1. Read the following text and answer the questions A & B.
Conflict can be described as a disagreement among groups or individuals characterized by antagonism and hostility. This is usually fueled by the opposition of one party to another in an attempt to reach an objective different from that of the other party. The elements involved in the conflict have varied sets of principles and values, thus allowing a conflict to arise.
Conflict can be defined in many ways but one of the simplest is that it pertains to the opposing ideas and actions of different entities, resulting in an antagonistic state. Conflict is an inevitable part of life. All of us possess our own opinions, ideas and sets of beliefs. We have our own ways of looking at things and we act according to what we think is proper. Hence, we often find ourselves in conflict in different scenarios; it may involve other individuals, groups of people, or a struggle within our ownselves. Consequently, conflict influences our actions and decisions in one way or another.
Conflict comes naturally; the clashing of thoughts and ideas is a part of the human experience. It is true that it can be destructive if left uncontrolled. However, it shouldn't be seen as something that can only cause negative things to transpire. It is a way to come up with more meaningful realizations than can certainly be helpful to the individuals involved.
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
(a)The word ‘antagonism’ in the first paragraph refers to ——.
(i) a very friendly relationship (ii) feelings of good faith
(iii) feelings of amicable relationship (iv) a strong feeling of dislike or hatred (b)—— are influenced by conflict.
(i) Our behaviour (ii) Our actions
(iii) Our actions and decision (iv) Our daily activities
(c) What could be the closest meaning for 'fueled by' in the second sentence?
(i) added by (ii) supported by (iii) fired by (iv) increased by
(d) 'Hence' is a/an ——.
(i) Adjective (ii) Preposition (iii) Noun (iv) Adverb
(e) What is the main purpose of the author of this passage?
(i) To show the merits of conflict (ii) To show demerits of conflict (iii) To inform about conflict (iv) To show antagonism
B. Answer the following questions.
a. Mention three causes of conflict.
b. What does the expression 'conflict comes naturally' mean?
c. What will happen if the conflict is left uncontrolled?
d. How can we live harmoniously despite conflict?
e. "The clashing of thoughts and ideas is a part of the human experience". Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.
SET-B
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
(a) Conflict arises from ——.
(i) friendship (ii) intimacy (iii) close relation (iv) hostility
(b) The meaning of the word 'antagonism' is ——.
(i) clash (ii) disbelief (iii) envy (iv) sign
(c) The verb form of the word 'disagreement' is ——.
(i) agreement (ii) disagree (iii) understanding (iv) clash
(d) Sometimes uncontrolled conflict can be ——.
(i) useful (ii) harmful (iii) peaceful (iv) blessing
(e) The word inevitable refers to ——.
(i) unnecessary (ii) necessary (iii) desired (iv) expected
B. Answer the following questions. 2×5=10
a. What is conflict?
b. What are the three types of conflict?
c. What causes conflict?
d. How does conflict influence our action and decision?
e. How many parties are involved in a conflict?
Answer:
Bangla Translation
বাংলা অনুবাদঃ
দ্বন্দ্বকে দলীয় মতপার্থক্য অথবা ব্যক্তিগত বিরোধিতা এবং শত্রুতা দ্বারা বর্ণনা করা যেতে পারে। সচরাচর কোনো এক দল থেকে ভিন্ন একটি উদ্দেশ্য বাস্তবায়নের জন্য অন্য দলটির প্রতি বিরোধিতার দ্বারা একে উসকে দেওয়া হয়। দ্বন্দ্বের বিষয়গুলোর সাথে বেশ কিছু নীতি এবং
মূল্যবোধ জড়িত থাকে যা দ্বন্দ্বকে জাগ্রত করে।
দ্বন্দ্বকে বিভিন্ন উপায়ে সংজ্ঞায়িত করা যেতে পারে কিন্তু এদের মধ্যে অন্যতম সরল সংজ্ঞা হচ্ছে যে একটি বিরোধপূর্ণ অবস্থার সৃষ্টি করে এটি বিভিন্ন সত্তার বিরোধী ধারণা এবং আচরণের অংশ হিসেবে যুক্ত হয়। দ্বন্দ্ব জীবনের এক অপরিহার্য অংশ। আমাদের সকলেরই নিজস্ব মতামত, ধারণা এবং বিশ্বাস রয়েছে। কোনো কিছুকে আমরা নিজস্ব দৃষ্টিকোণ থেকে দেখি এবং আমরা যেটাকে সঠিক মনে করি সে অনুযায়ী কাজ করি। তাই বিভিন্ন অবস্থায় আমরা দেখতে পাই যে আমরা দ্বন্দ্বের মাঝে আছি; এর অন্তর্ভুক্ত হতে পারে অন্য কোনো ব্যক্তি, কোনো গোষ্ঠীর লোক অথবা আমাদের নিজেদের ভিতরে কোনো লড়াই। এর ফলে, কোনো একভাবে কিংবা অন্যভাবে দ্বন্দ্ব আমাদের কর্মকাণ্ড অথবা সিদ্ধান্তকে প্রভাবিত করে।
দ্বন্দ্ব প্রাকৃতিকভাবেই আসে; চিন্তা এবং চেতনার সংঘাত মানুষের অভিজ্ঞতার একটি অংশ। এটি সত্য যে একে যদি নিয়ন্ত্রণহীনভাবে রেখে দেওয়া হয় তাহলে এটা ধ্বংসাত্মক হতে পারে। যা হোক, এটাকে এমন চোখে দেখা ঠিক নয় যে এটা শুধু নেতিবাচক ঘটনাই ঘটাতে পারে। এটা এমন একটা পথ যার দ্বারা আরও অর্থবহ উপলব্ধিতে আসা যায় যা নিঃসন্দেহে সহায়ক হতে পারে।
আমাদের পার্থক্যগুলো বোঝার এবং শেখার দ্বন্দ্বকে সুযোগ হিসেবে নেয়া যেতে পারে। দ্বন্দ্ব থাকা সত্ত্বেও আমরা ঐক্যবদ্ধভাবে বসবাস করতে পারবো যতক্ষণ পর্যন্ত আমরা এ সমস্ত লড়াই কীভাবে দায়িত্বের সাথে মোকাবেলা করা যায় তা জানতে পারবো।
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Passage-2
1. Read the passage and answer the questions A and B.
Conflict can be described as a disagreement among groups or individuals characterized by antagonism and hostility. This is usually fueled by the opposition of one party to another in an attempt to reach an objective different from that of the other party. The elements involved in the conflict have varied sets of principles and values, thus allowing a conflict to arise.
Conflict can be defined in many ways but one of the simplest is that it pertains to the opposing ideas and actions of different entities, resulting in an antagonistic state. Conflict is an inevitable part of life. All of us possess our own opinions, ideas and sets of beliefs. We have our own ways of looking at things and we act according to what we think is proper. Hence, we often find ourselves in conflict in different scenarios; it may involve other individuals, groups of people, or a struggle within our own selves. Consequently, conflict influences our actions and decisions in one way or another.
Conflict comes naturally; the clashing of thoughts and ideas is a part of the human experience. It is true that it can be destructive if left uncontrolled. However, it shouldn't be seen as something that can only cause negative things to transpire. It is a way to come up with more meaningful realizations that can certainly be helpful to the individuals involved.
Conflict can be seen as an opportunity for learning and understanding our differences. We can all live harmoniously despite conflicts as long as we know how to responsibly manage these struggles.
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. 1☓5 = 5
(a) Conflict can be described as a —.
(i) peace (ii) agreement (iii) harmony (iv) violent collision
(b) The word "principle" in the first paragraph refers to —
(i) system (ii) morality (iii) belief (iv) law
(c) The word "antagonistic" means —.
(i) amiable (ii) same (iii) conflicting (iv) different
(d) "Harmoniously" actually means —.
(i) amid rivalry (ii) peacefully (iii) affluently (iv) calmly
(e) "Conflict can be destructive if left uncontrolled." What is the best meaning of this sentence?
(i) Uncontrolled antagonism may be harmful (ii) Antagonism is appreciable
(iii) Uncontrolled conflict create friendship (iv) Conflict increases hostility
❤ Extra Questions:
(f) Conflict can be described as a — among groups or individuals.
(i) agreement (ii) game (iii) peace (iv) collision
(g) The word 'characterized' means —.
(i) identified (ii) represent (iii) mark (iv) indicate
(h) 'fueled by the opposition' means —.
(i) assisted by the opposition (ii) encouraged by the opposition
(iii) instigated by the opposition (iv) discouraged by the opposition
(i) The word 'objective' refers to —.
(i) mark (ii) design (iii) target (iv) goal
(j) The closest meaning of 'element' is —.
(i) component (ii) field (iii) part (iv) unit
(k) "We have our own ways of looking at things and we act according to what we think is proper." What does it imply?
(i) We possess a right thinking power (ii) We avoid obstacles
(iii) We do not have any responsibility (iv) We do not bear any power
(l) The word 'define' means —.
(i) outline (ii) delimit (iii) explain (iv) detail
(m) The synonym of 'entity' is —.
(i) thing (ii) object (iii) body (iv) existence
(n) Which one of the following is true?
(i) Conflict always does harm (ii) Conflict comes automatically
(iii) Conflict is an inevitable part of life (iv) Conflict has no influence on our actions
(o) All of us possess our own —.
(i) ideas (ii) opinions (iii) sets of beliefs (iv) all
(p) The closest meaning of 'destructive' is —.
(i) creative (ii) disastrous (iii) harmless (iv) positive
(q) Conflict may influence our —.
(i) actions (ii) decisions (iii) beliefs (iv) actions and decisions
(r) The word 'transpire' refers to —.
(i) occur (ii) leak (iii) chance (iv) rise
(s) The word 'realization' means —.
(i) conception (ii) understanding (iii) appreciation (iv) recognition
(t) The meaning of 'opportunity' is —.
(i) time (ii) hour (iii) scope (iv) break
(u) What could be the closest meaning of conflict?
(i) Proper agreement between two opposing parties
(ii) A situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement
(iii) A congenial situation
(iv) An authentic agreement between two groups
(v) The word 'antagonism' in the first paragraph refers to.
(i) feelings of good faith (ii) feelings of amicable relationship
(iii) feelings of hatred (iv) a very friendly relationship
(w) The word 'hostility' in line 2 can be replaced by —.
(i) enmity (ii) friendship (iii) amity (iv) favour
(x) Conflict is — among groups or individuals.
(i) an agreement (ii) a discrepancy (iii) a contract (iv) a pact
(y) The best synonym of 'pertain' is —.
(i) to relate (ii) to deny (iii) to solve (iv) to reduce
(z) — are influenced by conflict.
(i) Our behaviour (ii) Our actions
(iii) Our actions and decision (iv) Our daily activities
(aa) What could be the closest meaning for 'fueled by' in the second sentence?
(i) added by (ii) supported by (iii) fired by (iv) increased by
(bb) 'Hence' is a/an —.
(i) Adjective (ii) Preposition (iii) Noun (iv) Adverb
(cc) What is the main purpose of the author of this passage?
(i) To show the merits of conflict (ii) To shows demerits of conflict
(iii) To inform about conflict (iv) To show antagonism
(dd) Conflict is — part of our life.
(i) an essential (ii) a unique (iii) an exterior (iv) an external
(ee) The word "disagreement" could he replaced by —.
(i) amity (ii) peace (iii) friction (iv) concord
(ff) ".... pertains to the opposing ideas"–here "opposing" means —.
(i) facilitating (ii) conflicting (iii) supporting (iv) humiliating
(gg) The word "scenarios" stands for —.
(i) plots (ii) contexts (iii) pictures (iv) social interactions
Answer (A):
(a) (iv) violent collision (b) (ii) morality (c) (iii) conflicting (d) (ii) peacefully (e) (i) Uncontrolled antagonism may be harmful (f) (iv) collision (g) (i) identified (h) (iii) instigated by the opposition (i) (iv) goal (j) (i) component (k) (i) We possess a right thinking power (l) (iii) explain (m) (iv) existence (n) (iii) Conflict is an inevitable part of life (o) (iv) all (p) (ii) disastrous (q) (iv) actions and decisions (r) (i) occur (s) (ii) understanding (t) (iii) scope (u) (ii) A situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement (v) (iii) feeling of hatred (w) (i) enmity (x) (ii) a discrepancy (y) (i) to relate (z) (iii) our actions and decisions (aa) (iv) increased by (bb) (iv) adverb (cc) (iii) To inform about conflict (dd) (i) an essential (ee) (iii) friction (ff) (ii) conflicting (gg) (ii) contexts
B. Answer the following questions. 2☓5 = 10
(a) What is conflict? Explain in 2/3 sentences.
(b) What is the significance of conflict in our life?
(c) What does the expression "conflict comes naturally" mean?
(d) What type of opportunity does conflict offer?
(e) What does conflict influence?
❤ Extra Questions:
(f) How is hostility in a conflict fueled?
(g) What things allow a conflict to arise?
(h) What is the simplest way to define conflict?
(i) Why is conflict an inevitable part of life?
(j) What is the result of conflict?
(k) Why does conflict come naturally?
(l) How can we live unitedly despite conflicts?
(m) Is there any positive impact of conflict? Describe.
(n) How are our decisions influenced? Explain.
(o) How many parties are involved in a conflict?
(p) Mention three causes of conflict.
(q) What will happen if the conflict is left uncontrolled?
(r) How can we live harmoniously despite conflict?
(s) "The clashing of thoughts and ideas is a part of the human experience". Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.
(t) Do you find any positive aspect of conflict? Mention if any.
Answer (B):
(a) Conflict means disagreement among groups or individuals characterized by antagonism and hostility. Principles, values, beliefs of people cause conflict.
(b) Conflict is a significant part of our life. All of us possess our own opinions, ideas and sets of beliefs. Thus we often find ourselves in conflict in different scenarios.
(c) A clash of thoughts and ideas is a part of the human experience. Hence, conflict seems to come naturally.
(d) Conflict offers us opportunity for learning and understanding our differences.
(e) We find ourselves in conflict in different scenarios. Thus it influences our actions and decisions.
(f) Hostility in a conflict is fueled by the opposition of one party to another in an attempt to reach an objective different from that of the other party.
(g) The elements involved in the conflict have varied sets of principles and values which allow a conflict to arise.
(h) The simplest way to define conflict is that it pertains to the opposing ideas and actions of different entities, resulting in an antagonistic state.
(i) Conflict is an inevitable part of life because all of us possess our own opinions, ideas, sets of beliefs, own ways of looking at things and we act according to what we think as proper. Thus we find ourselves in conflict.
(j) The result of conflict is that it influences our actions and decisions in one way or another.
(k) Conflict comes naturally as the clash of thoughts and ideas is a part of human experience.
(l) Despite conflicts, we can live unitedly as long as we know how to manage the struggles among ourselves responsibly.
(m) Yes, there are certain positive impacts of conflict. Through conflict we can come up to meaningful realizations. It gives us an opportunity to learn and understand our differences.
(n) We often find ourselves in conflict in different scenarios which may involve other individuals, groups of people or a struggle within our ownselves. Consequently, our decisions are influenced by conflict in one way or another.
(o) There are no fixed number of parties for conflict every time. It may involve individuals, groups of people, within two or more nations or even a struggle within our ownselves.
(p) Three causes of conflict are:
(i) competition to grab resources as much as possible
(ii) imposing ideologies and beliefs by force
(iii) strong effort to grab power
(q) If conflict is left uncontrolled, it can be destructive. It negatively influences our actions and decisions which is very harmful for our society and living.
(r) We can live harmoniously despite conflict if we know how to manage struggles among ourselves and sit for dialogue to ease conflict
(s) I agree that the clashing of thoughts and ideas is a part of human experience. As a result, conflict comes naturally.
(t) Yes. There is a positive aspect of conflict. Because despite conflicts, we can live untidily and peacefully as long as we know the way to manage the struggles among ourselves responsibly.
Passage-3
3. Read the passage below and answer the questions following it.
Beauty is easy to appreciate but difficult to define. As we look around, we discover beauty in pleasurable objects and sights – in nature, in the laughter of children, in the kindness of strangers. But asked to define, we run into difficulties. Does beauty have an independent objective identity? Is it universal, or is it dependent on our sense perceptions? Does it lie in the eye of the beholder? -we ask ourselves. A further difficulty arises when beauty manifests itself not only by its presence, but by its absence as well, as when we are repulsed by ugliness and desire beauty. But then ugliness has as much a place in our lives as beauty, or may be more-as when there is widespread hunger and injustice in a society. Philosophers have told us that beauty is an important part of life, but isn’t ugliness a part of life too? And if art has beauty as an important ingredient, can it confine itself only to a projection of beauty? Can art ignore what is not beautiful?
Poets and artists have provided an answer by incorporating both into their work. In doing so, they have often tied beauty to truth and justice, so that what is not beautiful assumes a tolerable proportion as something that represents some truth about life. John Keats, the romantic poet, wrote in his celebrated ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’ ‘Beauty is truth, truth beauty,’ by which he means that truth, even if it’s not pleasant, becomes beautiful at a higher level. Similarly, what is beautiful forever remains true. Another meaning, in the context of the Grecian Urn-an art object-is that truth is a condition of art.
Poetry in every language celebrates beauty and truth. So does art. Here are two poems from two different times that present some enduring ideas about beauty and truth. The poems are by Lord Byron (1788-1824), an English poet of the Romantic tradition, and Emily Dickinson (1830-1886), an American poet who wrote about the human scene, love and death.
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. 1´5=5
(a) Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word “pleasurable”?
(i) dissatisfaction (ii) pain (iii) offend (iv) delightful
(b) What is the closest meaning of the word “incorporate”?
(i) embody (ii) corporation (iii) incorporeal (iv) intangible
(c) ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’ is written by ——-.
(i) Lord Byron (ii) John Keats (iii) Wordsworth (iv) PB Shelly
(d) What does the word ‘tolerable’ mean?
(i) not so good (ii) bad (iii) moderately good (iv) tolerant
(e) Lord Byron is a ——– poet?
(i) Revolutionary (ii) Romantic (iii) Classical (iv) Modern
Answer the following questions. 2´5=10
(a) How can we discover beauty in our surroundings?
(b) How much place does ugliness have in our life?
(c) What is the name of the poet of “Ode and a Grecian Urn”?
(d) Do you get any definition of beauty from the poem ‘She Walks in Beauty’?
(e) What was Byron’s intention?
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