A peace movement is a social movement that seeks to achieve ideals - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC

1. Read the following passage and answer the questions below

A peace movement is a social movement that seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a particular war (or all wars), minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or type of situation, including ban of guns and is often linked to the goal of achieving world peace. Means to achieve these ends include advocacy of pacifism, non-violent resistance, diplomacy, boycotts, demonstrations, peace camps; supporting anti-war political candidates and banning guns, creating open government, direct democracy; supporting people who expose war-crimes or conspiracies to create wars and making laws. Different organizations involved in peace movements may have some diverse goals but one common goal is sustainability of peace. Peace movement is basically an all-encompassing "anti-war movement". It is primarily characterized by a belief that human beings should not wage war on each other or engage in violent conflicts over language, race, natural resources, religion or ideology. It is believed that military power is not the equivalent of justice. The peace movement tends to oppose the proliferation of dangerous technologies and weapons of mass destruction, in particular, nuclear weapons and biological warfare. Moreover, many object to the export of weapons including hand-held machine guns and grenades by leading economic nations to lesser developed nations. The first peace movement appeared in 1815–1816. The first such movement in the United States was the New York Peace Society, founded in 1815 by the theologian David Low Dodge and the Massachusetts Peace Society. It became an active organization, holding regular weekly meetings and producing literature which was spread as far as Gibraltar and Malta, describing the horrors of war and advocating pacifism on Christian grounds. The London Peace Society (also known as the Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace) was formed in1816 to promote permanent and universal peace by the philanthropist William Allen. In the 1840s, British women formed 'Olive Leaf Circles' groups of around 15 to 20 women, to discuss and promote pacifist ideas. The peace movement began to grow in influence by the mid-nineteenth century. The London Peace Society, under the initiative of American consul to Birmingham, Elihu Burritt, and the Reverened Henry Richard, convened the first International Peace Congress in London in 1843. The congress decided on two aims: the ideal of peaceable arbitration in the affairs of nations and the creation of an international institution to achieve that.

A.  Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.

a.       Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word 'influence'?

(i) Effective  (ii) Effect        (iii) Inflation   (iv) Fact

b.       What does the expression 'advocating pacifism' mean?

(i)                 Supporting pacifism

(ii)               thinking of pacifism

(iii)             opposing pacifism

(iv)             hating pacifism

c.        The word 'convened' in the context has the closest meaning to ——.

(i)        To come together to play something (ii) To come together for visiting a place

(iii) To come together for quarrelling (iv) To come together for a formal meeting

d.       The first peace movement founded by theologian ——.

(i)        Kim Jone (ii) Jack Millar (iii) David Low Dodge (iv) Karlos Huper

e.       What does the phrase 'the horrors of war' mean?

(i)                 Dreadfulness of war (ii) Pre-moment of war (iii) Fear of war (iv) Post-situation of war

B. Answer the following questions.

a.      What is the primary purpose of peace movement? When did the first peace movement appear?

b.      Who founded the New York Peace Society? When?

c.      When was the London Peace Society formed? Why?

d.      What is the main purpose of the United Nations? Give an example of the activity of the United Nations.

e.      Mention some of the peace movements described in the passage.

SET-B

A.    Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.

a.       Here 'movement' signifies ——.

(i) party movement   (ii)  students movement

(iii) movement against corruption      (iv) movement against all kinds of war and inter human violence

b.       The meaning of 'violence' is close to ——.

(i) calm order   (ii) brutality (iii) peace      (iv) strike

c.        Everyone wants to get ——.

(i) development        (ii) world peace

(iii) knowledge and power   (iv) honesty and sincerity

d.       'Encompassing' means ——.

(i) surrounding (ii) compromise     (iii) area         (iv) circle

e.       Common goal to all ——.

(i) Banning guns       (ii) developing compromising tendency

(iii) sustainability of peace (iv) stand against developed countries

B.  Answer the following questions.

a.       What is peace movement?

b.       What is the main purpose of peace movement?

c.        What should be included in a achieving peace?

d.       What is the tendency of the developed countries to the lesser ones?

e.       Why is peace movement called 'anti-war movement'?

Answer:

SET-A

A. Correct Answers:

a. Effect

b. Supporting pacifism

c. To come together for a formal meeting

d. David Low Dodge

e. Dreadfulness of war

B. Detailed Answers:

a. What is the primary purpose of the peace movement? When did the first peace movement appear?

The primary purpose of the peace movement is to end wars, minimize inter-human violence, and work towards the goal of achieving world peace. It focuses on promoting non-violence, banning weapons, and advocating for peaceful conflict resolution. The first peace movement appeared in 1815–1816, aiming to spread pacifist ideas and prevent wars.

b. Who founded the New York Peace Society? When?

The New York Peace Society was founded by David Low Dodge, a theologian who strongly believed in the ideals of pacifism. He established the society in 1815, making it the first peace movement organization in the United States. The society focused on spreading awareness about the negative effects of war and encouraging peaceful solutions.

c. When was the London Peace Society formed? Why?

The London Peace Society, also known as the Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace, was formed in 1816. It was founded by the philanthropist William Allen. The purpose of this society was to promote permanent and universal peace by spreading the message of pacifism and advocating for peaceful resolutions to conflicts without resorting to war.

d. What is the main purpose of the United Nations? Give an example of the activity of the United Nations.

The main purpose of the United Nations (UN) is to maintain international peace and security, promote friendly relations among nations, and encourage cooperation in solving global issues such as poverty, hunger, and human rights violations. An example of the UN’s activity is its peacekeeping missions in conflict zones, such as in South Sudan or the Democratic Republic of Congo, where UN peacekeepers help maintain stability and protect civilians.

e. Mention some of the peace movements described in the passage.

Some of the peace movements described in the passage include:

• The New York Peace Society, founded in 1815 by David Low Dodge.

• The London Peace Society, established in 1816 by William Allen to promote universal peace.

• The Olive Leaf Circles, formed by British women in the 1840s to discuss and promote pacifist ideas.

• The International Peace Congress, convened in 1843 by the London Peace Society to promote peaceful arbitration and international cooperation.

SET-B

A. Correct Answers:

a. Movement against all kinds of war and inter-human violence

b. Brutality

c. World peace

d. Surrounding

e. Sustainability of peace

B. Detailed Answers:

a. What is the peace movement?

The peace movement is a social movement that aims to end wars, reduce violence, and promote peaceful solutions to conflicts. It opposes war, militarization, and the spread of weapons, while supporting non-violent resistance, diplomacy, and advocacy for pacifism. It seeks to create a world where disputes are settled through dialogue and understanding rather than through violence and war.

b. What is the main purpose of the peace movement?

The main purpose of the peace movement is to achieve global peace by:

• Ending wars and preventing future conflicts.

• Minimizing inter-human violence in all forms.

• Promoting non-violent methods for resolving disputes.

• Advocating for the banning of weapons, including nuclear arms.

• Encouraging diplomacy, boycotts, and peaceful protests to raise awareness about the horrors of war.

c. What should be included in achieving peace?

To achieve peace, the following elements should be included:

• Advocacy of pacifism, where people oppose violence and war.

• Non-violent resistance, such as peaceful protests and civil disobedience.

• Diplomacy, involving negotiations between nations to resolve conflicts peacefully.

• Banning of weapons, including nuclear arms, guns, and biological weapons.

• Supporting anti-war candidates and promoting laws that encourage peace.

• Educational campaigns to raise awareness about the consequences of war and the importance of peace.

d. What is the tendency of developed countries towards the lesser ones?

The tendency of developed countries towards lesser-developed countries often includes the export of weapons, such as machine guns and grenades. This practice can fuel conflicts in developing nations, making it harder for them to achieve peace. Many peace movements oppose this tendency because it promotes violence and war rather than supporting peaceful development and stability.

e. Why is the peace movement called an 'anti-war movement'?

The peace movement is called an 'anti-war movement' because its main goal is to oppose all forms of war and violence. It stands against the use of military force to resolve conflicts and promotes peaceful methods like diplomacy, negotiation, and non-violent protests. The movement also works to ban weapons, raise awareness about the dangers of war, and support policies that prevent conflicts from arising in the first place.

Bangla Translation

শান্তি আন্দোলন হল একটি সামাজিক আন্দোলন যা একটি নির্দিষ্ট যুদ্ধের (অথবা সমস্ত যুদ্ধের) সমাপ্তি, নির্দিষ্ট স্থান বা পরিস্থিতিতে আন্তঃমানব সহিংসতা হ্রাস করার মতো আদর্শ অর্জনের চেষ্টা করে, যার মধ্যে বন্দুক নিষিদ্ধ করা অন্তর্ভুক্ত এবং প্রায়শই বিশ্ব শান্তি অর্জনের লক্ষ্যের সাথে যুক্ত। এই লক্ষ্য অর্জনের উপায়গুলির মধ্যে রয়েছে শান্তিবাদের পক্ষে সমর্থন, অহিংস প্রতিরোধ, কূটনীতি, বয়কট, বিক্ষোভ, শান্তি শিবির; যুদ্ধবিরোধী রাজনৈতিক প্রার্থীদের সমর্থন এবং বন্দুক নিষিদ্ধ করা, উন্মুক্ত সরকার গঠন, সরাসরি গণতন্ত্র তৈরি করা; যুদ্ধাপরাধ বা যুদ্ধ তৈরির ষড়যন্ত্র প্রকাশকারী লোকদের সমর্থন করা এবং আইন প্রণয়ন করা। শান্তি আন্দোলনে জড়িত বিভিন্ন সংস্থার কিছু বৈচিত্র্যময় লক্ষ্য থাকতে পারে তবে একটি সাধারণ লক্ষ্য হল শান্তির স্থায়িত্ব। শান্তি আন্দোলন মূলত একটি সর্বব্যাপী "যুদ্ধবিরোধী আন্দোলন"। এটি মূলত এই বিশ্বাস দ্বারা চিহ্নিত যে মানুষের একে অপরের বিরুদ্ধে যুদ্ধ করা উচিত নয় বা ভাষা, জাতি, প্রাকৃতিক সম্পদ, ধর্ম বা মতাদর্শ নিয়ে সহিংস সংঘাতে জড়িত হওয়া উচিত নয়। এটি বিশ্বাস করা হয় যে সামরিক শক্তি ন্যায়বিচারের সমতুল্য নয়। শান্তি আন্দোলন বিপজ্জনক প্রযুক্তি এবং গণবিধ্বংসী অস্ত্র, বিশেষ করে পারমাণবিক অস্ত্র এবং জৈবিক যুদ্ধের বিস্তারের বিরোধিতা করে। তাছাড়া, অনেকেই অগ্রণী অর্থনৈতিক দেশগুলির হাতে ধরা মেশিনগান এবং গ্রেনেড সহ অস্ত্র স্বল্পোন্নত দেশগুলিতে রপ্তানির বিরোধিতা করেন। প্রথম শান্তি আন্দোলন ১৮১৫-১৮১৬ সালে আবির্ভূত হয়। মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে এই ধরণের প্রথম আন্দোলন ছিল নিউ ইয়র্ক পিস সোসাইটি, যা ১৮১৫ সালে ধর্মতত্ত্ববিদ ডেভিড লো ডজ এবং ম্যাসাচুসেটস পিস সোসাইটি দ্বারা প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়েছিল। এটি একটি সক্রিয় সংগঠনে পরিণত হয়, নিয়মিত সাপ্তাহিক সভা করে এবং জিব্রাল্টার এবং মাল্টা পর্যন্ত সাহিত্য প্রকাশ করে, যেখানে যুদ্ধের ভয়াবহতা বর্ণনা করা হয়েছিল এবং খ্রিস্টীয় ভিত্তিতে শান্তিবাদের পক্ষে প্রচার করা হয়েছিল। লন্ডন পিস সোসাইটি (যা স্থায়ী ও সর্বজনীন শান্তির প্রচারের জন্য সোসাইটি নামেও পরিচিত) ১৮১৬ সালে সমাজসেবী উইলিয়াম অ্যালেন দ্বারা স্থায়ী ও সর্বজনীন শান্তি প্রচারের জন্য গঠিত হয়েছিল। ১৮৪০-এর দশকে, ব্রিটিশ মহিলারা শান্তিবাদী ধারণা নিয়ে আলোচনা এবং প্রচারের জন্য প্রায় ১৫ থেকে ২০ জন মহিলার 'অলিভ লিফ সার্কেল' গ্রুপ গঠন করেছিলেন। উনিশ শতকের মাঝামাঝি সময়ে শান্তি আন্দোলনের প্রভাব বাড়তে শুরু করে। বার্মিংহামে নিযুক্ত আমেরিকান কনসাল এলিহু বুরিট এবং শ্রদ্ধেয় হেনরি রিচার্ডের উদ্যোগে লন্ডন পিস সোসাইটি ১৮৪৩ সালে লন্ডনে প্রথম আন্তর্জাতিক শান্তি কংগ্রেস আহ্বান করে। কংগ্রেস দুটি লক্ষ্য নির্ধারণ করে: জাতিগত বিষয়ে শান্তিপূর্ণ সালিশের আদর্শ এবং তা অর্জনের জন্য একটি আন্তর্জাতিক প্রতিষ্ঠান তৈরি করা।

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1. Read the following passage and answer the questions A and B.

A most important truth, which we are apt to forget, is that a teacher can never truly teach unless he; is still learning himself. A lamp can never light another lamp unless it continues to burn its own flame. The teacher who has come to the end of his subject, who has no living traffic with his! knowledge, but merely repeats his lessons to his students, can only load their minds; he cannot quicken them. Truth not only must inform but inspire. If the inspiration dies out, and the information only accumulates, then truth loses its infinity. The greater part of our learning in the schools has been waste because, for most of our teachers, their subjects are like dead specimens of once living things, with which they have a learned acquaintance, but no communication of life and love.

A.             Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.     1×5 = 5

(a)             The word ‘apt’ mentioned in the very first line means.

(i)  encouraged (ii) ready

(iii) suitable   (iv) courageous

(b)             A teacher can’t teach the students if he himself ¾

(i)  learns                (ii) does not learn

(iii) does not teach (iv) is found in imparting lessons

(c)             What does the word ‘accumulate’ in the passage refer to?

(i)  disperse   (ii) expend

(iii) jumble    (iv) gather

(d)             Which of the following statements is true about truth?

(i)  Truth inspires one. (ii) Truth is unnecessary.

(iii) Truth is not important. (iv) Truth should be ignored.

(e)             What does the word ‘inform’ in the passage refer to?

(i)  introduce  (ii) observe

(iii) convey   (iv) uniform

B.              Answer the following questions.          2×5 = 10

(a)             What are we apt to forget?

(b)             ‘A lamp can never light another lamp unless it continues to burn its own flame’. Explain,

(c)             Do you think that a teacher should have living traffic with his knowledge? Give reasons for your answer

(d)             How does truth lose its infinity?

(e)             Why has the greater part of our learning in the schools been waste?

Answer:

A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

(a) The word ‘apt’ mentioned in the very first line means:(ii) ready

(b) A teacher can’t teach the students if he himself —(ii) does not learn

(c) What does the word ‘accumulate’ in the passage refer to?(iv) gather

(d) Which of the following statements is true about truth?(i) Truth inspires one.

(e) What does the word ‘inform’ in the passage refer to?(iii) convey

B. Answer the following questions:

(a) What are we apt to forget?We are apt to forget that a teacher can never truly teach unless he is still learning himself. Continuous learning is essential for a teacher to inspire and effectively educate students.

(b) ‘A lamp can never light another lamp unless it continues to burn its own flame.’ Explain.This statement means that just like a lamp cannot light another lamp without its own flame, a teacher cannot inspire or educate students unless he keeps his own knowledge alive and fresh. A teacher must continue learning and growing to effectively enlighten others.

(c) Do you think that a teacher should have living traffic with his knowledge? Give reasons for your answer.Yes, a teacher should have living traffic with his knowledge. This means that the teacher should actively engage with, update, and deepen their understanding of the subject. When a teacher is passionate and constantly learning, they can inspire students, make lessons interesting, and encourage critical thinking rather than just delivering memorized facts.

(d) How does truth lose its infinity?Truth loses its infinity when it stops inspiring and only serves as accumulated information. If knowledge is treated as something static and lifeless, without passion or deeper understanding, it loses its timeless value and becomes just a collection of facts without meaning or relevance.

(e) Why has the greater part of our learning in the schools been waste?The greater part of our learning in schools has been waste because many teachers treat their subjects as dead, lifeless facts rather than living knowledge. They lack passion and genuine engagement with their subjects, leading to uninspired teaching that fails to spark curiosity or deep understanding in students.