Sentence- SIMPLE, COMPLEX AND COMPOUND Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination
- Fakhruddin Babar
- Dec 2
- 12 min read
Updated: 1 day ago
SIMPLE, COMPLEX AND COMPOUND SENTENCE
১. Simple Sentence (সরল বাক্য)
সংজ্ঞা: যে বাক্যে কেবলমাত্র একটি Subject (কর্তা) এবং একটি Finite Verb (সমাপিকা ক্রিয়া) থাকে, তাকে Simple Sentence বলে। এতে কোনো Conjunction যুক্ত থাকে না।
গঠন প্রণালী:
$$Subject + Finite Verb + Extension/Object$$
গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ধারণা (Finite vs Non-Finite Verb):
Finite Verb (সমাপিকা ক্রিয়া): এটি বাক্যের মূল কাজ সম্পন্ন করে এবং Tense ও Subject অনুযায়ী রূপ পরিবর্তন করে।
উদাহরণ: He plays football. (এখানে plays হলো Finite Verb)।
Non-Finite Verb (অসমাপিকা ক্রিয়া): এটি বাক্যের কাজ সম্পূর্ণ করে না এবং Tense বা Subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয় না। (যেমন: Participle, Infinitive, Gerund)।
উদাহরণ: He likes to play football. (এখানে 'to play' হলো Non-finite)।
মনে রাখবেন: একটি Simple Sentence-এ একাধিক Non-finite verb থাকতে পারে, কিন্তু Finite verb অবশ্যই একটি হতে হবে।
উদাহরণ:
I go to school. (Subject: I, Finite Verb: go)
Closing the door, I went back to work. (এখানে 'Closing' হলো Non-finite, এবং 'went' হলো একমাত্র Finite Verb)।
২. Complex Sentence (জটিল বাক্য)
সংজ্ঞা: যে বাক্যে একটি Principal Clause (প্রধান বাক্যাংশ) এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate Clause (নির্ভরশীল বাক্যাংশ) থাকে, তাকে Complex Sentence বলে।
বৈশিষ্ট্য:
কমপক্ষে দুটি Subject এবং দুটি Finite Verb থাকে।
Subordinate Clause-টি একা অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না; এটি Principal Clause-এর ওপর নির্ভর করে।
চেনার উপায় (Subordinating Conjunctions):
এই বাক্যগুলো সাধারণত নিচের শব্দগুলো দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে:
Time (সময়): When, While, Before, After, Till, Until.
Reason (কারণ): As, Since, Because.
Condition (শর্ত): If, Unless, In case.
Relative Pronoun: Who, Which, That, Whom, Whose.
Purpose/Result: So that, In order that, Lest.
Contrast: Though, Although.
উদাহরণ:
If you work hard, you will shine in life.
Subordinate Clause: If you work hard (শর্ত বোঝাচ্ছে, একা অর্থপূর্ণ নয়)।
Principal Clause: You will shine in life (স্বাধীন বাক্য)।
I know that he is honest.
Though he is poor, he is happy.
৩. Compound Sentence (যৌগিক বাক্য)
সংজ্ঞা: যে বাক্যে দুই বা ততোধিক Principal Clause (স্বাধীন বাক্যাংশ) কোনো Co-ordinating Conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে, তাকে Compound Sentence বলে।
বৈশিষ্ট্য:
এখানে প্রতিটি Clause-ই স্বাধীন (Independent)। অর্থাৎ, Conjunction সরিয়ে নিলে প্রতিটি অংশ আলাদা বাক্য হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে।
এদেরকে Co-ordinate Clause-ও বলা হয়।
চেনার উপায় (Co-ordinating Conjunctions):
সাধারণত নিচের শব্দগুলো দ্বারা বাক্যগুলো যুক্ত থাকে:
সাধারণ যোজক: And, Both...and, Not only...but also.
বিপরীতার্থক: But, Yet, Still.
বিকল্প: Or, Otherwise, Or else, Either...or, Neither...nor.
ফলাফল: So, Therefore.
উদাহরণ:
He is poor but he is honest.
Clause 1: He is poor.
Clause 2: He is honest.
Connective: But.
Study hard or you will fail.
He went to the market and bought a pen.
একনজরে পার্থক্য (Comparison Table)
নিচের ছকটি মনে রাখলে আপনি খুব সহজেই বাক্যগুলো আলাদা করতে পারবেন:
Sentence Type | Clause-এর সংখ্যা | Finite Verb | Connectors (Examples) |
Simple | ১টি (Independent) | ১টি | সাধারণত থাকে না (তবে Phrase থাকতে পারে)। |
Complex | ১টি Principal + ১ বা একাধিক Subordinate | কমপক্ষে ২টি | If, Though, As, Since, Who, Which, That etc. |
Compound | ২ বা ততোধিক Principal | কমপক্ষে ২টি | And, But, Or, Yet, So, Therefore etc. |
Questions
1. A simple sentence has —
A. Only one subject and many verbs.
B. Only one subject and one finite verb.
C. Only one subject and two verbs.
D. A subordinate clause.
Ans: B
2. A simple sentence consists of — [RU 04-05]
A. one clause
B. more than one clause
C. two clauses
D. more than two clauses
Ans: A
3. What is a simple sentence? [BSMRSTU (B) 11-12, প্রতিরক্ষা মন্ত্রণালয়ের সিভিলিয়ান স্টাফ অফিসার-১৬]
A. A small sentence
B. An assertive sentence
C. An one-clause sentence
D. An easy-to-understand sentence
Ans: C
4. Simple sentence — [RU C 19-20]
A. I saw that he was reading.
B. I saw him reading.
C. I saw him when he was reading
D. I saw a man who was lame
Ans: B
5. Which is the correct simple sentence? [IU (D) 12-13]
A. The sun rose and the fog dispersed.
B. The fog being dispersed, the sun rose.
C. When the sun rose, the fog dispersed.
D. The sun having risen, the fog dispersed.
Ans: D (Explanation: সাধারণত সূর্য উঠলে কুয়াশা কাটে, তাই বাক্যের যোগ্যতা ঠিক রাখতে সঠিক উত্তর হবে D).
6. Which of the following sentences is a simple sentence? [KU (কলা ও মানবিক স্কুল) 11-12]
A. In spite of his poverty he is happy
B. I know that he is rich
C. Do or die
D. I respect him as he loves me
Ans: A
7. A complex sentence has — [DU (IER) 07-08, RU 09-10, BSMRSTU (E) 14-15]
A. One principal/main clause and one or more subordinate clauses
B. One subject and more subordinate clauses
C. One principal verb and one clause
D. None
Ans: A
8. When I was reading a book, he came. It is a — [স্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্রণালয়ের উপসহকারী প্রকৌশলী (সিভিল)-১৬]
A. Simple sentence
B. Complex sentence
C. Compound sentence
D. Exclamatory sentence
Ans: B
9. 'I know what his name is' is a — sentence. [ডাক অধিদপ্তরের বিল্ডিং ওভারশিয়ার-১৮]
A. simple
B. complex
C. compound
D. Negative sentence
Ans: B
10. "Though, Although, Because, Since, As" implies the- [RU 10-11, থানা সহকারী শিক্ষা অফিসার-০৬]
A. simple sentence
B. Complex sentence
C. Compound sentence
D. exclamatory
Ans: B
11. Although he is rich, he is an honest man. This is a — [বিটিভি'র উপসহকারী প্রকৌশলী-১১, JU (D3) 13-14, IU (C) 11-12]
A. simple sentence
B. complex sentence
C. compound sentence
D. multiple sentence
Ans: B
12. What kind of sentence is - "Fight till you die"? [প্রধানমন্ত্রীর কার্যালয়ে সহকারী পরিচালক-১৩]
A. Simple
B. Complex
C. Compound
D. Complex-Compound
Ans: B
13. If it rains, the match will be postponed. The type of sentence is- [JnU (A) 17-18]
A. simple
B. negative
C. complex
D. compound
Ans: C
14. Which one is a complex sentence? [RU (A-বিজোড়) 13-14]
A. He is poor but honest
B. He tried hard to help me.
C. There is no mother but loves her child.
D. Do or die
Ans: C (Explanation: 'but' here acts as a negative relative pronoun meaning 'who does not', so it creates a subordinate clause).
15. There is no mother but loves her children. The sentence is —
A. simple
B. complex
C. compound
D. complex-compound
Ans: B
16. Which one of the following is a complex sentence? [দুর্নীতি দমন ব্যুরো সহকারী পরিদর্শক-০৪ RU 07-08]
A. Only the graduates need apply.
B. He is better than any other boy in the class.
C. We eat that we may live.
D. We saw him writing a letter.
Ans: C
17. Do whatever you like. This is an example of — [RU (B-Law) 16-17]
A. Simple sentence
B. Complex sentence
C. Compound sentence
D. Multiple sentence
Ans: B
18. Which one of the followings is a complex sentence? [JnU (D) 14-15]
A. Some students like to study in the morning.
B. I hate running, but like walking.
C. They are studying because they have a test in the afternoon.
D. Too many cooks spoil the broth.
Ans: C
19. Which one is a complex sentence? [JnU (D) 11-12]
A. Despite his poverty, he is honest.
B. Having reached in London, he will attend a conference.
C. He is poor but honest.
D. The man who came here this morning is my brother.
Ans: D
20. Which one is a complex sentence? [JnU (A) 10-11]
A. Though Rajib is ill, he regularly attends classes.
B. Despite his illness, he regularly attends classes.
C. In spite his illness, he regularly attends classes.
D. Rajib is ill, but regularly attends classes.
Ans: A
21. A compound sentence has — [সমবায় দপ্তরে দ্বিতীয় শ্রেণীর গেজেটেড অফিসার ১৭, সাব রেজিষ্ট্রার ১৬]
A. A subject and a finite verb
B. One principal clause and one sub-ordinate clause
C. Two or more co-ordinate clauses
D. Two or more sub-ordinate clauses
Ans: C
22. A compound sentence must have — [RU (F1) 12-13]
A. More than one principal clause.
B. Two principal clauses.
C. Three principal clauses.
D. None
Ans: A
23. Identify the compound sentence: [দুদক সহকারী পরিচালক-০৯]
A. If you read you will learn
B. Turning to the left you will see the shop
C. I shall work or I shall fail
D. Had I the wings of a bird
Ans: C
24. 'Do or die' is a — sentence. [HSTU (C) 14-15, JUST (F) 15-16, PUST (C) 16-17, JKKNIU (গ) 16-17, বিভিন্ন মন্ত্রণালয়ের প্রশাসনিক কর্মকর্তা-১৯]
A. complex sentence
B. compound sentence
C. simple sentence
D. conditional sentences
Ans: B
25. Which one is a compound sentence? [HSTU (A) 14-15]
A. As I am weak I cannot walk
B. Owing to weakness I cannot walk
C. I am weak but I can walk
D. I can walk although I am weak
Ans: C
26. 'We must not be late, else we will miss the train.' This is a — [38th BCS]
A. compound sentence
B. complex sentence
C. simple sentence
D. interrogative sentence
Ans: A (Note: 'else' functions like 'or else').
27. 'Do or die' is a/an — sentence. [COU (A) 19-20]
A. simple
B. complex
C. compound
D. interrogative
Ans: C
28. What type of sentence 'Work or you will fail' is? [রেলওয়ের উপসহকারী প্রকৌশলী (ব্রিজ)-১৮]
A. a complex sentence
B. a compound sentence
C. an optative sentence
D. a simple sentence
Ans: B
29. Jumping up he ran away. This sentence is — [বিভিন্ন মন্ত্রণালয়ের ব্যক্তিগত কর্মকর্তা (মুক্তিযোদ্ধা কোটা-১৮)]
A. simple
B. compound
C. complex
D. gerund
Ans: A
30. All the following sentences are compound except- [৫ ব্যাংকের সমন্বিত পরীক্ষা (অফিসার)-১৮]
A. He was ill, therefore, he could not come.
B. Speak the truth and I shall pardon you.
C. He must return the goods or pay the bill.
D. I offended him as I did this.
Ans: D
31. Learn English and get a good job. It is a/an — [RU (F-২) 17-18]
A. Complex sentence
B. Compound sentence
C. Simple sentence
D. Exclamatory sentence
Ans: B
32. There is nothing nobler than love is a/an- [RU (A1) 17-18]
A. assertive sentence
B. simple sentence
C. compound sentence
D. complex sentence
Ans: B
33. If you read, you will learn. This sentence is a — [RU 07-08, KU (সমাজবিজ্ঞান) 11-12, সহকারী উপজেলা/ থানা শিক্ষা অফিসার-১০, BRDB এর পল্লী উন্নয়ন কর্মকর্তা ১৩, সহকারী পরিবার পরিকল্পনা অফিসার-১৬]
A. simple sentence
B. complex sentence
C. compound sentence
D. Both simple and complex sentence
Ans: B
34. "She spoke very strongly and you listened to her." It is an example of — [বাংলাদেশ টেলিভিশন এবং বিজ্ঞাপন আধিকারিক গ্রেড-১১-০৬]
A. negative sentence
B. a compound sentence
C. a complex sentence
D. simple sentence
Ans: B
35. 'One day the sailors saw an albatross flying towards the ship'. It is an example of a— [মাধ্যমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক-০৪, IU 09-10, RU (হিসাববিজ্ঞান) 06-07, (A5) 11-12]
A. Complex sentence
B. Compound sentence
C. Simple sentence
D. None of them
Ans: C
36. Identify the complex sentence. [দুর্যোগ ব্যবস্থাপনা ব্যুরো সহকারী পরিচালক-০১]
A. He confessed his crime.
B. The management is thoroughly bad.
C. He finished his exercise and put away his books.
D. He bought the library which belonged to his uncle.
Ans: D
37. 'A hundred percent marks in English is too high to achieve.' is a — sentence. [মাধ্যমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক-০১]
A. Simple
B. Complex
C. Incorrect
D. Compound
Ans: A
38. 'He had many acquaintances but few really close friends.' This is the example of— [RU C 19-20]
A. Compound sentence
B. Complex sentence
C. Simple sentence
D. Contracted sentence
Ans: A
39. Which one is a complex sentence? [KU B 19-20]
A. This is the act of a wise man.
B. This is an act and a wise man does it.
C. This act is done by a wise man.
D. This is the act that a wise man does.
Ans: D
40. 'I know who he is.' This is an example of — [BSMRSTU (E) 18-19]
'He has lost the book which I gave him.' is a— [RU (E) 18-19]
'She was not so young as I expected' is an example of— [RU (B) 18-19]
A. compound sentence
B. complex sentence
C. simple sentence
D. conditional sentence
Ans: B
41. The South Pole is too cold for human beings to live in. It is a : [RU (A2) 18-19]
A. simple sentence
B. complex sentence
C. compound sentence
D. multiple sentence
Ans: A
42. Which is a simple sentence? [KU (B) 18-19]
A. Tell me what you mean by this.
B. He always does not speak as he thinks.
C. The machine is working beyond our expectation.
D. If I make a promise, I keep it.
Ans: C
43. All that glitters is not gold. This sentence is — [IU (খ) 03-04, KU 06-07, RU (C1) 18-19]
A. simple
B. complex
C. compound
D. complex-compound
Ans: B
44. Which one is a compound sentence? [RU (E1) 17-18]
A. Seeing the police the thief ran away
B. The thief saw the police while he ran away
C. When the thief saw the police, he ran away
D. The thief saw the police and ran away
Ans: D
45. Which one is a complex sentence? [RU (E1) 17-18]
A. The water being very hot, I couldn't drink it.
B. Since the water was very hot, I couldn't drink it.
C. Being poor, I couldn't buy a chain
D. Because of his playing well, he won the game
Ans: B
46. 'Though he was very rich, he was still very unhappy' is a — [RU (E1) 17-18]
A. simple sentence
B. complex sentence
C. compound sentence
D. conditional sentence
Ans: B
47. He looked all around and disappeared. The type of this sentence is — [JnU (A) 17-18]
A. simple
B. compound
C. complex
D. negative
Ans: B
48. The sentence "He ate rice and came to school" is — [IU (D) 17-18]
A. Simple
B. Complex
C. Compound
D. None
Ans: C
49. 'Killing the bird, the old man brought bad luck to the crew' is a- [RU (E1) 17-18]
A. complex sentence
B. compound sentence
C. simple sentence
D. none of them
Ans: C
50. 'Without working hard, you will not prosper in life' is a- [RU (E2) 17-18]
A. conditional sentence
B. compound sentence
C. complex sentence
D. simple sentence
Ans: D
51. 'I saw a boy who was poor' is a- [RU (E3) 17-18]
A. simple sentence
B. compound sentence
C. complex sentence
D. none of them
Ans: C
52. Which one of the following is a compound sentence? [RU (F-অবিজ্ঞান) 17-18]
A. Turning to the left you will see the shop.
B. If you read you will learn.
C. I shall work hard or I shall fail.
D. Had I the wings of a bird?
Ans: C
53. "You should apologize for what you have done" is a - [BSMRSTU (D) 17-18]
A. complex sentence
B. simple sentence
C. compound sentence
D. adverbial clause
Ans: A
54. The girl who sat next to me is an architect. It is a: [RU (A, জোড়) 16-17]
A. simple sentence
B. complex sentence
C. compound sentence
D. complex-compound sentence
Ans: B
55. A complex sentence is one which contains [IU (C) 17-18]
A. one independent clause and one subordinate clause
B. two subordinate clause
C. two independent clauses
D. neither of the above
Ans: A
56. The sentence 'He is diligent, therefore he will succeed' is a — [NU (মানবিক) 08-09, IU (D) 16-17]
A. compound-complex sentence
B. compound sentence
C. simple sentence
D. complex sentence
Ans: B
57. He is a boy who has his merit. This sentence is- [KU (জীববিজ্ঞান স্কুল) 15-16]
A. exclamatory
B. compound
C. complex
D. simple
Ans: C
58. Which of the following is a compound sentence? [JnU (A) 16-17]
A. After he came here, he talked to him.
B. He came here but I did not talk to him.
C. He stopped to talked to him
D. He could not but talked to him
Ans: B
59. Which of the following is a compound sentence? [RU (G, অ-বিজ্ঞান) 16-17]
A. Work hard and you will succeed
B. Work hard for success
C. If you work hard, you will succeed
D. You need to be hard working to succeed
Ans: A
60. "The man with a stick in his hand was walking across the road (লোকটা তার হাতে লাঠি নিয়ে হেঁটে রাস্তা পার হচ্ছিল)" This sentence is the example of [COU (B) 15-16]
A. a simple sentence
B. an imperative sentence
C. a complex sentence
D. an exclamatory sentence
Ans: A
61. Which one is a simple sentence? [BSMRSTU (E) 13-14]
A. If I make a promise I keep it
B. You can talk as much as you like
C. While there is life there is hope
D. He will pay only under compulsion
Ans: D
62. You must work for success. (Make it compound without changing meaning) [RU 04-05, 10-11]
A. Work hard for the success.
B. Work hard for success.
C. Work hard to succeed.
D. Work hard and you will succeed.
Ans: D
63. Because of illness, he could not attend the meeting. This is a — [IU (BBA) 11-12]
A. simple sentence
B. complex sentence
C. compound sentence
D. multiple sentence
Ans: A
64. 'I saw that the boy was playing.' It is an example of a - [IU (C) 09-10]
A. complex sentence
B. compound sentence
C. simple sentence
D. exclamatory sentence
Ans: A
65. 'If we don't read we become trapped in our own individual minds' is a-. [RU (A, বিজোড়) 15-16]
A. compound sentence
B. complex sentence
C. simple sentence
D. clause
Ans: B
66. 'Besides robbing the poor child, he also murdered her'- this sentence is- [RU (অর্থনীতি) 09-10]
A. a compound sentence
B. a simple sentence
C. a complex sentence
D. an optative sentence
Ans: B
67. The tiger having fallen, he climbed down from the tree. [RU (E) 11-12]
A. complex sentence
B. simple sentence
C. compound sentence
D. negative sentence
Ans: B
68. What is the sentence-pattern of the following sentence? [CU (A) 06-07] 'Besides making a promise, he kept it.'
A. Complex sentence
B. Compound sentence
C. Simple sentence
D. Negative sentence
Ans: C
69. The police dispersed the people who gathered around the deceased. [PUST (C) 16-17]
How he made his career is a good lesson for us all. The sentence is: [RU (B) 15-16]
'There is no meaning in what you say' what type of sentence is it? [KU (BS) 12-13]
A. simple sentence
B. compound sentence
C. positive sentence
D. complex sentence
Ans: D
70. 'Study hard otherwise you will fail.' What kind of sentence is this? [IU (B) 09-10]
A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Complex
D. None of these
Ans: B
71. Choose the correct complex sentence. [KU (জীববিজ্ঞান স্কুল) 09-10]
A. I wanted to see my ailing father and so I went home.
B. I went home in order that I might see my ailing father.
C. I went home to see my ailing father.
D. I went seeing my ailing father.
Ans: B
Answers With Explanation:
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