Sima : Good evening Boby Boby : Hi Sima Good evening. Sima : Tomorrows my birthday. We have a small party at home, please join us. Boby : What is the time of your party Sima : Six in the evening. Im inviting only a few friends. So please come. Boby : Of course Ill will come. Thank you for inviting me. Sima : Thank you. 10. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Rana : sir may I come in. Teacher : do have you learnt lesson Rana : no sir Teacher : Wha ts your problem Rana : i was sick last night. Teacher : have you taken medicine rana Rana : yes sir Teacher : Take your seat my boy? 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Rats : Stop Stop! Monkey : Why? Why should I stop? Rats : Stop! Youre eating all our bread. Monkey : Well Im trying my level best to divide the bread equally. Rats : No you are not. Youre just eating it! Monkey : It's difficult. I’ve told youat the beginning haven't I? Rats : Yes you have. Monkey : I've also told you that it'll cost you a lot. Rats : We should not have believed you. How foolish we are! 12. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Father : You're really strong my son. Could you break this bundle of sticks. Son : Well it s a very simple job I'll do it within a second! Father : Have a try Son : Sure Oh I'm quite wrong. Its stronger than I expected. Father : Okay now try this single stick. See what you can do. Son : Pass it to me and just hear the sound! Father : I know it'll be easy for you. Have you learnt anything from these sticks. Son : Learning from sticks. Father : Yes the bundle of sticks is stronger than the single stick. It teaches us the wise saying, United we stand divided we fall. 13. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Stranger : May I come in, sir. Mayor : Yes of course. Stranger : Id like to help you get rid of these rats. Mayor : Really. Stranger : Within an hour but itll cost you one thousand gold coins. Mayor : Id love to spend more than that only if you could free us from the rats. Stranger : I dont need more than that. Mayor : Its a deal. Start your work. Stranger : Make arrangement for my payment. Mayor : Well be ready before you finish. Stranger : Oh, that's great. 14. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. The writer said to the lady guest are you still hungry oh no Im not hungry replied the lady guest I don’t eat more than one thing for luncheon I have a cup of coffee in the morning and then dinner but I never eat more than one thing for luncheon I was speaking for you. 15. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. One day while going to college I met an old man who had nothing of his own having seen me he began to cry but could not as he was too weak to cry feeling a great pity for him I wanted to know about him what led him to this miserable condition so I started asking him questions. 16. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Bindu : do you read newspaper regularly Hema Hema : Yes I do. What about you Bindu : To tell you frankly I do not read newspaper regularly. Hema : Why? You get enough time. Bindu : 1 do but I do not like. Moreover I think it is a wastage of time. Hema : Strange why do you think so. 17. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Abid : We are about to finish our H.S.C examination Are you thinking about your future. Hasib : Yes, what about you Abid : I want to pursue higher education what are your plans Hasib : I rather follow some vocational courses to make my career Abid : Really have you thought of any particular vocation Hasib : Yes, I would like to join the Fashion Design course This career has a prospect these days Abid : Is it suitable for boys Hasib : Why not Boys are as good as girls in many professions now-a-days Whats your future plan Abid : I would like to go for teaching Hasib : It's a good profession for a studious boy like you 18. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. "I'm not in the least hungry," my guest sighed "but if you insist I don't mind having some asparagus." I ordered them. "Aren't you going to have any" "No I never eat asparagus." "I know there are people who don't like them. The fact is you ruin your palate by all the meat you eat.” "Coffee" I said "Yes, just an ice-cream and coffee" she answered. 19. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Tourist : How old is the edifice guide Guide : Madame its a 15th century edifice Tourist : What a wonderful edifice it is Guide : It was built by Akbar the then emperor of India. Tourist : Oh! 1 see Guide : Madame we should move now. The sun is about to set. It would be dark soon. Tourist : Isnt the place safe? Guide : It is. But the security does not allow anybody after sunset. 20. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. how is your father rana said mr karim he is very well thank you replied rana i am glad to hear that he is in good health said mr karim 21. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Son : Did you keep a diary during the liberation war Father : Yes I did. Son : Can I have a look at it? Father : I'm afraid, Ive lost it. Son : Can you remember anything about it Father : Yes, I remember one event there were lots of sounds and bangs outside one night. You wanted to look out but we didn't let you. Son : Why Father : Because it was very dangerous. You were only four years old then Son : I can't remember anything. Father : Its natural. No one can remember all from early childhood 22. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Entering the study my elder brother looked around and burst out in disgust. How dirty you have made the room! Why do you use it if you cant keep it tidy I said, i am extremely sorry I have been a nuisance in future youll never see the room in such a bad condition I promise 23. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following texts. Myself : Good morning Rana. How are you? Rana : I am so so and you Myself : I am well. But why aren’t you completely well. Rana : In every examination I'm cutting a sorry figure. Myself : Whats the reason? Dont you utilize your time properly? Rana : I spend most of the time in watching TV. Myself : Recreation is necessary. But spending too much time on this has no good side. Rana : I don't feel bored in watching TV. Myself : But as a student, you should study more and more. Rana : Thank you for your good advice. Myself : Welcome. Punctuation Worksheet-6.0 Colon, Semi-colon, Dash, Parentheses, Pair of Commas Insert Colon, Semi-colon, Dash, Parentheses, Pair of Commas in the following sentences where necessary. A raw new development begins on the other side of my mother's meadow which she has not been able to mow this fall since her injuries prevent her from getting up on the tractor. As far as travel through the United States I've visited Seattle Washington Portland Oregon and San Francisco California. Barry wanted to know why I didn't respond to his text I hadn't received it. Besides the bookcase in the living room which was always called 'the library' there were the encyclopedia tables and dictionary stand under windows in our dining room. Betty who is still on the ferry will arrive before 4 o'clock. Bianca was excited about getting a new caruntil she suddenly realized how much it was going to cost her. Claire helped Jamie see his fate "You're never going to win the Battle of Culloden." Cynthiathe neighbor you met at the Fourth of July party last yearis going to babysit for us next weekend. Dad is going bald his hair is getting thinner and thinner. Dash Examples Diana Gabaldon says this prayer before writing "Help me see what I need to see." Did you leave your bag red black handles in the classroom? Eugene Meyer who was thirty-two years old had been in business for himself for only a few years but had already made several million dollars. Every journalist has a novel in him which is an excellent place for it. Historian Russell Lynes Fiona said “I was going to take the train to come see you but”“Nonsense” David replied. “We’ll come get you.” Florida Georgia South Carolina and Tennessee these are all the states we’ll be driving through on our vacation. Flour sugar baking powder baking soda we need to buy all of these ingredients if we’re going to make cookies today. For a balloon to float it must be filled with helium which is lighter than the air around it. He cares for no one he is the epitome of selfish. He wanted to see three cities in Italy Rome Florence and Venice Here are three states that begin with M Michigan Mississippi and Maine. Humans are the only animals that have children on purpose with the exception of guppies who like to eat theirs. I always try to pack light for vacation however I always seem to need an extra bag for all of my shoes and books. I bought a lot of meat at the store bacon turkey chicken and tuna. I had a huge meal however I am already hungry again. I have finished the main course now I have to make dessert. I have lived in Atlanta GA Charleston SC and Tallahassee FL. I have several favorite genres of movies drama science fiction and mystery. I just want you to remember two can play at that game. I know you don't like broccoli nevertheless it is very good for you. I like bacon eggs and cheese but not all together on a sandwich. I love Outlander "Both Sides Now" is my favorite episode. I was going to pick up dinner on the way home unless you’d rather wait to eat. I went to London with John Baker who lives next door. I will be there as soon as I finish working that is a promise I will definitely keep. If you bring your sunglasses sunscreen and a towel we can go to the beach. Irene the woman wearing the blue dress and brimmed hat is my great-aunt. It was raining the game was cancelled. Let's go to the library there are 15 different books I'd like to take out. Let's go to Woof Gang Bakery they sell the yummiest dog treats. Machu Picchuan ancient city known for its famous ruins high altitude and mountainous terrainis located in Peru. Maria although she comes from Spain hates paella. Marie 8 years-old is a little girl who goes to school with my brother. Marie made a 100 on the quiz Lois made a 95. Michelle drives a Jaguar Sonya drives a Porsche. Mom wants the chores completed moreover she wants them done properly. Mrs. Morris preaches this concept "Second place is first loser." Ms. Newmar who lives next door claims to be a Martian. My family is getting a new dog from the shelter we are going to name him Barney. Never forget this point think before you speak. Of all the chili sauces I’ve tried and I’ve tried a lot this is my favorite. Please pack my anthologies on short stories poetry and Shakespearean plays my biographies on Jackie Kennedy Charles Stuart and Queen Elizabeth and my historical romance novels by Nora Roberts Jude Devereux and Diana Gabaldon. Sam whispered to his friend “I don’t think we’re supposed to be in this building after” “Be quiet” Miles interrupted. “I hear someone coming.” Shadow puppetry an art form in which the audience views the shadows of puppets through a translucent screen is popular in parts of Asia. She calls it the bathroom I call it the loo. She didn't see the other car coming now her car has a huge dent. She had a pretty gift for quotation which is a serviceable substitute for wit. She had self-defense training consequently she warded off the assailant. She moved to Ireland she preferred the tranquil setting over America. She went to great lengths to emphasize this "Kindness never fades." Some people who I won’t name wouldn’t like this. Star Trek was my favorite television show during the 1960s in fact it is my favorite television show of all time. The address for the letter is PO Box 37 Martin NY 30065. The biggest issue as you will see is where we will store all the extra components. The dog trainer gave us this instruction "Love your dog and she will love you." The groups of siblings who will be coming to camp include John and Anne Jeff Lisa and Tommy and Mark and Jonas. The holidays in Spain of which there are many are mostly religious. The main character in the movie said "Play hard. Work harder." The town reminded me of my childhood vacations both were on the beach. The United States which presents itself as a global beacon of opportunity and prosperity is quickly becoming a low-wage nation . The University of Georgia UGA is where my mom went to school. The world is a stage play your role well. There are two choices at this time run away or fight. There is mounting evidence of global warming of course some people will never believe it. This house has everything I need two bedrooms a backyard and a garage. This is a Remington typewriter all the keys are intact. This is in my opinion the most important issue. This was first said by Shakespeare "To thine own self be true." We had a little accident puddle mud on the way here and had to change our clothes. We had too many fumbles we lost the game. We knew who would win the game the Eagles You can come pick me up now I am feeling much better. You can order a sandwich with bacon egg and cheese ham egg tomato and cheese or tomato lettuce and avocado. You can talk about anything if you go about it the right way which is never malicious. You need new brakes otherwise you may not be able to stop in time. You should stop eating so much food you will have to go on a diet. Punctuation Worksheet-6.1 Punctuate the following sentences I did three things at the store I ate a sample of fruit I had an encounter with an old friend finally I ran into my boss If I ever go to bed after midnight I usually wake up with a headache the next morning but I didnt this morning She said that she was only looking for one thing at her new job money! Most likely it will rain in the evening and we will have to cancel our plans for the trip the next day I think however the day may turn out to be nice because the weatherman said it will be sunny all weekend If I told you that I was a policeman would you respect me differently? i bought some milk tea a big container of flour and some bread although he really does not know his job they will keep him on board until the summer is over The professor quoted several things in his lecture first the Civil War was an economic one second he indicated that the migration forced the South to take a different approach to its economics and most importantly the outcome was a higher expanse of trade in the North Now I know you are a little leery of meeting new people but I want you to try and open up because we love you If I were a woman I think I would be just like me I dont want any candy and he doesnt want any either I cant have any coffee nor can I have tea after dinner He went to his mothers house then he went to the house He is to put it lightly a very rude person The man was according to the police a loner who had had a fight with the stores owner before closing time The girl the sister the mother and the boyfriend all were injured in the plane accident but thank God no one was killed Because he was my friend I did not say anything however I will say something next time because that behavior is totally unacceptable Since I was the fastest of the group the coach made me run more study harder material and clean his car every week I left early but if I want to get there in time I will have to hurry even more I talked with the man then I turned to the professor but Ill never carry on at least try not to two conversations at once again I came early so I could get a good seat When I was a kid i use to fly a kite weekly I wouldve found the keys but I got a call and you know how my mother talks To win the game they cheated every chance they got Today I talked with Robbie ate lunch at the restaurant and went to a movie but believe me Im tired I went to class and studied afterward then I went over to Toms restaurant and I met some of my classmates Slipping on the ice is never fun but unfortunately its a hazard of living in a cold part of the world then again Id rather live here than africa Call me crazy but i think that you should go the man and apologize after all you were in the wrong just as much as him do you think that youll ever have your own apartment i cant live like this anymore you know that youre not the easiest person to get along with i certainly understand when a man loses his desire to go to work but on the other hand i could never buy into the idea of quitting life completely If i were you I would try to fix my car before the cold weather sets in She strolled along the riverbank and eyed the horizon but nevertheless she was still lonely in that she had lost the one and only person she had ever trusted stand straight now raise your left arm If you my one and only friend were in trouble I would do all I could if possible to fix everything but only with you The chief of the department who is also my friend told me three things the day was long today is good and he was tired Bluntly put I couldnt have said it better myself because I am a believer in justice unlike you however you should never talk badly at least around those of us who do believe he said and i quote this is the best team ive ever seen according to the doctor she could live but digest said and this is a quote there is a 90 percent success rate in women 30 to 40 years of age Once i was a young man but i aged as all before me have done If this world were mine i would feed the hungry shelter the homeless and find a way to better life at least i would certainly try To find a good bank takes tenacity skill and a lot of luck one can quit but hell never get what he wants so ask what you need to know Therefore he was stranded moreover he had no money and no friends and he was a long way from home I received many things such as socks pants shirts but I liked to be honest the socks the black ones I saw a good sport namely kickboxing but when i saw a guy get killed i stopped patronizing it altogether My friend plays rugby the other plays nothing and the other sleeps all day Walking along the road he thought of life liberty and his happiness until he was flattened by a gust of wind then he only thought about according to him catching his breath Running the track can be good however it is exhausting especially on days when one is already tired but I digress You know john ive always wanted to be the president of the us but now im too old She did three things she ate out she studied then she retired

Application Writing, Application writing for SSC examination, Email writing for HSC examination, Applications For the Examination written by the students

Nouns Nouns are simply the names we give to everything around us, whether it be a person, an event, a place or an object, etc. Every particular name used to define something is a noun. E.g. : Amsterdam, Anita, Blackberry, Honesty, Waiter, etc. The names given to a group of noun to identify them as a whole are called Collective Nouns. E.g.: pride of lions, gaggle of geese etc. Nouns or pronouns can also modify themselves to show possession of another noun, usually by attaching‘s to the end of the noun. These nouns that show possession are called Possessive Nouns. Sometimes nouns have different forms for different genders, although this practice has been largely abandoned by the people who prefer to use the same noun for both genders. For example - Actor (male) - Actress (female), but people nowadays refer to women who act as female actors rather than actresses. Most nouns can be converted into plural forms by adding ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ at the end of the word. E.g.: box-boxes, cat-cats, echo-echoes , etc. But some nouns require the last consonant to be modified before adding ‘-es’. For e.g.: the ‘Y’ in ‘city’ changes to ‘I’ to form cities, kitty to kitties and ‘f’ to ‘v’ in dwarf to dwarves, wharf to wharves, etc. Some nouns become plurals irregularly by changing the entire word: mouse- mice, ox - oxen, etc. You can learn more about Plurals here: How to make Plurals : Making Plurals-Easy Guide Grammarians have divided nouns into different categories based on their use and purpose. Learning these divisions within the nouns will help in sentence construction and vocabulary. The different types of Nouns are - PROPER NOUNS These nouns are the names of specific people and places. These nouns also refer to the names of the days of weeks and months, and also the various names for religions, organizations, institutions, etc. Proper nouns basically refer to the names that are specific to that particular noun. These nouns are always capitalised as they need to be distinct from other nouns. William Shakespeare was a playwright. - Proper noun that is the name of a specific person. I will be visiting New York next month. - Proper noun that is the name of a specific place. Everyone dislikes Monday mornings. - The names of days are proper nouns. The holy book of Islam is the Koran. - Name of a religion and religious text. COMMON NOUNS These are the nouns that are used to denote a general category of people, places or things. They are capitalized only when they are at the beginning of a sentence. Common Nouns don’t refer to something specific rather they are a general term used for every noun of a particular kind or type. The boys went to play cricket. - Both boys and cricket are common nouns as they can refer to any boy or any cricket match. There is nothing specified by these nouns. This neighbourhood is one of the best in the area. - Here neighbourhood is the common noun as there are innumerable neighbourhoods all over the world. She was trying to answer her phone while buying coffee. - Here we see phone and coffee that both are general indicators of the object and the drink. ABSTRACT NOUNS These nouns are the names of things that we cannot perceive through our five senses of touching, smelling, seeing, hearing and tasting. These nouns can also refer to medical conditions related to the mind and are also used to express thoughts. She screamed with great delight. - Delight is an abstract noun as it tells about the state of a person’s mind and any actual physical thing. His bravery in the war won him a medal. - The abstract noun bravery is used to name the motivation behind certain actions made by people. One should learn to be as independent as possible. – Here, independent describes a state or a way of being, hence it is an abstract noun. COUNTABLE NOUNS The nouns that fall under this category are the ones that have both singular and plural forms. They can be counted either relatively or completely, and form plurals to associate with plural verbs in a sentence. They can also be expressed in numerical terms I need to buy four new suitcases for my trip. - Suitcase (s) is a countable noun as adding ‘s’ to it makes it plural. Does anyone want some oranges? - Here some is being used to count the noun orange(s). She had a pet dog. - Dog is also a countable noun as its plural is dogs. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS These nouns are the exact opposite of Countable Nouns. These nouns are the names of things that cannot be counted and have only a singular form. These nouns use singular verbs in a sentence. The furniture was damaged in moving out. - Furniture is an uncountable noun and therefore, we use the singular ‘was’ in referring to it. Is 250gms of sugar enough? - Here, sugar is an uncountable noun as sugar itself cannot be counted. It can only be weighed. He always answers questions with honesty. - Honesty is an uncountable noun as it has no plural and cannot be counted in physical terms either. List of Nouns, Noun Examples Nouns Exercise 1 Actor Garden Oil Advertisement Gas Orange Afternoon Ghost Oxygen Airport Girl Oyster Ambulance Glass Painting Animal Gold Parrot Answer Grass Pencil Apple Greece Piano Army Guitar Pillow Australia Hair Pizza Balloon Hamburger Planet Banana Helicopter Plastic Battery Helmet Portugal Beach Holiday Potato Beard Honey Queen Bed Horse Quill Belgium Hospital Rain Boy House Rainbow Branch Hydrogen Raincoat Breakfast Ice Refrigerator Brother Insect Restaurant Camera Insurance River Candle Iron Rocket Car Island Room Caravan Jackal Rose Carpet Jelly Russia Cartoon Jewellery Sandwich China Jordan School Church Juice Scooter Crayon Kangaroo Shampoo Crowd King Shoe Daughter Kitchen Soccer Death Kite Spoon Denmark Knife Stone Diamond Lamp Sugar Dinner Lawyer Sweden Disease Leather Teacher Doctor Library Telephone Dog Lighter Television Dream Lion Tent Dress Lizard Thailand Easter Lock Tomato Egg London Toothbrush Eggplant Lunch Traffic Egypt Machine Train Elephant Magazine Truck Energy Magician Uganda Engine Manchester Umbrella England Market Van Evening Match Vase Eye Microphone Vegetable Family Monkey Vulture Finland Morning Wall Fish Motorcycle Whale Flag Nail Window Flower Napkin Wire Football Needle Xylophone Forest Nest Yacht Fountain Nigeria Yak France Night Zebra Furniture Notebook Zoo Garage Ocean Collective Nouns Collective nouns are the name we give to a group of nouns to refer to them as one entity. The most common method of doing this is by using words like group or bunch that can be applicable to most of the nouns in the language today. But there are some specific names given for certain groups of nouns to make things more interesting and funny. Now, these collective nouns are not based in scientific thought or fact. Most of them come from the poetry and imagination of early to late Medieval English times e.g. - an eloquence of lawyers – Eloquence itself is defined as fine persuasion in speaking or writing, so this particular collective noun is a comment on the profession of lawyers while being their collective noun as well. The same goes for the collective nouns we find for animals; the names arose from 15th century French and English hunting traditions, where hunting was common and names and terms were given to all aspects of the sport. These names were called Terms of Venery and it had become a tradition of the court to keep extending the list and by the 1500s the list was up-to 165 items long. Here we have listed some of the more commonly used collective nouns for humans, animals and objects. These collective nouns are commonly used under the category of people. A class of students. An army of soldiers. A choir of singers. A crew of sailors. A band of musicians. A bunch of crooks. A crowd of people/spectators. A gang of thieves. A group of dancers. A team of players. A troupe of artists/dancers. A pack of thieves. A staff of employees. A regiment of soldiers. A tribe of natives. An audience of listeners. A panel of experts. A gang of labourers. A flock of tourists. A board of directors. Collective Nouns Exercise 1 Collective Nouns Exercise 2 The following collective nouns are used for animals. A catch of fish. An army of ants. A flight of birds. A flock of birds. A haul of fish. A flock of sheep. A herd of deer/cattle/elephants/goats/buffaloes. A hive of bees. A litter of cubs. A host of sparrows. A team of horses. A troop of lions. A zoo of wild animals. A pack of wolves. A litter of puppies/kittens. A swarm of bees/ants/rats/flies. A team of horses/ducks/oxen. A murder of crows. A kennel of dogs. A pack of hounds. The following collective nouns are used for things. A group of islands. A galaxy of stars. A wad of notes. A forest of trees. A stack of wood. A fleet of ships. A string of pearls. An album of stamps/autographs/photographs. A hedge of bushes. A library of books. A basket of fruit. A bowl of rice. A pack of cards. A pair of shoes. A bouquet of flowers. A bunch of keys. A chest of drawers. A pack of lies. A range of mountains. A cloud of dust. Collective nouns are endless and these are just a list of those used more often. As you continue to work on improving your English, you will stumble across many more. Be sure to add them to your list and use them as frequently as you can. Using Nouns to Show Possession Possessive nouns are those nouns that show possession. Possessive Nouns are used to show ownership. A noun is possessive only when a phrase can be modified to say that an idea or commodity belongs to something or someone. Possessive nouns are an integral part of learning English, use them as often as you can to gain confidence. In the singular form, the possessive case is formed by adding 's to the noun. The clothes of the girl. The girl’s clothes. The toys of the boy. The boy’s toys. Mary goes to this school. This is Mary’s school. King’s castle, grandfather’s stick, my dog’s bowl and all of the above are formed by adding the 's. Modify the following sentences by using the apostrophe (') to show possession: The king’s servants. The computer’s cover. My phone’s charger. The servants of the king. Cover of the computer. The charger of my phone. For certain words, instead of 's, only ' is used to avoid a hissing noise. Keep this is mind when using possessive nouns. Some examples would be: Boss’ office. Dr.Briuss’ house. For goodness’ sake. There are two rules to follow in case the noun is in plural form. If the noun ends in s then the possessive case is formed by adding the apostrophe E.g. the donkeys’ tail, the boys’ hostel, the cousins’ aunt. If the noun does not end in s then the possessive case is formed by adding 's. E.g. the children’s park, the men’s room. It’s simple as long as you know the plural form of the noun. The plural form of ‘god’ will be ‘gods’ and so the apostrophe will be used after 's' (gods’). In case of nouns like ‘woman’, the plural form is ‘women’ and so the apostrophe followed by 's' will be used (women’s). Add the apostrophe in the following sentences. Our cousins short uncle. (Apostrophe can be before or after 's') Businessmens briefcase. (Businessmen’s) The ladies washroom. (Ladies’) Here are some more examples to show you other possible cases. Alex and Philip’s shop. (Two nouns are used closely and showing joint possession; here, the apostrophe will be used with the second noun) Shakespeare’s and Wordsworth’s works. (Two nouns are used together yet separate possession is implied thus the apostrophe is used with both nouns) Nouns as Adjective Sometimes in the English language, a noun is used to describe another noun; in other words, the first noun performs the function of an adjective. Look at the following examples: Basketball coach – here the noun basketball is being used to describe the noun coach Garment shop – here the noun garment is being used to describe the noun shop Painting exhibition – here the noun painting is being used to describe the noun exhibition In all the above examples, the first noun acts as an adjective. Rules related to Nouns as Adjective 1. The ‘nouns as adjective’ always come first or before the second or main noun. Let’s see a few more examples: A cricket bat A soccer ball A car race A love story 2. In general, like adjectives, nouns being used as adjectives are used in the singular form, although in the case of certain words, like clothes, customs, sports, etc, an exception is made. For example: Bathroom or bathrooms, and not bathsroom or bathsrooms Badminton racket or badminton rackets, and not badmintons racket or badmintons rackets In short, the plural form will always appear on the second noun only. Some nouns are always written or spoken in the plural forms, but we generally treat them as a singular form. For example: A billiards player A news editor Some nouns are always treated in the plural forms when used as an adjective. For example: Sports museum Clothes outlet Accounts manager 3. Multiple nouns can also be used as adjectives. For example: School cricket team coach Motor production cost Child health care research centre 4. We can also use a true adjective before nouns as adjective. For example:: Famous Indian cricket player Cute coffee mug Delectable Chinese cuisine Honest school teacher Increasing air pollution