O Me! O Life! By Walt Whitman - Poem / Poetry Appreciation / Exercises on Poem / Question-Answer on Poem / Theme and Summary of Poem / Poem Analysis
- Fakhruddin Babar
- Feb 5
- 19 min read
Updated: Mar 4
O Me! O Life!
By Walt Whitman
Oh me! Oh life! of the questions of these recurring,
Of the endless trains of the faithless, of cities fill’d with the foolish,
Of myself forever reproaching myself, (for who more foolish than I, and who more faithless?)
Of eyes that vainly crave the light, of the objects mean, of the struggle ever renew’d,
Of the poor results of all, of the plodding and sordid crowds I see around me,
Of the empty and useless years of the rest, with the rest me intertwined,
The question, O me! so sad, recurring—What good amid these, O me, O life?
Answer.
That you are here—that life exists and identity,
That the powerful play goes on, and you may contribute a verse.
Bangla Translation:
Oh me! Oh life! of the questions of these recurring,
Bangla Translation:
ও আমি! ও জীবন! এই পুনরাবৃত্ত প্রশ্নগুলির জন্য,
Of the endless trains of the faithless, of cities fill’d with the foolish,
Bangla Translation:
অবিশ্বাসীদের অবিরাম মিছিলের, নির্বোধদের পূর্ণ শহরের জন্য,
Of myself forever reproaching myself, (for who more foolish than I, and who more faithless?)
Bangla Translation:
নিজেকে চিরকাল নিন্দা করার, (কারো মধ্যে আমি সবচেয়ে নির্বোধ, আর কারো মধ্যে আমি সবচেয়ে অবিশ্বাসী?)
Of eyes that vainly crave the light, of the objects mean, of the struggle ever renew’d,
Bangla Translation:
যে চোখগুলি অহেতুক আলো কামনা করে, তুচ্ছ বস্তুগুলির জন্য, এবং চিরকাল নবায়িত সংগ্রামের জন্য,
Of the poor results of all, of the plodding and sordid crowds I see around me,
Bangla Translation:
সব কিছুই যে হতাশাজনক ফল দেয়, এবং আমি যে ধীরগতি ও নোংরা ভিড় আমার চারপাশে দেখি,
Of the empty and useless years of the rest, with the rest me intertwined,
Bangla Translation:
অন্যদের শূন্য এবং অর্থহীন বছরগুলির, যেখানে আমি নিজেকে তাদের সাথে জড়িত পাই,
The question, O me! so sad, recurring—What good amid these, O me, O life?
Bangla Translation:
প্রশ্নটি, ও আমি! কত দুঃখজনক, বারবার ফিরে আসা—এই সবের মধ্যে কি উপকারিতা, ও আমি, ও জীবন?
Answer.
Bangla Translation:
উত্তর।
That you are here—that life exists and identity,
Bangla Translation:
যে তুমি এখানে আছো—যে জীবন আছে এবং তোমার পরিচয় আছে,
That the powerful play goes on, and you may contribute a verse.
Bangla Translation:
যে শক্তিশালী নাটক চলতে থাকে, এবং তুমি তার একটি পদ যোগ করতে পারো।
Paraphrasing
Stanza 1 (The Question)
Oh me! Oh life! of the questions of these recurring,→ Oh, my life! Oh, my thoughts! These same deep and painful questions keep coming to my mind over and over again. I keep wondering about the meaning and purpose of my existence.
Of the endless trains of the faithless, of cities fill’d with the foolish,→ I see so many people who do not have true belief in anything—neither in themselves, nor in others, nor in life itself. There are countless people moving through life without direction or sincerity. The cities are full of people who act foolishly, who chase after meaningless things without understanding what truly matters.
Of myself forever reproaching myself, (for who more foolish than I, and who more faithless?)→ I constantly blame and criticize myself for my own weaknesses and failures. I wonder if anyone is more foolish or unfaithful than I am. I feel lost, unsure of my beliefs, and I doubt my own ability to find meaning in life.
Of eyes that vainly crave the light, of the objects mean, of the struggle ever renew’d,→ I see people desperately searching for knowledge, truth, and purpose, but they do not find what they are looking for. Their eyes are hungry for understanding, yet they remain in darkness. Around me, everything seems meaningless and ordinary. The struggles of life never end—they keep coming back again and again.
Of the poor results of all, of the plodding and sordid crowds I see around me,→ People work hard, they struggle, but in the end, their efforts bring very little success. The results of their labor often feel disappointing. I see people moving through life slowly and tiredly, caught in routines, their spirits weighed down by their daily struggles. Many of them live in an ugly, corrupted way, without joy or meaning.
Of the empty and useless years of the rest, with the rest me intertwined,→ I feel that the lives of so many people are wasted—full of empty, meaningless years. They live without purpose, without passion. And I am connected to them—I, too, feel trapped in this same cycle of emptiness. I wonder if my life is just as pointless as theirs.
The question, O me! so sad, recurring—What good amid these, O me, O life?→ This painful question keeps returning to me—what is the point of living in such a world? What good is there in life when everything seems hopeless, when people around me live without meaning? I ask myself if there is any purpose to my existence at all.
Stanza 2 (The Answer)
That you are here—that life exists and identity,→ The answer is simple yet powerful: You are alive. Life itself exists. You have an identity, a purpose, and a place in this world. Even if everything seems dark and meaningless, the fact that you are here, that you exist, is enough to give life value.
That the powerful play goes on, and you may contribute a verse.→ Life is like a great and powerful drama, an ongoing play that never stops. No matter what happens, the story of life continues. And the most important thing is that you have a chance to play a role in it. You can contribute your own verse—you can add your own meaning, your own story, to this great play of life. Even if you feel small or unimportant, what you do matters. You have the power to shape your own life and to make a difference in the world.
Short Answer Questions
What recurring questions does the poem "O Me! O Life!" mention?
The poem asks deep and sad questions about life. The poet wonders why life is full of foolish people, broken dreams, and endless struggles. He asks what the purpose of life is and why people keep going when life feels empty and difficult. The same sad questions keep coming back to him again and again.
What does the poet mean by "the endless trains of the faithless"?
The poet means that there are many people in the world who have no hope or belief. They do not trust in goodness or in something greater than themselves. These people are everywhere, moving like never-ending trains. The poet feels sad because life is full of people who have lost their faith in something meaningful.
Who does the poet call foolish in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?
The poet calls many people foolish, including himself. He sees foolishness in the people around him, in the way they live without purpose. But he also sees himself as foolish because he keeps questioning life and struggling with his thoughts. He feels like he is just as lost as the others.
Why does the poet reproach himself in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?
The poet feels disappointed in himself. He thinks he is making the same mistakes as everyone else. He sees himself as weak, lost, and without purpose. He keeps questioning life, but he does not find answers. This makes him feel frustrated and sad, so he blames himself.
What do the eyes "vainly crave" in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?
The poet says that people's eyes are always looking for light, but they do not find it. "Light" here means truth, wisdom, or something good in life. People want to understand the meaning of life, but they feel lost. Their search feels useless because they do not find clear answers.
What does "the struggle ever renew'd" represent in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?
This line means that the struggles of life never stop. Every day, people face new challenges. They keep working, thinking, and trying, but the difficulties keep coming back. Life is a constant battle, and people must keep struggling again and again.
What does the poet think of the "poor results of all" in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?
The poet feels disappointed with the results of life. He sees people working hard, but they do not achieve much. He thinks that life does not always give rewards, and people often feel like their efforts are wasted. He believes that many lives feel empty and meaningless.
What are the "plodding and sordid crowds" mentioned in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?
The "plodding and sordid crowds" refer to people who move through life slowly and without purpose. "Plodding" means moving in a slow or tired way, like someone walking without energy. "Sordid" means dirty, immoral, or dishonest. The poet is describing people who are stuck in a dull, unimportant routine, living their lives without making a difference or having any meaning.
What does "the empty and useless years" signify in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?"
The empty and useless years" refer to years that seem to have no purpose or value. The poet feels that some of the time in life is wasted, and it doesn't lead to anything meaningful. These are the years when we might feel like we haven't achieved anything or that our efforts haven't led to success or happiness. It’s a feeling of life slipping by without bringing any real joy or fulfillment.
What intertwines the poet with others in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?
The poet feels connected to other people because they all share similar struggles in life. Everyone faces challenges, doubts, and the question of life’s meaning. This shared experience of living with uncertainty, pain, and questions makes the poet feel that he is not alone. In a way, his struggles and those of others are all linked, making him part of a larger human experience.
What does the poet ask about the good in life in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?
The poet is asking whether there is any real good in life. He looks at all the struggles, the meaningless moments, and the questions that keep coming up. He wonders if life is really worth it. He’s asking, "What good is there in all of this?" He feels lost and wonders if there's any true purpose in all the hardships that everyone faces.
What is the poet's answer to his own question in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?
The poet answers his own question by saying that life is still valuable, despite all the struggles. He says that simply being alive and having an identity is meaningful. Life may be full of challenges and doubts, but it still goes on, and each person has the chance to contribute to it in their own way. This is the "verse" that each of us can add to the "powerful play" of life.
What is meant by "the powerful play" in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?"
The powerful play" refers to life itself. Life is described as a grand, ongoing drama that continues no matter what. The "play" is powerful because it goes on, whether we understand it or not, and it affects everyone. Even though life may seem difficult or confusing, it is always moving forward. The poet is saying that life is bigger than any individual, but we still have a role to play in it.
What is the poet’s advice about "the powerful play" in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?
The poet advises that we should not sit back and watch life pass by. Instead, we should contribute to the "powerful play" by adding our own verse. This means we should live with meaning and purpose. Our actions, thoughts, and decisions matter, even if they seem small. The poet encourages us to participate in life fully, to make a difference in our own way, and to add something valuable to the world.
What does "that you are here" emphasize in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?
The phrase "that you are here" is a reminder of the importance of our existence. It emphasizes that our presence in life matters. Even when we feel uncertain or question the meaning of life, simply being alive and here is significant. It reminds us that our existence is valuable, and we should appreciate the fact that we are part of the world.
What does "life exists and identity" imply in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?"
Life exists and identity" implies that life is real, and each person has their own unique place in it. No matter how much we may question life or doubt its meaning, the fact that we are alive and have an identity gives us purpose. The poet is saying that each person’s life is valuable because we have an identity and we contribute to the world just by being ourselves. This is an important point in the poem: we may feel lost at times, but the simple fact that we exist is meaningful.
What role does the individual play in the "powerful play" in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?
In the "powerful play," the individual plays an important part. The poet says that life is like a play, and every person is part of it, no matter how small their role might seem. Even if we question the meaning of life or face difficulties, we all have a unique role to play. We contribute to life through our actions, decisions, and presence. The individual adds their "verse" to this ongoing play, making life meaningful and valuable.
Why does the poet use repetition in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?The poet uses repetition to express the deep frustration and sadness that he feels. By repeating words like "O Me! O Life!" and asking the same questions over and over, the poet shows how these thoughts and doubts keep coming back in his mind. The repetition helps emphasize the emotional struggle of dealing with life's meaninglessness and the search for purpose.
What tone does the poem "O Me! O Life!" begin with?
The tone of the poem at the beginning is one of sadness, frustration, and despair. The poet starts by questioning the value of life and feeling overwhelmed by the "endless trains of the faithless" and the "struggle ever renewed." This sets a tone of uncertainty and confusion about life's purpose, which reflects the poet's internal conflict and search for meaning.
How does the tone shift in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?
The tone shifts in the poem after the poet’s question about the good in life. After expressing his doubts and struggles, the tone changes to one of hope and encouragement. The answer the poet receives, "That you are here—that life exists and identity," brings a sense of reassurance and empowerment. The shift from despair to hope emphasizes the message that even in the midst of life's challenges, life itself is valuable, and each person has the power to contribute.
Why does the poet describe cities as "fill’d with the foolish" in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?The poet describes cities as "fill'd with the foolish" to highlight the emptiness and meaninglessness he perceives in the world around him. The "foolish" people in the cities represent those who live without purpose or understanding, caught up in the chaos and confusion of life without recognizing the deeper meaning. The poet is critiquing how many people are lost in distractions and don't search for true meaning or purpose.
What does "objects mean" refer to in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?"
Objects mean" refers to things that may seem important, but ultimately, they are empty or insignificant. The poet is questioning the value of material things and experiences that don't lead to a deeper understanding or fulfillment. The "objects" could represent physical possessions or experiences that we chase in life, but the poet sees them as ultimately "vain" because they don't provide true happiness or meaning.
Why does the poet think about "useless years" in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?
The poet thinks about "useless years" because he feels that some years of life are wasted. He reflects on the time spent on things that don't bring happiness or meaning. The "useless years" represent the times when he feels that his efforts, struggles, and experiences have led to nothing significant or lasting. It’s a way for the poet to express his dissatisfaction with certain parts of his life that feel unproductive or empty.
What does the poet offer as a resolution to despair in the poem "O Me! O Life!"?
The poet offers the resolution that life itself is valuable. Despite all the struggles and doubts, the poet suggests that we can find purpose by realizing that "you are here—that life exists and identity." This reminds us that our presence in the world matters, and we each have the opportunity to contribute to the ongoing "play" of life. The poet encourages us to embrace life and find meaning in simply existing and making a difference, no matter how small it may seem.
What message does the poem "O Me! O Life!" ultimately convey?
The central message of the poem is that, despite the struggles and doubts that we may face in life, our existence and identity are important. Life may seem confusing, and we may question its meaning, but we have the ability to contribute and make a difference. The poem encourages us to value our own life, embrace our unique role in the world, and recognize that even small actions can make a big impact. The message is one of hope and the importance of living with purpose.
More Short Answer Questions
i. What is the main theme of the poem?
The main theme of the poem is the poet’s deep thinking about life and its struggles. He wonders why life is often full of difficulties, disappointments, and problems. The poet feels that people around him lack purpose and direction, and he even doubts himself. He asks if life has any real meaning when people keep making mistakes and facing the same struggles again and again. However, in the end, the poet finds hope. He realizes that life has meaning simply because we exist. He believes that every person has something important to add to the world. The poem encourages people to find their purpose and contribute to life in their own way.
ii. What recurring questions does the poet mention?
The poet asks deep questions that keep coming to his mind again and again. He wonders about the meaning of life and whether there is any real purpose behind all the struggles and problems people face. He sees that life is full of challenges, mistakes, and disappointments, and he wonders if there is anything good in all of it. Specifically, he asks, "What good amid these, O me, O life?" This means he is questioning whether there is anything valuable or meaningful in life despite all its hardships. The poet is looking for an answer that can give him hope.
iii. What does the poet mean by 'useless years'?
The poet uses the phrase ‘useless years’ to describe times in life that feel meaningless or wasted. These are years when a person might feel they have not achieved anything important. It could be a time when someone feels stuck, as if they are moving through life without direction or purpose. The poet might also be referring to the feeling of regret—when people look back at their past and feel that they could have done more. It shows a sense of disappointment about time that has passed without bringing happiness or success.
iv. Is age an identity marker? What are the attributes of old age?
Yes, age can be an identity marker because it affects a person’s experiences, wisdom, and role in society. Age can influence how others see us and how we see ourselves. For example, young people are often seen as energetic and full of possibilities, while older people are often seen as wise but also more reflective.
In the poem, the poet does not directly talk about age, but when he mentions ‘useless years,’ he could be referring to the feeling that comes with aging—especially when looking back at life with regret.
Some common attributes of old age include:
Reflection: Older people often think deeply about their past experiences.
Wisdom: With age comes knowledge and understanding of life.
Weariness: Growing old can bring physical and emotional tiredness.
Regret or acceptance: Some older people may feel they missed opportunities, while others may accept their life as it is.
The poem suggests that no matter our age, we should try to make our life meaningful.
v. What do 'sordid' and 'plodding' mean?
Sordid means dirty, shameful, or morally low. In the poem, the poet uses the word to describe the negative and unpleasant aspects of life. It refers to things that are ugly, dishonest, or lacking goodness.
Plodding means moving slowly and without excitement. It often describes people who do boring and repetitive work without enthusiasm. In the poem, it represents how many people go through life without real purpose, just doing the same things every day without joy.
Together, ‘plodding and sordid crowds’ describe people who live dull, difficult, and uninspired lives.
vi. What 'faith' does the poet mention here?
The poet talks about faithlessness, meaning that many people live without strong belief in anything. He sees people who do not believe in themselves, in others, or in any higher purpose in life. This makes him feel sad because he notices that life can feel meaningless when people lose faith.
However, by pointing out the lack of faith, the poet also shows that having faith is important. He suggests that believing in something—whether in ourselves, in others, or in a purpose—can give life meaning. Even though he starts the poem with doubt, he ends it with hope, reminding us that we all have the ability to add something valuable to life.
vii. Is there a symbolic meaning of 'contribute a verse' in the last line?
Yes, ‘contribute a verse’ is a powerful symbol in the poem. It means that every person, no matter how small or unimportant they feel, has something meaningful to add to the world. The poet compares life to a great play or story that is always continuing, and every person has a role in it.
A verse is a line in a poem, and in this metaphor, it represents a person’s contribution to life. This contribution can be anything—acts of kindness, creativity, hard work, or simply living with purpose. The poet encourages people to believe that their lives matter and that they can make a difference in the world.
viii. Do you find the answer section of the poem convincing?
Yes, the answer section of the poem is very convincing because it provides hope and purpose after the poet’s deep questions and doubts. In the beginning, the poet feels lost and wonders if life has any meaning. He describes life as full of foolishness, struggles, and disappointments. But in the answer section, he reminds himself (and the reader) that life itself is valuable simply because we exist.
The poet tells us that life is like a big play, and we all have a part in it. Even if life is hard, we can still make it meaningful by contributing something positive. This could be through our actions, our kindness, or the way we inspire others. The message is simple but powerful: We are here, and that alone gives us the chance to make life meaningful.
D. Pair work: Contractions
Contractions in the poem (like 'fill'd' and 'reneiv'd') are forms where the poet shortens words by omitting letters, usually to maintain rhythm, style, or for poetic effect. Here’s a list of common contractions that could be found in the poem and others like it:
fill’d = filled
reneiv’d = renewed
don’t = do not
doesn’t = does not
I’m = I am
it’s = it is
that’s = that is
can’t = cannot
won’t = will not
shouldn’t = should not
E. Summary of the poem
Summary of the Poem "O Me! O Life!"
This poem by Walt Whitman is about the poet’s deep thoughts on life. He feels sad and confused because he sees so much struggle, disappointment, and foolishness in the world. He notices that many people live without purpose, making the same mistakes again and again. He also feels that he himself is faithless and foolish, just like the people around him. This makes him wonder: What is the point of life? Is there any real meaning in it?
In the second part of the poem, the poet gives an answer to his own question. He realizes that life itself is valuable, simply because it exists. He compares life to a big play, where every person has a part to play. Even if life is full of problems, everyone has the chance to contribute something important. The poem’s message is hopeful and inspiring. It tells us that even when life feels meaningless, we can give it meaning by doing something valuable. No matter how small, our actions, words, and choices can make a difference in the world.
Multiple-choice questions based on the text:
1. What is the central theme of the poem?
A) The beauty of life
B) The meaninglessness of life
C) The poet's existential questioning and the value of contributing to life
D) The poet's joy in the struggles of life
Answer: C) The poet's existential questioning and the value of contributing to life
2. What does the poet mean by "the endless trains of the faithless"?
A) People traveling in trains
B) Continuous struggles and disillusionment of life
C) Endless opportunities for faith
D) People who are devoted to their beliefs
Answer: B) Continuous struggles and disillusionment of life
3. What does the poet mean by "cities fill'd with the foolish"?
A) Cities that are full of wise people
B) Cities filled with people who lack wisdom or purpose
C) Cities with extravagant buildings
D) Cities that are full of people who are religious
Answer: B) Cities filled with people who lack wisdom or purpose
4. What does the poet reproach himself for?
A) For not working hard enough
B) For being foolish and faithless
C) For not traveling more
D) For not writing enough poetry
Answer: B) For being foolish and faithless
5. What does the poet mean by "eyes that vainly crave the light"?
A) Eyes longing for knowledge
B) Eyes longing for truth and clarity but finding none
C) Eyes desiring to see the world
D) Eyes looking for material possessions
Answer: B) Eyes longing for truth and clarity but finding none
6. How does the poet describe the people around him?
A) Joyful and content
B) Plodding and sordid, living mundane lives
C) Wise and insightful
D) Successful and driven
Answer: B) Plodding and sordid, living mundane lives
7. What does "the empty and useless years of the rest" refer to?
A) Years spent in meaningful work
B) Years of unfulfilled lives and wasted time
C) Years of happiness and contentment
D) Years of traveling and learning
Answer: B) Years of unfulfilled lives and wasted time
8. What is the recurring question the poet asks himself?
A) How can I live forever?
B) What good amid these struggles, O me, O life?
C) Why am I alone in this world?
D) What is the meaning of true love?
Answer: B) What good amid these struggles, O me, O life?
9. What is the answer to the poet's existential questioning in the poem?
A) That life is meaningless
B) That each individual contributes to the larger story of life
C) That we should seek happiness above all
D) That life is a series of endless cycles
Answer: B) That each individual contributes to the larger story of life
10. What is the significance of "contribute a verse" in the final line?
A) The poet is suggesting that individuals should write their own poems
B) It symbolizes that everyone has a unique role and contribution to make in life
C) It refers to writing for the sake of fame
D) It indicates the poet's desire for recognition
Answer: B) It symbolizes that everyone has a unique role and contribution to make in life
Summary of "O Me! O Life!" by Walt Whitman
This poem talks about the difficulties and disappointments of life. The poet feels sad and hopeless when he looks at the world around him. He sees people who are foolish and dishonest. Many of them do not have strong beliefs or good values. The poet also feels disappointed in himself because he has made mistakes and has not always been wise.
Everywhere he looks, he sees people struggling with life. Many people work hard, but their efforts seem useless. They live without any real purpose. Life feels empty and meaningless to him. He wonders why he is here and what good life really has. He keeps asking himself this question again and again. Then, he finds an answer. He realizes that simply being alive is important. Life exists, and every person has their own identity. The world is like a great play that never stops. Everyone has a small but important part in it. Even if life is full of struggles, everyone can add something special to the world. The poet reminds us that our actions, words, and ideas matter. This gives life a true meaning.
Bangla Translation (Summary)
এই কবিতায় জীবনের কঠিন বাস্তবতা ও হতাশার কথা বলা হয়েছে। কবি যখন চারপাশের পৃথিবীকে দেখেন, তখন তিনি দুঃখ ও হতাশা অনুভব করেন। তিনি দেখেন যে অনেক মানুষ বোকা ও অসত্। তাদের অনেকেরই কোনো শক্ত বিশ্বাস বা নৈতিকতা নেই। কবি নিজেও নিজের উপর হতাশ, কারণ তিনিও ভুল করেছেন এবং সবসময় বুদ্ধিমান ছিলেন না।
তিনি দেখেন যে সবাই জীবন নিয়ে সংগ্রাম করছে। অনেকে কঠোর পরিশ্রম করে, কিন্তু তাদের প্রচেষ্টা অর্থহীন মনে হয়। তারা কোনো প্রকৃত উদ্দেশ্য ছাড়াই বেঁচে থাকে। জীবন তার কাছে শূন্য ও মূল্যহীন মনে হয়। তিনি বারবার ভাবেন, "আমি কেন এখানে আছি? জীবনের কি কোনো প্রকৃত মূল্য আছে?"
অবশেষে, তিনি এর উত্তর খুঁজে পান। তিনি বুঝতে পারেন যে শুধু বেঁচে থাকাই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। জীবন আছে, আর প্রত্যেক মানুষের নিজস্ব পরিচয় আছে। পৃথিবী যেন একটি বিশাল নাট্যমঞ্চ, যা কখনো থামে না। এখানে প্রতিটি মানুষের ছোট হলেও গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি ভূমিকা আছে। জীবন কঠিন হলেও, প্রত্যেকে নিজের মতো করে কিছু না কিছু অবদান রাখতে পারে। কবি মনে করিয়ে দেন যে আমাদের কাজ, কথা এবং চিন্তাভাবনার গুরুত্ব আছে। এগুলোই জীবনের প্রকৃত অর্থ তৈরি করে।
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