Cambridge IELTS Academic 15 Reading Test 3 Answers with Explanation / IELTS Academic Reading: Henry Moore , The Desolenator: producing clean water, Why fairy tales are really scary tales

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1.

Henry Moore (1898-1986)

The British sculptor Henry Moore was a leading figure in the 20th-century art world

Question	Answer	Keywords	Location	Text
1	True	he complied, father’s wish	Paragraph 1 - Line no. 4	After leaving school, Moore hoped to become a sculptor, but instead, he complied with his father’s wish that he train as a schoolteacher.
2	False	first year, drawing	Paragraph 2 - Line no. 1	After the war, Moore enrolled at the Leeds School of Art, where he studied for two years. In his first year, he spent most of his time drawing.
3	Not given
4	True	London museums, ancient sculptures, During these visits, power, and beauty	Paragraph 3 - Line no. 1	Alongside ............. Moore visited many of the London museums, particularly the British Museum, which had a wide-ranging collection of ancient sculptures. During these visits, he discovered the power and beauty of ancient Egyptians.
5	Not given
6	False	no other stone sculpture possessed	Paragraph 4 - Line no. 4	Moore became fascinated with this stone sculpture, which he thought had power and originality that no other stone sculpture possessed. He himself started carving a variety of.
7	True	The aim of the group was, modern art and architecture	Paragraph 5 - Line no. 1	Moore’s exceptional .............................. called Unit One. The aim of the group was to convince the English public of the merits of the emerging international movement in modern art and architecture.
8	resignation	resignation from the Royal College, urged to offer	Paragraph 6 - Line no. 4	In 1931, .................. figure. There were calls for his resignation from the Royal College,
9	materials	a shortage of materials	Paragraph 8 - Line no. 2	A shortage of materials forced him to focus on drawing.
10	miners	series of sketches	Paragraph 8 - Line no. 5	In 1942, he returned to Castleford to make a series of sketches of the miners who worked there.
11	family	depicting, produce a sculpture	Paragraph 9 - Line no. 1	In 1944, Harlow, a town near London, offered Moore a commission for a sculpture depicting a family.
12	collectors	Moore’s work became available to collectors	Paragraph 9 - Line no. 5	In this way, Moore’s work became available to collectors all over the world. The boost to his income enabled him to.......demanded.
13	income	a boost to his income	Paragraph 9 - Line no. 6	In this way, Moore’s work became available to collectors all over the world. The boost to his income enabled him to.......demanded.

READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 .

 The Desolenator: producing clean water

Question	Heading	Keywords	Location	Text
14	iii	William Janssen, basic rooftop solar heating systems, developed that basic idea	Paragraph 1 - Line no. 1	"Traveling around Thailand in the 1990s, William Janssen was impressed with the basic rooftop solar heating systems that were on many homes, where energy from the sun was absorbed by a plate and then used to heat water for domestic use. Two decades later Janssen developed that basic idea he saw in Southeast Asia into a portable device that uses the power from the sun to purify water"
15	vi	mobile desalination, from different places	Paragraph B - Line no. 1	"The Desolenator operates as a mobile desalination unit that can take water from different places, such as the sea, rivers, boreholes, and rain, and purify it for ...................... only water source available"
16	v	just sunlight	Paragraph C - Line no. 3	"Its main selling point is that, unlike standard desalination techniques, it doesn’t require a generated power supply: just sunlight"
17	x	two-thirds, world’s population	Paragraph D - Line no. 1	"A recent analysis found that at least two-thirds of the world’s population lives with severe water scarcity for at least a month every year"
18	iv	wide variety of users	Paragraph E - Line no. 1	"The device is aimed at a wide variety of users"
19	viii	venture, social mission	Paragraph F - Line no. 1	"Prices will vary according to where it is bought (Q19), We are a venture with a social mission"
20	i	£340,000 in funding so far	Paragraph G - Line no. 1	"The company itself is based at Imperial College London, although Janssen, its chief executive, still lives in the UAE. It has raised £340,000 in funding so far. Within two years, he says, the company aims to be ........."

Question	Fill in the Blank	Location	Text
21	wheels	Paragraph C - Line no. 4	"It measures 120 cm by 90 cm, and it easy to transport, thanks to its two wheels"
22	film	Paragraph C - Line no. 5	"Water enters through a pipe and flows as a thin film between a sheet of double glazing and the surface of a solar panel"
23	filter	Paragraph C - Line no. 8	"The device has a very simple filter to trap particles"
24	waste	Paragraph C - Line no. 10	"There are two tubes for liquid coming out: one for the waste – salt from seawater, fluoride, etc. – and another for the distilled water"
25	performance	Paragraph C - Line no. 11	"The performance of the unit is shown on an LCD screen"
26	servicing	Paragraph C - Line no. 12	"and transmitted to the company which provides services when necessary"

READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 .

 

 Why fairy tales are really scary tales

Question	Answer	Keywords	Location	Text
27	C	In some versions, wolf swallows up the grandmother, while in others, In some stories	Paragraph 1 - Line no. 6	"You may think you know the story – but which version? In some versions, the wolf swallows up the grandmother, while in others it locks her in a cupboard. In some stories, Red Riding Hood gets the better of the wolf on her own, while in others a hunter or a woodcutter hears her cries and comes to her rescue."
28	B	contain cautionary messages	Paragraph 2 - Line no. 1 end	"The universal appeal of these tales is frequently attributed to the idea that they contain cautionary messages: in the case of Little Red Riding Hood, to listen to your mother, and avoid talking to strangers."
29	F	Now Tehrani has found a way to test these ideas	Paragraph 2 - Line no. 10	"That hasn’t stopped anthropologists, folklorists* and other academics devising theories to explain the importance of fairy tales in human society. Now Tehrani has found a way to test these ideas, borrowing a technique from evolutionary biologists."
30	A	organisms, biologists, phylogenetic analysis	Paragraph 3 - Line no. 1	"To work out the evolutionary history, development and relationships among groups of organisms, biologists compare the characteristics of living species in a process called ‘phylogenetic analysis’. Tehrani has .................... survived longest."
31	E	58 stories recorded from oral traditions	Paragraph 4 - Line no. 4	"Checking for variants of these two tales and similar stories from Africa, East Asia and other regions, he ended up with 58 stories recorded from oral traditions."
32	D	indeed related	Paragraph 4 - Line no. 5	"Once his phylogenetic analysis had established that they were indeed related."
33	F	altered over time	Paragraph 4 - Line no. 6	"he used the same methods to explore how they have developed and altered over time."
34	B	Certain episodes	Paragraph 6 - Line no. 2	"However, Tehrani found no significant difference in the rate of evolution of incidents compared with that of characters. ‘Certain episodes are very stable because they are crucial to the story...
35	C	possible danger	Paragraph 7 - Line no. 2	"‘Studies on hunter-gatherer folk tales suggest that these narratives include really important information about the environment and the possible dangers that may be faced there ......
36	G	eating of the grandmother by the wolf, fear – blood-thirsty and gruesome aspects	Paragraph 8 - Line no. 1	"The answer, it would appear, is fear – blood-thirsty and gruesome aspects of the story, such as the eating of the grandmother by the wolf, turned out to be the best-preserved of all."
37	B	Red Riding Hood in its many forms	Paragraph 4 - Line no. 2	"Tehrani’s analysis focused on Little Red Riding Hood in its many forms, which include another Western fairy tale known as The Wolf and the Kids."
38	D	they won’t stick unless they matter	Paragraph 9 - Line no. 1	"Jack Zipes at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, is unconvinced by Tehrani’s views on fairy tales. ‘Even if they’re gruesome, they won’t stick unless they matter,’ he says."
39	A	it is not always true elsewhere	Paragraph 9 - Line no. 5	"the perennial theme .......... often the case in Western versions, it is not always true elsewhere. In Chinese and Japanese versions, often known as The Tiger Grandmother, the villain is a woman, and in both Iran and Nigeria, the victim is a boy."
40	A	designed to scare us	Paragraph 10 - Line no. 2	"Mathias Clasen at Aarhus ........... and the fact that we seek out entertainment that’s designed to scare us – those are constant,’ he says. Clasen believes that scary stories teach us what it feels like to be afraid without having to experience real danger, and so build up resistance to negative emotions."