Transformation Practice - Complex to Simple

Complex to Simple

Basic Rules

✅ 1. Since / As / When

Rule: If a sentence starts with since/as/when and it shows two actions, change the first verb to -ing form to make a simple sentence.

Example:

Complex: When I went to class, I met my friends.

Simple: Going to class, I met my friends.

Extra Rule:

If the subject of the first clause is missing or repeated, then use:

being (for is/are/was/were)

having (for has/have/had)

Example:

Complex: When the meeting was over, all the teachers were going home.

Simple: The meeting being over, all the teachers were going home.

✅ 2. Since / As (Reason clause)

Rule: If the first clause gives a reason, use:

because of / due to / owing to / on account of + possessive + being/having

Example:

Complex: As he was meritorious, he stood first in the competition.

Simple: Because of his being meritorious, he stood first in the competition.

✅ 3. If (Negative condition)

Rule: If a sentence starts with "If" + negative verb, change it to "Without + possessive + verb-ing".

Example:

Complex: If you do not work hard, I cannot help you.

Simple: Without your working hard, I cannot help you.

Also: If subject is not mentioned, use just verb-ing after “Without”.

Complex: If you do not work hard, you will not succeed in life.

Simple: Without working hard, you will not succeed in life.

Unless rule:

Complex: Unless you try heart and soul, you can not cut a good result.

Simple: Without trying heart and soul, you can not cut a good figure in the exam.

✅ 4. If (Affirmative)

Rule: If it's a positive sentence with "If", use "By + verb-ing"

Example:

Complex: If you worked hard, you would shine in life.

Simple: By working hard, you would shine in life.

✅ 5. So that / In order that

Rule: Use to or in order to + base verb

Example:

Complex: He studies hard so that he can make a brilliant result.

Simple: He studies hard in order to make a brilliant result.

✅ 6. So ... that (Negative result)

Rule: Use too + adjective + to + verb

Example:

Complex: He is so weak that he cannot carry the load.

Simple: He is too weak to carry the load.

If object is mentioned: use for + object

Example:

Complex: The box was so heavy that the boy couldn’t lift it.

Simple: The box was too heavy for the boy to lift.

✅ 7. Though / Although

Rule: Use in spite of / despite / notwithstanding + possessive + verb-ing

Example:

Complex: Though he worked hard, he could not succeed.

Simple: In spite of his working hard, he could not succeed.

✅ 8. Relative Pronoun + Base Verb

Rule: Use verb-ing after removing "who/that + verb"

Example:

Complex: The students who work hard become successful.

Simple: The students working hard become successful.

Another example:

Complex: The writer lived in a cabin that belonged to the orphanage.

Simple: The writer lived in a cabin belonging to the orphanage.

✅ 9. Relative Pronoun + Auxiliary Verb + Verb-ing

Rule: Remove "who is/are" and use verb-ing

Example:

Complex: This is the man who is begging from door to door.

Simple: This is the man begging from door to door.

✅ 10. Relative Pronoun + was/were + Past Participle

Rule: Remove relative pronoun and "was/were", use just past participle

Example:

Complex: The bicycle which was imported from India is out of date.

Simple: The bicycle imported from India is out of date.

✅ 11. Relative Pronoun + is/are + adjective

Rule: Use the adjective as part of the noun

Example:

Complex: The boy who is industrious can shine.

Simple: An industrious boy can shine.

✅ 12. When + Time Clause

Rule: Replace "when" clause with at/in/at the time of + noun/gerund

Examples:

Complex: When it was daylight, I was awakened.

Simple: At daylight, I was awakened.

Complex: When it was 1997, I passed the SSC exam.

Simple: In 1997, I passed the SSC exam.

Complex: When he was twelve, he came to school.

Simple: At the age of twelve, he came to school.

Complex: When I was reading, Zahid came to me.

Simple: At the time of my reading, Zahid came to me.

✅ 13. What (Information clause)

Rule: Use the object directly instead of "what"

Example:

Complex: I know what his address is.

Simple: I know his address.

✅ 14. It is sure/certain/sudden that...

Rule: Replace "It is..." with Surely / Suddenly / Certainly + clause

Examples:

Complex: It is sure that he has done it.

Simple: Surely he has done it.

Complex: It was sudden that his mother died.

Simple: Suddenly his mother died.

✅ 15. That clause with be verb + noun/adjective

Rule: Use object form + to be + noun/adjective

Example:

Complex: I know that he is a poet.

Simple: I know him to be a poet.

✅ 16. After / Before / Until / Till

Rule: Use preposition + possessive + gerund/noun

Examples:

Complex: The patient had died before the doctor came.

Simple: The patient had died before the doctor's coming.

Complex: Wait here until I return.

Simple: Wait here until my return.

✅ 17. As if / As though

Rule: Use like + noun

Example:

Complex: He speaks as if he were mad.

Simple: He speaks like a madman.

✅ 18. Such ... that

Rule: Use because of + possessive + noun/gerund

Example:

Complex: He is such a fool that he cannot understand this.

Simple: Because of his foolishness, he cannot understand this.

Complex to Simple

Transform the following complex sentences into simple

1.A man who is physically ill loses all mental ease and comfort.

2.As love is divine, everybody wants love.

3.People who live in plenty do not eat the right kind of food.

4.If your companions do not love you, it is your own fault.

5.You can not find others to love you unless you will also love them.

6. She had none who could look after her.

7. The dacoit not only robbed the poor house owner but also murdered him.

 8. He not only did many construction works but also led people to the path of Islam.

 9. We have to identify the problems that our farmers face.

10. Though it is a blessing, it has dark sides.

11. Though Bangladesh is not a big country, too many people live here.

12.They did not understand why she was so different from the other children of the locality.

 13. It is the duty of the people who are educated to educate the illiterate.

14. There are many things that can be included in the information technology.

15. Since he has no radio, he cannot listen to the weather warning.

16. It is man who is the maker of his own fortune.

 17. Though cricket is a costly game, people of all classes enjoy playing it.

18. At dinner she noticed that Raju as usual had an egg.

19. If we do not cultivate the habit of speaking the truth, we cannot command the confidence of others.

20. When the sun set, they took part from us.

 21. Everybody believes education is the backbone of a nation.

22. A balanced diet is a food that contains something from each of the three main groups of food.

23. Her father couldn't come as he was working overtime.

24. There is a large garden which is in front of the school.

25, If we maintain sincerity, we shall be able to lead a peaceful life.

26. When we are children, the family protects us.

 27. Though cricket is a costly game, people of all classes enjoy playing it.

28. Unemployment is a state when a man has no work to earn money.

 29. The house in which I live is tin shaded.

30. My mother was honest for which she was rewarded.

31. When it is summer, it becomes emaciated.

32. Those who are idle always lag behind.

33. Though the service of a day labourer is very important, he is very much neglected.

34. We should have soft feeling for him so that he can lead a decent life.

35. The minister asked him what his occupation was.

36. Since there was no rain, he was worried.      

37. I am sure that I will pass.

38. A house is the place where we live in.

39. He sold the eggs in the market and became rich.

 40. One night, when he was sleeping, a thief broke into his room.

41. The National Memorial which is situated at Savar is a symbol of the nation's respect.

42. Though he is a good student, he is naughty as well.

43. I saw an old woman, who was crying.

 44. As the paws are cushioned, a big tiger can walk through the driest leaves causing a single crackle.

45. He who is taken by anger causes a lot of dangers.

 46. You cannot receive affection unless you give it also.

Answer: 

Complex to Simple

Transform the following complex sentences into simple

1.       A physically ill man loses all mental ease and comfort

2.      Love being divine, everybody wants love

3.      People living in plenty do not eat the right kind of food

4.       Your companions do not love you because of your own fault.

5.       Without loving others you cannot find them to love you.

6.       She had none to look after her.

7.    Besides  robbing the poor house owner, the dacoit murdered him.

8.    Besides doing many construction works he led people to the path of Islam.

9.       We have to identify the problems of our farmers.

10.   In spite of being blessing , it has dark sides.

11.   In spite of Bangladesh not being a big country, too many people live here.

12.  They did not understand the reason of her being different from the other children of the locality.

13.   It is the duty of the educated people to educate the illiterate

14.   Many things can be included in the information technology.

15.   Having no radio, he cannot listen to the weather warning

16.   Man is the maker of his own fortune.

17.   In spite of being a costly game, cricket is enjoyed playing by people of all classes.

18.   At dinner she noticed Raju having as usual an egg.

19.   Without cultivating the habit of speaking the truth, we cannot command the confidence of others.

20.   At the time of sun set, they took part from us.

21.  Everybody believes education to be backbone of a nation.

22.   A balanced diet contains something from each of the three main groups of food

23.   Because of working overtime, her father could not come.

24.   There is a large garden in front of the school.

25.   By maintaining sincerity we shall be able to lead a peaceful life

26.  During our childhood, the family protects us.

27.   Unemployment is a state of man having no work to earn money.

28.   I live in a tin shaded house.

29.   My mother was rewarded for her honesty.

30.   In summer, it becomes emaciated.

31.   The idle always lag behind.

32.   Despite the service of a day labourer being very important, he is very much neglected.

33.  We should have soft feeling for him to lead a decent life.

34.   The minister asked his occupation.

35.   He was worried because of there being no rain.

36.   Surely I will pass .

37.   We live in a house

38.   By selling eggs in the market, he became rich

39.   One night at the time of his sleep , a thief broke into his room.

40.   The national memorial at Savar is a symbol of the nation’s respect.

41.  In spite of being a good student, he is naughty.

42.  I saw a crying old woman.

43.  Being cushioned pawed , a big tiger can walk through the driest leaves causing a single crackle.

44.  An angry man causes a lot of dangers.

45.  Without giving affection you cannot receive it.