Best Writing Skills for Examination, Improving writing skill How to write better English Writing assessment criteria Your Writing is basically assessed based on four criteria: Task Achievement (TA) = how well you answer the question. ... Coherence and Cohesion (CC) = how well is your text structured. ... Lexical Resource (LR) = how good is your vocabulary. ... Grammatical Range and Accuracy (GRA) = how good is your grammar. Task Response In this criterion, the type of response that you write for the essay type question is determined. It assesses the main idea of your essay and the way you develop it with relative examples. To score better: pay attention to ALL issues in the essay question write about the issues rather than just the general topic answer the essay question with relevant main points plan your supporting points so they don’t go off the topic write required number of words Coherence & Cohesion This writing criterion determines the proper use of linking words, paragraphing skills and use of cohesive devices (for example, connectors, conjunctions) is determined. Also, the number of paragraphs is taken into consideration. Dividing your essay into more or fewer paragraphs might lower your score. To score better: have either four or five paragraphs but not more and not less this means you should have two or three body paragraphs only have just one central topic in each body paragraph organise your ideas logically use a range of linking words avoid errors in linking words Lexical Resource Under this criterion, the use of a sufficient range of vocabulary, proper spellings, correct implementation of collocations, and word formation are taken care of while scoring. You must avoid using wrong words and informal language. To score better: pay attention to collocations paraphrase carefully to avoid errors use a range of words appropriate for the topic spell words correctly avoid making errors avoid using informal language Grammatical Range & Accuracy To score this criterion, things taken into consideration include sentence structures, proper use of tenses, putting right punctuations, use of simple as well as complex statements with clear ideas, and control over Grammar. To score better: use a wide range of grammatical structures pay attention to word order in your sentences use a range of sentence structures use the correct punctuation avoid errors in grammar Key tools to Bring Variety to Your Writing Pre-test on writing tools Pre-test on Writing Tools Answers Opening Adjective Delayed Adjective Opening Adverb Delayed Adverb Absolute Phrase Appositive Phrase Prepositional Phrase Participial Phrase Gerund Phrase Infinitive Phrase Clause Types (Independent, Dependent) Noun Clause Adjective Clause Adverb Clause Subject-Verb Split Mix Opener Mix Closer Mix Examples of Single tools Examples Multiplying the Tools Other Mix Comma Semicolon Colon Dash Review: Colon, Semicolon, Dash Conjunctions to start sentences Inversion Relatives Conditionals Parallel structure The Passive Impersonal Structure Using Models Some points to bring variety in sentence Simple with complex grammar Different sentence length combining Larger and shorter sentences Cleft Sentences Find out which writing tools (above mentioned) are used in the following sentences: 1. Fudge, a portly little man in a long, pinstriped cloak, looked cold and exhausted. 2. At daybreak on a fine summer’s morning, when the Riddle House had still been well kept and impressive, a maid had entered the drawing room to find all three Riddles dead. 3. The first thing they saw was Peeves the Poltergeist, who was floating upside down in mid air and stuffing the nearest keyhole with chewing gum. 4. Hating himself, repulsed by what he was doing, Harry forced the goblet back toward Dumbledore’s mouth and tipped it for Dumbledore to drink the remainder of the horrible potion inside. 5. To make Dudley feel better about eating “rabbit food,” Aunt Petunia had insisted that the whole family follow the same diet, too. 6. Slowly, very slowly, the snake raised its head until its eyes were on a level with Harry’s. 7. He raised the wand above his head and brought it swishing down through the dusty air as a stream of red and gold sparks shot from the end like a firework, throwing dancing spots of light onto the walls. 8. Harry knew that Dumbledore was going to refuse, that he would tell Riddle there would be plenty of time for practical demonstrations at Hogwarts, and that they were currently in a building full of Muggles and must therefore be cautious. 9. The gigantic snake was nearing Frank, and then, incredibly, miraculously, it passed him, following the spitting, hissing noises made by the cold voice beyond the door. 10. Furious, Harry threw his ingredients and his bag into his cauldron and dragged it up to the front of the dungeon to the empty table. 11. Soon, the crowd of gnomes in the field started walking away in a staggering line, their little shoulders hunched. 12. He raised the wand above his head and brought it swishing down through the dusty air as a stream of red and gold sparks shot from the end like a firework, throwing dancing spots of light onto the walls. 13. Conjuring up portable, waterproof fires was a specialty of Hermione’s. 14. Harry was on his feet again, furious, ready to fly at Dumbledore, who had plainly not understood Sirius at all. 15. Soon, the crowd of gnomes in the field started walking away in a staggering line, their little shoulders hunched. 16. Soon, the crowd of gnomes in the field started walking away in a staggering line, their little shoulders hunched, their steps unsteady from too many sips of elderberry wine. 17. Soon, the crowd of gnomes in the field started walking away in a stag- gering line, their little shoulders hunched. 18. Soon, after the revelry to celebrate the coming of the solstice and its magical light ended, the crowd of gnomes in the field started walking away in a staggering line, their little shoulders hunched. Writing Tools Answers appositive phrase prepositional phrase adjective clause participial phrase infinitive phrase opening adverb adverb clause noun clause delayed adverb opening adjective absolute phrase independent clause gerund phrase delayed adjective one absolute phrase multiple absolute phrases one absolute phrase, closer position one absolute phrase, closer position, plus an added adverb clause, opener position. Variety of Sentence Stucture Sentence Openers Some Samples of Writing Transformation Question These days, it seems that an increasing number of people are leaving rural areas to live in the city. Discuss some of the effects of rural depopulation (migration from the country to the city ) and suggest some ways on which this trend could be reversed. Model answer for achieving around 50% marks Rural depopulation is a very important issue in many parts of the world today. In this essay, I will discuss some of the main effects of this problem and also offer some possible solutions to it. Firstly, it is clear that migration away from the country negatively affects life in the city. Serious environmental and social problems often occur when cities become overcrowded. Problems such as air, water and noise pollution are increasing common in urban areas around the world because there are simply too many people living there. Pollution can make city life very uncomfortable indeed and can even cause illness. Beijing is a very good example of this. Overcrowding in cities can also lead high unemployment (especially in poorer parts of the world) and crime. In order to prevent people from moving away from the country and reduce the size of cities, I feel we make country life more attractive. In my view, the best way of doing this would be to improve services in the country. One of the main reasons that so many people have left the country is that facilities like shopping centres, cinemas, swimming pools, restaurants, libraries, schools and hospitals are generally batter in the city. If such facilities were available in the country, more people would choose to live there. Another effective solution would be for the government to subsidies businesses and workers who move the country. In conclusion, I believe we must all recognise how serious this problem is. For the sake of the environment and our own quality of life it is vital that we preserve rural communities. Model answer for achieving 80% marks While country towns were once vibrant and growing places, these days many appear to be dying as people move to the city in search of work and excitement. In this essay, I intend to discuss the impact of this problem as well as how more people could be encouraged to live in the rural areas. Surprisingly, the most serious consequences of rural depopulation are often felt in urban areas. As a result of overcrowding, cities throughout the word today are increasing prone to environment problems like air, water and noise pollution. Beijing is a particularly good example of this. Further, the uncontrolled growth of cities also gives rise to social problems such as high unemployment, crime and in less affluent countries, the creation of slums. Clearly, there is a limit to how many people can live in one area before living standards are negatively influenced. In order to stem the tide of rural depopulation, I believe we must first address its root causes. At the heart of the matter is the disparity between services and facilities in the country and those in the city. I firmly believe that urban and rural dwellers alike would find the idea of country life far more appealing if high quality shopping centres, cinemas, swimming pools, restaurants, libraries, schools and hospitals were more readily available in the country. One further method of attracting people to the country would be for government to provide financial incentives to business and professional workers who willingly relocate to rural areas. In reality, this problem is unlikely to be resolved in the short term. However, it is by no means insurmountable, and I am convinced that more people will choose the country as city life becomes less comfortable and more expensive. Story Writing The Mouse and the New Cat Basic English A mouse lives under the floorboards of an old house. A family moves in. The Mouse is upset to find the family owns a Cat. The Mouse considers moving to a new place. As he does so, the Cat starts speaking to him. The Cat tells the Mouse that he has no interest in him. He says that his owners feed him very well. Catching the Mouse is too much trouble. If the Mouse stays out of trouble, there will be no problems. The Mouse replies very politely. But because he is cautious, the Mouse sneaks under the floorboards and spies on the Cat. He sees the Cat sharpening his claws. The Cat has a deadly look in his eyes. When the Mouse sees this, he packs up his things to leave. The Mouse tells himself that the Cat may say anything, but this sight says a whole lot more. Intermediate English The Mouse and the New Cat There was a mouse who lived under the floorboards of an old house. When a family moved in, the mouse was concerned to learn they owned a Cat. He was considering moving to a new place, when the Cat appeared near his mousehole and started speaking to him. The Cat told the Mouse that he had no interest in trying to catch him. His owners fed him well enough, and he was too old to be chasing a mouse around. If the Mouse would just stay out of trouble, the Cat explained, they would have no problems. The Mouse politely thanked the Cat for his kind words. But because he was cautious, the Mouse snuck under the floorboards in the kitchen to spy on the Cat a little. While he was there, he saw the Cat sharpening his claws with a deadly look in his eyes. As soon as he saw this, the Mouse started packing his things. The Cat might say anything, the Mouse told himself, but what he just saw said a whole lot more. Advanced English The Mouse and the New Cat There once was a Mouse living under the floorboards of an old house. A family moved in, and the Mouse was chagrined to discover they had a Cat with them. The Mouse was mulling over the idea of moving to a new place when the Cat poked his head near the mousehole and started speaking to him. “I can smell you in there, little mouse,” the Cat told him, “and let me assure you I have no interest in you at all. I’m getting on in years, and my owners feed me so well that catching you would be more trouble than you’re worth. Just keep yourself out of the way down there and we’ll get along famously.” “Very well,” the Mouse replied courteously. But the Mouse was a cautious fellow, and he snuck under one of the floorboards in the kitchen where he could spy on the Cat through a little hole that he had made. Sure enough, he found the Cat carefully sharpening his claws with a murderous glint in his eyes. As soon as the Mouse saw this, he started packing his things to leave. “Let him say what he will,” the Mouse said to himself, “but what I just saw said a whole lot more!” Moral: Actions speak louder than words. The Two Hunters Basic English Two hunters are out looking for quail one day. One of them finds one and chases after it. It flies into a thick bush near a pond. He finds a second quail, but it also flies into the bush. He sits by the bush and waits. Sooner or later the birds have to leave their hiding place. An hour later, his friend comes by and finds him waiting there. The friend has a caught bird and shows it to him. The first hunter says he has two birds. He points to the bush and explains he will get the birds when they try to fly out. The friend offers to take a look in the bush. When they do, they do not find any birds. Instead, there is only a space where the two birds used to be. Intermediate English Two hunters were out looking for quail one day. The first hunter found one and chased after it, but it flew into a thick bush by a pond. Then he found a second quail, but it also flew into the bush. He sat by the bush and waited for a while. He thought to himself that sooner or later the birds would leave their hiding place and he could catch them. An hour or so later, the hunter’s friend came by and found him waiting. The friend showed the quail he’d caught and asked how the first hunter was doing. The first hunter said he’d caught two birds. He pointed to the bush and explained how he would catch them when they tried to fly out. The friend suggested they take a look inside to see whether the two birds were still in the bush. But when they did, they found no birds. They only found the place where the birds had hopped through the bush and flown off. Advanced English Two hunters were out trying to bag quail one day. The first hunter found one and chased after it, only to have it fly into a thick bush by a pond. Soon afterward he found a second quail, but it too fled into the bush. He sat by the bush for a while thinking that sooner or later the birds would have to leave, and he’d get them when they did. An hour or so later, the hunter’s friend came by and found him still waiting there for the birds. “I’ve bagged a good one,” the friend said, holding up a plump quail he’d caught, “How about you?” “I’ve got two,” the first hunter said. “Where?” his friend asked, looking around. “Right over there in that bush. I drove them in there a couple hours ago, and it’s just a matter of time before I get them both when they try to get away.” “Oh, you think you’ve got them both, do you?” the friend taunted him. “Let’s take a look.” When they checked the bush, however, they found nothing but a little space in the back where the two quails had long since hopped through the bush and flown away. Moral: A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.

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SSC -2023 Reduced Syllabus SSC Examinaiton-2022 Syllabus, Suggestions and Model Questions on reduced syllabus English 1st Paper Model Question Revised Syllabus for SSC- 2022 To get most important model questions for SSC-2022 click on the following link English 1st Paper Model Questions SSC Examination-2022 English First Paper Suggestion Seen Passage 21st February is a memorable day 21st February has been observed 26 March, our independence day Countries of the world rely Human can neither change May Day or International Workers Day Meherjan lives in a slum on the Mother Teresa Partha Pratim Majumder Steven Paul Jobs Today there are many jobs where you need English Zainul Abedin Pahela Boishakh Paragraph A Book Fair /A Book Fair you have visited recently.1DB-2019 & 2015; SB, DB, BB-2010; BB-2009; CB-2005; Ctg B-2004] A Day Labourer A Railway Station A Rainy Day A rainy season A School Library [CtgB-2019] A School Magazine A Street Accident A Street Hawker A Tea Stall [SB-2019; DB-2015] A Winter Morning [BB-2019 & 2003; DjB-2015; CB-2014; DjB-2014; DB, SB-2009] Climate Change Deforestation [All boards-2018] Early Rising Environment Pollution (air,water)/DB-2019; SB-2016, DB-2019, CB-2016; RB-2016] [DB-2016] Food Adulteration Global Warming Information Technology Load-shedding CtgB-2016; 2002; 2013-2011; BB-2011, 2003; BB-2010; 2008, 2003, 2001; CB, JB, SB-2007; JB-2003 May Day Mobile Phone Our National Flag Price Hike The Life of a Farmer Traffic Jam[JB-2015] Tree Plantation [JB-2019 & 2014; DjB-2016; BB-2016; CtgB-2015; RB-2009,2004; DB2008] Visit to a place of historical interest Your School Library". [CB-2019 & 2015; R13-2014, 2010; .1B-2009; CtgB-2009; SB‑2008] Most Important E-mails A historical place that you have visited/picnic a picnic you have enjoyed.[DB-2019; CB-2010 & 2006; DjB- 2012; SB- 2012; BB-2008; CtgB-2004; CtgB-2004] a street accident about your progress of studies. [CtgB-2019; CB-2015] advising him not to adopt unfair means in the examination. [DB-2003, 2002; BB-2003] advising him not to mix with bad company and be sincere to his study. advising him/her to give up smoking. SB-2015 aim in life. [SB-2014] annual prize giving ceremony of your school. DB-2016; DB-2013; RB-2010; BB-2003; CB-2001; RB-2001] Bangladesh and her people. [CB-2017; SB-2017,2008; BB-2015; DB-2007] benefits of reading newspaper. [CtgB-2016 2013.BB-2013, 2009] co-curricular activities of your school. [DB-2017, 2008] [RB-2019] BB-2017] condolence at her/his father's or Mother’s death. [BB-2012, 2007; CB-2003] congratulating him/her on his/her brilliant success in the exam. CtgB-2015; DjB-2013; RB-2012; CtgB-2010,2007; SB-2009; BB-2011, 2004; RB-2003, 2008, 2012; CB- 2008, 2012] annual sports day of your school. experience during the summer vacation. foods and the food-habits of the people of Bangladesh. (DB-2009; RB-2007; SB-2006; CB-2005] how to improve in English. [DB-2015; .113-2009; SB-2007] importance of physical exercise. [SB-2019; DB-2017; CB-20091 importance of reading newspaper. inviting him to attend the party of your birthday. [DB-2005;113-2012; SB-2003] inviting him/her to join the marriage ceremony of your sister. [CtgB-2014] inviting to join a picnic. [RB-2013; JB-2010] journey that you made. [All Boards-2018] plan after the SSC examination. [CB 2019. 2016, 2014; DjB-2019 & 2009; DB-2019, 2011 & 2006; BB-2019, 2010 & 2006; SB-2016 & 2011, DB-2014 & 2011; RB-2011; CtgB-2008] preparation for the ensuing SSC Examination. [DB-2016, 2011] requesting him/her for staying a few days with you during the summer vacation. [BB-2016) thanking him for the birthday gift. IBB-2017,2014; BB -2017; BB-2010; CB-2002, 2001; CtgB-2001] thanking him for the hospitality shown to you by him and Other members of his family. [BB-2013; CB, CtgB-2011; S13-2010; RB-2009; DB-2006; BB-2002] Most Important Dialogues advantages and disadvantages of village life and city life. DB-2019; DB-2016] aim in life. ID1B-2017] [CB-2014] annual prize giving ceremony of your school. /BB-2019] bad effects of copying in the exam. [BB-2015] bad effects of deforestation. bad effects of smoking. [RB-2017; BB-2016] benefits of early rising. [All Boards-2018; CtgB-2009] borrowing a book from a library. BB-2016 causes and remedies of road accident/ the road accidents and how to prevent it. ID1B-20191 computer club in your school. [CtgB-2015] English language. [1B-2017; BB-2009; CB-2008; SB-2019] Environment pollution. good effects of morning walk [DB-2015] health problems, between you and a doctor BB-2017; CtgR-2008; RB-2008; JB-20071 how to eradicate illiteracy from our country. [CB-2017,2007; BB-2015, 4B-2014.8-2009, SB-2008, CtgB-2007] importance of education in the development of a nation [DB-2017] importance of games and sports in our life. DB-2019) importance of learning computer. DB-2019 & 2016] importance of physical exercise DB-20/9, CB-2015] importance of reading newspaper. [CtgB-2019; CB-2016; RB-2016] importance/necessity of tree plantation. [CtgB-2017; BB-2007 Merits and demerits of mobile phone/Facebook/internet [SB-2017; SB-2015] preparation for the SSC Examination. [CtgB-2016; RB-2015] proper use of time and its benefits. SSC Examination-2022 English Second Paper Suggestion CV with Cover Letter CV with a cover letter for the post of a Computer Operator in a company. [CB-2019; RB-2019; DB-2015; BB-2015] CV with a cover letter for the post assistant teachers/teachers/English teachers. [JB-2019; CtgB-2019 & 2015; CB-2017; DjB-2015; RE-2015; SB-2015] CV with a cover letter for the post for the position of a salesman/junior sales officer in a manufacturing company. [SB-2019; BB-2019; RB-2016] CV with a cover letter for the post of a Medical Representative in a Square Medicine Company. Your CV should not exceed on page. [DjB-2019; BB-2017; CtgB-2016] CV with a cover letter for the post of a computer programmer in a renowned company named "Daffodil Computers". Your CV shouldn't exceed on page. (DB-2019; SB-2017] CV with a cover letter for the post of Accounts Officer will be appointed in the Prime Bank. [All Boards-2018; CB -2015; JB-2015] CV with a cover letter for the post for the post of "A Receptionist" in Medical Centre Hospital, Chattogram. /DB-20/7] CV with a cover letter to the HR Manager for the post for the post of a junior officer' in ABC Bank. MB-2017; SB-2016] CV with a cover letter for the post for the post of a Librarian in a renowned college. [D18-2017 & 2016] CV with a cover letter for the post for the position of an IT Officer position in a mobile company. [JB-2017] CV with a cover letter for the post for the post of an English news caster in a renowned Satellite TV Channel. Your CV should not exceed on page. (CtgB-2017] CV with a cover letter for the post for the post of an " Office Assistant" of Berger Company Ltd. [DB-2016] CV with a cover letter for the post of a Cashier to the GM, Pubali Bank, Dhaka. [CB-2016] CV with a cover letter for the post for the post of Public Relation Officer in an Insurance Company in The Daily Star. SB-2016] CV with a cover letter. for that post for the post of "Lecturer in English" of Bangladesh Cadet Colleges. You want to apply for the post. Now write a CV with a cover letter for the post for a news reporter in the Daily Star. CV with cover letter for the post for the post of Probationary Officer in a reputed bank. CV for the post for the position of Marketing Manager in a renowned mobile phone company. CV/Resume with a cover letter for the post of a journalist in a reputed news agency. Writing Formal Letter Debating Club in your school compound. [CB-2019;113-2019; RB-2017& 2008; B13-2017; CtgB-2016] enhancing library facilities. [CtgB-2017] extra lessons after your regular class. [DJ-B-2019] for a seat in the school hostel. for a testimonial. [RB-2015; DB 2009 & 2001; SB-2008; BB-2007; SB-2005 & 2003] for morning school full free studentship. KtgB-2015; BB-2004] help from the poor fund. [CB-2016 & 2015; RB-2004; 1)13-2003 & 2001; JB-2003, 2001; 513-2001] increasing common room facilities. [JB-2017; SB-2017& 2007; Dj13 2015; BB-2015 &2009;] permission to go on a study tour. [813-2019 & 2015; BB-2019; DjB-2016, RB-2016, DB-20151 relief and medical aid for the flood ( affected people of your area. [DB-2019; SB-2016] setting up a canteen in your school campus. [All Boards-2018; DB-2016, JB-2016, BB-20I6] setting up a common room in your school. setting up a computer club. [CtgB-2019; DB-2017; CB-2017; JB-2015; DjB-2009; JB-2009] setting up a multimedia classroom/ providing multimedia facilities in the classroom. setting up an English language club. to sink at least three tubewells in your village. transfer certificate. [RB-2019]

Tag Questions for Examination Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Basic Rules of Tag Questions Question tag is a question added at the end of a sentence. Speakers use question tags chiefly to make sure their information is correct or to seek argument. They consist of a statement and a tag . A negative tag is used with an affirmative statement whereas a positive tag is used with a negative statement. A. If the statement has “be” as an ordinary verb, we use a form of be in the tag. Tags are always used with pronouns. After positive statements, we use a negative tag. You are from Zaire, aren’t you? Angela is here, isn’t she? Your father was at school, wasn’t he? They were on holiday, weren’t they? It was a super show, wasn’t it? It is a big garden, isn’t it? After negative statements, we use a positive tag. I am not surprised, am I? Tim and Ted aren’t rich, are they? They weren’t at the cinema, were they? That isn’t Ben, is it? You are not a policeman, are you? We aren’t lucky, are we? Mustapha isn’t at home, is he? They are not with us, are they? B. If the statement has a modal, it is repeated in the tag. Kara can go herself, can’t she? You should get up early, shouldn’t you? You wouldn’t do that, would you? We must help them, mustn’t we? C. With the Simple Present Tense we use do / does - don’t / doesn’t? With the Simple Past Tense we use did / didn’t? They like going to the cinema, don’t they? You don’t take sugar in tea, do you? Raffi listens to music, doesn’t he? Alan works at a bank, doesn’t he? You all watched TV during the night, didn’t you? Alicia went to the cinema, didn’t she? He didn’t read the novel, did he? Andrew doesn’t live here, does he? After all tenses, we just put the auxiliary. Maral is coming today, isn’t she? Muhammad is not drinking beer, is he? They were playing football yesterday, weren’t they? Laila and Steve were on the bus, weren’t they? They are going to play football, aren’t they? Note: Remember that ‘s = is or has, and ‘d = had or would Peter’s got a cat, hasn’t he? She’s in the office, isn’t she? D. Question tags with HAVE and DO are often both possible after the noun– auxiliary "have". Note: "do" is preferred in American English. Mr. Farmer has two cars, hasn’t he? Or doesn’t he? She has a nice kitten, hasn’t she? Or doesn’t she? You haven’t a house, have you? Do you? They have a garden, haven’t they? Or don’t they? E. If the statement contains words such as no , no one , nothing , nobody , scarcely , hardly , hardly ever , never , neither , seldom, under no circumstances … etc, it is considered a negative statement and followed by an affirmative tag. Julia hardly ever drinks coke, does she? Nothing will cure his illness, will it? He never acts like a gentleman, does he? She is hardly the right person for the job, is she? It is no good, is it? F. If the subject of the statement is somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, no one, and neither …. We use the pronoun “they” in question tag. Somebody entered the garden, didn’t they? Everybody was upset, weren’t they? Nobody objects to the plan, do they? G. When the subject of the statement is that or this, the pronoun in the tag is "it". The pronoun is "they" for their plural forms these and those. This is an expensive necklace, isn’t it? Those are very naughty children, aren’t they? That wasn’t a big surprise, was it? These weren’t yours, were they? H. When we use a there + be combination in a sentence the pronoun in the tag is again "there". There isn’t a hotel next to the museum, is there? There won’t be any trouble, will there? There is a bus to Atlantic City every hour, isn’t there? There weren’t any children at school, were there? I. Let’s has the tag "shall we?" Let’s go to the cinema, shall we? Let’s have a party, shall we? Let’s drink tea, shall we? Let’s go out for a walk, shall we? J. “Have to” is considered Simple Present and “had to” is considered Simple Past. Your father has to wear glasses, doesn’t he? They don’t have to come early, do they? We had to borrow some money to buy a new house, didn’t we? They didn’t have to read the story book, did they? K. Some introductory phrases such as “I am afraid, I think, I believe, I am sure, I suspect, I suppose , it appears that , it seems that , it looks as if , as far as I remember , as far as I can see … so on “ don’t affect question tags except for the transfer of negation . I suppose you are not serious, are you? I think my mom returned home, didn’t she? I don’t suppose you are serious, are you? I don’t believe you have paid for it yet, have you? I don’t think anyone will volunteer, will they? I hope he won’t object to our plan, will he? It appears that she is enjoying herself, isn’t she? As far as I can see, Wade is the best, isn’t he? Note: For the phrase “you know that “ the question tag is don’t you ? You know that you can do it, don’t you? L. If the subject of the sentence is everything, nothing, something, anything the pronoun in the tag is "it". Everything is ready, isn’t it? Nothing has the end, has it? Anything is possible, isn’t it? M. After positive imperatives, we use will you, won’t you, can you, can’t you, could you …etc .Yet for the negative imperatives we only use “will you? “ Open the door, will you / won’t you, can you, could you …etc Don’t play with your nose, will you? After “I am” the tag is "aren’t". I am your father, aren’t I? I am a bit late, aren’t I? I am a teacher, aren’t I? PS. Negative interrogative question tags without contractions are possible but the word order is different. You killed him, did you not? (This is much less usual form) Advanced Rules Tag Question Exercise With Answer-1 A cat catches a mouse. ——–? Bangladesh is our motherland. ——–? Both are responsible. ——–? Congratulations, you have made an excellent result. . ——–? Don’t forget me.——–? Every mother loves her child. ——–? Everybody loves flower. ——–? He cannot live alone. ——–? He did it. ——–? He has few reasons for waiting. ——–? I know nothing about him. ——–? I think everybody knows it. ——–? It is a beautiful afternoon. ——–? It is man who pollutes his environment. ——–? It is our duty to study in a disciplined way. ——–? Let her solve the matter. ——–? Let us make them realize it. ——–? Let us start our journey. ——–? Let’s arrange a class party. ——–? Let’s go out for a walk. ——–? Let’s motivate them. ——–? Let’s phone. ——–? Let’s take an oath today. ——–? Life is very busy in the big cities. ——–? Look at this paper. ——–? Man is a social being. ——–? Men should not tell a lie.——–? Mina had better to stay at home. ——–? Motivation seldom goes in vain. ——–? My father and I are happy. ——–? Nobody believes a liar. ——–? Nobody should laugh at the blind. ——–? Nothing can satisfy him. ——–? Nothing is impossible. ——–? Rahim as well as his friends was present. ——–? Somebody left there house yesterday. ——–? Something is burning. ——–? Thanks. But my parents and teachers also deserve the credit. ….? That was my pen. ——–? The idle always lag behind. ——–? The moon shines at night. ——–? The police arrested him. ——–? The weather was fine yesterday. ——–? There is nothing for her to eat. ——–? They used to play football in the afternoon. ——–? This is the right way to do it.——–? We have to study English. ——–? We live in Bangladesh. ——–? We needed a change in thoughts. ——–? We ought to love our motherland. ——–? We ought to remain grateful them. ——–? What a beautiful day it is. ——–? You aren’t doing the work. ——–? You had better leave now. ——–? You studied hard. ——–? Answer of Tag questions A cat catches a mouse, doesn’t it? Bangladesh is our motherland, isn’t she? Both are responsible, aren’t they? Congratulations, you have made an excellent result, haven’t you? Don’t forget me, will you? Every mother loves her child, don’t they? Everybody loves flower, don’t they? He cannot live alone, can he? He did it, didn’t he? He has few reasons for waiting, hasn’t he? I know nothing about him, do I? I think everybody knows it, don’t they? It is a beautiful afternoon, isn’t it? It is man, who pollutes his environment, isn’t it? It is our duty to study in a disciplined way, isn’t it? Let her solve the matter, will you? Let us make them realize it, shall we? Let us start our journey, shall we? Let’s arrange a class party, shall we? Let’s go out for a walk, shall we? Let’s motivate them, shall we? Let’s phone, shall we? Let’s take an oath today, shall we? Life is very busy in the big cities, isn’t it? Look at this paper, will you? Man is a social being, isn’t he? Men should not tell a lie, should they? Mina had better to stay at home, hadn’t she? Motivation seldom goes in vain, does it? My father and I are happy, aren’t we? Nobody believes a liar, do they? Nobody should laugh at the blind. Should they? Nothing can satisfy him, can it? Nothing is impossible, is it? Rahim as well as his friends was present, wasn’t he? Somebody left their house yesterday, didn’t they? Something is burning, aren’t they? Thanks. But my parents and teachers also deserve the credit, don’t they? That was my pen, wasn’t it/ that? The idle always lag behind, don’t they? The moon shines at night, isn’t it? The police arrested him, didn’t they? The weather was fine yesterday, wasn’t it? There is nothing for her to eat, is there? They used to play football in the afternoon, didn’t they? This is the right way to do it, isn’t this? We have to study English, haven’t we? We live in Bangladesh, don’t we? We needed a change in thoughts, didn’t we? We ought to love our motherland, oughtn’t we? We ought to remain grateful them, oughtn’t we? What a beautiful day it is, isn’t it? You aren’t doing the work, are you? You had better leave now, hadn’t you? You too studied hard, didn’t you? Tag Question Exercise With Answer-2 A barking dog seldom bites, ............? A boy like you should do this, ............? A boy like you should not do this, ............? A boy like you should not do this, ............? A healthy man can reside only in a healthy body, ............? A lie never lies hidden for long, ............? A widow has lost her child, ............? All that glitters is not gold, ............? All that glitters is not gold, ............? All’s well that ends well, ............? Allah may excuse a sinner, ............? Allah/God only can help us, ............? An ideal student hardly studies, ............? Barking dogs seldom bite, ............? Be dignified, ............? Beacutiful secenary,isn’t it? Both are responsible, ............? Death knows no time, ............? Drone gathers honey, ............? Each of us has our problem, ............? Every action has an equal and opposite reaction, ............? Every action has got an equal and opposite reaction, ............? Everybody desires success, ............? Everybody was present there, ............? Give him an inch, and he will take an ell, ............? Good bye, ............? Good morning, ............? Good morning,isn’t it? Goodbye, ............? Grasp all, lose all, ............? Happy birthday, ............? Harm hatch, harm catch, ............? He is a Messi, ............? He set up a school in his village, ............? He spent few hours with us, ............? He’d finished the work, ............? He’s reading yesterday, ............? His economical policy played a vital role in our economy, ............? How awful,isn’t it? How odd! ............? How time does fly,doesn’t it? I have few friends, ............? I think that he is right, ............? Ill got ill spent, ............? It ‘s hardly rained at all this summer, ............? It is man who pollutes the environment, ............? Jesmin knows you better, ............? Let her solve the sum, ............? Look here he comes, ............? Many a man will come, ............? Many a rose is born to blush unseen, ............? Many men, many minds, ............?__ Men who live long grow old, ............? Morning shows the day, ............? My father’s birthday is on April,20, ............? My friends and I hardly go there, ............? My name and address he took with him, ............? My parents and I are happy, ............? Neither of them is guilty, ............? Nero fiddles while Rome burns, ............? No living being is above death, ............? No one knows what’ll happen next, ............? No pains, no gains, ............? No,there’s too much work to do, ............? One should do one’s duty, ............? Our love for our country is forever, ............? Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet, ............? Pray to Almighty for me,won’t you? Slow and steady win the race, ............? Slow and steady win the race, ............? Some one is crying, ............? Someone has come, ............? Something is better than nothing, ............? Study hard to succeed in life, ............? Sumi cut a good figure in the examination, ............? Sweety used to tell a lie, ............? Thank you, ............? That he is honest is known to all, ............? That he is honest is known to all, ............? That sounds good, ............? That sounds great, ............? That the earth rounds the sun is universal, ............? The bitch gave birth to a dog, ............? The brother in him arose, ............? The brother in him rose, ............? The empress was beautiful and kind, ............? The fans made in Japan move fast, ............? The father rose in him, ............? The girl in her pleased us all, ............? The girl in her pleased us all, ............? The girl in her will surprise you, ............? The girl who came to me is my sister, ............? The headmaster along with other teachers went to Dhaka, ............? The Headmaster and the secretary said many things, ............? The helpless will be helped, ............? The little girl knew a little of the matter, The more laws, the more offenders, ............? The oldest of the men little thinks about death, ............? The prime minister with all the members of the cabinet went to the U.S.A, ............? The pupil cut a sorry figure in the exam, ............? The sooner, the better, ............? The sooner,the better, ............? The strong always oppress the weak, ............? The teacher as well as the workers may come, ............? The tree has borne fruits, ............? The USA is a rich country, ............? The visitor that he guided was not a man, ............? The water of the well wasn’t dirty, ............? The will of people prevails, ............? These sounds can be easily avoided, ............? This book is rare now,is it? Tit for tat, ............? To err is human, ............? Two and two make four, ............? Two and two make four, ............? Waste not, want not, ............? We see him scarcely, ............?do we? What a pity,isn’t it? What a shame, ............? What is lotted cannot be blotted, ............? When he came,I was sleeping, ............? Who cares, ............? Who cares,doesn’t he? Who dares to disobey the law, ............? Who dares to disobey the law, ............? You and he went there, ............? You and I are best friends, ............? You and I came to terms, ............? You never say what you are thinking, ............? Your honesty charmed us, ............? Tag Question Exercise Answer A barking dog seldom bites, does it? A boy like you should do this, shouldn’t you? A boy like you should not do this, should he? A boy like you should not do this, should he? A healthy man can reside only in a healthy body, can’t it? A lie never lies hidden for long, does it? A widow has lost her child, hasn’t she? All that glitters is not gold, is it? All that glitters is not gold, is it? All’s well that ends well, aren’t they? Allah may excuse a sinner, mayn’t He? Allah/God only can help us, can’t He? An ideal student hardly studies, does he? Barking dogs seldom bite, do they? Be dignified, will you? Beautiful scenery, isn’t it? Both are responsible, aren’t they? Death knows no time, does it? Drone gathers honey, doesn’t she? Each of us has our problem, don’t we? Every action has an equal and opposite reaction, hasn’t it? Every action has got an equal and opposite reaction, hasn’t it? Everybody desires success, don’t they? Everybody was present there, weren’t they? Give him an inch, and he will take an ell, won’t he? Good bye, don’t I? Good morning, don’t I? Good morning, isn’t it? Goodbye, don’t I? Grasp all, lose all, isn’t it? Happy birthday, don’t I? Harm hatch, harm catch, isn’t it? He set up a school in his village, didn’t he? He spent few hours with us, didn’t he? He’d finished the work, hadn’t he? He’s reading yesterday, wasn’t he? His economical policy played a vital role in our economy, didn’t it? How awful, isn’t it? How odd! Isn’t it? How time does fly, doesn’t it? I have few friends, do I?/have I? I think that he is right, don’t I? Ill got ill spent, isn’t it? It ‘s hardly rained at all this summer, has it? It is man who pollutes the environment, isn’t it? Jesmin knows you better, doesn’t she? Let her solve the sum, will you? Let’s not listen to it again, shall you? Look here he comes, doesn’t he? Many a man will come, won’t they? Many a rose is born to blush unseen, aren’t they? Many men, many minds, isn’t it? Men who live long grow old, don’t they? Messi, isn’t he? Morning shows the day, doesn’t it? My father’s birthday is on April,20, isn’t it? My friends and I hardly go there, do we? My name and address he took with him, didn’t he? My parents and I are happy, aren’t we? Neither of them is guilty, are they? Nero fiddles while Rome burns, doesn’t he? / isn’t it? No living being is above death, are they? No one knows what’ll happen next, do they? No pains, no gains, is it? No, there’s too much work to do, is there? One should do one’s duty, shouldn’t they? Our love for our country is forever, isn’t it? Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet, isn’t it ? Pray to Almighty for me, won’t you? Slow and steady win the race, don’t they Some one is crying, aren’t they? Someone has come, haven’t they? Something is better than nothing, isn’t it? Study hard to succeed in life, will you? Sumi cut a good figure in the examination, didn’t she? Sweety used to tell a lie, didn’t she? Thank you, don’t I? That he is honest is known to all, isn’t it? That he is honest is known to all, isn’t it? That sounds good, doesn’t it? That sounds great, doesn’t it? That the earth rounds the sun is universal, isn’t it? The bitch gave birth to a dog, didn’t she? The brother in him arose, didn’t it? The brother in him rose, didn’t it? The empress was beautiful and kind, wasn’t it? The fans made in Japan move fast, don’t they? The father rose in him, didn’t it? The girl in her pleased us all, didn’t it? The girl in her pleased us all, didn’t she? The girl in her will surprise you, won’t it? The girl who came to me is my sister, isn’t she? The headmaster along with other teachers went to Dhaka, didn’t they? The Headmaster and the secretary said many things, didn’t they? The helpless will be helped, won’t they? The little girl knew a little of the matter, did she? The more laws, the more offenders, isn’t it? The oldest of the men little thinks about death, does he? The prime minister with all the members of the cabinet went to the U.S.A, didn’t they? The pupil cut a sorry figure in the exam, didn’t they? The sooner, the better, isn’t it? The sooner,the better, isn’t it? The strong always oppress the weak, don’t they? The teacher as well as the workers may come, mayn’t they? The tree has borne fruits, hasn’t it? The USA is a rich country, isn’t it? The visitor that he guided was not a man, was she? The water of the well wasn’t dirty, was it? The will of people prevails, doesn’t it? These sounds can be easily avoided, can’t they? This book is rare now, is it? Tit for tat, isn’t it? To err is human, isn’t it? Two and two make four, don’t they? Two and two make four, don’t they? Waste not, want not, will you? We see him scarcely, do we? What a pity, isn’t it? What a shame, isn’t it? What is lotted cannot be blotted, can it? When he came, I was sleeping, wasn’t I? Who cares, do they? Who cares, doesn’t he? Who dares to disobey the law, does he? Who dares to disobey the law, don’t they? You and he went there, didn’t you? You and I are best friends, aren’t we? You and I came to terms, didn’t we? You never say what you are thinking, do you? Your honesty charmed us, didn’t it? Tag Question Worksheet-4.0 Tag Question All Board Questions 2020 1. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Dhaka Board 2020; Jashore Board-2009] (a) Let's have a walk outside the farm, ____________? (b) I am in the habit of walking every morning, ____________? (c) Morning entertains us with fresh air, ____________? (d) No one should miss the opportunity, ____________? (e) Have a try to form this habit of morning walk, ____________? 2. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Rajshahi Board-2020] (a) You surely fail if you to plan, ____________? (b) A good plan scarcely lets you fail, ____________? (c) Great people could do nothing without a plan of action, ____________? (d) Future also dare not fail a well-planned effort, ____________? (e) So, plan before proceed, ____________? 3. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Cumilla Board-2020, Dinajpur Board-2020, Jashore Board-2017] (a) The freedom fighters are the real heroes, ____________? (b) Nothing is greater than their sacrifice, ____________? (c) Their contribution for our country will always be remembered, ____________? (d) We should never neglect them, ____________? (e) Every citizen of Bangladesh must have due respect for them, ____________? 4. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Jashore Board-2020] (a) Everybody respects freedom fighters, ____________? (b) They fought for the independence of our country, ____________? (c) Their sacrifice has given us freedom in every sphere of life, ____________? (d) Their names are written in golden letters, ____________? (e) We should never forget them, ____________? 5. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Sylhet Board-2020] (a) Everyone is nostalgic in life, ____________? (b) We hardly forget the golden past, ____________? (c) The memories of childhood are colorful, ____________? (d) The sweetest memory of childhood is always haunting us, ____________? (e) Who forgets these memories, ____________? 6. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Barishal Board-2020] (a) Optimism is a great quality, ____________? (b) Everybody believes this truth, ____________? (c) But all can’t be optimistic, ____________? (d) None but the optimists are accepted by all, ____________? (e) So, we all should be optimistic about life, ____________? 7. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Chattogram Board-2020] (a) None of us can solve this problem, ____________? (b) There is little water in the glass, ____________? (c) One cannot deny this proposal, ____________? (d) You need to see a doctor, ____________? (e) Nothing was said, ____________? 8. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Mymensingh Board-2020] (a) Nothing is more pleasant than the memories of childhood, ____________? (b) We hardly forget the golden past, ____________? (c) The memories of my childhood still attract me, ____________? (d) Simple things are at the centre of attraction for a child, ____________? (e) When a man grows up, he may laugh at those things, ____________? Tag Question All Board Questions 2019 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Dhaka Board-2019] (a) I am an SSC examinee, ____________? (b) My expectation is getting A+, ____________? (c) Some of my classmates became addicted to using mobile phones, ____________? (d) They could not pass the test exam, ____________? (e) Everybody hates them for this reason, ____________? 10. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Rajshahi Board-2019] (a) Cutting trees is not good for us, ____________? (b) Because trees supply us oxygen, fruits and wood, ____________? (c) We can hardly live without them, can we? (d) They are our best friends, ____________? (e) Let’s plant trees more and more, ____________? 11. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Cumilla Board-2019] (a) Sincerity is a great virtue. A sincere man always succeeds in life, ____________? (b) The people who are insincere can hardly succeed, ____________? (c) Nobody is as successful as a sincere man, ____________? (d) Every student should be sincere to shine in life, ____________? (e) Let’s be sincere in our life, ____________? 12. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Jashore Board-2019] (a) You had better drink cold water, ____________? (b) The father rose in him at this sight, ____________? (c) Thank you very much, ____________? (d) He as well as his brother comes here, ____________? (e) Let us go home, ____________? 13. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Sylhet Board 2019;Dhaka Board- 2017;Rajshahi Board-2016; Chattogram Board- 2012] a) Telling lies is a great sin, ____________? b) One lie begets hundred lies, ____________? c) Man hardly believes a liar, ____________? d) A liar has to lead a miserable life, hasn't he/____________? e) So, all of us ought to refrain from telling lies, ____________? 14. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Barishal Board-2019] (a) To tell a lie is a great sin. Sinners suffer in the long run, ____________? (b) Flowers are the symbol of beauty and purity. Nobody dislikes flowers, ____________? (c) I want to meet her. She hardly comes here, ____________? (d) Vitamins are essential for our health. So, we must eat vegetables to get vitamins, ____________? (e) Truthfulness is a great virtue. So, don’t tell a lie, ____________? 15. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Chattogram Board-2019,2017] a) Fishes can swim, ____________? b) Once our rivers abounded with fish, ____________? c) But at present the water of most of the rivers has been polluted, ____________? d) So, there is scarcity of fish, ____________? e) We must take measures to protect the rivers from being polluted, ____________? 16. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Dinajpur Board-2019] (a) Our examination is over. Everybody is free now, ____________? (b) He along with his friends will pay a visit to Sylhet, ____________? (c) But Aslam has little interest in it, ____________? (d) He as well as his parents visited Sylhet last year, ____________? (e) As they visited many interesting places, they could enjoy a lot, couldn't they? Tag Question All Board Questions 2018 17. Make tag questions of the following statements: [All Board-2018] a) At present, everybody likes cricket, ____________? b) Students hardly miss watching this game, ____________? c) Nothing is more enjoyable to them than cricket, ____________? d) How exciting the game is! ____________? e) Let's play this game, ____________? Tag Question All Board Questions 2017 18. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Rajshahi Board-2017] a) Patriotism is a great virtue, ____________? b) Every religious teaches us the patriot, ____________? c) We all must remember that the country is above everything, ____________? d) Why some people forget it is really a question, ____________? e) We hope that nobody will derail from the right path, ____________? 19. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Cumilla Board-2017, Dhaka Board-2015] (a) Most of the students who fail in English don't have strong foundation over grammar, ____________? (b) They read only to pass the examination, ____________? (c) Teachers should motivate them to learn the basic thing, ____________? (d) They can't help learning grammar, ____________? (e) Moreover, practice is essential too, ____________? 20. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Sylhet Board 2017; Chattogram Board-2015] (a) Mina is having a birthday party in the afternoon, ____________? (b) Yes, she is. She's been busy in cleaning and dusting the drawing room, hasn't she? (c) Yesterday her father brought her a lovely dress, ____________? (d) And her mother wants to give her a pleasant surprise, doesn't she? (e) Certainly, let's buy a nice gift for you, ____________? 21. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Barishal Board-2017] a) Man is the best creature of God, isn't he? b) But sometimes the beast in us comes out, ____________? c) Some of us are known as good persons in the society, ____________? d) Those who are involved to do harm to others should avoid it, ____________? e) Let's make a peaceful and happy society, ____________? 22. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Dinajpur Board-2017; Cumilla Board-2011] a) Time and tide wait for none, ____________? b) Unfortunately, many of us waste our time, ____________? c) None can prosper in life without utilizing time properly, ____________? d) So, everybody should realize this truth, ____________? e) Let's make the best use of time, ____________? Tag Question All Board Questions 2016 23. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Dhaka Board-2016] a) Success cannot be achieved without efforts, ____________? b) Everybody knows it, ____________? c) The successful people are very industrious, ____________? d) Everything glorious is gained through hard labour, ____________? e) So, industry is the key to success, ____________? 24. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Cumilla Board-2016] a) I need a pen, ____________? b) I must write a letter to my friend, mustn't I? c) I have not written any letter to him for a long time, ____________? d) As we are friends, I think, we should keep in touch, ____________? e) I am irregular in writing but my friend is always regular in writing, isn't he? 25. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Jashore Board-2016] a) Hello, Rumi. You saw the programme on arsenic pollution in the ATN yesterday, ____________? b) Oh! Rajib. It has already become a serious problem in our country, ____________? c) Yes, it enters into our body when we take arsenic contaminated water, ____________? d) It can cause different diseases, can't it? e) You are right, Rumi. Everyone must be careful about taking water, ____________? 26. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Sylhet Board-2016] a) Your letter gave me much pleasure, ____________? (b) I am glad to inform you about our sports day, ____________? (c) We decorated the school campus colourfully, didn’t we? (d) Among the events, sack race and three leg race were interesting, ____________? (e) None could resist laughter watching these events, ____________? 27. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Barishal Board-2016] (a) We see that Masum has little knowledge about games and sports, ____________? (b) Let’s talk to him, ____________? (c) We think, he doesn’t know how to play tennis, ____________? (d) Everybody praises an all rounder, ____________? (e) Though he is a good student, he is lazy, isn’t he? 28. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Chattogram Board-2016] (a) The wind blows gently in the spring, ____________? (b) Let them do the work, ____________? (c) How nice the flowers are, ____________? (d) Everything looks beautiful in a moonlit night, ____________? (e) Work hard to succeed, ____________? 29. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Dinajpur Board-2016] (a) Shapna has little knowledge about computer, has she / ____________? (b) But she can improve herself if she is interested in it, ____________? (c) I think she has no interest in it, has she? (d) She should be motivated at all, shouldn't she? (e) Let's talk to her, ____________? Tag Question All Board Questions 2015 30. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Rajshahi Board-2015] (a) Nobody believes a cheat, ____________? (b) Everybody hates him, ____________? (c) He has to drag a miserable life, ____________? (d) He can hardly succeed in life, can he? (e) Let us always speak the truth, ____________? 31. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Cumilla Board-2015] (a) I am doing a very important work. Don’t disturb me, ____________? (b) Rupa said to Mina, How happy you are in a nuclear family!, ____________? (c) Cousin lives in a village. He hardly comes here, ____________? (d) I study in a reputed school. I am a student, ____________? (e) Don’t make late. Let’s go, ____________? 32. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Jashore Board-2015] (a) I am sorry, Ramit. I am very late, ____________? (b) There was a traffic jam, wasn't there? (c) Oh! Don't worry. The train is late, ____________? (d) Then, have a cup of tea, ____________? (e) Yes. Let' go to the canteen, ____________? 33. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Sylhet Board-2015] a) Everyone is nostalgic in life, ____________? b) We hardly forget the golden past, ____________? c) The memories of childhood are always haunting us, ____________? d) Nothing is more pleasant to man than the sweetest memories of childhood, ____________? (e) Therefore, let's practise it, ____________? 34. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Barishal Board-2015] a) A nuclear family has some advantages, ____________? b) There're only a few family members, ____________? c) It is calm and quite, ____________? d) So, one can have peace and happiness in a nuclear family, can't he/____________? e) One need not think of others, need he/need they? 35. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Dinajpur Board-2015] (a) I am Rajib, a boy of class 10, ____________? (b) I am reading in science group. I aim to be a doctor, ____________? (c) But my parents want that I shall be an army officer, ____________? (d) I have to work hard for whatever I want to be. Because success in life depends on hard work, ____________? (e) Especially¸ parents always advise me to work hard, ____________? Tag Question All Board Questions 2012 36. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Dhaka Board-2012] a) Everybody is liable to error, ____________? b) Very few students are devoted to studies, ____________? c) Please, don't waste your time, ____________? d) Let us go out for a walk, ____________? e) Fire burns, ____________? 37. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Cumilla Board-2012] a) Trees are our best friends, ____________? b) We should plant more trees, ____________? c) Nobody phoned me that day, did they? d) The spot is quite far from here, ____________? e) Let us go out for a walk, ____________? 38. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Rajshahi Board-2012] a) What a pity, ____________? b) None of you went there, did you? c) Let us have a discussion, ____________? d) Our college won the match, ____________? e) He does not take sugar in tea, ____________? 39. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Jashore Board-2012] a) Everyone would do so, wouldn't they? b) You need no do this, need you? c) There is a little water in this pond, isn't there? d) 'You' is a pronoun, isn't you? e) A man like you should not do this, should you? 40. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Chattogram Board-2012] a) Telling lies is a great sin, ____________? b) One lie-begets hundred lies, ____________ ? c) None believes a liar, ____________? d) He has to lead a miserable life, ____________? e) So all of us ought to refrain from telling lies, ____________? 41. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Sylhet Board-2012] a) I'd meet you, wouldn't I? b) There are many problems in our college, ____________? c) It is impossible, ____________? d) You cannot be sure, can you? e) Their performance shows it, ____________ ? 42. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Barishal Board-2012] a) Everybody loves flowers, ____________? b) Today flowers are used on different occasions, ____________? c) We need flowers to greet our honourable guests, ____________? d) Now many people cultivate flowers, ____________? e) This will better the living condition of the poor flower sellers, ____________? 43. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Dinajpur Board-2012] a) Rana as well as his friends enjoyed the film, ____________? b) Let me be alone, ____________? c) We ought not to do this, ____________? d) Everyone welcomed us, ____________? e) I have the right to get your help, ____________? Board Questions 2011 44. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Dhaka Board-2011] a) Life is full of troubles and difficulties,---? b) They have to be overcome if we are to succeed in life,----? c) So, we should face them with courage,---? d) We may fail at first, ---? e) But we must not loose heart,----? 45. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Cumilla Board-2011] a) Let us have a discussion, ---? b) Time and tide wait for none, -----? c) Many of us waste our time,---? d) None could prosper in life without utilizing time,---? e) Everybody should realize this truth,---? 46. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Rajshahi Board-2011] a) Let us have a discussion,---? b) Do not forget me,---? c) The weather was fine yesterday,-----? d) Our college won the match,---? e) He does not take sugar in tea,---? 47. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Sylhet Board-2011] a) His name was Jerry,--- ? b) They waste their valuable time, --- ? c) Everyone knows this,--- ? d) He can never help people of the society,----? e) Everybody dislikes him,---? 48. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Chattogram Board-2011] a) Health is wealth, -----? b) A sick rich man is not happier than a healthy poor man, -----? c) An unhealthy man cannot prosper in life,---? d) Nobody pays him due respect, -----? e) We must take care of our health, -----? 49. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Barishal Board-2011] a) You must have heard the name of Jalaluddin Rumi, -----? b) He achieved fame as a spiritual leader, -----? c) He was also renowned as a mystic poet,---? d) Thousands of people admired him in his life time, -----? e) Still today millions of people all over the world find pleasure in his poetic works, -----? 50 Make tag questions of the following statements: [Dinajpur Board-2011] a) You are not resigning from your job,---? b) No, not yet, unless I get another job I can't,----? c) Of course not. Well, you can use a computer, -----? d) And you do not mind working in a friend's firm,----? e) Well if I offer you a job in my office, you won't refuse it,---? Tag Question All Board Questions 2010 51. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Dhaka Board-2010] (a) Every student wants to ____________ll in the examination, ---? (b) But it is not an easy task, ---? (c) A student should read the texts again and again, ---? (d) He must not memorize the answer without knowing the meaning, ---? (e) He cans reader social services, ----? 52. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Dinajpur Board-2010] (a) You are not used to taking potatoes, --? (b) No, I don't like it. I think you also don't like potatoes, ----? (c) It is true. But in a country like Bangladesh we ought to take alternative food, ----? (d) The wise say like that,-----? (e) But I don't think, they will be satisfied with potatoes instead of rice. ----? 53. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Cumilla Board-2010] (a) Certainly you will go there, ----? (b) I know you have not hidden my pen, ----? (c) A boy like you should not do this, ---? (d) The earth is round, ----? (e) Let us go for a walk, ----? 54. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Chattogram Board-2010] (a) Trees are our best friends, -----? (b) They help us in many ways, -----? (c) But many men do not realize the importance of trees-----? (d) The country will change into a desert without trees, ----? (e) So, we should plant more trees, ---? 55. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Sylhet Board-2010] (a) You need not come here tomorrow, -----? (b) Let's help the poor boy, -----? (c) Nobody phoned me that day, -----? (d) She has little idea about it, ---? (e) He reads news papers everyday, ----? 56. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Barishal Board-2010] a) Rimi is trying her best to make a good result,----? b) She thinks she will complete all the subjects before December,----? c) Her parents are also serious,------? d) They feel her absence, -----? e) She should not miss her classes now,---- ? Tag Question All Board Questions 2009 57. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Dhaka Board-2009] a) We're going to visit the Fantasy Kingdom today,-----? b) But we can't start our journey unless it stops raining, -----? c) Why ____________ start now? It's only drizzling, -----? d) The spot is quite far from here, -----? e) So, let's put off our visit for tomorrow, -----? 58. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Rajshahi Board-2009] (a) Harnidur Rahman gave the shape to the Shaheed Minar, -----? (b) He combined in it the Bengalese aspirations, -----? (c) He was the pioneer of the new painting movement, ------? (d) People admire him for his outstanding design of the Central Shaheed Minar, -----? (e) We should never forget him,-----? 59. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Dinajpur Board-2009] a) Do you know about computer,-----? b) Of course, it is fairly a recent invention, -----? c) It has now become an essential part of modern life, -----? d) It has greatly benefited us, -----? e) Now, let us hope for the latest one, -----? 60. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Jashore Board-2009] (a) Let's have a walk outside the farm, -----? (b) I'm in the habit of walking every morning, -----? (c) Morning entertains us with fresh air, -----? (d) No one should miss this opportunity, -----? (e) Have a try to form this habit of morning walk, -----? 61. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Cumilla Board-2009] (a) Nothing is certain, -----? (b) Nila knows you better, -----? (c) Let's have a discussion, -----? (d) He seldom comes here, -----? (e) You are right,-----? 62. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Chattogram Board-2009] a) Congratulations Terence. You have made an excellent result, ----? b) Thanks. But my parents and teachers also deserve the credit,-----? c) Right you are. We ought to remain grateful to them, -----? d) Certainly, You too studied hard, -----? e) Yes, it is our duty to study in a disciplined way, -----? 63. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Sylhet Board-2009] a) You are going abroad, -----? b) No, not yet, unless l pan manage money, I cannot go,-----? c) I can't admit you because I have not much money, -----? d) You don't know our present stale, Now my father has to maintain a very large family, -----? e) I admit, your father can manage it if he wishes, -----? 64. Make tag questions of the following statements: [Barishal Board-2009] a) Actually I am waiting for Kamal, ----? b) Kamal? I also have come here to meet him, ----? c) No. He just told me to meet him here. I don't know more about this, ----? d) So far as I know, he wants to go to the fair, ----? e) Really? Oh, here is Kamal coming. Let's discuss this with him,----? SSC Tag Questions Tag Question Worksheet-4.1 Q. Add tag questions to the following sentences. 1. Always speak the truth,—? 2. Let him write a letter,—? 3. Don’t tell a lie,—? 4. Birds can’t swim,—? 5. Don’t make a noise in the classroom,—? 6. He hit upon a plan,—? 7. Nobody likes him,—? 8. It’s hardly rained at all the winter,—? 9. He read the book twice,—? 10. I am a student,—? 11. Don’t waste your time,—? 12. They came here in time,—? 13. Every mother loves her child,—? 14. She can make tea,—? 15. A barking dog seldom bites,—? 16. Sinners suffer in the long run,—? 17. We should not waste our time,—? 18. Let’s have some fun,—? 19. Open the door,—? 20. She hardly comes here,—? 21. I prefer milk to tea,—? 22. Nobody phoned,—? 23. We ought to love our country,—? 24. None can avoid death,—? 25. I shall never tell a lie,—? 26. Reba will sing a song,—? 27. Mr. Brown teaches us English,—? 28. Economics is my favorite subject,—? 29. The brake deserves the air,—? 30. Nothing is impossible,—? 31. Please lend me some money,—? 32. Save something for the future,—? 33. Rahim didn’t understand it,—? 34. We must eat vegetables,—? 35. Nobody dislikes flowers,—? 36. Neither of them helped me,—? 37. The mother rose in her,—? 38. It is a good idea,—? 39. I am as tall as you,—? Important Tag question Worksheet-4.2 Add tag questions to the following sentences. Nothing is impossible, ___________? I think everybody knows it, ___________? The idle always lag behind, ___________? Let’s motivate them, ___________? Motivation seldom goes in vain, ___________? Congratulations, you have made an excellent result, ___________? Thanks. But my parents and teachers also deserve the credit, ___________? We ought to remain grateful them, ___________? You too studied hard, ___________? It is our duty to study in a disciplined way, ___________? Let us start our journey, ___________? They used to play football in the afternoon, ___________? Nobody should laugh at the blind. ___________? There is nothing for her to eat, ___________? Mina had better to stay at home, ___________? You aren’t doing the work, are you? Somebody left their house yesterday, ___________? What a beautiful day it is, ___________? A cat catches a mouse, ___________? Bangladesh is our motherland, ___________? Something is burning, ___________? Rahim as well as his friends was present, ___________? He did it, ___________? I know nothing about him, do I? Let’s arrange a class party, ___________? The moon shines at night, ___________? Everybody loves flower, ___________? Nothing can satisfy him, can it? He has few reasons for waiting, ___________? That was my pen, ___________? Nobody believes a liar, do they? We have to study English, ___________? Let her solve the matter, ___________? You had better leave now, ___________? We ought to love our motherland, ___________? Look at this paper, ___________? Let’s phone, ___________? It is a beautiful afternoon, ___________? Let’s go out for a walk, ___________? The police arrested him, ___________? Both are responsible, ___________? Let’s take an oath today, ___________? This is the right way to do it, ___________? Life is very busy in the big cities, ___________? We needed a change in thoughts, ___________? Let us make them realize it, ___________? Man is a social being, ___________? He cannot live alone, can he? It is man, who pollutes his environment, ___________? Every mother loves her child, ___________? Don’t forget me, ___________? My father and I are happy, ___________? Men should not tell a lie, ___________? We live in Bangladesh, don’t we? The weather was fine yesterday, ___________? A barking dog seldom bites, ___________? A good student is always attentive to his study, ___________? A lie never lies hidden for long, ___________? Arif read a story book yesterday, ___________? Arif’s performance is praiseworthy, ___________? Bangladesh is a small country, ___________? Birds cannot swim, ___________? Birds fly, ___________? Bring me a book, ___________? Each of the boys got a prize, ___________? Education broadens the mind, ___________? Either you or your brother came here, ___________? Every mother loves her child, ___________? Everybody is liable to error, ___________? Everything looked beautiful, ___________? Everything looked nice, ___________? Give me a glass of water, ___________? Give me a hand, ___________? Grammeen bank provides loan to the poor, ___________? The sun having set, we reached home, ___________? He hit us, ___________? He need not go there, ___________? He used to like you, ___________? He will play football, ___________? He’d done the work, ___________? Her mother couldn’t walk, ___________? Someone has stolen his pen, ___________? Somebody has called, ___________? Somebody wanted a pen, ___________? Your niece looks beautiful, ___________? Study attentively, ___________? Susmita will sing a song, ___________? Tell me your address, ___________? The baby begins to cry, ___________? The book belongs to me, ___________? The dogs barks when it sees a stranger, ___________? The brave fight with courage, ___________? The earth moves round the sun, ___________? The educated should be free from superstition, ___________? The helpless should be helped, ___________? The Idle can not prosper in life, ___________? The kindness of Mohsin is known to all, ___________? The teacher beat the boy, ___________? The tree has born fruits, ___________? The unfed should be fed, ___________?

summary writing for ssc examinaiton Summary for SSC Examinations

IELTS-speaking-2-questions-with-model-answers IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Speaking Part 2 Topic Card: Main Features In IELTS Speaking Part 2, you will receive a “topic card” that contains a detailed, multi-part question. You will have one minute to prepare a short speech in response to the topic card. Then you should speak for 1-2 minutes. Preparing for Part 2 can really pay off. Obviously, it is impossible to predict the exact questions you will receive on exam day. However, the structure of Part 2 questions is very consistent. Each Part 2 card has three basic features that you should know well: Feature 1: Topic Introduction Feature 2: 3 Detailed Points Feature 3: Discussion Part-2 Model Answers Part-2 Model Answers Part-2 Model Answers Part-2 Model Answers

IELTS IDEAS - GENDER ISSUES

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Private Universities in Bangladesh ​ 1. Brac University Bangladesh www.bracuniversity.ac.bd   2. East West University Bangladesh www.ewubd.edu   3. Independent University bangladesh www.iub.edu.bd   4. North South University Bangladesh www.northsouth.edu   5. American International University Bangladesh www.aiub.edu   6. University of Asia Pacific Bangladesh www.uap-bd.edu   7. Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology www.aust.edu   8. Eastern University Bangladesh www.eastenruni.edu.bd   9. University of Liberal Arts www.ulab.edu.bd   10. State University of Bangladesh www.sub.edu.bd   11. United International University www.uiu.ac.bd   12. Daffodil University www.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd   13. World University of Bangladesh www.wub.edu.bd   14. Dhaka International university www.diu-edu.net   15. European University of bangladesh www.eub.edu.bd   16. Asha University Bangladesh www.asaub.edu.bd       17. Stamford University Bangladesh www.stamforduniversity.edu.bd   18. Central Women’s University   www.cwu.edu.bd ​

Nouns Nouns are simply the names we give to everything around us, whether it be a person, an event, a place or an object, etc. Every particular name used to define something is a noun. E.g. : Amsterdam, Anita, Blackberry, Honesty, Waiter, etc. The names given to a group of noun to identify them as a whole are called Collective Nouns. E.g.: pride of lions, gaggle of geese etc. Nouns or pronouns can also modify themselves to show possession of another noun, usually by attaching‘s to the end of the noun. These nouns that show possession are called Possessive Nouns. Sometimes nouns have different forms for different genders, although this practice has been largely abandoned by the people who prefer to use the same noun for both genders. For example - Actor (male) - Actress (female), but people nowadays refer to women who act as female actors rather than actresses. Most nouns can be converted into plural forms by adding ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ at the end of the word. E.g.: box-boxes, cat-cats, echo-echoes , etc. But some nouns require the last consonant to be modified before adding ‘-es’. For e.g.: the ‘Y’ in ‘city’ changes to ‘I’ to form cities, kitty to kitties and ‘f’ to ‘v’ in dwarf to dwarves, wharf to wharves, etc. Some nouns become plurals irregularly by changing the entire word: mouse- mice, ox - oxen, etc. You can learn more about Plurals here: How to make Plurals : Making Plurals-Easy Guide Grammarians have divided nouns into different categories based on their use and purpose. Learning these divisions within the nouns will help in sentence construction and vocabulary. The different types of Nouns are - PROPER NOUNS These nouns are the names of specific people and places. These nouns also refer to the names of the days of weeks and months, and also the various names for religions, organizations, institutions, etc. Proper nouns basically refer to the names that are specific to that particular noun. These nouns are always capitalised as they need to be distinct from other nouns. William Shakespeare was a playwright. - Proper noun that is the name of a specific person. I will be visiting New York next month. - Proper noun that is the name of a specific place. Everyone dislikes Monday mornings. - The names of days are proper nouns. The holy book of Islam is the Koran. - Name of a religion and religious text. COMMON NOUNS These are the nouns that are used to denote a general category of people, places or things. They are capitalized only when they are at the beginning of a sentence. Common Nouns don’t refer to something specific rather they are a general term used for every noun of a particular kind or type. The boys went to play cricket. - Both boys and cricket are common nouns as they can refer to any boy or any cricket match. There is nothing specified by these nouns. This neighbourhood is one of the best in the area. - Here neighbourhood is the common noun as there are innumerable neighbourhoods all over the world. She was trying to answer her phone while buying coffee. - Here we see phone and coffee that both are general indicators of the object and the drink. ABSTRACT NOUNS These nouns are the names of things that we cannot perceive through our five senses of touching, smelling, seeing, hearing and tasting. These nouns can also refer to medical conditions related to the mind and are also used to express thoughts. She screamed with great delight. - Delight is an abstract noun as it tells about the state of a person’s mind and any actual physical thing. His bravery in the war won him a medal. - The abstract noun bravery is used to name the motivation behind certain actions made by people. One should learn to be as independent as possible. – Here, independent describes a state or a way of being, hence it is an abstract noun. COUNTABLE NOUNS The nouns that fall under this category are the ones that have both singular and plural forms. They can be counted either relatively or completely, and form plurals to associate with plural verbs in a sentence. They can also be expressed in numerical terms I need to buy four new suitcases for my trip. - Suitcase (s) is a countable noun as adding ‘s’ to it makes it plural. Does anyone want some oranges? - Here some is being used to count the noun orange(s). She had a pet dog. - Dog is also a countable noun as its plural is dogs. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS These nouns are the exact opposite of Countable Nouns. These nouns are the names of things that cannot be counted and have only a singular form. These nouns use singular verbs in a sentence. The furniture was damaged in moving out. - Furniture is an uncountable noun and therefore, we use the singular ‘was’ in referring to it. Is 250gms of sugar enough? - Here, sugar is an uncountable noun as sugar itself cannot be counted. It can only be weighed. He always answers questions with honesty. - Honesty is an uncountable noun as it has no plural and cannot be counted in physical terms either. List of Nouns, Noun Examples Nouns Exercise 1 Actor Garden Oil Advertisement Gas Orange Afternoon Ghost Oxygen Airport Girl Oyster Ambulance Glass Painting Animal Gold Parrot Answer Grass Pencil Apple Greece Piano Army Guitar Pillow Australia Hair Pizza Balloon Hamburger Planet Banana Helicopter Plastic Battery Helmet Portugal Beach Holiday Potato Beard Honey Queen Bed Horse Quill Belgium Hospital Rain Boy House Rainbow Branch Hydrogen Raincoat Breakfast Ice Refrigerator Brother Insect Restaurant Camera Insurance River Candle Iron Rocket Car Island Room Caravan Jackal Rose Carpet Jelly Russia Cartoon Jewellery Sandwich China Jordan School Church Juice Scooter Crayon Kangaroo Shampoo Crowd King Shoe Daughter Kitchen Soccer Death Kite Spoon Denmark Knife Stone Diamond Lamp Sugar Dinner Lawyer Sweden Disease Leather Teacher Doctor Library Telephone Dog Lighter Television Dream Lion Tent Dress Lizard Thailand Easter Lock Tomato Egg London Toothbrush Eggplant Lunch Traffic Egypt Machine Train Elephant Magazine Truck Energy Magician Uganda Engine Manchester Umbrella England Market Van Evening Match Vase Eye Microphone Vegetable Family Monkey Vulture Finland Morning Wall Fish Motorcycle Whale Flag Nail Window Flower Napkin Wire Football Needle Xylophone Forest Nest Yacht Fountain Nigeria Yak France Night Zebra Furniture Notebook Zoo Garage Ocean Collective Nouns Collective nouns are the name we give to a group of nouns to refer to them as one entity. The most common method of doing this is by using words like group or bunch that can be applicable to most of the nouns in the language today. But there are some specific names given for certain groups of nouns to make things more interesting and funny. Now, these collective nouns are not based in scientific thought or fact. Most of them come from the poetry and imagination of early to late Medieval English times e.g. - an eloquence of lawyers – Eloquence itself is defined as fine persuasion in speaking or writing, so this particular collective noun is a comment on the profession of lawyers while being their collective noun as well. The same goes for the collective nouns we find for animals; the names arose from 15th century French and English hunting traditions, where hunting was common and names and terms were given to all aspects of the sport. These names were called Terms of Venery and it had become a tradition of the court to keep extending the list and by the 1500s the list was up-to 165 items long. Here we have listed some of the more commonly used collective nouns for humans, animals and objects. These collective nouns are commonly used under the category of people. A class of students. An army of soldiers. A choir of singers. A crew of sailors. A band of musicians. A bunch of crooks. A crowd of people/spectators. A gang of thieves. A group of dancers. A team of players. A troupe of artists/dancers. A pack of thieves. A staff of employees. A regiment of soldiers. A tribe of natives. An audience of listeners. A panel of experts. A gang of labourers. A flock of tourists. A board of directors. Collective Nouns Exercise 1 Collective Nouns Exercise 2 The following collective nouns are used for animals. A catch of fish. An army of ants. A flight of birds. A flock of birds. A haul of fish. A flock of sheep. A herd of deer/cattle/elephants/goats/buffaloes. A hive of bees. A litter of cubs. A host of sparrows. A team of horses. A troop of lions. A zoo of wild animals. A pack of wolves. A litter of puppies/kittens. A swarm of bees/ants/rats/flies. A team of horses/ducks/oxen. A murder of crows. A kennel of dogs. A pack of hounds. The following collective nouns are used for things. A group of islands. A galaxy of stars. A wad of notes. A forest of trees. A stack of wood. A fleet of ships. A string of pearls. An album of stamps/autographs/photographs. A hedge of bushes. A library of books. A basket of fruit. A bowl of rice. A pack of cards. A pair of shoes. A bouquet of flowers. A bunch of keys. A chest of drawers. A pack of lies. A range of mountains. A cloud of dust. Collective nouns are endless and these are just a list of those used more often. As you continue to work on improving your English, you will stumble across many more. Be sure to add them to your list and use them as frequently as you can. Using Nouns to Show Possession Possessive nouns are those nouns that show possession. Possessive Nouns are used to show ownership. A noun is possessive only when a phrase can be modified to say that an idea or commodity belongs to something or someone. Possessive nouns are an integral part of learning English, use them as often as you can to gain confidence. In the singular form, the possessive case is formed by adding 's to the noun. The clothes of the girl. The girl’s clothes. The toys of the boy. The boy’s toys. Mary goes to this school. This is Mary’s school. King’s castle, grandfather’s stick, my dog’s bowl and all of the above are formed by adding the 's. Modify the following sentences by using the apostrophe (') to show possession: The king’s servants. The computer’s cover. My phone’s charger. The servants of the king. Cover of the computer. The charger of my phone. For certain words, instead of 's, only ' is used to avoid a hissing noise. Keep this is mind when using possessive nouns. Some examples would be: Boss’ office. Dr.Briuss’ house. For goodness’ sake. There are two rules to follow in case the noun is in plural form. If the noun ends in s then the possessive case is formed by adding the apostrophe E.g. the donkeys’ tail, the boys’ hostel, the cousins’ aunt. If the noun does not end in s then the possessive case is formed by adding 's. E.g. the children’s park, the men’s room. It’s simple as long as you know the plural form of the noun. The plural form of ‘god’ will be ‘gods’ and so the apostrophe will be used after 's' (gods’). In case of nouns like ‘woman’, the plural form is ‘women’ and so the apostrophe followed by 's' will be used (women’s). Add the apostrophe in the following sentences. Our cousins short uncle. (Apostrophe can be before or after 's') Businessmens briefcase. (Businessmen’s) The ladies washroom. (Ladies’) Here are some more examples to show you other possible cases. Alex and Philip’s shop. (Two nouns are used closely and showing joint possession; here, the apostrophe will be used with the second noun) Shakespeare’s and Wordsworth’s works. (Two nouns are used together yet separate possession is implied thus the apostrophe is used with both nouns) Nouns as Adjective Sometimes in the English language, a noun is used to describe another noun; in other words, the first noun performs the function of an adjective. Look at the following examples: Basketball coach – here the noun basketball is being used to describe the noun coach Garment shop – here the noun garment is being used to describe the noun shop Painting exhibition – here the noun painting is being used to describe the noun exhibition In all the above examples, the first noun acts as an adjective. Rules related to Nouns as Adjective 1. The ‘nouns as adjective’ always come first or before the second or main noun. Let’s see a few more examples: A cricket bat A soccer ball A car race A love story 2. In general, like adjectives, nouns being used as adjectives are used in the singular form, although in the case of certain words, like clothes, customs, sports, etc, an exception is made. For example: Bathroom or bathrooms, and not bathsroom or bathsrooms Badminton racket or badminton rackets, and not badmintons racket or badmintons rackets In short, the plural form will always appear on the second noun only. Some nouns are always written or spoken in the plural forms, but we generally treat them as a singular form. For example: A billiards player A news editor Some nouns are always treated in the plural forms when used as an adjective. For example: Sports museum Clothes outlet Accounts manager 3. Multiple nouns can also be used as adjectives. For example: School cricket team coach Motor production cost Child health care research centre 4. We can also use a true adjective before nouns as adjective. For example:: Famous Indian cricket player Cute coffee mug Delectable Chinese cuisine Honest school teacher Increasing air pollution

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writing for IELTS, writing practice for ielts, IELTS writing mock tests, tactics for IELTS writing, writing tests for IELTS IELTS WRITING Academic IELTS Writing Acadmic Task-1 Voabulary AC Task-1 Report Writing Writing Task-2 Eassy Writing IELTS Writing Essay-wise Ideas General Training IELTS Writing GT Task-1 Voabulary GT Task-1 Letter Writing Writing Task-2 Eassy Writing IELTS Writing Essay-wise Ideas Test format – Academic Writing (60 minutes) Topics are of general interest to, and suitable for, test takers entering undergraduate and postgraduate studies or seeking professional registration. There are two tasks: Task 1 - you will be presented with a graph, table, chart or diagram and asked to describe, summarise or explain the information in your own words. You may be asked to describe and explain data, describe the stages of a process, how something works or describe an object or event. Task 2 - you will be asked to write an essay in response to a point of view, argument or problem. Responses to both tasks must be in a formal style. IELTS Academic Writing description Paper format: There are two Writing tasks and BOTH must be completed. Timing: 60 minutes No. of questions: 2 Task types: In Task 1, test takers are asked to describe some visual information (graph/table/chart/diagram) in their own words. They need to write 150 words in about 20 minutes. In Task 2, they respond to a point of view or argument or problem. They need to write 250 words in about 40 minutes. Answering: Answers must be given on the answer sheet and must be written in full. Notes or bullet points are not acceptable as answers. Test takers may write on the question paper but this cannot be taken from the examination room and will not be seen by the examiner. A detailed look at the paper with links to related resources. Task 1 Task type and format: In Writing Task 1, test takers may be asked to describe facts or figures presented in one or more graphs, charts or tables on a related topic; or they may be given a diagram of a machine, a device or a process and asked to explain how it works. They should write in an academic or semi-formal/neutral styles and include the most important and the most relevant points in the diagram. Some minor points or details may be left out. Test takers should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. They are asked to write at least 150 words and will be penalised if their answer is too short. While test takers will not be penalised for writing more than 150 words, they should remember that a longer Task 1 answer may mean that they have less time to spend on Task 2, which contributes twice as much to the Writing band score. Test takers should also note that they will be penalised for irrelevance if the response is off-topic or is not written as full, connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form, etc.). They will be severely penalised for plagiarism (i.e. copying from another source). Test takers must write their answers on the answer booklet. Task focus: This task assesses the ability to identify the most important and relevant information and trends in a graph, chart, table or diagram, and to give a well-organised overview of it using language accurately in an academic style. No. of questions: 1 Task 2 Task type and format: In Writing Task 2, test takers are given a topic to write about an academic or semi-formal/neutral style. Answers should be a discursive consideration of the relevant issues. Test takers should make sure that they read the task carefully and provide a full and relevant response. For example, if the topic is a particular aspect of computers, they should focus on this aspect in their response. They should not simply write about computers in general. Test takers should spend no more than 40 minutes on this task. They are asked to write at least 250 words and will be penalised if their answer is too short. While test takers will not be penalised for writing more than 250 words, if they write a very long answer they may not have time for checking and correcting at the end and some ideas may not be directly relevant to the question. Task 2 contributes twice as much to the final Writing band score as Task 1. Therefore, test takers who fail to attempt to answer this task will greatly reduce their chance of achieving a good band. Test takers will be penalised for irrelevance if the response is off-topic or is not written as full, connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form, etc.). They will be severely penalised for plagiarism (i.e. copying from another source). Finally, test takers should make sure that they do not copy directly from the question paper because this will not be assessed. They must write their answers on the answer booklet. Task focus: This task assesses the ability to present a clear, relevant, well-organised argument, giving evidence or examples to support ideas and use language accurately. No. of questions: 1 IELTS Academic Writing - How it's marked Marking and assessment Each task is assessed independently. The assessment of Task 2 carries more weight in marking than Task 1. Responses are assessed by certificated IELTS examiners. All IELTS examiners hold relevant teaching qualifications and are recruited as examiners by the test centres and approved by the British Council or IDP: IELTS Australia. Scores are reported in whole and half bands. Detailed performance descriptors have been developed which describe written performance at the nine IELTS bands. These are available on the How IELTS is scored page. They apply to both IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training versions and are based on the following criteria. Task 1 responses are assessed on: Task achievement Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy. Task 2 responses are assessed on: Task response Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy. Performance descriptors Task 1 Task achievement This assesses how appropriately, accurately and relevantly the response fulfils the requirements set out in the task, using the minimum of 150 words. Academic Writing Task 1 is a writing task which has a defined input and a largely predictable output. It is basically an information-transfer task that relates narrowly to the factual content of an input diagram and not to speculative explanations that lie outside the given data. Coherence and cohesion This concerns overall clarity and fluency: how the response organises and links information, ideas and language. Coherence refers to the linking of ideas through logical sequencing. Cohesion refers to the varied and appropriate use of cohesive devices (for example, logical connectors, pronouns and conjunctions) to assist in making the conceptual and referential relationships between and within sentences clear. Lexical resource This refers to the range of vocabulary used and its accuracy and appropriacy in terms of the specific task. Grammatical range and accuracy This refers to the range and accurate use of grammar as manifested in their sentence writing. Task 2 Task response In both IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training versions, Task 2 requires test takers to formulate and develop a position in relation to a given prompt in the form of a question or statement. Ideas should be supported by evidence, and examples may be drawn from the test takers’ own experience. Responses must be at least 250 words in length. Scripts under the required minimum word limit will be penalised. Coherence and cohesion This assesses the overall clarity and fluency of the message: how the response organises and links information, ideas and language. Coherence refers to the linking of ideas through logical sequencing. Cohesion refers to the varied and appropriate use of cohesive devices (for example, logical connectors, pronouns and conjunctions) to assist in making the conceptual and referential relationships between and within sentences clear. Lexical resource This criterion refers to the range of vocabulary used and its accuracy and appropriacy in terms of the specific task. Grammatical range and accuracy This assesses the range and accurate use of grammar, as manifested in their test takers’ writing at sentence level. Test format – General Training Writing (60 minutes) Topics are of general interest. There are two tasks: Task 1 - you will be presented with a situation and asked to write a letter requesting information, or explaining the situation. The letter may be personal, semi-formal or formal in style. Task 2 - you will be asked to write an essay in response to a point of view, argument or problem. The essay can be fairly personal in style. IELTS General Training Writing description Paper format: There are two Writing tasks to complete. Timing: 60 minutes No. of questions: 2 Task types: In Task 1, test takers are asked to respond to a situation, for example, by writing a letter requesting information or explaining a situation. In Task 2, test takers write an essay in response to a point of view, argument or problem. Answering: Answers must be written in full in the answer booklet. Notes or bullet points in whole or in part are not acceptable as answers. Test takers may write on the question paper but this cannot be taken from the test room and will not be seen by the examiner. A detailed look at the paper with links to related resources. Task 1 Task type and format: In Writing Task 1, test takers are presented with a situation and required to write a personal response in the form of an informal, semi-formal or formal letter of at least 150 words in the answer booklet provided. The situations they are asked to write about are common, everyday ones such as: writing to a college accommodation officer about problems with accommodation, writing to a new employer about time management problems they are having, writing to a local newspaper about a plan to develop a local airport, writing to a renting agency to sort out problems with the heating system in their house. Test takers are told what kind of information (in the form of three bullet points) they must include in their response. They may be required to request or give information and/or explain a situation. To do this, they may need to do some of the following: ask for and/or provide general factual information, express needs, wants, likes or dislikes, express opinions or complaints, make requests or make suggestions/recommendations. The style of writing that test takers use depends who they are asked to write to (i.e. the audience) and how well they are supposed to know them. They need to write in a style that is appropriate for their audience and that will help them to achieve their purpose for writing, e.g. writing to a friend (informal) or writing to a manager (semi-formal or formal). Test takers do not need to include any addresses at the head of their letters. Test takers should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. They are asked to write at least 150 words and will be penalised if their answer is too short. While test takers will not be penalised for writing more than 150 words, they should remember that a longer Task 1 answer may mean that they have less time to spend on Task 2, which contributes twice as much to the Writing band score. Test takers should also note that they will be penalised for irrelevance, if the response is off-topic or is not written as full, connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form, etc.). They will be severely penalised for plagiarism (i.e. copying from another source). Task focus: This task assesses the ability to follow English letter-writing conventions (i.e. what order to put information in, what style to use, how to start and finish a letter), to use language accurately and appropriately and to organise and link information coherently and cohesively. No. of questions: 1 Task 2 Task type and format: In Writing Task 2, test takers write a semi-formal/neutral discursive essay of at least 250 words in the answer book provided. The task instructions give information about a point of view, argument or problem. They then tell test takers how to discuss this, which may involve providing general factual information, outlining and/or presenting a solution, justifying an opinion, evaluating evidence and ideas. Topics are of general interest, - such as: whether children’s leisure activities should be educational, why families are not so close as they used to be and how they could be brought closer, how environmental problems can be solved, who should pay for the care of old people, whether smoking should be banned in public places. Test takers should make sure that they complete the task carefully and provide a full and relevant response. They should organise their ideas clearly and make sure to support their argument with relevant examples (including from their own experience where relevant) or evidence. For this task, test takers need to be able to communicate more abstract and complex ideas and use a range of vocabulary and grammatical structures. Task 2 contributes twice as much to the final Writing band score as Task 1. Therefore, test takers who fail to attempt to answer this task will greatly reduce their chance of achieving a good score. Test takers are asked to write at least 250 words and will be penalised if their answer is too short. They should spend no more than 40 minutes on this task. Test takers should also note that they will be penalised for irrelevance if the response is off-topic or is not written as full, connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form, etc.). They will be severely penalised for plagiarism (i.e. copying from another source). Task focus: This task assesses the ability to follow English discursive writing conventions (i.e. what order to put information in, what style to use, how to start and finish discursive writing, how to paragraph), to organise and link information coherently and cohesively and to use language accurately and appropriately. No. of questions: 1 IELTS General Training Writing - How it's marked Marking and assessment Writing responses are assessed by certificated IELTS examiners. All IELTS examiners hold relevant teaching qualifications and are recruited as examiners by the test centres and approved by the British Council or IDP: IELTS Australia. Each task is assessed independently. The assessment of Task 2 carries more weight in marking than Task 1.Scores are reported in whole and half bands. Detailed performance descriptors have been developed which describe written performance at the nine IELTS bands. They are available on the How IELTS is scored page. The descriptors apply to both the Academic and General Training versions and are based on the following criteria. Task 1 responses are assessed on: Task achievement Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy. Task 2 responses are assessed on: Task response Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy. Performance descriptors Task 1 Task achievement This assesses how appropriately, accurately and relevantly the response fulfils the requirements set out in the task, using the minimum of 150 words. General Training Writing Task 1 is a writing task with a largely predictable output in that each task sets out the context and purpose of the letter and the functions the test taker should cover in order to achieve this purpose. Coherence and cohesion This assesses the overall clarity and fluency of the message: how the response organises and links information, ideas and language. Coherence refers to the linking of ideas through logical sequencing. Cohesion refers to the varied and appropriate use of cohesive devices (for example, logical connectors, pronouns and conjunctions) to assist in making the conceptual and referential relationships between and within sentences clear. Lexical resource This refers to the range of vocabulary the test takers have used and the accuracy and appropriacy of use in terms of the specific task. Grammatical range and accuracy This refers to the range and accurate use of grammar, as manifested in the test takers’ sentence writing. Task 2 Task response In both IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training versions, Task 2 requires test takers to formulate and develop a position in relation to a question or statement. Ideas should be supported by evidence, and examples may be drawn from the test takers’ own experience. Responses must be at least 250 words in length. Scripts under the required minimum word limit will be penalised. The other three assessment criteria (Coherence and Cohesion, Lexical Resource, Grammatical Range and Accuracy) are the same for Task 1 and Task 2. Read More ELTS IELTS Academic Writing Task-1 IELTS General Training Writing Task-1 IELTS Grammar IELTS Idea Builders IELTS Reading IELTS Speaking IELTS Speaking Part -3 IELTS Speaking Part-1 IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Vocabulary IELTS Writing IELTS Writing Task-2 Essay Writing IELTS Listening THE MOST IMPORTANT ESSAYS FOR IELTS 1. ARCHITECTURE/HOUSING/BUILDING 2. ARTS/ CULTURE/TRADITION/MUSEUMS 3. BUSINESS/MONEY/ECONOMY 4. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT&LAW 5. EDUCATION 6. ENTERTAINMENT/HOBBY 7. ENVIRONMENT/NATURE/CLIMATE/ANIMALS 8. FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN 9. FOOD 10. GENDER ISSUES 11. GLOBAL ISSUES/GLOBALIZATION 12. GOVERNMENT 13. HEALTH 14. LANGUAGE 15. MEDIA 16. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 17. SOCIETY/SOCIAL PROLEMS/SOCIAL TRENDS 18. SPORTS 19. TRANSPORT 20. TRAVEL/TOURISM 21. WORK 22. OTHERS/ABSTRACT IDEAS 1. ARCHITECTURE/HOUSING/BUILDING 1. Many old buildings protected by law are part of a nation’s history. Some people think they should be knocked down and replaced by news ones. How important is it to maintain old buildings? Should history stand in the way of progress? 2. Safety standards are important when building peoples’ homes. Who should be responsible for enforcing strict building codes – the government or the people who build the homes? Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 3. It is more important for a building to serve a purpose than to look beautiful. Architects shouldn't worry about producing building as a work of art. Do you agree or disagree? 4. More houses are needed in many countries to cope with increasing populations. Would it be better to build houses in existing towns and cities, or to develop new towns in rural areas? 2. ARTS/CULTURE/TRADITION/MUSEUM 1. There are many different types of music today. Is the traditional music of a country more important than the International music that is heard everywhere nowadays? 2. Creative artists should always have the freedom to express their ideas (in paintings, books, films and songs) in any way they wish. The government should not restrict what they do. To what extent do you agree with this opinion? 3. Government investment in the arts, such as music and theatre, is a waste of money. Governments must invest this money in public services instead. To what extent do you agree with this statement?? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. 4. Art is considered an essential part of all cultures throughout the world. However, these days fewer and fewer people appreciate art and turn their focus to science, technology and business. Why do you think that is? What could be done to encourage more people to take interest in the arts? 5. "Nowadays it is noticed that cultural mixing is reflected within local cultural practices. Do you think it is good for our society?" 6. Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and behaviour. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural differences. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 7. Some believe the primary purpose of museums is to entertain people, while others believe their purpose is to educate. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 8. "Countries become more developed due to mix of different people and their culture. Do you agree or disagree?" 9. There are many different types of music in the world today. Why do we need music? Is the traditional music of a country more important than the international music that is heard everywhere nowadays? 10. Art is considered an important part of a society as well as an expression of its culture. Do you think it is important for children to be taught art? Do you think children should be encouraged to focus on art rather than other subjects? 3. BUSINESS/MONEY/ECONOMY 1. ‘Some people think that changing people’s attitudes to other countries, and culture is an important factor in reducing world poverty. Others, however, feel that the most important method is trade.’ 2. Some people think that they should spend money they earn now enjoying life, while others think that the money should be put into savings for future. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 3. Some people think that it is best to save money, for example in a bank or savings scheme. Other people feel that money should be spent whenever it is available. Discuss these views and reach an opinion on this debate. Give reasons for your answer, and support your essay with ideas and examples from your own experience. 4. Economic progress is often used to measure a country's success. However, some people believe that other factors are more important. What other factors should also be considered when measuring a country's success? Do you think one factor is more important than others? 5. "Some people prefer to help by making donations to local charities while some prefer to donate to national & international organizations. Discuss both measures and give your opinion." 6. As well as making money, businesses also have social responsibilities. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 4. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT&LAW 1. Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. 2. There seems to be an increasing number of serious crimes being committed each year. While some think that the best way is to use the death penalty as a deterrent, many people believe that other measures will be needed. Discuss both sides of view. 3. In order to reduce crime, some argue that attacking its cause like poverty is the best solution, while others believe that putting more people in prisons and having more policemen are more convenient way in tackling crime. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 4."Prison is the only truly effective form of punishment, because it separates criminals from society" To what extent do you support this view? You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 5. Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later, and it is often argued that these are the best people to talk to teenagers about the dangers of committing a crime. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Many offenders commit more crimes after serving the first punishment. Why is this happening, and what measures we can take to tackle this problem? 5. EDUCATION 1. In some developed countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year at the end of high school and before starting university. What are the pros and cons for young people who choose to do this. 2. In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. 3. The main purpose of a university is to provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed for students to get a good job. To what extent do you agree? 4. Some people believe that children will have a bright future if they are always rewarded by their parents and teachers when they behave well. However, other people argue that if the children misbehave, they should receive punishment so that they can become qualified citizens. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 5. Technology is becoming increasingly prevalent in the world today. In the not too distant future, technology will completely replace the teacher in the classroom. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? 6. Some people say that distance learning is a quick and effective way to study. Others, however, disagree and say that distance learning programs can never be as good as courses taken in person. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? 7. Some people believe all children should be taught together. Others say that they should be separated according to academic abilities. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 8. Some people believe that teaching children at home is best for a child’s development while others think that it is important for children to go to school. Discuss the advantages of both methods and give your own opinion. 9. Schools are spending more time teaching traditional subjects such as history. Some people think they should rather spend more time in teaching skills that can help students find a job. To what extent do you agree or disagree. 10. Some people think that all university students should study whatever they like. Others believe that they should only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future, such as those related to science and technology. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 6. ENTERTAINMENT/HOBBY/LEISURE TIME 1. Youngsters these days find hardly any time for leisure. Is this a positive development? What are the causes of this? If this is a problem, can you suggest solutions? 2. Many people today are worried about young children using video games. What problems might these games cause, for children and society as a whole? How could these problems be reduced? You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 3. Some people believe that hobbies need to be difficult to be enjoyable. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 4. Some people regard video games as harmless fun, or even as a useful educational tool. Others, however, believe that videos games are having an adverse effect on the people who play them. In your opinion, do the drawbacks of video games outweigh the benefits? 7. ENVIRONMENT/NATURE/CLIMATE/ANIMAL 1. Global warming is one of the most serious issues that the world is facing today. What are the causes of global warming and what measures can governments and individuals take to tackle the issue? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. 2. There are many extinct animals’ species in the world. Some people think we should protect animals from dying out, while others believe we should spend more time on problems of human beings. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 3. Some people think that instead of preventing climate change, we need to find a way to live with it. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 4. Some people think that instead of preventing climate change, we need to find a way to live with it. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 5. The world's air pollution levels are rising year on year. What are the most pressing causes and effects of this disturbing trend? 6. Nowadays there is a rapid increase in the use of natural resources such as oil, forest and fresh water. What dangers does it bring? What are the possible solutions to address these issues? 7. Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. What can governments do to address these problems? What can individual people do? 8. Some people feel that it is always wrong to keep animals in captivity, for instance in zoos. Other people say that there are benefits for the animals and for humans. Discuss both sides of this debate, and give your personal view. You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 9. Nowadays animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the safety of other products. Some people argue that these experiments should be banned because it is morally wrong to cause animals to suffer, while others are in favour of them because of their benefits to humanity. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 10. Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycled. They say that the only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal requirement.
 To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste? 8. FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN 1. Some people say that cities are a better place for children to grow up, while others believe countryside is the right choice. Discuss both views. 2. Nowadays children spend more time playing computer games than doing sports. Why is it happening? Does it have a positive or negative effect on their development? 3. Children do not respect their parents as much as they did in the past. This behaviour is now having a negative impact on society. 4. Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 5."Children are facing more pressures nowadays from academic, social and commercial perspectives. What are the causes of these pressures and what measures should be taken to reduce these pressures? 6."Mothers play key roles in the upbringing of children. But in the recent times both parents are getting busy with professional life. Who in your opinion should take the responsibility of child care now?" Give your opinion in no less than 250 words. 9. FOOD 1. For a long time there has been concern about the quality of the food we eat because of additives and contaminants. Recently genetically modified (GM) food has become more common, causing concern. Is this concern justified or not? 2. Even though organic fruits and vegetables are more expensive than conventional fruits and vegetables, they are worth the extra cost. Do you agree or disagree. 3. Everyone should follow a vegetarian diet because it is not necessary to eat meat to be healthy. Do you agree or disagree? 4. In some countries an increasing number of people are suffering from health problems as a result of eating too much fast food. It is therefore necessary for governments to impose a higher tax on this kind of food. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 5."It is noticeable that fast food consumption has increased substantially during the last 10 years. Discuss its impact on environment and health." 10. GENDER ISSUES 1. "World history suggests that violence and conflict were more evident under male leadership that under female leadership. So. for peace to prevail, female leadership can be considered as a better option that male leadership." Do you agree or disagree? 2. Universities should enrol equal numbers of male and female students in all subjects. Do you agree or disagree? 3. In some schools and universities, girls choose arts subjects (literature), and boys tend to choose science subjects (physics). Why do you think this is so? 4. Many people believe that women make better parents than men and that is why they have the greater role in raising children in most societies. Others claim that men are just as good as women at parenting. 11. GLOBAL ISSUES/GLOBALIZATION 1. Even though globalization affects the world’s economies in a very positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten. Discuss. 2. The world is heavily dependent on oil for energy. Do you think a future re-source will take oil's place? Why do you think this? 3. Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 4.Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas. 5. The continued rise in the world’s population is the greatest problem faced by humanity at the present time. What are the causes of this continued rise? Do you agree that it is the greatest problem faced by humanity? 6. Many countries today are experiencing high levels of migration from rural areas to cities. What are the causes of this trend, and what effects does it have on the existing city dwellers? 7. In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations. 8. We cannot help everyone in the world that needs help, so we should only be concerned with our own communities and countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 12. GOVERNMENT 1. Some People think that the government is wasting money on the arts and that this money could be better spent elsewhere. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2. Some people think governments should take measures to improve the health of its citizens. Others think it must be managed by individuals. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 3. Few people devote time to hobbies nowadays. Why you think this is the case and what effect this has on the individual and society in general. Differences between countries are becoming less. Nowadays people all over the world are adopting similar fashion and trends. Do you think disadvantages outweigh the advantages? 4. Differences between countries are becoming less. Nowadays people all over the world are adopting similar fashion and trends. Do you think disadvantages outweigh the advantages? 5. "Should Government be responsible for providing pure drinking water to all or should the people obtain their own water?" 6. Some people think that governments should give financial support to creative artists such as painters and musicians. Others believe that creative artists should be funded by alternative sources. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 7. In many cities the use of video cameras in public places is being increased in order to reduce crime, but some people believe that these measures restrict our individual freedom. Do the benefits of increased security outweigh the drawbacks? 13. HEALTH 1. Currently there is a trend towards the use of alternative forms of medicine. However, at best these methods are ineffective, and at worst they may be dangerous. To what extent do you agree with this statement? 2.All over the world, the number of overweight people is growing. What do you feel are the main causes of this? What are the effects? 3. Many doctors are concerned about the high use of computer games by children and young people. What mental and physical problems may arise from excessive use of these games? How could these problems be reduced? 4. In many countries today, there are concerns about the unhealthy lifestyles that people lead. What health issues are linked to modern lifestyles? What answers to these problems can you suggest? Give reasons for your answer, and support your essay with ideas and examples from your own experience. 5. Some people say that the best way to improve public health is to increase the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 6. Many office authorities impose restriction on smoking within the offices premises. Some governments have even banned smoking in all public places. This is a good idea but it takes away some of our freedom. What are your opinions on this? Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 7. In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations. 8.The growing number of overweight people is putting a strain on the health care system in an effort to deal with the health issues involved. Some people think that the best way to deal with this problem is to introduce more physical education lessons in the school curriculum. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 14. LANGUAGE 1. Several languages die every year. Many people feel this is a positive trend and that a world with fewer languages promotes harmony and understanding between people. Analyze both sides of this argument and provide your opinion. 2. Several languages are in danger of extinction because they are spoken by very small numbers of people. Some people say that governments should spend public money on saving these languages, while others believe that would be a waste of money. Discuss both these views and give your opinion. 3. Nowadays, more and more foreign students are going to English-Speaking countries to learn the “international” language – English. It is undoubtedly true that studying English in an English-speaking country is the best way, but it is not the only way to learn it. Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 4. The development of tourism contributed to English becoming the most prominent language in the world. Some people think this will lead to English becoming the only language to be spoken globally. What are the advantages and disadvantages to having one language in the world? 15. MEDIA/SOCIAL MEDIA 1. Today, the expensive price of popular consumer products is because of the power of advertising and not the real needs of people. Do you agree or disagree? 2. News editors decide what to broadcast on television and what to print in newspapers. What factors do you think influence these decisions? Have we become used to bad news? Wouldn’t it be better if more good news was reported? 3. News editors decide what to broadcast on television and what to write in newspapers. What factors influence these decisions? Do you think we become used to bad news? Should more good news be reported? 4. Nowadays there are more and more advertisements. Some people think that they have a negative influence on people, and therefore should be restricted. Do you agree or disagree? 5. Many people believe that media coverage of celebrities is having a negative effect on children. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? 6. "Advertisements of toys and fast foods are obstacles to children’s physical and mental development, and, at the same time, cause loss of time and money of parents." Give your opinion in no less than 250 words. 7. Many people believe that social networking sites (such as Facebook) have had a huge negative impact on both individuals and society. To what extent do you agree? 16. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make? Has this become a positive or negative development? 2. Smart devices have put all of the world's information at our fingertips. The benefits of this development are obvious, but what are the drawbacks? 3. Since the 18th century technological advances have replaced people in the workplace. With today’s technology this process is happening at a greater rate. Technology is increasingly responsible for unemployment. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 4. There are many problems caused by mobile phones. What are the advantages of mobile phones? What are the disadvantages? 5. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has this been a positive or negative development? 6. Smart devices have put all of the world's information at our fingertips. The benefits of this development are obvious, but what are the drawbacks? 7. Many people today are worried about cybercrimes such as hacking and identity theft. What problems does `cybercrime' cause, and what solutions can you suggest for ordinary people and businesses to take? 8. Do you support the use of nuclear technology to be used for constructive purposes? Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 9. The advent of the internet has made it possible for people to work from home. Write an essay looking at the advantages and disadvantages of this professional arrangement. Share personal examples in your essay. 10. The advent of the internet has made it possible for people to work from home. Do you feel this working arrangement has more advantages or disad¬vantages? Share personal examples in your essay. 11. Internet crime is increasing rapidly as growing numbers of people purchase goods over the internet. What can be done to tackle this problem? 12. The advent of the internet has made it possible for people to work from home. Do you feel this working arrangement has more advantages or disadvantages? Share personal examples in your essay. 13. Some people regard video games as harmless fun, or even as a useful educational tool. Others, however, believe that videos games are having an adverse effect on the people who play them. In your opinion, do the drawbacks of video games outweigh the benefits? 14. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has this been a positive or negative development? 17. SOCIETY/SOCIAL PROLEMS/SOCIAL TRENDS 1. “Although abuse of the system is inevitable, social welfare payments are essential to protect the rights citizens have to a guaranteed minimum income in a democratic society” Discuss. 2. It is sometimes said that the countryside offers a high quality of life, especially for families. What are the arguments for and against families choosing to live and work in the countryside, for example as farmers? What is your own view about this? 3. "City Planners' new designs include setting up schools, markets, and commercial places (offices) in different areas of the city. Do you think it will help the city dwellers?" 4. Youth drug abuse is a serous problem. What are the possible causes of this behavior? Do you have any suggestion to control that? Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 5. The older generations tend to have very traditional ideas about how people should live, think and behave. However, some people believe that these ideas are not helpful in preparing younger generations for modern life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view? 18. SPORTS 1. Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair. Discus both these views and give your own opinion. 2. "Cricket has become more popular than the national sports in the sub-continental countries ."What do you think are the reasons behind this? 3. Some people believe that sport is an essential part of school life for children, while others feel it should be purely optional. Discuss these opposing views and give your own opinion. You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 4. Popular events like the football World Cup and other international sporting occasions are essential in easing international tensions and releasing patriotic emotions in a safe way. 19. TRANSPORT 1. Transport delays and long journey times are a widespread phenomenon in many cities today. What are the causes of this problem, and how could the situation be improved? 2. Everyday traffic seems to get worse on our roads. How can we reduce the number of cars on our roads today? What alternatives can we offer car drivers? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. 3. In order to solve traffic problems, governments should tax private car owners heavily and use the money to improve public transportation. What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. 4. Some people think that strict punishments for driving offences are the key to reducing traffic accidents. Others, however, believe that other measures would be more effective in improving road safety. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 20. TRAVEL/TOURISM 1. Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their own countries. What are the reasons? What are the solutions to change negative attitudes? 2. Restricting air travel is the only way to prevent air pollution. Do you agree? You should spend about 40 minutes on this task and write at least 250 words. 3. Tourism is always a force for good which enables people of different countries to understand each other.' To what extent do you agree with this idea? 4. Some people like to travel outside of their countries. Others would rather travel to the tourist spots in their own country first before travelling abroad. Which do you prefer to do and why? Include specific details and examples to support your choice. 5."By investing in tourism we can earn a lot of revenue and growth in national economy. At the same time it destroys the local culture. What is your opinion?" Give your opinion in no less than 250 words. 6. Today more people are travelling than ever before. Why is this the case? What are the benefits of travelling for the traveller? 7. Foreign visitors should pay more than local visitors for cultural and historical attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? 21. WORK 1. Unemployment remains the biggest challenge to school-leavers in most countries’ How far do you agree with this assessment? What other challenges face young people today? 2. Some people think that having a set retirement (e.g.65 years) for everybody, regardless of occupation, is unfair. They believe that certain workers deserve to retire and receive a pension at an earlier age. 3. Some people think that having a set retirement age (e.g. 65 years) for everybody, regardless of occupation is unfair. They believe that certain workers deserve to retire and receive a pension at an early age. Do you agree or disagree? Which types of workers do you think should benefit from early retirement? 4. Many people today find it difficult to balance the demands of their work and personal life. What are the causes of this situation, and what can individuals and employers do to reduce the problem? You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 5. Most employers do job interviews before offering a position to a person. Do you think this is the best way to do it, or are there better alternatives? What is the best method of choosing employees in your opinion? 6. Many people decide on a career path early in their lives and keep to it. This, they argue, leads to a more satisfying working life. To what extent do you agree with this view? What other things can people do in order to have a satisfying working life? 7. "Changing jobs and residences frequently is a very common scenario nowadays. Do you believe that this is good for one's future?" 8. Men do most high level jobs. Should the government encourage a certain percentage of to be reserved for women? 9. The most important thing about a job is how much money you earn in that job. Do you agree or disagree? 10. Some employers offer their employees subsidised membership of gyms and sports clubs, believing that this will make their staff healthier and thus more effective at work. Other employers see no benefit in doing so. Consider the arguments from both aspects of this possible debate, and reach a conclusion. 11. Many people are working at home rather than in the workplace. Some people believe this will bring benefits to the workers and their families, but others suggest it will cause stress in the home. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 12. The advent of the internet has made it possible for people to work from home. Write an essay looking at the advantages and disadvantages of this professional arrangement. Share personal examples in your essay. 13. When choosing a job, the salary is the most important consideration. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 14. Completing university education is thought by some to be the best way to get a good job. On the other hand, other people think that getting experience and developing soft skills is more important. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 22. OTHERS/ABSTRACT IDEAS-HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC. 1. In achieving personal happiness, our relationships with family, friends, and colleagues are more important than work and wealth. Do you agree or disagree with this? 2. In achieving personal happiness, our relationships with family, friends, and colleagues are more important than work and wealth. Do you agree or disagree with this? 3."Some people think that hard work and determination are the keys to success in life. Some, on the other hand, think that there are other factors behind a successful life. Give your opinion." 4. Some people think that a person improves intellectual skills better when doing group activities. To what extent do you agree? Use specific details and examples to explain your view. 5. Nowadays celebrities are more known for their glamour and wealth than for their achievement, and this sets a bad example to young people. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 6. Some people believe famous people’s support for international aid organizations draw public attention. Others think celebrities reduce the importance of the problems. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 7. Whether someone achieves their goal or not is a question of luck. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 8. Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness? 9. Some people think that money is one of the most essential factors in promoting happiness. Do you think people can be happy without much money? What other factors contribute towards happiness?

Vocabulary for IELTS Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University)

Advanced Sentence Structures for Better Writing How to write better English Writing assessment criteria Your Writing is basically assessed based on four criteria: Task Achievement (TA) = how well you answer the question. ... Coherence and Cohesion (CC) = how well is your text structured. ... Lexical Resource (LR) = how good is your vocabulary. ... Grammatical Range and Accuracy (GRA) = how good is your grammar. Task Response In this criterion, the type of response that you write for the essay type question is determined. It assesses the main idea of your essay and the way you develop it with relative examples. To score better: pay attention to ALL issues in the essay question write about the issues rather than just the general topic answer the essay question with relevant main points plan your supporting points so they don’t go off the topic write required number of words Coherence & Cohesion This writing criterion determines the proper use of linking words, paragraphing skills and use of cohesive devices (for example, connectors, conjunctions) is determined. Also, the number of paragraphs is taken into consideration. Dividing your essay into more or fewer paragraphs might lower your score. To score better: have either four or five paragraphs but not more and not less this means you should have two or three body paragraphs only have just one central topic in each body paragraph organise your ideas logically use a range of linking words avoid errors in linking words Lexical Resource Under this criterion, the use of a sufficient range of vocabulary, proper spellings, correct implementation of collocations, and word formation are taken care of while scoring. You must avoid using wrong words and informal language. To score better: pay attention to collocations paraphrase carefully to avoid errors use a range of words appropriate for the topic spell words correctly avoid making errors avoid using informal language Grammatical Range & Accuracy To score this criterion, things taken into consideration include sentence structures, proper use of tenses, putting right punctuations, use of simple as well as complex statements with clear ideas, and control over Grammar. To score better: use a wide range of grammatical structures pay attention to word order in your sentences use a range of sentence structures use the correct punctuation avoid errors in grammar

IELTS Ideas Arts, Culture, Tradition

Modifiers for HSC & other Examinations , Modifier, Modifiers for HSC Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Modifier All words in a sentence that are not verbs, subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, or complements are modifiers. (Modify v. = (in grammar, to limit the sense of another word.) Modifier. = a word such as an adjective or adverb, that describes another word or group of words, or restricts its / their meaning in some way.) You know that The subject and the predicate are two very basic elements of a sentence. Usually a noun or a pronoun acts as the subject, and it is called single word subject or simple subject. Sometimes, some other words give more information about the subject itself. That a subject may consist of more than one word, and it is called multi-words subject or complex subject. Again, there is always a finite verb in the predicate of a sentence. Sometimes the verb takes object(s), and sometimes it takes complement. Sometimes, some other words can give more information about the verb, the object(s) and the complement. That a predicate, also, may consist of more than one word. Example Dogs bark. The hour to prepare lesson has come. When the subject and/or the predicate of a sentence consist(s) of more than one word, the question of modifiers arises. Typically, modifiers define, make more precise, identify, or describe a verb, subject, direct object, ect, indirect object, complement or other modifier Y Very often a modifier is a prepositional phrase. [A prepositional phrase is group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun.] For example: in the morning, at the university, on the table, etc] A modifier can also be an adverb or an adverbial phrase. For example: last night, hurriedly, yesterday, outdoors, etc. modifier tells the time, place, or manner of the action. modifier of time usually comes last if more than one modifier is present. -lay be a single word or a group of words. – Read the following sentences: He ran quickly. (The verb ran is made more precise- by the modifier quickly) He ran as quickly as he could. (The verb ran is made more precise- by the modifier as quickly as he could) The blue hat suited the woman. (The subject hat is described - by the modifier blue.) The hat that she wore suited the woman. (The subject hat is described - by the modifier that she wore.) The thief stole an electric typewriter. Modifiers can be of two kinds: i. Pre-modifiers ii. Post-modifiers A noun can be modified by placing one or more words before or after it, so that more information can be added to it. Word or words that come before a noun to add more information to it are called Pre-modifiers. Word or words that come after a noun to add more information to it are called Post-modifiers. Pre-modifiers Many types of words can act as pre-modifiers. Among them determiners come first. 1. Determiners A determiner is a word -- such as a, the, some, etc. - that comes before a noun to show how the noun is being used (whether it is countable or uncountable, definite or indefinite etc.) for example: a pen, two books, my eye, little water, etc. The following types of words are used as determiners: Articles: a, an, the. Demonstratives: (words used to identify the person or thing that is being referred to) this, that, these, those. Possessives: my, his, their, us etc. Numerals: two, three, four. any numerals. Quantifiers: (words that express the quantity or amount or number of something) as, both, some, any, every, either, few, many, etc. 2. Adjectives The position of adjectives is after the determiner and before the noun. For example: All wild animals are not dangerous. My younger brother is an officer. He is a handsome man. 3. Participles A participle is a word formed from a verb and used to modify a noun. It is used to enrich a sentence with descriptive detail. As: The sobbing child stared at the broken toy. . are three kinds ot participles: Present Participle: It is formed by the addition of ing to the bare form of a verb. It Tribes the noun that it modifies as acting. Here the noun is active. Past Participle: It is commonly formed by the addition of d, ed, t, n, en etc. It describes noun that it modifies as acted upon. Here the noun is passive. The Perfect Participle: It is formed with having plus a past participle. It describes the soon that it modifies, as having completed some action. 4.Noun-adjectives sometimes a noun modifies another noun. This type of noun is called noun-adjective. The position of a noun adjective is just before the noun it modifies. As: He gave her a beautiful diamond ring. ii This is a book of English Grammar. Post-modifiers Some words or phrases come after a noun and give more information about it. These words phrases are called post-modifiers. The following types of words act as post-modifiers. Prepositional phrase prepositional phrase starts with a preposition, and ends with a noun, e. g. The box on the table is green. The cat under the table is sleeping. Appositives appositive is a noun phrase that is used immediately after another noun or noun phrase refers to the same person or thing. e. g. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is a big town. Adverbs The adverbs, especially adverb of place come after a noun to post modify it. e. g. The passage above is easy to read. The house opposite is beautiful. Participle Phrases A participle phrase is a group of words based on a participle. As: The father of the child, taking her in his arm, promised to re-fix the toy. Present Participles can be expanded into phrases: as: Planning every minute of the journey, she studied maps and tourists' guide. Past Participles can be expanded into phrases: as: Politicians influenced by flattery talk of victory at receptions. Infinitives or infinitive phrases The infinitives are usually made by placing to before the bare form of the verb. It can be used to modify various parts of a sentence. As: My favourite time to work is early in the morning. Determined to succeed, she redoubled her efforts. In every situation they play to win. The infinitives can be expanded into phrases: as: To write grammatically, you must know something about sentence structure. Verb Modifiers The following words or phrases act as verb modifiers: 1. Particles Particle is a word or a part of a word which has a grammatical purpose but often has little or no meaning: e g, In the sentence 'I tidied up the room', 'up' is a particle. 2. Single-word adverbs : as: They will arrive tomorrow. We live here. 3. Prepositional phrase i. The bomb exploded at night. ii. Two boys are playing in the field. iii. The old man is dozing in the chair. iv. The prime minister spoke for an hour. 4. Infinitive or infinitive phrase i. He sat down to relax. ii. We went there to buy some food. iii. Their aim is to obstacle justice. When used in this way an infinitive is called 'infinitive of purpose'. 5. Present participle or present participle phrases i. I spend the evenings watching T V. ii. He stood at the window looking out. Adverbials: All the verb modifiers discussed above are called adverbials. We can group them as follows: i. Adverbials of manner They answer the question HOW the action of the verb is performed. As: well, badly, slowly, carefully, etc. ii. Adverbials of place They answer the question WHERE the action of the verb is performed. They are usually prepositional phrases. As: She is reading in the library. He was walking along the road. iii. Adverbials of direction They answer the question WHERE TO the action of the verb is directed. They, also, are usually prepositional phrases: As: They are going to school. The baby is walking towards the door. iv. Adverbials of time They answer the question WHEN the action of the verb is performed. Here usually every + a noun, as everyday, every morning etc. And prepositional phrases as, in the morning, at night, on Monday etc. are used. v. Adverbials of duration They answer the question HOW LONG the action of the verb lasts. Here prepositional phrases is used, and they start with for, since, from. . Advanced Rules Modifier Worksheet-A Read the following text and use modifiers in the blanks as directed. In almost every country of the world unemployment is one of the (a) —— (pre-modify another adjective) social and economic problems of the day. It exists not only in the developed countries but also in the (b) —— (use a participle to pre-modify the noun) countries. The word “unemployment” means without any job or work by (c) —— (use relative pronoun to post-modify the noun) one can earn his livelihood. When a man has a job or a work for (d) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) living, he is employed and when he has no job, he is unemployed. Bangladesh is now (e) —— (post-modify the verb) facing this problem. The causes of (f) —— (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) problem are many. (g) —— (pre-modify the noun) mills and factory were not built and we had been ill fed and ill clad. Even after independence, governments failed (h) —— (use infinitive to post-modify the noun) new industries and factories. (i) —— (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) industries have almost decayed. Capital (j) —— (use past participle to post-modify the noun) in cottage industries is always at a risk. 2. Macbeth is one of the (a) —— (Pre-modify the noun) tragedies ever written in the (b) —— (Use noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) literature. After winning in a battle, Macbeth happened to meet three witches (c) —— (Use relative clause to post-modify the noun) that he would become the King someday. Hearing their prophecy, Macbeth became convinced and wrote a letter to his wife (d) —— (Use participle phrase to post-modify the verb). After some days, Duncan, (e) —— (Use appositive to post-modify the noun) arrived at Macbeth’s castle. But now a strong sense of conscience grew in him. He decided not to kill the King. But Lady Macbeth instigated him (f) —— (Use infinitive to post-modify the verb). Macbeth (g) —— (Pre-modify the verb) killed the king when he was sleeping. But, killing the (h) —— (Use participle to pre-modify noun) king, Macbeth killed (i) —— (Use possessive to premodify the noun) own sleep for ever. From (j) —— (Use demonstration to pre-modify the noun) night onward, Macbeth could not sleep even for a single movement. 3.Most of the people in (a) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country do not know the importance of English. In fact, it is an (b) —— (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) language and we are living in a (c) —— (pre-modify the noun) village. So, if you know English (d) —— (post-modify the verb with an adverb), you can communicate with (e) —— (use article to pre-modify the noun phrase) rest of the world. It is surely an important element of your (f) —— (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) skill. Without the knowledge of English with proper understanding, you cannot complete (g) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) higher studies because most of the books are written in English in the process of higher education. Poor knowledge of English will also hamper your (h) —— (use an adjective) development. In short, if you do not have a good command of English, you will suffer (i) —— (post-modify the verb with prepositional phrase). So, do not waste your time and try to learn English (j) —— (post-modify the verb with an adverb) from today. 4. A village doctor is a very (a) —— (pre-modify the noun) person in the rural areas of Bangladesh. He is (b) —— (post-modify the verb) known as a quack. A village doctor is not a (c) —— (pre-modify the noun) doctor. He usually sits in a small dispensary (d) —— (postmodify the verb). He treats the patients (e) —— (use a participle phrase to post-modify the verb). A village doctor is not a (f) —— (pre-modify the noun) man. His chamber is (g) —— (pre-modify the verb) furnished. He cannot supply costly medicine to (h) —— (pre-modify the noun) patients. In our country, the number of qualified doctors is (i) —— (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) few. So, a village doctor is a great friend to the (j) —— (pre-modify the noun) villagers. 5. Kazi Nazrul Islam is called the Shelley of Bengali literature. He was a (a) —— (pre-modify the noun) poet. He wrote (b) —— (post-modify the verb) in every branch of Bengali literature. Nazrul, (c) —— (use an appositive), won the attention of everyone in his early childhood. He wrote ceaselessly until the death of (d) —— (use possessive pronoun) poetic flair. He composed his songs (e) —— (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). His songs are (f) —— (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) melodious. He enriched the Bengali literature (g) —— (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb). His literary works have enriched (h) —— (use a noun adjective) literature. He was (i) —— (use an article) secular poet. He sang the songs of equality (j) —— (use an adverbial phrase). 6. Corruption is dishonesty (a) —— (use a participle to post-modify the noun) by people in position or power. We find (b) —— (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) dishonesty in almost all sectors of our life, society and in government departments. At present corruption has been so (c) —— (pre-modify the verb) rooted in our national life that it becomes a curse. Businessmen, doctors, lawyers, service holders, teachers, politicians, engineers are (d) —— (post-modify the verb). We increase the problem (e) —— (use a participle to post-modify the verb) bribes. We do not want our papers (f) —— (use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) stuck in the piles of dusty files. Thus corruption is spreading (g) —— (use an adverb to post-modify the verb) like cancer. The corrupt people flourish at the expense of the society and the nation (h) —— (use an adverb to post-modify the verb). This malpractice should be stopped (i) —— (use an adverb post-modify the verb). Corruption is ingrained in human nature (j) —— (use a participle to post-modify the noun) power and pelf in pursuit of happiness. 7. Nelson Mandela, (a) —— (post-modify the noun with an appositive), is one of the greatest leaders of the world. During (b) —— (use determiner) time of Mandela, the Europeans were separated from the non-Europeans. It was (c) —— (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) policy of racial segregation. The blacks were subjected to (d) —— (use a quantifier to pre-modify the noun) sorts of indignities. They were denied all basic (e) —— (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) rights. They were in fact aliens in (f) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun phrase) own country. The blacks were also treated (g) —— (use an adverb to post-modify the verb). Even dogs received a much better treatment than the blacks. The (h) —— (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice. Unfortunately, (i) —— (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) great man was thrown behind the prison bars. But the oppressive ruler could not break his (j) —— (use a present participle to pre-modify the noun) spirit. 8. Bangladesh, (a) —— (post-modify the noun with an appositive), is a developing country. (b) —— (pre-modify the noun) parents are engaging their children to work from an (c) —— (use adjective to pre-modify the noun) age. They have to work (d) —— (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) hard to earn their living. (e) —— (use determiner) child labourers in Bangladesh are (f) —— (pre-modify the noun) workers. They are obliged (g) —— (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the noun) in cheap hotels and shops. (h) —— (use adjective as pre-modifier) children work as (i) —— (use noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) hawkers (j) —— (use participle as the post-modifier) different items to the passengers-by. 9. There lived a (a) —— (pre-modify the noun) fox in a jungle. Once the fox was feeling (b) —— (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) hungry. He roamed here and there (c) —— (use prepositional phrase to post-modify the verb), but he could not find anything to eat. He became (d) —— (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) tired. (e) —— (use infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb), he sat under a (f) —— (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) tree. When he looked up, he saw a crow (g) —— (use a participle to post-modify the noun) on one of the branches of the tree. The crow was holding a piece of meat (h) —— (use prepositional phrase to post-modify the verb), (i) —— (use a participle phrase to pre-modify the verb), the mouth of the fox began to water and he wished to have (j) —— (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) piece of meat. 10. Beauty is (a) —— (use determiner) creation of art. But it is very difficult (b) —— (infinitive phrase) beauty. We may (c) —— (pre-modify the verb) appreciate it. Beauty may not be identified (d) —— (post-modify the verb) or objectively. It may depend on (e) —— (use possessive) sense of perfection. Another problem is that ugliness has (f) —— (use possessive) beauty too. Now the question arises whether beauty and ugliness are the (g) —— (pre-modify the noun) parts of art. Poet and artists have infused both in (h) —— (use possessive) works. They say that (i) —— (use quantifiers) truths are always objects of beauty. There are two poems on beauty written by two poets of (i) —— (pre-modify the noun) ages. 11. Once a fox was feeling (a) —— (use an adverb to pre-modify the adjective) hungry. He roamed here and there (b) —— (post-modify the verb with prepositional phrase) food but could not find anything (c) —— (use and infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). To take rest it sat under a tree. When the fox looked up, he saw, to (d) —— (use possessive to premodify the noun) great joy, a crow sitting on one of the branches of the tree. He was holding a piece of meat (e) —— (post-modify the verb with prepositional phrase). On seeing this, his mouth began to water and started thinking about (f) —— (use article to premodify the noun) piece of meat. At last he hit upon a plan to get (g) —— (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) piece of meat from the crow. He got up and said to crow, “How handsome you look! What a nice beak you have! But if you could sing (h) —— (post-modify the verb with an adverb), you could win for yourself the title of the ‘Queen of the birds’.” The foolish crow was taken in by the oily talk of the fox. He felt happy. He (i) —— (pre-modify the verb with an adverbial of time) opened his beak (j) —— (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) and the piece of meat fell down on the ground. The fox picked it up and ate it up at once. 12. Robi, (a) —— (post-modify the noun with an appositive), is known to his classmates as a good student. He has (b) —— (use a quantifier to pre-modify the noun) good qualities. He knows that the (c) —— (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) duty of student is to study and he never neglects (d) —— (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) duty. He prepares (e) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) lessons regularly. He maintains discipline. He knows the value of time. He gets up (f) —— (post-modify the verb with an adverb) so that he can get enough time to study. He goes to school (g) —— (post-modify the verb with an adverb). He never wastes a (h) —— (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) moment in vain. Robi is (i) —— (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) gentle. He always obeys his parents and teachers. He never mixes with (j) —— (pre-modify the noun) boys. A student like Robi is a great asset of a nation. 13. Sher-e-Bangla A.K. Fazlul Haq (a) —— (post-modify the noun with an appositive), was very meritorious from his boyhood. His father Kazi Wazed Ali was a (b) —— (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) pleader in the Barisal Bar. (c) —— (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) day the boy Fazlul Haq was reading (d) —— (post-modify the verb with prepositional phrase). His father was passing by. He was reading his lessons and tearing off (e) —— (use article to pre-modify then noun) pages of his book one after another. He (f) —— (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) entered the room and said, “O my boy, do not play with your book”. “I am not playing. I have already gone through (g) —— (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) pages. So I don’t need them at all,” said he (F.H). (h) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) father wanted to test him. He asked him to quote (i) — — (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) lines from such and such pages of his book. Fazlul Haq quoted the pieces from memory word for word. He was (j) —— (use an adverb to pre-modify the adjective) charmed at the wonderful memory of his son. 14. A balance diet is a good mixture of (a) —— (pre-modify the noun) foods. It is essential for us (b) —— (post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) a healthy life. There are many benefits of eating a (c) —— (pre-modify the noun) diet because it prevents us from (d)—— (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) diseases. As a result, we do not get sick (e) —— (postmodify the verb with an adverb). We should select (f) —— (pre-modify the verb with possessive) diet according to our needs. We should not eat the (g) —— (use adjective to pre-modify the noun) foods for the whole week. We can keep fit (h) —— (use a participle) a balanced diet. But it is not easy (i) —— (post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) a balanced diet. Here (j) —— (use a determiner) nutrionist can help us. 15. Tea is the most (a) —— (pre-modify noun) drink in the modern world. It is (b) —— (pre-modify adjective) refreshing. Tea plants grow (c) —— (post-modify verb) on the slope of the hills. In the garden, tea plants are (d) —— (pre-modify verb) planted in rows. (e) —— (pre-modify noun) leaves are plucked for times a year. (f) —— (participle phrase to pre-modify subject), they are processed in a machine and then dried in a cauldron over a furnace. After (g) —— (determiner to pre-modify noun) process, tea is ready for consumption. As a drink, tea is prepared in a (h) —— (pre-modify noun) way. Now, it is a common drink (i) —— (infinitive phrase to post-modify noun). However, taking too much tea is harmful (j) —— (prepositional phrase to post-modify adjective). 16. It is said that the other name of (a) —— (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) water is life. By drinking, we quench (b) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) thirst. So we need pure water (c) —— (use infinitive to post-modify the verb) on the earth. But (d) —— (use participle to pre-modify the noun) water is life-killing. By drinking unsafe water, we suffer from (e) —— (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) diseases. We may (f) —— (use pre-modify the verb) face (g) —— (pre-modify the noun) death by taking contaminated water. We are responsible for (h) —— (use demonstrative) pollution. So, (i) —— (pre-modify the noun) awareness is necessary (j) —— (infinitive) water pollution. 17. A (a) —— (pre-modify the noun with a noun adjective) morning is misty and cold. There is dense fog (b) —— (post-modify the verb). The sun rises (c) —— (post-modify verb) in the morning. People wear (d) —— (pre-modify the noun) clothes. They get comforts (e) —— (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) in the sun. Those who don’t have clothes suffer from (f) —— (pre-modify the noun) cold. Sometimes, the fog is so dense even things at a distance can (g) —— (pre-modify the verb) be seen. People like (h) —— (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) in doors. The fog disappears when the sun rises up. Dew drops (i) ——, (post-modify the noun with a prepositional phrase) look like pearls. Rural people gather around the fire (j) —— (post-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase). 16. 18. Ayesha Begum has three sons and two daughters. Her husband was a (a) —— (pre-modify the noun) farmer who used (b) —— (post-modify the verb by using infinitive) on other people’s land. With great effort they married (c) —— (use a pronoun) daughters off by the time they reached teenage. The sons also began (d) —— (use present participle to modify the verb) with their father as (e) —— (pre-modify the noun with a noun adjective) labourers when they were old enough to help. By the time they were seventeen, they left for towns (f) —— (use infinitive to post-modify the verb) money. At first they used to send money to their parents (g) —— (use an adverb to post-modify the verb) but after getting married they barely had enough to support their (h) —— (pre-modify the noun) families. Out of desperation, Ayesha Begum started (i) —— (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) in the village to feed her old, (j) —— (pre-modify the noun) husband and herself. 19. Once there lived a (a) —— (use a pre-modifier of the noun) woodcutter. But he was (b) —— (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) honest. He earned his livelihood by cutting wood and selling them in the market. One day while he was cutting wood near a pond, suddenly (c) —— (use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) axe slipped from his hand and fell into the water and soon it sank (d) —— (use a prepositional phrase). The woodcutter could not find any way to get back his axe. He sat by the side of the pond (e) —— (post-modify the verb with an adverb). He was thinking how he could cut wood without axe and maintain (f) —— (use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) family. Then a (g) —— (pre-modify the noun) incident took place. A (h) —— (use a pre-modifier of the noun) fairy was passing near the pond. She saw the woodcutter (i) —— (use a present participle to post-modify the verb) by the pond. She asked him with a sweet voice. “Why are you (j) —— (use an intensifier to premodify the adjective) sad? What happened to you?” 20.Road accident is a common phenomenon in (a) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country. It occurs almost every day. Consequently, people have to face (b) —— (premodify the noun) death. I saw a terrible road accident (c) —— (post-modify the verb). A Dhakabound bus (d) —— (pre-modify the verb) collided with a Chittagongbound bus in Comilla. (e) —— (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) died on the spot. (f) —— (use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) passengers (g) ——(use past participle to postmodify the noun) in the accident were immediately hospitalized. (h) —— (pre-modify the noun) scream was heard from every corner. (i) —— (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) road was covered with blood. The police surrounded the whole area. They were investigating the spot. I could not sleep (j) —— (post-modify the verb) last night. Modifier Worksheet-A Answer Answer: a) greatest, biggest, largest b) developing c) which d) his e) greatly, largely f) unemployment g) many h) to build, to set up i) government j) invested Answer: a) greatest b) English, world c) who told him d) narrating their prophecy, highlighting their prophecy e) the king of Scotland, the then king of Scotland f) to kill g) unwillingly, brutally, unkindly h) sleeping i) his j) that Answer: a) our b) international c) global d) fluently, properly, correctly e) the f) communication g) your h) skill, career, communication i) in the long run, in your future, in your life j) properly, correctly, fluently Answer: a) familiar, famous, well-known, important b) mostly, greatly, highly c) qualified, certified, skilled d) daily, everyday e) applying his own method, taking a small fee, taking no fee f) rich g) poorly h) serious, village, poor i) very j) poor Answer: a) great, rebel, secular, famous b) many, greatly, largely c) our national poet, a secular poet, our pride d) his e) to guide us, to protest all evils, to rebel against all evils f) very g) greatly, largely, mostly h) Bangla i) a j) in his writing, in his whole life, in his work. Answer: a) applying, making b) this c) acute d) mostly involved, largely involved, greatly involved e) taking, receiving, demanding f) to get g) quickly, epidemically, largely h) largely i) quickly, strictly j) applying, utilizing Answer: a) the first black president of South Africa b) that c) government, ruler d) all, many e) human, f) their g) badly, brutally, unkindly h) great i) this j) rising Answer: a) an agricultural country, a land of rivers, a riverine country, a land of South Asia b) some, poor, most c) early, immature d) very e) the f) child g) to work in all day long h) some i) street j) selling Answer: a) cunning, clever b) very c) in search of food, in order to get food d) very e) to lose hope f) mango, banyan g) sitting h) in its beak i) seeing it, watching the peace of meat j) that Answer: a) the b) to define c) always d) subjectively e) our f) its g) opposite, appreciating h) their i) all j) different Answer: a) very b) in search of c) to remove his hunger, to satisfy his hunger d) his e) in his beak f) the g) that h) nicely, sweetly i) then, at once j) to sing a song Answer: a) my best friend b) many c) main, fundamental d) this e) his f) early g) regularly, timely, daily h) single i) very j) bad Answer: a) the tiger of Bengal b) famous, great c) one d) in his room e) the f) at once, then g) these h) his i) some j) very Answer: a) healthy, nutritive, balanced b) to lead, to enjoy c) balanced d) fatal, many, serious, great e) regularly, easily f) our g) same h) taking, having, eating i) to maintain, to have, to manage j) a Answer: a) popular, common b) always c) well, plenty d) always e) tender, green f) plucking the leaves, collecting the leaves g) the, this h) healthy, serious i) to refresh our mind, to make us fresh j) for all ages people. Answer: a) pure, fresh, uncontaminated b) our c) to live d) polluted, contaminated e) many f) even g) sudden, pre-mature h) this i) public j) to stop, to control, to remove Answer: a) winter b) everywhere c) late d) warm e) to bake f) dangerous g) hardly h) to sit i) on the grasses j) to bake themselves Answer: a) poor, landless b) to cultivate, to work c) their d) working e) day f) to earn g) timely, monthly h) own i) to work, to beg j) sick, helpless Answer: a) poor b) very c) his d) down in the river e) sadly, helplessly, emotionally f) his g) strange h) water i) sitting, crying j) very Answer: a) our b) premature, untimely, sudden c) yesterday, last week d) greatly e) some, many f) those g) injured, wounded h) a i) the j) properly, peacefully, fully Modifiers Worksheet-5.0 HSC Examination -2019 all board questions 1. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Dhaka Board 2019] Arsenic is a (a)---(pre-modify the noun) substance. It is (b)---(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) dangerous for human health. (c)---(use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) substance is found in the water of the tube well. There are (d)---(use quantifier to pre-modify tie noun) villages in (e)---(use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country. Most of our (f)---(use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) people drink tube well water. As a result, many of them are suffering from the arsenic problem. This problem is (g)---(pre-modify the verb) found in North Bengal. We should take proper measures (h)---(post-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase). Government is trying to mark the tube wells having arsenic (i)---(use a participle to post modify the verb) red colour. People should be refrained from drinking water of (j) – (use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) tube wells. Otherwise, they will suffer from arsenicosis. 2. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Rajshahi Board 2019] Taking food is essential. We take food (a) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). We can not survive on earth if we do not take food. In fact (b) — (use a quantifier to pre-modify the noun phrase) living beings need to take food. But it is a matter of great regret that (c) (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) food is being adulterated. (d) — (use a noun-adjective to pre-modify the noun) adulteration is increasing (e) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adverb) alarmingly that we cannot stop it. (f) — (use a determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) dishonest businessmen use (g) – (pre-modify the noun) chemicals in food and fruits to make illegal and quick money. But they do not think about (h) – (use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) health. (i) — (use present participle) adulterated food, people get sick. They are often attacked with different fatal diseases. So (j) (use a gerund) food safety is a must today. 3. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Cumilla Board 2019] Newspaper plays a very (a) —- (pre-modify the noun) role in modern civilization. It publishes news and views of home and abroad. Only (b) – (pre-modify the noun) knowledge is not enough in this competitive world. A newspaper helps a man (c) – (post modify the verb with an infinitive) his general knowledge. Besides academic books, one should read newspapers (d) — (post modify the verb). The newspaper helps one (e) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) the facts of the world. (i) – (pre-modify the verb with a present participle phrase) regularly, one can be aware of everything. There are (g) – (pre-modify the noun) kinds of newspaper. One should select the newspaper (h) — (postmodify the verb). One should choose the (i) — (pre-modify the noun) paper because many newspapers present news partially. Whatever the paper is, it (j) – (pre-modify the verb) helps a man. 4. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Jashore Board 2019] Air and water are the most (a) — (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) elements of the environment. But we pollute them (b) – (post-modify the verb with an adverb). Mills and factories use fuel (c) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) their products. The burning of this fuel creates smoke (d) — (post-modify the verb with an adverbial). Motor vehicles also pollute the air, (e) – (use an appositive). Water is polluted by (f) – (pre-modify the noun with a quantifier) kinds of waste and filth. We pollute water (g – (post-modify the verb with present participle phrase) into water. Farmers use (h)---(pre modify the noun with an adjective) fertilizers and insecticides and pollute water. (i)---(pre-modify the noun with a past participle) water is (j)---(pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) harmful to health. 5. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Chattogram Board-2019] We can’t think of our existence without language. It plays a (a) — (use an intensifier) important role in our life. We use language from the time we wake up (b) — (post-modify the verb) till we go to bed at night. We use language not only in our (c) — (pre-modify the noun) hours but also in our dreams. We use language (d) – (use an infinitive) what we feel and to say what we like or dislike. We also use language (e) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) information. Language is (f) – (pre-modify the adjective) present in our life. It is an (g) – (pre-modify the noun) part of our life. As an (h) — (pre-modify the noun) nation, we also have a language. But we had to struggle (i) — (post-modify the verb) to establish the right of our language. Many (j) — (pre-modify the noun) sons sacrificed their lives for the language. 6. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Sylhet Board-2019] A library is a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) of knowledge. The students (b) — (use a participle) to all classes visit it in their library periods. Our college library is housed in two rooms. (c) — (pre-modify the noun) almirahs are placed in one room. The other room is the (d) – (use a participle to modify the noun) room where magazines, journals and newspapers are placed. There are about five thousand books in our library which are arranged (e) — (post-modify the verb). Any type of book can be traced in no time. The books cater to the needs and interests (f) — (use a prepositional phrase). There are two separate sections in the library. One of them contains reference books like (g) – (use nouns) etc. The other section contains books (h) — (use prepositional phrase). Every student has a library (i) —- (use a noun). The reading room is always crowded (j) — (post-modify the verb) in the afternoon. 7. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Barishal Board-2019] The roads (a)---(use an adjective phrase to post-modify the noun) are beset with problems. (b)---(pre-modify the noun) driving is one of them. Most of the drivers are not (c)--- (pre-modify the participle) trained. They are not well educated. They can (d)---(use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) put their signature and read Bengali. They are indifferent to (e) – (use a noun adjective) life. They do not realize that life is (f)---(use a determiner) valuable than time. They drive (g)---(postmodify the verb). They do (h)---(use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) drive consciously. Even they themselves are not conscious of (i)---(use a possessive) own lives. They drive (j)---(use an adverb phrase to post-modify the verb) and try to overtake others. 8. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Dinajpur Board-2019] Bangladesh is a (a) – (pre-modify the noun) country. Though it is a small country, it has a (b)---(pre-modify the noun) population. People (c)---(pre-modify the verb with an adverb) depend on agriculture. They grow different kinds of crops (d) — (post-modify the verb with an adverbial phrase). We earn (e) — (pre-modify the noun with a noun-adjective) currencies by exporting some of these crops. We are also rich in (f)--- (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) resources. Now, we are able (g)---(post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) natural gas from underground. Our industries are also rising (h) — (post-modify the verb with an adverb). We export (i)---(pre-modify the noun with a noun-adjective) products to the developed countries. In this regard, we have already earned a (j)---(pre-modify the noun) reputation. HSC Examination -2018 all board questions 9. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Combined Board Kh set-2018] Television has become the most common and (a)---(pre-modify the noun) source of entertainment of the (b) – (pre-modify the noun) world. A wide range of programs of (c)---(pre-modify the adjective) interest is telecast on (d)---(use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) channels. Almost every middle class and even working-class families have a television set today. (e)---(use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) programs are (f)---(pre-modify the adjective) entertaining. They can be (g) – (pre-modify the adjective) educative too. Courses (h)---(post modify the noun) by the Open University are shown on BTV. (i)---(pre-modify the noun) channels like the Discovery Channel and the National Geographic Channel telecast highly informative programs. However, watching TV has become (j)--- (use an article) addiction for many. 10. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Combined Board Kha set-2018;Sylhet Board-2017] Kazi Nazrul Islam is called the Shelley of Bengali Literature. He was a (a)---(pre-modify the noun) poet. He wrote (b)---(post-modify the verb) in every branch of Bengali Literature. Nazrul, (c)--- (use an appositive), won the attention of everyone in his early childhood. He wrote ceaselessly until the death of (d)---(use possessive pronoun) poetic flair. He composed his songs (e)---(use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). His songs are (f)---(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) melodious. He enriched the Bengali Literature (g)---(use an adverb to pre-modify the verb). His literary works have enriched (h)---(use a noun adjective) literature. He was (i)---(use an article) secular poet. He sang the songs of equality (j )--- (use an adverbial phrase). HSC Examination -2017 all board questions 11. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Dhaka Board-2017] Deforestation means cutting down of trees (a) – (post-modify the verb). To meet up the basic needs of food and housing, trees are being cut in large scale and thus it causes (b) —- (pre-modify the noun) imbalance. Besides, there are some dishonest people who cut trees in our forest (c) —- (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). The (d) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) level is ‘rising and many parts of the world are going to be engulfed by the sea in near future. New areas of the world are (e) — (use a participle to pre-modify the verb) turned into desert as a result of deforestation. So, we must stop (f) — (use a participle to post-modify the verb) down trees unnecessarily. (g) – (use a participle to pre-modify the noun) trees indiscriminately will be hazardous for our future existence. If we destroy trees (h) – (use an adverbial phrase to postmodify the verb) one day the country will turn into a great dessert. The (i) —- (use a participle to pre modify the noun) temperature will cause the greenhouse effect. Necessary measures should be taken (j) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) 12. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Rajshahi Board 2017] Ayesha Begum has three sons and two daughters. Her husband was a (a)---(pre-modify the noun) farmer who used (b) — (post-modify the verb by using infinitive) on other people’s land. With great effort, they married (c) — (use a pronoun) daughters off by the time they reached teenage. The sons also started (d) —- (use a present participle to modify the verb) with their father as (e) – (pre-modify the noun) labourers when they were old enough to help. By the time they were seventeen, they left for towns (f)--- (use the infinitive to post-modify the verb) money. At first, they used to send money to their parents (g) – (use an adverb to post-modify the verb) but after getting married they barely had enough to support their (h) – (pre-modify the noun) families. Out of desperation; Ayesha Begum started (i) — (post-modify the verb) in the village to feed her old, (j)--- (pre-modify the noun) husband and herself. 13. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Cumilla Board 2017] A balanced diet is a good mixture of (a) —- (pre-modify the noun) foods. It is essential for us (b) – (post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) a healthy life. There are many benefits of eating a (c) – (pre-modify the noun) diet because it prevents (d) — (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) diseases. As a result we do not get sick (e)---(post-modify the verb with an adverb). We should select (f)--- (pre-modify the noun with possessive) diet according to our needs. We should not eat the (g)---(use adjective to pre-modify the noun) foods for the whole week. We can keep fit (h) – (use a participle) a balanced diet. But it is not easy (i)---(post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) a balanced diet. Here (j) — (use a determiner) nutritionist can help us. 14. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Jashore Board-2017; Barishal Board-2016] A village doctor is a very (a) —- (pre-modify the noun) person in the rural areas of Bangladesh. He is (b) — (pre-modify the verb) known as quack. A village doctor is not a (c) – (pre-modify the noun) doctor. He usually sits in a small dispensary (d) — (post-modify the verb). He treats the patients (e) – (use a participle phrase to post-modify the verb). A village doctor is not a (f) —- (pre-modify the noun) man. His chamber is (g) — (pre-modify the verb) furnished. He cannot supply costly medicine to (h) —- (pre-modify the noun) patients. In our country, the number of qualified doctors is (i) (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) few. So, a village doctor is a great friend to the (j). (pre-modify the noun) villagers. 15. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Chattogram Board-2017] The people of Bangladesh have expressed their shock (a)---(post-modify the verb) at the reaction of the Pakistan Parliament. Pakistan strongly protested the execution of two (b)--- (pre-modify the noun) collaborators who committed crimes against humanity on their own people in 1971. There is a demand for an apology from (c)---(use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) government for the crimes of its army during the liberation war of Bangladesh. Recently Pakistan’s National Assembly may be within its rights (d)---(use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) for the execution of two collaborators. But it is quite clear to us that Pakistan always tries to erase its past history. To erase (e)---(use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) history is not easy because history continues to follow all of us. Pakistan, (j)---(post-modify the noun with an appositive), cannot come out of its military influence. As a result, the country has become (g)---(use an intensifier to premodify the adjective) barbarous. So, Pakistan is going down (h)--- (use an adverb to post-modify the verb). The founder of Pakistan Mr Jinnah was physically (i)---(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) weak and so, the state always tried to show its physical strength since (j)--- (use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) birth. 16. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Barishal Board-2017] Raja, (a)--- (post-modify the noun with an appositive), is known to his classmates as a good student. He has (b)---(use a quantifier to pre-modify the noun) good qualities. He knows that the (c)--- (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) duty of a student is to study and he never neglects (d)---(use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) duty. He prepares (e)---(use possessive to pre-modify the noun) lessons regularly. He maintains discipline. He knows the value of time. He gets up (f)---(post-modify the verb with an adverb) so that he can get enough time to study. He goes to school (g)--- (post-modify the verb with an adverb). He never wastes a (h)---(use determiner to pre-modify the noun) moment in vain. Raja is (i)---(pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) gentle. He always obeys his parents and teachers. He never mixes with (j)---(pre-modify the noun) boys. A student like Raja is a great asset of a nation. 17. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Dinajpur Board-2017] Sabbir is (a)--- (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) ideal student. He prepares (b) (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) lessons in collaboration with his teachers. He does (c)---(post-modify the verb) in every examination as he does not waste time. He knows time once lost is lost forever. So, he utilizes every moment. During his free time, he goes to his native village. He teaches (d)---(pre-modify the noun) people. He wants (e)---(use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) illiteracy from his village. (f)--- (use a present participle to pre-modify the verb) illiteracy from his village, he wants to bring about massive development there. He is (g)---(use an intensifier to premodify the adjective) devoted to God. He says prayer (h)---(use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) times a day. He never tells a lie. He respects his parents very much. Other superiors are also respected by him. His father, (i)---(post-modify the noun phrase with an appositive) supports him cordially. His mother, an ideal housewife, (j)---(pre-modify the verb) supports him very much. Such a student like Sabbir is rarely found nowadays. HSC Examination -2016 all board questions 18. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Dhaka Board-2016] Rabindranath Tagore was a (a)--- (pre-modify the noun) poet of Bengali literature. He was born in a (b)--- (pre-modify the noun) family at Jarasanko, Kolkata. He went to school (c)--- (post-modify the verb). He wrote his (d)---(pre-modify the noun) verse at the age of eight. At the age of seventeen, he went to London (e)--- (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) school there. He was put up in a lodging house under the care of a (f)---(pre-modify the noun) coach, Mr Scott. He was lucky (g)---(post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) an English family of Mr Scott. He also visited the House of Parliament (h)--- (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) Gladstone and John Bright’s debates on Irish rule. He wrote letters to Kolkata (i)---(post-modify the verb with a present participle) English society. At this, his family thought that they might lose their son (j)--- (postmodify the verb). So, he was called back to Kolkata. 19. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Rajshahi Board 2016] It was a hot (a) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) day. A (b) – (pre-modify the noun) crow flew all over the fields looking for water. For a long time, she could not find any water. She felt (c)---(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) weak, almost giving up hope. Suddenly, she saw a water jug below her. She flew (d) – (post-modify the verb) to see if there was any water inside. Yes, she could see some water inside the jug. The crow tried (e)--- (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). Sadly, she found that the neck of the jug was too narrow. Then she tried to push the jug down for the water to flow out. But she found (f)---(use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) jug too heavy. The Crow thought (g)---(use a phrase to post-modify the verb) what to do. (h)---(use a participle to pre-modify the verb), she saw some pebbles nearby. She (i)---(pre modify the verb) had a good idea. She started picking up the pebbles one by one, dropping each into the jug. As more and more pebbles filled the jug, the water level kept rising. Soon it was high (j)---(post-modify the adjective) for the crow to drink. The crow quenched her thirst and flew away. 20. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Cumilla Board 2016] I had a peculiar experience (a)---(Post-modify the verb) while travelling to St. Martin’s Island. visited the island along with my family. Zahid, (b)--- (Post-modify the noun with an appositive), was our guide. On our way to the island, we watched (c)--- (use a determiner to pre-modify the noun) seagulls. The (d)---(pre-modify the noun) birds were flying (e)---(post-modify the verb) with the ship. They became (f)---(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) dear and friendly to us. We entertained them with chips and biscuits. (g)---them (use a present participle to pre-modify the verb), we became (h)---(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) excited. We decided (i)---(use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) in the idyllic island for a couple of days. We can never forget (j)---(use a demonstrative to pre-modify the adjective phrase) lovely sea birds. 21. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Jashore Board-2016] Most of the people in (a)---(use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country do not know the importance of English. In fact, it is an (b)---(use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) language and we are living in a (c) – (pre-modify the noun) village. So, if you know English (d)---(post- modify the verb with an adverb), you can communicate with (e)--- (use the article to pre-modify the noun phrase) rest of the world. It is surely an important element of your (f)---(use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) skill. Without the knowledge of English with proper understanding, you cannot complete (g) – (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) higher studies because most of the books are written in English in the process of higher education. Poor knowledge of English will also hamper your (h) – (use a noun-adjective) development. In short, if you do not have a good command of English, you will suffer (i)--- (post-modify the verb with prepositional phrase/ Adverbial) of your life. So, don’t waste your time and try to learn English (j)---(post-modify the verb with an adverb) from today. 22. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Chattogram Board-2016] Once there lived a (a)--- (pre-modify noun) fox in a jungle. One day, while he was walking (b) – (post-modify the verb) through the jungle, he fell into a trap and lost his tail. He felt (c)---(pre modify the adjective) unhappy and sad. But the fox was very cunning. He hit upon a plan. He invited all the foxes (d)---(post modify the verb with an infinitive) to a meeting. When all the foxes arrived, the fox without a tail said, “My dear friends, listen to me, please, I have discovered a (e)---(pre modify the noun) thing. It is that our tails are (f)---(pre-modify the adjective) useless. They look ugly and dirty. So, we all should cut off our tails, shouldn’t we?” All foxes listened to the cunning fox (g)--- (post-modify the verb). Most of them agreed (h)---(post-modify the verb with an infinitive) their tails. But an old and (i)---(pre-modify the noun) fox said to him, “My friend, your plan is nice but evil. Actually, you want to cut off our tails because you have (j)---(pre-modify the noun with a determiner) tail of your own.” 23. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Sylhet Board-2016] Othello, (a)---(use an appositive to post-modify the noun), had risen to become a general. He had shown his bravery in many (b)---(use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) battles against the Turks. Everyone praised him (c)--- (use an adverb to post-modify the verb) and the senate trusted and honoured him. Brabantio, a rich senator of Venice had a daughter named Desdemona (d)---(use a relative clause to post-modify the noun). Brabantio (e)---(use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) invited Othello to his house where he and his daughter listened in wonder to Othello as he spoke about his adventures. He told them of deserts, of caves and of mountains high (f)---(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) to touch the sky. Desdemona had to weep (g)---(use a present participle to post-modify the verb phrase) and she never became tired of listening to it. She pitied Othello (h)---(use an adverb to post-modify the verb) for the misfortunes and hardships of his life. Her pity (i)---(use an adverb to post-modify the verb) turned to love. She refused all the young men (j)---(use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) because she loved Othello, a noble Muslim Moor from North Africa. 24. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. [Dinajpur Board-2016] Water is a (a)---(pre-modify the noun) substance. It has no colour of (b)--- (possessive to pre modify) own. The (c) (determiner to pre-modify the noun) name of water is life. By drinking water, we can quench (d)---(possessive to pre-modify the noun) thirst. Thus we can survive on earth. But (e)---(pre-modify the noun) water is life killing. By drinking contaminated water, we suffer from diseases like diarrhoea, typhoid etc. We may (f)---(pre-modify the verb) face (g) (pre-modify the noun) death by drinking such type of water. We are responsible for (h)---(noun adjective to pre modify the noun) pollution. Waste materials from mills and factories are thrown here and there. Farmers use fertilizers and insecticides on their land. During the rainy season, they are mixed with ponds and rivers. Besides, latrines (i) – (participle to post-modify the noun) on ponds and rivers cause water pollution. (j)---(pre-modify the noun) awareness should be raised to stop water pollution. Modifiers Worksheet-5.1 1. Load-shedding, (a) — (Post modify the noun with an appositive), means intentional stopping of the supply of electricity in a (b) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) area for a certain period of time. It occurs when (c) — (Use article to pre-modify the noun) generation of power is less than the demand. Load shedding hampers our (d) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) household activities. Students cannot prepare (e) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) lessons and idle away their time. Parents suffer (f) — (Post-modify the verb with an adverb) because of load shedding. In fact, load shedding hampers the smooth (g) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) development of a country. In order to solve the problem, we should try (h) — (Use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) more electricity through government and (i) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) initiatives. An all-out effort can solve (j) — (Use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) problem. 2. A village doctor is a (a|) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) familiar person in the rural areas of Bangladesh. He is (b) —- (pre-modify the verb) known as a quack. A village doctor is not a (c) — (pre-modify the noun) doctor. He (d) — (pre-modify the verb) sits in a small dispensary in the morning and evening. He treats the patients (e) — (use a participle to post-modify the verb) small fees. A village doctor is not a (f) —- (pre-modify the noun) man. His chamber is (g) — (pre-modify the verb) furnished. He cannot supply costly medicines to the (h) — (pre-modify the noun) patients. In our country, the number of qualified doctors is (i) —- (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) few. So, a village doctor is a great friend to the (j) —- (pre-modify the noun) people. 3. Nelson Mandela, (a) — (post-modify the noun with an appositive), is one of the greatest leaders of the world. During (b) — (use article to pre-modify the noun) time of Mandela, the Europeans were separated from the no-Europeans. It was a (c) — (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) policy of racial segregation. The blacks were subjected to (d) — (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) sorts of indignities. They were denied all basic (e) — (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) rights. They were in fact aliens in (f) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun phrase) own country. The blacks were also treated (g) — (use an adverb to post-modify the verb). Even dogs received a much better treatment than the blacks. The (h) — (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice. Unfortunately, (i) —- (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) great man was thrown behind the prison bars. But the oppressive rulers could not break his sprit. All his life he struggled against apartheid. Eventually, the great leader fulfilled the goal of liberating (j) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) people. 4. 21st February, (a) — (use an appositive to post-modify the noun), in our history is now observed as the International Mother Language Day all over the world. On this day, people of our country get up (b) — (post-modify the verb) in the morning remembering the memory of the martyrs. They walk (c) — (post-modify the verb) to the Sheed Minar. Most of them put on (d) — (pre-modify the noun) badges on their shoulder. They go to the Shaheed Minar (e) — (use a participle) the most cherished song “Amar vaiyer rokte rangano —” They pay homage and tribute to the memory of the martyrs. Offering the flowers, the pray for the (f) — (use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) souls. They also gather in mosques, temples and other (g) — (pre-modify the noun) institutions and pray for the salvation of the martyr’s (h) — (pre-modify the noun) soul. Different social and cultural organizations arrange (i) — (pre-modify the noun) programs on (j) — (use a demonstrative) day. 5. One day Robert Bruce, (a) — (post-modify the noun with appositive), was lying in the cave. He was thinking of (b) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) misfortune. He thought that he would not be able (c) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify, the verb). Suddenly, he saw a spider (d) — (post-modify the verb with a prepositional/an adverbial of place). The spider was trying to reach (e) — (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) ceiling of the cave. It almost got to the point (f) — (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) times, but fell down at the last moment. It did not lose hope. It was trying (g) — (post-modify the verb with an adverbial). On the seventh attempt it reached the ceiling. Robert Bruce became very much amazed (h) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) the success of the spider. He felt encouraged and came out of the cave and began to gather soldiers again. He remembered the small spider and prepared (i) — (post modify the verb with an adverb) for the battle. He fought hard with the English and (j) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) time, he came out successful. Strong will and perseverance made Robert Bruce the king of Scotland again. 6. Bangladesh (a) — (Post-modify the noun with an appositive), has a huge population. Most people here live below the (b) — (Use noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) line and can’t therefore afford to educate (c) — (Use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) children. Many poor children either drop out of school after just a (d) — (Use a quantifier to pre-modify the noun) years or simply do not go to school at all. Despite this situation, we have far too many students (e) — (Use infinitive to post-modify the verb) compared to the number of institutions available. Bangladesh needs (f) — (Use a determiner to pre-modify the noun) schools, colleges and universities to provide for the (g) — (Pre-modify the noun with a present participle) number of students. But the government cannot fund the (h) — (Pre-modify the noun) number of educational institutions. At present every educational institution is over-crowded and class size is (i) — (Pre-modify the adjective) large. Students do not get a (j) — (Pre-modify the noun) education for lack of facilities. 7. Nobel Prize is awarded for (a) — (pre-modify the noun) contributions to different fields. It is awarded in (b) — (pre-modify the noun) fields. It is the world’s most (c) — (pre-modify the noun) prize. If the recipients are more than one, the prize money is divided (d) — (post-modify the verb) among them. Alfred Nobel founded the Nobel Prize. He earned a lot of money (e) — (pot-modify the verb with a present participle phrase). For this (f) — (pre-modify the noun) invention he became famous. His name and fame spread (g) — (post-modify the verb). There is a Nobel committee (h) — (post-modify the noun with an infinitive) the right person for award. The winners of Nobel Prize are treated with (i) — (pre-modify the noun) respect. The world will always remember Alfred Nobel for his (j) — (pre-modify the noun) contribution. 8. Books are (a) — (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) essential for us. They help us (b) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) knowledge. (c) — (pre-modify the verb with a present participle) books, we can know everything. They show us the (d) — (pre-modify the noun) way. Books can be our (e) — (pre-modify the noun) friends. They help us (f) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) our mind. They improve our (g) — (pre-modify the noun) power. They give us solace to our (h) — (pre-modify the noun|) mind. Besides reading (i) — (pre-modify the noun) books, students should read other books. If they read other books, they will be able to know everything (j) — (post modify the verb). 9. Rabindranath Tagore was a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) poet of Bengali literature. He was born in a (b)——(pre-modify the noun) family at Jarasanko, Kolkata. He went to school(c) — (post modify the verb). He wrote his (d) — (pre modify the noun) verse at the age of eight. At the age of seventeen, he went to London (e) — (post modify the verb with infinitive) school there. He was put up in lodging house under the care of a (f) — (pre modify the noun) coach, Mr. Scott. He was lucky (g) —— (post modify the adjective with infinitive) an English family of Mr. Scott. He also visited the House of parliament (h) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) Gladstone and John Bright’s debates on Irish rule. He wrote letters to Kolkata (i) — (post modify the verb with a present participle) English society. At this, his family thought that they might lose their son (j) — (post modify the verb). So, he was called back to Kolkata. 10. Macbeth was the General of Scotland. He fought (a) — (post modify the verb) and won the battle. While he was returning to the castle, he saw three witches (b) — (post modify the noun with a present participle) about him. He came (c) — (post modify the noun with an infinitive) from the witches that he would be the king of Scotland. He became (d) — (pre modify the adjective with an intensifier) ambitious. His wife also wanted Macbeth (e) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) the king. She was a very (f) — (pre modify the noun) woman. So she began (g) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) Macbeth. Then they both plotted to kill Duncan, (h) — (post modify the noun with an appositive). They planned (i) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) Duncan when he would come to stay with them in their castle (j) — (pre-modify the verb with a present participle) a knife. Macbeth entered the room of Duncan and killed him. 11. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed. Smoking is (a)---(use determiner) very bad habit. It is (b) ---(use adverb) dangerous habit. It affects the smoker (c) ---(Modify the adverb) dangerously. It causes (d) ---(use quantifier) fatal diseases in (e) ---(use possessive) body. Nicotine of tobacco (f) ---(pre-modify the verb) disturbs (g) ---(use noun adjective) circulation through veins. It also hampers the supply of oxygen in the body and damages the lungs (h) --- (use prepositional phrase). Smoking irritates eyes, offends the nose and unsettles the minds, causes cough in the (i) ---(modify the noun) age of the smoker. (j) ---(pre-modify the noun) smokers sometimes cause various social evils. 12. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. Afforestation is the (a)---(use an intensifier to per-modify the adjective) beneficial program to us. We all know about (b) ---(use a determiner) harmful effects of deforestation. Deforestation (c) ---(use a relative clause to post-modify the noun) is one of the causes of global warming. Not only that, it has (d) ---(use a quantifier to pre-modify the noun) negative impacts on our daily life. Deforestation has caused the extinction of various (e)---(pre-modify the noun) animals. On the other hand, afforestation has a (f) ---(pre-modify the noun) impact on human life, animals and environment. In Bangladesh, tree plantation programme is conducted by both the government and private firms. (g) ---(use a possessive) Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest in the world. (h) ---(use an infinitive phrase), public awareness is also important. We all know that trees, (i) ---(use an appositive), provide us with food shelter, oxygen, timber etc. They also protect us from different (j) ---(pre-modify the noun) calamities. 13. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. The room (a)--- (use a participle phrase to post-modify the noun) is called a reading room. Since 1 am a student, I have a (b) ---(pre-modify the noun) reading room of my own. It is a big room (c) ---(use a relative clause to post-modify the noun). There are two doors and two spacious windows. Sunlight can (d) ---(premodify the verb) enter (e) --- (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) room. There are a table, a chair and a (f) ---(use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) shelf in my reading room. There is also a table clock (g) ---(use a prepositional phrase to post-modify the noun). The books are (h) ---(pre-modify the adjective) arranged. I do not allow anyone to enter my room during my studies. I feel (i) ---(post-modify the verb) in my reading room. Sometimes, Rana, (j) ---(post-modify the noun with an appositive), studies in my room. 14. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. One day Robert Bruce, (a)--- (post- modify the noun with an appositive), was lying in the cave. He was thinking of (f) --- (Use possessive to pre- modify the noun) misfortune. He thought that he would not be able (c) ---(Use an infinitive phrase to modify the verb). Suddenly he saw a spider (d) --- (post -modify the verb with a prepositional phrase/an adverbial of place). The spider was trying to reach (e) ---(Use article to pre-modify the noun) ceiling of the cave. It almost got to the point (f) ---(Use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) time, but fell down at the last moment. It did not lose hope. It was trying (g)---(post –modify the verb with an adverb). On the seventh attempt it reached the ceiling. Robert Bruce became very much amazed (h)---(Use an infinitive phrase to post –modify the verb) the success of the spider. He felt encouraged and came out of the cave and began to gather soldiers again. He remembered the small spider and prepared (i)---(post –modify the verb with an adverb) for the battle. He fought hard with the English and (j)---(Use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) time, he came out successful. Strong will and perseverance made Robert Bruce the king of Scotland again. 15. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. Socrates, (a) ---(post-modify the noun with an appositive), believed that an angry man was more of a beast than a (b)---(Use adjective to pre-modify the noun) being. His wife used to lose (c) ---(Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) temper in the slightest excuse. She tried her utmost (d)--- (Use an infinitive phrase to post –modify the non phrase) Socrates. (e) ---(Use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) day the woman became more furious than ever. She began to insult (f) ---(Use article to pre- modify the noun) great scholar of Gerard. Socrates went (g)--- (post-modify the verb an adverbial of place). He sat on the (h)---(Use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) step of his residence looking out on the path street. The wife found that (i) ---- (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) husband was not paying the least heed to her word. She went up to him with a bucket full of water and suddenly she poured much water over him. He (j)---(Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) remarked. “I am expecting this. After thunder, comes rain.” 16. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. Nelson Mandela (a).... (use an appositive to modify noun) guided South Africa to a (b).... (modify noun) democracy as (c).... (modify noun) icon of peace and reconciliation, who came to embody the struggle for justice. Imprisoned for nearly (d).... (use quantifier to modify noun) decades for his fight against white minority Rule. Mandela (e).... (pre-modify the verb) lost his resolve to fight for (f).... (use possessive to modify noun) emancipation. He was determined to avoid (g).... (modify noun) war. (h).... (modify noun with possessive) prestige and charisma helped him win in the world support. “I hate (i).... (use noun adjective) discrimination (j).... (use intensifier) intensely and in all its manifestations.” Read the following text carefully and use suitable modifiers in the blank spaces. 17. Computer is an advanced (a) — (use adjective as premodifier) device that takes raw data as input (b) — (use prepositional phrase as postmodifier) and processes these data under the control of set of instructions (c) — (use past participle as premodifier) program and gives the result named output and saves output (d) — (use prepositional phrase as postmodifier). It can process both numerical and non-numerical calculations. A computer has (e) — (use cardinal adjective as premodifier) functions : it accepts data, processes data, produces, output and stores results. Input is the raw information (f) — (use present participle) into a computer from the input devices. It is the collection of letters, numbers, images etc. Process is the operation of data as per (g) — (use past participle phrase as postmodifier). It is totally internal process of the (h) — (use noun as premodifier) system. Output is the processed data (i) — (use past participle phrase as postmodifier) after data processing. Output is also called result. We can save (j) — (use demonstrative adjective as premodifier) results in the storage devices for future use. 18. The first and (a) — (Premodify the noun) duty in student life is (b) — (postmodify using infinitive). A student should remember that knowledge is power. He should read not only his (c) — (premodify the noun using past participle) books but also the books of (d) — (premodify the noun using adjective) writers in (e) — (premodify the noun using adjective) branches of studies. He has also to read newspapers, journals and magazines and widen (f) — (premodify the noun using possessive adjective) outlook. He has to fix his aim of life and equip himself for (g) — (premodify the noun using demonstrative adjective) profession. He should keep (h) — (postmodify using prepositional phrase) that the students of today are the (i) (premodify the noun using adjective) leaders of the nation. Therefore, a student should not waste (j) — (premodify the noun using possessive adjective) time, energies and faculties in matters other than education and learning. 19. Once a farmer had a goose. It used to lay a (a) — pre-modify the noun) egg every day. The farmer used to sell them (b) — (post-modify the verb). He was happy (c) — (post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) every day. But his wife was a (d) — (pre-modify the noun) woman. She wanted (e) – (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) all egg together. Then she would be a rich woman (f) — (post-modify the verb). She cut the belly of the goose (g) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) her greed. (h) — (pre-modify the verb with present participle) of the goose, she found no egg there. She became (i) — (pre-modify the adjective with adverb) disappointed and lost the goose forever. She realized that it was her greed that brought her (j) — (pre-modify the noun) luck. 20. I had gathered a peculiar experience (a) — (post modify the verb) while travelling to St. Martin’s Island. I visited the island along with my family. Zahid, (b) — (post modify the noun with an appositive) was my guide. On the way to the island, we watched (c) — (demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) sea gulls. The (d) — (pre-modify the noun) birds were flying (e) — (post-modify the verb) with the ship. They became (f) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) dear and friendly to us. We entertained them with biscuits; (g) — them (use a present participle to pre-modify the verb) we became (h) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) excited. We decided (i) — (use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb) in the idyllic island for a couple of days. We can never forget (j) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the adjective phrase to post modify the verb) lovely sea birds. 21. Language plays a (a) — (pre-modify the adjective with an adverb) important role in our life. We use language from the time we wake up (b) — (post-modify the verb with an adverbial phrase) till we go to bed at night. We use language not only in our waking hours but also in our (c) — (use noun as a post-modifier). We use language (d) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) what we feel and to say what we like or dislike. We also use language (e) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) information. Language is (f) — (pre-modify the adjective with an adverb) present in our activities. It is an (g) — (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) part of our life. As an (h) — (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) nation we also have a language. But we used to struggle (i) — (post-modify the verb with an adverb) to establish the right to our language. Many (j) — (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) sons sacrificed their live for the language. 22. Education (a) — (use appositive to post-modify the noun) is essential for development. We can improve (b) — (possessive to pre-modify the noun) mind. An (c) — (adjective to pre-modify the noun) person has the ability (d) — (infinitive phrase). One can refine one’s sensibility (e) — (present participle phrase). Actually, the educated are able to bring about (f) — (pre-modify the noun) development. On the other hand, an (g) —(pre-modify the noun with adjective) person (h) — (adverb to pre-modify the verb) lag behind. So, the educated should come forward (i) — (prepositional phrase) to educate all in the society to unload (j) — (use determiner) owes to the country. 23. Once upon a time a (a) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) fox was roaming in search of food (b) — (Post-modify the verb with adverbial). He looked, but could not find anything (c) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). He was feeling very weak and tired due to hunger. (d) — (Pre-modify the verb with adverb) he saw a garden at a distance. He went there without (e) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun) number of grape vines laden with bunch of grapes. (f) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun phrase) grapes looked quite ripe and juicy. The fox looked at the grapes with longing eyes and licked (g) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) chops. The grapes were in a place too high for him. The fox tried (h) — (Post-modify the verb with adverbial). But he failed (i) — (Use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). Therefore, he walked away in despair. 24. Bangladesh is a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) country but has a (b) —— (pre-modify the noun) population. Most people here live below the (c) — (Use noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) line and can’t therefore afford to educate their children. Many poor children either drop out of school (d) — (post-modify the verb with a phrase) or (e) —— (pre-modify the verb) simply do not go to school at all. Despite this situation, we have far too many students (f) — (Use infinitive to post-modify the verb) compared to the number of institutions (g) —— (post-modify the noun). Bangladesh needs more schools, colleges and universities to provide for the (h) — (Pre-modify the noun with a present participle) number of students. But owing to financial and resource constrains, the government cannot fund the (h) — (Pre-modify the noun) number of educational institutions. At present, there is hardly any educational institution (j) —— (post-modify the nun with adjective clause). 25. One hot (a) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) day an ant was searching for some water. After walking for some time she came to a (b) —- (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) spring. To reach the spring she had to climb up a blade of grass. While climbing the blade of (c) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) grass, she slipped and fell into water. A dove from a mango tree saw this incident. (d) — (use a present participle phrase to pre-modify the verb), the dove quickly plucked off a leaf and dropped it into the water near the (e) — (use a present participle to pre-modify the noun) ant. The ant moved towards the leaf and climbed up there. Soon it carried her (f) — (use an adverb to post modify the verb) to the dry ground. Just at that time the ant saw a hunter standing (g) —- (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) close to her. When the hunter was aiming an arrow at the dove, the ant decided (h) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). She went (i) — (use an adverb to post-modify the verb) towards the hunter and gave him a severe bite. The hunter crying out in pain missed the target. Seeing this, the dove flew away (j) — (use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) her life. 26. Othello, (a) — (use an appositive to post modify the noun) had risen to become a general. He had shown his bravery in many (b) — (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) battles against the Turks. Every one praised him (c) — (use adverb to post modify the verb) and the senate trusted and honoured him. Brabantio, a rich senator of Venice had a daughter named Desdemona (d) — (use a relative clause to post modify the noun). Brabantio (e) — (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) invited Othello to his house where he and his daughter listened in wonder to Othello as he spoke about his adventures. He told them of deserts, of caves and of mountains high (f) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) to touch the sky. Desdemona had to weep (g) — (use present participle to post modify the verb phrase) and she never became tired of listening to it. She pitied Othello (h) — (use an adverb to post modify the verb) for the misfortune and hardships of his life. Her pity (i) — (use an adverb to post modify the verb) turned to love. She refused all the young men (j) — (use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) because she loved Othello, a noble Muslim Moor from North Africa. 27. The newspaper (a) — (post-modify the noun with an appositive) is a printed record of current event. It gives us (b) — (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) important news of home and abroad. In a word, the newspaper is like (c) — (use article to pre-modify the noun) mirror of the world. The newspaper was first introduced in China. The “Indian Gazette” was the (d) — (use determiner to pre-modify phrase) newspaper of the subcontinent. The Samachar Darpon was first (e) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun newspaper. A newspaper is (f) — (use an adverb to modify the adjective) useful to us. We cannot think of (g) — (use possessive to modify the noun) morning without it. (h)— (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) people have different taste. So, a newspaper supplies us with (i) — (use a determiner to modify the noun) sort of news. We all should read newspaper (j) — (post modify the verb with adverb). 28. Rabindranath Tagore, (a) — (Post-modify the noun with an appositive) was born in 1861 in a (b) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) family at Jorasako in Kolkata. He was (c) — (Use article to pre- modify the noun phrase) fourteenth child of Devendranath and Sarada Devi Tagore. He went to school (d) — (Post-modify the verb with an adverbial of time) and wrote his (e) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun) verse at the age of eight. At the age of seventeen, in 1878 he reached London (f) —— (use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb). He gathered (g) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun) experience from his stay in London. (h) — (Use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) experience had a lasting effect on his later life. In 1880, Rabindranath returned home without (i) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun) qualifications of distinction. However, he never gave up (j) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) habit of writing poetry. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913 for his Gitanjali. Modifiers Worksheet-5.2 Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces:- 1. The people of Bangladesh have expressed their shock (a) ––– (post-modify the verb) at the reaction of the Pakistan Parliament. Pakistan strongly protested the execution of two (b) ––– (pre-modify the noun) collaborators who committed crimes against humanity on their own people in 1971. There is a demand for apology from (c) ––– (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) government for the crimes of its army during the liberation war of Bangladesh. Recently Pakistan’s National Assembly maybe within its rights (d) ––– (use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb) for the execution of two collaborators. But it is quite clear to us that Pakistan always tries to erase its past history. To erase (e) ––– (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) history is not easy because history continues to follow all of us. Pakistan, (f) ––– (post-modify the noun with an appositive), cannot come out of its military influence. As a result, the country has become (g) ––– (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) barbarous. So, Pakistan is going down (h)(use an adverb to post-modify the verb). The founder of Pakistan Mr. Jinnah was physically (i) ––– (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) weak and so, the state always tried to show its physical strength since (j) ––– (use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) birth. 2. Raja, (a) ––– (post-modify the noun with an appositive), is known his classmates as a good student. He has (b) ––– (use a quantifier to pre-modify to noun) good qualities. He knows that the (c) ––– (use an adjective to pre modify the noun) duty of a student is to study and he never neglects (d) ––– (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) duty. He prepares (e) ––– (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) lesson regularly. He maintains discipline. He knows the value of time. He gets up (f) ––– (post-modify the verb with an adverb) so that he can get enough time to study. He goes to school (g) ––– (post-modify the verb with an adverb). He never wastes a (h) ––– (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) moment in vain. Raja is (i) ––– (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) gentle. He always obeys his parents and teachers. He never mixes with (j) ––– (pre-modify the noun) boys. A student like Raja is a great asset of a nation. 3. Rabiul is (a) ––– (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) ideal student. He prepares (b) ––– (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) lessons in collaboration with his teachers. He does (c) ––– (post-modify the verb) in every examination as he does not waste time. He knows time once lost is lost forever. So, he utilizes every moment. During his free time, he goes to his native village. He teaches (d) ––– (pre-modify the noun) people. He wants (e) ––– (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) illiteracy from his village. (f) ––– (use present participle to pre-modify the verb) illiteracy form his village, he wants to bring about massive development there. He is (g) ––– (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) devoted to God. He says his prayer (h) ––– (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) times a day. He never tells a lie. He respects his parents very much. Other superiors are also respected by him. His father, (i) ––– (post-modify the noun phrase with an appositive) supports him cordially. His mother, an ideal housewife (j) ––– (pre-modify the verb) supports him very much. Such a student like Subbir is rarely found nowadays. 4. Rabindranath Tagore was a (a) ––– (pre-modify the noun) poet of Bengali Literature. He was born in a (b) ––– (pre-modify the noun) family at Jarasanko, Kolkata. He went to school (c) ––– (post-modify the verb). He wrote his (d) ––– (pre-modify the noun) verse at the age of eight. At the age of seventeen, he went to London (e) ––– (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) school there. He was put up in a lodging house under the care of a (f) ––– (pre-modify the noun) coach, Mr. Scott. He was lucky (g) ––– (post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) an English family of Mr. Scott. He also visited the House of Parliament (h) ––– (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) to Gladstone and John Bright’s debates on Irish rule. He wrote letters to Kolkata (i) ––– (post-modify the verb with a present participle) English society. At this, his family thought that they might lose their son (j) ––– (post-modify the verb). So, he was called back to Kolkata. 5. We know that (a) ––– (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) species are important for maintaining (b) ––– (pre-modify the noun) balance. If one is lost, the whole natural environment (c) ––– (pre-modify the verb) changes. In order to protect the environment from being spoilt, we should (d) ––– (pre-modify the verb) protect (e) ––– (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) wildlife, (f) ––– (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) good news is that (g) ––– (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) countries are (h) ––– (pre-modify the verb) taking action to protect their endangered wild life. George Lay Cock, (i) ––– (post-modify the noun with an appositive) writes. "Mankind must develop a concern for wild creatures and a determination that (j) ––– (use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) wild species will not perish". 6. One day Robert Bruce, (a) ––– (Post modify the noun with an appositive), was lying in a cave. He was thinking of (b) ––– (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) misfortune. He thought that he would not be able (c) ––– (Use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). Suddenly, he saw a spider (d) ––– (post-modify the verb with a prepositional phrase/an adverbial of place). The spider was trying to reach (e) ––– (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun) ceiling of the cave. It almost got to the point (f) ––– (Use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) times, but fell down at the last moment. It did not lose hope. It was trying (g) ––– (Post-modify the verb with an adverbial). On the seventh attempt it reached the ceiling. Robert Bruce became very much amazed (h) ––– (Use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) the success of the spider. He felt encouraged and came out of the cave and began to gather soldiers again. He remembered the small spider and prepared (i) ––– (Post-modify the verb with an adverb) for the battle. He fought hard with the English and (J) ––– (Use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) time, he came out successful. Strong will and perseverance made Robert Bruce the king of Scotland. 7. One night Hazi Mohammad Mohsin was in (a) ––– (pre-modify the noun) sleep. Suddenly he heard a sound and woke up (b) ––– (an infinitive to post-modify the verb) what happened. He discovered a thief (c) ––– (use a present participle) valuable articles from his room. He advanced (d) ––– (an adverb to post-modify the verb) and caught the thief (e) ––– (post-modifier the verb). Mohsin was a (f) ––– (pre-modifier of the noun) man. He wanted (g) ––– (use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) why he was stealing. The thief replied that he had been starving (h) ––– (use a prepositional phrase),(i) ––– (use a participle phrase) Mohsin became sympathetic, he set the thief (j) ––– (use an adjective). 8. Drug addiction is a curse of (a) ––– (pre-modify the noun) civilization. Drug is usually used as medicine (b) ––– (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) diseases and an excess of taking drug for no disease is called drug addiction. The drug addiction has grasped the young generation (c) ––– (post-modify the verb). They take drugs to forget their (d) ––– (post-modify the noun) past or memories. People (e) ––– (pre-modify the verb) take heroine, opium, morphine, cocaine, phencydiyl etc. for drug addiction. There are some people who first take drugs as a fun but it terms into an addiction (f) ––– (post-modify the verb). Drug addiction causes (g) ––– (post-modify the noun) harms to human body, (h) ––– (use a participle to pre-modify the verb) we can remove this curse from our country. All concerned should take initiative (i) ––– (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) it. Suppliers should be punished (j) ––– (post-modify the verb). 9. One (a) ––– (use adv as pre-modifier qualifying adj) conspicuous change in (b) ––– (use pre-modifier qualifying noun) society is the presence of (c) ––– (use adj as pre¬-modifier) women outside the home. Of course, it has to be acknowledged that women have always worked within the household but this commonly is not counted as 'work'. It is unfortunate that (d) ––– (use possessive as pre-modifier) roles in (e) ––– (use adj as pre-modifier) societies as in our village, particularly during (f) ––– (use noun-adj as pre-modifier) time has not been recognized either. Whether it is due to (g) ––– (use adj as pre-modifier) necessity or the urge to establish an (h) ––– (use adj as pre-modifier) identity or both, nowadays many women are entering the outside (i) ––– (use noun-adj as pre-modifier) force. They are joining a wide range of professions. Moreover, it is not only (j) ––– (use adj as pre-modifier) women who are opting to work but women with little or no education have come out of their cocoons to earn and become self-reliant. 10. Socrates was a (a) ––– (pre-modify the noun) scholar of Greece. He believed that an (b) ––– (pre-modify the noun) man was more of a beast than a human being. He had a wife who used to lose temper on the (c) ––– (pre-modify the noun) excuse. One day, she became (d) ––– (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) furious than ever. She began (e) ––– (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) Socrates. She tried (f) ––– (post-modify the verb) to irritate him. (g) ––– (pre-modify the pronoun with a participial phrase), he sat on the doorstep of his residence. The wife found that her husband was not paying the (h) ––– (pre-modify the noun) heed to her word, (i) ––– (pre-modify the pronoun with a participle) with a bucket full of water, she poured much water over him. The passers-by (j) ––– (post-modify the noun with a prepositional phrase) were much amused at the incident. 11. Once upon a time there was an honest and (a) ––– (pre-modify tire noun) man. His name was Abu Ben Adhem. He was once sleeping (b) ––– (post-modify the verb). He woke up (c) ––– (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) an angel. He saw the angel (d) ––– (post-modify the noun with a present participle) the names ofsome persons who loved God. He wanted (e) ––– (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) if his name was there. The angel replied that his name was not (f) ––– (post-modify the verb). Then he requested the angel (g) ––– (post-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase) in the list, (h) ––– (pre-modify the verb with a present participle) his request, the angel went away. He appeared the next night (i) ––– (post-modify the verb) and showed Abu that his name was at the top of the list. Abu was very happy (j) ––– (post-modify the adjective with an infinitive phrase). 12. English gives us (a) ––– (pre-modify the noun) access to the ever expanding knowledge of science and technology, arts and education, innovations and discoveries. Moreover all the books, journals, reports, research findings are available in English. As many important books, papers etc, are either (b) ––– (post-modify the noun) in English or translated into English (c) ––– (post-modify the verb) after they are published in other languages. You can (d) ––– (post-modify the verb) learn about them if you have acquired the (e) ––– (use a participle to pre-modify the noun) skills in English,(f) ––– (use an infinitive phrase to pre-modify the verb) you have to get a deep and (g) ––– (pre-modify the noun) time experience of reading different texts, books or articles etc. Moreover correct listening from others will also promote your (h) ––– (pre-modify the noun) mastery on reading English. At first, when you desire to speak English you might get (i) ––– (post-modify the noun) to release any word from (j) ––– (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) mouth as it won't come out smoothly. 13. Napoleon, (a) ––– (post-modify the noun with an appositive), was a great hero. He fought many battles and conquered (b) ––– (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) countries of Europe. One day he was walking along the sea-shore. Suddenly he noticed a (c) ––– (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) thing, (d) ––– (use article to pre-modify the noun phrase) English boy was making a small boat. The king asked him why he was making (e) ––– (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) a small boat. The boy said, "I shall cross the sea. (f) ––– (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country is on the other side of the sea. I shall go to my country by (g) ––– (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) boat. I didn’t see my mother for a good long time. Let me go to my country (h) ––– ". (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). The king was (i) ––– (use an adverb to pre-modify the adjective) charmed by the words of the small boy. He made (j) ––– (use determiner to pre- modify the noun phrase) arrangements to send him to his country. 14. It was a hot (a) ––– (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) day. A (b) ––– (pre-modify the noun) crow flew all over the fields looking for water. For a long time, she could not find any water. She felt (c) ––– (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) weak, almost giving up hope. Suddenly, she saw a water jug below her. She flew (d) ––– (post-modify the verb) to see if there was any water inside. Yes, she could see some water inside the jug. The crow tried (e) ––– (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). Sadly, she found that the neck of the jug was too narrow. Then she tried to push the jug down for the water to flow out. But she found (f) ––– (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) jug too heavy. The crow thought (g) ––– (use a phrase to post-modify the verb) what to do. (h) ––– (use a participle to pre-modify the verb), she saw some pebbles nearby. She (i) ––– (pre-modify the verb) had a good idea. She started picking up the pebbles filled the jug, the water level kept rising. Soon it was high (j) ––– (post-modify the adjective) for the crow to drink. The crow quenched her thirst and flew away. 15. Most of the people in (a) ––– (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country do not know the importance of English. In fact, it is an (b) ––– (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) language and we are living in a (c) ––– (pre-modify the noun) village. So, if you know English (d) ––– (post modify the verb with an adverb), you can communicate with (e) ––– (use article to pre-modify the noun phrase) rest of the world. It is surely an important element of your (f) ––– (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) skill. Without the knowledge of English with proper understanding, you cannot complete (g) ––– (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) higher studies because most of the books are written in English in the process of higher education. Poor knowledge of English will also hamper your (h) ––– (use a noun adjective) development. In short, if you do not have a good command of English, you will suffer (i) ––– (post-modify the verb with prepositional phrase/Adverbial) of your life. So, don’t waste your time and try to learn English (j)––– (post-modify the verb with an adverb) from today. 16. I had a peculiar experience (a) ––– (post-modify the verb) while travelling to St. Martin’s Island. I visited the island along with my family. Zahid (b) ––– (post-modify the noun with an appositive), was our guide. On our way to the island, we watched (c) ––– (use a determiner to pre-modify the noun) sea gulls. The (d) ––– (pre-modify the noun) birds were flying (e) ––– (post-modify the verb) with the ship. They became (f) ––– (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) dear and friendly to us. We entertained them with chips and biscuits. (g) ––– them (use a present participle to pre-modify the verb), we became (h) ––– (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) excited. We decided (i) ––– (use an intensifier to post-modify the verb) in the idyllic island for a couple of days. We can never forget (j) ––– (use a demonstrative to pre modify the adjective phrase) lively sea birds. 17. Once there lived a (a) ––– (pre-modify noun) fox in a jungle. One day, while he was walking (b) ––– (post-modify the verb) through the jungle, he fell into a trap and lost his tail. He felt (c) ––– (pre-modify the adjective) unhappy and sad. But the fox was very cunning. He hit upon a plan. He invited all the foxes (d) ––– (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) to meeting. When all the foxes arrived, the fox without a tail said, “My dear friends, listen to me, please, I have discovered a (e) ––– (pre-modify the noun) think. It is that our tails are (f) ––– (pre-modify the adjective) useless. They look ugly and dirty. So, we all should cut off our tails, shouldn’t we?” All foxes listened to the cunning fox (g) ––– (post-modify the verb). Most of them agreed (h) ––– (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) their tails. But an old and (i) ––– (pre-modify the noun) fox said to him, “My friend, your plan is nice but evil. Actually, you want to cut off our tails because you have (j) ––– (pre-modify the noun with a determiner) tail of your own.” 18. Othello, (a) ––– (use an appositive to post modify the noun) had risen to become a general. He had shown his bravery in many (b) ––– (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) battles against the Turks. Everyone praised him (c) ––– (use an adverb to post-modify the verb) and the senate trusted and honored him. Brabantio, a rich senator of Venice had a daughter Desdemona (d) ––– (use a relative clause to post-modify the noun). Brabantio (e) ––– (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) invited Othello to his house where he and his daughter listened in wonder to Othello as he spoke about his adventures. He told them of deserts, of caves and of mountains high (f) ––– (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) to touch the sky. Desdemona had to weep (g) ––– (use a present participle to post modify the verb phrase) and she never became tired of listening to it. She pitied Othello (h) ––– (use an adverb to post-modify the verb)for the misfortunes and hardships of his life. Her pity (i) ––– (use an adverb to post-modify the verb) turned to love. She refused all the young men (j) ––– (use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) because she loved Othello, a noble Muslim Moor from North Africa. 19. A village doctor is a (a) ––– (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) familiar person in the rural areas of Bangladesh. He is (b) ––– (pre-modify the verb) known as a quack. A village doctor is not a (c) ––– (pre-modify the noun) doctor. He (d) ––– (pre-modify the verb) sits in a small dispensary in the morning and evening. He treats the patients (e) ––– (use a participle to post-modify the verb) small fees. A village doctor is not a (f) ––– (pre-modify the noun) man. His chamber is (g) ––– (pre-modify the verb) furnished. He cannot supply costly medicines to the (h)––– (pre-modify the noun) patients. In our country, the number of qualified doctors is (i) ––– (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) few. So, a village doctor is a great friend to the (j) ––– (pre-modify the noun) people. 20. Water is a (a) ––– (pre-modify the noun) substance. It has no colour of (b) ––– (possessive to pre-modify the pronoun) own. The (c) ––– (determiner to pre-modify the noun) name of water is life. By drinking water, we can quench(d) ––– (possessive to pre-modify the noun) thirst. Thus we can survive on earth. But (e) ––– (pre-modify the noun) water is life-killing. By drinking contaminated water, we suffer from diseases like diarrhoea, typhoid etc. We may (f) ––– (pre-modify the verb) face (g) ––– (pre-modify the noun) death by drinking such type of water. We are responsible for (h) ––– (noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) pollution. Waste materials from mills and factories are thrown here and there. Farmers use fertilizers and insecticides in their land. During the rainy season, they are mixed with ponds and rivers. Besides, latrines (i) ––– (participle to post modify the noun) on ponds and rivers cause water pollution. (j) ––– (pre-modify the noun) awareness should be raised to stop water pollution. Modifier Worksheet-A with answer 1. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: Nelson Mandela, (a) __ (post-modify the noun with appositive), is one of the greatest leaders of the world, no doubt. During (b) __ (use article to pre-modify the noun) time of Mandela, the Europeans were separated from the non-Europeans. It was (c) __ (use noun-adjective to pre-modify the noun) policy of racial segregation. The blacks were subjected to (d) __ (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) sorts of indignities. They were denied all basic (e) __ (use adjective to pre-modify the noun) rights. They were in fact aliens in (f) __ (use possessive) own country. The blacks were also treated (g) __ (use adverb to post-modify the verb). Even dogs received a much better treatment than the blacks. The (h) __ (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice. Unfortunately, (i) __ (use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) great man thrown behind the prison bars. But the oppressive rulers could not break his spirit. All his life he struggled against apartheid. Eventually, the great leader fulfilled the goal of liberating (j) __ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) people. Answer: (a) a South-African leader /an icon of peace; (b) the; (c) government; (d) all; (e) human; (f) their; (g) inhumanely/ cruelly; (h) great; (i) this; (j) his. 2. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: Mother is an (a) __ (Use an adjective phrase to pre-modify the noun) blessing in the world. Mother's Day is a (b) __ (Use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) significant day observed as a (c) __ (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) occasion in honour of mothers. The day was for the first time, announced as a formal holiday in the United States of America. Mother's Day is now observed (d) __ (Use an adverbial phrase to post-modify the verb) as elsewhere around the world. The sons and daughters (e) __ (Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) wait for this day. They buy some special presents for their (f) __ (Use a superlative degree to pre-modify the noun) mother. When they offer the presents, the mother becomes very happy. It brings a (g) __ (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) happiness between a mother and (h) __ (Use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) children. The bond of relationship between mother and children becomes everlasting. The mother (i) __ (Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) draws her children with her motherly affection. In this way, we pay a (j) __ (Use a participle to pre-modify the noun) tribute to our dear mothers. Answer: (a) unique/ incomparably great and devine; (b) very; (c) great /special; (d) in Bangladesh/in our country; (e) eagerly; (f) dearest; (g) divine/heavenly; (h) her; (i) always /naturally; (j) glowing. 3. 19. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: It was a cold (a) — (use a noun-adjective to pre-modify the noun) morning. A farmer was going to his field (b) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) seed. On the way he saw a snake (c) — (post-modify the noun with a present participle) on the ground. The farmer went near it (d) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) what happened to it. It was almost dead in cold. He took pity on the snake. He put it (e) — (post-modify the verb) and brought it home. (f) — (pre-modify the verb with a present participle phrase) by the fire, he took care of it. Then he gave it (g) — (pre-modify the noun) milk. Soon the snake got well. It began (h) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) with the children of the farmer. But the snake showed its (i) — (pre-modify the noun) nature and bit one of the children. (j) — (pre-modify the verb with a present participle phrase), the farmer killed the snake. Answer: (a) winter; (b) to sow; (c) lying; (d) to see; (e) in his bag/ in his basket; f) Warming it up/Placing it/Putting it; (g) some /warm; (h) to play; (i) cruel /real/ original; (j) Knowing its nature/Being very angry. 4. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: Most of the people in (a) __ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country do not know the importance of English, (b) __ (post-modify the noun with an appositive). In fact, it is an (c) __ (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) language and we are living in a global village. So, If you know English (d) __ (post-modify the verb with an adverb), you can communicate with (e) __ (use article to pre-modify the noun phrase) rest of the world. It is surely an important element of your (f) __ (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) skill. Without the knowledge of English, you cannot complete (g) __ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) higher studies because most of the books are written in English. Poor knowledge of English will also hamper your (h) __ (use noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) development. In short, if you do not have a good command over English, you will suffer (i) __ (post-modify the verb with adverb). So, start to learn English (j) __ (post-modify the verb with an adverb) from today. Answer: (a) our [but]; (b) an international language; (c) international; (d) well; (e) the; (f) language /communication/language; (g) your; (h) career; (i) extremely/in every stage; (j) properly. 5. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: Once upon a time there lived (a) __ (Use article to pre-modify the noun phrase) generous and kind-hearted king. But the people were not happy with (b) __ (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) king, because the king was too lazy and would not do (c) __ (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun) work other than eating and sleeping. He spent days and weeks and months in (d) __ (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun phrase) bed either eating something on sleeping. He became (e) __ (Use an adverb to pre-modify the noun) inactive. The king became (f) __. (Use article to pre-modify the noun) potato couch and the people started worrying about the king. (g) __ (Use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) day the king realized that he could not even move his body. He became fat and his enemies made fun of him calling "fatty king" of "bulky king" etc he invited (h) __ (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) doctors from (i) — (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) parts of his country and offered them generous rewards (j) __ (Use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb) fit. Unfortunately, none could help the king regain his health and fitness. Answer: (a) a; (b) their; (c) any/much; (d) his; (e) very/ quite/ completely; (f) a; (g) One; (h) some/renowned; (i) different; (j) to make. 6. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: I experienced a very interesting incident (a) — (Post-modify the verb) on my way to Dinajpur. My friend Tamalika, (b) — (Post-modify the noun with an appositive) was driving. A crow was crossing the road but suddenly in the middle of the road it stopped and remained standing. In a minute Tamalika had to change her course but she didn't have (c) — (Pre-modify the noun) time and space to do that. Tamalika tried to turn in the left when the cow too walked (d) __ (Post-modify the verb) back a few steps. To save (e) — (Use a demonstrative to pre modify the noun) cow Tamalika had to move n the right. She lost her control and bumped the car with a (f) — (Use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) tree. (g) — (Use a participle to pre-modify the verb) Tamalika was shocked but she was (h) — (Use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) happy (i) — (Use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). She patted the (j) — (Pre-modify the noun) cow and burst into laughter. Answer: (a) last week; (b) a famous athlete; (c) enough; (d) slowly; (e) that; (f) jackfruit; (g) Seeing the damage in her new car; (h) very; (i) to save the cow; (j) naughty/innocent. 7. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: One day Robert Bruce, a) — (post-modify the noun with an appositive) was lying in the cave. He was thinking of b) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) misfortune. He thought that he would not be able c) — (use an infinitive phrase). Suddenly, he saw a spider d) — (post-modify the verb with a prepositional phrase). The spider was trying to reach e) — (use article to pre-modify the noun) ceiling of the cave. It almost got to the point f) — (use quantifier to premodify the noun) times but fell down at the last moment. It didn't lose hope. It was trying g) — (post-modify the verb with an adverb). On the seventh attempt it reached the ceiling. Robert Bruce became very much amazed h) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) the success of the spider. He felt encouraged & came out of the cave. He began to gather soldiers again & prepared i) — (post-modify the verb with an adverb) for the battle. He fought hard with the English and (j) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) time, he came out successful. Answer: (a) a famous king /the king of the Scotland; (b) his; (c) to regain his lost kingdom; (d) in the cave; (e) the; (f) several; (g) continuously/repeatedly/ relentlessly; (h) to see; (i) well/again; (j) this. 8. 9. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: It was twenty years (a) __ (use adverb to post modify the verb) when I was living in an apartment (b) __ (use present participle to post modify the noun) a cemetery. At that time a lady wrote a letter to me (c) __ (use present participle to post modify the noun) one of my books just (d) __ (use past participle to post modify the noun) in the newspaper. It made me so excited that I sent her a letter of thanks. Immediately after that she wrote me second letter (e) __ (use present participle to post modify the noun) that she was passing through Paris and would like to have a chat with me. The lady also requested me (f) __ (use infinitive to post modify the noun) her a little luncheon at Foyot's. (g) __ (use perfect participle to post modify the noun) the letter I became pleased and excited. I was eager to enjoy the company of the (h) __ (per modify the noun) lady. However, at Foyot's I met the lady. I was disappointed to see the guest. She was not so charming and young as I expected her to be. She was a woman of forty (i) __ (use present participle to post modify the noun) more teeth. She was also (j) __ (use intensifier to pre modify the adjective) talkative. Answer: (a) ago; (b) overlooking; (c) praising; (d) published; (e) saying; (f) to give; (g) Having read [Having received]; (h) beautiful /young; (i) having; (j) very. 10. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: 11. I have (a) — (Pre-modify the noun) friends, but Karim is my (b) — (Pre-modify the noun) friend. He studies in my class. We go to college (c) — (Post modify the verb). He is good at studies and helps the students (d) — (Use a relative clause to post modify the noun). He is (e) — (Use an intensifier to premodify the adjective) hardworking. His parents want him (f) — (Use an infinitive phrase to postmodify the verb) in life. So his father, (g) — (Post modify the verb with an appositive), is really an honorable person (h) — (Use a prepositional phrase to post modify the noun phrase). He wants his son to become a teacher like him and Karim's mother (i) — (Pre-modify the verb) inspires him (j) — (Use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb) Answer: (a) many/a lot of; (b) best/close/closest/bosom; (c) together; (d) who are weak; (e) very; (f) to be successful; (g) a teacher/a college teacher; (h) in the locality/in the village; (i) also/always/regularly; (j) to be an honest man/teacher. 12. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: Tea is the most (a) __ (pre-modify the noun) drink in the world. It is (b) __ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) refreshing. Tea plants grow (c) __ (post-modify the verb) on the slope of the hills. In the tea garden tea plants are (d) __ (pre-modify the verb) planted in rows. (e) __ (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) leaves are plucked four times a year. (f) __ (use participle to pre-modify the verb) they are rolled by a machine and dried in a cauldron over a furnace. After (g) __ (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) process, tea is ready for consumption. As a drink, tea is prepared in a (h) __ (pre-modify the noun) way. It is now (i) __ (pre-modify the verb) used for the entertainment of guests in our country. But it is harmful for our health (j) __ (use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) too much of tea. Answer: (a) popular; (b) very; (c) well/plentifully/abundantly ; (d) usually /always/ usually; (e) Tea; (f) After being plucked; (g) this; (h) special systemic; (i) widely; (j) to drink. 13. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: There lived a (a) __ (pre-modify the noun) fox in a jungle. Once the fox was feeling (b) __ (use an intensifier to pre modify the adjective) hungry. He roamed here and there (c) __ (use prepositional phrase to post modify the verb), but be could not find anything to eat. He became (d) __ (use an intensifier to pre modify the adjective) tired. (e) __ (use infinitive phrase to pre modify the verb), he sat under a (f) __ (use a noun adjective to pre modify the noun) tree. When he looked up, he saw a crow (g) __ (use participle to post modify the noun) on one of the branches of the tree. The crow was holding a piece of meat (h) __ (use prepositional phrase to post modify the verb). (i) __ (use a participle phrase to pre modify the verb), the mouth of the fox began to water and he wished to have (j) __ (use a demonstrative to pre modify the noun) piece of meat. Answer: (a) cunning clever; (b) very; (c) in search of food; (d) extremely very; (e) To take rest; (f) banyan big/tall; (g) sitting; (h) in its beak /in her mouth / between her beaks; (i) Seeing the piece of meat; (j) that. 14. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: Once there lived a (a) — (pre-modify noun) fox in the jungle. One day, while he was walking (b) — (post- modify the verb) through the jungle he fell into a trap and lost his tail. He felt (c) — (pre-modify the adjective) unhappy and sad. But the fox was very cunning. He hit upon a plan .He invited all the foxes (d) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) to a meeting. When all the foxes arrived, the fox without a tail said, "My dear friends, listen to me, please, I have discovered a (e) — (pre-modify the noun) thing. It is that our tails are (f) — (pre-modify the adjective) useless. They look ugly and dirty. So, we all should cut off our tails, shouldn't we? All foxes listened to the cunning fox (g) — (post-modify the verb). Most of them agreed (h) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) their tails. But an old and (i) — (pre-modify the noun) fox said to him," My friend, your plan is beautiful but evil. Actually, you want to cut off our tails because you have (j) — (pre-modify the noun with a determiner) tail of your own. Answer: (a) cunning; (b) carelessly /alone; (c) very; (d) to come; (e) new/great; (f) totally/really; (g) carefully/ attentively; (h) to cut off; (i) wise; (j) no. 15. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: Our people fought (a) __ (post modify the verb with an adverb) in our Liberation War. Independence was our (b) __ (pre-modify the noun with a phrase) need. We tried to live (c) __ (adverb post-modify the verb) with the Pakistanis. But they were (d) __ (use an adjective) to us. They behaved (e) __ (use an adverb). (f) __ (use a participle) no way of settlement, we look up arms. India had reasons enough (g) __ (use an infinitive phrase to post modify the adverb) us. At last, the (h) __ (pre-modify the noun) force won over Pakistan. We started living (i) __ post-modify the adverb by an adverb). We must speak (j) __ (post-modify- the verb by an adverb) of our independence. Answer: (a) bravely; (b) crying; (c) peacefully; (d) hostile/unjust; (e) rudely; (f) Finding/Having; (g) to stand by/to support strongly; (h) allied; (i) happily/ independently / peacefully; (j) freely. 16. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: A few days ago, the (a) __ (pre-modify the noun with a noun adjective) ceremony was held. We invited our friends and relatives (b) __ (post-modify the noun with infinitive phrase). The (c) __ (pre-modify the noun) guests started to come in the evening. We receive them (d) __ (post-modify the verb). We all were waiting (e) __ (post-modify the verb with infinitive) the bridegroom. The groom came at about 8 p.m. We were happy (f) __ (post-modify the adjective with infinitive phrase). The groom came (g) __ (post-modify the verb with a present participle) wedding dress. He was looking (h) __ (pre-modify the adjective with intensifier) smart and handsome. I took him to the stage (i) __ (post-modify the verb with a present participle) his hand. He took his seat. The Quazi solemnized the marriage (j) __ (post-modify the verb with present participle phrase) from the Holy Quran. Answer: (a) marriage; (b) to attend the ceremony; (c) invited /wedding; (d) warmly/cordially /gladly; (e) to receive; (f) to see him; (g) wearing; (h) very; (i) holding; (j) reciting some verses. 17. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: Afforrestation is the (a) __ [use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective] beneficial to us. We all know about (b) __ [use a determiner] harmful effects of deforestation. Deforestation (c) __ [use a relative clause to post modify the noun] is one of the causes of global warming. Non only that, it has (d) __ [use a quantifier to pre-modify the noun] negative impacts on our daily life. Deforestation has caused the extinction of various (e) __ [pre-modify the noun] animals. On the other hand, afforestation has a (f) __ [use a compound adjective to pre-modify the noun] positive impact on human life, animals and environment. In Bangladesh, tree plantation programme is conducted by both the government and private firms. (g) __ [use-a possessive] sunderbans is the largest mangrove forest in the world. (h) __ [use an infinitive phrase], public awareness is also important. We all know that trees, (i) __ [use an appositive], provide us food, shelter, oxygen, timber etc. They also protect us from different (j) __ [pre-modify the noun] calamities. Answer: (a) most ; (b) the; (c) that means cutting down trees; (d) many/a lot of; (e) wild; (f) long-term; (g) Our; (h) To make tree plantation programme successful; (i) an important element of environment; (j) natural. 18. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: My elder sister is (a) __ (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) affectionate to me. She is a very (b) __ (pre-modify the noun) lady. She advises me (c) __ (post modify the verb with an infinitive) my knowledge and skill. She tells me to go to college (d) __ (post-modify the verb). She encourages me to follow the (e) __ (pre-modify the noun) path. She also advises me (f) __ (post modify the verb with an infinitive phrase) towards other fellow students. She is really a (g) __ (pre-modify the noun) woman. She teaches me how (h) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) between right and wrong. She advises me to be a (i) — (pre-modify the noun) human being. (j) __ (pre-modify with a present participate phrase) I want to become a trustworthy man. Answer: (a) very; (b) wise; (c) to increase; (d) regularly; (e) right/honest; (f) to be friendly/to be helpful; (g) trustworthy/great; (h) to differentiate; (i) good/ real; (j) Following her advice. 19. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: Students are the (a) __ (pre-modifier of noun) leaders of a country. The development of a country depends (b) __ (post modifier of verb) on how the students prepare themselves to face (c) __ (a noun-adjective to pre-modify a noun) challenges. But unfortunately many students are not serious (d) __ (a prepositional phrase to post-modify the adjective). They spoil their (e) __ (pre-modifier of a noun) time. Some of them do not go to school (f) __ (noun phrase functioning as adverb). Again some remain inattentive (g) __ (prepositional phrase functioning as adverbial of place). But they have to be attentive and struggle hard (h) __ (an infinitive) in life. They should remember that success is equal to (i) __ (Adjective) work plus determination. So, all students should work hard (j) __ (infinitive) in life. Answer: (a) future; (b) largely/greatly/much; (c) development/ life/future; (d) about their studies/ responsibilities; (e) valuable; (f) for poverty; (g) to their class/to their study; (h) to succeed/to be successful; (i) hard; (j) to shine/to prosper. 20. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: One day Israt was returning home (a) –– (post modify the verb) from college. On the way she saw a dog (b) __ (use a participle phrase to postmodify the noun). It was barking (c) –– (postmodify the verb). An (d) –– (premodify the noun) boy had hit the poor creature with a big stone. It hurt its (e) –– (premodify the noun) leg and it was bleeding (f) –– (postmodify the verb). Israt became very (g) –– (postmodify the verb). She (h) –– (premodify the verb) carried the dog home and nursed the wound. She tied a bandage tightly round the (i) –– (premodify the noun) leg. In a week the dog was (j) –– (use an intensifier to premodify the adjective) well. Answer: (a) early/alone;(b) lying on the road;(c) bitterly; (d) unkind; (e) right; (f) badly; (g) sad; (h) gently; (i) wounded; (j) quite.

Private Universities in Bangladesh ​ 1. Brac University Bangladesh www.bracuniversity.ac.bd   2. East West University Bangladesh www.ewubd.edu   3. Independent University bangladesh www.iub.edu.bd   4. North South University Bangladesh www.northsouth.edu   5. American International University Bangladesh www.aiub.edu   6. University of Asia Pacific Bangladesh www.uap-bd.edu   7. Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology www.aust.edu   8. Eastern University Bangladesh www.eastenruni.edu.bd   9. University of Liberal Arts www.ulab.edu.bd   10. State University of Bangladesh www.sub.edu.bd   11. United International University www.uiu.ac.bd   12. Daffodil University www.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd   13. World University of Bangladesh www.wub.edu.bd   14. Dhaka International university www.diu-edu.net   15. European University of bangladesh www.eub.edu.bd   16. Asha University Bangladesh www.asaub.edu.bd       17. Stamford University Bangladesh www.stamforduniversity.edu.bd   18. Central Women’s University   www.cwu.edu.bd ​ UNIVERSITY ADMISSION Grammar Previous Quetions DU ENGLISH QUESTIONS Dhaka University Admission Tests- English Questions A (Ka)UNIT DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2014-2015 Read the following passage and answer the questions below (1-6) Recently, significant problems regarding energy use have emerged. Enormous amounts of pollutants are being emitted from power plants, factories, and automobiles, which are worsening the condition of the earth. This environmental degradation is a dear result of acid rain, increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and other forms of air pollution. Acid rain and air pollution, for instance, are devastating forests, crops, and lakes over wide areas all over the world. Since the 1950s, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have increased by 13%, setting the stage for global warming. As atmospheric temperature rise, grain output may significantly decrease, making it more difficult for farmers to keep pace with the growth of population. In urban areas, air pollution is taking a toll on the buildings and human health. To reduce the amount of environmental damage in cities, developed countries- have devised technology to control the harmful emissions. However, as these countries already have an abundance of vehicles that continue to grow in number, the efficacy of these measures is diminished. Since cars and other vehicles create more air pollution than any other human activity, the most effective means to reduce pollution is to decrease the number of vehicles. A major shift away from automobile usage in urban areas may be possible with the aid of urban planning. 1. The passage is about: A)The role of pollutants in increasing air pollution all over the world. ✔ A)Hazardous effects of air pollution and the role of urban planners in improving living conditions. B)The devastating effect of acid rain on forest resources, crops and water bodies. C)The extensive use of cars and vehicles is diminishing the growth of a risk-free society. 2. The word ‘pollutants’ in the passage is a/an A) adjective B) adverb C) verb D) noun ✔ 3. The word ’emitted’ can be replaced by: A) engaged B) discharged C) derived ✔ D) reduced 4. What happens with the increase in the atmospheric temperature? A) The weather becomes very pleasant. B) It causes flooding in urban areas D) Crop production is reduced D) Urban areas become overpopulated. ✔ 5. “taking a toll” on the passage means: A) being expensive B) causing a barrier C) causing damage ✔ D) ringing a bell 6. An antonym of ‘efficacy’ is: A) Uselessness ✔ B) representation C) reproduction D) efficiency DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2014-2015 7. The correct spelling is: A) Intuishon B) intusion C) intution D) intuition ✔ 8. Since I——for our lunch, I——-to attract the waiter’s attention. A) Paid, tried ✔ B) paid, will be trying C) pay, tried D) was paying, tried 9. We——-a cat, but one day it just disappeared. A) would have B) have C) used to have ✔ D) do have 10. I—–at six o’clock, but——to be up by five. A) normally get up—–I have sometime B) normally get up ——sometimes I have ✔ C) get normally up——sometimes D) get normally up —— I sometime have 11. The antonym of “sporadic” is – A) occasional B) intermittent C) frequent ✔ D) isolated DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2014-2015 12. “Illuminate” means A) deviant B) brighten ✔ C) illegal D) deceptive 13. When—— here? A) have you get B) did you get ✔ C) you get D) had you get 14. Why ——-return the money? A) you did not B) you C) did you not ✔ D) you did’t 15. High school students should not be——- as being immature or naive. A) helped B) directed C) taught D) categorized ✔ 16. Albert Einstein’s Theory of Relativity——–the foundation of the possibility of time travel. A) Will lay B) laying C) laid ✔ D) lay DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2014-2015 17. Although the telescope——–into space in 1990, its inception was almost a half-century earlier. A) launched B) launching C) was launched ✔ D) launch C 18. There is still no way to wholly escape——-the effects on the layers of gases enveloping the earth. A) in B) of C) from ✔ D) at C 19. The 32,000-word novel ‘The Time Machine’——H.G. Wells, popularized time travel. A) into B) of C) by ✔ D) in 20. The U.S. Congress restored the Medal of Honor was first presented in 1965 to a woman—–name few of us have heard. A) which B)who C) whose ✔ D)whom 21. Dr Mary Edwards Walker was a surgeon, soldier, ——fighter for women’s rights. A) With B. and ✔ C) of D) also 22. Because of discrimination——-women, she was required to work as a nurse rather than a doctor. A) for B) of C) against ✔ D) with 23. A good teacher is one who can help his/her student——errors in their work and suggest ways to—– them. A) identify/rectify ✔ B) commit, overcome C) find, resist D) eliminate, perpetuate 24. We need to do more to——– the poor flood victims. A) reach out to B) live up to C) put up with D) make up for ✔ DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2014-2015 25. In some countries, much of the natural environment has been transformed——– farmland —–a subsequent loss of species richness. A) out of, along with B) into, with ✔ C) into, as a result of D) away from, resulting from 26. Students should learn, in an environment——-pressure and with the freedom to choose what they want to learn. A) soaked in B) deprived of C) devoid of ✔ D) regardless of 27. We have to——-our political differences and come together to ——a joint fight against poverty and corruption. A) cover, venture ✔ B) rise over, pull off C) mend, prevail D) transcend, lead 28. Teaching can be a tough job, particularly when you have to ——aggressive and unruly students. A) cope on B) deal with ✔ C) handle to D) work out 29. ———the importance of zoos as tourist attractions, until recently there has been little research to investigate the nature, attitudes and motivations of zoo visitors. A) Despite ✔ B) Although C) In spite D) Given 30. I haven’t been feeling very well—– A) of late B) not long ago C) currently D) by now ✔ DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2012-2013 Read the passage and answer questions 1-5: Cats are carnivorous mammals of the family Felidae. They cannot chew their food, and their teeth are adapted to stab, anchor, and cut flesh. All cats except the cheetah have strong, sharp, retractile claws. They are not adapted for long chases but prowl their prey on padded feet and try to overwhelm it in short dash or pounce. Big cats roam over a large area, usually alone but sometimes in family groups, for example, a pride of lions can contain as many as 37 individuals. Cats generally are nocturnal animals, the retina of their eyes made extra sensitive to light by a layer of guanine, which causes the eyes to shine in the dark. Tigers are largest of the cats. They are identified by their characteristic striped coat. They inhabit forests and grasslands in Asia where populations have suffered from haunting, deforestation, and demand for tiger parts in traditional medicine. 1. Cats are carnivorous, but human beings are (A) herbivorous ✔ (B) omnivorous (C) farinaceous (D) cadaverous 2. The synonym of ‘prowl’ is (A) dive (B) chase (C) ornate (D) stalk ✔ 3. ‘Cats are nocturnal animals’ means (A) cats have predatory eyesight (B) cats are sensitive to smell (C) cats haunt during daytime (D) cats are active at night ✔ 4. A group of lions is called ‘pride of lions’, what is a group of dogs called? (A) a pack of dogs ✔ (B) a colony of dogs (C) a flock of dogs (D) a cluster of dogs 5. ‘retractile claws’ in the passage means (A) claws the are extra sharp (B) claws that can change shape (C) claws that can move inwards ✔ (D) claws that are sensitive to feelings DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2012-2013 6. Choose the correct spelling (a) indegenus (b) indigeneous (c) Indigenous ✔ (d) indigeneous 7. The synonym of ’embellish’ is (a) adorn ✔ (b) shock (c) impoverish (d) destroy 8. The verb of ‘beauty’ is (a) beautician ✔ (b) beautify (c) beautiful (d) beautification 9. The idiom ‘let things slide’ means (a) ignore ✔ (b) lose gradually (c) reveal a secret (d) set free 10. Why is the poet so sad to see the daffodils in ‘The Daffodils’? (a)The poet is sad because the flowers have not bloomed fully. (b)The poet is sad because winter will come soon. (c) The poet is sad because the flowers remind him of his own death. ✔ (d) The poet is sad because flowers bring very hot weather. DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2012-2013 11. The correct translation of `রবিবার হইতে বৃষ্টি হইতাছিলো” (a) It was raining from Sunday. (b) It has been raining from Sunday. (c) It had been raining since Sunday. ✔ (d) It rained since Sunday. 12. The word ‘constraint’ means (a) freedom (b) limitation ✔ (c) plentiful (d) endless 13. The word ‘desperation’ is a/an (a) adjective (b) verb (c) adverb (d) noun ✔ 14. Why were the daffodils in Wordsworth’s ‘I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud’ dancing? (A) The poet was daydreaming. (B) The flowers had cheerful company. (C) The sea waves beside them had gone wild (D) There was a strong wind. ✔ 15. The expression ‘to look after’ means (a) to take care ✔ (b) to follow (c) to imitate (d) to gaze DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2012-2013 16. The antonym of ‘stubborn’ is (A) agreeable ✔ (B) obstinate (C) difficult (D) irritable 17. What is the meaning of the expression “bottom of my heart”? (A)close to my heart (B) core of my heart ✔ (C) lower part of my heart (D)close to my liver Questions 18-27: Fill in the blank/blanks: 18. He —– prefers—–speak very little. (a) doesn’t, to (b) himself, to ✔ (c) himself, for (d) does, for 19. It —- heavily when he—up. (a) has snowed, woke (b) snows, wake (c) was snowing, woke ✔ (d) is snowing, wakes 20. Misuse of — energy has—-destruction. (a) solar. shown (b) renewable, increase (c) nuclear, cause (d) atomic, wreaked ✔ DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2012-2013 21. There is — milk in the bottle. (a) very few (b) any (c) very little ✔ (d) many 22. I have —– him to give—–smoking. (a) said, up (b) talked, for (c) told, up ✔ (d) told, in 23. The groom arrived at the community centre exactly—–time. (a) in (b) for (c) by (d) on ✔ 24. He hates—-kept—– (a) to be, waiting ✔ (b) being kept, wait (c) to be, to wait (d) to, waiting 25. I’d like——information, please. (a) an (b) some ✔ (c) few (d) piece DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2012-2013 26. Yoga is——a good exercise for—–breathing. (a) taken, controlling (b) treated, considerable (c) not, slowly (d) considered, controlling ✔ 27. A man—–by a speeding bus while he was crossing the road. (a) was run over ✔ (b) was run down (c) had been run (d) has been run over Questions 28-30: Choose the correct sentence: 28. Choose the correct sentence: (a) It is you who is to pay. (b) It is you who are to leave. ✔ (c) It is you who is late. (d) It is you who has won the prize. 29. Choose the correct sentence: (a) He suspicioned that something wrong. (b) He suspicious that something is wrong. (c) He suspected that something was wrong. ✔ (d) He suspect that something is wrong. 30. Choose the correct sentence: (a) The jury are arguing among themselves. ✔ (b)The jury is arguing among themselves. (c)The jury has argued among themselves. (d)The jury has been arguing among themselves. DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2011-12 Read the passage and answer Questions 1 to 5: A coral reef is a flower garden of stone, growing like a wall or like a tower from the depths and filled with the most confusing and most colourful varieties of life. The colours are beautiful, especially in the shallow region down to sixty feet, where some of the red and yellow light of the sun’s rays still penetrates. But most corals are greenish, brown, bluish or yellow. Coral reefs offer shelter and food to thousands of creatures. The wanner the climate, the greater the variety of species there is. In the tropics, it is easier to find, in one place, ten different species than ten specimens of the same species; and a coral reef provides ample proof of that rule. Living conditions are most favourable so that many forms are able to develop and survive in their struggle for existence. 1. A coral reef is a. beautiful park ✔ b. a stone wall c. a watch tower d. a rock formation in the sea 2. The word “shallow” in the second sentence means a. very distant b. very deep ✔ c. not very deep d. cold 3. In the tropics a. the climate is warm ✔ b. shelter and food are easy to find c. many subjects are discussed d. it is quite cold 4. The word “ample” in the sixth sentence is an adjective. The noun-form of it is a . amplifier b. amplitude c. amply d. amplify ✔ 5. The main subject of the passage is a. The beauty of a coral reef b. The correlation of climate and life c. The struggle for existence ✔ d. The colours of a coral reef DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2011-12 Questions 6-15: Choose the correct options 6. ————that life began billions of years ago in the water. a. In the belief b. It is believed ✔ c. the belief d. Believing 7. The government has introduced——– a. a children’s clothes tax b. a tax on children clothes ✔ c. a children cloths tax d. a tax on children’s clothes 8. The most important chemical catalyst on the planet is chlorophyll, ——carbon dioxide and water react to form carbohydrates. a. whose presence b. which is present c. presenting d. in the presence of which ✔ 9. An image on a national flag can symbolize political ideas that——-express. a. take many words otherwise would b. would take to many otherwise words c. many words to take otherwise d. would otherwise take many words to ✔ 10. Had I been in your situation,——–the offer. a. I would not accept b. I would accept c. 1 had accepted d. I would have accepted ✔ DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2011-12 11. ———-chair the meeting. a. Karim was decided to b. There was decided that Karim should c. It was decided that Karim should ✔ d. Karim had been decided to 12. She———-from flu when she was interviewed. a. has been suffering b. suffered c. had suffered d. had been suffering ✔ 13. Next month I———–John for 20 years. a. know b. will have known ✔ c. am knowing d. will have been knowing 14. I——-happy to see him, but I didn’t have time. a. will have been b. would be c. will be d. would have been ✔ 15. The traffic lights——green and I pulled away. a. gone b. got c. moved d. went ✔ DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2011-12 Questions 16-17: Choose the correct meaning (if the following idioms: 16. “The job was not plain-sailing.” a The job was difficult to get b. The job was not easy to do. ✔ c. The job was not sailing a ship. d. The job was easy to do. 17. “Leave no stone unturned.” a Heavy stone b. Rare stone c. Impossible d. Try every possible means ✔ Questions 18-19: Choose the correct translation: 18. আমি আম পছন্দ করি a. I like mango b. I would like a mango c. I like mangoes ✔ d I like the mango 19. তারা সাগরের কাছে একটি কুটিরে বাস করত। a. They lived in a but closed to sea b. They lived in a but close by sea c. They lived in a but close to the sea ✔ d. They lived in a but close with the sea Questions 20-23: Fill in the blanks: 20. I came home after the rain————— a. stopped b. stop c was stop d. had stopped ✔ DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2011-12 21. Seeing is——-(believe) a. to believe b. how to believe c. believing ✔ d. believed 22. I do not know —— a. where does he live b. where is he live c. where he does live d. where he lives ✔ 23. I notified——I had changed my address. a. with the bank that b. the bank that ✔ c. that d. to the bank that 24. What is the meaning of the expression “bottom line”? a. The final step b. The end of a road Aid c. The last line of a book d. The essential point ✔ 25. Which one is the correct spelling? a. Acomodation b. Accommodation ✔ c. Acommodation d. Acomoddation DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2011-12 26. The antonym of “prosperity” is a. diversity b. adversity ✔ c. property d. posterity 27. The synonym of “brittle” is a. soft b. tough c. strong d. fragile ✔ 28. By workin hard, you can prosper. Here “working” is a- a. Participle b. Verbal Noun c. Gerund ✔ d. Infinitive 29. The noun form “grand” is a. grandness ✔ b. grandsome c. grandeur d. grand 30. Which one is the correct sentence? a. The man that said that was a fool b. The man who said that was a fool ✔ c. The man which said that was a fool d. The man whom said that was a fool DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2010-2011 Read the following text and answer questions (1-5). It is not only diet and lifestyle that make you obese. There is another factor that lies in your part of DNA called the gene that may influence the shape of your body. A study has recently revealed that genes may play a role in regulating body shape. The effect of genes may be stronger for women than for men. Scientists have found gene variations linked to obesity and fat, which explain why some people are apple-shaped and some are pear-shaped. Previous studies found that when we store fat in our bodies it can affect our health. More fat around the waist is linked with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease while having a fat posterior and thighs may offer some protection against diabetes and heart disease. Experts have opined that in most cases obesity, is caused by “unhealthy diet and lifestyle and that tackling obesity is challenging. However, recent developments in genetics will enable more targeted approaches to obesity prevention and to the invention of new drugs. 1. The main subject of the text is (A) The effects of fruits on the human body (B) The challenges of facing genetic disorders (C) The role of genes in making people overweight (D) The role of genes in maintaining our figure ✔ 2. The antonym of “discovery” is (A)concealment ✔ (B) disclosure (C) enclosure (D) ascertainment 3. The adjective of “prevention” is (A) prevent (B) preventable (C) preventive ✔ (D) preventing 4. “experts have opined” means (A) according to scientists’ discovery (B) according to experts imagination (C) according to the views of experts ✔ (D) according to experts study 5. A “study” refers to (A) a reading room (B) a book (C) a library (D) a research ✔ DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2010-2011 Choose the correct options (6-15): 6. The police questioned each witness in——- (A) return (B) order (C) turn ✔ (D) silence 7. Our thoughts——–on the missing students. (A) based (B) centred ✔ (C) imposed (D) depended 8. The new airport should be fully operational——the end of the year. (A) since (B) till (C) by ✔ (D) in 9. Neither Sufia nor I——–capable of solving the problem. (A) are (B) were (C) am ✔ (D) is 10. The player isn’t fat;———, he’s quite skinny. (A) in any case (B) by rights ✔ (C) in practice (D) on the contrary DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2010-2011 11. It was so embarrassing. The Bride——– (A) attended the wedding (B) got married (C) wore an expensive sari (D) fell asleep during the ceremony ✔ 12. The———of a camel was found lying by the side of the canal. (A) corpse ✔ (B) corset (C) corps (D) casket NB: If carcass were an option, the right answer would be a carcass. 13. ——–Mr. Forbes will be able to regain control of the company. (A) With hard only work (B) In spite of his hard work (C) Only if he works hardly (D) Only with hard work ✔ 14. The discovery of penicillin was a——-discovery (A) sensory (B) sensible (C) sensational ✔ (D) sensitive 15. For those who suffer——nerves, the remedy lies——perfect rest. (A) for, with (B) from, in ✔ (C) of, to (D) at, into DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2010-2011 Choose the correct meaning of the following idioms (16-17)): 16. “To wash one’s dirty linen in public” (A) to quarrel in the open (B) to do some ugly work in public ✔ (C) to wash one’s clothes in the open (D) to suffer from shortage of water 17. “To smell a rat” (A) to smell a bad smell (B) to suspect a trick or deceit ✔ (C) to misunderstand (D) to fall sick Identify the one underlined word or phrase that would not be acceptable in standard English (18-20) 18. Writers (A) like (B) William Shakespeare and Edgar Allan Poe are not (C) only prolific but too (D) ✔ interesting. 19. News (A) of Charles Lindbergh’s famous transatlantic flight in 1927 spread (B) rapidly despite of (C) ✔ the lack of an (D) international communication system. 20. At the rate the clerks Were processing (A) the applications, Rahim figured that it will (B) ✔ take four hours for his (C) to be reviewed (D) DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2010-2011 Identify the correct sentence (21-22) 21. Identify the correct sentence (A) One of the problem’s are extremely easy to solve. (B) One of the problem is extremely easy to solve. (C) One of the problems is extremely easy to solve.✔ (D) One of the problem are extremely easy to solve. 22. Identify the correct sentence (A) Jamal was born in 13 April in 1992 (B) Jamal was born on 13 April in 1992 ✔ (C) Jamal was born on April 13 on 1992 (D) Jamal was born in 13 April on 1992 Choose the correct synonyms of the words given in 23-24: 23. PENSIVE (A) costly (B) thoughtful ✔ (C) spoiled (D) written 24. INDIGNATION (A) humiliation (B) anger ✔ (C) lacking dignity (D) none 25. The word ‘subterfuge’ means (A) subtlety (B) cunning (C) simplicity (D) trickery ✔ DU A-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2010-2011 26. The correct translation of “গাছে এখনও ফল ধরে নাই” is (A)The tree has not yet borne fruit ✔ (B) The tree has not caught any fruit (C) The tree cannot bear fruit (D)The tree has not given any fruit 27. “Mutation” is a process (A) in which due to genetic changes new forms of structures are developed ✔ (B)when a person is unable to speak because of facial paralysis (C)when people refuse to obey orders (D) in Which the body is damaged severely 28. In English if two different words have the same spelling and pronunciation they are called (A) synonyms (B) homographs (C) homophones (D) homonyms ✔ 29. The antonym of ‘desolate’ is (A)populous ✔ (B) isolated (C) abandoned (D) disfigured 30. The verb of “hallucination” is (A) hallucinatory (B) hallucinogen (C) hallucine (D) hallucinate ✔ Helvetica Light is an easy-to-read font, with tall and narrow letters, that works well on almost every site. B (Kha)UNIT DU B-UNIT ADMISSION TEST ENGLISH 2015-16 1. Which of the following words best replaces ‘revealed’ in the sentence: Studies have revealed that infections are associated with cancers. A. found ✔ B. warned C. emphasized D. told 2. ‘No man is an island’. What does this proverb mean? A. Everyone should always be prepared B. It is best to do everything on time C. Everyone needs help from other people ✔ D. Your own home is the most comfortable place to live in 3. Choose appropriate articles. (Questions 3-4): One of Akbar’s most vigorous opponents during his lifetime had been — outstanding scholar, Sheikh Ahmed, and like Akbar, he was also venerated as — Perfect Man by his own disciples. A. the, the B. an, a ✔ C. an, the D. the, a 4. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Memorial Museum stands as — symbol not only of the greatest moments in our history but also as evidence of the darkest moment in — history of this land, A. the, a B. a, no article C. a, the ✔ D. the, no article Read the passage below and answer questions 5-9: Vultures are not careful about what they eat. This makes them vulnerable to eating meat that could be toxic. The consequence often is the death of these birds. That is one reason why these birds are not widely seen in Bangladesh anymore. The other is that the trees which vultures perch on have also been disappearing from the land. The net result is the birds are not present throughout the country in the numbers in which they were viewed a generation, or even a decade, ago. 5. A suitable title for the passage would be: A. Birds of Bangladesh B. Food habits of Vultures C. Disappearing Trees D. Disappearing Vultures of Bangladesh ✔ 6. The net result’ is closest in meaning to which of the following words that have also been used in the passage: A. Consequence ✔ B. perch C. generation D. reason 7. An antonym for ‘toxic’ is: A. deadly B. fatal C. contaminating D. harmless ✔ 8. A ‘decade’ is the same as: A. twelve years B. ten years ✔ C. twenty years D. thirty years 9. Widely’ used in the passage is a/an: A. adjective B. adverb ✔ C. participle D. gerund Fill in the blanks with suitable word/s (Questions 10-18): 10. Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the islanders must — much of their food. A. deliver B. import ✔ C. produce D. utilize 11. Make sure you read all the — carefully before setting up the device. A. packaging B. papers C. instructions ✔ D. Files 12. After the governor’s third overseas trip, voters complained that he was paying too little attention to — affairs. A. foreign B. domestic ✔ C. professional D. intellectual 13. Pinocchio is hungry and looks for an egg to cook — an omelette; but, to his surprise, the omelette flies out of the window. A. his own self B. itself C. oneself D. himself ✔ 14. Nature finds ways to ensure the survival of — . A. the fittest ✔ B. the fitters C. the fitting D. the fits 15. — Pohela Boishakh, there is a festive mood all — the country. A. at, over B. in, across C. since, across D. on, over ✔ 16. — did Kamal realize that there was a danger. A. Upon entering the bank B. When he entered the bank C. Only after entering the bank ✔ D. After he had entered the bank 17. ‘Rose’ is often used as—for beauty or the beautiful. A. a metaphor B. parallel C. collocation D. euphemism ✔ 18. He is hardworking and — A. I am so B. so I am C. so am I ✔ D. I too am 19. Which word is spelt correctly? A. concensus B. hiararchy C. medieval ✔ D. prossession 20. The word ‘Vegetarian’ refers to A. plants ✔ B. animals C. mammals D. carnivores 21. Which of the following is a form of ‘die’? A. dryad B. dye C. dying ✔ D. dieing 22. Find a synonym for the word ‘vigorous’ from the options given below: A. Important and necessary B. shaping and quivering C. strong and energetic ✔ D. harmful and dangerous 23. Choose the correct passive sentence: A. The meeting is to be reschedule B. The meeting is to be rescheduled ✔ C. The meeting is to rescheduled D. The meeting to be rescheduled 24. We must discourage people — throwing trash in public places. A. for B. from ✔ C. into D. into 25. “মিনা বললো যে, সে অসুস্থ” The correct translation of this sentence is: A. Meena told that she has been ill. B. Meena said that she is ill. C. Meena said that she was ill. ✔ D. Meena told that she was ill. DU B-UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2014-2015 Answer questions (1-6) based on the following passage. The first shock that I received had nothing to do with the stone figures I had come to see. It was the sight of the island itself that filled me with astonishment. It was so barren: there were no trees, and it was apparent that scarcely any ground was good enough to support crops. Yet nobody looked hungry or unhappy! The second shock left me in a state of wonder. Many people have indeed seen photographs of the enormous stone figures, but the pictures show single statues or groups of only three or four. What I now discovered was that there are hundreds; they are all over the island. The greatest concentration of the figures is near the eastern tip. Here lies the quarry from which the stone was taken. 1. Which sentence is true? A.Many statues were spread all over the island. ✔ B.There was only single or small groups of statues. C.All statues were near the eastern tip of the island. D.The photographs gave a clear idea about the statues. 2. What was the result of the writer’s second shock? A. He was baffled. B. He was delighted. C. He was disappointed. D. He was amazed ✔ 3. In the passage “quarry” means. A. the place where the statues were made. B. a track. C. the place from where the stone was dug out. ✔ D. the hunted animal. 4. The word “apparent” means A. uncertain B. confusing C. obvious ✔ D. surprising 5. What surprised the writer at first? A. The stone figures B. The size of the statues C. The island itself ✔ D. The quarry 6. Why was the writer astonished by the fact that the island was barren? A. a barren island could produce so many statues B. nobody looked unhappy or hungry ✔ C. the soil was fertile but no crops were grown D. There was a stone quarry DU B-UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2014-2015 7. To “catch off guard” means A. to neglect the duty B. to get someone when he/she is careless ✔ C. to be on guard D. to substitute a guard 8. In the poem “Ozymandias”, the phrase “king of kings” is an example of A. exaggeration ✔ B. irony C. sarcasm D. humour 9. his convincing argument, the project was not approved. A. Although B. However C. Despite ✔ D. In spite 10. In Robert Herrick’s poem “To Daffodils” human life is compared with A. summer’s rain. B. morning’s dew. C. spring. D. all three(A,B ,C ) ✔ DU B-UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2014-2015 11. He wanted nobody to know the treasure was hidden. A. except him, what B. but himself, where ✔ C. else, which D. and him, when 12. The universities have opened recently,__________ A. aren’t they B. hasn’t they C. haven’t they ✔ D. weren’t they 13. The word “fabricate” is nearest in meaning to A. manufacture ✔ B. demolish C. refresh D. arrange 14. Several new diseases in the recent years. A. grown up B. have come up ✔ C. have discovered D. Have found DU B-UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2014-2015 15. Hamidur Rahman to make the of the Shaheed Minar. A. had a responsibility, foundation B. was asked, selection C. had, construction D. was assigned, design ✔ 16. Control, Sabah! Everything is fine, so don’t start crying A. yourself ✔ B. you C. me D. herself 17. Rahim is one___ superstitious people I know. A. much B. very much C. of the more D. of the most ✔ 18. ——pair of socks ——too small for me. A. This, is ✔ B. These, are C. These, is D. This, are 19. All my efforts to bring about a compromise ended——smoke. A. with B. in ✔ C. off D. through DU B-UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2014-2015 20. When……Penicillin? A. did Fleming invent ✔ B. Fleming invented C. Fleming invents D. has Fleming invented 21. We went to Rajshahi last month to see the house where we____in the 1960s. A. Will live B. live C. would live D. used to live ✔ 22. While the man………in the field, suddenly a dog came and…….him. A. was, bite B. was working, bit ✔ C. worked, bitten D. was working, bite 23. We…..to Dhaka in 1994 and…….here since then. A. came, lived B. came, were living C. came, have been living ✔ D. came, had lived 24. Choose the appropriate translation of “তুমি আমাকে এটিই আগে দিতে পারলে ভাল হত। ” A It would have better if you could give it to me earlier C. It could have better if you could give it earlier C .It should have better if you gave it to me earlier D. Giving it to me earlier should have been better. ✔ 25. The weather is____ gloomier today than it was yesterday. A. more B. more than C. very D. much ✔ DU B UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2013-2014 Answer questions 1-5 based on the following passage. Academically, Asian students are outperforming their American counterparts on all levels. However, as adults, we are finding ourselves falling short in the area of creativity and the ability to influence others, and the successful people are those who can know to influence others. This is an area that is emphasized in a Western upbringing. In the West, children are taught to question authority by asking why, something which is not encouraged in Asian culture. At the same time, I think the Western emphasis on creativity may have gone too far. On the other hand, in Asia, there is too much emphasis on memorization and drilling. I find that my Asia students in law school have trouble coming up with creative ideas. Ideally, we should take the best from both worlds. 1. To explain the relationship between upbringing and student performance the writer has a.provided a dictionary meaning of upbringing. b.given statistics of student performance. c. used logic to reach a conclusion d. compared and contrasted students of two different cultures. ✔ 2. The word ‘outperform’ means a. to achieve b. to fall short c. to surpass ✔ d. to produce 3. The aim of the writer is to persuade the reader that a. the Western way of upbringing is superior to the Asian ways. b. he most effective upbringing is the Asian way. c. Western children are brighter than Asian children. d. both ways of upbringing have advantages and disadvantages. ✔ 4. Which is a criticism of Western upbringing made by the writer? a. There is not enough respect for authority. b. There is too much stress on creativity. ✔ c. There is not enough memorization. d. There is a shortfall of discipline. 5. The phrase ‘on the other hand’ is used to signal that the writer will a. conclude the text. b. present the opposite point of view. ✔ c. give an example. d. elaborate the previous point DU B UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2013-2014 6. The woman was someone might recognize her. a. afraid so b. afraid about c. afraid that ✔ d. afraid with 7. An “apple of discord” means a. a beautiful object b. an object of dispute ✔ c. a favourite thing d. a delicious fruit 8. The noun of ‘predict’ is a. prediction ✔ b. predicted c. predictable d. predicting 9. Iron for weapons and tools in the Bronze Age. a. was generally used ✔ b. is generally used c. used d. generally used 10. A snake can eat and digest animals much larger than a. it b. itself ✔ c. it has d. its DU B UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2013-2014 11. Of the two boys, Latif is intelligent. a. most b. more ✔ c. as d. far 12. They have tried but failed, a. haven’t they ✔ b. aren’t they c. didn’t they d. don’t they 13. of his obstinacy, we could not reach any conclusion. a. Full b. Much c. Great deal d. Because ✔ 14. respect your point of view, I cannot agree. a. Much as I ✔ b. As much I c. I also d. so much as I 15. Choose the mis-matched pair. a. immune, protected b. nervous, disturbed c. neurotic, stable ✔ d. net, mesh DU B UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2013-2014 16. She went__the big gate__the prison__the road. a. through, of, into ✔ b. into, by, to c. across, inside, over d. by, to, on 17. Choose the appropriate translation of “আমি তোমার জায়গায় হলে ঝুঁকিটি নিতাম না।” a. If I were you I could not have taken the risk. b. Was I you I would not take the risk. c.If I was you, I would not take the risk. d. If I were in your shoes, would not have taken the risk. ✔ 18. In “Jerry” the writer says that when she gave Jerry some candy and apples he a. smiled in gratitude. b. thanked her. c. just looked at her. ✔ d. did some extra work. 19. Choose the correct spelling. a. Inacessibility b. Inaccissibility c. Inaccessebility d. Inaccessibility ✔ 20. The word ‘ingenious’ means a. deceptive b. skilful ✔ c. simple d. complicated 21. The synonym of ‘commemorate’ is a. overlook b. memorize c. observe ✔ d. assert 22. The antonym of ‘assail’ is a. attack b. prevail c. befriend ✔ d. fly 23. From “I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud” we can infer that the poet saw a. a host of yellow daffodils. b. a large number of daffodils. ✔ c. the milky way and daffodils. d. ten thousand daffodils. 24. My broken ankle is—-me. a. hurting ✔ b. wounding c. paining d. aching 25. You may—- culture shock by getting—-to the new way of life. a. feel, used b. overcome, accustomed ✔ c. get, expose d. need, familiar DU B-UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2012-13 Answer questions 1 — 6 based on the following passage. There are some qualities of a sonnet which make it different from other verse forms. Its definite restrictions make it a challenge to the artistry of the poet and call for all the technical skills at the poet’s command. The more or less set rhyme patterns occurring regularly within the short space of fourteen lines afford a pleasant effect” on the ear of the reader and can create truly musical effects. The rigidity of the form precludes too great economy of too great prodigality of words. Emphasis is placed on exactness and perfection of expression. The brevity of form favours concentrated expression of ideas or passion. 1. The word ‘brevity’ means. (a) shortness (b) freedom (c) conciseness ✔ (d) permanence 2. What characteristic of a sonnet can create musical effects? (a) form (B) regular rhyme patterns ✔ (c) suitable words (d) verse form 3. The author’s primary purpose is to (a) identify the characteristics of a sonnet. ✔ (b) contrast different types of sonnets. (c) criticize the limitations of the sonnet. (d) teach readers to compose proper sonnets. 4. The word ‘afford’ means. (a) exaggerate (b) charge (c) able to pay (d) provide ✔ 5. The author’s attitude towards the sonnet form can be best described as one of (a) strong disapprobation (b) effusive enthusiasm. (c) scholarly appreciation. ✔ (d) amused toleration. 6. The adjective of ‘rigidity’ is. (a) rigor (b) rigid ✔ (c) rigorous (d) rigidness DU B-UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2012-13 7. It was so dark that the security guard could not see. (a) nobody (b) somebody (c) anyone ✔ (d) none 8. Choose the correct sentence. (a) The children were delighted by the monkeys swinging through the trees. ✔ (b)Swinging of the monkeys through the trees, the children were delighted. (c)The monkeys swinging through the trees, the children were delighted. (d)Because the monkeys swinging through the trees, the children were delighted. 9. the rain, the cricket match was not cancelled. (a) Due to (b) Although (c) Despite of (d) In spite of ✔ 10. The proposal was tentative means, the proposal was. (a) conclusive (b) indefinite ✔ (c) definite (d) timely 11. ——is it difficult——- dispose —— waste? (a) Where, to, for (b) When, for, such (c) Why, with, in – (d) Why, to, of ✔ DU B-UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2012-13 12. If I had not intervened at the right moment, Jim arrested. (a) may have been (b) can have been (c) might have been ✔ (d) could have 13. The antonym of ‘dormant’ is. (a) latent (b) active ✔ (c) sluggish (d) torpid. 14. The synonym of ‘pandemonium’ is. (a) order (b) calm (c) commotion✔ (d) peace 15. —is considered a serious crime. (a) Shoplift (b) To shoplifting (c) Shoplifter – (d) Shoplifting ✔ DU B-UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2012-13 16. —resigned, we would have been forced to sack him. (a) Had he not ✔ (b) He had (c) Has he (d) If he has not 17. The word ‘amenable’ means —— –. (a) moveable (b) durable (c) agreeable ✔ (d) answerable 18. Frequent____badly____academic progress. (a) closure, affect (b) closures, effects (c) closures, affects ✔ (d) closures, affect 19. The antonym of ‘blasphemous’ is. (a) irreverent (b) respectful ✔ (c) rigid (d) frivolous DU B-UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2012-13 20. Some of my relatives have left—Canada—to find jobs. (a) to, expectation (b) for, desire (c) at. wishing (d) for, hoping ✔ 21. I’d —- a blue bedcover—-a green one. (a) prefer, to ✔ (b) like, to (c) prefer, for (d) buy, in 22. What do you—-is the—— cause of air—–? (a) say, chief, pollution (b) consider. primary, scarcity (c) think, main, pollution ✔ (d) count, only, filth 23. Jerry said, “I——the axe ——.” (a) put down, slow – (b) brought down, carelessly ✔ (c)took away, now (d)hit over, powerfully 24. In “I wondered Lonely as a Cloud” Wordsworth companies the daffodils with . (a) the stars of the milky way ✔ (b) the waves (c) the trees (d) the milky way 25. Choose the English translation of “সৌভাগ্যক্রমে পরের বাসে আমি উঠতে পেরেছিলাম। ” (a) Fortunately, I could get on the next bus. ✔ (b) Fortunate I managed the next bus. (c) Luckily I entered the next bus. (d) Luckily I rode the next bus. DU B-UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2011-12 Answer questions 1-8 based on the following: Making judgments about people is a common feature of everyday life. We are continually evaluating what others say and do, in comments called for or not, offering criticism and feedback informally to friends and colleagues about their behaviour. Formal, institutional judgments figure prominently in our lives too. For example, people pass driving tests, survive the probationary period in a new job, get promotions at work, succeed at interviews, win Oscars for performances in a film, win medals in driving competitions, and are released from prison for good behaviour. 1. In the passage, we get mainly——types of judgments. a. Two ✔ b. Three c. Four d. Seven 2. According to the passage, judgments are a. Seldom made b. Frequently made ✔ c. Rarely made d. Discouraged 3. ‘figure’ stands for a. Shape b. Number c. Occur d. Picture ✔ 4. ‘the probationary period’ is the—-period. a. Learning b. Trial ✔ c. Leave d. Service 5. ‘evaluating’ means a. Recalling b. Tasting c. Assessing ✔ d. Balancing 6. ‘called for’ refers to a. Asked for ✔ b. Followed c. Begged for d. Summoned 7. ‘feedback’ stands for a. Encouragement b. Opinion ✔ c. Entertainment d. Help 8. The term ‘institutional judgments’ means a. Official judgments ✔ b. Set judgments c. Stereotyped judgments d. Judging institutions DU B-UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2011-12 9. Camping—-usually provide facilities—-entertainment. a. Site, for b. Sight, in c. Sites, for ✔ d. Sites, at 10. She took me—the hand, and led me—-the dais. a. At, over b. In, on c. On, from d. By, to ✔ 11. —-there any nursing schools—-Chittagong? a. Is, at b. Are, on c. Was, in d. Are, in ✔ 12. Where—-all the boys a. has, gone b. have, gone ✔ c. did, went d. does, go DU B-UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2011-12 13. The players are—-tired—-nervous. a. very, but b. neither, or c. either, or ✔ d. either, nor 14. Choose the English translation of —“তুমি কি কখনো কুয়াকাটা গিয়েছো”? a. Have you ever gone to Kuakata? b. Have you ever gone Kuakata? c. Have you ever been to Kuakata? ✔ d. Did you ever go to Kuakata? 15. Which pair of words is synonymous? a.waste, trash ✔ b. reduce, rubbish c. recycle, destroy d. conserve, consume 16. ‘contaminate’ means a. purify b. pollute ✔ c. corruption d. think DU B-UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2011-12 17. Choose the correct sentence: a. his hairs are not straight and curly b.his hair is not straight but curly ✔ c. his hairs are straight and curly d. his hairs are not straight but curly 18. The man—–down silently and—-his food. a. sits, took b. sat, take c. sat, had taken d. sat, took ✔ 19. ‘niche’ means a. surface b. centre c. edge ✔ d. hollow 20. In Shelley’s `Ozymandias’ — ‘frown’, and ‘sneer of cold command’ are seen on— a. the pedestal of the statue b. desert sand c. two trunk-less legs d. shattered visage ✔ DU B-UNIT ADMISSION TEST 2011-12 21. The Taj Mahal is a/an—-monument of the——- a. Indian, 18th b. Indian, 16th c. Moghal, 17th ✔ d. Moghal, 18th 22. The word ‘substantiate’ is a/an——– a. verb ✔ b. adjective c. noun d. adverb 23. He got a —-of land——his village. a. lease, on b. slice, into c. plot, through d. lease, in ✔ 24. One of the____ of globalization is cultural_____ a. effect, shock b. affects, surprise c. effects, assault ✔ d. effect, confusion 25. The team is qualified,_______ ? a. isn’t it ✔ b. wasn’t it c. hasn’t it d. doesn’t it C (Ga)UNIT DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2013-14 Read the following passage and answer question 1-5: The Geographical Indication (GI) Law 2013, the first of its kind in Bangladesh, was enacted in parliament on Tuesday to protect the patent rights of traditional products. ‘Historically, we produce some unique products naturally that others cannot. The law will ensure the exclusive rights of the products,’ said Industries Secretary Mohammad Moinuddin Abdullah. The government has passed the law in compliance with Article-22 of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. GI is a name or sign used on certain products to certify that they possess certain qualities because they are made as per traditional methods or enjoy a certain reputation due to their geographical origin. The law will protect the country’s claims to commodities such as hilsa fish, jamdani sari, nakshikantha and fruits, including pineapple and fazli, a variety of mango, said Mahboob Murshed, who is an advocate of the Supreme Court and a legal expert on GI law. This means that the real producers of any particular goods in an area will get the absolute rights to their registered products, he went on to observe, and added that the law will ensure that customers get genuine products. 1. The government passed the GI law in compliance to certify that, a. The products are made according to some random methods and originated from specific geographical location b. The products are made in accordance with a very systematic process and originate from a historical location. c. The products possess superior qualities or enjoy a certain reputation due to their cultural origin. d. The products are made according to some specific methods and their location. e. The products are made according to some traditional methods or have an exclusive reputation and originated from a specific geographical location ✔ 2. GI law will look out for the interest of- a. The government b. The hoarders c. The consumers ✔ d. The importers e. The registered products 3. The GI law will protect our commodities so that other countries cannot- a. claim their rights to the products and also the customers will have access to genuine products ✔ a.claim their access to the products and so that customers also can sell the products. b.deny their authority to the products and the customers will have access to a delivery of products c.demand rights to the products and the customers will strive to buy genuine products d.offer export privileges to the products and also give customers the authority to mass produce the commodities. 4. Who is the authority to pass/approve GI act in Bangladesh? a. The Prime Minister b. The Ministry of Commerce c. The President d. The Parliament ✔ e. The Supreme Court 5. The phrase ‘protect the patent rights of traditional products’ can be explained by which of the following phrase? a.to encourage others to supervise patent rights of traditional products b. to ensure that patent rights of traditional products are safeguarded. ✔ b.to effectively thwart others from securing patent rights of traditional products c.to actualize patent rights of traditional products effectively d.to realize patent rights of traditional products comprehensively. DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2013-14 6. He was happy to be——friends. a. along b. into c. between d. middle of e. among ✔ 7. While going to the class—— a. the dog bit me b. a dog bit me c. a dog bite me d. I was bitten by a dog ✔ e. A dog had bitten me 8. Which one of the following words is spelt incorrectly? a. repercussions b. examplification ✔ c. sausage d. cigarettes e. grammatical 9. The antonym for ‘delicious’ is: a. scrumptious b. displeasing ✔ c. dainty d. toothsome e. appetizing 10. A dolphin—–a porpoise in that it has a longer nose. a. differs b. different from c. differs from ✔ d. different e. differs than DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2013-14 11. The people of Quebec have been considering—-themselves from the rest of Canada. a. to separate b. separating ✔ c. separated d. separate e. to be separated 12. ‘A piece of cake’ means a. A result that is still unclear and can go either way b. A hidden or secret strength c. A task that can be accomplished very easily ✔ d. A very mild punishment e. A kind, innocent and mild mannered person 13. Identify one of the underlined words or phrases that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct: He made me (sit down)/A sit down, and (he was tying)/B ✔ the string of the new (rubber appron)/C tightly around/D my neck, and combined/E combed up my hair. 14. Taking the time to eat a good breakfast is a simple was’ to make the morning—–and the day——- a. easy, easier ✔ b. best, easiest c. ease, easy d. better, easer e. well, at ease 15. What is the synonym for the word ‘indifferent’? a. frank b. not differing c. similar d. unhappy e. apathetic ✔ DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2013-14 16. What is the noun form of the world ‘defer’? a. difference b. deferation c. deferment ✔ d. defomiation e. defermint! 17. Despite the lack of evidence, politicians——blaming the media for violence. a. cannot resist ✔ b. will not have resisted c. may not resist d. should not resist e. do not resist 18. Choose the correct preposition: Do you know the solution —–the economic crisis? a. at b. for c. on d. to e. about ✔ 19. The word ‘off-spring’ means a. Strength b. Winter c. fountain d. Tw ins e. Children ✔ 20. It is high time we—–the people conscious about our national interest. a. should make b. will make c. must make d. have to e. made ✔ DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2013-14 21. What is the adjective form of divide? a. divisible ✔ b. dividable c. diviidible d. divisable e. devisable 22. Let us not—–our past mistakes. a, dwelt b. dwell about c. dwell on ✔ d. dwell e. dwell at Choose the correct sentences (Questions 18-19) 23. a. He will thought that she is leaving for Sylhet. b. He thought that she is left for Sylhet. c. He thinks that she leaving for Sylhet. d. He thinks that she has left for Sylhet: ✔ e. He is thinking that she leaves for Sylhet. 24. a. Mary has been on a diet for three weeks. ✔ b. Mary has been on a diet since three weeks. c. Mary had been on a diet since three weeks. d. Mary was on a diet since weeks. e. Mary is on a diet since three weeks. 25. Find the misspelt word a. asthma b. cholera c. dehydration d. typhoid ✔ e. headache DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2012-2013 Read the following passage and answer (Questions 1 through 5): Joy Card and Printing Ltd. a local company, made around 4 million SIM Cards since 2011 at its own plant for the country’s mobile phone operators, a testimony to the capability to domestic enterprises. From 2010, the company also supplied 40 million scratch cards, used for recharging balance in mobile phones. This local initiative was able to gain confidence in both national and multinational cell phone companies. Joy. a 200-person strong company with the capacity to produce 2 million SIM cards a month. imports ABS sheet and then installs chips for making the SIM cards. However, the company today is faced with a setback due to poor customer acquisition and the operators’ unwillingness to buy the SIN1 cards from domestic markets. 1. One drawback faced by the company was: A. overproduction B. underproduction of SIM sets C. regulatory problem D. lack of interest in local SIM cards ✔ E. lack of government support 2. ‘Acquisition’ in the passage implies: A. lacking B. loss C. gaining ✔ D. dearth E. want 3. The passage is all about– A. The inefficiency of local mobile markets B. A local mobile film’s experience of SIM production C. The competitive nature of mobile banking D. Lack of government initiative in SIM production ✔ E. The structure of the mobile market in Bangladesh 4. ‘Testimony’ in the passage implies: A. hypothesis B. test case C. evidence ✔ D. glamour E. denial 5. ‘Plant’ in the passage refers to: A. a place on the ground B. something inserted C. a perennial product D. an industrial site ✔ E. a large estate for crops DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2012-2013 6. Which do you think is the nearest in meaning to ‘proviso’: A. sanction B. substitute C. directive D. supply E. stipulation ✔ 7. Antonym of ‘dogma’ is: A. doctrine B. principle C. tenet D. unbelief ✔ E. rule 8. Synonym of ‘apex’ is: A. base B. zenith ✔ C. bottom D low E. floor 9. ‘To smell a rat’ means: A. to smell a bad smell B. to suspect a trick or deceit ✔ C. to misunderstand D. to have dirty ways E. to be bothersome 10. Antonym of ‘tedious’ is: A. boring B. monotonous C. tiresome D. refreshing ✔ E. dull DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2012-2013 11. ‘Out and out’ means: A. not at all B. someone from outside C to get out D. to be last E. thoroughly ✔ 12. ‘Pediatric’ relates to the treatment of: A. adults B. women C. old people D. children ✔ E. men Identify one of the underlined words or phrases that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct: 13. Joseph’s story (A) is a (D) clinical portrayal (C) of man as an animal (D) trapped by the fear (E) ✔and hunger. 14. The doctor suggested that the patient——weight. A. should lose B. would lose C. loss D. lose ✔ E. lost 15. Our friends will—— for two nights. A. put us up ✔ B. put us in C. provide us in D. provide us up E. provide after 16. The ozone in the upper layers of Earth’s atmosphere is beneficial,———animal and plant life from dangerous ultraviolet radiation. A. withdrawing B. thwarting C. displacing D. reflecting E. protecting ✔ DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2012-2013 17. Once the audience began to applaud and laugh at his jokes, Monem felt more—– A. professional B. ambiguous C. uncertain D. relaxed ✔ E. uncomfortable 18. We drove——– the river for an hour——turned north before we reached it. A. to, and B. back. when C. towards, but ✔ D. in, to e. on. so 19. There is—– in one of front teeth. A. a. filing B. a cavity C. decay ✔ D. food E. growth 20. Which one is the correct spelling? A. scaning B. stoped C. dyeing ✔ D. recomend E. buget 21. Which of the following pairs expresses a relationship different from the rest in terms of their parts of speech? A. Convince-Convincing B. Persuade-Persuasive C. Vary-various D. Economize-Economic E. Fame-Famous ✔ DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2012-2013 22. Synonym of ‘paradox’ is: A. exaggeration B. hyperbole C. contradiction ✔ D. invective E. poetic device Choose the correct sentences (Questions 23 through 25): 23. Choose the correct sentences. A. If I found a bag in the street, I will take it to the police. B. If I found a bag in the street, I would take it to the police. ✔ C. If I found a bag in the street, I took it to the police. D. If I found a bag in the street, I’ll be taking it to the police. E. If I found a bag in the street, I have taken it to the police. 24. Choose the correct sentences. A.He used the phrase you know so often that I finally said, No. I don’t know. B.He used the phrase “you know” so often that I finally said, No, I don’t know. C.He used the phrase you know so often that I finally said. “No, I don’t know.” D. He used the phrase “you know” so often that I finally said, “No, I don’t know,” E. He used the phrase “you know” so often that I finally said, “No I don’t know.” ✔ 25. Choose the correct sentences. A. Why you have done this? B. Why did you have done this? C. Why have you done this? ✔ D. Why you had done this? E. Why did you done this? DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2011-2012 Answer questions 1-5 based on the following passage: Decentralization is the latest cliché in most of the today’s development literature and stems .mainly recognition that centralized state agencies have been seen to be inefficient in providing services. However, with the growing consensus that appropriate and sustainable social change successful without the decentralization of the economy and policy, more governments of countries are adopting decentralization as a firm policy. However, there is a feeling among social workers that the full implication of decentralization has not been fully worked out, with that process is frequently defective. Even if it was possible to speed up the rate at which information to the center can be passed and processed at the same pace as to me decentralized systems, the fact remains that the quantum of information flowing to and from the center is massive and will therefore require more time, and definitely better management, than it would, if the administration was decentralized. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that decentralization will greatly benefit the people as the Quality of information will be le: s distorted, for this invariably depends on the distance it has to travel. It, therefore, stands to reason that the centralized systems are likely to receive poorer inflows of Information, resulting in less efficiency than the decentralized, for the geographical, cultural and conceptual distance that separates program managers from the more vulnerable groups is less as this often is what relates the deficiencies in statistical flow in the feedback and information base by the time lags in analysis and response. Centralized management of social services is always, therefore, likely to be less efficient and less responsive to the needs of the vulnerable, mainly because they lack flexibility. To this can be added the general lack of empathy felt for the disadvantaged which is always a danger to the larger system. 1. Which of the following best expresses the author’s purpose in writing this passage? a . to emphasize the need for information. b. to inform the readers about benefits of planning. c. to focus on the advantages of centralization. d. to underscore the importance of decentralization for better management. e. to compare between centralization and decentralization. ✔ 2. The quality of information may be affected when — a. all are put together b. some are presented in tabular form c. distortion takes place because of mobility problems ✔ d. government offices are closed e. flows from one person to another 3. In a centralized system, program managers are- a. given quick feedback without time-lags in analysis and response b. likely to suffer from deficiencies in information flows for time-lags in analysis and response ✔ c. good planners with all statistical flow tithe-lags in ‘analysis and response d. more vulnerable group e. people do not respond properly 4. In a larger system, social services can be provided a. to the disadvantaged group b. more efficiently in a decentralized system c. more efficiently in a decentralized system. ✔ d. without any flexibility e. with the help of a prompt response 5. The title below that best expresses the ideas in the passage is: a. Decentralized Information Flow ✔ b. Centralized information Flow c. Improving Social Services d. Decentralizing Social Services e. Making people aware of information flows Find the correct sentences (questions 6-8) 6. a. She is considering not to going. b, She is considering not to go. c. She is considering not going. ✔ d. She is considering to not go. e. She is considered to not going. DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2011-2012 7. a. He was too clever not to miss the point. b. He was so clever to miss the point. c. He was to clever too miss the point. d. He was clever to grasp the point. e. He was too clever to miss the point ✔ 8. a. It is I who am responsible for this ✔ b. It is I who is responsible for this c. One of the boys are absent d. The points is happy e. pair of shoes are on the table Choose the best option to replace the underlined part of the sentence (Question 9-10) 9. The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding ever since. a. that the universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding. ✔ b. that the universe had begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and had been expanding. c. that the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that has expanded d. the beginning of the universe to have been an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that is expanding e.the universe to have begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding. 10. Doctors generally agree that such factors as cigarette smoking, eating rich foods high in fats and alcohol consumption not only do damage by themselves but also aggravate genetic predispositions towards certain diseases. a. not only do damage by themselves but also aggravate ✔ b. do damage by themselves but also are aggravating to c. are damaging by themselves but also are aggravating d. not only do damage by themselves, they are also aggravating to e. are doing damage by themselves, and they are also aggravating DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2011-2012 Fill in the blanks (questions 11-15) 11. Rihanna was bright but lazy and because of his—–was never promoted. a. novelty b. sloth ✔ c. zeal d. indemnity e. wisdom 12. The change in the organization was so gradual that they seemed almost——. a. hasty b. spontaneous c. imperceptible ✔ d. distorted e. omitted 13. I regret that my remarks seemed—–: I never intended to belittle you. a. short-sighted b. justified c. unassailable d. disparaging ✔ e. adequate 14. When you encounter a new culture, many embarrassing situations occur—–a misunderstanding. a. for because b. because c. because of ✔ d. of e. to 15. The size and shape of a box depend primarily on the function——–intended. a. for which it is ✔ b. which it is c. which it is for d. for which is e. it is to be DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2011-2012 Find the synonyms of the following (questions 16-20) 16. FURTIVE a. Gallant b. Gullible c. Haughty d. Joyous e. Secret ✔ 17. TRANQUIL a. Insolent b. Angry c. Hostile d. Sagacious e. Calm ✔ 18. DESPISE a. Command b. Infuriate c. Abhor ✔ d. Facilitate e. Fluctuate 19. AUTOGRAPHY a. Graph paper b. Out of graph c. writing about ✔ d. Graphical thing e. Good writing 20. BAD BLOOD a. Wrong blood b. Poisonous Find the c. Enmity ✔ d. Friendship e. Affinity DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2011-2012 Find out the antonyms of the following (Question No.21-23) 21. DOCILE a. Complex b. Unruly ✔ c. Optimistic d. Fatuous e. Hopeful 22. OMINOUS a. Abundant b. Adept c. Wasteful d. Favourable ✔ e. Formidable 23. NOCTURNAL a. Diurnal ✔ b. Good c. Puny d. Spacious e. Terse Choose the pairs that express a relationship similar to the one expressed by the capitalized pair (questions 24-25) 24. PLAY: ACTS a. Essay: Topics b. Game: Athletes c. Novel: Chapter ✔ d. Poem: Rhymes e. Drama: Actors 25. CAUTION: ACCIDENT a. Radar: Collision ✔ b. Policeman: Criminal c. Worry: Disaster d. Sanitation: Filth e. Carelessness: Plan DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2010-2011 Answer ques. (1-5) based on the following passage Pahela. Baishakh is perhaps the single biggest celebration for the Bangalees. On this morning everybody is happy and relaxed and everybody has a smile on their lips. Greetings are exchanged, gifts given and received, and sweets distributed. Violence and despair do not figure in this day, they are things done away with, and it is only the joy and happiness of the moment that unites the Bengalees. Tragedy and absurdity take leave, to be replaced by hopes and dreams. For are we not what we dream? And on Pahela Baishakh, the Bengalees dream and sing and we are left wondering in a quiet moment by ourselves, how a nation which is so fond of music and songs, which has created and produced amongst the best poets and singers of the world, can stoop to such of moral depravity. It must not be allowed to flourish. On this first day of Bengali New Year, the resolution should be one of unity, of live and compassion, not one of hate and discord. Let us all attempt to rise above our self-seeking selves, to unite together. For once, let us not allow our petty differences to rule our hearts the Bangalees are capable of far better, far superior things as has been proven over and over again. Let us all say on Pahela Baishakh, with determination. “Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high, where knowledge is free, where words come out from the depths of truth – into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake. 1. According to the writer, the most unifying factor for the Bengalees is: A. The hopes and dreams for a better future B. The joy and happiness of Pahela Baishakh ✔ C. The month of Ramadan and Eid-ul-Fitr D. The petty differences that rule our hearts E. The tragedy and calamity that we are in 2. The writer is making the following statements, except: A. We are self-seekers B. We have petty differences C. We encourage hatred and discord ✔ D. We are capable of better things E. We are a nation that can stoop to moral depravity 3. An apt title for the above passage would be: A. A Day in the Life of Bengalee B. A New Year’s Resolution C. Bengali Culture D. Bangla New Year E. Pahela Baishake-Effect on Bengali Culture ✔ 4. The writer suggests that on Pahela Baisakh Bengalees should do the following, except: A. Exchange greetings and gifts B. Shed violence and despair ✔ C. Spread love and happiness D. share petty difference E. Dream for a better future 5. From the quotation at the end of the passage, we get a picture of the country which is: A. Communist B. Democratic C. Socialist D. Idealistic ✔ E. Anarchist DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2010-2011 Find the correct sentences (question 6-8) 6. A. I still adhere to my plan. ✔ 7. B. The meeting was adjourned for a week. C. He is alarmed for any safety. D. He has been alienated to his friend. E. There is an affinity between two languages. 7. A. He is eligible for the post. ✔ B. No money is due to me from him. C. he deeply engrossed to his studies. D. He is easy to access E. The tiger emerged from the jungle into the open field. 8. A. We stayed for a short period of time in the hotel. B. We stayed for a short period in the hotel. ✔ C.We stayed during a short period in the hotel. D.We were stayed for a short period in the hotel. E.We did stayed for a short period of time in the hotel. Choose the best option(s) to replace the underlined part(s)of the sentence(s)(questions 9-10) 09. If one begins to smoke at an early age, it is likely that he will go on smoking further. A.it is likely that he will go on smoking further. B.he will probably keep smoking more and more C.it is hard to stop him from smoking more D. he is likely to continue smoking ✔ E. he will have a tendency to continue smoking. 10. Ratan maintained that his scholarship record was better or at least as good as hers. A. was better or at least as good as hers B. at its least was as good as hers C. was as good or better than hers. D. was better than or at least as good as hers. ✔ E. was better or at least as good as hers scholastic record. DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2010-2011 Fill in the blanks (question 11-15) 11. Companies often need to recognize their business and marketing —- significant changes in the business environment. A. as a result of B. in terms of C. in support of D. in response to ✔ E. because of 12. It is always —–when you misunderstand the customs of other countries. A. discouraging B. embarrassing ✔ C. peculiar D.singular E. attitude 13. I wish I —- enough time to work. A. have B. have had C. had ✔ D. have not E. have to have 14. Fortune never smiles — the lazy. A. on ✔ B. at C. for D. after E. to 15. In — nothing much happened at the meeting. A. briefly B. a short. C. shortly D. quick E. short ✔ DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2010-2011 Find the synonyms of the following (Ques. 16-18) 16. ABORTIVE A. fruitful B. successful C. consuming D. unsuccessful ✔ E. miserable 17. VOLATILE A. fluctuating ✔ B. friendly C. temporary D. beautiful E. docile 18. ADULTERATION A. refining B. sanitization C. contamination ✔ D. adulthood E. pessimism Find the antonyms of the following (Ques. 19-21) 19. ALTRUISM A. amity B. base C. selfishness ✔ D. chaos E. concern 20. FALLACIOUS A. safe B. energetic C. diverted D. valid ✔ E. persuasive DU C-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2010-2011 21. BLUNT A. timid B. fickle C. sharp ✔ D. shallow E. ugly Find the appropriate meanings of the phrases in bold (questions 22-23) 22. White elephant A. an elephant of white colour B. an elephant of black colour C. a boar D. a black marketer E. a very costly and troublesome possession ✔ 23. Maiden speech A. last speech B. early speech C. final speech D. first speech ✔ E. middle speech Choose the pairs that express a relationship similar to the one expressed by the capitalized pair (question 24-25) 24. MASTER: SERVANT A. judge: jury B. capital: labour C. monarch: subject D. landlord: tenant ✔ E. serf: peasant 25. CANDLE: TALLOW A. banana peel B. statue: bronze ✔ C. furniture: polish D. fire: ashes E. temple preacher D(Gha) UNIT DU D Unit English Question Solution 19-20 Dhaka University D Unit English MCQ question amount is 16 and every question marks is 1.25. So total MCQ marks is 25 and other other hand you have to answer 15 marks English written question. Tina is renowned___ her oratory.—–for He was not conversant ___the plan.–with Warning! No unauthorized personnel ______ this point? —-Beyond _____to Barishal by bus yesterday ? —Did Jashim go The dress was designed by ____ famous Italian artist.?– a It is the city ___of the country.? —most populous Who says that you can go ____ the world in eighty days?-around Choose the correct sentence.—The railway will compensate us for the loss. The correct synonym of ‘mediocre is – ordinary The correct antonym of ‘spurious’ is— genuine What is the meaning of the proverb ‘Do not put the cart before the horse”?–-Do things in proper order. What was the most well-known form of money in the past?— coins What is the passage about?—The history of money in human society The passage suggests that…– coins followed the inversion of money How does the passage define money—anything that the use to represent…….. According to the passage…—debit & cash cards newer forms of money DU D-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2014-2015 Read the following passage carefully and then answer Questions (1-5): A second green revolution is imminent in Asia. It will not be the same as the first one since it will not depend on a few miracle varieties of wheat or rice but on adapting existing seeds to different environmental conditions. This second revolution promises to bring similar benefits though—this time to poor lands and poorer farmers that were not covered by the first green revolution. Such lands are poor because they are prone to floods, Droughts and salinity. New seeds have been developed which can survive flooding and tolerate drought and saline conditions better. 1. The best title for this passage is: A. Second Green Revolution in Asia ✔ B. Adapting Farming to Environmental Conditions in Asia C. Agricultural Miracle in Asia D. New seeds Being Planted in Asia 2. An antonym of “imminent” is: A. pending B. distant ✔ C. forthcoming D. eminent 3. The tone of this passage is: A. pessimistic B. suggestive C. hopeful ✔ D. sceptical 4. To be “prone” is to be “ A. vulnerable ✔ B. ready C. organized D. equipped 5. The title suggests that the key to the second green revolution will be to come up with seed varieties that are: A. adaptable B. susceptible ✔ C. changeable D. variable DU D-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2014-2015 Which of the following sentences is correct? (6-10) 6. Which of the following sentences is correct? A. The two parties have different views to democracy. B. The two parties has different views of democracy. C. The two parties differing on democracy. D. The two parties have different views of democracy. ✔ 7. Which of the following sentences is correct? A. The country has adopted a new industrial policy. ✔ B. The country has effected the new industrial policy. C. The country has affected new industrial policy. D. The country has adapted an new industrial policy. 8. Which of the following sentences is correct? A. Over a billion people wing Microsoft Windows operating systems. B. Over a billion people uses Microsoft Windows operating systems. C. Over a billion people use Microsoft Windows operating systems. ✔ D. Over a billion peoples use Microsoft Windows operating systems. 9. Which of the following sentences is correct? A. To whom do the book belong? B. By whom does the book belong? C. Whom does the book belong? D. Who does the book belong to? ✔ 10. Which of the following sentences is correct? A. Where have you born? B. Where are you born? C. Where were you born? ✔ D. Where had you born? DU D-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2014-2015 Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the word in italics (11 – 12) 11. The private hospital business is booming in Bangladesh. A. flourishing ✔ B. bursting C. improving D. filling 12. The government has also defied concentrating on improving the quality of health-care. A. focus ✔ B. conceptualize C. Strike D. deliberate Answer the questions according to the instruction provided (13 -14) 13. The verb form of trauma is: A. traumatic B. traumatically C. traumatized D. traumatize ✔ 14. A radiologist is most often employed in: A. power plants B. workshops C. finances D. hospitals ✔ Fill in the blanks (15-21) 15. Let’s discuss—– the ways of improving the basic skills of English. A. about B. on C. no preposition needed ✔ D. of DU D-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2014-2015 16. One-third of the students——present in the class. A. is B. are ✔ C. remains D. do not 17. Each of the students who lied out the admission form——the test. A. have appeared at B. has appeared at ✔ C. are appearing at D. is appearing 18. To discover is—–about something that already exists, but to invent is—–something new. A. to know, to find B. to create, to learn C. to learn, to create ✔ D. to find, to know 19. “Well” is usually an adverb and so describes —–, but when it refers to health it can be an adjective and describe A. Adjectives, Verbs B. Nouns. Pronouns C. Adjectives, Nouns D. Verbs, Nouns ✔ 20. Much as Rome—–roads through Europe in the years of the Roman empire, Britain —– railways and strung telegraph wires in India. A. had built, built B. built, built ✔ C. builds, is building D. had built, was building DU D-UNIT QUESTION SOLUTION 2014-2015 21. We are moved not by the fall of—–great man but the elevation to the heroism of what we had taken to be ——little man. A. a, the ✔ B. the, the C. a, a D. none of the above 22. What is a proper antonym for ‘waver’? A. determine ✔ B. away C. vary D. develop 23. Choose the correct translation of the following sentence– “মীর মোশাররফ হোসেন ছিলেন বিচিত্র ধর্মী লোক।” A. Mir Musharraf Hussain was a miscellaneous writer. B. Mir Musharral Hussain was a versatile writer. ✔ C. Mir Musharraf Hussain wrote descriptively. D. Mir Musharraf Hussain was a wonderful writer. 24. Choose the correct spelling: A. mongose B. monngose C. Mongoose ✔ D. mongosse 25. What is the synonym of the word ‘tacit”? A. spoken B. implicit ✔ C. open D. written DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION 2013-2014 Read the following passage carefully and answer Questions (1 — 5): Researchers suggest that there are creatures that do not know what light means at the bottom of the sea. They don’t have either eyes or ears; they can only feel. There is no day or night for them. There are no winters, no summers, no sun, no moon, and no stars. It is as if a child spent its life in darkness in bed, with nothing to see or hear. How different our own life is! Sight shows us the ground beneath our feet and the heavens above us — the sun, moon, and stars, shooting stars, lightning and the sunset. It shows us day and night. We are able to hear the voice, the sound of the sea, and music. We feel we taste, we smell. How fortunate we are! 1. In the passage, a child in darkness is likened to – a. someone who lives where there are no season b. an animal without the sense of touch c. a sea creature with no seeing or hearing ability ✔ d. a deaf child unaffected by the environment 2. We discover that the sea creatures in the story a. have the same sense that we do b. have no sense of hearing as well as sight ✔ c. live in darkness because they do not like light d. do not hear the sound of the sea as they are accustomed to it. 3. Which statement is true in the context of the passage? a. We can spend our lives in darkness in bed. b. We can see the ground beneath our feet and the depth of the ocean. c. We are unfortunate because we cannot experience winter and summer. d. We can feel, smell and taste, unlike the deep sea creatures. ✔ 4. Judging from the passage, we can say that this passage is mainly about a. the superiority of human beings over some creatures in terms of senses ✔ b. life of sea creatures at the bottom of the sea c. how changes in the seasons are perceived by the deep-sea creatures d. how wonderful our lives were and will be 5. ‘Researchers in line 1 suggest a. laboratory tests conducted by marine biologists b. Detailed studies about the deep sea creatures to discover new information about them. ✔ c. stories one hears about the deep sea creatures from sailors d. scientific discoveries about the deep sea DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION 2013-2014 6. He stood before me. The underlined word is- a. Noun b. Adverb c. Preposition ✔ d. Verb 7. ‘To lose heart’ is- a. to lose courage ✔ b. to have a heart attack c. to fall in love d. to be without passion 8. Choose the pair which is out of place a. colossal-tiny b. worsen-improve c. ambiguity-clarity d. humane-kind ✔ 9. The synonym for “Nepotism” is a. Favoritism ✔ b. Terrorism c. Disposition d. Neatness 10. When you think someone is “introspective”, you think s/he is a. rude b. selfish c. thoughtful ✔ d. reserved DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION 2013-2014 Fill in the blanks (11-13) 11. I’ll call you——- a. when I’ll go home. b. when I go home. ✔ c. while I get home. d. as I go home. 12. Please leave your key——the reception. a. in b. on c. at ✔ d. with 13. We better—–the schedule of the examination. a. to check b. checked c. checking d. check ✔ Answer the questions according to the instructions provided. (14 — 17) 14. Which of the following is a positive attribute? a. haughty b. conceited c. irritable d. unassuming ✔ 15. Select the correct spelling a. reminiscience b. reminisceince c. reminiscence ✔ d. reminiscance DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION 2013-2014 16. A cobbler is a person who a. sells shoes b. mends cobblestones c. mends shoes ✔ d. exports cobblestones 17. ‘Dog days’ means a. a period of being carefree b. a period of misfortune c. days when does breed d. hot weather ✔ Which of the following sentences is correct? (18 — 21): 18. Which of the following sentences is correct? a. I have looked for a good doctor before I met you. b. I had looked for a good doctor before I met you. ✔ c. I looked for a good doctor before I meet you. d. I am looking for a good doctor before meeting you. 19. Which of the following sentences is correct? a. Silver, as well as cotton, have fallen is price. b.Banda, as well as English, are taught here. c. The mayor, with his councillors, is to be present. ✔ c.The king, with his ministers, are going on a trip. 20. Which of the following sentences is correct? a. He chose well and prospered. ✔ b. He choose well and prospered. c. He choiced well and prospered. d. He chosen well and prospered. DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION 2013-2014 21. Which of the following sentences is correct? a. I insist that she come along. ✔ b. I insist that she comes along. c. I insist that she came along. d. I insist that she may come along. 22. “অন্যের দোষ ধরা সহজ” a. It is easy to find fault of others. b. It is easy to find out fault of others. c. It is easy to find fault with others. ✔ d. It is easy to find out faults of others. 23. “বিপদ কখনো একা আসে না” a. Misfortunes comes never alone. b. Misfortunes never come alone. ✔ c. Misfortunes never alone comes. d. Misfortunes conies alone ever. Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the keyword. (24 — 25) 24. The back charges an exorbitant rate of interest. a. moderate b. excessive ✔ c. fair d. increasing 25. It was indiscreet action on their part. a. unfair b. secret c. imprudent ✔ d. hasty DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2012-13 Read the following passage carefully and Answer: questions 1 to 6: Various research centres are studying identical twins in order to discover the “heritability” of behavioural characteristics — that is the degree to which a trait is due to genes (“nature”) instead of the environment/. They have reached some startling conclusions. One study found, for example, that optimism and pessimism are both very much influenced by genes. But only optimism is affected by environment as well. According to another study, genes influence our coffee consumption, but not the consumption of tea. Anxiety seems to be 40 to 50 percent heritable. Another study tells us that happiness does not depend much on money or love or professional success: instead, It is 80 percent heritable! Among the traits that appear to be largely heritable are shyness, attraction to danger (thrill-seeking), choice of career and religious belief. 1. What is the main topic of the paragraph? A. Research centres and study of genes B. Optimism and pessimism as behavioural traits C. Hereditariness of behavioural characteristics ✔ D. The happiness of human beings and heredity 2. Which of the f011owing has been found to be free from the influence of genes? A. consumption of coffee B. happiness C. consumption of tear ✔ D. choice of career 3. Which of the following competes with nature in influencing humans? A. behaviour B. environment ✔ C. genes D. characteristics 4. Which of the following is true? A. Anxiety is more heritable than happiness B. Anxiety is as heritable as happiness C. Anxiety is less heritable than happiness ✔ D. Happiness is less heritable than anxiety 5. In line 5, anxiety is nearest in meaning to- A. thrill B. enthusiasm C. foreboding ✔ D. fellow-feeling 6. In line 3, startling is nearest in meaning to A. upsetting ✔ B. beginning C. dampening D. enchanting DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2012-13 Fill in the blanks (7-11) 7. Please——pay your monthly dues regularly. A. remember too B. remember to ✔ C. remember you too D. remind 8. Before you entered the classroom, you——the teacher’s permission A. should seek B. seek C. would have sought D. should have sought ✔ 9. I’ll go shopping in the afternoon——-buy some new clothes. A. so that C. in order to ✔ C. so as D. such that 10. If you lose, your card, please——us immediately by calling our 24-hour Contact Centre. A. note B. notify ✔ C. notification D. notice DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2012-13 11. The Bangladesh cricket team——with a victory against England. A. bounced up B. turned up C. bounced hack ✔ D. sprang up Select the underlined word or phrase that is incorrect. 12. When our vacation, we plan to spend three days scuba diving A. When ✔ B. plan C. days D. diving 13. Do you know the student who books were stolen? A. Do B. know C. who ✔ D. were 14. The majority to the news is about violence or scandal. A. the B. to ✔ C. news D. violence 15. Kabita intends to starting her own software business in a few years. A. intends B. starting ✔ C. software D. few DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2012-13 16. I had a enjoyable time at the party last night. A. a✔ B. time C. at D. last Correct spelling of the word in capital letters. 17. DESICCATE A. dessicate B. desiccate ✔ C. desiccatae D. dessicete 18. MILLENIUM A. milennium B. millenium C. millennium ✔ D. millennium 19. INOCCULATE A. inoculaite B. inocualate C. inoculate ✔ D. innockulate 20. QUESTIONAIRE A. questionnaire ✔ B. questionnare C. questionaire D. questionnaire DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2012-13 21. PARSEVERANCE A. perseverence B. perseverance ✔ C. persivarence D. parseverance Select the alternative that best replaces the underlined portion of the sentence. 22. When one eats in this restaurant, you often find that the prices are high. A.When one eats in this restaurant, you often find B.When you eat in this restaurant, one often finds C. When you eat in this restaurant, you often find ✔ D. If you eat in this restaurant, you often find 23. Neither Mr Karim nor his friend are invited to speak at the seminar. A. is invited to speak at the seminar ✔ B. are invited to speak at the seminar C. is to speak at the seminar D. are speaking at the seminar 24. Your courage is —–in defending your country. A. as great as any other person B. as great as any other persons C. great like another person D. as great as that of any other person ✔ 25. The best translation of “আরজ আলী মাতুব্বর বাংলাদেশের একজন বিস্ময়কর ব্যাক্তিত্ব” A. Aroj Ali Matubbor is a surpassing personality of Bangladesh B. Aroj Ali Matubbor is an amazing personality of Bangladesh ✔ C. Aroj Ali Matubbor is Bangladesh’s startling person D. Aroj Ali Matubbor is a weird Bangladeshi person DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2011-12 Questions 1 to 3: Which of the following sentences is correct? 1. Which of the following sentences is correct? a. It is more better to be safe than sorry. b. It is better to be safer than sorry. c. It is better to be safe than more sorry. d. It is better to be safe than sorry. ✔ 2. Which of the following sentences is correct? a. Family and friends together stay through thick and thin. b. Family and friends stay through thick and thin together. c. Family and friends stay together through thick and thin. ✔ d. Family and friends through thick and thin together stay. 3. Which of the following sentences is correct? a. Fear makes where I stand tremble me. b. Fear makes me tremble where I stand. ✔ c. Fear where I stand makes me tremble. d. Fear makes me stand where I tremble. Questions 4 to 5.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word? 4. The white blood cell count in one’s body may fluctuate by 50 percent during a day. a. undulate b. multiply c. diminish d. vary ✔ 5. Ultrasonic waves are beyond the range of sounds a human can hear. a. outside ✔ b. without c. over d. around DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2011-12 Questions 6 to 7: Indicate the synonym of the words given below: 6. Auspicious a. supernatural b. suspicious c. fortunate ✔ d. fearful 7. Shabby a. smart b. fair c. unsmart ✔ d. honorable Questions 8 to 10: The correct translation of 8. “পুষ্টিকর খাদ্য স্বাস্থের জন্য ভাল” a. Good food is for good health. b. Nutritious food is good for health ✔ c Nutrients in food is good and healthy d. Healthy food is good for health 9. “বইটি কেমন কাটছে?” a. How does the book cut readers? b. the book cut well? c. Is the book leaving the market? d. How is the book selling? ✔ 10. ”কী করে অঙ্কটি দেখাতে হয় তা তিনি আমাকে দেখালেন ” is a. shows me to do the sum. b. He showed me to do the sum. c. showed me how to do the sum. ✔ d. He showed me do the sum, DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2011-12 Questions 11 to 14: Choose the correct option 11. The correct antonym for ‘superficial’ is a. Careless b. Indifferent c. Sufficient d. Deep ✔ 12. “At a low ebb” -means a. Increasing b. Decreasing ✔ c. Still d. Invalid 13. The correct spelling is a. exemplery b. exemplary ✔ c. examplary d. exemplarie 14. The best passive form of the sentence ‘what do you want?’ – is a. what was wanting by you? b. what is wanted by you? ✔ c. what was wanted by you? d. what is wanting by you? 15. ——-parent plays a different but important role in a child’s life. a. Each ✔ b. One c. Anyone d. The DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2011-12 16. Our teacher told the monitor to hand out scripts——the class. a, between b. into c. through d. among ✔ 17. I remembered——the race. a. the horse’s winning to b. the horse to win c. the horse winning ✔ d. the horse’s to win 18. He is my best friend now, and——for many years. a. was b. had been c. has been ✔ d. was to be 19. Jenny——leave the hospital only six hours after the baby was born. a. was able to ✔ b. might c. can d. is able to 20. —— physicist, Gabriel Fahrenheit, invented the mercury thermometer in 1714. a. There is b. It is c. The ✔ d. It is the DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2011-12 Read the following passage carefully and answer Questions 21 to 25: I have travelled to many countries and have met with men of all classes, but never in my travels did I feel the presence of the human so distinctly as in this land. In other great countries, signs of man’s power-loomed largely, and I saw vast organizations which showed efficiency in all their features. There, display and extravagance, in dress, in furniture, in costly entertainments, are startling. They seem to push you back into a corner, like a poor intruder at a feast; they are apt to make you envious or take your breath away in amazement. There, you do not feel man as supreme; you are hurled against stupendous things that alienate. But in Japan, it is not the display of power or wealth that is the predominating element. You see everywhere emblems of love and admiration, and not mostly of ambition and greed. 21. The word ‘stupendous’ means a. stupid b. expensive c. ugly d. huge ✔ 22. Which statement is not true? a. The Japanese admire good things b. They are not an ostentatious people c. They alienate visitors ✔ d. They shun ambition and greed 23. The writer praises the Japanese because a. they make you envious b. they love entertainment c. they have vast organizations d. they are very humane ✔ 24. The writer is describing the following things about the people of Japan: a. ambition and greed b. love and admiration ✔ c. display and extravagance d. envy and amazement 25. ‘Like poor intruder’ is an example of a. simile ✔ b. metaphor c. metonymy d hyperbole DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2010-11 Read the following passage carefully and answer Questions (1 to 5) : We all know that people living in different parts of the world live different lives. But do we know why they live different lives? It is because the climate all over the world is not the same. The climate is the amount of sun, rain, heat and wind which the land receives. If it is always warm and sunny, we call that a hot climate. And if it rains a lot, it would be a wet climate. It can also be a hot wet climate or a cold, wet climate and so on. Can you imagine what it would be like if we had the same climate all over the world. All the flowers and the trees would be the same. Then the animals might be the same, and the same crops would be grown in the ground. This would mean that people would be all alike. They would look alike and they would all eat the same food. 1. ‘People living in different parts of the world live different lives’ because A.different types of crops grow in different parts of the world. B.they are habituated to different kinds of food C.the standard of living differs in different parts of the world D. the climatic influences are different ✔ 2. It is because the climate all over the world is not the same that A. different people belong to different groups B. different people have different religions C. different people have different doctrines D. different people live different lives ✔ 3. The most suitable title for the passage would be: A. Climate and differences in people B. Different lives in different parts of the world ✔ C. Climate and different parts of the world D. Climatic differences the world over 4. The adjective of ‘climate’ is — A. climate B. climated C. climatic ✔ D. climactic 5. The word “live” in line 2 is a A. Noun B. Verb ✔ C. Adjective D. Adverb DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2010-11 Questions 6 to 8: Which of the following sentence is correct? 6. Which of the following sentence is correct? A. The pile of bones on the plate shows how much chicken the family had ate B. The pile of bones on the plate shown how much chicken the family had ate C.The pile of bones on the plate showed how much chicken the family had ate ✔ D. The pile of bones on the plate is shown how much chicken the family had ate 7. Which of the following sentence is correct? A. Neither of those mattresses feel comfortable B. Neither of those mattresses are feeling comfortable C. Neither of those mattresses feels comfortable ✔ D. Neither of those mattresses have felt comfortable 8. Which of the following sentence is correct? A. It is more better to stay healthy than to have to get healthy B. It is better to stay healthy than to have to get healthy C.It is more better to stay healthy than to have health ✔ D. It is better to stay healthy than to have health DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2010-11 Questions 9 to 17: Fill in the blanks 9. She reassured me that she—— the card. A. had posted ✔ B. has posted C. had been posting D. has posting 10. ——I’ll be with you in A. one-quarter of an hour B. a quarter of an hour ✔ C. a quarter of one hour D. a quarter of hour 11. ——you have a driver’s license and two major credit cards, that company will not accept your application. A. Because B. Unless ✔ C. As D. Since 12. ——-The longer I live here A. I like the more B. the more I like it ✔ C. the more do I like it D. I like it more 13. The party was excellent, and I’d like to thank all the —— A. concerned people B. responsible people C. people concerned ✔ D. peoples responsible 14. A troupe of——-has gone to entertain the soldiers. A. artists ✔ B. artistes C. artisans D. artificers 15. The——-of a camel was found lying by the side of the canal. A. corpse B. carcass ✔ C. corps D. carcase (Romanian) 16. ——-so many people been out of work as today. A. More than ever before B. Never before have ✔ C. In the past, there never have D. Formerly, there never were 17. There is really no difference between you and——- A.I B. we C. them D.me ✔ DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2010-11 Questions 18 to 25: Choose the correct option 18. The translation of “আমি তাকে বুঝাতে চেষ্টা করব” A. I will making him to understand B. I will try make him understand C. I will try to make him to understand D. I will try to make him understand ✔ Indicate the synonym of the words given below: 19. Hypothetical A. suspicious B. philosophical C. assumed ✔ D. complete 20. Assemble A. unite ✔ B. disperse C. separate D. split DU D-UNIT ENGLISH QUESTION SOLUTION 2010-11 Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed. 21. Sitara is finally used to cook on an electric stove after having a gas one for so long. A. finally B. cook ✔ C. after having D. one 22. Professor Chowdhury teaches both anthropology as well as sociology each fall. A. teaches B. both ✔ C. anthropology D. each fall 23. The tag for “He locked the papers in the safe, is A. has he B. haven’t he? C. have he? D. didn’t he ✔ 24. The phrase ‘in high spirits’ means A. tensed B. cheerful ✔ C. worried D. vibrant 25. The correct spelling is A. Transatory B. Transetory C. Transitory ✔ D. Transitary

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Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University)

Artticles for JSC, SSC, HSC Examinaton Articles Article Articles Rules and Exercise Rules · Articles all Rules and Practice for SSC , HSC and All Competitive Exams · Articles- Basic Rules · Articles - Rules and Examples · Articles for SSC & HSC Examinations · Articles for JSC (Class 7&8) Examination Exercise / Worksheet · Articles Practice for the Beginner · Articles Multiple Choice Questions Exercise JSC or Beginner SSC · Articles for SSC Examination Worksheet 4.0 (2007-2009 Board Questions with Answers) HSC · Articles Practice for HSC Examination All Board Questions with Answer Board Questions · Articles for H SC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2014-2013 Board Questions with Answers) · Articles for H SC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2016-2015 Board Questions with Answers) · Articles for H SC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2018-2017 Board Questions with Answers) · Articles for H SC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2020-2019 Board Questions with Answers) · Articles for H SC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2022-2021 Board Questions with Answers) · Articles for H SC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2024-2023 Board Questions with Answers) Articles- Common Mistakes/ Errors · Articles Correction · Article - Common Errors / Mistakes ADVANCED RULES Article Exercise-A Complete the following sentences by filling in a or an or the as may be suitable and keep blank if no article is necessary: -------child needs milk. ------- couple of hours is needed to finish ------- work. ------- crow is ------- ugly bird. ------- Daniel has come to judgement. ------- dictionary is ------- useful book. ------- flower is ------- symbol of beauty. ------- gang of robbers. ------- great many soldiers entered ------- town. ------- group of boys. ------- horse can run fast. ------- hundred girls come out from school. ------- mother loves her child. ------- Mr. Abdul Karim came to see you. ------- student should read attentively. -------Abdur Rahim goes to market daily. -------Allah is Almighty. ------- Abid came here to collect ------- news. ------- ass is ------- beast of burden. ------- orphan needs help from others. Anwar Hossain is ------- magician. Arabic -------language is not hard to learn. Arif is ------- wiser of ------- two boys. Arifa is ------- elder of ------- two sisters. Aristotle's Poetics is ------- wealth in English literature. Ayub Bachchu is ------- main singer of ------- L.R.B. Bablu is ------- fisherman. Bankim is ------- Scott of Bangladesh. Self-help is ------- better way than self-repent. Birds of ------- (------- same) feather flock together. Both Farhan and Iqbal went to ------- temple and church today. -------Camels are beasts of burden. Close -------your eyes. Come -------here. Cows are -------useful. animals. Cows eat -------grass. ------- cows of my house eat grass. -------Cricket is my favourite game. Criminals are of ------- (------- same) character. David Cameron was ------- Prime Minister of Britain. Dhaka is ------- capital of Bangladesh. Dhaka, ------- capital of Bangladesh, is ------- cosmopolitan city. Do you know how to play ------- piano? Dogs are faithful -------animals. Donald Trump is ------- President of America. Don't do------- it. Don't feel proud of -------blue blood. Dr. Ahmed, ------- Principal, is ------- gentleman. ------- Principal, Dr. Ahmed, is ------- gentleman. Dr. M.M. Raman man is ------- sincere person., Dr. Selim goes to -------hospital everyday. Dr. Sirazul Islam, Vice-Chancellor of Jagannath University, was ------- scholar. Each boy has got ------- prize. Edward ------- seventh, George ------- sixth. English is ------- international language. Everest is ------- highest peak of ------- Himalayas. Every farmer has got his ration -------card. Every girl is -------intelligent in this class. Every mother -------loves her child. Fahim -------is in class 9. Fahim took off his -------shirt. Farid Hossain, -------Head teacher of M.H.M. High School, is known to all. Farid lived in ------- village. First, I meet ------- nurse in hospital. Forgiveness is ------- noble virtue. Friday is ------- holiday. -------God helps those who help themselves. God is one and -------unique. Gold is ------- precious metal. Gulliver's Travels is ------- most thrilling novel. (------- most = very) Haji Mohammad Mohsin was ------- friend of ------- poor. Hasan is ------- main singer of ------- Ark. Hasib drives his motorcycle 60 kilometres ------- hour. Have you taken -------lunch? He ------- one-eyed man. He bought rice by ------- kg. He calculated ------- volume to ------- nicety. He comes here ------- week. He comes here at -------night. He drives ------- car at 60 kilometres ------- hour. He earns one thousand taka ------- day. He found ------- money bag on ------- road. ------- bag was full of money. He gave us ------- good lunch. He goes to home' ------- month. He goes to school. He had ------- bad cold. He had ------- score of 120 regarding IQ. He has ------- quick temper. He has ------- shop on Manik Mia Avenue. He is ------- business man. He is ------- citizen of ------- Punjab. He is ------- gentle and popular chairman in ------- village. He is ------- Londoner. He is ------- most experienced doctor. (------- most = very) He is ------- university student. He is ------- engineer. He is ------- honest man. He is ------- Indian. He is ------- LLB. He is both ------- farmer and ------- businessman. He is learning French. Article Exercise-A Answer 1. A child needs milk. 2. A couple of hours is needed to finish the work. 3. A crow is an ugly bird. 4. A Daniel has come to judgement. 5. A dictionary is a useful book. 6. A flower is the symbol of beauty. 7. A gang of robbers. 8. A great many soldiers entered the town. 9. A group of boys. 10. A horse can run fast. 11. A hundred girls come out from school. 12. A mother loves her child. 13. A Mr. Abdul Karim came to see you. 14. A student should read attentively. 15. Abdur Rahim goes to market daily. 16. Allah is Almighty. 17. An Abid came here to collect the news. 18. An ass is a beast of burden. 19. An orphan needs help from others. 20. Anwar Hossain is a magician. 21. Arabic language is not hard to learn. 22. Arif is the wiser of the two boys. 23. Arifa is the elder of the two sisters. 24. Aristotle's Poetics is a wealth in English literature. 25. Ayub Bachchu is the main singer of the L.R.B. 26. Bablu is a fisherman. 27. Bankim is the Scott of Bangladesh. 28. Self-help is a better way than self-repent. 29. Birds of a (the same) feather flock together. 30. Both Farhan and Iqbal went to the temple and church today. 31. Camels are beasts of burden. 32. Close your eyes. 33. Come here. 34. Cows are useful. animals. 35. Cows eat grass. 36. The cows of my house eat grass. 37. Cricket is my favourite game. 38. Criminals are of a (the same) character. 39. David Cameron was the Prime Minister of Britain. 40. Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. 41. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is a cosmopolitan city. 42. Do you know how to play the piano? 43. Dogs are faithful animals. 44. Donald Trump is the President of America. 45. Don't do it. 46. Don't feel proud of blue blood. 47. Dr. Ahmed, the Principal, is a gentleman. 48. The Principal, Dr. Ahmed, is a gentleman. 49. Dr. M.M. Raman man is a sincere person., 50. Dr. Selim goes to hospital everyday. 51. Dr. Sirazul Islam, Vice-Chancellor of Jagannath University, was a scholar. 52. Each boy has got a prize. 53. Edward the seventh, George the sixth. 54. English is an international language. 55. Everest is the highest peak of the Himalayas. 56. Every farmer has got his ration card. 57. Every girl is intelligent in this class. 58. Every mother loves her child. 59. Fahim is in class 9. 60. Fahim took off his shirt. 61. Farid Hossain, Head teacher of M.H.M. High School, is known to all. 62. Farid lived in a village. 63. First, I meet a nurse in hospital. 64. Forgiveness is a noble virtue. 65. Friday is a holiday. 66. God helps those who help themselves. 67. God is one and unique. 68. Gold is a precious metal. 69. Gulliver's Travels is a most thrilling novel. (a most = very) 70. Haji Mohammad Mohsin was a friend of the poor. 71. Hasan is the main singer*of the Ark. 72. Hasib drives his motorcycle 60 kilometres an hour. 73. Have you taken lunch? 74. He a one-eyed man. 75. He bought rice by the kg. 76. He calculated the volume to a nicety. 77. He comes here a week. 78. He comes here at night. 79. He drives the car at 60 kilometres an hour. 80. He earns one thousand taka a day. 81. He found a money bag on the road. The bag was full of money. 82. He gave us a good lunch. 83. He goes to home' a month. 84. He goes to school. 85. He had a bad cold. 86. He had a score of 120 regarding IQ. 87. He has a quick temper. 88. He has a shop on Manik Mia Avenue. 89. He is a business man. 90. He is a citizen of the Punjab. 91. He is a gentle and popular chairman in the village. 92. He is a Londoner. 93. He is a most experienced doctor. (a most = very) 94. He is a university student. 95. He is an engineer. 96. He is an honest man. 97. He is an Indian. 98. He is an LLB. 99. He is both a farmer and a businessman. 100. He is learning French. Article Exercise -B Complete the following sentences by filling in a or an or the as may be suitable and keep blank if no article is necessary: He is more of ------- poet than ------- novelist. He is neither ------- engineer nor ------- architect. He is quite ------- good player. He is rather ------- brilliant student. He is reading ------- Shakespeare. (------- writing of Shakespeare) He is ------- younger of ------- two brothers. He joined ------- army in 1981. He left home in ------- morning. He left ------- Navy for his personal cause. He lent Fahim's pen yesterday. He lent me ------- eraser. He looks like -------. English. He saw ------- most wonderful sight. (-------, most = very) He stays in Rajshahi. He still has ------- million things to do. He takes ------- egg in his breakfast. He threw old shoes to ------- dustbin. He waited for ------- hour to meet me. He went to ------- market to visit only. Helen was ------- beauty. Her father's sudden death is ------- most shocking news to her. (------- most = very) Her most interesting hobby is gardening. Here are ------- dozen of eggs. Honesty is ------- best policy. How about ------- break? How funny ------- man you are! How ugly ------- bird ------- crow is! I am ------- Bangladeshi. I am fond of milk. I am in ------- hurry to finish ------- work. I am reading ------- Rabindranath. (------- writing of Rabindranath) I am suffering from bad headache. I am suffering from malaria. I bought ------- book from ------- market. I bought ------- book from ------- market. ------- book is written on cosmology. I do not watch television regularly. I don't find time to listen to ------- radio. (------- radio programmes). Runa sings in radio. She always carries ------- radio. I feel ------- sister in Romana. I flew into ------- rage. I found ------- beggar in front of ------- mosque. I found ------- bird on ------- tree. ------- bird was singing melodiously. I gave ------- baby ------- ice cream. I have ------- costly and black-coloured mobile phone. I have ------- guitar. I have ------- headache. I have ------- lot of work to do. I have ------- nice breakfast. I have ------- Android mobile phone. I have ------- old and ------- new motorbike. I have ------- umbrella. I have never been to so expensive ------- restaurant before. I have never seen such ------- tall man. I have set here many ------- time and wondered what happened to him. I helped ------- orphan. I like to drink coffee. I like to play hockey. I live in Dhaka. I noticed ------- girl. ------- girl was very beautiful. I offer my prayer at dawn. I read Dhaka Digest regularly. I read ------- Daily Prothom Alo everyday. I read ------- Inquilab daily. I realize ------- brother in Ratan. I remember ------- lot of things. I saw ------- boy. ------- boy was playing in ------- field. I saw ------- man on ------- street. I send him ten thousand taka ------- month. I treat him as ------- friend. I went to ------- hospital to see my patient. I will meet him in ------- evening. India was once ruled by ------- Mughals. Iron is ------- useful metal. Iron is so useful ------- metal. It is ------- one-act play. It is ------- unique matter. It is essential as ------- pen or ------- paper. It is raining cats and dogs. It is too big ------- risk. It 'is too difficult ------- problem for me to solve. It is too high ------- price to pay. It took ------- great/good deal of time and effort. Jackfruit is ------- national fruit of Bangladesh. January is ------- first month of ------- year. Jibanananda was ------- lover of nature. ------- nature of ------- boy is very bad. John reads ------- Bible daily. Kazi Nazrul Islam worked in ------- bakery. Liza was ------- unfortunate girl. Mahfuz Anam, Editor of ------- Daily Star, tried to publish neutral news. Man cannot live alone. Man is ------- rational animal. Man is mortal. Many ------- boy was present in ------- playground. Many ------- flower is born to blush unseen. Many ------- admirer welcomed him. Mashrafi is ------- cricketer of ------- day. May ------- Einstein be born into every family. Messie is ------- footballer of ------- day. Article Exercise B Answer He is more of a poet than a novelist. He is neither an engineer nor an architect. He is quite a good player. He is rather a brilliant student. He is reading a Shakespeare. (A writing of Shakespeare) He is the younger of the two brothers. He joined the army in 1981. He left home in the morning. He left the Navy for his personal cause. He lent Fahim's pen yesterday. He lent me an eraser. He looks like an. English. He saw a most wonderful sight. (a, most = very) He stays in Rajshahi. He still has a million things to do. He takes an egg in his breakfast. He threw old shoes to the dustbin. He waited for an hour to meet me. He went to the market to visit only. Helen was a beauty. Her father's sudden death is a most shocking news to her. (a most = very) Her most interesting hobby is gardening. Here are a dozen of eggs. Honesty is the best policy. How about a break? How funny a man you are! How ugly a bird the crow is! I am a Bangladeshi. I am fond of milk. I am in a hurry to finish the work. I am reading a Rabindranath. (A writing of Rabindranath) I am suffering from bad headache. I am suffering from malaria. I bought a book from the market. I bought a book from the market. The book is written on cosmology. I do not watch television regularly. I don't find time to listen to the radio. (the radio programmes). Runa sings in radio. She always carries a radio. I feel the sister in Romana. I flew into a rage. I found a beggar in front of the mosque. I found a bird on the tree. The bird was singing melodiously. I gave the baby an ice cream. I have a costly and black-coloured mobile phone. I have a guitar. I have a headache. I have a lot of work to do. I have a nice breakfast. I have an Android mobile phone. I have an old and a new motorbike. I have an umbrella. I have never been to so expensive a restaurant before. I have never seen such a tall man. I have set here many a time and wondered what happened to him. I helped an orphan. I like to drink coffee. I like to play hockey. I live in Dhaka. I noticed a girl. The girl was very beautiful. I offer my prayer at dawn. I read Dhaka Digest regularly. I read the Daily Prothom Alo everyday. I read the Inquilab daily. I realize the brother in Ratan. I remember a lot of things. I saw a boy. The boy was playing in the field. I saw a man on the street. I send him ten thousand taka a month. I treat him as a friend. I went to the hospital to see my patient. I will meet him in the evening. India was once ruled by the Mughals. Iron is a useful metal. Iron is so useful a metal. It is a one-act play. It is a unique matter. It is essential as a pen or a paper. It is raining cats and dogs. It is too big a risk. It 'is too difficult a problem for me to solve. It is too high a price to pay. It took a great/good deal of time and effort. Jackfruit is the national fruit of Bangladesh. January is the first month of the year. Jibanananda was a lover of nature. The nature of the boy is very bad. John reads the Bible daily. Kazi Nazrul Islam worked in a bakery. Liza was an unfortunate girl. Mahfuz Anam, Editor of the Daily Star, tried to publish neutral news. Man cannot live alone. Man is a rational animal. Man is mortal. Many a boy was present in the playground. Many a flower is born to blush unseen. Many an admirer welcomed him. Mashrafi is the cricketer of the day. May an Einstein be born into every family. Messie is the footballer of the day. Articles Worksheet –C You must have heard (a) ----- name of Kazi Nazrul Islam. He is our National poet. He is known as (b) ----- rebel poet. He was born in (c) ----- poor family. He passed his boyhood in great hardship. When (d) ----- First World War broke out he joined (e) ----- army. After (f) ----- war, he began to write poems. He wrote specially for (g) ----- oppressed and down trodden people. He is called (h) ----- Shelly of Bengali literature. His poems and songs inspired (i)----- Bangalies in (j)----- War libration. (a)-------morning walk is a good habit for all classes of people. It is (b) ----simple exercise and good for health and (c)--------mentality. In the morning (d)------air is fresh and free from any kind of noise and pollution . This pure (e)--------environment makes an effect on (f) -------- walkers health and mind . When (g)------ man enjoys (h) --------- beauties and solemnity of (i)-----nature in (j)-------morning . Though newspaper is not always (a) ------- unmixed blessing .It is (b)------- simple most useful thing in our life. We rarely think of (c)------- day without reading (d)-------newspaper . Reading newspaper is one of (e)-------- good habits of man . We shall be like (f)-------frog in a dark well if we neglect developing this habit . However, some people prefer (g)------ electronic media to reading (h)-------newspaper . But (i)------- newspaper offer more to its readers than (j)--------electronic media. Once you have completed (a)------- initial diagnosis of your students, you are faced with selecting subject matter appropriate to their (b)------- interests, abilities and personal social adjustment as well as to your own teaching objectives . Frequently (c)------- selection and planning of content are not seen as integral (d)--------- parts of (e)------- evaluation process. (f)------- Techniques you select to evaluate how well you and your students have achieved your objectives are inextricably bound to (g)------- subject matter used to teach these objects. In (h)-------sense you must evaluate (i)------subject matter itself to (j)--------determine if it is appropriate for your objects. It is (a) — known fact that English is (b) — international language. (c) — language used by international community is important. Statistics show that 350 million people speak English as (d) — first language and another 300 million use it as (e) — second language. It is (f) — official language in more than 60 countries of the world. Once it was also (g) — official language of our country. Most of (h) — books of science and technology are written in English. So (i) — importance of learning English beggars description. It is (j) — must. James Norman Hall was (a) — American writer. He wrote (b) — story about (c) — wonderful piece of business that took place between him and a farmer. While in (d) — Tahiti, he was short of (e) — money and rented (f) — one room house about 22 kilometers from (g) — town. He was doing (h) — interesting writing there. To save money he wanted to make (i) — vegetable garden in front of his house. But (j) — land was full of ants and land crabs. They foiled all his attempts. Cellular radio telephone, also called cellular or cell phone provides voice, telephone and other services to (a)----- mobile users. Cellular telephone primarily operates like portable or cordless telephones. However, unlike conventional wire-based cordless phones, cell phones are completely portable and do not require(b)-----jack to access (c)---------wire-based network operated by local telephone companies.(d)-----new generation of services for cell phones include video conferencing and(e)-----internet access with (f)----ability to send e-mail. Cellular telephone have become very popular with (g)----professionals and (h)------consumers as (i)----way to communicate easily. It has been(j)--------alternative to conventional wire-based service. Providing energy to meet (a)---ever-increasing demand is one of (b)-----gravest problems (c)----world is now facing. Energy is (d)----key to (c)----industrialized economy, which calls for (f)----doubling of electrical output every ten to twelve years. Meanwhile (g)-----days of cheap abundant and environment acceptable power may be coming to (h)-----end. Coal is plentiful but polluting natural gas is (i)----scare, oil is not found everywhere. Nuclear power now appears (j)----costly and risky. We know (a)---man is (b)---rational creature .It is (c)—rationally in him which makes him (d)---different species .He can differentiate between (e)---right and (f)---wrong .This is why (g)---man is considered (h)---best creation of (i)---creator of (j)---universe. A brilliant student is (a)---asset .One day he may be (b)---engineer or (c)---M.BBS doctor .He makes (d)---best use of his time .He makes a proper division of his time and does his duties accordingly .He knows that youth is (e)—golden period of (f)---life .He has (g)---aim in life .He knows that (h)---life without (i)---aim is like (j)---ship without a rudder . Bangladesh is a land of (a) — scenic beauty. (b) — land, (c) — rivers and the forests are (d) — sources of this beauty. Geographically Bangladesh can be divided into four regions. In many places there are a lot of amazing beautiful spots. There are many historical places also. For this reason, (e) — tourism business can flourish here. (f) — wild animals of (g) — Sundarbans are also (h) — great asset. Tourism can play (i) — vital role in national economy. But it is still in its tender age. So, we have to cross (j) — long way. (a)----- idle man and (b)----- active man cannot be equal. We know (c) ---- story of (d) ant and (e) --- grasshopper. (f) ----ant was industrious. On the other hand, the grasshopper was really (g) -----lazy. The ant knew that (h) ----- industrious shine. On (i) ---country, (j) ----lazy suffer in life. An angry man is not liked (a) ---- ever by (b) -----idiot. There is difference between the educated and (c) ------ uneducated. An educated (d) ----- person should come forward to educate (e) ------uneducated. On the other hand (f) ---- rich man should have (g) -------- sympathy for (h) ---- poor there is difference between (i) ---- poor man and (j) ----- rich man. We were returning home. (a) ----- Way we met (b) ----- little girl. She was selling (c) ----- flowers on (d) ----street. She requested us to buy (e) ----- flower. My mother is (f) ----- kind-hearted woman, (g) --- motherly affection rose at (h) ---- sight of her. She her (i) ----------- ten taka note ant bought some flowers. We should be kind to (j) ----- helpless. When (a)-------great poet ,Ferrous ,began to write (b)---Shamanism ,the sultan promised him (c)-----piece one gold for each (d)-----verse ,when (e)-----epic was finished ,it contained sixty thousand (f)---verses .instead of giving gold coins ,he offered the poet only sixty thousand .(g)----coins .the poet left the court with (h)------broken heart. He was (i)-----aggrieved man. Later on the Sultan realized that he mad (j)------blunder. Newspaper plays (a) ----- important role in our society. It is (b) ----- most useful thing in our modern life .We cannot think of (c) ------ day without it. To lead newspaper is (d)----- good habit (e)------ more we read newspaper (f)-- ----more we can acquire knowledge .If we don’t read it, we shall be (g)-----frog in (h)------dark well .It is(i)--- looking glass of (j)----- modern world. Articles Worksheet- C Answer Ans (a) the (b) a (c) a (d ) the (e) the (f )the (g) the (h) the (i) the (j) the Ans (a) x (b) a (c) x (d) the (e )x (f) the (g) a (h) the (i) the (j) the Ans (a) an (b) the (c) a (d) x (e )the (f) a (g) x (h) x (i) the (j) the Ans (a) an(b)x (c) the (d) x (e )the (f) The (g) the (h) a (i) the (j) x Ans (a) a(b)an (c) x (d) the (e )the (f) an (g) the (h) the (i) the (j) a Ans (a) a(b)a (c) a (d) x (e )x (f) a (g) the (h) an (i) a (j)the Ans (a) an(b)the (c) the (d) the (e )the (f) x (g) the (h) an (i) x (j) x Ans (a) x(b)a (c) the (d) x (e )the (f) the (g) x (h) the (i) the (j) the Answer: (a) x (b) a (c) the (d) x (e) the (f) the (g) x (h) the (i) the (j) the Answer: (a) an (b) an (c) an (d) the (e) the (f) x (g) an (h) x (i) an (j) a Answer:(a) x (b) the (c) the (d) the (e) x (f) the (g) the (h) a (i) a (j) a Answer:(a) an (b) an (c) the (d) an (e) a (f) the (g) x (h) the (i) the (j) the Answer: (a) x (b) an(c) the (d) x (e) the (f) a (g) x (h) the (i) a (j) a Answer:(a) the(b) a (c) x (d) the (e) x (f) a (g) the (h) the (i) a (j) the Answer:(a) the(b) the (c) a (d) x(e) the (f) x(g) x (h) a (i) an (j) a Answer: (a) an(b) the (c) a (d) a (e) the (f) the (g) the (h) a (i) the (j) x Worksheets Article Worksheet 2.1 Use article where necessary. Put a cross (x) where an article is not needed. 1. The universe is a very vast—(a)—thing. But—(b)—primitive people had a very narrow—(c)—idea about—(d)—size and nature of—(e)—universe. They thought that the earth was flat and stationary. 2. Dowry means property or money brought by a bridge to her (a)—husband. During marriage ceremony (b)—section of greedy people claim much wealth or money from (c)—guardians of the brides. (d)—poor illiterate girls become (e)—victims of dowry. 3. The primitive people believed that the earth was at—(a)—center of the universe while—(b)—sun, the moon and the planets move round—(c)—earth. To them the earth was the largest thing in—(d)—existence. Gradually man learnt about—(e)— mysterious of the universe. 4. A hungry man is—(a)—angry man. Again an angry man is compared to—(b)—beast. So the rich should have sympathy for—(c)—hungry.—(d)—man who eats to his heart’s content and keeps his neighbor hungry cannot be—(e)—ideal man. 5. Newspaper plays—(a)—vital role in modern civilization. It publishes important news and views of home and abroad. A student must have—(b)—habit of reading the newspaper every day. Mere bookish knowledge is not sufficient in this competitive world. —(c)—newspaper helps him enrich his general knowledge and makes him—(d)—aware of the burning issues of both inside and outside—(e)—country. 6. After summer come—(a)—rainy season. People heave a sigh of—(b)—relief. The sky is overcast with —(c)—clouds and the sun cannot be seen for hours. Rivers are full to—(d)—brim. Rain is a great blessing for our—(e)—country. 7. Newspaper is called—(a)—storehouse of knowledge. In the morning, we eagerly wait for—(b)—newspaper. We cannot pass—(c)—single day without it. It contains the news of—(d)—entire world. We can get—(e)—news of economics, politics and so many other things of the world. 8.—(a)—Muhammad Younus was born in—(b)—Chittagong.—(c)—business center of eastern Bangladesh. He was—(d)—third of 14 children of his parents. He received his Ph.D from—(e)—USA. 9. Football is—(a)—popular game in our country. It is equally exciting to—(b)—players and the spectators. It is—(c)—foreign game. It is popular all over—(d)—world. It is played in—(e)—open field. 10. English is—(a)—international language. It is spoken all over—(b)—world. So—(c)—importance of English cannot be described in words. All—(d)—books on higher education are written in English. Today most of— (e)—organizations need employees who can speak and write standard for of English. Article Worksheet 2.1 Answer 1. (a) x (b) the (c) x (d) the (e) the 2. (a) x (b) a (c) the (d) the (e) the 3. (a) the (b) the (c) the (d) x (e) the 4. (a) an (b) a (c) the (d) the (e) an 5. (a) a (b) the (c) the (d) x (e) the 6. (a) the (b) x (c) the (d) the (e) x 7. (a) the (b) x (c) a (d) the (e) the 8. (a) x (b) x (c) the (d) the (e) the 9. (a) a (b) the (c) a (d) the (e) an 10 (a) an (b) the (c) the (d) the (e) the Article Worksheet-3.0 1. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the), put a cross (×) where no article is needed. [Dhaka Board 2019] Once we went (a)... hunting in (b)...deep jungle. Many (c) beast was moving to and fro. Suddenly we noticed (d)...ewe. It was looking at us. (e)...ewe hand (f)... unique beauty. We could not kill (g)....ewe as it would be (h)... unkind deed. In fact, we are not rude by (i)... nature. We returned (j).... home happily for not killing any creature. 2. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the). Put a cross (X) where no article is used. [Mymensingh Board 2019) English is (a) – international language. It is spoken all over (b)--world. Today English is must in order to get (c) – good job. Today who speak and write (d)-- are in great demand. So, it helps (e)--- man to get (f)-- honourable job. It is (g)--- official or semi-official language in many countries. (h)--- official must have good command of English. Ours is an age of (i)--- globalization. In order to keep pace with time, a Bangladeshi has to know (j)---English. 3. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the). Put a cross (x) where 3. no article is used. [Rajshahi Board 2019] (a) - ant is an industrious insect. Bees are also (b)--- industrious. If we observe (c)-- life of a successful man, we find that he is also (d)-- industrious. (e)-- industrious are always crowned with (f)--success. On the other hand, (g)--- idle fail in life. So, industry is (h)--- must to prosper in life. We should bear in mind that industry is (i)-- key to success and laziness leads us to (j)--misfortune. 4. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the). Put a cross (x) where 4. no article is used. [Dinajpur Board 2019) Early rising is (a)--good for all. It is (b)--- very good habit for (c) ---people who want to shine in (d)---life. (e) ---early riser gets much time for (f)---day's work. (g)-- student who rises early, gets huge time for (h) his/her study. Such (i)---never lags behind. So. we should form (j)-- habit of rising early in the morning. 5. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the). Put a cross (x) where no article is used. [Jashore Board 2019) Idleness brings sufferings. (a)--- idle man and (b)-- active man cannot be equal. We know (c)--- story of (d)---ant and (e)--- grasshopper. (f)--- ant was industrious. On (g)--- other hand, the grasshopper was a lazy (h)--- person. The ant knew that (i)--- industrious shine. On the contrary, (j)--- lazy one suffers in life. 6. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the). Put a cross (X) where no article is used. [Cumilla Board 2019] Each and every student wants to make (a)-- good result in (b) - examination. But it is not (c)--- easy task. (d)--- student has to do something which can lead him to (e)---success. From (f)---very beginning, he must be (g)--- very serious. He should read (h)--- texts again and again. He must not make (i)--- notes from (j)--- common source. 7. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the). Put a cross (X) where no article is used. [Chattogram Board 2019] At present Bangladesh faces (a)---number of(b)--- problems. Of all these problems (c)---population problem is (d)---most acute one. Population is undoubtedly (e)--- great asset of (f)--- country. But when (g)--- country fails to feed and provide them with (h)--- suitable jobs, they become(i) burden. Similar is (j)--- case with Bangladesh. 8. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the). Put a cross (X) where no article is used. [Sylhet Board 2019] (a)--- 16th of December is (b)--- red-letter day in the history of Bangladesh. On this day, achieved victory at (c) cost of (d)--- bloody battle. Bangladesh came into being as (e)--- independent country. It occupied a place in the world (f)--- map. Every year, we observe (g)--- supreme sacrifices of our heroic sons. The day is (i)--- public holiday. The day begins with gunshots. The national flag is hoisted on (j) important houses. 9. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the). Put a cross (X) where no article is used. [Barishal Board 2019] Teaching is (a)--- noble profession, Mr. Salam is (b)--- expert teacher. He is (c)--- MA in English. He serves in (d)--- famous institution. He is very (e)--- punctual and tries to lead (g)--- honest life. He loves (h)--- students like his own (h)--- children, In fact. he is (i)--- most favourite teacher to (j)--- students. 10. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the), put a cross (×) where no article is needed. [Dhaka Board 2018] (a)--- aim of every student is to do better in (b)--- examination. But it is not (c)--- easy task. Regular study is (d)--- must. It is (e)--- unique quality of good student. He should not cram (f)--- answers without knowing the meaning. He should have a good command of (g)--- English too. Besides, a student should form the habit of speaking (h)--- truth. He should make (i)--- best use of time. But the students who are (j)--- idle will suffer in the long run. 11. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the). Put a cross (X) where no article is used. [Rajshahi Board 2018] Money cannot buy (a)--- happiness. Money is (b)--- must for our life. But it is not (c)---necessary to bring our happiness. Happiness is absolutely (d)--- psychological thing. It is (e)--- name of (f) feeling. It means the contentment of mind. He who is (g)---satisfied with what he gets and content with his life is really (h)--- happy man. On the other hand, (i)--- unhappy man finds no contentment with his things. Happiness is (j)--- blessing of the Almighty. 12. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the). Put a cross (x) where 4. no article is used. [Dinajpur Board 2018) Bangladesh is (a)--- world's most densely populated country. Our development efforts are frustrated because of (b)--- enormous size of population. (c)--- population explosion is (d)--- constant threat to our environment and (e)--- society. Population is growing at such (f)--- high rate that (g)--- environment may soon fail to supply (h) people with their minimum necessities. It is indeed (i)--- alarming situation. Something should be done to change (j)--- situation. 13. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the). Put a cross (x) where no article is used. [Jeshore Board 2018) Bangladesh is a land of rivers. It got freedom in 1971 through (a)--- Liberation War. It is located in (b)--capital of Bangladesh. Dhaka is also known as (d)---city of mosques. Our main food is (e)--- rice and fish. It is (f)--- country of beauty. It is, in fact (g)--- large village. (h)--- people of Bangladesh are very hospitable. There are many beautiful things here that attract (i)--- travellers and tourists. The people of Bangladesh like to lead(j)---simple life. 14. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the). Put a cross (x) where no article is used. [Cumilla Board 2018] James Norman Hall was (a)--- American writer. He wrote (b)--- story about (c)--- wonderful piece of business that took place between him and a farmer. While living in (d)--- Tahiti, he was short of (e) money and rented (f)---one-room house about 22 kilometres from (g)--- town. He was doing (h)--- interesting writing there. To save money, he wanted to make (i)--- vegetable garden, in front of his house. But (j)--- land was full of ants and land-crabs. They foiled all his attempts. 15. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the). Put a cross (X) where no article is used. [Chattogram Board 2018] There once lived (a)--- poor farmer. He was (b)--- honest and hard working. He never wastes (c)--- hour time while working. He had (d)--- few pieces of land, but he had to maintain (e)--- large family. One day he found (f)--- umbrella with a bag. In (g)--- bag, he found a letter. He showed it to (h)--- one eyed learned man. The man told him that it was (i)--- important letter of (j)--- university 16. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the). Put a cross (x) where no article is used. [Sylhet Board 2018] People do not eat (a)--- same food all over the world. (b)--- eating habits of the people of a country depend largely on its geographical position, climate and soil. That is to say (c)--- kinds of food they eat, they get easily. For instance, people in (d)--- tropical countries eat a lot of fruits and vegetables. (e)--- chief food of the people of Hawaii and Polynesia in(f)--- Pacific are tero roots, bread,(g)--- fruits and sea-food. They also eat (h)--- lot of limes. The Indians of Central America eat mostly fruits and (i)--- vegetables. (j)--- Eskimos live on meat. 17. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the). Put a cross (x) where no article is used. [Barishal Board 2018] Bangladesh is our motherland. It has thousands of villages where eighty per cent of our people live. So, it is clear that (a)---welfare of the country depends upon (b)--- development of these villages. There was (c)--- time when the villagers were happy and self-supporting. They were (d)--- simple, healthy, peace-loving, religious and hospitable. With the beginning of (e)--- British rule, the villages saw (f)---downfall. (g)--- few cities sprang up after (h)--- western fashion. Then (i)--- educated and well-to-do people left the villages to enjoy (j)--- modern facilities in those cities. 18. Fill in the gaps in the following text with appropriate articles (a, an or the). Put a cross (x) where no article is used. English is a)--- international language. We feel b)--- necessity of learning English at every step. This is c)--- only language of international overseas, business, communication, cooperation and (d)--- coexistence. It is essential to receive (e)--- foreign degree or higher education. All (f)--- good jobs English knowing persons. So every educated man should know how to (g)--- communicate in English. To learn and (h)--- develop skill of English specially for (i)--- students is very important. No (j)--- student should be ignorant of it. Article Worksheet-3.0 Answer 1. Answer: (a) a : (b) a/the; (c) a: (d) a; (e) The; (f) a; (g) the; (h) an: (i) x: (j) x. 2. Answer: a) An (b) the; (c) a; (d) a; (e) a; (f) an: (g) an; (h) an; (i) x; (j) x. 3. Answer: a) An/The; (b) x; (c) the; (d) x; (e) The; (f) x: (g) the; (h) a; (i) the; (j) X. 4. Answer: (a) x: (b) a; (c) the; (d) x; (e) An; (f) the; (g) The; (h) ×; (i) a: (j) the.. 5. Answer: (a) An; (b) an; (c) the; (d) an; (e) a; (f) The; (g) the; (h) x; (i) the; (j) a. 6. Answer: (a) a; (b) the; (c) an; (d) A; (e) x; (h) the; (g) x; (h) the: (i) x; (j) a. 7. Answer: (a) a; (b) x; (c) the/x; (d) the; (e) a; (f) a; (g) the; (h) x; (i) a: (j) the. 8. Answer: (a) The; (b) a; (c) the; (d) a; (e) an; (f) x; (g) the; (h) the; (i) a; (j) the. 9. Answer: (a) a; (b) an; (c) an; (d) a; (e) x; (f) an; (g) the; (h) x; (i) the; (j) the/x. 10. Answer: (a) The; (b) the; (c) an; (d) a; (e) a; (f) the; (g) x; (h) the: (i) the: (j) x. 11. Answer: (a) x; (b) a; (c) x; (d) a; (e) the; (f) a: (g) x; (h) a; (i) an; (j) a. 12. Answer: (a) the; (b) the; (c) x (d) a; (e) x; (f) a; (g) the; (h) x; (i) an; (j) the. 13. Answer: (a) a; (b) x; (c) the; (d) the; (e) x; (f) a; (g) a; (h) The; (i) the: (j) a. 14. Answer: (a) an; (b) a; (c) a; (d) x; (e) x; (f) a: (g) the; (h) an; (i) a; (i) the. 15. Answer: (a) a; (b) x; (c) an; (d) a; (e) a; (f) an; (g) the; (h) a; (i) an; (j) a. 16. Answer: (a) the; (b) The; (c) the; (d) the; (e) The; (f) the: (g) x; (h) a; (i) x; (j) The. 17. Answer: (a) the; (b) the; (c) a; (d) x; (e) the; (f) x; (g) A: (h) the; (i) ×; (j) the. 18. Answer: a) an; b) the; c) the; d) x; e) a; f) the; g)x; h) the; i) the; j) x Articles Worksheet-5.0 HSC Examination- 2019 1. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Dhaka Board-2019] (a)--- parliament house of Bangladesh is (b)---exquisitely designed building. In fact, it is (c)---wonder of modern architecture and technology. It is one of (d)---largest and most spectacular parliament buildings in (e)---world. It is (f)--- highly expensive building. (g)---maintenance cost of the parliament house is about 50 million taka per year. An American architect (h) ---Louis I Khan designed this (i) ---building. Everyday many (j)---visitor comes to visit the building. 2. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Rajshahi Board-2019] The national flag represents (a)---independence of (b)---country. Ours is (c)---independent country. Hence, we have a national flag symbolizing our independence. (d)--- cloth of a national flag is made of (e)--- cotton, silk or linen. Our flag is rectangular in shape maintaining (f)--- ratio of its length and breadth 10: 6, There are different sizes of national flag. The background of our flag is green which symbolizes our life and energy. In the middle point of the flag there is (g)---blood-red circle representing our hard struggle and blood-shed. (h) - red circle also represents the heroic blood-shed of (i)--- martyrs. The national flag plays (j)---vital role in the life of a nation. 3. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Dinajpur Board-2019; Barisal Board-2012] Childhood or boyhood is (a)--- man's formative period. During this period (b)--- child receives training from its mother. (c)- mother's tender heart always looks to (d)---welfare and well-being of (e)---child. If during this period (f)---mother tries to bring (g)---child up carefully and according to her (h)--- best ideas (i)---child is sure to grow with its superiors, parents and teachers and love (j)--- all irrespective of caste, creed and colour. 4. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Jashore Board-2019; Dhaka Board-2015] Industry is (a)---key to success in our life. (b)---industrious can prosper in life. (c)--- man who does not undertake (d)--- hard work can never go (e)---long way in (f)--- world. Many (g)---man is not aware of (h)--- significance of (i)---diligence for which. they cannot reap (j)---benefit of success. 5. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Cumilla Board-2019] An honest man is true to his (a)--- words. He does not deviate from (b)--- path of honesty. He knows that true happiness consists of (c)--- honesty. He does not fall victim to (d)---greed. He does not hanker after (e)---worldly property. (f)---honest man abstains him from corruption. He does not mix with (g)---corrupted people. He is (h)---man who tries to get pleasure from good deeds. (i)---greed for wealth does not touch him. People should follow the path of (j)---honest people of the society. 6. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Chattogram Board-2019;Dhaka Board-2017] What is patriotism? It is (a)--- noble virtue. It inspires (b)--- man to dedicate his life to the freedom and development of his (c)---country. (d)---man without patriotism is no better than (e)--- beast. A true patriot is honoured by (f)--- his countrymen. He thinks for (g)---betterment of his country. On (h)---contrary, (i)--- unpatriotic man thinks only of his own interest. Those who die for (j)---country are true patriots. 7. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Sylhet Board-2019] I have (a)---uncle who has just retired from (b)---army. He used to be (c)---ABI agent, and everybody says he has been an honest man all his life. As a child, I loved him for his stories. He once told me that he met (d)---one-eyed alien from (e)--- space. (f)--- alien did not need any oxygen. And it did not have (g)--- nose. I now understand that it was (h)--- hard story to believe. I am not sure he was telling me (i)---truth. May be he is not so (j)---honest, after all. 8. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Barishal Board-2019; Jashore Board-2015] Mr. Bright is (a)--- European. As he is (b)---Englishman, he knows (c)-- English well. He is (d) – honourable to everyone though he is (e)--- one-eyed man. One day having (f)---SOS, he went to (g)---UŠA. His brother, Johnson living there joined (h)---Army last year. He is (i)---younger of the two brothers. When Mr. Bright met his brother, he could not but shed (j)---tears. HSC Examination- 2018 All Board Questions 9. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [All Board Question-2018 (Ka Set)] Bangladesh is (a)---independent country. We won freedom on (b)---December 16. 1971. This freedom was won as (c)---result of great sacrifice. (d)---great many people laid down their lives for (e)--freedom of the country. (f)--- man who loves his country is (g)-patriot. (h) - real patriot loves his country more than his life. Being patriot, we all should try to make (i)---effort for the welfare and (j)---progress of our motherland. 10. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [ All Board Question-2018 (Kha Set)] William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 in (a)---village of Stratford-on-Avon in (b)---country of Warwickshire. His father John Shakespeare was (c)---farmer's son who came (d)--- Stratford about 1531, and began to prosper as (e)--- trader in corn, wheat, leather and agricultural products. His mother Mary Arden was (f)---daughter of (g)---prosperous farmer, descended form (h)---old family of mixed Anglo-Saxon and Norman blood. It is generally believed that neither (i)---poet's mother nor his father could read or write. In 1582, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, the daughter of (j)---peasant family. She was eight years older than Shakespeare. HSC Examination- 2017 All Board Questions 11. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Dhaka Board-2017] Patriotism is (a)--- noble virtue. It inspires (b)--- man to dedicate his life to the freedom and development of his (c)---country. (d)---man without patriotism is no better than (e)--- beast. A true patriot is honoured by (f)--- his countrymen. He thinks for (g)---betterment of his country. On (h)---contrary, (i)--- unpatriotic man thinks only of his own interest. Those who die for (j)---country are true patriots. 12. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Rajshahi Board-2017;Barishal Board-2017] Truthfulness is (a)--- greatest of all (b)--- virtues which make (c)--- man really great. If we do not cultivate the habit of speaking (d)--- truth, we cannot command (e)--- confidence of others. (f)--- might succeed once or twice by telling (g)--- lie but it never brings a good result. (h)---lie never lies hidden. Today or tomorrow it comes to light. Then (i)--- real character of (j)--- liar is revealed and nobody believes him. 13. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Dinajpur Board-2017] What (a)--- surprise it was! Robin got (b)--- first prize in (c)--- competition. I was (d)---really amazed at his success. Of course he was trained by (e)--- expert coach for (f)--- time. He always obeyed (g)---instructions given by (h)--- coach. Even he was not found outside (i)--- camp during practice session. (j)---boy like him is always appreciated by the people. 14. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Jashore Board-2017] The process of learning may very well be compared to (a))---undertaking of a journey. The learner or the student is (b))---journey taker or traveller. Just as a traveller has to undergo all (c))--- botherations of buying his ticket, booking his baggage, showing up his ticket, taking care of things, boarding a train or a bus and suffering every other item of (d))---tedious journey to reach his (e))---destination, so a learner has to mange his learning affair himself. It is (f))---labourious process and no one can do (g))--- labour for him and no one else can undertake (h))---journey for another. There is no trick or magic in it. It cannot be acquired at second hand. Just as a traveler, he can enquire here and there in case of doubt and difficulty. However, the journey is (i))---passenger's own concern. In (j))---same way, learning is entirely the concern of the student or the learner. 15. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Cumilla Board-2017] In (a))---last 25 years (b))---world has lost one-third of its natural wealth, according to (c))--international conservation organization world wild fund. (d))---earth's forest, wetlands, seas and coasts are in (e))---worse state today than they were before. Forests are cut down. Moreover, they are being burnt indiscriminately resulting in (f))--- increase in carbon dioxide and ultimately in (g))---water level rising as a consequence of global warming. It is anticipated that (h))--- overwhelming environmental (j) )---catastrophe. 16. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Chattogram Board-2017] 'Rifle Roti Aurat' is (a)--- first Bengali novel on (b)--- Liberation War of Bangladesh. This unique novel is written by Anwar Pasha, (c)---professor of Bangla department at Dhaka University. He wrote this (d) --- novel between April and June in 1971. The main characters in this novel is Sudipta Shaheen who shares his dream of (e)--- new country. Professor Anwar Pasha was picked up from his Dhaka University residence two days before (f)---victory. Sensing imminent defeat, the member of (g)--- notorious killing squad Al-Badr picked up (h)--- novelist Anwar Pasha and many other intellectuals and brutally killed them. According to. (i)---Banglapedia, around 991 academics, 13 journalists, 49 physicians, 42 lawyers, and 16 other intellectuals were killed during (j)---Liberation War of Bangladesh. 17. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Sylhet Board-2017] Robi is (a)---indigent boy. He comes of (b)---needy family. But he is diligent and upright. He has (c)--- unique vision for life. He believes that honesty is (d)---key to success. Moreover, he has (e)---deep sense of patriotism. Being imbued with these ideals, he shapes (f)---dream of his life. From (g)- dawn to dusk, he works hard. He never squanders time, wastes money and dissipates (h)---energy. His only aim is to reach (i)---apex of success. We need (j)---ideal boy like Robi. 18. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Barishal Board-2017] Truthfulness is (a)--- greatest of all (b)---virtues which makes (c)---person really great. If we do not cultivate (d)--- habit of speaking (e)---truth, we cannot command (f)--- trust of others. The man whom nobody believes can never be famous in life. It may be that we may succeed once or twice by telling (g)---lie but it never brings about (h)--- good result. A lie never lies hidden. Today or tomorrow it comes to light. Then (i)--- real character of (j)---liar is revealed and nobody believes him. HSC Examination- 2016 All Board Questions 19. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Dhaka Board-2016] Michael Madhusudan Dutt was (a)--- popular 19th century Bengali poet and dramatist. He was born in (b)--- in Sagardari on the (c)--- bank of (d)--- Kopotaksho river, (e)--- village in Keshobpur Upazilla under Jessore district. From (f)---early age, Dutt aspired to be (g)---Englishman in form and manner. Though he was born in (h)---sophisticated Hindu family, he took Christianity arousing (i)--- anger of his family. He contributed much to (j)---development of Bengali literature. 20. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Rajshahi Board-2016] Every student wants to do better in (a)---examination. But it is not (b)---easy work. (c)--- student has to do something for this. From (d)---very beginning he must be serious. He should read (e)---texts again and again. He must not memorize (f)--- answer without knowing the meaning. He must not make notes from (g)---common source. He should have a good (h)---command over English. By doing all these things (i)---student can hope to make a good (j)---result. 21. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Dinajpur Board-2016;Cumilla Board-2013; Dhaka Board-2010] (a)---morning walk is a good habit for all classes of people. It is (b)---simple exercise and good for health and (c)---mentality. In the morning (d)---air is fresh and free from any kind of noise and pollution. This pure (e)---environment makes an effect on (f)---walker's health and mind. When (g)--- man enjoys (h)---beauties and solemnity of (i)---nature in (j)---morning. 22. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Jashore Board-2016] Literacy as (a)--- skill was first institutionalized in Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt and China soon after (b)----- art of writing was invented. Education then was not for (c)--- general people but (d)---privilege for (e)--- chosen (f)---few who took on strategic roles in (g)---running of (h)--- state and in religion. In Greece, education became more widespread in about the 5th century BC. (i)--- Greeks, however, sent only their male children to school. 23. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Cumilla Board-2016] My mother is (a) ---ideal housewife. She is (b)---affectionate lady. She manages (c)--- family very nicely. She hopes to see me happy at (d) cost of her own life. She does not enjoy (e)--- wink of sleep if I fall sick. She is very kind to (f)--- poor. She is also (g)---very religious lady. She advise us to follow (h)--- path of truth and honesty. (i)---woman like her is very rare. She bears a good moral (j) --- character. 24. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Chattogram Board-2016] There is a saying that sincerity is (a) - key to success. (b) – person can prosper in life an by doing hard work. The man who does not follow (c) - rules of sincerity can never go (d) – long way in (e) – world. Many (f) – man is not conscious of (g)- importance of (h) - sincerity for which they don't have (i) - benefit of (j) - success. However, we should be sincere to our work if we want to achieve anything notable. 25. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Sylhet Board-2016] Kamal is (a) ---HSC examinee of this year. He is not (b)--- attentive to his lessons. He is very weak in (c)--- English. Moreover, he is (d)---lazy. So his preparation in English is not good. (e)--- month ago before his examination he managed (f) short suggestion and learnt it. On (g)---day of examination he started for the examination hall (h)---bit earlier. He entered (i)---examination hall with (j)---trembling heart. 26. Filling the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks are not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks. [Barishal Board-2016] Once there lived (a)---poor cobbler. He had (b)---rich neighbour. (c)---neighbour possessed (d) ---ill-health. So, he was (e) ---angry man. He was always (f)---unhappy man, Once he used to think (g)---richest men to be (h)---happiest men in (i)---world. But his (j)---idea was wrong. Articles Worksheet-5.0 Answer 1. Answer: (a) The; (b) an; (C) a; (d) the; (e) the; (f) a; (g) The; (h) x; (i) x; (j) a. 2. Answer: (a) the; (b) a; (c) an; (d) The; (e) x; (f) the; (g) a; (h) The; (i) the; (j) a. 3. Answer: (a) a; (b) a/the; (c) A/The; (d) the; (e) the/a; (f) the/a; (g) the/a; (h) x; (i) the/a; (j) x. 4. Answer: (a) the; (b) The; (c) A/The; (d) x; (e) a; (f) the; (g) a; (h) the; (i) x; (j) the. 5. Answer: (a) x; (b) the; (C) x; (d) x; (e) the/x; (f) An; (g) x/the; (h) a/the; (i) The; (j) the. 6. Answer: (a) a; (b) a; (c) x; (d) A/The; (e) a; (f) x; (g) the; (h) the; (i) an; (j) the. 7. Answer: (a) an; (b) the; (c) an; (d) a; (e) the; (f) The/An; (g) a/x; (h) a; (i) the; (j) x/an. 8. Answer: (a) a; (b) an; (c) x; (d) x; (e) a; (f) an/the; (g) the; (h) the; (i) the; (j) x. 9. Answer: (a) an; (b) x; (C) a; (d) A; (e) the; (f) A; (g) a; (h) A; (i) an; (j) x. 10. Answer: (a) the; (b) the; (c) a; (d) x; (e) a; (f) the; (g) a; (h) an; (i) the; (j) a. 11. Answer: (a) a; (b) a; (c) x; (d) The/A; (e) a; (f) x; (g) the; (h) x; () an; (j) the. 12. Answer:(a) the; (b) x; (c) a; (d) the; (e) x/the; (f) The; (g) a; (h) A; (i) the; (j) the/a. 13. Answer: (a) a; (b) the; (c) the; (d) x; (e) an; (f) the; (g) the; (h) the; (i) the; (j) A. 14. Answer: (a) an/the; (b) a; (c) the/x; (d) a; (e) x; (f) a; (g) the; (h) the/a; (i) the/a; (j) the. 15. Answer: (a) the; (b) the; (c) the; (d) the; (e) a; (f) an; (g) x/the; (h) the; (i) an; (j) x. 16. Answer: (a) the; (b) the; (c) a; (d) x; (e) a; (f) the; (g) the; (h) the; (i) x/the; (j) the. 17. Answer: (a) an; (b) a; (c) a; (d) the; (e) a; (f) the; (g) x; (h) x; (i) the; (j) an. 18. Answer: (a) the; (b) x/the; (c) a; (d) the; (e) the; (f) the; (g) a; (h) a; (i) the; (j) a. u ) 19. Answer: (a) a; (b) x; (c) the; (d) the; (e) a; (f) the/x; (g) an; (h) a; (i) x/the; (j) the. 20. Answer: (a) the; (b) an; (c) a; (d) the; (e) the; (f) the; (g) a; (h) x; (i) the; (j) x. 21. Answer: (a) x; (b) a; (c) x; (d) the; (e) x; (f) the; (g) a; (h) the; (i) x/the; (j) the. 22. Answer: (a) a; (b) the; (c) the; (d) a; (e) the; (f) x; (g) the; (h) the/a; (i) the; (j) x. 23. Answer: (a) an; (b) an; (c) the; (d) the; (e) a; (f) the; (g) a; (h) the; (i) A; j) X 24. Answer: (a) the; (b) A; (c) the; (d) a; (e) the; (f) a; (g) the; (h) x; (i) the; (j) x 25. Answer: (a) an; (b) x; (c) x; (d) x; (e) A; (f) a; (g) the; (h) a; () the; () a. 26. Answer: (a) a; (b) a; (c) The; (d) an/x; (e) an; (f) an; (g) the; (h) the; (i) the; (j) x. Articles Worksheet -4.1 Use articles where necessary. Put a cross (x) where an article is not needed. 1. The prize giving ceremony is (a) — occasion of joy. Almost every school holds (b) — prize giving ceremony. The last prize giving ceremony of our (c) — school was held on 2 March in (d) — school compound. We decorated (e) — school building very tastefully. (f) — big pandal was erected to hold the function. There were two tables neatly decorated on which (g) — prizes were kept. On one side was (h) — platform from where the speeches were delivered. There was also a victory stand from where (i) — recipients received their j)-------prizes. 2. Money cannot buy (a)----- happiness. Money is (b)--------must for our life. But it is not (c) — necessary to bring our happiness. Happiness is absolutely (d) — psychological thing. It is (e) — name of (f) — feeling. It means (g)----- contentment of the mind. He who is satisfied with what he gets and content with his life is (h) — really happy one. Happiness can't be purchased with (i) — money. No doubt, money has got something to do with (j) — happiness, but it cannot give us absolute happiness. [CB-2011; RB, Ctg B, SB-2008] 3. You are (a) — students of class ten, (b) — highest class of your school. To come to this stage you had to undergo a lot of hardship and (c) — efforts. None of you can deny (d) — fact of getting help from (e) — so many dedicated and friendly teachers. This is however, (f) — usual process. What (g) — tremendous job (h) — teachers have shouldered to bring you at this stage. All these have been done to you to help you in becoming (i) — extra-ordinary person having (j) — ability and integrity for your own excellence. 4. Akbar (a) — Great was one of (b) — greatest emperors of India. He was not only a great ruler but also a man of (c) —wisdom. Among all (d) — Mughal rulers he was (e) —best. As a result, his name has been written in golden letters in the page of (f) — history. He was (g) — uneducated person. But he had (h) — ability to rule (i) —kingdom like j) — expert ruler. [DjB-2011; RB-2009] 5. A true friend is (a)-------asset. He stands by his (b)------friend in time of danger. He is not (c) — greedy man. He always wishes for (d) — welfare of his friend. But it is (e) —matter of (f) — fact that (g) — true friend is very rare today. (h) — selfish man cannot be (i)-------true friend. He thinks of his interest. 6.A gentleman once advertised for (a) — post of a peon and nearby 50 candidates came to apply for (b) — post. Of course, only one could be chosen, and 49 must be sent away. When (c) — choice was made, (d) — friend asked (e) — gentleman why he had selected (f) — one who came with (g) — least recommendation. The gentleman said, "There were many things I noticed in his favour. He knew (h) — use of the mat at the door; he closed the door gently as he entered, he made way for (i) — lame man who came into the office; and all of my questions were answered properly and respectively. I think his politeness is (j) — great recommendation". [SB-2011] 7. A journey is always (a) — pleasure to me. Wherever I go on a journey, my heart leaps with (b) — joy. But (c) —journey by boat gives me (d) — greatest pleasure. Since Bangladesh is a land of (e) — rivers, it, is (f) — easy to make (g) — journey by boat. Whenever I get (h) — opportunity to make (1) — journey by boat, I make j) — best use of this opportunity. [DB, SB-2010; JB-2007] 8. We have six seasons in (a) — Bangladesh. Every season appears at an interval of every two months. The winter is one of (b) — six seasons in Bangladesh. It comes after (c) - late autumn. It comprises the two Bangla months of 'Poush and Magh. Winter comes with its fog and chill. Life in nature seems to be dull. Trees turn grey and leafless. Men and animals shiver with cold. (d) — sky becomes clear and blue. Poor people suffer much from cold. In this season vegetables are available in abundance. There is (e) — very special feature of (f) — season. It is (g) — collecting time of juice from date trees. In the winter (h) — general health of people remains satisfactory. No doubt winter is (i) — cold season. But at(j) — same time it is enjoyable too. [CB-2010] 9. It was a dark night. A blind man was walking along (a)-----road. He held (b) — lamp in his hand. Two men laughed at him. One of them said, 'What is (c) — use of a lamp to (d) — blind manT The other called the blind man (e) —fool. (f) — blind man heard this and took it to (g) —heart. He said, (h) — lamp is not for me ; it is for those (i) — people who are careless. They'll not see me in j) —darkness. The lamp will show them the path.,, [RB-2010] 10. Money cannot buy (a) — happiness. But it is true that money is (b) — must for our daily life. Everything is (c) —necessary in man's life for happiness. But happiness is absolutely (d) — psychological thing. It is (e) — name of (f)------feeling. It means (g) — contentment. One who is satisfied with what one gets and contented with one's life is (h) — happy man. Happiness cannot be bought with (i) — money. Everybody will admit that money has undoubtedly nothing to do for bringing j) — happiness. [JB-20I0] 11. Patriotism is a noble (a) — virtue. It inspires (b) — man to shed last drop of blood to defend the freedom of his (c)------country. (d) — man without patriotism is not better than (e) — animal. ,A true patriot is honoured by (f) — all. He thinks for (g) — welfare of his country. On (h) — other hand (i) — unpatriotic man thinks only of his own interest. Those who die for j) — country are true patriots. They are remembered even after their death. [CtgB-2010; JB-2008] 12. Shams always tries to educate (a) — uneducated. He tells them to check (b) — beast in them. He reads in (c) — Rajshahi University. Being (d) — active boy, he hates (e) — idle. He has (f) — great deal of books. He makes (g)-----best use of his time. He has made (h) — few plans. He knows that (i) — time is j) — valuable thing. [BB-2010] 13. English is (a) — international language. We feel (b) — necessity of learning English at every step. This is (c) — only language of international business, communication, cooperation and (d) — co-existence. It is essential to receive (e) — foreign degree or higher education. All (f)-----good jobs need English knowing persons. So every educated person should know how to communicate in (g) — English. To learn and develop (h) — skill of English specially for (i) — students is very important. No j) — student should be ignorant of it.[DB-2009; CB-2007] 14. (a) — cricket is (b) — foreign game in our country. But it is (c) — international game. After winning (d) — ICC Trophy in (e) — Malaysia in 1996, it has become more popular than football in our country. By defeating (f) — Kenya, Bangladesh got (g) — first victory in (h) — ODI cricket in 1998. Bangladesh got the taste of winning (i) — test match in January, 2005 defeating j) — Zimbabwe. [CB-2009] ARTICLES A, An and The are called Articles. NOTE: Formerly Articles were classed as a separate part of speech: but now they are classed as Adjectives. A and An are called Indefinite Articles, because they do not point out any particular person or thing: a book= any book, a girl = any girl. They are used only before singular countable nouns. The is called the Definite Article, because it points to some particular person or thing: the boy = the boy of whom, we are speaking or who is known: the girls; the air: the grass. The definite article can be used before singular or plural nouns, whether countable or uncountable. As a general rule, a Common Noun in the singular number should have an article before it. Thus, we cannot say, "I have seen tiger" - we should say, "I have seen a or the tiger." But a Common Noun in the plural does not require the unless we want to particularize. Boys love games ; but The boys( those already referred to, or those before us) are playing. Uses of A "A" is used before a consonant : a boy, a word, a B.A., etc. such vowels that have the sound of "you": a ewe, a useful thing, a unit, a European etc. "o", when it sounds like "w": such a one, a one-rupee note. etc. "An" is used before a vowel : an eye, an idiot, an ox, etc. a consonant beginning with a vowel sound: an M. A., an M.D., an honest boy, an hour. Other uses of 'A' and 'An' Generalizing "A" or "An"--A or An is sometimes used before a noun to indicate a class : A son should obey his father. An ant is an industrious creature. A is used as a preposition---He went a hunting (= on hunting). Potatoes sell at one kilo a (per) rupee. I get sixty rupee a month. A is used in the sense of a certain: A Mr. Bose came to see me. A and An are also used in a number of phrases: to have a cold, to take an interest in, in a hurry. A is sometimes used to mean a single or any: There was not a man to support him, though no one spoke a word against him openly. A sometimes means one like: He thinks he is a Sarat Chandra. A is used before other determinatives like few, little, lot of: There are a few apples on the table. There are a lot of books in the library. There is a little water in the jug. NOTE: It is also possible to say: 'few apples', 'little water' but such constructions convey different meaning. A or An is also used in certain exclamatory sentences beginning with 'what' : What a thing to say ! What an awful comment to make! Rules for the use of "The": The is used before: (a) The names of rivers (the Ganga), gulfs (the Persian Gulf ), seas (the Black Sea), mountain ranges (the Himalayas), groups of islands' ( the Andamans), ships (the Viceroy), newspapers (the Statesman), descriptive geographical or significant names ( the Punjab, the Deccan), the name of a country that is a union of smaller entities (the U. K., the West Indies, the U.S.S.R.), the, name of a country that is plural in form (the United States, the Netherlands), name of holy books (the Geeta) and names of the noted public places and important events (The Secretariat , the High Court, the . Senate House, the French Revolution the Reformation), trains, planes and spacecraft ( the Punjab Mail, the Queen Mary, the Skylab). Note: 1.But not before a single mountain or a single island: Everest, Java. 2.We say The Paradise Lost of Milton,' but 'Milton's Paradise Lost% ' The Twelfth Night but 'Shakespeare's Twelfth Night'. 3. We say parliament but The member of the parliament. Singular Common Nouns to represent a whole class: The dog is a faithful animal. The cow eats grass. (Generalizing 'The'). Nouns to point out a person or thing known or already referred to: Come into the garden (the garden before the speaker). I went to the club. I do not like the fellow (the fellow already referred to). (Familiar 'The'). Singular nouns referring to things of which only one exists: the earth, the sun. the sky, the east. Superlatives: He is the best of them. Comparatives, as adverbs: The more the merrier. (Instrumental 'The'.) A national name with a plural notion, to denote a people collectively. Without the, such a noun indicates the language of the people. The English (=the English people) are industrious. English (= the language) is a rich language. The French (=people of France) fought hard. I am learning French (=the language). Adjectives with a plural notion, to indicate a whole class of persons . But we should not combine both the forms. The rich (= rich men) are not always happy. Rich men are not always happy. The rich man is not always happy. But not The rich men are not always happy. Common Nouns as a substitute for the possessive Adjective: I struck him on the (his) head ; He stared at me in the (my) face. (Possessive 'The'.) (j) Nouns defined by adjectives or adjectival phrases or clauses: the black dog; the immortal Kalidas ; The men who came here yesterday are my friends. (k) Some Adjectives and Common Nouns in the singular number to express an abstract idea: Do not leap in the dark. The future (= futurity) is unknown to us. Check the beast (= animal nature) in you. The mother (motherly feelings) in her could not bear the sight. The father (= fatherly affection) in him could not bear the sight. (1) Adjectives, to denote particular parts of things : He likes the yellow of an egg. He entered the thick of the forest. Ordinal numbers written in letters ; but when written in Roman notation, no article is used : George the Fifth (but, George V) ; Chapter the Second (but, Chapter 11). Nouns, to indicate a profession: He joined the Bar or the Church (became a lawyer or a clergyman). The names of musical instruments: He plays the violin. But, he has a violin. The plural names of families: the Browns, the Boses. Proper, Material and Abstract nouns to make them Common : Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India. The water of the Ganga. The is sometimes used before a noun to give it the force of a superlative: He is the singer of the day. Omission of Articles: No article is normally used: (a) Before Proper, Material, or Abstract Nouns, except when they are particularised: Ashok (but, the king Ashok), Homer (but, the Homer of India), gold (but, the gold of Australia), honesty (hut, the honesty of the boy). (b) Before Common Nouns in the plural number, except when they are particularised: Dogs bark ; Cowseat grass; but, the dogs of my house ; the cows that I bought. (c) Often before a Common or Collective Noun, preceded by the phrases kind or species or sort of or when used in its widest sense: What kind or sort of man is he? Man, bird and beast-- all are subject to death. Always keep good company. But we say: The banyan is a kind of tree. Malaria is caused by a species of mosquito. Before man in the sense of mankind, and before father, mother, and baby when a particular one of them is meant Man is mortal. Father or Mother (i.e. my father or mother) says. so. Cook, nurse etc. take no article in the sense of 'our cook', 'our nurse'. Cook has given notice. In many idiomatic phrases: To take root (to be firmly established); to call to mind (to remember); to give ear to (to hear) ; to set foot on; by boat; at night; send word; at home; to attend school; by land; on horseback, etc. Before the words school, church, prison, hospital, college, court, market and a few other names of localities, besides table and bed. These take no article when we think of the use made of the building or object : Ram has gone to school/college (to learn). Ram has gone to the school/college (not to learn but just to see the place). Rabin once hit a ball right over the top of the school (building). They took him to hospital (for treatment). They went to the hospital (just to see the place). Before the names of squares, buildings, parks, streets, etc. consisting of a proper name (either a person or a place): Buckingham Palace, Curzon Park, Rashbehari Avenue. Before the names of meals (as a part of the daily routine): We have dinner at 8 p.m. (i) Before names of seasons and festivals, though the definite article may also be found in certain general statements: Winter is the best time for picnics. The first time I was in Kashmir was in the Autumn. Before titles when they are used in apposition to a Noun : Mr Bose, Principal of our college, is a well known man. Before complements to factitive verbs: Sumit was elected captain. They made him President. Note: 'In writing the date we nowadays omit the and of but in reading that date we generally put them in: March 10th ( The tenth of March) , 16th August ( The sixteenth of August or August the sixteenth), Repetition of the Article: (a) When two or more Nouns joined by and refer to the same thing, the Article is used only before the first ; but if they refer to separate things, the Article should be repeated before each The Secretary and the Treasurer have done this (two separate men). The Secretary and Treasurer has done this (the same man). Write either The first and the second boy' or ' The first and second boys' to refer to two boys. In a comparison, if two Nouns refer to the same object, the Article is used before the first Noun only. But if the Nouns refer to different objects, the Article is used before each Noun: The same person He is a better poet than speaker. He is a better poet than pleader. Different person He is a better poet than a speaker (would make). He is a better teacher than a pleader (would make). When two or more Adjectives refer to the same Noun, the Article is used before the first: I have a brown and white cat (one cat ). When two or more Adjectives refer to different Nouns, the Article is used before each Adjective: I have a brown and a white cat (2 cats ).

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Punctuation for SSC and HSC Examination, Punctuation for exmination, Important Punctuation practice for examination Punctuation for Advanced Writing

listening for IELTS, Listeting practice for ielts, IELTS listening mock tests, tactics for IELTS Listening, Listening tests for IELTS Test format – IELTS Listening (30 minutes) You will listen to four recordings of native English speakers and then write your answers to a series of questions. Recording 1 – a conversation between two people set in an everyday social context. Recording 2 – a monologue set in an everyday social context, e.g. a speech about local facilities. Recording 3 – a conversation between up to four people set in an educational or training context, e.g. a university tutor and a student discussing an assignment. Recording 4 – a monologue on an academic subject, e.g. a university lecture. Assessors will be looking for evidence of your ability to understand the main ideas and detailed factual information, the opinions and attitudes of speakers, the purpose of an utterance and evidence of your ability to follow the development of ideas. IELTS Listening description Paper format: There are four parts with ten questions each. The questions are designed so that the answers appear in the order they are heard in the audio. The first two parts deal with situations set in everyday social contexts. In Part 1, there is a conversation between two speakers (for example, a conversation about travel arrangements), and in Part 2, there is a monologue in (for example, a speech about local facilities). The final two parts deal with situations set in educational and training contexts. In Part 3, there is a conversation between two main speakers (for example, two university students in discussion, perhaps guided by a tutor), and in Part 4, there is a monologue on an academic subject. The recordings are heard only once. They include a range of accents, including British, Australian, New Zealand, American and Canadian. Timing: Approximately 30 minutes (plus 10 minutes transfer time). No. of questions: 40 Task types: A variety of question types are used, chosen from the following: multiple choice, matching, plan/map/diagram labelling, form/note/table/flow-chart/summary completion, sentence completion. Answering: Test takers write their answers on the question paper as they listen and at the end of the test are given 10 minutes to transfer their answers to an answer sheet. Care should be taken when writing answers on the answer sheet as poor spelling and grammar are penalised. Marks: Each question is worth 1 mark. IELTS Listening in detail A detailed look at the paper with links to related resources. Task type 1 – Multiple choice Task type and format: In multiple choice tasks, there is a question followed by three possible answers, or the beginning of a sentence followed by three possible ways to complete the sentence. Test takers are required to choose the one correct answer - A, B or C. Sometimes, test takers are given a longer list of possible answers and told that they have to choose more than one. In this case, they should read the question carefully to check how many answers are required. Task focus: Multiple choice questions are used to test a wide range of skills. The test taker may be required to have a detailed understanding of specific points or an overall understanding of the main points of the listening text. No. of questions: Variable Task type 2 – Matching Task type and format: Test takers are required to match a numbered list of items from the listening text to a set of options on the question paper. The set of options may be criteria of some kind. Task focus: Matching assesses the skill of listening for detail and whether a test taker can understand information given in a conversation on an everyday topic, such as the different types of hotel or guest house accommodation. It also assesses the ability to follow a conversation between two people. It may also be used to assess test takers’ ability to recognise relationships and connections between facts in the listening text. No. of questions: Variable Task type 3 – Plan, map, diagram labelling Task type and format: Test takers are required to complete labels on a plan (eg of a building), map (eg of part of a town) or diagram (e.g. of a piece of equipment). The answers are usually selected from a list on the question paper. Task focus: This type of task assesses the ability to understand, for example, a description of a place, and to relate this to a visual representation. This may include being able to follow language expressing spatial relationships and directions (e.g. straight on/through the far door). No. of questions: Variable Task type 4 – Form, note, table, flow-chart, summary completion Task type and format: Test takers are required to fill in the gaps in an outline of part or of all of the listening text. The outline will focus on the main ideas/facts in the text. It may be: 1. a form: often used to record factual details such as names 2. a set of notes: used to summarise any type of information using the layout to show how different items relate to one another 3. a table: used as a way of summarising information which relates to clear categories – e.g. place/time/price, 4. a flow-chart: used to summarise a process which has clear stages, with the direction of the process shown by arrows. Test takers may have to select their answers from a list on the question paper or identify the missing words from the recording, keeping to the word limit stated in the instructions. Test takers do not have to change the words from the recording in any way. Test takers should read the instructions very carefully as the number of words or numbers they should use to fill the gaps will vary. A word limit is given, for example, ‘NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER’. Test takers are penalised for writing more than the stated number of words, and test takers should check this word limit carefully for each task. Contracted words will not be tested. Hyphenated words count as single words. Task focus: This focuses on the main points which a listener would naturally record in this type of situation. No. of questions: Variable Task type 5 – Sentence completion Task type and format: Test takers are required to read a set of sentences summarising key information from all the listening text or from one part of it. They then fill a gap in each sentence using information from the listening text. A word limit is given, for example, ‘NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER’. Test takers are penalised for writing more than the stated number of words. (Test takers should check this word limit carefully for each task: the limit is either ONE, TWO or THREE words). Contracted words will not be tested. Hyphenated words count as single words. Task focus: Sentence completion focuses on the ability to identify the key information in a listening text. Test takers have to understand functional relationships such as cause and effect. No. of questions: Variable Task type 6 – Short-answer questions Task type and format: Test takers are required to read a question and then write a short answer using information from the listening text. A word limit is given, for example, ‘NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER’. Test takers are penalised for writing more than the stated number of words. (Test takers should check this word limit carefully for each task.) Contracted words will not be tested. Hyphenated words count as single words. Sometimes test takers are given a question which asks them to list two or three points. Task focus: Sentence completion focuses on the ability to listen for concrete facts, such as places, prices or times, within the listening text. No. of questions: Variable IELTS Listening – how it's marked The Listening test is marked by certificated markers, who are regularly monitored to ensure their reliability. All answer sheets, after being marked, are further analysed by Cambridge Assessment English. Band score conversion A Band Score conversion table is produced for each version of the Listening test which translates scores out of 40 into the IELTS 9-band scale. Scores are reported in whole bands and half bands. One mark is awarded for each correct answer in the 40-item test. Care should be taken when writing answers on the answer sheet as poor spelling and grammar are penalised. 00:00 / 01:04 audio Below are some resources you can use to train and maintain your listening skills daily. YouTube - https://www.youtube.com BBC Learning English - http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish TED - https://www.ted.com/ BBC radio - https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio ABC news in Australia - https://radio.abc.net.au/stations/news/live?play=true Listening Test Audios Youtube Link https://www.youtube.com/@ieltslisteningaudio/videos Read More Updated Contents IELTS IELTS Academic Writing Task-1 IELTS General Training Writing Task-1 IELTS Grammar IELTS Idea Builders IELTS Reading IELTS Speaking IELTS Speaking Part -3 IELTS Speaking Part-1 IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Vocabulary IELTS Writing IELTS Writing Task-2 Essay Writing IELTS Listening

Unlock the art of crafting effective notices for examinations with our comprehensive guide. Perfect for college students seeking to master notice writing. Notice Writing for the Examination

Vocabulary for IELTS Most Common Idioms for IELTS A Idioms A big cheese- an important or a powerful person in a group or family A bird's eye view- a view from a very high place which allows you to see a large area A bone of contention- something that people argue for a long time A cock and a bull story- a story or an explanation which is obviously not true. At the crack of the dawn- very early in morning A cuckoo in the nest- someone in a group of people but not liked by them. A litmus test- a method which clearly proves something As the crow flies- measuring distance between two places in a straight line. A dead letter- an argument or law not followed by anyone. At the drop of the hat- u do something easily and without any preparation An early bird- someone who gets early in the morning An educated guess- a guess which was likely to get corrected At the eleventh hour- be too late. A queer fish- a strange person A wakeup call- an event done to warn someone A worm's eye view- having very little knowledge about something A witch hunt- an attempt to find and punish those who have options that are believed to be dangerous At the heels of- to follow someone A dish fit for Gods- something of very high quality A game of two equal halves- a sudden change in circumstances Afraid of one's own shadow- to become easily frightened Against the clock- to be in a hurry to do something before a particular time Air one's dirty laundry- to make public something embarrassing that should be kept secret. All systems go- everything is ready. An arm and a leg- a large amount of money Appear out of now here- to appear suddenly without warning. Apple of someone's eye- someone loved very much. Ask for the moon- to ask for too much. Asleep at the switch- not to be alert on opportunity At sixes and sevens- to be lost and bewildered At someone's beck and call- to be always ready to serve At the bottom of the ladder- at the lowest level A house of cards- a poor plan At an arm's length- to keep at a distance At sixes and sevens- in disorder A boon in disguise- a benefit in loss A bull in a China shop- an awkward person A red letter day- an important day A nine days wonder- pleasure for a short time A bit under the weather- falling ill B idioms Bad blood- feelings of hate between two families Bend your ears- to talk to someone for a very long time about something boring Bite your tongue- to stop yourself from saying something because it would be better not to Black and blue- full of bruises Blue blood- belonging to high social class Be above board- to be honest and legal Be bouncing off the walls- excited and full of nervous energy Bow and scrap- try too hard to please someone in a position of authority Brass monkey weather- extremely cold weather Be tailor made- to be completely suitable for someone. Break the ice- to make more comfort or relaxed with a person whom you have not met earlier, to break the silence Be as clear as mud- to be impossible to understand Be on cloud nine- be very happy Between the devil and deep blue sea- a type of situation where u must choose between two equally unpleasant situations Be in the doldrums- not very successful or nothing new is taking place Beat the drum- to speak eagerly about something you support Be on the edge- to be nervous or worried about something Be in seventh heaven- extremely happy Be at each other's throat- two persons arguing angrily Batten down the hatches- to prepare for trouble Back the wrong horse- to support someone weak Back to square one- to reach again to the starting point Back to the salt mines- back to something that you don't want to do Ball of fire- active and energetic Beat one's head against the wall- to try to do something that is hopeless Bark up the wrong tree- to make a wrong assumption Batten down the hatches- prepare for difficult times Beat one's brain out- to work hard Begin to see the light- to begin to understand Behind closed doors- done in secret Bet on the wrong horse- to misread the future Bent on doing- to be determined to do something Bite off more than one can chew- to do more than one's ability Bite the bullet- to face a difficult situation bravely Bitter pill to swallow- an unpleasant fact that must be accepted Black sheep of the family- worst member Blessing in disguise- something that turns out to be good which earlier appeared to be wrong Blind leading the blind- someone who does not understand something but tries to explain it to other Blow one's own horn- to praise one Blow someone's mind- excite someone Bone of contention- subject matter of the fight Bring home the bacon- to earn money to live Blue in the face- exhausted and speechless Break the back of- reduce the power of something Burn a hole in one's pocket- to spend money quickly Burn the midnight oil- to study till late of night Bushman's holiday- a holiday where you spend doing same thing as you did at working days Button's one lip- to keep quite Break a leg- to wish good luck C idioms Carrot and sticks- You use both awards as well as punishments to make someone do something. Cloak and dragger- when people behave in a very secret manner Cards are stacked against- luck is against you Crack a book- to open book to study Cross a bridge before one comes to it- worry about the future in advance Carry coals to new castle- to take something to a place or a person that has a lot of that thing already Cast in the same mould- to be very similar Change horses in midstream- to change plans Cap it all- to finish Cried with eyes out- cried a lot Carry the can- If you carry the can, you take the blame for something, even though you didn't do it or are only partly at fault. Cast a long shadow- Something or someone that casts a long shadow has considerable influence on other people or events. Cat and dog life- If people lead a cat and dog life, they are always arguing. D idioms Drive a wedge between- to break relationship between the two Dances to the tune- to always do what someone tells you to do Dressed up to the nines- wearing fancy clothes Dragging its feet- delaying in decision, not showing enthusiasm Davey Jones' locker- Davey Jones' locker is the bottom of the sea or resting place of drowned sailors. ('Davy Jones' locker' is an alternative spelling.) Dancing on someone's grave- If you will dance on someone's grave, you will outlive or outlast them and will celebrate their demise Dog in the manger- If someone acts like a dog in the manger, they don't want other people to have or enjoy things that are useless to them Don't cry over spilt milk- When something bad happens and nothing can be done to help it people say, 'Don't cry over spilt milk' Don't wash your dirty laundry in public- People, especially couples, who argue in front of others or involve others in their personal problems and crises, are said to be washing their dirty laundry in public; making public things that are best left private. Donkey work- Donkey work is any hard, boring work or task. Don't throw bricks when you live in a glass house- Don't call others out on actions that you, yourself do. Don't be a hypocrite. E idioms Entering the 80th orbit- celebrating the 80th birthday Eleventh hour decision- decision that is made at the last possible minute End in smoke- to bear no result Earth shattering- not at all surprising Eat humble pie- to apologize humbly Elephant in the room- An elephant in the room is a problem that everyone knows very well but no one talks about because it is taboo, embarrassing, etc. Egg on your face- If someone has egg on their face; they are made to look foolish or embarrassed Eye for an eye- This is an expression for retributive justice, where the punishment equals the crime. Eyes are bigger than one's stomach- If someone's eyes are bigger than their stomach, they are greedy and take on more than they can consume or manage. F idioms From cradle to grave- during the whole span of your life. Face the music-to accept punishment for something you have done. Feel the pinch- to have problems with money. Fall on your own sword- to be cheated by someone you trust. Feather in one's cap- something that you achieve and proud of. Firing on all cylinders- work every possible way to succeed. French leave- absent without permission, to take French leave is to leave a gathering without saying goodbye or without permission. Fall on our feet- If you fall on your feet, you succeed in doing something where there was a risk of failure. Fall on your sword- If someone falls on their sword, they resign or accept the consequences of what they have done wrong. Fingers and thumbs- If you are all fingers and thumbs, you are being clumsy and not very skilled with your hands. Finger in the pie- If you have a finger in the pie, you have an interest in something. Flash in the pan- If something is a flash in the pan; it is very noticeable but doesn't last long, like most singers, who are very successful for a while, then forgotten. Follow your nose- When giving directions, telling someone to follow their nose means that they should go straight ahead. Fool's paradise- A fool's paradise is a false sense of happiness or success Foot in mouth- This is used to describe someone who has just said something embarrassing, inappropriate, wrong or stupid For a song- If you buy or sell something for a song, it is very cheap For donkey's years- If people have done something, usually without much if any change, for an awfully long time, they can be said to have done it for donkey's years G idioms Get off the hook- free from all obligations Give-up the ghost- to die Got the slap on the wrist- got light punishment Give someone a bird- make fun Got the wind up- to be scared Get a raw deal- not treated equally Gift of the gab- talent of speaking, if someone has the gift of the gab, they speak in a persuasive and interesting way Gives cold shoulder- to ignore Get your wires crossed- If people get their wires cross, they misunderstand each other, especially when making arrangements.('Get your lines crossed' is also used.) Give me five- If someone says this, they want to hit your open hand against theirs as a way of congratulation or greeting Give me a hand- If someone gives you a hand, they help you Give someone a piece of your mind- If you give someone a piece of your mind, you criticize them strongly and angrily. Go bananas- If you go bananas, you are wild with excitement, anxiety, or worry Go tell it to birds- This is used when someone says something that is not credible or is a lie Go under the hammer- If something goes under the hammer, it is sold in an auction Graveyard shift- If you have to work very late at night, it is the graveyard shift Grease monkey- A grease monkey is an idiomatic term for a mechanic H idioms Have ants in your pants- not be able to keep still because you are very excited or worried about something. Having a whole of a time- to enjoy very much Hold one's horse- be patient Have a big mouth- one who gossips more or tells secret Himalayan blunder- a serious mistake Have a one track mind- think only of one thing Have clean hands- be guiltless Have an egg on the face- be embarrassed Have eyes bigger than stomach- desiring more food than one can eat Heart missed a beat- very excited Heart in the right place- good natured Hit the nail on the head- done the thing correctly Hand to mouth- Someone who's living from hand to mouth, is very poor and needs the little money they have coming in to cover their expenses Have no truck with- If you have no truck with something or someone, you refuse to get involved with it or them Hit the bull's-eye- If someone hits the bull's-eye, they are exactly right about something or achieve the best result possible. Hold water- When you say that something does or does not 'hold water', it means that the point of view or argument put forward is or is not sound, strong or logical. For e.g. 'Saying we should increase our interest rates because everyone else is doing so will not hold water' Hornets' nest- A hornets' nest is a violent situation or one with a lot of dispute. (If you create the problem, you 'stir up a hornets' nest'.) I idioms In dribs and drabs- in small amounts at a time In black and white- to give in writing In the blues- low spirited In cahoots with- in a partnership usually for a dishonest reason If the shoe fits, wear it- This is used to suggest that something that has been said might apply to a person In droves- When things happen in droves, a lot happen at the same time or very quickly In the doghouse- If someone is in the doghouse, they are in disgrace and very unpopular at the moment. J idioms Jack Frost - If everything has frozen in winter, then Jack Frost has visited. Jack the Lad - A confident and not very serious young man who behaves as he wants to without thinking about other people is a Jack the Lad. Jack-of-all-trades- A jack-of-all-trades is someone that can do many different jobs. Jam on your face - If you say that someone has jam on their face, they appear to be caught, embarrassed or found guilty. Jam tomorrow - This idiom is used when people promise good things for the future that will never come. Jane Doe - Jane Doe is a name given to an unidentified female who may be party to legal proceedings, or to an unidentified person in hospital, or dead. John Doe is the male equivalent. Jekyll and Hyde - Someone who has a Jekyll and Hyde personality has a pleasant and a very unpleasant side to the character. Jersey justice - Jersey justice is very severe justice. Jet set - Very wealthy people who travel around the world to attend parties or functions are the jet set. Jet-black - To emphasise just how black something is, such as someone's hair, we can call it jet-black. Job's comforter - Someone who says they want to comfort, but actually discomforts people is a Job's comforter. Jobs for the boys - Where people give jobs, contracts, etc, to their friends and associates, these are jobs for the boys. Jockey for position - If a number of people want the same opportunity and are struggling to emerge as the most likely candidate, they are jockeying for position. Jog my memory- If you jog someone's memory, you say words that will help someone trying to remember a thought, event, word, phrase, experience, etc. John Doe- John Doe is a name given to an unidentified male who may be party to legal proceedings, or to an unidentified person in hospital, or dead. Jane Doe is the female equivalent. Joe Public - Joe Public is the typical, average person. Johnny on the spot - A person who is always available; ready, willing, and able to do what needs to be done.('Johnny-on-the-spot' is also used.) Johnny-come-lately - A Johnny-come-lately is someone who has recently joined something or arrived somewhere, especially when they want to make changes that are not welcome. Join the club - Said when someone has expressed a desire or opinion, meaning "That viewpoint is not unique to you". It can suggest that the speaker should stop complaining since many others are in the same position. Example: "If this train doesn't come, I'll be late for work!" "Join the club!" Joined at the hip - If people are joined at the hip, they are very closely connected and think the same way. Judge, jury and executioner - If someone is said to be the judge, jury, and executioner, it means they are in charge of every decision made, and they have the power to be rid of whomever they choose. Juggle frogs - If you are juggling frogs, you are trying to do something very difficult. Jump down someone's throat - If you jump down someone's throat, you criticise or chastise them severely. Jump on the bandwagon - If people jump on the bandwagon, they get involved in something that has recently become very popular. Jump ship - If you leave a company or institution for another because it is doing badly, you are jumping ship. Jump the broom - To jump the broom is to marry. (Jump over the broom, jump over the broomstick, jump the broomstick are also used.) Jump the gun - If you jump the gun, you start doing something before the appropriate time. Jump the track - Jumping the track is suddenly changing from one plan, activity, idea, etc, to another. Jump through hoops - If you are prepared to jump through hoops for someone, you are prepared to make great efforts and sacrifices for them. Jump to a conclusion - If someone jumps to a conclusion, they evaluate or judge something without a sufficient examination of the facts. Jumping Judas! - An expression of surprise or shock. Jungle out there - If someone says that it is a jungle out there, they mean that the situation is dangerous and there are no rules. Jury's out - If the jury's out on an issue, then there is no general agreement or consensus on it. Just around the corner- If something is just around the corner, then it is expected to happen very soon. Just coming up to - If the time is just coming up to nine o'clock, it means that it will be nine o'clock in a very few seconds. You'll hear them say it on the radio in the morning. Just deserts - If a bad or evil person gets their just deserts, they get the punishment or suffer the misfortune that it is felt they deserve. Just for the heck of it - When someone does something just for the heck of it, they do it without a good reason. Just for the record - If something is said to be just for the record, the person is saying it so that people know but does not necessarily agree with or support it. Just in the nick of time - If you do something in the nick of time, you just manage to do it just in time, with seconds to spare. Just off the boat - If someone is just off the boat, they are naive and inexperienced. Just what the doctor ordered - If something's just what the doctor ordered, it is precisely what is needed. Justice is blind - Justice is blind means that justice is impartial and objective. K idioms Kick up a row- to start a fight, to create disturbance Keep ones eye on the ball- be ready for something Kangaroo court- When people take the law into their own hands and form courts that are not legal, these are known as kangaroo court Keep body and soul together- If you earn enough to cover your basic expenses, but nothing more than that, you earn enough to keep body and soul together. Keep your eye on the ball- If you keep your eye on the ball, you stay alert and pay close attention to what is happening Know which way the wind blows- This means that you should know how things are developing and be prepared for the future. L idioms Loaves and fishes- done for material benefits Like a shag on a rock- completely alone. Let someone slide- neglect something Let the cat out of the bag- reveal the secret Let nature take its course- to allow someone to live or die naturally. Like a sitting duck- totally unaware Lion's share- a major share Left to your own devices- If someone is left to their own devices, they are not controlled and can do whatever they want M idioms Make castles in the air- plans or hopes that have very little chances of happening. Make a bee line for- to go directly towards something. Make ones bed and lie on it- to be responsible for what you have done and accept the results Meet ones waterloo- meet ones final end Monkey around- to waste time here and there My hands are full- I am busy Make a dry face- show disappointment Make a monkey of someone- If you make a monkey of someone, you make them look foolish Man of his word- A man of his word is a person who does what he says and keeps his Promises Many moons ago- A very long time ago N idioms Nobody's fool- one who can take care of himself not having a leg to stand for- not having proof Never-never land- ideal best place. No love lost between- dislike Needle in a haystack- If trying to find something is like looking for a needle in a haystack, it means that it is very difficult, if not impossible to find among everything around it New brush sweeps clean- 'A new brush sweeps clean' means that someone with a new perspective can make great changes. However, the full version is 'a new brush sweeps clean, but an old brush knows the corners', which warns that experience is also a valuable thing No smoke without fire- This idiom means that when people suspect something, there is normally a good reason for the suspicion, even if there is no concrete evidence. ('Where's there's smoke, there's fire' is also used.) O idioms Once in a blue moon- very rarely On the bandwagon- doing something because others are also doing it Open Pandora's box- to discover more problems Over the moon- being too happy On its last legs- in a bad condition and will not last long Old flames die hard- It's very difficult to forget old things On pins and needles- If you are on pins and needles, you are very worried about something On the carpet- When you are called to the bosses office (since supposedly, they are the only ones who have carpet) and its definitely not for a good reason, i.e., you are in trouble, something has not gone according to plan and either maybe you are responsible and/or have some explaining to do On the hook- If someone is on the hook, they are responsible for something. Only the wearer knows where the shoe pinches- This means that it's hard to know how much someone else is suffering. P idioms Pass muster- to be approved Pick someone to pieces- to criticize sharply Paper over the cracks- to try to hide something Put the cart before the horse- doing things in a wrong manner Pull up the shocks- do things in the right manner and correctly Parrot fashion- If you learn something parrots fashion; you learn it word for word Pay on the nail- If you pay on the nail, you pay promptly in cash Pen is mightier than the sword- The idiom 'the pen is mightier than the sword' means that words and communication are morepowerful than wars and fighting Pick someone's brains- If you pick someone's brains, you ask them for advice, suggestions and information about something they know about Pieces of the same cake- Pieces of the same cake are things that have the same characteristics or qualities Play fast and loose- If people play fast and loose, they behave in an irresponsible way and don't respect rules, etc. Poker face- Someone with a poker face doesn't show any emotion or reaction so that people don't know what they are feeling Q idioms Quarrel with bread and butter- Bread and butter, here, indicate the means of one's living. If a sub-ordinate in an organization is quarrelsome or if he is not patient enough to bear the reprimand he deserves, gets angry and retorts or provokes the higher-up, the top man dismisses him from the job. So, he loses the job that gave him bread and butter. Hence we say, he quarreled with bread and butter (manager or the top man) and lost his job Quiet as a cat- If somebody is as quiet as a cat they make as little noise as possible and try to be unnoticeable Quiet as a mouse- If someone's as quiet as a mouse, they make absolutely no noise Queer fish- A strange person is a queer fish R idioms Round the twist- go crazy Read between the lines- read hidden meanings Rack and ruin- If something or someone goes to rack and ruin, they are utterly destroyed or wrecked Rain on your parade- If someone rains on your parade, they ruin your pleasure or your plans Rake someone over the coals- If you rake someone over the coals, you criticize or scold them severely Recipe for disaster- A recipe for disaster is a mixture of people and events that could only possibly result in trouble Red carpet- If you give someone the red-carpet treatment, you give them a special welcome to show that you think they are important Red herring- If something is a distraction from the real issues, it is a red herring Red letter day- A red letter day is a one of good luck, when something special happens to you Reduce to ashes- If something is reduced to ashes, it is destroyed or made useless. His infidelities reduced their relationship to ashes Round the houses- If you go round the houses, you do something in an inefficient way when there is a quicker, more convenient way Rub shoulders- If you rub shoulders with people, you meet and spend time with them, especially when they are powerful or famous Run into the sand- If something runs into the sand, it fails to achieve a result S idioms Salt on the earth- fundamental good people Sands of time- tiny amounts of time Shake a leg- to go fast, hurry Spill the beans- to expose a secret Snake in the grass- a hidden army Salt on the earth- fundamental good people Sands of time- tiny amounts of time Shake a leg- to go fast, hurry Spill the beans- to expose a secret Snake in the grass- a hidden army Snake in the shoes- to be in a state of fear Stood to his guns- maintained to his opinion showing the door- asking someone to leave Song and a dance- an excuse Salad days- Your salad days are an especially happy period of your life Sail under false colors- Someone who sails under false colors is hypocritical or pretends to be something they aren't in order to deceive people T idioms Threaded his way out- walked carefully through. Take the cloth- to become a priest. Talk turkey- to discuss a problem with a real intension to solve it. Tit for tat- an action done to revenge against a person who has done some wrong to you To crow over- to triumph over someone to blow a fuse- to turn someone angry though thick and thin- under all conditions to bell the cat- to take great risks To look through colored glasses- to look the things not as they are Taking to a brick wall- taking with a no response Turned a deaf ear- disregarded Take a back seat- choose to decrease involvement Tables are turned- When the tables are turned, the situation has changed giving the advantage to the party who had previously been at a disadvantage Take someone under your wing- If you take someone under your wing, you look after them while they are learning something Take your medicine- If you take your medicine, you accept the consequences of something you have done wrong Talking to a brick wall- If you talk to someone and they do not listen to you, it is like talking to a brick wall Taste of your own medicine- If you give someone a taste of their own medicine, you do something bad to someone that they have done to you to teach them a lesson The apple does not fall far from the tree- Offspring grow up to be like their parents Through thick and thin- If someone supports you through thick and thin, they support you during good times and bad U idioms Upset the apple cart- to create difficulty Under a cloud- If someone is suspected of having done something wrong, they are under a cloud Under fire- If someone is being attacked and criticized heavily, they are under fire Under your nose- If something happens right in front of you, especially if it is surprising or audacious, it happens under your nose Up for grabs- If something is up for grabs, it is available and whoever is first or is successful will get it Up to the neck- If someone's in something up to the neck, they are very involved in it, especially when it's something wrong Up a river without a paddle- If you up a river without a paddle, you are in an unfortunate situation, unprepared and with none of the resources to remedy the matter Uncharted waters- If you're in uncharted waters, you are in a situation that is unfamiliar to you, that you have no experience of and don't know what might happen Under lock and key- If something is under lock and key, it is stored very securely V idioms Vale of tears- This vale of tears is the world and the suffering that life brings. Velvet glove - This idiom is used to describe a person who appears gentle, but is determined and inflexible underneath. ('Iron fist in a velvet glove' is the full form.) Vent your spleen - If someone vents their spleen, they release all their anger about something. Vicar of Bray - A person who changes their beliefs and principles to stay popular with people above them is a Vicar of Bray Vicious circle - A vicious circle is a sequence of events that make each other worse- someone drinks because they are unhappy at work, then loses their job... 'Vicious cycle' is also used. Vinegar tits - A mean spirited women lacking in love or compassion. Virgin territory - If something is virgin territory, it hasn't been explored before. Voice in the wilderness - Someone who expresses an opinion that no one believes or listens to is a voice in the wilderness,especially if proved right later. Volte-face - If you do a volte-face on something, you make a sudden and complete change in your stance or position over an issue. Vultures are circling - If the vultures are circling, then something is in danger and its enemies are getting ready for the kill. W idioms Weight one's word- be careful to what one says Wait for a raindrop in the drought- When someone is waiting for a raindrop in the drought, they are waiting or hoping for something that is extremely unlikely to happen Walking on broken glass- When a person is punished for something Wet behind the ears- Someone who is wet behind the ears is either very young or inexperienced Whale of a time- If you have a whale of a time, you really enjoy yourself Work your fingers to the bone- If you work your fingers to the bone, you work extremely hard on something Wrench in the works- If someone puts or throws a wrench, or monkey wrench, in the works, they ruin a plan X idioms X factor - The dangers for people in the military that civilians do not face, for which they receive payment, are known as the X factor. X marks the spot - This is used to say where something is located or hidden. X-rated - If something is x-rated, it is not suitable for children. Y idioms Yah boo sucks- Yah boo & yah boo sucks can be used to show that you have no sympathy with someone. Yank my chain - If some one says this to another person (i.e. stop yanking my chain) it means for the other person to leave the person who said it alone and to stop bothering them. Yell bloody murder - If someone yells bloody murder, they protest angrily and loudly, or scream in fear. Yellow press - The yellow press is a term for the popular and sensationalist newspapers. Yellow streak- If someone has a yellow streak, they are cowardly about something. Yellow-bellied - A yellow-bellied person is a coward. Yen - If you have a yen to do something, you have a desire to do it. Yeoman's service - To do yeoman's service is to serve in an exemplary manner. Yes-man - Someone who always agrees with people in authority is a yes-man. Yesterday's man or Yesterday's woman - Someone, especially a politician or celebrity, whose career is over or on the decline is yesterday's man or woman. You are what you eat - This is used to emphasise the importance of a good diet as a key to good health. You can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar - This means that it is easier to persuade people if you use polite arguments and flattery than if you are confrontational. You can choose your friends, but you can't choose your family - Some things you can choose, but others you cannot, so you have to try to make the best of what you have where you have no choice. You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make it drink - This idiom means you can offer something to someone, like good advice, but you cannot make them take it. You can say that again - If you want to agree strongly with what someone has said, you can say 'You can say that again' as a way of doing so. You can't fight City Hall - This phrase is used when one is so cynical that one doesn't think one can change their Representatives. The phrase must have started with frustration towards a local body of government. You can't have cake and the topping, too - This idiom means that you can't have everything the way you want it, especially if your desires are contradictory. You can't have your cake and eat it - This idiom means that you can't have things both ways. For example, you can't have very low taxes and a high standard of state care. You can't hide elephants in mouse holes - means that some issues/problems/challenges cannot be hidden/concealed but have to be faced and dealt with. You can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear - If something isn't very good to start with, you can't do much to improve it. You can't make an omelette without breaking eggs - This idiom means that in order to achieve something or make progress, there are often losers in the process. You can't take it with you - Enjoy life, enjoy what you have and don't worry about not having a lot, especially money...because once you're dead, 'you can't take it with you.' For some, it means to use up all you have before you die because it's no use to you afterwards. You can't teach an old dog new tricks - It is difficult to make someone change the way they do something when they have been doing it the same way for a long time You can't un-ring a bell - This means that once something has been done, you have to live with the consequences as it can't be undone. You could have knocked me down with a feather - This idiom is used to mean that the person was very shocked or surprised. You do not get a dog and bark yourself - If there is someone in a lower position who can or should do a task, then you shouldn't do it. You get what you pay for - Something that is very low in price is not usually of very good quality. You reap what you sow - This means that if you do bad things to people, bad things will happen to you, or good things if you do good things. It is normally used when someone has done something bad. You said it!- Used to say you agree completely with something just said. You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours - This idiom means that if you do something for me, I'll return the favour. You what? - This is a very colloquial way of expressing surprise or disbelief at something you have heard. It can also be used to ask someone to say something again. You're toast - If someone tells you that you are toast, you are in a lot of trouble. You've got rocks in your head - Someone who has acted with a lack of intelligence has rocks in their head. You've made your bed- you'll have to lie in it - This means that someone will have to live with the consequences of their own actions. Young blood - Young people with new ideas and fresh approaches are young blood. Young Turk - A Young Turk is a young person who is rebellious and difficult to control in a company, team or organisation. Your belly button is bigger than your stomach - If your belly button is bigger than your stomach, you take on more responsibilities than you can handle. Your call - If something is your call, it is up to you to make a decision on the matter. Your name is mud - If someone's name is mud, then they have a bad reputation. Your sins will find you out - This idiom means that things you do wrong will become known. Z idioms Zero hour- The time when something important is to begin is zero hour. Zero tolerance - If the police have a zero tolerance policy, they will not overlook any crime, no matter how small or trivial. Zigged before you zagged - If you did things in the wrong order, you zigged before you zagged. Zip it - This is used to tell someone to be quiet. Zip your lip - If someone tells you to zip your lip, they want to to shut up or keep quiet about something. ('Zip it' is also used.)

Core Differences between Formal and Informal Writing Informal writing is quite common in speaking whereas formal writing is common in writing. Formal writing is objective whereas informal writing is subjective Formal writing is for impersonal use whereas informal writing is personal use. Informal writing encourages the use of slangs while formal writing does not encourage at all. The voice of formal writing is passive while that of informal writing is active The personal pronoun of formal writing is the third person whereas informal writing is the first and second person. The language used in formal writing is formulaic whereas in informal writing is direct. The tone used in formal writing is official and professional whereas in informal writing is personal and friendly. Informal writing encourages used of interjections while formal writing does not encourage interjections. The sentences used in formal writing are long and complex whereas in informal writing are short and simple. Formal writing is often more common in writing whereas; informal writing is more common in speaking than the writing. Formal writing is objective on the other hand; informal writing is subjective. Formal writing is for impersonal use. Conversely, informal writing is for personal use only. Formal writing uses vocabulary which is specific to the discipline, on the flip side, informal writing uses unspecific vocabulary about the subject. Formal writing avoids slang language, colloquialisms (common language in spoken English), but the informal writing is full of these two characteristics. Informal: May use colloquial words/expressions (kids, guy, awesome, a lot, etc.). Formal vs. Informal Words/Phrases Informal -----------------------Formal A bit ----------------A little A lot of ----------------Numerous Afraid ----------------Fearful Again & again ----------------Repeatedly Also ----------------In addition, additionally Anyway ----------------Nevertheless Ask ----------------Enquire Ask for ----------------Request Ask out ----------------Invite At first ----------------Initially At once ----------------Immediately Avoid ----------------Evade Away ----------------Absent Bad ----------------Negative Beat up ----------------Assault Better ----------------Improved Big/Large ----------------Enormous Block ----------------Undermine Blow up ----------------Explode Book ----------------Reserve Boss ----------------Employer Brave ----------------Courageous Break down ----------------Fail/Collapse Break off ----------------Suspend/adjourn Break out ----------------Erupt Bright/smart ----------------Intelligent Bring in ----------------Introduce Build ----------------Construct But ----------------However Buy ----------------Purchase By ----------------By means of Call off ----------------Cancel Call on ----------------Visit Can ----------------Is capable of Catch up ----------------Understand Chance ----------------Opportunity Cheap ----------------Inexpensive Check ----------------Verify Childish ----------------Immature Childish ----------------Infantile Choose ----------------Select Clear ----------------Transparent Climb ----------------Ascend Clothes ----------------Garment Come after ----------------Follow Come in ----------------Enter Come up to ----------------Reach/attain Complex ----------------Convoluted Dad ----------------Father Danger ----------------Peril Dare ----------------Challenge Deal with ----------------Handle Deal with ----------------Manage Death ----------------Demise Describe ----------------Depict Dim ----------------Indistinct Dirty/ polluted ----------------Contaminated Drop out of ----------------Withdraw (from) Eager ----------------Avid Ease ----------------Facilitate Empty ----------------Vacant End ----------------Terminate End ----------------Terminate/ Finish Enjoyment ----------------Gratification Enough ----------------Sufficient Expect ----------------Anticipate Explain ----------------Disclose Fall out ----------------Quarrel Fight ----------------Combat Find out ----------------Learn/Discover Fork out ----------------Pay (money) Free ----------------Liberate Free ----------------Release Friendly ----------------Amiable Funny ----------------Humorous, amusing Get ----------------Obtain Get ----------------Receive Get away ----------------Elude Get by ----------------Survive Get out ----------------Escape Give ----------------Donate Give ----------------Provide Give out ----------------Distribute Give up ----------------Quit Go ----------------Depart Go after ----------------Pursue Go against ----------------Oppose Go ahead ----------------Proceed Go away ----------------Leave/ depart Go before ----------------Precede Go down ----------------Decrease Go on ----------------Continue Go out of ----------------Exit Go through ----------------Examine Go up ----------------Increase Good ----------------Positive Good for ----------------Beneficial Good looking ----------------Attractive Happy ----------------Pleased Help ----------------Aid/ Assist Help ----------------Assist Informal -----------------------Formal Informal -----------------------Formal Here ----------------Present Hit out at ----------------Criticise Hopeless ----------------Futile Hungry ----------------Famished Hurry ----------------Haste, hasten Hurt ----------------Damage, harm Idea ----------------Notion Imagine ----------------Envisage In charge of ----------------Responsible In the end ----------------Finally Iron out ----------------Solve/overcome (a problem/difficulty) Job ----------------Occupation Keep ----------------Preserve Kidding ----------------Jesting Kids ----------------Children Lack ----------------Deficiency Laid back ----------------Relaxed Lead to ----------------Cause Leave out ----------------Omit Let ----------------Allow Let ----------------Permit Link up ----------------Connect Live ----------------Reside Lively ----------------Energetic Look at ----------------Regard Look for ----------------Seek Look into ----------------Investigate Look like ----------------Resemble Look up to ----------------Respect Lucky ----------------Fortunate Mad ----------------Insane Mainly ----------------Principally Make out ----------------Discern Make up ----------------Fabricate Make up ----------------Invent Marvelous ----------------Exceptional Maybe ----------------Perhaps Mend ----------------Repair Naked ----------------Nude Need ----------------Request Need ----------------Require Next/later ----------------Subsequently Okay, ok ----------------Acceptable Old ----------------Elderly Older ----------------Senior Over ----------------At an end Pay back ----------------Repay Pick up ----------------Collect Pin down ----------------Determine Point out ----------------Indicate Put in ----------------Insert Put off ----------------Postpone Put up with ----------------Tolerate Put/ set down ----------------Deposit Rack up ----------------Accumulate Really big ----------------Considerable Refer to ----------------Consult Remove ----------------Eliminate Rich ----------------Wealthy Right ----------------Correct Round ----------------Circular Say ----------------Express Say no ----------------Reject Say sorry ----------------Apologise See ----------------Observe See ----------------Perceive Seem ----------------Appear Set out ----------------Display Settle for ----------------Choose Show ----------------Demonstrate Sick ----------------Ill Sight ----------------Vision Small ----------------Diminutive So ----------------Therefore Speed up ----------------Accelerate Start/ Begin ----------------Commence Stop ----------------Cease Stubborn ----------------Obstinate Sweat ----------------Perspiration Take out ----------------Remove Talk about ----------------Discuss/consider Talk into ----------------Persuade Tell ----------------Inform Test ----------------Experiment Thanks ----------------Gratitude Think about ----------------Consider Think of ----------------Conceive Throw away ----------------Discard Throw out ----------------Eject Tired ----------------Exhausted/ Fatigued Tough ----------------Difficult Try ----------------Endeavour Try out ----------------Test Use ----------------Utilize Use/Eat ----------------Consume Wait for ----------------Await Want/ hope ----------------Desire Whole ----------------Entire/Complete Wood ----------------Timber Worse ----------------Inferior Wrong ----------------Incorrect Young ----------------Youthful