Transformation Practice - Simple to Complex / Transforming Simple to Complex Rules with Exercises

Simple to Complex

Rules for Changing Simple Sentences to Complex Sentences

TRANSFORMATION OF SIMPLE TO COMPLEX SENTENCES

Rule 1: Present Participle at the Beginning → Complex Sentence

Rule:To convert a simple sentence that starts with a present participle (verb+ing) into a complex sentence:

1. Use the same subject in both clauses.

2. Change the participle into a full verb form matching the tense.

3. Begin the first clause with since, as, or when, based on meaning.

4. Use a comma between the two clauses.

Examples:

• Simple: Reading more, the boy made a good result.

• Complex: Since the boy read more, he made a good result.

• Simple: Hearing the news, he went home.

• Complex: When he heard the news, he went home.

• Simple: Being ill, he could not attend the meeting.

• Complex: Since he was ill, he could not attend the meeting.

Additional Examples:

• Simple: Studying hard, she passed the exam.

• Complex: Since she studied hard, she passed the exam.

• Simple: Running fast, he caught the bus.

• Complex: As he ran fast, he caught the bus.

• Simple: Walking alone, I felt scared.

• Complex: When I was walking alone, I felt scared.

Exception (different subjects):

• Simple: The water being very hot, I cannot touch it.

• Complex: Since the water is very hot, I cannot touch it.

• Simple: The class being over, the students left the school.

• Complex: When the class was over, the students left the school.

Rule 2: Subject + Present Participle → Complex with Relative Pronoun

Rule:Use:Subject + who/that/which + auxiliary verb (is/was/are/were) + present participle + rest of sentence

• Use who/that for persons, which/that for objects.

Examples:

• Simple: The man walking in the street is very old.

• Complex: The man who is walking in the street is very old.

• Simple: The picture hanging on the wall tells about our liberation war.

• Complex: The picture that is hanging on the wall tells about our liberation war.

Additional Examples:

• Simple: The boy playing football is my cousin.

• Complex: The boy who is playing football is my cousin.

• Simple: The car running on the road is expensive.

• Complex: The car which is running on the road is expensive.

• Simple: The children shouting in the class are disturbing others.

• Complex: The children who are shouting in the class are disturbing others.

Rule 3: Present Participle After Object → Complex Sentence with Relative Clause

Rule:Use relative pronoun (who/which/that) + auxiliary verb between the object and present participle.

Examples:

• Simple: I saw a boy sleeping on the floor.

• Complex: I saw a boy who was sleeping on the floor.

• Simple: He has bought a book dealing with stories of our liberation war.

• Complex: He has bought a book which deals with stories of our liberation war.

Additional Examples:

• Simple: They met a man walking in the rain.

• Complex: They met a man who was walking in the rain.

• Simple: She gave me a gift shining brightly.

• Complex: She gave me a gift which was shining brightly.

• Simple: We visited a garden blooming with flowers.

• Complex: We visited a garden which was blooming with flowers.

Rule 4: Subject + Past Participle → Complex Sentence

Rule:Use:Subject + which/that + auxiliary verb (was/were) + past participle + rest of the sentence

Examples:

• Simple: The shirts bought from the super market are very costly.

• Complex: The shirts which were bought from the super market are very costly.

• Simple: The hospital built last year broke down suddenly.

• Complex: The hospital which was built last year broke down suddenly.

Additional Examples:

• Simple: The books written by him are famous.

• Complex: The books which were written by him are famous.

• Simple: The bridge destroyed in the war was rebuilt.

• Complex: The bridge which was destroyed in the war was rebuilt.

• Simple: The house painted recently looks new.

• Complex: The house which was painted recently looks new.

Rule 5: Past Participle After Object → Complex with Relative Clause

Rule:Use relative pronoun + auxiliary verb after the object before past participle.

Examples:

• Simple: He sells cars made in Japan.

• Complex: He sells cars which are made in Japan.

Additional Examples:

• Simple: They read stories written by Tagore.

• Complex: They read stories which were written by Tagore.

• Simple: He ate food prepared by his mother.

• Complex: He ate food which was prepared by his mother.

• Simple: We bought fruits imported from abroad.

• Complex: We bought fruits which were imported from abroad.

Rule 6: Adjective Qualifying Subject → Complex with Relative Clause

Rule:Subject + who + auxiliary verb + adjective + rest of sentence

Examples:

• Simple: A lazy man suffers in life.

• Complex: A man who is lazy suffers in life.

Additional Examples:

• Simple: A brave soldier wins the war.

• Complex: A soldier who is brave wins the war.

• Simple: A kind person helps others.

• Complex: A person who is kind helps others.

• Simple: A tall boy plays basketball.

• Complex: A boy who is tall plays basketball.

Rule 7: Adjective Qualifying Object → Complex with Relative Clause

Rule:Subject + verb + object + relative pronoun + auxiliary verb + adjective

Examples:

• Simple: He bought a big fish.

• Complex: He bought a fish which was big.

• Simple: I help a poor boy.

• Complex: I help a boy who is poor.

Additional Examples:

• Simple: She met an honest man.

• Complex: She met a man who is honest.

• Simple: We adopted a small cat.

• Complex: We adopted a cat which was small.

• Simple: They found a hungry dog.

• Complex: They found a dog that was hungry.

Rule 8: "Too…to" → "So…that"

Examples:

• Simple: He is too weak to move.

• Complex: He is so weak that he cannot move.

• Simple: The load was too heavy for me to carry.

• Complex: The load was so heavy that I could not carry it.

• Simple: The tea is too hot for him to drink.

• Complex: The tea is so hot that he cannot drink it.

Additional Examples:

• Simple: The child is too small to walk.

• Complex: The child is so small that he cannot walk.

• Simple: The question was too difficult to solve.

• Complex: The question was so difficult that I could not solve it.

• Simple: It was too late to catch the train.

• Complex: It was so late that we could not catch the train.

Rule 9: Infinitive Indicating Purpose → "So that" Clause

Examples:

• Simple: He goes to the library to read.

• Complex: He goes to the library so that he can read.

• Simple: I went to the market to buy a shirt.

• Complex: I went to the market so that I could buy a shirt.

Additional Examples:

• Simple: She studies hard to pass.

• Complex: She studies hard so that she can pass.

• Simple: We exercise to stay fit.

• Complex: We exercise so that we can stay fit.

• Simple: He saved money to buy a car.

• Complex: He saved money so that he could buy a car.

Rule 10: "Without + ing" → "If you do not + base verb"

Examples:

• Simple: Without eating a balanced diet, you cannot be healthy.

• Complex: If you do not eat a balanced diet, you cannot be healthy.

Additional Examples:

• Simple: Without studying, you will fail.

• Complex: If you do not study, you will fail.

• Simple: Without working hard, he cannot succeed.

• Complex: If he does not work hard, he cannot succeed.

• Simple: Without taking rest, you will feel tired.

• Complex: If you do not take rest, you will feel tired.

Rule 11: "By + ing" → "If you + base verb"

Examples:

• Simple: By taking exercise regularly, you can enjoy good health.

• Complex: If you take exercise regularly, you can enjoy good health.

Additional Examples:

• Simple: By reading more, you can improve English.

• Complex: If you read more, you can improve English.

• Simple: By helping others, we can build a better society.

• Complex: If we help others, we can build a better society.

• Simple: By following the rules, you can stay safe.

• Complex: If you follow the rules, you can stay safe.

Rule 12: "Because of" → "Since/As"

Examples:

• Simple: Because of my illness, I could not go to school.

• Complex: Since I was ill, I could not go to school.

• Simple: I like him because of his honesty.

• Complex: I like him because he is honest.

Additional Examples:

• Simple: He failed because of his laziness.

• Complex: He failed because he was lazy.

• Simple: They are sad because of the loss.

• Complex: They are sad because they lost something.

• Simple: Because of the rain, we stayed inside.

• Complex: Since it rained, we stayed inside.

Rule 13: "In spite of / Despite" → "Though / Although"

Examples:

• Simple: In spite of reading well, he failed in the exam.

• Complex: Though he read well, he failed in the exam.

• Simple: Despite his poverty, he is honest.

• Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.

Additional Examples:

• Simple: In spite of being tired, she continued working.

• Complex: Though she was tired, she continued working.

• Simple: Despite the rain, we played cricket.

• Complex: Although it was raining, we played cricket.

• Simple: In spite of his wealth, he is humble.

• Complex: Although he is rich, he is humble.

Exercise:

Transform the following sentences from simple to complex.

1.      Arif went to Dhaka to find a job.

2.      A farmer had a wonderful goose.

3.      They come here to enjoy themselves.

4.       Once upon a time there was a girl named Jesmine.

5.      He has some friends like him.

6.      Tigers are known as ferocious animals.

7.       Virtue makes a man really great.

8.       We work hard to attain success in our life.

9.      This will make your mind fresh.

10.  It presents a beautiful sight.

11.   Computer has pushed the modern age a step ahead.

12.  Standing in front of the graves, we bow down our heads.

13.   He wants to be a doctor to serve people.

14.   A man without health cannot be happy in life.

15.   The Cuckoo is a bird of very shy nature.

16.   They lay their eggs in the nests of crows.

17.   She reads attentively to do well in the examination.

18.   We have to work hard to earn money or to acquire knowledge.

19.   No nation can prosper neglecting education.

20.   In spite of strict laws against acid violence, the ghastly crime is on the rise in Bangladesh.

21.  He is too dishonest to speak the truth.

22.   By having good health, one can serve the nation well,

23.   Waste not, want not.

24.  He had a lovely garden,

25.   The carbon-di-oxide rises the temperature on the atmosphere.

26.  It is too poor to imagine.

27.   It is not possible for the government to give employment to all people.

28.    Bangladesh can engage her human resources only after exploring all her other resources.

29.   The farmers work hard to support themselves.

30.   Thammel, known as the tourist’s area, is extremely popular for its cheap hotels.

31.   The school having a beautiful garden increases the beauty of the school.

32.   Honesty is a great virtue.

33.    During the rainy season, the Padma assumes a very fearful appearance.

34.  Tourists from home and abroad visit its shores to enjoy themselves.

35.   Watching so much violence in films makes them aggressive.

36.   The prosperity of a society depends upon the reasonable income of its able bodied persons.

37.   I am happy to live in such a fine house far away from the din and bustle of city life.

38.   Neela was going to the basement cafe to have a breakfast.

39.   A fool was sitting by the side of a village road.

40.   She was scared to see a giant like figure.

41.  I do not know his father's name.

42.   In order to be healthy, we have to take a balanced diet every day.

43.   Carbohydrate and fat provide us energy.

44.   During his lifetime, he spent money lavishly to help the poor.

45.   He inspired the people to fight for independence.

Answer:

Simple to complex

1.       Arif went to Dhaka so that he could find a job.

2.       A farmer had a goose which was wonderful.

3.       They come here so that they can enjoy themselves.

4.       Once upon a time there was a girl whose name was jasmine.

5.       He has some friends who are like him.

6.       The tigers are animals which are known to be ferocious

7.       It is virtue which makes man really great.

8.       We work hard so that we can attain success in our life.

9.       It is this which will make your mind fresh

10.   It presents a sight which is beautiful.

11.   It is computer which has pushed the modern age a step ahead

12.   When we stand in front of the graves, we bow down our heads

13.   He wants to be a doctor so that he can serve the people.

14.   A man who doesn’t possess health cannot be happy in life.

15.   The Cuckoo is bird which is of very shy nature.

16.   They lay their eggs in the nests which belong to crows.

17.   She reads attentively so that she can do well in the examination.

18.   We have to work hard so that we can earn money or acquire knowledge.

19.   There is no nation who can prosper neglecting education.

20.   Though there are strict laws against acid violence, the ghastly crime is on the rise in Bangladesh.

21.   He is so dishonest that he cannot speak the truth.

22.   We want to keep our body fit and so we should take a balanced diet.

23.   If one has good health, he can serve the nation well.

24.   If you do not waste , you will not have any want.

25.   He had a garden which was lovely.

26.   It is the C02 which raises the temperature on the atmosphere.

27.   It is so poor that we cannot imagine.

28.   It is government for whom it is impossible to give to give employment to all people.

29.   When Bangladesh explores all her other resources , she can  engage her human resources.

30.   The farmers work hard so that they  can support themselves.

31.   Thammel which is known as the tourist area is extremely popular for its cheap rates.

32.   The school  has a beautiful garden which increases the beauty of the school

33.   It is honesty which is a great virtue.

34.   When it is the rainy season, the Padma assumes a very fearful appearance.

35.   Tourists from home and abroad visit its shores so that they can enjoy themselves.

36.   Since they watch so much violence in films , they become aggressive.

37.   The prosperity of a society  depends upon the reasonable income of its persons who are able bodied.

38.   I am happy to live in such a fine house which is far away from the din and bustle of city life.

39.   Neela was going to the basement cafe so that she could have a breakfast.

40.   There was a fool who was sitting by the side of  a village road.

41.   Since she saw a giant like figure, she was scared.

42.   I do not know what his father’s name is.

43.   If we want to be healthy, we have to  take a balanced diet everyday.

44.   Not only carbohydrate but also fat provides us energy.

45.   During his lifetime he spent money lavishly so that he could help the poor.

46.   He inspired the people so that they could fight for independence.