Rules for Combining Sentences (Comprehensive)/ Synthesizing Sentences for Better Writing

Rules for Combining Sentences

I. Using Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS)

Rule 1: Using and (adds similar ideas)

• Detached: She cooked dinner. She cleaned the house.

• Combined: She cooked dinner and cleaned the house.

• Detached: He opened the book. He began to read.

• Combined: He opened the book and began to read.

Rule 2: Using but (contrast between ideas)

• Detached: He worked hard. He failed.

• Combined: He worked hard, but he failed.

• Detached: She is rich. She is not happy.

• Combined: She is rich, but not happy.

Rule 3: Using or (gives choice)

• Detached: You can call me. You can email me.

• Combined: You can call me or email me.

• Detached: We must leave now. We must miss the bus.

• Combined: We must leave now, or miss the bus.

Rule 4: Using nor (negative + negative)

• Detached: He didn’t speak. He didn’t smile.

• Combined: He neither spoke nor smiled.

• Detached: She never lied. She never cheated.

• Combined: She never lied, nor cheated.

Rule 5: Using for (reason, like ‘because’)

• Detached: I stayed at home. It was raining.

• Combined: I stayed at home, for it was raining.

• Detached: He could not walk. He was very weak.

• Combined: He could not walk, for he was very weak.

Rule 6: Using so (shows result)

• Detached: He was tired. He went to bed.

• Combined: He was tired, so he went to bed.

• Detached: It rained heavily. The match was canceled.

• Combined: It rained heavily, so the match was canceled.

II. Using Subordinating Conjunctions

Rule 7: Cause/Reason – because, since, as

• Detached: He was absent. He was ill.

• Combined: He was absent because he was ill.

• Detached: The match was stopped. It was raining.

• Combined: The match was stopped since it was raining.

Rule 8: Concession/Contrast – although, though, even though

• Detached: He was tired. He continued working.

• Combined: Although he was tired, he continued working.

• Detached: She failed. She had worked hard.

• Combined: Though she had worked hard, she failed.

Rule 9: Condition – if, unless, provided that

• Detached: You will succeed. You work hard.

• Combined: You will succeed if you work hard.

• Detached: He cannot enter. He has no ticket.

• Combined: He cannot enter unless he has a ticket.

Rule 10: Time – when, while, after, before, until, as soon as

• Detached: I waited. The bus arrived.

• Combined: I waited until the bus arrived.

• Detached: She will call me. She arrives.

• Combined: She will call me as soon as she arrives.

Rule 11: Place – where, wherever

• Detached: You may go. You like.

• Combined: You may go wherever you like.

• Detached: He follows me. I go.

• Combined: He follows me wherever I go.

Rule 12: Purpose – so that, in order that

• Detached: He spoke loudly. Everyone could hear.

• Combined: He spoke loudly so that everyone could hear.

• Detached: She hurried. She might catch the train.

• Combined: She hurried in order that she might catch the train.

Rule 13: Manner – as if, as though

• Detached: He talks. He knows everything.

• Combined: He talks as if he knows everything.

• Detached: She ran. She were chased.

• Combined: She ran as though she were chased.

III. Relative Clauses

Rule 14: Defining Relative Clause

• Detached: This is the boy. He won the prize.

• Combined: This is the boy who won the prize.

• Detached: I know the man. You met him.

• Combined: I know the man whom you met.

Rule 15: Non-Defining Relative Clause (with commas)

• Detached: Dhaka is crowded. Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh.

• Combined: Dhaka, which is the capital of Bangladesh, is crowded.

Rule 16: Reduced Relative Clause

• Detached: The man is my uncle. The man is standing there.

• Combined: The man standing there is my uncle.

• Detached: The girl is my sister. She is singing.

• Combined: The girl singing is my sister.

IV. Using Non-Finite Verb Forms

Rule 17: Present Participle (-ing)

• Detached: He saw a snake. He ran away.

• Combined: Seeing a snake, he ran away.

• Detached: She heard the news. She fainted.

• Combined: Hearing the news, she fainted.

Rule 18: Past Participle (V3)

• Detached: They were defeated in the game. They returned home.

• Combined: Defeated in the game, they returned home.

• Detached: The work was finished. They left the office.

• Combined: Finished with the work, they left the office.

Rule 19: Perfect Participle (having + V3)

• Detached: He finished the work. He went home.

• Combined: Having finished the work, he went home.

• Detached: She had taken her meal. She went to bed.

• Combined: Having taken her meal, she went to bed.

Rule 20: Infinitive (to + verb)

• Detached: He went abroad. He wanted to study.

• Combined: He went abroad to study.

• Detached: She works hard. She wants to succeed.

• Combined: She works hard to succeed.

Rule 21: Gerund (-ing as noun)

• Detached: He loves novels. He reads novels.

• Combined: He loves reading novels.

• Detached: She hates cooking. She hates washing clothes.

• Combined: She hates cooking and washing clothes.

V. Apposition & Noun Phrases

Rule 22: Apposition

• Detached: Dhaka is crowded. Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh.

• Combined: Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is crowded.

Rule 23: Prepositional Phrase

• Detached: He is honest. He is poor.

• Combined: In spite of being poor, he is honest.

• Detached: She is weak. She works hard.

• Combined: In spite of being weak, she works hard.

Rule 24: Noun Clause (as subject or object)

• Detached: He failed. It surprised everyone.

• Combined: That he failed surprised everyone.

• Detached: I don’t know. He will come.

• Combined: I don’t know whether he will come.

VI. Using Punctuation

Rule 25: Semicolon (;) – join related ideas

• Detached: He was tired. He went to bed.

• Combined: He was tired; he went to bed.

• Detached: It rained. We stayed indoors.

• Combined: It rained; we stayed indoors.

Rule 26: Semicolon + Conjunctive Adverb

• Detached: He worked hard. He failed.

• Combined: He worked hard; however, he failed.

• Detached: She was angry. She remained calm.

• Combined: She was angry; nevertheless, she remained calm.

Rule 27: Colon (:) – for explanation

• Detached: He had one dream. He wanted to become a doctor.

• Combined: He had one dream: to become a doctor.

• Detached: She bought three items. They were rice, milk, and sugar.

• Combined: She bought three items: rice, milk, and sugar.

Rule 28: Dash (—) – for emphasis

• Detached: She gave him everything. She gave him her time, her love, her trust.

• Combined: She gave him everything—her time, her love, her trust.

• Detached: He needed one thing. He needed courage.

• Combined: He needed one thing—courage.

Rule 29: Parentheses ( ) – extra info

• Detached: The city is now a metropolis. The city was once a small village.

• Combined: The city (once a small village) is now a metropolis.

Rule 30: Comma + Coordinating Conjunction

• Detached: He tried hard. He failed.

• Combined: He tried hard, but he failed.

Rule 31: Comma + Absolute Phrase

• Detached: The sun had set. We returned home.

• Combined: The sun having set, we returned home.

Rule 32: Combining with “in order to / so that” (purpose)

Description: Use in order to (formal) or so that (less formal) to show purpose.

• Detached: He studies hard. He wants to get a scholarship.

• Combined: He studies hard in order to get a scholarship.

• Detached: I spoke slowly. She could understand me.

• Combined: I spoke slowly so that she could understand me.

• Detached: We left early. We wanted to avoid traffic.

• Combined: We left early in order to avoid traffic.

Rule 33: Combining with “because / since / as” (reason)

Description: Use these conjunctions to show cause or reason.

• Detached: She stayed home. She was sick.

• Combined: She stayed home because she was sick.

• Detached: I took a taxi. I was late.

• Combined: I took a taxi since I was late.

• Detached: He could not play. He had a broken arm.

• Combined: He could not play as he had a broken arm.

Rule 34: Combining with “although / though / even though” (contrast)

Description: Use to show contrast between two ideas.

• Detached: It was raining. They went for a walk.

• Combined: They went for a walk although it was raining.

• Detached: He is poor. He is honest.

• Combined: He is honest though he is poor.

• Detached: She studied hard. She failed.

• Combined: She failed even though she studied hard.

Rule 35: Combining with “while / whereas” (contrast of ideas)

Description: Used to compare two opposite facts.

• Detached: He likes tea. She prefers coffee.

• Combined: He likes tea, whereas she prefers coffee.

• Detached: The north is cold. The south is warm.

• Combined: The north is cold, while the south is warm.

• Detached: Some students were sleeping. Others were reading.

• Combined: While some students were sleeping, others were reading.

Rule 36: Combining with “if / unless” (condition)

Description: Shows conditional relationship.

• Detached: Work hard. You will succeed.

• Combined: If you work hard, you will succeed.

• Detached: Don’t study. You won’t pass.

• Combined: Unless you study, you won’t pass.

• Detached: She hurries. She will miss the train.

• Combined: She will miss the train unless she hurries.

Rule 37: Combining with “before / after / when / while” (time clauses)

Description: Shows time relationship between actions.

• Detached: He finished homework. He went to bed.

• Combined: He went to bed after he finished his homework.

• Detached: She will come. The meeting will start.

• Combined: The meeting will start before she comes.

• Detached: I was cooking. The phone rang.

• Combined: The phone rang while I was cooking.

Rule 38: Combining with “where / wherever” (place)

Description: Indicates place.

• Detached: I saw him. It was in the park.

• Combined: I saw him where the park is.

• Detached: You go. I will follow you.

• Combined: I will follow you wherever you go.

• Detached: She lives. It is near the school.

• Combined: She lives where the school is.

Rule 39: Combining with “so…that / such…that”

Description: Used to show result.

• Detached: The box is heavy. I can’t lift it.

• Combined: The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it.

• Detached: He is a clever boy. He can solve any problem.

• Combined: He is such a clever boy that he can solve any problem.

• Detached: The tea is hot. I can’t drink it.

• Combined: The tea is so hot that I can’t drink it.

Rule 40: Combining with “not only…but also”

Description: To add emphasis on two related ideas.

• Detached: He is intelligent. He is hardworking.

• Combined: He is not only intelligent but also hardworking.

• Detached: She sings well. She dances beautifully.

• Combined: She not only sings well but also dances beautifully.

• Detached: He speaks English. He speaks French.

• Combined: He speaks not only English but also French.

Rule 41: Combining with “both…and”

Description: Shows equality of two ideas.

• Detached: He is tall. He is strong.

• Combined: He is both tall and strong.

• Detached: The boy is smart. The boy is polite.

• Combined: The boy is both smart and polite.

• Detached: She enjoys painting. She enjoys singing.

• Combined: She enjoys both painting and singing.

Rule 42: Combining with “either…or / neither…nor”

Description: Shows choice or negation.

• Detached: You can have tea. You can have coffee.

• Combined: You can have either tea or coffee.

• Detached: She didn’t sing. She didn’t dance.

• Combined: She did neither sing nor dance.

• Detached: He will come today. He will come tomorrow.

• Combined: He will come either today or tomorrow.

Rule 43: Combining with “not…but / rather than”

Description: Shows contrast in preference.

• Detached: He is not a teacher. He is a student.

• Combined: He is not a teacher but a student.

• Detached: I prefer tea. I don’t prefer coffee.

• Combined: I prefer tea rather than coffee.

• Detached: He wanted to walk. He did not want to ride.

• Combined: He wanted to walk rather than ride.

Rule 44: Combining with Apposition

Description: Place one noun beside another to explain.

• Detached: Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. Dhaka is very crowded.

• Combined: Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is very crowded.

• Detached: Rabindranath Tagore was a poet. He won the Nobel Prize.

• Combined: Rabindranath Tagore, a Nobel Prize-winning poet, wrote many songs.

• Detached: Cox’s Bazar is a tourist spot. It has the longest sea beach.

• Combined: Cox’s Bazar, a famous tourist spot, has the longest sea beach.

Rule 45: Combining with Absolute Phrase

Description: Add extra information without a full clause.

• Detached: The weather was fine. We went for a picnic.

• Combined: The weather being fine, we went for a picnic.

• Detached: The work was finished. He went home.

• Combined: The work finished, he went home.

• Detached: The sun having set. We returned home.

• Combined: The sun having set, we returned home.

Rule 46: Combining with Infinitive

Description: Use to + verb for purpose or connection.

• Detached: He went to London. He studied law.

• Combined: He went to London to study law.

• Detached: She called me. She asked for help.

• Combined: She called me to ask for help.

• Detached: He stopped. He drink water.

• Combined: He stopped to drink water.

Rule 47: Combining with Participles

Description: Present/Past participles reduce clauses.

• Detached: She saw a snake. She screamed.

• Combined: Seeing a snake, she screamed.

• Detached: The work was done. He left.

• Combined: The work done, he left.

• Detached: He opened the window. He looked outside.

• Combined: Opening the window, he looked outside.

Rule 48: Combining with Relative Clause (who, which, that, whose, whom)

Description: Add more information to nouns.

• Detached: I met a man. He is a doctor.

• Combined: I met a man who is a doctor.

• Detached: This is the book. You lent it to me.

• Combined: This is the book that you lent me.

• Detached: She is the girl. Her father is rich.

• Combined: She is the girl whose father is rich.

Rule 49: Combining with Conditional Phrases (Had, Were, Should)

Description: Formal/short conditional structures.

• Detached: If I had known the truth, I would have helped you.

• Combined: Had I known the truth, I would have helped you.

• Detached: If he were rich, he would travel the world.

• Combined: Were he rich, he would travel the world.

• Detached: If you need any help, call me.

• Combined: Should you need any help, call me.

Rule 50: Combining with Comparative Structures (the…the)

Description: Shows proportional change.

• Detached: You work hard. You succeed more.

• Combined: The harder you work, the more you succeed.

• Detached: He eats much. He becomes fat.

• Combined: The more he eats, the fatter he becomes.

• Detached: You practice more. You improve faster.

• Combined: The more you practice, the faster you improve.

Rule 51: Combining with Correlative Conjunctions (as…as / so…as)

Description: For equality or comparison.

• Detached: He is tall. His brother is tall too.

• Combined: He is as tall as his brother.

• Detached: She is not intelligent. Her sister is intelligent.

• Combined: She is not so intelligent as her sister.

• Detached: The house is big. The palace is big too.

• Combined: The house is as big as the palace.

Rule 52: Combining with Prepositions + Noun/Pronoun

Description: Use prepositional phrases to shorten.

• Detached: He spoke. He was full of anger.

• Combined: He spoke with anger.

• Detached: They met. It was during the night.

• Combined: They met at night.

• Detached: She works. It is in the morning.

• Combined: She works in the morning.

Rule 53: Combining with Gerunds

Description: Verb + -ing as subject/object.

• Detached: He likes football. He likes cricket.

• Combined: He likes playing football and cricket.

• Detached: She enjoys dancing. She enjoys singing.

• Combined: She enjoys dancing and singing.

• Detached: Reading is useful. Writing is useful.

• Combined: Reading and writing are useful.

Rule 54: Combining with Ellipsis (omitting repeated words)

Description: Remove repeated words.

• Detached: He can play football. He can play cricket.

• Combined: He can play football and cricket.

• Detached: I like tea. I like coffee.

• Combined: I like tea and coffee.

• Detached: She speaks English. She speaks French.

• Combined: She speaks English and French.

Rule 55: Combining with Parallel Structure

Description: Keep balanced form for clarity.

• Detached: He likes swimming. He likes running.

• Combined: He likes swimming and running.

• Detached: She wants to study. She wants to work.

• Combined: She wants to study and to work.

• Detached: He is honest. He is hardworking.

• Combined: He is honest and hardworking.

Rule 56: Combining with Coordination of Adjectives/Adverbs

Description: Use commas or “and.”

• Detached: The day was hot. The day was sunny.

• Combined: The day was hot and sunny.

• Detached: She spoke clearly. She spoke confidently.

• Combined: She spoke clearly and confidently.

• Detached: The boy is kind. The boy is polite.

• Combined: The boy is kind and polite.

Rule 57: Combining with Colon (:)

Description: Used for explanation, list, or elaboration.

• Detached: He has three hobbies. They are reading, writing, and painting.

• Combined: He has three hobbies: reading, writing, and painting.

• Detached: I know the truth. It is this.

• Combined: I know the truth: he lied.

• Detached: She gave me one gift. It was a book.

• Combined: She gave me one gift: a book.

Rule 58: Combining with Semi-colon (;)

Description: Links two closely related ideas.

• Detached: He is very rich. He is not happy.

• Combined: He is very rich; he is not happy.

• Detached: The rain stopped. We went outside.

• Combined: The rain stopped; we went outside.

• Detached: I have a meeting tomorrow. I cannot go with you.

• Combined: I have a meeting tomorrow; I cannot go with you.

Rule 59: Combining with Dash (—)

Description: Adds sudden explanation or extra info.

• Detached: I need one thing. That is honesty.

• Combined: I need one thing—honesty.

• Detached: He gave me a gift. It was unexpected.

• Combined: He gave me a gift—unexpected and wonderful.

• Detached: She has two problems. Lack of money and lack of time.

• Combined: She has two problems—lack of money and lack of time.

Rule 60: Combining with Parentheses ( )

Description: To add extra, non-essential information.

• Detached: Dhaka is very crowded. It is the capital of Bangladesh.

• Combined: Dhaka (the capital of Bangladesh) is very crowded.

• Detached: He will come tomorrow. At least, that’s what he said.

• Combined: He will come tomorrow (at least, that’s what he said).

• Detached: He gave me a pen. It was red.

• Combined: He gave me a pen (a red one).

Rule 61: Combining with Adjectival Phrases

Description: Replace a full clause with an adjective phrase.

• Detached: The man is kind. He is wearing a blue shirt.

• Combined: The man in a blue shirt is kind.

• Detached: The boy is smart. He has curly hair.

• Combined: The boy with curly hair is smart.

• Detached: The girl is happy. She has a sweet smile.

• Combined: The girl with a sweet smile is happy.

Rule 62: Combining with Adverbial Phrases

Description: Shorten time, place, or manner clauses.

• Detached: He came. It was in the morning.

• Combined: He came in the morning.

• Detached: She spoke. She spoke with confidence.

• Combined: She spoke with confidence.

• Detached: They waited. It was at the bus stop.

• Combined: They waited at the bus stop.

Rule 63: Combining with Inversion

Description: Rearrange for emphasis.

• Detached: He had never seen such a sight. It surprised him.

• Combined: Never had he seen such a sight, and it surprised him.

• Detached: She rarely goes out. She went yesterday.

• Combined: Rarely does she go out, but she went yesterday.

• Detached: He hardly spoke. He smiled.

• Combined: Hardly did he speak, but he smiled.

Rule 64: Combining with “too…to”

Description: Used to express impossibility.

• Detached: The bag is very heavy. I cannot carry it.

• Combined: The bag is too heavy to carry.

• Detached: He is very weak. He cannot walk.

• Combined: He is too weak to walk.

• Detached: She was very tired. She could not continue.

• Combined: She was too tired to continue.

Rule 65: Combining with “enough to”

Description: Shows sufficiency.

• Detached: He is very strong. He can lift the box.

• Combined: He is strong enough to lift the box.

• Detached: She is very clever. She can solve the puzzle.

• Combined: She is clever enough to solve the puzzle.

• Detached: The room is very big. It can hold 50 people.

• Combined: The room is big enough to hold 50 people.

Rule 66: Combining with “as if / as though”

Description: Expresses comparison or imagination.

• Detached: He speaks. He is a leader.

• Combined: He speaks as if he were a leader.

• Detached: She cried. She had lost everything.

• Combined: She cried as though she had lost everything.

• Detached: He walks. He owns the place.

• Combined: He walks as if he owns the place.

Rule 67: Combining with “because of / due to / owing to”

Description: Show cause using phrases.

• Detached: He was absent. He was ill.

• Combined: He was absent because of illness.

• Detached: The flight was delayed. There was heavy rain.

• Combined: The flight was delayed due to heavy rain.

• Detached: The match was cancelled. There was a storm.

• Combined: The match was cancelled owing to the storm.

Rule 68: Combining with “with / without”

Description: Using prepositions for conditions.

• Detached: He succeeded. He had hard work.

• Combined: He succeeded with hard work.

• Detached: She failed. She had no effort.

• Combined: She failed without effort.

• Detached: We cannot live. We have no air.

• Combined: We cannot live without air.

Rule 69: Combining with Reported Speech

Description: Turn direct speech into indirect.

• Detached: He said, “I am tired.” He sat down.

• Combined: He said that he was tired and sat down.

• Detached: She said, “I will come tomorrow.” She left.

• Combined: She said that she would come tomorrow and left.

• Detached: They said, “We are playing.” They laughed.

• Combined: They said that they were playing and laughed.

Rule 70: Combining with Questions into Statements

Description: Change a question clause into noun clause.

• Detached: Where does he live? I don’t know.

• Combined: I don’t know where he lives.

• Detached: What is his name? Can you tell me?

• Combined: Can you tell me what his name is?

• Detached: Why was she crying? I wonder.

• Combined: I wonder why she was crying.

Rule 71: Combining with Exclamatory Sentences

Description: Change exclamation into a clause.

• Detached: What a beautiful flower it is! Everyone admired it.

• Combined: Everyone admired how beautiful the flower was.

• Detached: How fast he runs! We were surprised.

• Combined: We were surprised at how fast he runs.

• Detached: What a great man he is! People respect him.

• Combined: People respect him for what a great man he is.

Rule 72: Combining with Nominal Clauses

Description: Whole sentence works as noun clause.

• Detached: He will pass. I am sure of this.

• Combined: I am sure that he will pass.

• Detached: She is honest. Everyone knows this.

• Combined: Everyone knows that she is honest.

• Detached: He can solve it. I believe this.

• Combined: I believe that he can solve it.

Rule 73: Combining with Reduced Clauses

Description: Drop subject/verb if same as main clause.

• Detached: When I saw him, I greeted him.

• Combined: Seeing him, I greeted him.

• Detached: Since he was tired, he went to bed.

• Combined: Being tired, he went to bed.

• Detached: Because she was ill, she stayed home.

• Combined: Being ill, she stayed home.

Rule 74: Combining with “having + past participle”

Description: Perfect participle for sequence of actions.

• Detached: He finished the work. Then he went home.

• Combined: Having finished the work, he went home.

• Detached: She had eaten. Then she left.

• Combined: Having eaten, she left.

• Detached: They had completed the project. Then they celebrated.

• Combined: Having completed the project, they celebrated.

Rule 75: Combining with Absolute Construction

Description: Noun + participle phrase gives background info.

• Detached: The teacher entered the class. The students stood up.

• Combined: The teacher entering the class, the students stood up.

• Detached: The bell rang. The boys rushed out.

• Combined: The bell ringing, the boys rushed out.

• Detached: The meeting was over. Everyone left.

• Combined: The meeting being over, everyone left.

Rule 76: Combining with “No sooner…than”

Description: Shows immediate sequence.

• Detached: He reached the station. The train left.

• Combined: No sooner had he reached the station than the train left.

• Detached: She entered the class. The students stood up.

• Combined: No sooner had she entered the class than the students stood up.

• Detached: The rain started. We went inside.

• Combined: No sooner had the rain started than we went inside.

Rule 77: Combining with “Hardly/Scarcely…when”

Description: Another immediate sequence form.

• Detached: He closed the door. Someone knocked.

• Combined: Hardly had he closed the door when someone knocked.

• Detached: She finished eating. She went to bed.

• Combined: Scarcely had she finished eating when she went to bed.

• Detached: He reached home. It began to rain.

• Combined: Hardly had he reached home when it began to rain.

Rule 78: Combining with “As soon as”

Description: Shows immediacy in simple style.

• Detached: He saw me. He smiled.

• Combined: He smiled as soon as he saw me.

• Detached: She heard the news. She cried.

• Combined: She cried as soon as she heard the news.

• Detached: The bell rang. The boys ran out.

• Combined: The boys ran out as soon as the bell rang.

Rule 79: Combining with “By the time”

Description: Indicates something already happened before another action.

• Detached: He arrived. The train had left.

• Combined: By the time he arrived, the train had left.

• Detached: She came. The movie had started.

• Combined: By the time she came, the movie had started.

• Detached: They reached the hall. The speech was over.

• Combined: By the time they reached the hall, the speech was over.

Rule 80: Combining with “Until/Till”

Description: Denotes continuation up to a point.

• Detached: He waited. She arrived.

• Combined: He waited until she arrived.

• Detached: We shall stay here. The rain stops.

• Combined: We shall stay here till the rain stops.

• Detached: He worked. It was midnight.

• Combined: He worked until midnight.

Rule 81: Combining with “Whenever / Wherever / However”

Description: Generalizing time, place, manner.

• Detached: He goes to London. He visits me.

• Combined: Whenever he goes to London, he visits me.

• Detached: You go. I will follow.

• Combined: Wherever you go, I will follow.

• Detached: She speaks. She speaks politely.

• Combined: She speaks however she likes.

Rule 82: Combining with “Though / Although / Even though”

Description: Expresses contrast.

• Detached: He is poor. He is honest.

• Combined: He is honest though he is poor.

• Detached: Although it rained, they played cricket. They got wet.

• Combined: Although it rained, they played cricket and got wet.

• Detached: He was tired. He kept working.

• Combined: He kept working even though he was tired.

Rule 83: Combining with “In spite of / Despite”

Description: Contrast in phrase form.

• Detached: He is poor. He is happy.

• Combined: He is happy in spite of being poor.

• Detached: It was raining. They went out.

• Combined: They went out despite the rain.

• Detached: She failed. She tried again.

• Combined: She tried again in spite of failure.

Rule 84: Combining with “Rather than”

Description: Preference.

• Detached: He will play football. He will not play cricket.

• Combined: He will play football rather than cricket.

• Detached: She prefers tea. She does not prefer coffee.

• Combined: She prefers tea rather than coffee.

• Detached: He walked. He did not wait for the bus.

• Combined: He walked rather than wait for the bus.

Rule 85: Combining with “Instead of”

Description: Substitution.

• Detached: He played. He did not study.

• Combined: He played instead of studying.

• Detached: She went to a park. She did not go to school.

• Combined: She went to a park instead of school.

• Detached: He watched TV. He did not read books.

• Combined: He watched TV instead of reading books.

Rule 86: Combining with “Besides / In addition to”

Description: Adding extra info.

• Detached: He reads. He writes.

• Combined: Besides reading, he writes.

• Detached: She sings. She dances too.

• Combined: She sings in addition to dancing.

• Detached: They bought apples. They bought oranges too.

• Combined: They bought apples besides oranges.

Rule 87: Combining with “As well as”

Description: To join two subjects/objects.

• Detached: He speaks English. He speaks French.

• Combined: He speaks English as well as French.

• Detached: She writes stories. She writes poems.

• Combined: She writes stories as well as poems.

• Detached: He reads books. He watches movies.

• Combined: He reads books as well as watches movies.

Rule 88: Combining with “Not only…but also”

Description: Stronger emphasis on addition.

• Detached: He is intelligent. He is hardworking.

• Combined: He is not only intelligent but also hardworking.

• Detached: She sings well. She dances well too.

• Combined: She not only sings well but also dances well.

• Detached: They visited Dhaka. They visited Chattogram too.

• Combined: They visited not only Dhaka but also Chattogram.

Rule 89: Combining with “Either…or”

Description: Shows choice.

• Detached: You may come today. You may come tomorrow.

• Combined: You may come either today or tomorrow.

• Detached: He will read a story. He will read a poem.

• Combined: He will read either a story or a poem.

• Detached: We can go by bus. We can go by train.

• Combined: We can go either by bus or by train.

Rule 90: Combining with “Neither…nor”

Description: Negative choice.

• Detached: He does not read. He does not write.

• Combined: He reads neither books nor writes stories.

• Detached: She did not sing. She did not dance.

• Combined: She did neither sing nor dance.

• Detached: They did not go to Dhaka. They did not go to Khulna.

• Combined: They went to neither Dhaka nor Khulna.

Rule 91: Combining with “Both…and”

Description: Inclusion of two.

• Detached: He is brave. He is honest.

• Combined: He is both brave and honest.

• Detached: She speaks English. She speaks Spanish.

• Combined: She speaks both English and Spanish.

• Detached: They bought rice. They bought flour.

• Combined: They bought both rice and flour.

Rule 92: Combining with “Whether…or”

Description: Shows doubt/uncertainty.

• Detached: He will come. He will not come.

• Combined: I don’t know whether he will come or not.

• Detached: She is guilty. She is innocent.

• Combined: We are not sure whether she is guilty or innocent.

• Detached: They will stay. They will leave.

• Combined: I wonder whether they will stay or leave.

Rule 93: Combining with “So…that”

Description: Shows cause-result intensity.

• Detached: He was very tired. He could not walk.

• Combined: He was so tired that he could not walk.

• Detached: She was very busy. She had no time to rest.

• Combined: She was so busy that she had no time to rest.

• Detached: The box was very heavy. I could not lift it.

• Combined: The box was so heavy that I could not lift it.

Rule 94: Combining with “Such…that”

Description: Similar to Rule 93 but with noun.

• Detached: It was a great mistake. Everyone noticed it.

• Combined: It was such a great mistake that everyone noticed it.

• Detached: She told an interesting story. We all enjoyed it.

• Combined: She told such an interesting story that we all enjoyed it.

• Detached: He made a foolish plan. It failed.

• Combined: He made such a foolish plan that it failed.

Rule 95: Combining with “In order that / So that”

Description: Shows purpose.

• Detached: He worked hard. He might succeed.

• Combined: He worked hard so that he might succeed.

• Detached: She studied well. She could pass the exam.

• Combined: She studied well in order that she could pass the exam.

• Detached: He hurried. He might catch the train.

• Combined: He hurried so that he might catch the train.

Rule 96: Combining with “As much as / As many as”

Description: For quantity comparison.

• Detached: He has ten books. I have ten books.

• Combined: He has as many books as I have.

• Detached: She earns five thousand. He earns five thousand too.

• Combined: She earns as much as he earns.

• Detached: I spent 500 taka. You spent 500 taka.

• Combined: I spent as much money as you.

Rule 97: Combining with “Provided that / As long as”

Description: Expresses condition.

• Detached: You work hard. You will succeed.

• Combined: You will succeed provided that you work hard.

• Detached: She helps me. I will help her.

• Combined: I will help her as long as she helps me.

• Detached: He pays the fee. He can enter the exam.

• Combined: He can enter the exam provided that he pays the fee.

Rule 98: Combining with “So long as / Unless”

Description: Conditional negatives.

• Detached: You obey me. I will support you.

• Combined: I will support you so long as you obey me.

• Detached: He does not study. He will not pass.

• Combined: He will not pass unless he studies.

• Detached: She does not work hard. She will fail.

• Combined: She will fail unless she works hard.

Rule 99: Combining with “So as to / In order to”

Description: Shows purpose in phrase form.

• Detached: He came. He wanted to see me.

• Combined: He came to see me.

• Detached: She went to Dhaka. She wanted to attend a meeting.

• Combined: She went to Dhaka in order to attend a meeting.

• Detached: He hurried. He wanted to catch the bus.

• Combined: He hurried so as to catch the bus.

Rule 100: Combining with Absolute Noun Phrases (without verb)

Description: Using a noun phrase for condition/background.

• Detached: The weather was fine. We went for a walk.

• Combined: The weather fine, we went for a walk.

• Detached: The work finished. They celebrated.

• Combined: The work finished, they celebrated.

• Detached: His duty done. He went home.

• Combined: His duty done, he went home.