Bangladesh is blessed with huge inland water resources / Hakaluki Haor - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC

Passage-1

Read the passage below and answer the questions following it..

Bangladesh is blessed with huge inland open water resources. It has numerous rivers, canals, beels, lakes, and vast areas of floodplains. Hakaluki Haor is one of the major wetlands of Bangladesh. With a land area of 18,386 hectares, it supports a rich biodiversity and provides direct and indirect livelihood benefits to nearly 190,000 people. This haor was declared an Ecologically Critical Area in April 1999 by the Government of Bangladesh.

Hakaluki is a complex ecosystem, containing more than 238 interconnecting beels and jalmahals. The most important beels Chatla, Pinlarkona, Dulla, Sakua, Barajalla, Balijhuri, Lamba, Tekonia, Haorkhal, Tural, Baghalkuri and Chinaura.

Hakaluki Haor is bounded by the Kushiara river as well as a part of the Sonai-Bardal river to the north, by the Fenchuganj-Kulaura railway to the west and to the south, and by the Kulaura- Beanibazar road to the east. The haor falls under two administrative districts, Maulvibazar and Sylhet. Some 190,000 people live in the area surrounding the haor.

Hakaluki Haor is an important source of fisheries resources for Bangladesh. Kalibaus, Boal, Rui, Ghagot, Pabda and Chapila are the main fish species found here. From the Kushiara there are frequent upstream movements of fish towards the beels and tributaries of Hakaluki. The beels in Hakaluki Haor provide winter shelter for the mother fisheries. In early monsoon these mother fisheries produce millions of fries for the entire downstream fishing communities. Floodplains are also an important source of fisheries resources within the area. However, many of the beels have lost their capacity to provide shelter for mother fisheries because of sand deposits from upstream rivers and canals, use of complete dewatering technique for fishing and lack of aquatic plants to provide feed and shelter for parent fish

A.  Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.

(a)    "Bangladesh is blessed with" refers to ——.

(i)  Bangladesh is blessing (iii) Bangladesh is beset with

(ii)  Bangladesh is lucky to have (iv) Bangladesh is a beauty

(b)    The word "numerous" stands for ——.

(i) numberless  (ii) namely        (iii) many         (iv) numbered

(c)   A rich beels in Hakaluki Haor provide ——.

(i) Chalan beel  (ii) Hakaluki Haor         (iii) Dulla beel (iv) Sakara beel

(d)    The beels in Hakaluki Haor provide ——.

(i)  Summer shelter for the mother fisheries

(ii)  Winter shelter for the mother fisheries

(iii)  Livelihood benefits to nearly 190,000 people

(iv) Communication network to 190,000 people

(e)    "—— many of the beels have lost their capacity." ——What does it imply?

(i)  The beels are not capable of providing shelter for mother fisheries now

(ii)  The beels have turned into a mangrove forest

(iii)  The beels are now dead completely

(iv) They are totally useless now

B.  Answer the following questions.

a.       What are floodplains and how are they protected from flashfloods?

b.       The beels in Hakaluki Haor provide winter shelter for the mother fisheries. Who says this? Why does she/ he say this? Give reasons.

c.        How is Bangladesh blessed with huge inland open water resources?

d.       How is Hakaluki Haor bounded to the west and to the south?

e.       Do you agree with this statement, This Haor was declared an ecologically critical area in April 1999 by the government of Bangladesh? Why/ Why not? Give reasons.

Answer:

A. Correct Answers:

(a) (ii) Bangladesh is lucky to have(b) (iii) many(c) (ii) Hakaluki Haor(d) (ii) Winter shelter for the mother fisheries(e) (i) The beels are not capable of providing shelter for mother fisheries now

B. Answers:

a. What are floodplains and how are they protected from flashfloods?

Floodplains are vast, flat areas of land near rivers that get flooded during heavy rains or when rivers overflow. The passage does not mention specific protection methods from flashfloods, but generally, floodplains are protected using embankments, dams, and flood control systems to manage water flow and prevent damage.

b. The beels in Hakaluki Haor provide winter shelter for the mother fisheries. Who says this? Why does she/he say this? Give reasons.

This information is provided by the author of the passage. The author says this to highlight the ecological importance of Hakaluki Haor. The beels act as safe breeding grounds during winter, allowing mother fisheries to produce millions of fries in the monsoon, which benefits the downstream fishing communities.

c. How is Bangladesh blessed with huge inland open water resources?

Bangladesh is blessed with huge inland open water resources because it has numerous rivers, canals, beels, lakes, and vast floodplains. These water bodies support rich biodiversity, provide fisheries resources, and offer livelihoods to millions of people.

d. How is Hakaluki Haor bounded to the west and to the south?Hakaluki Haor is bounded to the west and south by the Fenchuganj-Kulaura railway. This railway line marks the boundary of the haor in these directions.

e. Do you agree with this statement: "This Haor was declared an ecologically critical area in April 1999 by the government of Bangladesh"? Why/Why not? Give reasons.

Yes, I agree with this statement. Hakaluki Haor was declared an Ecologically Critical Area (ECA) in April 1999 by the Government of Bangladesh because of its rich biodiversity and the environmental threats it faces. Issues like sand deposits, overfishing, and the loss of aquatic plants have affected the haor’s ecosystem, making it necessary to protect and conserve it.

Bangla Translation

বাংলাদেশ বিশাল অভ্যন্তরীণ উন্মুক্ত জলসম্পদে সমৃদ্ধ। এখানে অসংখ্য নদী, খাল, বিল, হ্রদ এবং বিস্তীর্ণ প্লাবনভূমি রয়েছে। হাকালুকি হাওর বাংলাদেশের অন্যতম প্রধান জলাভূমি। ১৮,৩৮৬ হেক্টর আয়তনের এই হাওর সমৃদ্ধ জীববৈচিত্র্যকে সমর্থন করে এবং প্রায় ১,৯০,০০০ মানুষকে প্রত্যক্ষ ও পরোক্ষভাবে জীবিকা নির্বাহের সুবিধা প্রদান করে। ১৯৯৯ সালের এপ্রিলে বাংলাদেশ সরকার এই হাওরকে পরিবেশগতভাবে সংকটপূর্ণ এলাকা হিসেবে ঘোষণা করে।

হাকালুকি একটি জটিল বাস্তুতন্ত্র, যেখানে ২৩৮টিরও বেশি আন্তঃসংযোগকারী বিল এবং জলমহাল রয়েছে। সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিলগুলি হল চাতলা, পিনলারকোনা, দুল্লা, সাকুয়া, বড়জল্লা, বালিঝুরি, লাম্বা, টেকনিয়া, হাওরখাল, তুরাল, বাঘলকুড়ি এবং চিনাউরা।

হাকালুকি হাওর কুশিয়ারা নদী এবং উত্তরে সোনাই-বরদল নদীর একটি অংশ, পশ্চিমে ও দক্ষিণে ফেঞ্চুগঞ্জ-কুলাউড়া রেলপথ এবং পূর্বে কুলাউড়া-বিয়ানীবাজার সড়ক দ্বারা বেষ্টিত। হাওরটি দুটি প্রশাসনিক জেলা, মৌলভীবাজার এবং সিলেটের অধীনে পড়ে। হাওরের আশেপাশের এলাকায় প্রায় ১,৯০,০০০ মানুষ বাস করে।

হাকালুকি হাওর বাংলাদেশের মৎস্য সম্পদের একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ উৎস। কালিবাউস, বোয়াল, রুই, ঘাঘট, পাবদা এবং চাপিলা হল এখানে পাওয়া প্রধান মাছের প্রজাতি। কুশিয়ারা থেকে হাকালুকির বিল এবং উপনদীগুলিতে মাছের ঘন ঘন প্রবাহ ঘটে। হাকালুকি হাওরের বিলগুলি মাতৃ মৎস্যজীবীদের জন্য শীতকালীন আশ্রয় প্রদান করে। বর্ষার শুরুতে এই মাতৃ মৎস্যজীবীরা সমগ্র ভাটির মৎস্যজীবী সম্প্রদায়ের জন্য লক্ষ লক্ষ পোনা উৎপাদন করে। প্লাবনভূমিও এই এলাকার মৎস্য সম্পদের একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ উৎস। তবে, উজানের নদী ও খাল থেকে বালি জমা, মাছ ধরার জন্য সম্পূর্ণ জল অপসারণ কৌশল ব্যবহার এবং মাতৃ মাছের খাদ্য ও আশ্রয় প্রদানের জন্য জলজ উদ্ভিদের অভাবের কারণে অনেক বিল মাতৃ মৎস্যজীবীদের আশ্রয় দেওয়ার ক্ষমতা হারিয়ে ফেলেছে।

Ad

Hakaluki haor is a very important resting place for migratory waterfowls flying in from the north. The most interesting species is the Barheaded Goose, which is now hardly seen in fresh water wetlands. Many other important species of waterfowls make the Haor their temporary home. Unfortunately, illegal poaching has been a threat to the waterfowl population in this vast wetland. Hakaluki haor is known as a good grazing land in winter. People from villages around the Haor and also from distant areas send their herds for grazing. During this time, herders make temporary shelters near the beels and graze their animals for a period of 4-5 months. The Haor had very dense swamp forests in the past, but deforestation and a lack of conservation practices have virtually destroyed this unique forest in the last two decades.

Two small patches of swamp forests still exist in the area of which one is in Chatla beel and the other near the village of Kalikrishnapur. With the exception of these two swamp forest patches, the vegetation surrounding Hakaluki Haor is unique. It includes both swamp forest as well as mixed evergreen rain forest. Thatching material is the most useful natural wetland product of the area.

The haor system provides a wide range of economic and non-economic benefits to the local people as well as to the people of Bangladesh. These include fish production, rice production, cattle and buffalo rearing, duck rearing, collection of reeds and grasses, and collection of aquatic and other plants. The haor system also protects the lower floodplains from flash floods occurring in the months of April-May, maintains the supply of fish in other lower water bodies and provides habitat for migratory and local waterfowls.

The unique haor system contributes to the beauty of the landscape both during the monsoon and the dry season. In monsoon, its unique scenic beauty makes it a huge natural bowl of water and in the dry season it becomes a vast green grassland with pockets of beels serving as resting places for migratory birds. This unique natural system can be a major attraction for tourists. 

[Unit-8; Lesson-2]

[Chittagong College- '16; Blue Bird College, Sylhet- '16; Sonar Bangla College, Comilla- '16]

বাংলা অনুবাদঃ 

...............হাকালুকি হাওরটি হচ্ছে উত্তর দিক হতে উড়ে আসা অতিথি জলচর পাখিদের একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিশ্রামের জায়গা। সবচেয়ে মজার প্রজাতি হচ্ছে বারহেডেড রাজহাঁস যেগুলো এখন মিঠা পানির জলাশয়ে কদাচিৎ দেখা যায়। জলচর পাখিদের আরও অনেক প্রজাতি হাওরটিকে তাদের অস্থায়ী আবাস স্থল বানিয়েছে। দুর্ভাগ্যবশত, অবৈধ পাখিশিকার এই বিস্তীর্ণ জলাশয়ে জলচর পাখিদের জন্য হুমকি হয়ে দাঁড়িয়েছে। শীতকালে খুব ভালো বিচরণ ক্ষেত্র হিসেবে হাকালুকি হাওর পরিচিত। হাওরের চারপাশের গ্রাম ও দূরবর্তী এলাকার জনগণ তাদের গরু ছাগল বিচরণের জন্য এখানে পাঠিয়ে দেয়। এ সময়, পশুপালকেরা বিলগুলোর নিকটে অস্থায়ী আশ্রয় নির্মাণ করে এবং ৪-৫ মাস ধরে তাদের প্রাণীগুলো এখানে চড়ায়/ বিচরণ করায়। অতীতে হাওরটিতে অত্যন্ত ঘন জলাশয় বন ছিল, কিন্তু বন নিধন এবং সংরক্ষণ অভ্যাসের ঘাটতি বিগত দুই দশকে এই দুর্লভ বনকে কার্যত ধ্বংস করেছে।

এ অঞ্চলে এখনো জলাশয় বনভূমির দুটি ছোট অংশ বিদ্যমান আছে যাদের একটি চাতলা বিলে এবং অপরটি কালিকৃষ্ণপুর গ্রামের নিকটে। এই দুইটি ক্ষুদ্র জলাশয় বনভূমি ব্যাতিরেকে হাকালুকি হাওরের চারিদিকের উদ্ভিদসমূহ অনুপম। এটা জলাশয় বন ও মিশ্র চিরসবুজ বৃষ্টি প্রধান ক্রান্তীয় অঞ্চলের জঙ্গল উভয়কে অন্তর্ভুক্ত করে। খড় দিয়ে ছাওয়ার উপকরণ এই অঞ্চলের সবচেয়ে উপকারী প্রাকৃতিক আর্দ্রভূমির উৎপন্ন দ্রব্য।

হাওর ব্যবস্থা আঞ্চলিক ও বাংলাদেশের জনগণকে অর্থনৈতিক ও অর্থনৈতিক নয় এমন বিস্তীর্ণ সুবিধা প্রদান করে। মৎস্য উৎপাদন, ধান উৎপাদন, গরু, ছাগল ও মহিষ পালন, হাঁস পালন, নলখাগড়া ও ঘাস সংগ্রহ এবং জলজ ও অন্যান্য উদ্ভিদ সংগ্রহ এদের অন্তর্ভুক্ত। হাওর ব্যবস্থা এপ্রিল-মে মাসে সংঘটিত আকস্মিক বন্যার হাত থেকে নিচু প্লাবন সমভূমিকে রক্ষা করে, অন্যান্য নিচু জলাশয়ের মাছের সরবরাহ বজায় রাখে এবং অতিথি ও স্থানীয় জলচর পাখিদের বাসস্থানের যোগান দেয়।

অনুপম হাওর ব্যবস্থা বর্ষা ও শুকনো উভয় ঋতুতে স্থলভাগের দৃশ্যের সৌন্দর্য বর্ধনে অবদান রাখে। বর্ষাকালে এর অপরূপ সৌন্দর্য একে একটি বিশাল প্রাকৃতিক জলাধারে পরিণত করে এবং শুক্নো মৌসুমে এটা বিলের ছোট ছোট অংশসহ একটি বিস্তীর্ণ সবুজ ঘাসজমিতে পরিণত হয় যা অতিথি পাখিদের বিচরণ ক্ষেত্র। এই অপূর্ব প্রাকৃতিক ব্যবস্থা ভ্রমণকারীদের জন্য একটি প্রধান আকর্ষণ হতে পারে।

A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. 1☓5 = 5

(a) Hakaluki Haor has lost its dense swamp forests because of —.

 (i) plantation (ii) afforestation  (iii) water  (iv) deforestation

(b) What does the word 'virtually' mean?

 (i) practically  (ii) gloriously  (iii)  lately  (iv) later 

(c) Guess the meaning of the word 'evergreen' used in the passage —.

 (i) stale  (ii) perennial  (iii) old  (iv) aged 

(d) The word 'landscape' refers to —.

 (i) countryside (ii) foreign (iii) beside sea  (iv) water

(e) "The haor is a very important resting place for migratory waterfowls flying from the north." – What does it imply?

 (i) safe place for migratory waterfowls (ii) unsafe place for migratory waterfowls

 (iii) danger place for migratory waterfowls  (iv) none of the above

❤ Extra Questions:

(f) The word 'unique' means —.

 (i) common  (ii) exceptional (iii) general  (iv) usual 

(g) Guess the meaning of the word 'protect' —.

 (i) defend  (ii) destruct  (iii) defy  (iv) decompose 

(h) The word 'lower' means —.

 (i) bottom  (ii) raise  (iii) increase  (iv) rise 

(i) The word 'habitat' refers to —.

 (i) dwelling  (ii) breeding  (iii) sleeping  (iv) coming 

(j) "It includes both swamp forest as well as mixed evergreen rain forest. "This line indicates —.

 (i) The haor has both swamp forest and rain forest

 (ii) The haor has only swamp forest (iii) The haor has only rain forest

 (iv) The haor has none of the two forests

(k) Who graze their animals?

 (i) villagers (ii) fishermen (iii) shepherds (iv) farmers

(l) "Barheaded Goose are hardly seen in fresh water wetlands."— In this sentence "hardly" means —.

 (i) usually (ii) often (iii) almost (iv) almost not

(m) The haor turns into a huge natural bowl of water in — season.

 (i) summer (ii) spring (iii) dry  (iv) rainy

(n) The landscape of the Hakaluki Haor looks beautiful in —.

 (i) rainy season (ii) dry season (iii) winter season (iv) both (i) and (ii)

(o) Hakaluki Haor is a — for migratory birds.

 (i) temporary abode (ii) permanent residence (iii) fixed abode (iv) permanent habitat

(p) Which has been a threat to the waterfowls?

 (i) legal poaching (ii) prohibited poaching (iii) formal poaching (iv) legitimate poaching

(q) In winter Hakaluki haor is good for —.

 (i) graze (ii) grazing (iii) grazed (iv) all of the above

(r) The closest meaning of the word "dense" is —.

 (i) lucid (ii) thick (iii) clean (iv) dirty

(s) The word "graze" means —.

 (i) wander (ii) leave (iii) tour (iv) travel

(t) The word "poaching" means —.

 (i) interfere (ii) occupy (iii) bother (iv) neglect

(u) The word "illegal" refers to —.

 (i) judicial (ii) legitimate (iii) prohibited (iv) legal

(v) The word 'destroy' refers to —.

 (i) build  (ii) save  (iii) construct  (iv) devastate

Answer (A):

(a) (iv) deforestation (b) (i) practically (c) (ii) perennial (d) (i) countryside (e) (i) safe place for migratory waterfowls (f) (ii) exceptional (g) (i) defend (h) (i) bottom (i) (i) dwelling (j) (i) The haor has both swamp forest and rain forest (k) (iii) shepherds (l) (iv) almost not (m) (iv) rainy (n) (iv) both (i) and (ii) (o) (i) temporary abode (p) (ii) prohibited poaching (q) (ii) grazing (r) (ii) thick (s) (i) wander (t) (ii) occupy (u) (iii) prohibited (v) (iv) devastate

B. Answer the following questions. 2☓5 = 10

(a) What bird species are seen in Hakaluki Haor in winter?

(b) What economic benefits does the haor provide for the locals? 

(c) Describe the natural beauty of Hakaluki Haor.

(d) Why do the people of distant areas make shelters there?

(e) How is the haor unique in terms of beauty?

❤ Extra Questions:

(f) What does happen in the haor in winter?

(g) What do you know about waterfowls?

(h) What is the reason behind destruction of the swamp forest?

(i) Where are the two swamp forests that still exist?

Answer (B):

 (a) Hakaluki Haor is a very important resting place for migratory waterfowls flying in from the north in winter. The most interesting species is the Barheaded Goose. Many often important species of waterfowls make Haor their temporary shelter. 

(b) The Hakaluki haor provides a wide range of economic benefits to the local people as well as to the people of Bangladesh. These include fish production, rice production, cattle and buffalo rearing, duck rearing, collection of reeds and grasses, and collection of aquatic and other plants. 

(c) The Hakaluki Haor is one of the major wetlands of Bangladesh. In monsoon, its unique scenic beauty makes it a huge natural bowl of water and in the dry season it becomes a vast green grassland with pockets of beels. This unique natural beauty is a major attraction for tourists.

 (d) The people of distant areas make shelters there in winter to graze their animals.

 (e) The haor is unique because it is beautiful in all seasons. The landscape of the haor is beautiful in both monsoon and dry season. In monsoon it turns to a huge natural bowl of water and in dry season it becomes a vast green grassland with pockets of beels.

 (f) In winter the Hakaluki Haor becomes a good grazing land. The herders graze their animals for a period of 4-5 months. During this period the herders make temporary shelters near the beels.

 (g) The waterfowls are migratory birds coming from the north. Hakaluki Haor is the most important resting place for the waterfowls. But nowadays waterfowls are endangered because of illegal poaching in this wetland.

 (h) In the past the swamp forests were so dense but deforestation and lack of conservation practices have virtually destroyed this unique forest in the last two decades.

 (i) Most of the swamp forests are destroyed in the last two decades but two of them still exist. One is in Chatla beel and the other near the village of Kalikrishnapur.

1. Read the passage and answer the questions A and B.

Bangladesh is blessed with huge inland open water resources. It has numerous river canals, beels, lakes, and vast areas of floodplains. Hakaluki Haor is one of the major wetlands of Bangladesh. With a land area of 18,386 hectares, it supports a rich biodiversity and provides direct and indirect livelihood benefits to nearly 190,000 people. This haor was declared an Ecologically Critical Area in April 1999 by the government of Bangladesh.

Hakaluki is a complex ecosystem, containing more than 238 interconnecting beels and jalmahals. The most important beels are Chatla, Pinlarkona, Dulla, Sakua, Barajalla, Balijhuri, Lamba, Tekonia, Haorkhal, Tural, Baghalkuri and Chinaura. 

Hakaluki Haor is bounded by the Kushiara river as well as a part of the Sonai-Bardal river to the north, by the Fenchuganj-Kulaura railway to the west and to the south, and by the Kulaura-Beanibazar road to the east. The haor falls under two administrative districts, Maulvibazar and Sylhet. Some 190,000 people live in the area surrounding the haor.

Hakaluki Haor is an important source of fisheries resources for Bangladesh. Kalibaus, Boal, Rui, Ghagot, Pabda and Chapila are the main fish species found here. From the Kushiara there are frequent upstream movement of fish towards the beels and tributaries of Hakaluki. The beels in Hakaluki Haor provide winter shelter for the mother fisheries. In early monsoon these mother fisheries produce millions of fries for the entire downstream fishing communities. Floodplains are also an important source of fisheries resources within the area. However, many of the beels have lost their capacity to provide shelter for mother fisheries because of sand deposits from upstream rivers and canals, use of complete dewatering technique for fishing and lack of aquatic plants to provide feed and shelter for parent fish................

[Unit-8; Lesson-2]

[Lutfor Rahman Matin Mohila Degree College, Tangail- '16; Cantonment Public School & College, BUSMS, Dinajpur- '16; Sonar Bangla College, Comilla- '16 Chittagong College- '16; Blue Bird College, Sylhet- '16]

বাংলা অনুবাদঃ 

বাংলাদেশ বিস্তীর্ণ অন্তর্দেশীয় উন্মুক্ত পানি সম্পদে আশীর্বাদপুষ্ট। এর অসংখ্য নদী, খাল, বিল, হ্রদ এবং বিস্তীর্ণ বন্যা প্লাবন এলাকা আছে। হাকালুকি হাওর বাংলাদেশের প্রধান আর্দ্র ভূমিগুলোর অন্যতম। ১৮,৩৮৬ হেক্টর জায়গা জুড়ে এটা একটি সমৃদ্ধ জীববৈচিত্রকে ধারণ করে এবং প্রায় ১৯০,০০০ লোকের প্রত্যক্ষ বা পরোক্ষ জীবিকার সুযোগ দান করে। বাংলাদেশ সরকার ১৯৯৯ সালের এপ্রিলে এই হাওরকে পরিবেশ দূষণ সংক্রান্ত সংকটপূর্ণ অঞ্চল হিসেবে ঘোষণা দিয়েছিলেন।

হাকালুকি ২৩৮টিরও বেশি পরস্পর সংযোগকারী বিল ও জলমহল এর সমন্বয়ে গঠিত একটি জটিল বাস্তব্যবিদ্যা সংস্থান। সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিলগুলো হচ্ছে চাতলা, পিন্লারকোনা, দুল্লা, সাকুয়া, বড়জালা, বালিঝুড়ি, লাম্বা, টেকনিয়া, হাওরখাল, তুরাল, বাঘালকুড়ি এবং চিনাউড়া।

হাকালুকি হাওর উত্তর দিকে কুশিয়ারা নদী ও সোনাই-বড়দালনদী দ্বারা, পশ্চিম ও দক্ষিণ দিকে ফেঞ্চুগঞ্জ- কুলাউড়া রেলপথ দ্বারা এবং পূর্বদিকে কুলাউড়া বিয়ানীবাজার সড়ক দ্বারা বেষ্টিত। হাওরটি মৌলভীবাজার ও সিলেট এই দুইটি প্রশাসনিক জেলায় অবস্থিত। হাওরের চারিদিকে প্রায় ১,৯০,০০০ জন লোক বাস করে।

হাকালুকি হাওর বাংলাদেশের মৎস্য সম্পদের এক গুরুত্বপূর্ণ উৎস। এখানে কালিবাউস, বোয়াল, রুই, ঘাগট, পাবদা এবং চাপিলা প্রভৃতি প্রধান মৎস্য প্রজাতি পাওয়া যায়। কুশিয়ারা হতে হাকালুকির বিল ও শাখাগুলোর উজানের দিকে মাছের ঘন ঘন চলাচল আছে। হাকালুকি হাওরের বিলগুলো শীতকালে মা মৎস্যদের আশ্রয়ের ব্যবস্থা করে। বর্ষার প্রথমদিকে এ সমস্ত মা মাছ ভাটির মৎস্যজীবি সম্প্রদায়ের জন্য লক্ষ লক্ষ মাছের পোনা উৎপাদন করে। প্লাবন সমতল ভূমিগুলোও এ অঞ্চলের মধ্যে মৎস্য সম্পদের এক গুরুত্বপূর্ণ উৎস। যা হোক উজানের নদী ও খালগুলো হতে আসা বালির স্তর, মাছ ধরার জন্য সম্পূর্ণ পানি শুকানোর কলাকৌশলের ব্যবহার এবং মা মাছের খাবার ও আশ্রয়ের জন্য জলজ উদ্ভিদের অভাবের কারণে বিলগুলোর অনেকগুলোই মা মাছের আশ্রয় দেয়ার ক্ষমতা হারিয়ে ফেলেছে।.................. 

A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. 1☓5 = 5

(a) "Bangladesh is blessed with" refers to–

 (i) Bangladesh is a blessing (ii) Bangladesh is lucky to have

 (iii) Bangladesh is beset with (iv) Bangladesh is a beauty

(b) The best synonym of "tributaries" is–

 (i) Tribute (ii) Branches (iii) Water (iv) Flood

(c) "Livelihood" could be best replaced by–

 (i) Way of life  (ii) stage after adulthood 

 (iii) Source of life  (iv) Source of income

(d) The word "numerous" stands for–

 (i) namely (ii) numberless (iii) many (iv) numbered

(e) What does Hakaluki Hoar provide to nearly 1,90,000 people?

 (i) A good communication benefit ii) Livelihood benefit

 (iii) Irrigation facility  (iv) Safe water

❤ Extra Questions:

(f) What is the meaning of the word 'aquatic'?

 (i) terrestrial  (ii) small  (iii) big  (iv) water-born 

(g) The word 'source' means —.

 (i) origin (ii) sink  (iii) submerge  (iv) merge 

(h) Mother fisheries produce millions of fries during —.

 (i) late monsoon (ii) early monsoon (iii) pre-monsoon (iv) post-monsoon

(i) About — people live in the area surrounding the haor.

 (i) 18,386 (ii) 1,90,000 (iii) 1999  (iv) 238

(j) The ecosystem of Hakaluki is —.

 (i) facile (ii) ordinary (iii) intricate (iv) shrewd

(k) Haorkhal is a —.

 (i) jalmahal (ii) khal (iii) beel (iv) haor

(l) The word 'complex' refers to —.

 (i) simple (ii) facile (iii) tangled (iv) ordinary

(m) What does the word 'inland' mean?

 (i) internal  (ii) some  (iii) little  (iv) any 

(n) Hakaluki Haor is located in —.

 (i) Sylhet and Hobigonj  (ii) Maulvibazar and Sunamganj

 (iii) Sylhet and Maulvibazar (iv) Sunamgonj and Hobiganj

Answer (A):

(a) (ii) Bangladesh is lucky to have (b)(ii) Branches (c) (i) way of life (d) (iii) many (e) (ii) livelihood benefit (f) (iv) water-born (g) (i) origin (h) (ii) early monsoon (i) (ii) 1,90,000 (j) (iii) intricate (k) (iii) beel (l) (iii) tangled (m) (i) internal (n) (iii) Sylhet and Maulvibazar

B. Answer the following questions. 2☓5 = 10

(a) Why is Hakaluki Haor an important source of fisheries?

(b) Can you mention the surrounding area of Hakaluki Haor?

(c) Why have many of the beels lost their capacity to provide shelter for mother fisheries?

(d) "This Haor is an ecologically critical area"– Do you agree with this statement? Give reasons.

(e) What are floodplains and how are they protected from flashflood?

❤ Extra Questions:

(f) What are 'mother fisheries'? What do they do?

(g) What do mother fisheries do?

(h) What is the economic importance of Hakaluki Haor?

(i) Where does Hakaluki Haor belong to?

(j) When and by whom was Hakaluki Haor declared an Ecologically Critical Area?

(k) How many beels and jalmahals do interconnect Hakaluki? Name some of them.

(l) Give a description of geographical area of Hakaluki. 

(m) What are the main fish species found here?

Answer (B):

 (a) Hakaluki Haor is an important source of fisheries for Bangladesh as it abounds with a lot of various fishes including kalibaus, Boal, Rui, Ghagot, Pabda and Chapila etc.

 (b) Yes, I can. Hakaluki Haor is bounded by Kushiara river as well as a part of the Sonai-Bardal river to the north, Fenchuganj-Kulaura railway to the west and south and by the Kulaura-Beanibazar road to the east.

 (c) Many of the beels have lost their capacity to provide shelter for mother fisheries because of sand deposits from upstream rivers and canals, use of complete dewatering technique for fishing and lack of aquatic plants to provide feed and shelter for parent fish.

 (d) Yes, I do agree with this statement because the haor is a complex ecosystem containing more interconnecting beels and jalmahals.

 (e) Floodplains are an important source of fisheries resources within the area. They are protected from flash flood by creating dam around the area.

 (f) Mother fisheries are definite places in rivers or lakes or waterbodies where mother fishes are kept protected for breeding purpose. Mother fishes stay there for a certain period of time to prepare themselves for breeding and fertilizing their eggs and produce millions of fries. 

 (g) Mother fisheries produce millions of fries for the entire downstream fishing communities in early monsoon.

 (h) Hakaluki Haor is economically important for its rich biodiversity and important source of fisheries as many people live here by fishing.

 (i) Hakaluki Haor belongs under two administrative districts like Sylhet and Maulvibazar.

 (j) By the government of Bangladesh this Hakaluki Haor was declared an Ecologically Critical Area in April 1999. 

 (k) 238 beels and jalmahals interconnect Hakaluki. The most important of them are- Chatla, Pinlarkona, Dulla, Sakua, Barajalla, Balijhuri, Lamba, Tekonia, Haorkhal, Tural, Baghalkuri and Chinaura.

 (l) Hakaluki Haor is located both in Maulvibazar and Sylhet districts. It is bounded by the Kushiara river as well as a part of the Sonai-Bardal river to the north, by the Fenchuganj-Kulaura railway to the west and to the south, and by the Kulaura-Beanibazar road to the east.

 (m) Hakaluki Haor is an important source of fisheries resources for Bangladesh. The main fish species found here are Kalibaus, Boal, Rui, Ghagot, Pabda and Chapila.

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Passage-2

Read the following passage and answer the questions 

Bangladesh is blessed with huge inland open water resources. It has numerous river canals, beels, lakes, and vast areas of floodplains. Hakaluki haor is one of the major wetlands of Bangladesh. With a land area of 18,386 hectares, it supports a rich biodiversity and provides direct and indirect livelihood benefits to nearly 190,000 people. This haor was declared an Ecologically Critical Area in April 1999 by the govement of Bangladesh.

Hakaluki Haor is bounded by the Kushiara river as well as a part of the Sonai-Bardal river to the north, by the Fenchuganj-Kulaura railway to the west and to the south, and by the Kulaura- Beanibazar road to the east. The haor falls under two administrative districts, Maulvibazar and Sylhet. Some 190,000 people live in the area surrounding the haor.

Hakaluki Haor is an important source of fisheries resources for Bangladesh. Kalibaus, Boal, Rui, Ghagot, Pabda and Chapila are the main fish species found here. From the Kushiara there are frequent upstream movement of fish towards the beels and tributaries of Hakaluki. The beels in Hakaluki haor provide winter shelter for the mother fisheries. In early monsoon these mother fisheries produce millions of fries for the entire downstream fishing communities. Floodplains are also an important source of fisheries resources within the area. However, many of the beels have lost their capacity to provide shelter for mother fisheries because of sand deposits from upstream rivers and canals, use of complete dewatering technique for fishing and lack of aquatic plants to provide feed and shelter for parent fish.

The haor is a very important resting place for migratory waterfowls flying in from the north. The most interesting species is the Barheaded Goose, which is now hardly seen in fresh water wetlands. Many other important species of waterfowls make the Haor their temporary home. Unfortunately, illegal poaching has been a threat to the waterfowl population in this vast wetland. Hakaluki haor is known as a good grazing land in winter. People from villages around the Haor and also from distant areas send their herds for grazing. During this time, herders make temporary shelters near the beels and graze their animals for a period of 4-5 months. The Haor had very dense swamp forests in the past, but deforestation and a lack of conservation practices have virtually destroyed this unique forest in the last two decades.

A.      Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.                                              1 x 5 = 5

(a)  The word ‘conservation’ means ————.

(i) congregation                   (ii) satisfaction                     (iii) preservation                   (iv) consolation

(b)  What do you mean by ‘biodiversity’?

(i) variety of plant and animal life in a habitat            (ii) diversity of living beings in various places

(iii) biological diversity of man                      (iv) various plants and animals in various places

(c)  What is the closest opponent meaning of the word ‘wetlands’?

(i) swamps               (ii) marshy lands         (iii) deserts             (iv) boggy lands

(d)  The word ‘inland’ means ————.

(i) frontier            (ii) frontal land       (iii) outside of a country                      (iv) boondocks

(e)  The phrase ‘dewatering technique’ means ————.

(i) water supply         (ii) draining water     (iii) fulfilling water                (iv) demand of water

Passage-2 Answer

A. Correct Answers:

(a) (iii) preservation(b) (i) variety of plant and animal life in a habitat(c) (iii) deserts(d) (iv) boondocks(e) (ii) draining water

Passage-3

Read the following passage and answer the questions 

Bangladesh is blessed with huge inland open water resources. It has numerous river canals, beels, lakes, and vast areas of floodplains. Hakaluki haor is one of the major wetlands of Bangladesh. With a land area of 18,386 hectares, it supports a rich biodiversity and provides direct and indirect livelihood benefits to nearly 190,000 people. This haor was declared an Ecologically Critical Area in April 1999 by the govement of Bangladesh.

Hakaluki Haor is bounded by the Kushiara river as well as a part of the Sonai-Bardal river to the north, by the Fenchuganj-Kulaura railway to the west and to the south, and by the Kulaura- Beanibazar road to the east. The haor falls under two administrative districts, Maulvibazar and Sylhet. Some 190,000 people live in the area surrounding the haor.

Hakaluki Haor is an important source of fisheries resources for Bangladesh. Kalibaus, Boal, Rui, Ghagot, Pabda and Chapila are the main fish species found here. From the Kushiara there are frequent upstream movement of fish towards the beels and tributaries of Hakaluki. The beels in Hakaluki haor provide winter shelter for the mother fisheries. In early monsoon these mother fisheries produce millions of fries for the entire downstream fishing communities. Floodplains are also an important source of fisheries resources within the area. However, many of the beels have lost their capacity to provide shelter for mother fisheries because of sand deposits from upstream rivers and canals, use of complete dewatering technique for fishing and lack of aquatic plants to provide feed and shelter for parent fish.

The haor is a very important resting place for migratory waterfowls flying in from the north. The most interesting species is the Barheaded Goose, which is now hardly seen in fresh water wetlands. Many other important species of waterfowls make the Haor their temporary home. Unfortunately, illegal poaching has been a threat to the waterfowl population in this vast wetland. Hakaluki haor is known as a good grazing land in winter. People from villages around the Haor and also from distant areas send their herds for grazing. During this time, herders make temporary shelters near the beels and graze their animals for a period of 4-5 months. The Haor had very dense swamp forests in the past, but deforestation and a lack of conservation practices have virtually destroyed this unique forest in the last two decades.

A.      Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.                                              1 x 5 = 5

(a)  The word ‘conservation’ means ————.

(i) congregation                   (ii) satisfaction                     (iii) preservation                   (iv) consolation

(b)  What do you mean by ‘biodiversity’?

(i) variety of plant and animal life in a habitat            (ii) diversity of living beings in various places

(iii) biological diversity of man                      (iv) various plants and animals in various places

(c)  What is the closest opponent meaning of the word ‘wetlands’?

(i) swamps               (ii) marshy lands         (iii) deserts             (iv) boggy lands

(d)  The word ‘inland’ means ————.

(i) frontier            (ii) frontal land       (iii) outside of a country                      (iv) boondocks

(e)  The phrase ‘dewatering technique’ means ————.

(i) water supply         (ii) draining water     (iii) fulfilling water                (iv) demand of water

B.  Answer the following questions.         2 x 5 = 10

(a)  Why was Hakaluki Haor declared an Ecologically Critical Area?

(b)  How do you think Hakaluki Haor is an important source of fisheries?

(c)  What are the functions of ‘mother fisheries’?

(d)  What does ‘dewatering technique’ stand for?

(e)  How is waterfowl population threatened?

Passage-3 Answer

1. A. Multiple Choice:

 (a) (iii) preservation         (b) (i) variety of plant and animal life in a habitat (c) (iii) deserts

(d) (iv) boondocks          (e) (ii) draining water

B. Answering Questions:                              

(a)  Hakaluki Haor was declared an Ecologically Critical Area because it is losing its capacity to provide shelter for mother fisheries due to sand deposits, dewatering technique for fishing and lack of aquatic plants.

(b)  Hakaluki Haor is an important source of fisheries as Kalibaus, Boal, Rui, Ghagot, Pabda, Chapila and many other fish species are found here.

(c)  The functions of ‘mother fisheries’ are to produce millions of fries for the entire downstream fishing

communities in early monsoon.

(d)  ‘Dewatering technique’ stands for a system of fishing by draining water completely from the

shelters of all kinds of fishes.

(e)  Waterfowl population is threatened because of illegal poaching in the vast wetland of Hakaluki Haor.