Voice
Voice in grammar shows whether the subject of a sentence is doing the action or receiving the action.
Active Voice: The subject performs the action.
Passive Voice: The subject receives the action.
Understanding Active and Passive Voice
Active Voice: The subject does the action.
Example: She (subject) reads (verb) a book (object).
Here, "she" is doing the action of reading.
Passive Voice: The action is done to the subject.
Example: A book (subject) is read (verb) by her (agent).
In this case, the book is receiving the action of being read.
Identifying Objects
In active voice sentences, objects usually follow the verb:
Example: He (subject) eats (verb) an apple (object).
Sometimes, there are two objects:
Example: She (subject) gives (verb) me (indirect object) a gift (direct object).
Here, "me" is the indirect object because it tells who is receiving the gift, while "a gift" is the direct object because it is what is being given.
Note: If there’s a preposition before one of the objects, that object cannot be the subject in the passive voice.
Example: The teacher (subject) explains (verb) the lesson (direct object) to us (prepositional object).
Passive: The lesson (subject) is explained (verb) to us (prepositional object) by the teacher (agent).
Rules for Changing Active Voice to Passive Voice
To change a sentence from active voice to passive voice, follow these steps:
The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
Active: The dog (object) chased (verb) the cat (subject).
Passive: The cat (new subject) was chased (verb) by the dog (agent).
The subject of the active sentence becomes the object in the passive sentence.
Use an auxiliary (helping) verb that matches the tense (past, present, etc.) and the subject’s number (singular or plural).
Example:
Active: They (subject) play (verb) the game (object).
Passive: The game (subject) is played (auxiliary verb + past participle) by them (object).
Use the past participle form of the main verb.
Add "by" before the original subject in the passive voice.
Subject and Object Pronouns
When changing from active to passive, remember these pronouns:
Subject | Object |
I | me |
We | us |
You | you |
They | them |
He | him |
She | her |
Rahim, Karim | Rahim, Karim |
Forming the Passive Voice
In passive voice, we focus on the action being done to the subject rather than who is doing it. The structure is formed using an auxiliary (helping) verb + the past participle of the main verb.
Examples of Active and Passive Voice
Active Voice | Passive Voice |
Simple Present: He eats rice. | Rice is eaten by him. |
Present Continuous: He is eating rice. | Rice is being eaten by him. |
Present Perfect: He has eaten rice. | Rice has been eaten by him. |
Simple Past: He ate rice. | Rice was eaten by him. |
Past Continuous: He was eating rice. | Rice was being eaten by him. |
Past Perfect: He had eaten rice. | Rice had been eaten by him. |
Simple Future: He will eat rice. | Rice will be eaten by him. |
Future Continuous: He will be eating rice. | Rice will be being eaten by him. |
Future Perfect: He will have eaten rice. | Rice will have been eaten by him. |
1.Rules for Using Auxiliary Verbs in Passive Voice
Present Indefinite:
Active: I eat. → Passive: I am eaten.
Auxiliary Verbs: am, is, are.
Past Indefinite:
Active: I ate. → Passive: I was eaten.
Auxiliary Verbs: was, were.
Future Indefinite:
Active: I will eat. → Passive: I will be eaten.
Auxiliary Verbs: shall be, will be.
Specific Forms for Different Tenses
(A) Present Continuous
Active: I am eating. → Passive: I am being eaten.
Auxiliary Verbs: am being, is being, are being.
(B) Past Continuous
Active: I was eating. → Passive: I was being eaten.
Auxiliary Verbs: was being, were being.
(C) Future Continuous
Active: I will be eating. → Passive: I will be being eaten.
Auxiliary Verbs: shall be being, will be being.
(D) Present Perfect
Active: I have eaten. → Passive: I have been eaten.
Auxiliary Verbs: has been, have been.
(E) Past Perfect
Active: I had eaten. → Passive: I had been eaten.
Auxiliary Verb: had been.
(F) Future Perfect
Active: I will have eaten. → Passive: I will have been eaten.
Auxiliary Verbs: shall have been, will have been.
Steps to Change from Active to Passive Voice
The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
Use the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb.
Add the past participle form of the main verb.
Include "by" before the original subject (now the agent).
Examples of Transforming Active to Passive Voice
Active: He eats rice.Passive: Rice is eaten by him.
Active: He is eating rice.Passive: Rice is being eaten by him.
Active: He has eaten rice.Passive: Rice has been eaten by him.
Notes on Using Auxiliary Verbs
Use "am" with I.
Use "is" with he, she, it, and singular subjects.
Use "are" with we, you, they, and plural subjects.
For past tense, use "was" with singular subjects and "were" with plural subjects.
2.Forming the Passive Voice
In passive voice, we emphasize the action being done to the subject rather than who is doing it. The structure consists of an auxiliary (helping) verb + the past participle of the main verb.
Examples of Active and Passive Voice
Active Voice | Passive Voice |
Simple Present: She writes a letter. | A letter is written by her. |
Present Continuous: They are playing soccer. | Soccer is being played by them. |
Present Perfect: He has completed the project. | The project has been completed by him. |
Simple Past: The chef prepared a meal. | A meal was prepared by the chef. |
Past Continuous: The kids were watching a movie. | A movie was being watched by the kids. |
Past Perfect: She had finished her homework. | Her homework had been finished by her. |
Simple Future: We will visit the museum. | The museum will be visited by us. |
Future Continuous: I will be studying tonight. | Tonight, studying will be happening by me. |
Future Perfect: They will have solved the problem. | The problem will have been solved by them. |
Rules for Using Auxiliary Verbs in Passive Voice
Present Indefinite:
Active: They help others. → Passive: Others are helped by them.
Auxiliary Verbs: am, is, are.
Past Indefinite:
Active: She painted the fence. → Passive: The fence was painted by her.
Auxiliary Verbs: was, were.
Future Indefinite:
Active: He will write a report. → Passive: A report will be written by him.
Auxiliary Verbs: shall be, will be.
4.Present Continuous
Active: They are cleaning the house. → Passive: The house is being cleaned by them.
Auxiliary Verbs: am being, is being, are being.
5 Past Continuous
Active: I was reading a book. → Passive: A book was being read by me.
Auxiliary Verbs: was being, were being.
6.Future Continuous
Active: We will be traveling next week. → Passive: Traveling will be happening by us next week.
Auxiliary Verbs: shall be being, will be being.
7. Present Perfect
Active: He has repaired the car. → Passive: The car has been repaired by him.
Auxiliary Verbs: has been, have been.
8.Past Perfect
Active: They had delivered the package. → Passive: The package had been delivered by them.
Auxiliary Verb: had been.
9. Future Perfect
Active: She will have finished her essay. → Passive: Her essay will have been finished by her.
Auxiliary Verbs: shall have been, will have been.
Steps to Change from Active to Passive Voice
The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
Use the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb.
Add the past participle form of the main verb.
Include "by" before the original subject (now the agent).
Examples of Transforming Active to Passive Voice
Active: They clean the room.Passive: The room is cleaned by them.
Active: She is baking a cake.Passive: A cake is being baked by her.
Active: He has written a story.Passive: A story has been written by him.
Notes on Using Auxiliary Verbs
Use "am" with I.
Use "is" with he, she, it, and singular subjects.
Use "are" with we, you, they, and plural subjects.
For past tense, use "was" with singular subjects and "were" with plural subjects.
4. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Simple Past Tense
Rules:
The object becomes the subject.
Use was or were (depending on the subject).
Use the past participle form of the verb.
Add by.
The original subject becomes the agent.
Note: Use were with plural subjects and was with singular subjects.
Active: She wrote a book.
Passive: A book was written by her.
5. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Past Continuous Tense
Rules:
The object becomes the subject.
Use was being or were being.
Use the past participle form of the verb.
Add the agent after by.
Note: Use was being for singular subjects and were being for plural subjects.
Active: They were making a cake.
Passive: A cake was being made by them.
6. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Past Perfect Tense
Rules:
The object becomes the subject.
Use had been.
Use the past participle form of the verb.
Add by.
Active: She had solved the puzzle.
Passive: The puzzle had been solved by her.
7. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Simple Future Tense
Rules:
The object becomes the subject.
Use will be or shall be.
Use the past participle form of the verb.
Add by.
Note: Use shall be with I and we; use will be with others.
Active: He will finish the report.
Passive: The report will be finished by him.
8. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Future Continuous Tense
Rules:
The object becomes the subject.
Use will be being or shall be being.
Use the past participle form of the verb.
Add by.
Active: She will be cleaning the room.
Passive: The room will be being cleaned by her.
9. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Future Perfect Tense
Rules:
The object becomes the subject.
Use will have been or shall have been.
Use the past participle form of the verb.
Add by.
Active: They will have completed the project.
Passive: The project will have been completed by them.
10. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Modal Verbs (can, could, may, might, must, ought to)
Rules:
The object becomes the subject.
Use the given modal verb.
Add be.
Use the past participle form of the verb.
Add by.
Active: She can paint the house.Passive: The house can be painted by her.
Active: He might help us.Passive: We might be helped by him.
11. Changing Active to Passive Voice: "Going to" Structure
Rules:
The object becomes the subject.
Use the appropriate auxiliary verb according to the tense and person.
Add going to.
Add be.
Use the past participle form of the verb.
Add by.
Active: They are going to open a restaurant.
Passive: A restaurant is going to be opened by them.
12 Changing Active to Passive Voice: Sentences with Double Objects
Rules:
One of the two objects becomes the subject.
Use the auxiliary verb according to the tense and person.
Use the past participle form of the verb.
The retained object remains as the object.
Add by.
The original subject becomes the agent.
Note: It is often better to make the indirect object the subject in passive voice.
Active: The teacher taught us a lesson.
Passive: We were taught a lesson by the teacher.
Or, A lesson was taught to us by the teacher.
13.Changing Active to Passive Voice: Sentences with Reflexive Pronouns
Rules:
The subject of the active voice remains the subject in the passive.
Use the auxiliary verb according to the tense and person.
Use the past participle form of the verb.
Add by.
Use the given reflexive pronoun.
Reflexive Pronouns: myself, ourselves, himself, herself, themselves, yourself, yourselves.
Active: She taught herself.
Passive: She was taught by herself.
14.Changing Active to Passive Voice: Sentences with Factitive Objects
Rules:
The first object becomes the subject.
Use the auxiliary verb according to the tense and person.
Use the past participle form of the main verb.
Add the factitive object.
Add by.
The original subject becomes the agent.
Note: Some verbs like make, elect, and name require a second object for complete meaning.
Active: They elected him president.
Passive: He was elected president by them.
15. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Sentences with Intransitive Verbs
Note: Intransitive verbs usually cannot be made passive. However, if they have a preposition that forms a transitive meaning, they can be changed.
Rules:
The first object becomes the subject.
Use the auxiliary verb according to the tense and person.
Use the past participle form of the verb with the preposition.
Add by.
The original subject becomes the agent.
Active: She looks after the pets.
Passive: The pets are looked after by her.
16. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Sentences with "People Say"
Rules: Use it is said instead of people say, while keeping the rest of the sentence the same.
Active: People say the earth revolves around the sun.
Passive: It is said that the earth revolves around the sun.
17. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Certain Verbs (need, bid, make, etc.)
Rules:
The first object becomes the subject.
Use the auxiliary verb according to the tense and person.
Use the past participle form of the first verb.
Add to.
Use the second verb.
Add by.
The original subject becomes the agent.
Note: Prepositions like at, on, or with can replace by.
Active: He let me leave early.
Passive: I was allowed to leave early by him.
Active: They considered her a genius.
Passive: She was considered a genius by them.
18. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Sentences Beginning with "One Should"
Rules:
The first object becomes the subject.
Use should be.
Use the past participle form of the given verb.
Active: One should respect others.
Passive: Others should be respected.
Converting Assertive Sentences from Passive to Active Voice
Rules:
The agent (the one performing the action) after by in the passive becomes the subject in the active.
Add the auxiliary verb if necessary.
Use the main verb according to the tense, number, and person.
The subject of the passive becomes the object in the active.
Examples:
Passive: The cake is baked by her.Active: She bakes the cake.
Passive: The homework was completed by the students.Active: The students completed the homework.
Passive: The song has been sung by the choir.Active: The choir has sung the song.
Passive: The documents were signed by the manager.Active: The manager signed the documents.
Passive: The book is being read by many people.Active: Many people are reading the book.
Notes:
If the object remains implied in the passive, you should introduce a subject in the active according to the context of the passive.
Passive: The car has been washed.Active: Someone has washed the car.
Passive: The treasure was found.Active: Explorers found the treasure.
Passive: The news was reported.Active: Journalists reported the news.
Passive: The project had been completed.Active: The team had completed the project.
Rules for Changing Interrogative Sentences from Active to Passive Voice
1. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with Auxiliary Verbs (am, is, are, was, were, has, have, had)
Steps:
The given auxiliary verb (according to person and number).
The object becomes the subject.
Use be, being, or been (according to tense).
The past participle form of the main verb.
by.
The agent (the subject becomes the object).
Question mark.
Examples:
Active: Is she reading a newspaper?Passive: Is a newspaper being read by her?
Active: Has he finished the report?Passive: Has the report been finished by him?
Active: Will they help us?Passive: Will we be helped by them?
2. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "Do/Does"
Steps:
am/is/are.
The object becomes the subject.
The past participle of the main verb.
by.
The agent (the subject becomes the object).
Question mark.
Examples:
Active: Does he play the guitar?Passive: Is the guitar played by him?
Active: Do they enjoy the movie?Passive: Is the movie enjoyed by them?
3. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "Did"
Steps:
was/were.
The object becomes the subject.
The past participle form of the main verb.
by.
The agent (the subject becomes the object).
Question mark.
Examples:
Active: Did they complete the task?Passive: Was the task completed by them?
Active: Did she win the game?Passive: Was the game won by her?
4. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "Who"
Steps:
by whom.
Auxiliary verb according to tense and person.
The object becomes the subject.
The past participle of the main verb.
Question mark.
Examples:
Active: Who wrote this book?Passive: By whom was this book written?
Active: Who is calling you?Passive: By whom are you being called?
5. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "Whom"
Steps:
who.
Auxiliary verb according to tense, person, and number.
be/being/been.
The past participle form of the main verb.
by.
The agent (the subject becomes the object).
Question mark.
Examples:
Active: Whom are you helping?Passive: Who is being helped by you?
Active: Whom did you invite to the party?Passive: Who was invited to the party by you?
6. Interrogative Sentences with Various Auxiliary Verbs (e.g., will, shall, etc.)
Steps:
Auxiliary verb according to number and person.
The agent becomes the subject.
Main verb according to tense.
The subject becomes the object.
Question mark.
Examples:
Passive: Has the project been completed by you?
Active: Have you completed the project?
Rules for Changing Interrogative Sentences from Active to Passive Voice
1. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "What"
Steps:
What.
Auxiliary verb according to tense, person, and number.
be / being / been (if necessary).
The past participle of the main verb.
by.
The agent (the subject becomes the object).
Question mark.
Examples:
Active: What is he eating?Passive: What is being eaten by him?
Active: What have you done?Passive: What has been done by you?
Active: What will you buy?Passive: What will be bought by you?
2. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "What + Noun"
Steps:
What + noun.
Auxiliary verb according to tense, person, and number.
be/being/been (if necessary).
The past participle form of the main verb.
by.
The agent (the subject becomes the object).
Question mark.
Examples:
Active: What things do you like?Passive: What things are liked by you?
Active: What book is he reading?Passive: What book is being read by him?
Active: What type of dress have you bought?Passive: What type of dress has been bought by you?
Active: What food will you take?Passive: What food will be taken by you?
3. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "Which + Noun"
Steps:
Which + noun.
Auxiliary verb according to tense and person.
be/being/been (if necessary).
The past participle form of the main verb.
by.
The agent (the subject becomes the object).
Question mark.
Examples:
Active: Which book do you like?Passive: Which book is liked by you?
Active: Which movie are they watching?Passive: Which movie is being watched by them?
4. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "Whose + Noun"
Steps:
Whose + noun.
Auxiliary verb according to tense and person.
be/being/been (if necessary).
The past participle form of the main verb.
by.
The agent (the subject becomes the object).
Question mark.
Examples:
Active: Whose car did you hire?Passive: Whose car was hired by you?
Active: Whose book are you reading?Passive: Whose book is being read by you?
5. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "When/Where/How/Why"
Steps:
When/where/how/why.
Auxiliary verb according to tense and person.
The object becomes the subject.
be/being/been (if necessary).
The past participle form of the main verb.
by.
The agent (the subject becomes the object).
Question mark.
Examples:
Active: Why do you disturb me?Passive: Why am I disturbed by you?
Active: When will you return my book?Passive: When will my book be returned by you?
Active: Where did they place the keys?Passive: Where were the keys placed by them?
Rules for Changing Imperative Sentences from Active to Passive Voice
1. Imperative Sentences Beginning with the Main Verb
Steps:
Let.
The object becomes the subject.
be.
The past participle form of the main verb.
Examples:
Active: Do the work.
Passive: Let the work be done.
2. Imperative Sentences Beginning with "Do Not"
Steps:
Let not.
The object becomes the subject.
be.
The past participle form of the main verb.
Examples:
Active: Don't tell a lie.
Passive: Let not a lie be told.
3. Imperative Sentences Beginning with "Let + Personal Object" (me, us, you, him, her, them)
Steps:
Let.
The last object becomes the subject.
be.
The past participle form of the main verb.
by.
The given personal object.
Examples:
Active: Let him do the work.
Passive: Let the work be done by him.
4. Imperative Sentences Beginning with "Never"
Steps:
Let.
The object becomes the subject.
never.
be.
The past participle form of the main verb.
Or alternatively:
Let.
not.
The object becomes the subject.
ever.
be.
The past participle form of the main verb.
Examples:
Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let a lie never be told.
5. Imperative Sentences with Main Verb + Indirect Object (me, us, you, them, him, her)
Steps:
Let.
The direct object (second object).
be.
The past participle form of the main verb.
for.
The indirect object (object after the verb).
Examples:
Active: Buy me a shirt.
Passive: Let a shirt be bought for me.
Rules for Changing Imperative Sentences from Active to Passive Voice with "Let"
1. Passive Beginning with "Let"
Steps:
Present form of the main verb.
The subject becomes the object.
Examples:
Passive: Let the work be done.
Active: Do the work.
Passive: Let the letter be posted.
Active: Post the letter.
2. Passive Beginning with "Let Not"
Steps:
Don't.
Main verb.
The subject becomes the object.
Examples:
Passive: Let not the letter be posted.
Active: Don't post the letter.
3. Passive Beginning with "Let + by + Personal Object" as Agent (me, us, you, them, him, her)
Steps:
Let.
The agent (the personal object).
Present form of the main verb.
The subject becomes the object.
Examples:
Passive: Let the work be done by me.
Active: Let me do the work.
4. Passive Beginning with "Let + Never"
Steps:
Never.
Present form of the main verb.
The subject becomes the object.
Examples:
Passive: Let never a lie be told.
Active: Never tell a lie.
When to Use the Passive Voice
If the Subject is Indefinite, Implied, or Unknown
Explanation: Use the passive voice when the doer of the action is not specified.
Example: He was elected chairman.
If the Doer of the Action is Not Necessary
Explanation: The focus is on the action or the recipient rather than who performed it.
Example: Jute is grown in Bangladesh.
If Emphasis is Put on the Receiver
Explanation: The passive voice highlights the person or thing affected by the action.
Example: A boy was knocked down by a car.
If the Doer of the Action is Unknown or Unimportant
Explanation: Use passive voice when the identity of the doer is not crucial to the context.
Examples:
They were attacked on the way.
Everything was ruined.
To Indicate Social or Historical Importance
Explanation: When discussing significant events or inventions, the passive voice emphasizes the event itself.
Example: Radio was invented by Marconi.
To Indicate Invitation, Request, Announcement, etc.
Explanation: The passive voice is often used in formal requests or announcements.
Example: Students are requested not to make a noise.
To Refer to Newspaper Reports
Explanation: The passive voice is common in journalistic writing to report events without focusing on the subject.
Example: Cox's Bazar was flooded by a tidal surge.
To Indicate the Last Result of an Action
Explanation: When discussing the outcome of an action, the passive voice shifts focus to the result rather than the action itself.
Example: The meeting was postponed.
EPS Machine EPS Cutting…
EPS Machine Eps Raw…
EPS Machine EPS Recycling…
EPS Machine EPS Mould;
EPS Machine EPS Block…
EPP Machine EPP Shape…
EPTU Machine ETPU Moulding…
EPS Machine Aging Silo…
EPTU Machine ETPU Moulding…
EPS Machine EPS and…
EPS Machine EPS and…
AEON MINING AEON MINING
AEON MINING AEON MINING
KSD Miner KSD Miner
KSD Miner KSD Miner
BCH Miner BCH Miner
BCH Miner BCH Miner
EPTU Machine ETPU Moulding…
EPTU Machine ETPU Moulding…
EPTU Machine ETPU Moulding…
EPTU Machine ETPU Moulding…
EPTU Machine ETPU Moulding…
EPS Machine EPS Block…
EPS Machine EPS Block…
EPS Machine EPS Block…
AEON MINING AEON MINING
AEON MINING AEON MINING
KSD Miner KSD Miner
KSD Miner KSD Miner
BCH Miner BCH Miner
BCH Miner BCH Miner