Cambridge IELTS Academic 6 Reading Test 4 Answers with Explanation / IELTS Academic Reading - Doctoring sales , Literate women make better mothers , Persistent bullying is one of the worst experience

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1.

Doctoring sales  

Question No.	Answer	Keywords	Location	Text
1	v	Offers, doctors, drug companies	Paragraph A, Last lines	"The last rep offered me a trip to Florida. What do you have?" the physician asked. He was only half joking.
2	vi	Gifts, doctors, pharmaceutical companies, financial incentives	Paragraph B	"a pair of tickets for a NY musical", "a car trunk full of promotional gifts and gadgets", "a budget that could buy lunches and dinners for a small county", "$200", "a few $1000 honoraria to offer"
3	iii	Responsible, promotions, doctors, industry	Paragraph C	"so are doctors to blame for the escalating extravagance of pharmaceutical marketing? Or is it the industry's responsibility to decide the boundaries?"
4	ix	Advantages, drug promotions, information, education, physicians	Paragraph D	"provide much-needed information and education to physicians", "primary sources of drug education for healthcare givers", "salespeople have essentially become specialists in one drug or group of drugs"
5	i	Not influenced, doctors	Paragraph E, Last lines	"'I tend to think I'm not influenced by what they give me.'"
6	vii	Research, University of Washington, samples, dispense, prescribe drugs	Paragraph F	"the availability of samples led them to dispense and prescribe drugs that differed from their preferred drug choice"
7	x	Patients, real payers, doctors' free gifts	Paragraph G, Second and third lines	"And patients are the ones who pay – in the form of sky-rocketing prescription prices – for every pen that's handed out, every free theatre ticket, and every steak dinner eaten"
8	NO	Sales representatives, Kim Schaefer, limited budget	Paragraph B	"a budget that could buy lunches and dinners for a small county"
9	YES	Kim Schaefer's marketing technique, criticism on moral grounds	Paragraph C	"Selling pharmaceuticals is a daily exercise in ethical judgement"
10	NO	Information, drug companies, useful to doctors	Paragraph D	"Salespeople provide much-needed information and education to physicians"
11	YES	Evidence, drug promotion, visible in healthcare environment	Paragraph E	"Rarely do patients watch a doctor write with a pen that isn't emblazoned with a drug's name, or see a nurse use a tablet not bearing a pharmaceutical company's logo"
12	NOT GIVEN	Drug companies, free drug samples, patients, doctors' prescriptions	Paragraph F	Mention of "free drug samples," but no information about prescriptions
13	YES	Legitimate, drug companies, make money	Paragraph G	"pharmaceutical companies have every right to make a profit"

 

READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 .

Literate women make better mothers

Question	Answer	Keywords	Location	Text/Explanation
14	B (men and women)	Nicaraguan National Literacy Crusade, teach, illiterate, read and write	Paragraph 3	"By 1985, about 300,000 illiterate adults from all over the country, many of whom had never attended primary school, had learnt how to read, write and use numbers."
15	F (maternal literacy)	Public health experts, connection, child health	Paragraph 1	"Children in developing countries are healthier and more likely to survive past the age of five when their mothers can read and write."
16	C (an international research team)	not previously been known, two factors, directly linked, investigated by, Nicaragua	Paragraphs 1, 4	" . . .. . but until now no one has been able to show that a woman’s ability to read in itself improves her children’s chances of survival." & " . . .. . researchers from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, the Central American Institute of Health in Nicaragua, the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua and the Costa Rican Institute of Health interviewed nearly 3,000 women..."
17	J (family wealth)	as a result, factors, attitudes to children, eliminated	Paragraph 2	"... the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family’s wealth or that it values its children more highly."
18	F (maternal literacy)	shown that, itself improve, infant health and survival	Paragraph 2	"... teaching reading to poor adult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children’s health and survival."
19	NOT GIVEN	about a thousand, women, interviewed by, learnt to read, children	Paragraph 4	Mention of women interviewed but no specific mention of the number who learned to read as children.
20	NO	Before, illiterate women, same levels, infant mortality, learnt to read, primary school	Paragraph 5	"In the late 1970s, the infant mortality rate for the children of illiterate mothers was around 110 deaths per thousand live births... For women educated in primary school, however, the infant mortality rate was significantly lower, at 80 per thousand."
21	YES	before and after, National Literacy Crusade, child mortality rate, illiterate women, stayed, about 110 deaths	Paragraphs 5, 6	"In the late 1970s, the infant mortality rate for the children of illiterate mothers was around 110 deaths per thousand live births" & "In 1985, after the National Literacy Crusade had ended... the infant mortality figures for those who remained illiterate... remained more or less unchanged."
22	YES	women, learnt to read, National Literacy Crusade, greatest change, infant mortality levels	Paragraph 6	"For those women who learnt to read through the campaign, the infant mortality rate was 84 per thousand, an impressive 21 points lower than for those women who were still illiterate."
23	NO	women, learnt to read, National Literacy Crusade, lowest rates, child mortality	Paragraphs 5, 6	"In the late 1970s, the infant mortality rate for the children of illiterate mothers was around 110 deaths per thousand live births... For those women who learnt to read through the campaign, the infant mortality rate was 84 per thousand."
24	NOT GIVEN	After, National Literacy Crusade, children of, remained illiterate, found, severely malnourished	Paragraph 6	"The children of the newly-literate mothers were also better nourished

READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 .

Persistent bullying is one of the worst experiences a child can face

Question no.	Answer	Keywords	Location in the Passage	Text associated with answer and explanation
27	iv	survey, conducted, British primary schools, bullying, persistent	Section A, Lines 3-5	"A survey I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in ten cases was persistent."
28	vi	effect, bullying, children	Section B, Lines 1-3	"Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In extreme cases, it can even lead to suicide, though this is thankfully rare."
29	v	reactions, schools, enquiries, bullying	Section C, Lines 2-4	"Schools would often deny the problem... 'There is no bullying at this school' has been a common refrain."
30	vii	developments, new approach, schools	Section D, Line 1	"Three factors are involved in this change."
31	B	recent survey, British secondary schools, less bullying	Section A, Last lines	"There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying."
32	D	children, bullied	Section B, Lines 3-5	"Victimized pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults."
33	D	writer thinks, declaration, 'There is no bullying at this school'	Section C, Lines 2-4	"Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem. 'There is no bullying at this school' has been a common refrain, almost certainly untrue."
34	A	findings, research, Norway	Section C, Lines 10-12	"In Norway, after an intervention campaign was introduced nationally, an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that, over a two-year period, bullying was halved."
35	policy	most important step, school authorities, produce, attitude, bullying, clear	Section E, First lines	"Evidence suggests that a key step is to develop a policy on bullying, saying clearly what is meant by bullying."
36	guidelines	it, should include, detailed, school and its staff, react, bullying occurs	Section E, Last lines	" ... giving explicit guidelines on what will be done if it occurs, what records will be kept, who will be informed, what sanctions will be employed."
37	(school) curriculum	in addition, action, taken, useful, early part, raising awareness, discussion	Section E, Lines 4-5	"There are ways of dealing with the topic through the curriculum, using video, drama, and literature."
38	victims	effective work, individual pupils, small groups, potential, bullying, trained, self-confident	Section E, Lines 9-10	"Assertiveness training for pupils who are liable to be victims is worthwhile."
39	playful fighting	playground supervision, effective, members of staff, trained, recognise, difference, bullying	Section E, Paragraph 4	"One helpful step is to train lunchtime supervisors to distinguish bullying from playful fighting."
40	D	most suitable title	Passage - Overall	"How can it (bullying) be prevented?"