Inversion - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination

INVERSION OF VERBS

Inversion of Verbs (ক্রিয়ার স্থান পরিবর্তন)

সংজ্ঞা: ইংরেজি বাক্যের স্বাভাবিক গঠন হলো: Subject + Verb. কিন্তু বাক্যে বিশেষ জোর (Emphasis) প্রদান করার জন্য যখন Subject-এর পূর্বে Verb বসানো হয়, তখন তাকে Inversion of Verb বলে।

• স্বাভাবিক গঠন: Subject + Verb + Object/Adverb

• Inverted গঠন: Adverb + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb

Note: এটি সাধারণত Formal English-এ এবং জোরালো অভিব্যক্তি প্রকাশে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Rule-1.1: Inversion with Negative Adverbs

যখন কোনো বাক্য Negative Adverb বা নেতিবাচক শব্দ দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তখন অবশ্যই Inversion নিয়মটি মেনে চলতে হয়।

১. গঠন প্রণালী (Structure)

নিচের সূত্রটি মনে রাখলে বাক্য গঠন নির্ভুল হবে:

NegativeAdverb+AuxiliaryVerb+Subject+MainVerb+Extension

২. ব্যবহৃত Negative Adverbs-এর তালিকা

এই শব্দগুলো বাক্যের শুরুতে থাকলে Inversion হবে:

• Frequency (সময়/পৌনঃপুনিকতা): Hardly, Scarcely, Barely, Rarely, Seldom, Very seldom, Never, Never again, Never before.

• Location/Other (স্থান/অন্যান্য): No sooner, Nowhere, Neither, Nor, Little (যখন negative অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়)।

৩. উদাহরণ ও বিশ্লেষণ (Examples & Analysis)

স্বাভাবিক বাক্য এবং Inverted বাক্যের পার্থক্য নিচে দেখানো হলো যাতে আপনি পরিষ্কারভাবে বুঝতে পারেন:

Normal Sentence (স্বাভাবিক)	Inverted Sentence (জোর প্রদানকারী)	অর্থ (Meaning)
You will find such a country nowhere.	Nowhere will you find such a country.	এমন দেশটি কোথাও খুঁজে পাবে না তুমি।
I have never seen such a beauty.	Never have I seen such a beauty.	এমন সৌন্দর্য আমি কখনও দেখিনি।
He seldom goes there.	Seldom does he go there.	সে খুব কমই সেখানে যায়।
I knew little about him.	Little did I know about him.	আমি তার ব্যাপারে খুব কমই জানতাম।
He had hardly arrived when it rained.	Hardly had he arrived when it rained.	সে পৌঁছাতে না পৌঁছাতেই বৃষ্টি নামল।

Questions

1. Seldom — goods returned to us because they are faulty. [RU (Law) 11-12]

A. we do have

B. do we have

C. we have

D. do we

Ans: B

2. Never — do it again. (আমি আর কখনোই এটা করবো না) [KU 08-09]

A. I'll

B. will I

C. I would

D. I will

Ans: B

3. Rarely — anyone using typewriters now-a-days. [CU (D) 12-13]

A. you see

B. will you see

C. you will see

D. you have seen

Ans: B

4. Hardly — entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his wallet. (অফিসে ঢুকতে না ঢুকতেই সে বুঝতে পারলো সে মানিব্যাগ নিতে ভুলে গেছে) [CU (D) 12-13]

A. he had

B. he was

C. had he

D. did he

Ans: C

5. Never — such a heinous crime. (সে এমন একটা জঘন্য অপরাধ কখনোই করেনি) [পোস্টাল অপারেটর-১৩]

A. he has committed

B. has he done

C. has he committed

D. has he committed

Ans: C/D (Note: C and D appear identical in source. Standard inversion: has he committed).

6. Never again — stay in that hotel. (তারা আর কখনো ঐ হোটেলে থাকবে না) [রেলওয়ে সহকারী কমান্ডেন্ট-০৭]

A. will they

B. they will

C. never they will

D. again they will never

Ans: A

7. Never — received law degrees as today. (এখনকার মত কখনোই এত বেশি ছাত্রছাত্রীরা আইন ডিগ্রী অর্জন করে নি) [RU (Law) 05-06, সোনালী ব্যাংক লি. সিনিয়র অফিসার-১০, BU (D) 12-13, CU (আইন) 06-07, (C4) 14-15]

A. Never so many women have

B. Never have so many women

C. The women aren't ever

D. Women who have never

Ans: B

8. — so many people been out of work as today. (এখনকার মত কখনোই এত বেশি লোক কর্মহীন থাকে নি) [RU (ফাইন্যান্স..) 04-05, DU (D) 10-11]

A. More than ever before

B. Never before have

C. In the past, there never have

D. Formerly, there never were

Ans: B

9. — received MBA degrees as today. (এখনকার মত কখনোই এত বেশি ছাত্রছাত্রীরা MBA ডিগ্রী অর্জন করে নি) [RU (ফাইন্যান্স) 05-06]

A. Never so many students have

B. Never have so many students

C. The students aren't ever

D. Students who have never

Ans: B

10. Rarely — seen from water. (পানি থেকে ফুটকি ব্যাঙদের খুব কম/কদাচিৎ দেখা যায়) [পরিসংখ্যান কর্মকর্তা-১৭]

A. spotted frogs

B. spotted frogs have

C. have spotted frogs

D. are spotted frogs

Ans: D (Note: "Rarely are spotted frogs seen...").

11. 'Never before has any student scored so high in the test as she did this year.' means— [CU (D) 10-11]

A. She always scored high marks

B. Other students scored higher than her

C. She scored more than some student

D. She scored the highest among all the test-takers

Ans: D

12. Never before — in an earnest attempt to resolve their differences. [JnU (C) 09-10]

A. have the leaders of the country met

B. the leaders of the country have met

C. met the leaders of the country

D. the leaders of the country had met

Ans: A

Rule-1.2: Not once, Not only... but (also), Not until, Not a + noun এর পরেও inversion হয়ে থাকে। Example: Not a single word has he written since the exam had started.

13. Not only — among the largest animals that ever lived, but they also among the most intelligent. (তিমি কেবল সবচেয়ে দীর্ঘায়ু প্রাণীর মধ্যেই বড় নয়, সর্বাপেক্ষা বুদ্ধিমানের মধ্যেও) [KU (জীব. স্কুল) 01-02]

A. are whales

B. whales

C. some whales

D. they are whales

Ans: A

14. Not only — are the juice and pulp of the grape useful, but various products are made from the skins and seeds. [CU (B) 11-12]

A. Not that they

B. They never

C. Neither

D. Not only

Ans: D

15. —, but also it filters out harmful sun rays. [JnU (B) 06-07]

A. The atmosphere gives us air to breathe

B. Not only the atmosphere gives us air to breathe.

C. The atmosphere which gives us air to breathe

D. Not only does the atmosphere give us air to breathe

Ans: D

16. "Not once has our neighbour invited us into his house." means— [32 BCS]

A. Our neighbour has invited us into his house not once but many times

B. Our neighbour has never invited us into his house

C. Occasionally our neighbour has invited us into his house

D. Our neighbour has not always invited us into his house

Ans: B

17. Not until the Triassic Period— [DU D 03-04]

A. the first primitive mammals did develop.

B. did the first primitive mammals develop.

C. did develop the first primitive mammals.

D. the first primitive mammals develop.

Ans: B

Rule-1.3: Only + সময়বাচক adverb + auxiliary verb + Sub + principal verb + extension. (Only after, only later, only once, only rarely, only recently, only then, only when, only until ইত্যাদি)। Example: Only later did I realize I was given the wrong change.

Rule-1.4: Only + preposition + noun (phrase) + auxiliary verb + Sub + principal verb + ext. Example: Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard.

18. Only by chance — that she had been stealing from us. [কৃষি সম্প্রসারণ অধিদপ্তর (অফিস সহকারী)-১৮]

A. did I discover

B. I discovered

C. discovered

D. ought I to discover

Ans: A

19. — will Mr. Forbes be able to regain control over the company. [DU (A) 10-11]

A. With hard only work

B. In spite of his hard work

C. Only if he works hardly

D. Only with hard work

Ans: D

20. — did Arthur realize that there was danger. (কেবলমাত্র গুদামঘরে ঢুকার পরেই আর্থার বিপদ টের পেল) [JU (E3) 13-14, CU (B) 06-07, DU (B) 15-16]

A. Upon entering the store

B. When he entered the store

C. After he had entered the store

D. Only after entering the store

Ans: D

21. Only after watering the saplings — [CU (F) 15-16]

A. Mina could have a magnificent garden

B. Could Mina had a magnificent garden

C. Mina could had a magnificent garden

D. could Mina have a magnificent garden

Ans: D

22. Only after doing M.B.A. — [CU (C2) 14-15]

A. didn't Mina qualify for the BCS Exam

B. did Mina qualify for the BCS Exam

C. had Mina qualify for the BCS Exam

D. Mina qualified for the BCS Exam

Ans: B

23. Choose the correct sentence. [RU 08-09]

A. Only rarely an accident has occurred.

B. Only rarely has an accident occurred.

C. Only rarely an accident has occur.

D. Only rarely an accident had occurred.

Ans: B

Rule-1.5: Preposition + no + noun + Auxiliary verb + Subject + Principal verb + extension. (At no time, By no means, In no way, On no account, Under no circumstances ইত্যাদি). Example: Under no circumstances are passengers permitted to open the doors themselves.

24. In no way — (আমরা কোনোভাবেই জঙ্গীবাদকে সমর্থন করতে পারি না) [CU (D) 18-19]

A. we cannot justify militancy

B. we can justify militancy

C. can we justified militancy

D. can we justify militancy

Ans: D

25. — no circumstances should you leave your luggage unattended. [CU (B2) 15-16]

A. Under

B. At

C. On

D. Over

Ans: A

Rule-1.6: So + adjective/adverb + Auxiliary verb + Subject + Principal verb + Extension. Example: So suspicious did he become that he didn't believe even his close friends.

26. So quickly — he reached home on time. [JnU (C) 14-15]

A. he ran as

B. he ran that

C. did he run that

D. would he run that

Ans: C

27. — that Nowin was able to retire early. [CU (C2) 14-15]

A. So profitable her investment

B. So profitable her investment was

C. So profitable was her investment

D. her investment so profiting

Ans: C

28. So complicated — that consumers who use a product are seldom aware of where all its components come from. [CU (B-1) 10-11]

A. today international trade is

B. is international trade today

C. today trade is international

D. are international trade

Ans: B

Rule-02: Negative adverb + Clause + Auxiliary verb + Subject + Principal verb + Extension (Not until, Only when, etc. followed by a clause). Example: Not until he got home did he realize that he had lost the book.

29. Not until a monkey is several years old, — to exhibit signs of independence from its mother. [RU (Law) 07-08, JU (F) 15-16]

A. it begins

B. does it begin

C. and begin

D. beginning

Ans: B

30. Not until a student has mastered algebra, — the principles of geometry, trigonometry and physics. [DU (B) 06-07]

A. he can begin to understand

B. can he begin to understand

C. he begins to understand

D. begins to understand

Ans: B

31. Only after food has been dried or canned — [SUST B 08-09]

A. that it should be stored for later consumption

B. should be stored for later consumption

C. should it be stored for later consumption

D. it should be stored for later consumption

Ans: C

32. Not until exhaustive tests have been carried out by the Food and Drug Administration, — [RU (B) 11-12]

A. that an new drug is allowed on the market

B. is a new drug allowed to be put on the market

C. there is a new drug placed on the market

D. a new drug is allowed on the market

Ans: B

33. Seldom — understand her fault while talking to others. [BSMRSTU G 10-11]

A. she could

B. could she

C. had she

D. she had

Ans: B

34. Only after I — home, did I remember my doctor's appointment. [38 BCS]

A. going

B. go

C. went

D. gone

Ans: C

35. — does Jamal forget to listen to the news. [CU F 2015-16]

A. Rarely

B. Scarce

C. Severally

D. Even

Ans: A

36. — have goods returned to us because they are faulty. [RU (Law) 11-12]

A. Seldom we do

B. Seldom do we

C. seldomly we do

D. Rarely we

Ans: B

37. Not until every single reporter — had gone outside — his front door again. [JU 05-06]

A. did Alan step

B. stepped Alan

C. Alan stepped

D. Alan did step

Ans: A

Answers With Explanation: