Search Results

Introduction to IELTS ­­­ IDEA BUILDERS F OR IELTS FOLLOWING ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR IELTS Click on the following topics to get more ideas: ​ 1. ARCHITECTURE, H OUSI NG , BUILDING 2. ARTS, CULTURE, TRADITION, HISTORY, MUSEUMS 3. BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING 4. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT, LAW 5. EDUCATION, STU DENTS 6. ENTERTAINMENT, M USIC, HOBBY, HOLIDAY 7. ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS 8. FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHIL DREN 9. FO OD 10. GENDER ISSUES 11. GLOBAL ISSUES, GLOBALIZATION 12. GOVERNMENT 13. HEALTH 14. LANGUAGE 15. MEDIA 16. SCIENCE AND TEC HNOLOGY 17. SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TRENDS 18. SPORTS 19. TRANSPORT, TRAFFIC 20. TRAVEL, TOURISM 21. WORK 22. ABSTRACT IDEAS/OTHERS WELCOME TO BABAR IELTS All Videos Play Video Play Video 04:18 The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL It is the first video of 22 video series. Here we have introduced the the topics that we are going to discuss in our upcoming videos.Hope you will watch those videos and get necessary ideas for IELTS /TOEFL examination. You won't need any more ideas for your exam if you know these! ALL IMPORTANT TOPICS for IELTS 1. ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING, BUILDING 2. ARTS, CULTURE, TRADITION, HISTORY, MUSEUMS 3. BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING 4. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT, LAW 5. EDUCATION, STUDENTS 6. ENTERTAINMENT, MUSIC, HOBBY, HOLIDAY 7. ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS 8. FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN 9. FOOD 10. GENDER ISSUES 11. GLOBAL ISSUES, GLOBALIZATION 12. GOVERNMENT 13. HEALTH 14. LANGUAGE 15. MEDIA 16. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 17. SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TRENDS 18. SPORTS 19. TRANSPORT, TRAFFIC 20. TRAVEL, TOURISM 21. WORK 22. ABSTRACT IDEAS/OTHERS In this video we have discussed the main topics of our idea builders. This video will help you to generate clear ideas about the topics. Surely using these ideas, you will be able to speak or write better in the Examination. From my experience I can confirm you that you won’t need more ideas other than these. If you watch 22 videos on all important topics, you will be able to generate ideas whatever topics you are given in IELTS/TOEFL examination. I recommend you watch the videos more than once and keep track of the ideas in your notebook. If you expand these ideas with examples in your writing , surely you will achieve better score. So, watch all the videos and get ready for your examination without fail. Link of the other idea building videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we-2uYnmLdk&t=1966s 8. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2iubJRen0&t=35s 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kapdcSQgRJs&t=541s 10. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GENDER ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xxjRIylUzU&t=47s 11 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GLOBAL ISSUES , GLOBALIZATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfzHibOQoIA 12 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GOVERNMENT RELATED ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07uOj7XDqvk&t=1s 13 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-HEALTH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-ui7BAD5rg&t=905s 14. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-LANGUAGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lan7o43wSug&t=235s 15 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-MEDIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zggy7D2ZsHE&t=3s 16 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz9hyrYkF44&t=1146s 17 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TREND https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6Ay7qOZ_io&t=1427s 18 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SPORTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVQAewq2V6s&t=5s 19. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK- TRANSPORT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aehkEJhEseU&t=165s 20 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-TRAVEL AND TOURISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2nQ2bvccc0&t=3s 21 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-WORK, JOB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k398uLkPos8&t=64s 22. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ABSTRACT IDEAS (HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qygnqOqdXTQ Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Play Video Play Video 11:39 1. IELTS, TOEFL IDEA BANK-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING It is the second video of 22 video series. Here we have discussed Architecture, Housing, Building.In this video we have discussed the main ideas of our 6th topic ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC. This video will help you to generate clear ideas about the topic. Surely using these ideas, you will be able to speak or write better in the Examination. From my experience I can confirm you that you won’t need more ideas other than these. If you watch 22 videos on all important topics, you will be able to generate ideas whatever topics you are given in IELTS/TOEFL examination. I recommend you watch the videos more than once and keep track of the ideas in your notebook. If you expand these ideas with examples in your writing , surely you will achieve better score. So, watch all the videos and get ready for your examination without fail. Link of the other idea building videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we-2uYnmLdk&t=1966s 8. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2iubJRen0&t=35s 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kapdcSQgRJs&t=541s 10. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GENDER ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xxjRIylUzU&t=47s 11 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GLOBAL ISSUES , GLOBALIZATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfzHibOQoIA 12 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GOVERNMENT RELATED ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07uOj7XDqvk&t=1s 13 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-HEALTH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-ui7BAD5rg&t=905s 14. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-LANGUAGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lan7o43wSug&t=235s 15 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-MEDIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zggy7D2ZsHE&t=3s 16 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz9hyrYkF44&t=1146s 17 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TREND https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6Ay7qOZ_io&t=1427s 18 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SPORTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVQAewq2V6s&t=5s 19. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK- TRANSPORT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aehkEJhEseU&t=165s 20 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-TRAVEL AND TOURISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2nQ2bvccc0&t=3s 21 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-WORK, JOB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k398uLkPos8&t=64s 22. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ABSTRACT IDEAS (HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qygnqOqdXTQ Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Play Video Play Video 30:39 2. IELTS, TOEFL IDEA BANK- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS This is the 3rd Video of the most important topics for IELTS. Link of the other idea building videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we-2uYnmLdk&t=1966s 8. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2iubJRen0&t=35s 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kapdcSQgRJs&t=541s 10. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GENDER ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xxjRIylUzU&t=47s 11 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GLOBAL ISSUES , GLOBALIZATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfzHibOQoIA 12 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GOVERNMENT RELATED ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07uOj7XDqvk&t=1s 13 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-HEALTH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-ui7BAD5rg&t=905s 14. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-LANGUAGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lan7o43wSug&t=235s 15 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-MEDIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zggy7D2ZsHE&t=3s 16 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz9hyrYkF44&t=1146s 17 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TREND https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6Ay7qOZ_io&t=1427s 18 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SPORTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVQAewq2V6s&t=5s 19. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK- TRANSPORT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aehkEJhEseU&t=165s 20 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-TRAVEL AND TOURISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2nQ2bvccc0&t=3s 21 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-WORK, JOB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k398uLkPos8&t=64s 22. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ABSTRACT IDEAS (HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qygnqOqdXTQ Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Play Video Play Video 18:26 3. IELTS,TOEFL IDEA BANK- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING In this video we have discussed the main ideas of our 3rd topic BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING. Link of the other idea building videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we-2uYnmLdk&t=1966s 8. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2iubJRen0&t=35s 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kapdcSQgRJs&t=541s 10. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GENDER ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xxjRIylUzU&t=47s 11 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GLOBAL ISSUES , GLOBALIZATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfzHibOQoIA 12 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GOVERNMENT RELATED ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07uOj7XDqvk&t=1s 13 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-HEALTH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-ui7BAD5rg&t=905s 14. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-LANGUAGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lan7o43wSug&t=235s 15 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-MEDIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zggy7D2ZsHE&t=3s 16 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz9hyrYkF44&t=1146s 17 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TREND https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6Ay7qOZ_io&t=1427s 18 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SPORTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVQAewq2V6s&t=5s 19. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK- TRANSPORT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aehkEJhEseU&t=165s 20 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-TRAVEL AND TOURISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2nQ2bvccc0&t=3s 21 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-WORK, JOB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k398uLkPos8&t=64s 22. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ABSTRACT IDEAS (HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qygnqOqdXTQ Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Play Video Play Video 17:29 4. IELTS TOEFL IDEA BANK-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW In this video we have discussed the main ideas of our 4th topic CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW Link of the other idea building videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we-2uYnmLdk&t=1966s 8. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2iubJRen0&t=35s 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kapdcSQgRJs&t=541s 10. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GENDER ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xxjRIylUzU&t=47s 11 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GLOBAL ISSUES , GLOBALIZATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfzHibOQoIA 12 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GOVERNMENT RELATED ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07uOj7XDqvk&t=1s 13 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-HEALTH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-ui7BAD5rg&t=905s 14. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-LANGUAGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lan7o43wSug&t=235s 15 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-MEDIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zggy7D2ZsHE&t=3s 16 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz9hyrYkF44&t=1146s 17 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TREND https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6Ay7qOZ_io&t=1427s 18 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SPORTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVQAewq2V6s&t=5s 19. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK- TRANSPORT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aehkEJhEseU&t=165s 20 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-TRAVEL AND TOURISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2nQ2bvccc0&t=3s 21 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-WORK, JOB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k398uLkPos8&t=64s 22. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ABSTRACT IDEAS (HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qygnqOqdXTQ Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Play Video Play Video 36:39 5. IELTS, TOEFL IDEA BANK-Education, Student and Study In this video we have discussed the main ideas of our 5th topic Education, Student Link of the other idea building videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we-2uYnmLdk&t=1966s 8. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2iubJRen0&t=35s 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kapdcSQgRJs&t=541s 10. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GENDER ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xxjRIylUzU&t=47s 11 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GLOBAL ISSUES , GLOBALIZATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfzHibOQoIA 12 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GOVERNMENT RELATED ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07uOj7XDqvk&t=1s 13 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-HEALTH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-ui7BAD5rg&t=905s 14. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-LANGUAGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lan7o43wSug&t=235s 15 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-MEDIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zggy7D2ZsHE&t=3s 16 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz9hyrYkF44&t=1146s 17 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TREND https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6Ay7qOZ_io&t=1427s 18 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SPORTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVQAewq2V6s&t=5s 19. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK- TRANSPORT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aehkEJhEseU&t=165s 20 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-TRAVEL AND TOURISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2nQ2bvccc0&t=3s 21 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-WORK, JOB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k398uLkPos8&t=64s 22. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ABSTRACT IDEAS (HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qygnqOqdXTQ Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Play Video Play Video 10:48 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC In this video we have discussed the main ideas of our 6th topic ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC. This video will help you to generate clear ideas about the topic. Surely using these ideas, you will be able to speak or write better in the Examination. From my experience I can confirm you that you won’t need more ideas other than these. If you watch 22 videos on all important topics, you will be able to generate ideas whatever topics you are given in IELTS/TOEFL examination. I recommend you watch the videos more than once and keep track of the ideas in your notebook. If you expand these ideas with examples in your writing , surely you will achieve better score. So, watch all the videos and get ready for your examination without fail. Link of the videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Play Video Play Video 36:39 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS In this video we have discussed the main ideas of our 7th topic ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS . This video will help you to generate clear ideas about the topic. Surely using these ideas, you will be able to speak or write better in the Examination. From my experience I can confirm you that you won’t need more ideas other than these. If you watch 22 videos on all important topics, you will be able to generate ideas whatever topics you are given in IELTS/TOEFL examination. I recommend you watch the videos more than once and keep track of the ideas in your notebook. If you expand these ideas with examples in your writing , surely you will achieve better score. So, watch all the videos and get ready for your examination without fail. Link of the other idea building videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we-2uYnmLdk&t=1966s 8. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2iubJRen0&t=35s 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kapdcSQgRJs&t=541s 10. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GENDER ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xxjRIylUzU&t=47s 11 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GLOBAL ISSUES , GLOBALIZATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfzHibOQoIA 12 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GOVERNMENT RELATED ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07uOj7XDqvk&t=1s 13 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-HEALTH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-ui7BAD5rg&t=905s 14. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-LANGUAGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lan7o43wSug&t=235s 15 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-MEDIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zggy7D2ZsHE&t=3s 16 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz9hyrYkF44&t=1146s 17 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TREND https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6Ay7qOZ_io&t=1427s 18 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SPORTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVQAewq2V6s&t=5s 19. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK- TRANSPORT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aehkEJhEseU&t=165s 20 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-TRAVEL AND TOURISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2nQ2bvccc0&t=3s 21 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-WORK, JOB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k398uLkPos8&t=64s 22. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ABSTRACT IDEAS (HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qygnqOqdXTQ Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Play Video Play Video 18:02 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD In this video we have discussed the main ideas of our 9th topic -FOOD. This video will help you to generate clear ideas about the topic. Surely using these ideas, you will be able to speak or write better in the Examination. From my experience I can confirm you that you won’t need more ideas other than these. If you watch 22 videos on all important topics, you will be able to generate ideas whatever topics you are given in IELTS/TOEFL examination. I recommend you watch the videos more than once and keep track of the ideas in your notebook. If you expand these ideas with examples in your writing , surely you will achieve better score. So, watch all the videos and get ready for your examination without fail. Link of the other idea building videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we-2uYnmLdk&t=1966s 8. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2iubJRen0&t=35s 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kapdcSQgRJs&t=541s 10. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GENDER ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xxjRIylUzU&t=47s 11 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GLOBAL ISSUES , GLOBALIZATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfzHibOQoIA 12 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GOVERNMENT RELATED ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07uOj7XDqvk&t=1s 13 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-HEALTH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-ui7BAD5rg&t=905s 14. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-LANGUAGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lan7o43wSug&t=235s 15 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-MEDIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zggy7D2ZsHE&t=3s 16 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz9hyrYkF44&t=1146s 17 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TREND https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6Ay7qOZ_io&t=1427s 18 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SPORTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVQAewq2V6s&t=5s 19. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK- TRANSPORT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aehkEJhEseU&t=165s 20 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-TRAVEL AND TOURISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2nQ2bvccc0&t=3s 21 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-WORK, JOB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k398uLkPos8&t=64s 22. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ABSTRACT IDEAS (HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qygnqOqdXTQ Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Load More Naturally Curious

Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Conditional Exercise 4.1 Use (first / second / third conditionals) ​ 1. (First conditional) If we (not / work) harder, we (not pass) the exam. 2. (Third conditional) If the students (not be) late for the exam, they (pass). 3. (Third conditional) If the weather (not be) so cold, we (go) to the beach. 4. (Second conditional) If she (have) her laptop with her, she (email) me. 5. (First conditional) If she (not go) to the meeting, I (not go) either. 6. (Third conditional) If the baby (sleep) better last night, I (not be) so tired. 7. (First conditional) If the teacher (give) us lots of homework this weekend, I (not be) happy. 8. (Second conditional) If Lucy _ (have) enough time, she (travel) more. 9. (First conditional) If the children (not eat) soon, they (be) grumpy. 10. (First conditional) If I (not go) to bed soon, I (be) tired in the morning. 11. (Second conditional) If I (want) a new car, I (buy) one. 12. (Second conditional) If José (not speak) good French, he (not move) to Paris. 13. (First conditional) If John (drink) too much coffee, he (get) ill. 14. (Third conditional) If we (tidy) our flat, we (not lose) our keys. 15. (Third conditional) If Luke (not send) flowers to his mother, she (not be) happy. 16. (Second conditional) If the children (be) in bed, I (be able to) have a bath. 17. (Second conditional) If you (not be) so stubborn, we (not have) so many arguments! 18. (Third conditional) If Julie (not go) to Sweden, she (go) to Germany. 19. (First conditional) If she (go) to the library, she (study) more. 20. (Third conditional) If we (not have) an argument, we (not be) late. 21. (Second conditional) If you (arrive) early, it (be) less stressful. 22. (Third conditional) If I _ (not go) to the party, I (not meet) Amanda. 23. (Second conditional) If Julie (like) chocolate, I (give) her some. 24. (Second conditional) If Luke (live) in the UK, I (see) him more often. 25. (Third conditional) If the children (not eat) all that chocolate, they (feel) sick. 26. (First conditional) If they (not / arrive) soon, we (be) late. 27. (Third conditional) If she (study) Mandarin, she (go) to Beijing. 28. (Second conditional) If we _ (not be) so tired, we (go) out. 29. (First conditional) If you (buy) the present, I (wrap) it up. 30. (First conditional) If Lucy (not quit) her job soon, she (go) crazy.

Download for Free Class 1 to 12 Class-1 Class- 2 Class- 3 Class- 4 Class- 5 Class- 6 Class- 7 Class- 8 Class- 9 Class- 10 Class- 11 Class- 12 Teachers' Guides Class- 1 Class- 2 Class- 3 Class- 4 Class- 5 Class-6 Class-7 Class- 8 Class- 9 Class-10 Class- 11 Class- 12 All Hindu Religion Teacher's Guides in the following link- https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1a_ksCVBRwAo-ttsqNzKJQ3M9MoRZ7_8W?usp=drive_link Assessment Guides Class-6 Class-7

Paragraph Writing A paragraph is a group of related sentences which deal with a central idea. The three major structural parts of a paragraph A paragraph has three major structural parts– 1. a topic sentence 2. supporting sentences/developer 3. a concluding sentence/terminator ​ 1. The topic sentence states the main idea of the paragraph. It names and limits the topic 2. Spporting sentences develop the topic sentence 3. The concluding sentence marks the end of the paragraph and often summarises or raises the key point of the paragraph. Classification of paragraphs: Listing Definition analysis - causal analysis comparison classification time space generalisation examples process analysis cause & effect contrast sequence , Paragraph of Listing In Paragraph of listing a detailed description is given about paragraph introducer. Here a list is given between paragraph developers and paragraph terminator. Key uses : to give a list of some thing Key words : first, second, third, then, next, after that, finally Example of Paragraph of Listing 1. Write a paragraph of listing on "The transports of Bangladesh". ​ The transports of Bangladesh Transport is the means of conveying people, goods etc. from one place to another. There are three types of transport in Bangladesh. First, transports by land such as bus, train, track, car, taxicab ply on roads and streets. Second, transports by waterways like launch, boat, ship move on water. Third, transports by air like aircraft, aeroplane, spaceship fly in the sky. Transports play a very important role in developing our economic frame. There are public and private transports. Both transports earn huge money by carrying people, goods etc. This huge amount of money is used to support individual family and improve our communication system. But it is a matter of great regret that most of our transports are not modem and developed. Moreover, most of them are old and faulty. As a result, accidents often occur. Besides, there is a great crisis of transport in our country. Transports in Bangladesh cannot accommodate all the passengers. At this, their sufferings know no bound's. Therefore, steps should be taken to arrange more transports in our country. ​ 2. Write a paragraph of listing on "Sentence Functions in Paragraph Development". Sentence Functions in Paragraph Development (1) The sentences in most well-written paragraphs may be analysed into four general functions. (2) First, there are paragraph introducers, which are sentences that establish the topic focus of the paragraph as a whole. (3) Second, there are paragraph developers, which present examples or details of various kinds that support the ideas set forth by the paragraphs introducers. (4) Third, there are viewpoint or context modulators, which are sentences that provide a smooth transition between different sets of ideas. (5) Fourth, there are paragraph terminators, which logically conclude the ideas discussed in the paragraph in a psychologically satisfying manner, (6) Not all pieces of writing will conform to this analysis; however, most successful paragraphs usually contain some combination of these four sentence types. 3. Write a paragraph of listing on "Your Favourite Teacher". ​ Your Favourite Teacher Mr. Ahmed is my favourite .teacher. He teachers us English. He is 30 with a good health. He has many rare qualities. First of all he is a brilliant scholar with a sound academic career. He is an M.A. in English. Secondly his method of teaching is very easy and lucid. Thirdly he has a strong, clear and pleasant voice. Everyday' .he teaches us in a new style. He can make any grammatical problem easy. He knows well how to increase the curiosity of the students. In the class room he is just like an English. Moreover, his pronunciation is good and he speaks English with a foreign accent. In his class he creates ari English environment. We never feel boring in his class. Rather we feel encouraged in his class. He is very well behaved and co-operative. He is never rude but friendly with his students. If any student fails to understand any grammatical problem, he then and there helps the students to understand it. He is very kind hearted to the poor students. Besides, he is honest, sincere and dutiful. He is very strict to law and to his principles. He has left a permanent impression in my mind. He is my best teacher, guide and friend. ​ Paragraph Development by Time In Paragraph development by time description of something in respect of time. Many cases in this type of paragraph a past event is described. Key uses : to tell stories and incidents, to give a history or series of events, to give .step-by-step directions. Key factor : Use past tense ​ Example of paragraph development by time 1. Write a paragraph of time on "Your School Life". My School Life My school life began at the age of six. It was very much eventful. In 2000 I attended the Primary Scholarship Exam. I came out successful and added name and fame to our family. In 2003 I also attended the Junior Scholarship Exam. This time also I did not disappoint myself, my family and my teachers to come out successful. In 2004 I was promoted to class IX. I took Humanities group because of the fact that was weak in Mathematics. In 2005 I was successfully promoted to class X. My parents and teachers began to feel proud of my glorious results. They were very much hopeful of my brilliant future. In 2006 I attended the SSC exam. After three months, results were announced. I did not fail to achieve my desired results. I obtained the highest grade, GPA 5. My parents, teachers, relatives, and well-wishers were very much satisfied at my brilliant results. Our school awarded every candidate who secured brilliant results. My father presented me a PC for the achievement of my glorious result. Now I am a first year student at HSC level. 2. Write a paragraph of time on "Aztec Civilization". Aztec Civilization The Aztecs were the last in a series of civilization in Mexico. Until the 13th century they were a tribe of wandering hunters, simple but hardy, who finally reached the shores of the lake on whose dried,-up bed the city of Mexico now stands. There they settled down on a small island and gradually absorbed the culture and way of life of their more civilized neighbours. Traditionally in A.D. 1325 (but actually, perhaps, considerably earlier) they founded their great capital, Tenchtitlan, enlarging their island artificially as the city increased in size. They were an extremely warlike people, and, first by alliances and then by warfare, they gradually extended their power all over Mexico and as far south as Guatemala. The full and final stage of their greatness had lasted barely fifty years when it was completely destroyed by the invasion of the Spaniards. With them the series of civilization ends in Mexico. Mother Teresa Mother Teresa was born on 26th August, 1910. Her father's was an Albanian and he was a builder. She was born in Skopje in Macedonia. She was the third child of her parents. She was very polite and modest. She wanted to be a helping hand to the destitute. At the age of 18 she joined the order of the sisters of our lady of Loreto in Ireland. In 1928 she began her journey to India. In 1931 she began teaching at a Calcutta Girls' School. To make her vision fruitful she founded 'Nirmal Hriday' in 1952. In .1953 she started an orphanage. Then she set up a missionary too. The missionary helped the wounded, the diseased and the helpless.. In 1957 she and her missionaries of charity began working with the helpless. She continued all her programmes with the fund she collected from the charity of some wealthy people. As a recognition of her work she got Nobel. Prize in 1979. She breathed her last on 5th September 1997 at the age of 87, At her death, the world lost a great woman. Muhammad Yunus Muhammad Yunus was born in 1940 in Chittagong, the business centre of Eastern Bangladesh, He was the third of 14 children. Educated in Chittagong, he was awarded a full bright scholarship and he received his Ph. D from Vanderbilt University, in U.S.A. In 1972 he became head of the Economics department at Chittagong University. He is the founder and Managing Director of the Grameen Bank. In 1997, Professor Yunus organised the world's first Micro Credit Summit in Washington D. C. Professor Yunus is an economist. He planned to alleviate poverty from the World. He introduced microcredit system among a limted number of poor people and his plan worked. Then he set up a bank, Grameen Bank. Through this bank he worked for the poor and gave financial support to make them self-employed. His prograthmes succeeded and thousands of poor, powerless people could escape from poverty. They trusted Yunus *as a helping hand and he was trusted to be a famous name. His micro-credit brought wealth to the underpriviledged of many nations. Paragraph Development by Space (Space order) In Paragraph development by space more importance is given to appearance, manner, location and spatial order. Key uses : to describe people, places, and things Key words : Shady, gossip not only but also, besides. Examples of Paragraph development by space 1. Write a paragraph of space on "Your College Campus". My College Campus The name of my college is Summit Public College. It is located at Monpura in Satkhira. It has a spacious campus. There are three faculties in our campus. They are arts, science and commerce faculties. There is a large play ground in front of the faculties. There is a flower garden beside the science faculty. When the flowers bloom, environment looks very romantic. Sweet scent spreads everywhere. There are many trees on both sides of our campus. At this, our campus always remains shady. Air blows and makes our campus heavenly. Our campus is not only rich in natural beauties but also modernised with infrastructural facilities. There are three separate common rooms, libraries, computer and science laboratories. There are 90 classrooms for two thousand students. There are three teachers' waiting rooms and offices. There is a large canteen in our college campus. Going there, we take light refreshment and have snack. Sometimes gossip there with one another and while away our leisure period. Besides, we play different types sports in our college campus and pass time interestingly. In fact, we are very much proud of convenient campus. 2.. Write a paragraph of space on "The Inca Construction". The Inca Construction The Incas showed great skill in the construction without machinery of roads, aqueducts, and reservoirs, suspension bridges, and other public works. Two main roads ran from north to south. In some places they were paved or raised on causeways, in others hewn out of the solid rock; their excellence excited the admiration of the Spaniards. The Incas also showed great ingenuity in the vast system of terraces which they built with much labour along the steep slopes of the valleys for the cultivation of their crops, and which are still in use. For solidity of construction the walls of their fortresses and temples surpass anything ever achieved elsewhere. With extraordinary skill they handled huge blocks of hard stone, such as granite, weighing many tons, cutting them into irregular shapes with many angles, and then fitting them accurately together like the pieces of a jig-saw puzzle. These walls are practically indestructible, and have resisted the shocks of earthquakes for centuries. Many of them still form the foundations of Spanish buildings in Cuzco to-day. The Incas had discovered the art of casting bronze, but the chisels which were made from this alloy were not hard enough to cut the tough rock used in some of their buildings, and these must have been shaped with stone tools. However, the ruins of the Inca construction still show their extraordinary skill in engineering. ​ Paragraph of Examples/ Paragraph Development by Detail In Paragraph of example description of a topic with explanation is given with examples. Key words : for example, for instance 1. Write a paragraph of example on "The Success of Bangladesh". The Success of Bangladesh Under the umbrella of success, many things came. For example, in 1952 the West Pakistan wanted to snatch away Bangla, the language of our heart to establish Urdu as a state language. But our brave sons did not allow them to materialize their aim and objective. For their great sacrifice we have established our mother tongue Bangla. Secondly, in 1971 we achieved independence. Bangladesh got success in various fields also. She got chance in the World Cup Cricket and defeated many strong teams like Pakistan, India, West Indies, South Africa, Zimbabwe and created coruscation throughout the world. Illiteracy is getting removed and the percentage of education is increasing. Dr. Yunus who won Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 brought tremendous honour for Bangladesh. Anti-corruption campaign is going on and corruption is getting uprooted as the corrupt are being punished and penalized. Democratization is being materialized and development programmes and projects are being actualised. People of our country are being self-employed and poverty is being alleviated. So the success of Bangladesh in various fields is vivid. Write a paragraph of example on "Social Concerns in Modern Literature". Social Concerns in Modern Literature Modern literature in most countries deals with real social issues. For example, many contemporary novels of Africa and India depict the lives of ordinary people struggling against adversity. Furthermore, poetry from South America and North America speaks out against social and economic oppression. In still another instance, modern European drama enacts the fate of the working man in his drab confrontation with life. Even films, popular songs, and folk drama from all around the world, tell the story of the little man and his battle against the giants of impersonal corporations, remote governments, or aggressive neighbouring nations. It is clear from these limited examples that contemporary literature in many parts of the world deals with the social issues of the day. Air Pollution Air pollution means the ways in which the air is polluted. Air is the most important element of human environment. Man can not live a single moment without air. But we donot think that it is we who pollute this most vital element. Clean air is essential for life. Air is polluted in many ways. For example smoke pollutes air. Man makes fires to cook his food, to make bricks burns refuse, melts pitch for road construction and burns wood. All these things produce heavy smoke and this smoke pollutes air. The another example is that railway engines, power houses, mills and factories use coal and oil. Moreover, buses .trucks and cars use petrol and diesel oil. Again all these things create smoke and cause air pollution. Furthermore, the most serious air pollution occurs in big industrial areas where there are many mills and factories. Again serious air pollution also occurs in big- cities where there are many buses, trucks and cars plying the street everyday. Sometimes men in big industrial area become so sick by inhaling polluted air that they cannot be cured. So proper measures and steps should be taken to prevent air pollution. Definition Paragraph In definition paragraph the first step is to give the definition of the term or topic and then you should give the explanation of the term by illustration, example comparison Uses : to make clear the meaning of a word, to explore what a thing is, or to give a new, original meaning of a word. Example Definition paragraph I. Write a definition paragraph on "Democracy". ​ Democracy Democracy is the rule of people. It is the government of the people, by the people, for the people. It is the government where everybody can share in political arena. In this form of government people are the source of all power. They can elect their representatives and help them to form government. On the contrary, they can also reject them if they feel it necessary. Here people can enjoy almost all the civic rights, and privileges. They have freedom of speech. They can expose their views through different mass media like radio, television, newspaper. But there are some specific defects in democracy. Aristotle says that it is the government of the ignorant. As the ignorant rulers rule here, meritorious persons are devaluated. The majority of people are oppressed. The majority of people become victorious in all sections. The proverb 'might is right' is existing here. As there are many parties in. a democratic country, the results of election are not obeyed easily. So there is the feasibility of holding frequent election. And then huge amount of money is wasted. Nevertheless, democracy has gained much popularity in the modern world. 2. Write a definition paragraph on "The Definition Paragraph". The Definition Paragraph A definition paragraph describes, explains or defines an unfamiliar term by relating that which is unknown to that which is already known. It makes use of the techniques of comparison, contrast, and synthesis often in combination. More specifically, a definition paragraph may be developed by using comparison sentences that show that an unknown term, is the same as or like some known term. Or it may be developed by using contrast sentences that show that au unknown term, though similar in some respects, is basically unlike some known term. Or it may be developed by bringing together the appropriate like and unlike characteristics of two or more terms to form a new concept, or synthesis. In any case, a given definition paragraph, whether developed by comparison, contrast, or synthesis, or some combination of these, normally ends with a sentence that summarizes the distinctive features of the term being defined. ​ Democracy Democracy is a system of government by all the people of a country, usually through the representatives whom they elect, as allowing freedom of speech, religious and political opinion. It means fair and equal treatment of each other by citizens without social class divisions. In fact it's the system of governing the country according to people's will. In a democratic country people elect their representatives who work for the people. Free and fair election is the pre-condition of democracy. As a matter of fact, democracy is the right of the people to speak equal rights. They enjoy the rights of food, cloth, shelter, education, medical treatment and other facilities. People are the source of power, that is, possess the absolute power in a democratic country. Abraham Lincoln, the late president of the USA, defines democracy as "Government of the people, by the people and for the people." In a, true sense of democracy the majority party should form a coalition with the main opposition party and work together in democracy. Moreover, good relations with neighbouring country, liberty of newspaper, free judicial system are the essential conditions for democracy. But in some cases the ruling party in coalition with minor parties forms the government which causes anarchy. On the other hand, the main opposition party in coalition with some minor parties is engaged in destructive criticism and collision. Ours is a democratic country. Let -us hope we will stride ahead with our unity towards a brighter tomorrow. ​ Snatching Snatching refers to snatching away money or- ornaments or valuable things from passers-by and passengers by using force or at gun point. Everyday we find the news of many snatchings in all the dailies of our country. It seems that the snatchers are the monarchs of all they survey. So it has become very risky to move alone in the road. If the snatchers do not find anything valuable with the person they attack, he or she is either stabbed or killed. They use knives, bombs, guns or any kind of weapon. Though the victim cries for help, the nearby people or the police force do not go forward to help the victims. If the snatchings face any kind of trouble, they explode bombs or shoot, create panic and disperse people and safely they make their way after snatching. There are many reasons behind snatching. Firstly our socio-economic condition is the root cause of snatchings. Again those who are addicted in gambling, drinking and drug taking do it to manage money for their addiction. It is a great problem for our country. So stern action and necessary measures should be taken to set punishment for the snatchers so that people can move freely and easily. ​ ​ Paragraph Development by Analysis In paragraph by analysis a topic is analyzed in different parts such as -topic introducer, paragraph introducer, paragraph terminator \s context modulator ,letterhead, heading, inside address, aiterition line, subject line, salutation, body, signature block, post scripts, signature, writer's identification, initials, enclosures, distribution list etc. Example Paragraph by analysis I. Write a paragraph by analysis on "The person you like most". ​ The Person I Like Most The person whom I like most is my father. My father's name is Emtazuddin Ahmed. He is a. graduate. Professionally he is a police officer. As a police officer he is very honest. He does not take any unfair means to render his service. He does not compromise with the criminals. Rather he takes them under prosecution. He has been rewarded several times for his achievement in lessening crime and corruption. Though my father is very busy, he manages ample time to share with family. He always takes whereabouts of my education. He is very expert in English. In his leisure he teaches me English. And so I always do well in English examination. Father is very much devoted to God. He says prayers five times a day. He also encourages me to say prayer. And I follow his advice to the letter. Father also takes whereabouts of our relatives. If anyone falls in crisis, he tries his best to help him/her. My father is a very simple person. He never feels proud of himself. He always says to me that pride goes before fall. He is really a good person. 2. Write a paragraph by analysis on "Writing as a Profession". ​ Writing as a Profession Writing is a whole time job. The author does not only write when he is at desk; he writes all day long when he is thinking, when he is reading, when he is experiencing; everything he sees and feels is significant to his purpose and, consciously or unconsciously, he is forever storing and making over his impressions. He cannot give an undivided attention to any other calling. To write must be the main object of the author's life; that is to say, he must be a professional writer. He is lucky if he has sufficient fortune to make him independent of his earnings, but this does not prevent him from being a professional writer. Swift with his deanery, Wordsworth with his sinecure, were just as much professional writers as Balzac and Dickens. ​ The Cause and Effect Paragraph In cause and effect paragraph causes and effects of any problem is given. Water Population Water, an important element of the human environment, is essential for human and plant life. It is next to air. Water can be polluted in many ways. First of all farmers use chemical fertilizers and insecticide in their fields to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with river water, canal water and pond water. Secondly mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste_ materials and unsold products into the rivers and canals. Thirdly steamers, motor launches and even sail boats can pollute.water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the rivers and canals. Moreover, unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. Besides the kutcha drains running into the rivers and canals cause water pollution. Clean water is safe for use and polluted water is harmful for man. Water pollution can be prevented in many ways. First of all we should make the people aware of the fact that water is next to air. It is called life. So fertilizer, chemicals and pesticide should not be allowed to mix with river water, canal water and pond water. Mills and factories should not throw the waste materials and Unsold products into rivers and canals. Steamers, motor launches and even sail boats should not throw off, food waste and human waste into the rivers and canals. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside should not be built on the banks of the rivers and canals. In fine awareness should be created in the public. ​ Paragraph Development by Comparison In Paragraph of comparison we usually compare two or more different things Key transition words : Likewise, Similarly, In the same way, .also ...., ...., too. .... the same , .... the same as ...., .... just as ...., .... can be compared with .... . Examples of paragraph by comparison . Write a paragraph by comparison on "School and College . School and College Both school and college are educational institutions. School is such an academic center where students are taught rudimentary knowledge. But college is such an educational institution where students are provided with higher education. The management of a school is not so liberal as that of a college. But school teachers should he more careful of their responsibilities than college teachers. College teachers just deliver their lecture and leave classroom. On the contrary, school teachers have to take every whereabouts of their students. They are to be cautious of their studies, behaviour, association, -nature and so on. But college teacher are careless of these facts. They think that students here are freer. They have the freedom to exercise their sense and sensibility. School teachers strictly guide their students. But college teachers loosely control their students. In a college students can widen their outlook and orientation. But in a school they can not do' so. In a college students have the opportunities to broaden their mind and mentality. But in a school students can't do so for some restrictions. In fact, students in a college enjoy more than those in a school. Write a paragraph by comparison on "From Paragraph to Essay". From Paragraph to Essay Despite their obvious differences in length, the paragraph and the essay are quite similar structurally. For example, the paragraph is introduced by either a topic sentence or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay, the first paragraph provides introductory material and establishes the topic focus. Next, the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly, the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that expand and support the ideas presented in the introductory paragraph. Finally, a terminator-whether a restatement, conclusion, or observation-ends the paragraph. *i.,,., The essay, too, has a device which brings its ideas to a logically and psychologically satisfying completion : the concluding paragraph. Although exceptions to these generalizations may be observed in modem creative writing, most well written expository paragraphs and essays are comparable in structure. ​ Paragraph Development by Contrast ​ A contrast paragraph labels the differences between two persons, places, or things. Once all of the information for the paragraph is obtained one must organize it in one of these two ways: • Option One: First present all of the points of one subject, and then contrast the points with all of the information about the other subject. This is a good way to organize the information of a short paragraph because the reader can readily recall the first points that are stated. • Option Two: Make a point about the first subject and then contrast it with a point from the other subject. Alternating between points. This is a good option for longer paragraphs because the reader does not have to search for the contrasted point. Key words : but; yet, however, in contrast, although, even though, on the other hand, nevertheless, unlike, whereas. ​ 1. Write a paragraph by contrast on "Democracy and Autocracy". Democracy and Autocracy Democracy is the rule of people. But autocracy is the government by an autocrat. In a democratic country people are the source of all power. In an autocratic country an autocrat is the possessor of absolute power and position. There are many opposition parties in a democratic country. But in an autocratic country there is only one party. People can enjoy the freedom of speech, can expose merit, views and opinions in a democratic country. On the contrary, in an autocratic government, public freedom of speech is strictly controlled. Here other opinions and principles are not sustained. In a democratic government tolerance is kept. But there is want, of tolerance in an autocratic government. There is a feasibility of holding frequent election in a democratic country. On the contrary, frequent election is not held in an autocratic government. Evaluating public opinions, democratic country is led and governed. On the contrary, an autocrat leads and governs his country willfully. So, at present, democratic government is more popular than autocratic government. 2. Write a paragraph by contrast on "The Objective Test and the Essay Exam". ​ The Objective Test and the Essay Exam The objective test and the essay exam are two contrasting methods of evaluation commonly used to measure a student's grasp of subject matter. The objective test usually consists of a large number of unrelated questions that require the student to demonstrate mastery of details. It often leads to rote memorization of isolated facts during the pre-test period of study. Since the questions on the objective test are presented in true-false or multiple choice form, the student may be encouraged to guess answers for which he has no accurate knowledge. The essay exam, on the other hand, usually consists of a few broadly stated questions that require the student to organise his responses in essay form. Such questions force the student to give proof of his ability to handle general concepts. This type of exam also relies on factual information, but there is far greater necessity for the student to demonstrate analytical and compositional skills. Mere guessing at answers is reduced to a minimum. Although the objective test and the essay exam have similar goals the assessment of a student's academic achievement the techniques and very often the results) of the two types of examination differ significantly. Differences between Bangladeshi and Western Music Each and every country has its own culture. They can't be superseded by the culture of another country. So, its quite natural that there are some basic differences between Bangladeshi and Western music. The differences are very much distinct. In theme and melody, our songs are pole apart from western music. Our songs especially the Nazrul Sangeet, Rabindra Sangeet, traditional songs are very much graceful and refined. But the Western music is very much vulgar. Musical instruments are used more in the Western music. On the other hand ours are melodious and musical instruments are used less. The western singers use metalic sound, whereas we don't. The significant difference is that individual love is the theme of Western-music. That love is only the love of the lovers. On the contrary the theme of our song is also love but it's quite different from the Western music. Love as the theme of our song is for lovers, for parents, for our motherland and last of all for Allah: The western song has hardly any appeal. In contrast our song has a great appeal and ittouches our heart. In a word, a country can't sacrifice her own identity and culture with another country. The cultural differences were in the past, have. been in the present and will be in the future. Eating Habit of the Rural and Urban People of Bangladesh The rural people in Bangladesh usually_ have their meals in the morning, at noon and at night. The urban people also take three meals a day. But there are some differences in their eating habits. Rural people are in the habit of eating heavy meal. The rural people eat more. On the contrary the urban people do not depend on heavy food. They also eat less than the rural people. The rural people usually eat rice and gur or rice with some other food items for breakfast. They eat much because they work in the fields. They do not eat anything before lunch. They also eat chira, khai and muri at breakfast. On the other hand the urban people take bread vegetables etc. Again some take parata and egg and some take loaves and banana. Those who are old take little breakfast. The rural people usually eat rice and one or two.curries fof lunch. They can't bear the expenses of so many items like the urban people. The urban people `are used to taking eat, rice, curry, fish, vegetables, meat, dal etc. for lunch. Sometimes polao or biriani is cooked on occasions. The dinner of the rural people is just like the lunch. By contrast the dinner items of the urban people are like the lunch items. But nowadays urban people take their main meal at night returning their residence after evening. The urban people also take fast food like burger, sandwiches, noodles, pizza, . pototo chips, vegetables rolls etc. They also eat Thai or Indian or Chinese food. A change is also noticed in drink habit of the urban people. In urban_ area people take ice cream and soft drinks as drink. However, there are some differences in the food habit and meal times . of the rural and the urban people in Bangladesh. ​ Paragraph Development by Comparison & Contrast Uses : to show how two people, places or things are alike or different in order to describe either one more fully. In this type of paragraph both similarities and dissimilarities should be included in the topic sentence. You are to use specific linkers here. is similar to the other hand both however also but too in contrast as well differs from while unlike ​ Similarities and Differences between the Patterns of Eating in Britain and that in Bangladesh There are some similarities and differences between the patterns of eating in Britain and that in Bangladesh but the differences between them are greater. The food habit and meal times of the rural people of the two countries are same. The main meal of the people of Bangladesh is the lunch. Whereas, dinner is the main meal of the British. The British usually have cereal, toast and tea or coffee for their breakfast. On the contrary in Bangladesh the people of the rural areas eat rice and the urban people eat bread, banana, parata, chapati eggs etc. for their breakfast. Though we have got no special meal during a week, on occasions special meals are arranged. In Britain Sunday lunch is the most important meal of the week when a cooked meal is served at midday instead of in the evening and the whole family eats together. In our country specially the rural people eat heavy meals at noon, but in Britain lunch can be a light meal of sandwiches or fruit. Before going to bed the people in Britain have a hot drink like tea or coffee with -biscuits but people in our country are not in the habit of taking these things before going tp bed. OtT'the otherhand today a few people in the towns and cities take a cup of tea or coffee before going to bed. However differences are more than the similarities. Islam and Christianity Islam and Christianity are two of the major religions of the world. Though the two religions are different from one another, they share several basic beliefs and practices. The people of the two religions pray to the same deity whom the Muslims call Allah and the Christian God. The Muslims have a holy book the Quran. In the same way the Christians have a holy book the Bible. The Muslims read the holy Quran to gain religious knowledge. They try not only to mould their characters but also to lead their lives according to the guidelines of the holy Quran. Likewise the Christians also read the Bible to gain religious knowledge and try to lead their lives on the basis of the knowledge of the Bible. The holy Quran is the complete code of life for the Muslims of the whole world. In the same way the Bible is the complete code of life for the Christians. Hazrat Muhammad (Sm.) is the Prophet of the Muslims. In the same manner Jesus Christ is the Prophet of the Christians. All the Muslims believe in the holy Quran, in the sayings of the holy Prophet and in the five pillars of Islam. The Muslims also believe that Islam is their religion. Similarly the Christians believe the sayings of Jesus Christ and the ten commandments. The Muslims believe in the final judgment day. The Christians also have the same faith. Besides, there are many other similarities between the people of two religions. My Father and Mother My father and mother share a lot of similaries. Both of them come of respectable families. They hail from the same district. Both of them are educated. Similarly they want us to be highly educated. My father is a service holder. My mother is a doctor and she works in a hospital. They are sincere to their professions. Both of my parents love me and my brothers and sisters. They are very affectionate and advise us on what to do and what not to do. They possess many good qualities. They are soft-spoken, witty, pious and mild in their behaviour. They go to their offices in the morning and return home in the evening. They like travelling very much. Whenever they get time, they take us to various places of _scenic beauty and places of historical interest. Both of them spend their leisure by watching TV. They also like music. They can also sing well. My father likes modern song while my mother likes Nazrul song. We relish varieties of dishes at home - thanks to my mother's cooking skill and father's encouragement. To me my father and mother are great and I am proud of them. ​ Paragraphs written by students with the teacher's comments A ​ ACCOMMODATION PROBLEM IN DHAKA CITY ​ Our capital city, Dhaka, has become the centre place of all trade and commerce, better education, better treatment and better living. Thousands of industries have been set up here to boost up the economy and provide jobs to millions. The standard of living and education facilities are also relatively high. All this leads to the flocking of people to Dhaka from other corners of the country in search of job, for better education or for better standard of living. There are all kinds of people here -- rich businessmen, office clerks, labourers and even beggars. The last census shows that at present the population of Dhaka is over 1 crore which is certainly much more than holding capacity of the city. This has given rise to many problems among which the accommodation problem is the most acute. The migrated people are facing problems to pay such a high rent for their houses. Moreover, the number of houses is less than that of people. Though the well-off people can find shelter in the apartments of high rise buildings, the lower middle-class and the poor people face serious problems in this regard. Again the high rise apartments have appeared to be a new trend in solving the accommodation problem in Dhaka city. Due to scarcity of space, there is a growing need of apartment among the citizens. The property developers are also competing one another to make higher edifices. Though these apartments look posh having all amenities, they are very expensive and beyond the reach of the middle class buyers. They are also putting pressure on the existing infrastructure of the city. Moreover, these high rise buildings can be death-trap since Bangladesh is an earthquake prone country. In opposite to these happy dwellers of the apartments we see thousands of poor people passing their lives in the open streets of Dhaka. If one walks through the streets of Dhaka, one will see countless people sleeping in line on the pavements, over bridges, railway station. The vendors are sleeping in their baskets, the rickshaw pullers on their rickshaws. Some lucky people can find shelter in the slums though the life is abominable there. These street people are from the villages who have come to Dhaka in search of work. Though these people are leading a distressed life, they seem not to care about it as they work hard all day long and enjoy sound sleep at night. But the situation is worse for the middle class because they can neither live in costly apartments nor on the streets. None thinks of them. Even the government can hardly find any solution to their accommodation problem. Hence concerted efforts are needed to solve the accommodation problem in the city of Dhaka. ACID RAIN ​ Nowadays environment pollution is one of the most talked of topics all around the world. Because, environment pollution causes various disasters to human life. Acid rain is one of them. Acid is a chemical compound, usually a liquid. Acids are usually sour and can burn or damage things they touch. Acid corrodes things. Acid pollution spoils the colour of paint, weakens leather and washes away building materials. Acid pollution can cause damage to trees, lakes, wildlife, buildings etc. When acid instead of water falls from the sky, it is called acid rain. Acid rain contains harmful chemicals. Substances called acids have a sharp taste known as acidity. Ordinary rainwater is slightly acidic. But in severely polluted areas rain can be as acidic as the acids of lemon juice or vinegar. This rain which is very acidic can cause damage to trees, lakes, wildlife, buildings and human health. There is a link between acid rain and damage to human health. Breathing in the chemicals can harm people causing chest illness. Also, when acid rain causes the release of chemicals and metals into drinking water it can damage people’s health. The acid rain that falls on earth mingles with natural water. We get our drinking water from this natural water. Thus our drinking water is affected by acid rain. The acid rain has an adverse reaction on stained glass windows because it fades the colour of glass. In a word acid rain is very harmful. We should take all necessary steps to keep our environment sound and health. ​ Acid Rain ​ Rain water that pours down mixing with acidic substances is known as a acid rain. Acid rain contains various harmful chemical elements created by mills, factories, brick fields, power houses, buses and rail-engines. Acid rain has a sharp taste of acid. The indiscriminate use of toxic chemicals in mills. factories and power houses is the root cause of acid rain. Our ignorance regarding our duties to the environment and main kind is another root cause of acid pollution. The bad effect of acid rain is very dangerous/severe/alarming. Today it has become the global problem. It is very harmful to wild life, trees and forests. As a result it causes imbalance in the environment. It also does a great harm to buildings. It damages the building materials and washes any colour of paints of the building. Owing to acid rain the buildings lose their straight and they gradually collapse. Acid rain also harms the world famous Taj Mahal and the costly buildings which are mainly made of glass. In order to control acid rain, developed awareness must be created, the random and the wide-spread use of various toxic chemicals must be checked. If we fail to control the wide-spread use of toxic chemical, the wild life, trees and environment will be endangered seriously. In a word, our exist on earth and many other historical structure are the victim of acid pollution will be hampered surely ​ The Danger of Acid Violence ​ Acid throwing on human bodies is the worst deed of all. Acid violence is the most inhuman act in this civilized society, (4W Today it is the most heinous and brutal crime in this modern world. When anything is damaged by throwing acid, it is called acid violence. It is one of the most merciless and unpardonable crimes. It is a panic news that acid violence is increasing in our society wonderfully day by day. Mainly women and girls are the worst victims of' this cowardice violence. A young man having no moral sense usually commits this brutal act. Having failed to win the love of girls, some senseless and unwise young people throw acid on. '. bodies. Illiteracy is the root cause of acid throwing in our society. Gender discrimination is another root cause of it. Dowry-hunter husbands also mainly cause acid violence on their wives. Some hunters throw acid on their enemies to take revenge . Social unconsciousness is greatly liable for this brutal act. The effect of acid throwing is very panic and painful. In most cases the acid victims lose their invaluable eves. Acid violence makes their beautiful appearance very ugly as like as ghosts. Some victims become fully paralyzed forever. Those who survive lead a very miserable and sorrowful life. They lose their status and dignity in the society. They are deprived of love and affection of near and dear ones. Developed social consciousness is a must to stamp out this inhuman act. Illiteracy and gender discrimination must be eradicated to stop this cowardice deed. It is high time we started a strong campaign against acid violence in order to build up a happy and 'decent society. ​ ADULT LITERACY ​ Illiteracy is a curse for a nation. It is a serious problem for the overall development of the country. So the necessity of adult literacy programme arises in Bangladesh. To educate the illiterate mass is called adult literacy. This programme views to giving knowledge of letters to the illiterate people. Its main aim is to make them aware and responsible citizens capable of reading, writing and doing necessary calculations which are very much needed in practical life. Illiterate people do not know what is right and what is wrong and are not conscious of their rights and duties. So, to make responsible citizen adult literacy is necessary. Without adult literacy we are unable to control population explosion. In order to develop our country in all respects adult literacy is a must. To remove this illiteracy steps should be taken by the government. Opening night schools at every village should be made compulsory. The poor people should be supplied with all the items which are necessary for learning. For this all of us have come to come forward and to work in collaboration with the government. ​ ​ AFFORESTATION Since the dawn of civilisation man has a close relation with nature. Nature helps us in many ways. And trees are the integral part of nature. They are the gifts of nature. Trees give us oxygen. It saves the soil from erosion. Trees are very essential in a country to cause rains. It forms a natural beauty in a country. It plays a very important role for our existence. But for the development of human civilisation this valuable assets are damaged day by day. The people of our country cut down our trees at random. So, our country is losing her trees. If this process continues, she will turn into a desert. The country will bear the consequences of ‘Green House Effect’. To preserve our environment, afforestation is an urgent. ‘Afforestation’ means planting more and more trees. There is an ample scope for afforestation in Bangladesh. Sea beaches, low lying areas and fallow lands can be brought under the scheme of afforestation with special types of trees suited to the soil. Shady trees and fruit trees should be planted by the side of roads and highways. Trees may be planted in all sides of ponds and tanks in villages. People must be convinced of the need of afforestation. It is the duty of all of us to maintain balance between man and nature for the greater interest of the country and for our own survival. Arsenic Pollution Arsenic pollution has become one of the talked topics of our country at present. It has spread throughout whole Bangladesh in an epidemic form. Arsenic is a poisonous chemical element mixed with water. This poisonous element is found in ground water, such as tube-well water. In different countries, arsenic contamination in water supplies is known to have been caused by dissolving geological deposits which naturally occur from industrial discharges and from uses of pesticides. If a man drinks arsenic contaminated water, he is affected by disease and after many days the symptoms are found. The disease caused by arsenic is known as arsenicosis. Poisoning by arsenic is slow process. It damages the kidneys, the liver, the skin and even the nerves system of body. Long term poisoning might cause also death of the sufferers. Many people in our country are suffering from arsenicosis and many more are being affected everyday. For the prevention of arsenicosis, we should drink only arsenic-free water. Besides this, we have to eat a healthy and balanced diet. To ensure supply of arsenic-free water, we should sink deep tube-wells. Water treatment plant should be established in the rural areas and the arsenic contaminated tube-wells should be identified by red colour. We should remember that arsenic poison cannot be removed by boiling or filtering water. So, all of us should be conscious of arsenic poison and should be careful about using water. It is a hopeful matter that various agencies in the health and water sector such as NIPSOM, DPHE, BWDB and others have begun sampling well-water and looking for medical symptoms as evidence of arsenic contamination and its affected area and they are trying to solve the problem. ​ ARSENIC POLLUTION In our every day-today life we are experiencing new kind of problem. Arsenic pollution is one of them. At present it becomes an important matter for our country. Arsenic is a poisonous white compound of brittle element. Arsenic pollution is very dangerous for health. The presence of arsenic in tubewell water in maximum districts of Bangladesh makes the people fearful. The people of North Bengal are affected greatly. Press reports on this matter are drawing attention of all possible preventive measures. Drinking water polluted by arsenic causes many diseases like sores and stomach trouble. It also attacks the skins of palm, legs. Sometimes the sore turns into gangrene and then to cancer. So arsenic pollution is a great threat to human life. At present there is no medical treatment or medicine that can prevent arsenic pollution. The researchers are trying their level best to find out a remedy to this problem. All the tubewells must be examined and if arsenic is found, drinking of water from that tubewell must be stopped. It is safe to drink pure rain water. Water of pond, river can be made pure and fit for drinking. Arsenic pollution has taken a dreadful shape in the country. So, we should take proper steps to ensure a healthier and happier life to our people by preventing arsenic pollution. ​ DANGERS OF ARSENICOSIS In our every day-today life we are experiencing new kind of problem. Arsenic pollution is one of them. At present it becomes an important matter for our country. Arsenic is a poisonous white compound of brittle element. Arsenic pollution is very dangerous for health. The presence of arsenic in tubewell water in maximum districts of Bangladesh makes the people fearful. The people of North Bengal are affected greatly. Press reports on this matter are drawing attention of all possible preventive measures. Drinking water polluted by arsenic causes many diseases like sores and stomach trouble. It also attacks the skins of palm, legs. Sometimes the sore turns into gangrene and then to cancer. So arsenic pollution is a great threat to human life. At present there is no medical treatment or medicine that can prevent arsenic pollution. The researchers are trying their level best to find out a remedy to this problem. All the tubewells must be examined and if arsenic is found, drinking of water from that tubewell must be stopped. It is safe to drink pure rain water. Water of pond, river can be made pure and fit for drinking. Arsenic pollution has taken a dreadful shape in the country. So, we should take proper steps to ensure a healthier and happier life to our people by preventing arsenic pollution. ​ ​ ​ Adopting unfair means in the examination ​ The adoption of unfair means in the examination means copying in the examination. It does not simply mean copying from books etc. Inside the hall, it includes any sort of malpractice in or outside the hall to succeed in the examination. It is one of the signs of other degenerating conditions existing in out society. Many students without preparing lessons waste their valuable time in gossiping, roaming, playing, travelling etc. As a result they are compelled to adopt unfair means in the hall. By adopting unfair means a student frustrates the very purpose of the examination. Merely committing to memory and vomiting it in the examination halls cannot determine the merit of a student. In order to solve copying in the examination the govt. has taken some preventive measures. First of all the govt. is trying to raise public awareness through mass media. Recently the government has enforced a law that if any student is found copying in the examination hall, she/he will be expelled from the examination hall. If any invigilator is found helping any examiner, legal action will be taken against her/him. Even if outsiders are found involved in helping any examiner in copying, they will also be punished. The government has interchanged the examination centers and formed invigilation teams to monitor the overall condition of the examination center. The very system of education should be changed. Above all the government, the teachers, the guardians, the students, the intellectuals, the politicians and all the conscious sections of the country should come forward to tackle the problem. ​ Air Pollution ​ Air is the most important element of human environment. All biological organisms require air for breathing. But nowadays air is being polluted gradually. Air pollution is very acute in towns and cities. This pollution is caused by industrialization and urbanization. Air is seriously polluted by the factories and vehicles. This polluted air is inhaled by humans and plants. As a result we are falling prey to various diseases. The industries are located in populated areas. So, the noxious gas easily finds a place in the urban homes. Burning petrols and diesels of the vehicles and indiscriminate discharge of the human waste are also causing serious air pollution. Respiratory illness, deafness, blindness and many incurable diseases are the after effects of air pollution. Sometimes leakages of poisonous gas cause sudden death. Air pollution is also causing decay of Ozone layer. Today it has led to a new environment catastrophe. We must take adequate measures to prevent air pollution. Otherwise our health as well as our future generation will be at stake. ​ AIR POLLUTION ​ “I’ll go out for a breath of fresh air” is an often-heard phrase but many of us realise that this has become irrelevant in today’s world, because the quality of air in our cities is anything but fresh. In the recent years, some environment-friendly measures have helped us clearing up much of the visible elements of air pollution but air pollution still can be deadly even if we can’t see it. Air is the most important element of human environment. Man cannot live a single moment without air. But we do not think that it is we who pollute this most vital element. Air is polluted in many ways. Smoke pollutes air. Man makes fire to cook his food, to make bricks burns refuse, melts pitch for road construction and burns wood. All these things produce heavy smoke and this smoke pollutes air. Railway engines, power-houses, mills and factories use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel oil. Again all these things create smoke and cause air pollution. The most serious air pollution occurs in big industrial areas where there are many mills and factories. Serious air pollution also occurs in big cities where there are many buses, trucks and cars plying on the street every day. Sometimes men in big industrial areas become so sick by inhaling polluted air that they cannot be cured. It causes lung diseases and cancer. Clean air is essential for life. So proper measures and steps should be taken to prevent air pollution. To complement regulations imposed by the government, our combined effort is also needed to diminish air pollution.[The introductory two sentences can be excluded or altered if necessary.] Air Pollution ​ Today air pollution has become one of the serious problems in our country. At present- it is a global problem too. Pollution free- environment is the pre-condition for our decent and long life on earth. But now our environment is being severely polluted in many ways. Air is one of the prime elements of our environment. No life is possible without pure and fresh air. But polluted air is very harmful to life. Air is polluted in many ways. It is smoke which is the main culprit of air pollution. Mills, factories, power houses, brick-fields and rail engines emit huge black smoke all the year round. The black smoke pollutes our air drastically Motor and water vehicles also produce a lot of smoke and fume which cause acute air pollution. Cooking food and the burning down of forests, over-population, illiteracy and civic unawareness are also the major causes of -air pollution. The adverse effect of air pollution is very dangerous. It causes various fatal respiratory diseases. These fatal diseases take away/snatch away a lot of valuable lives every year. Air pollution causes serious ecological imbalance. And ecological imbalance causes various natural disasters which damage our lives, properties, crops, forests and wild animals. In order to control air pollution public awareness must be raised. illiteracy must be wiped out , and population problem must be solved lead-free fuel must be used and burnt oil should be avoided to lessen air pollution. Air pollution must, be controlled in order to ensure our happier, healthier and longer life. ​ Adolescence Adolescence represents one of the critical transitions in one’s life span and is characterized by fast paced growth and change which occurs after childhood and before adulthood. The duration and defining characteristics of this period may vary across time, cultures, and socio-economic situations. Among the factors responsible for the change are education, urbanization and spread of global communication. Besides physical and sexual maturation, these experiences include movement toward social and economic independence, development of identity, the acquisition of skills needed to carry out adult relationships and roles and the capacity for abstract reasoning. It is also a time of considerable risks during which social contexts exert powerful influences. Many adolescents face pressure to use alcohol, cigarettes, or other drugs and to initiate sexual relationships putting themselves at high risk for intentional and unintentional injuries, unintended pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections, including the HIV. The use or avoidance of drugs and taking or abstaining from sexual risk can have long-lasting negative and positive effects on future health and well-being. As a result, adults have unique opportunities to influence adolescents. Laws, customs, and practices may also affect adolescents differently than adults. Adolescents depend on their families, their communities, schools, health services and their workplaces to learn a wide range of skills that can help them to cope with the pressures they face and make a successful transition from childhood to adulthood. Parents, members of the community, service providers, and social institutions have the responsibility to both promote adolescent. ​ ​ ​ A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A TEACHER A teacher is the philosopher guide of a nation. She is an idol to her students. All her activities and performances are often followed and imitated by her students. Hence her life style is an ideal one. She is to maintain a routined life for her daily activities. She passes all through a busy day with the exception on holidays. Everyday she is to get up early in the morning. Then she prepares herself and the other younger members of the family for their respective outgoing purpose. After taking breakfast she sends her children to school and she herself goes out for school. In time she arrives at school. So she can get some preparations and photocopying done for the students. She does playground duty as parents deliver their children. She supervises the school assembly. Then she starts classes. In her scheduled classes she delivers lectures and imparts education very cordially. Attending to two or three consecutive classes, she becomes tired. Hence she needs a break. In the leisure hour she takes her tiffin in the staff room. Again she attends to one or two classes till the last bell rings. Then she reaches home. Having wash, she takes her lunch with other members of the family. After that she takes rest for some time. In the evening she cooks for family. She does her lesson plans and preparations for the next day. She spends some time for watching television or enjoying music. Then she takes her supper and goes to bed. Thus she passes her regular day with full of activities. A Day Labourer ​ Everything is possible by means of labour. Without it, nothing can be done or achieved. A day labourer is he who has no land of his own and thus earns his bread by the sweat of his brow. He may work as a sweeper, a black-smith, a mason, a carpenter, a goldsmith, a peasant or a porter. His service is, no doubt, essential for the country. Still now a day labourer is very poor. He lives from hand to mouth. He has no fixed income. If he works daily, he gets wages. During the rainy days, he finds no work and he has to starve along with his family. He can hardly buy clothes or fancy things. He works in factories, ships, mines, agricultural fields and even in games and sports for overall prosperity of a country. He builds houses, sky-scrapers, but he himself lives in slums. He sets railway lines and builds highways. He brings mineral from the bottom of the earth. Thus he performs many kinds of works to earn his livelihood. Though he works hard all day long, he lives in misery and want. So, everyone of us should try heart and soul to improve the lot of these day labourers. If we are sympathetic with them, they will be benefited. ​ Annual Cultural Function of our school ​ Annual cultural function of a school is a ceremony, where different cultural programmes are arranged and performed by the students. The last annual cultural function of our school held on 3rd August, 2006. It is still fresh in my memory we decorated our school premises with colourful papers and banners. In the auditorium we embellished the stage with flowers, festoons and ballons of different colours. Honourable D.C of our district had consented to preside over the accasion. Honourable Education Minter, the chief guest, was accorded guard of honour by the B.N.C of our school. The ceremony began at 10 am. with the recitation of some verses from Holy Quran. I and one of my classmates announced the scheduled programme as a presenter after the national anthem. After that the performances of the students started. Someone danced, Someone song and someone recited poems. There was also some group performances like mime-show and drama. Our class had been chosen to put on a play. I was also acted in that play. Ours was the last performance. The cheering crowd greeted each performance with applause. The function ended with an encouraging, complimentary and educative speech of the chief guest. At last our headmaster thanked the chief guest and other guest for their kind presence. I felt very excited there and I still feel joy when I remember that day. I wish to have the day again and again. Arranging books in a library ​ A library is a room or building where we can read various types of books, journals, periodicals etc. and satisfy our thirst for knowledge. All of the books in a library are organized in some categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their classes. There are two systems for organizing books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the Library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under the Dewey Decimal System, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For instance, Science is assigned with numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called call number. However, in this way books are arranged ip a library. A library can offer us immense knowledge. So, we should visit a library regularly to enrich our depth of knowledge. ​ A Day Labourer A day labourer is a very common figure in our agricultural land. A day labourer is a man who lives by unskilled and manual works. He usually lives in a slum or in a small hut. He has no good house of his own. He is a very laborious and strong bodied man. He lives from hand to mouth. He gets up at dawn After taking some stale rice lie goes out of doors in search of work .He works from dawn to dusk. He gets his wages at the end of the day. Then he goes to market. buys daily goods and returns home. He usually works in the agriculture or in the construction fields. Generally he wears old and dirty clothes. He works both in fair and rough weather. His income is very poor. He has to starvewith his family, when he finds no work. He lives below extreme poverty line. He looks older than his age . He hardly enjoy peace and happiness in life. He leads a very sorrowful and miserable life .In a word, he lives in wants and dies in wants. He is unable to educate his children owing to acute poverty. Inspite of unhappy life, he feels happy because he leads an honest life. Our agriculture, construction works and development activities can not be thought of without his honest labour. In fact, a day labourer is our real friend but he has no dignity ('jolts' Cam) and love in bur society. Necessary steps should be adopted to improve his wheels of lot for our greater interest. ​ A DICTIONARY Dictionary is listing of the words of a language, usually in alphabetical order but sometimes also by topic, with their meanings or their equivalents. A dictionary may also contain pronunciations, syllabications, etymologies (word histories), and examples of usage. The term dictionary is also applied to any systematic list of special terms such as abbreviations, slang, or etymology, or to a list in which the special terms of a particular subject are defined. Some dictionaries focus on particular subjects, such as science, biography, geography, mathematics, history, or philosophy. Some dictionaries are called encyclopedic, because they not only define words but also offer additional descriptive and explanatory information and identify many biographical and geographical names. A famous encyclopedic dictionary is the French 19th-century dictionary-encyclopedia the Grand dictionnaire universel, compiled by Pierre Athanase Larousse. The greatest such American work is the Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia, edited by American linguist William Dwight Whitney. The earliest known dictionaries were kept in the Mesopotamian city of Elba. These clay tablets inscribed in columns of cuneiform writing date from about the 2300s bc and consist of words in the Sumerian language and their equivalents in the Akkadian language. Whatever is done and practiced concerning the use of dictionary in the past; in our modern days, we can not pass a single day without taking help from dictionary while we learn language. ​ ARSENICOSIS In our every day-today life we are experiencing new kind of problem. Arsenic pollution is one of them. At present it becomes an important matter for our country. Arsenic is a poisonous white compound of brittle element. Arsenic pollution is very dangerous for health. The presence of arsenic in tubewell water in maximum districts of Bangladesh makes the people fearful. The people of North Bengal are affected greatly. Press reports on this matter are drawing attention of all possible preventive measures. Drinking water polluted by arsenic causes many diseases like sores and stomach trouble. It also attacks the skins of palm, legs. Sometimes the sore turns into gangrene and then to cancer. So arsenic pollution is a great threat to human life. At present there is no medical treatment or medicine that can prevent arsenic pollution. The researchers are trying their level best to find out a remedy to this problem. All the tubewells must be examined and if arsenic is found, drinking of water from that tubewell must be stopped. It is safe to drink pure rain water. Water of pond, river can be made pure and fit for drinking. Arsenic pollution has taken a dreadful shape in the country. So, we should take proper steps to ensure a healthier and happier life for our people by preventing arsenic pollution ​ ASTRONAUTS ​ The term ‘astronaut’ comes from the Latin word ‘astrum’ (star) and ‘nauta’ (mariner) and is used mostly in English-speaking countries. The International Astronomical Federation define space travel as beginning 100 km (62 mile) above the earth, so some airplane pilots are considered astronauts. Astronauts came into being in the late 1950s, when both the United States and the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) began piloted space flight programmes. Both countries chose military pilots as the first astronauts. Some of the earliest spacecraft were based on the high performance aircraft that these pilots were accustomed to flying. Modern astronauts include scientists, engineers, medical doctors and educators, as well as pilots. On July 16, 1969 three American astronauts were waiting in a spacecraft called Apollo 11. The astronauts were Neil A Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Mike Collins. Four days later, Armstrong and Aldrin landed their Lunar Module in the moon’s Sea of Tranquility. Armstrong and then Aldrin stepped onto the surface and became the first humans to leave their footprints in the lunar dust. They explored the surface and gathered moon rocks for over two hours. The next day they fired off the surface and rejoined Collins in the orbiting mother ship. Finally they returned to the earth. Thus astronauts made great achievements one after another and conquered the unknown. ​ THE ANNUAL CULTURAL WEEK A school is a ground of learning for students in every regard. The school helps students to develop skills in educational and other extra curricular activities as well. In our text book we find that the students of Nurpur High School celebrated their annual cultural week in full mirth and joy. The students were highly jubilant to celebrate the function. One morning Mrs. Amin, the English teacher of class eight came with an announcement to the class. The class was told that they were selected to stage a play during this cultural week. Hearing this, they were enthusiastic enough to stage a play by Shakespeare. As Shakespeare’s plays were difficult and long, it was not possible for them to perform his play. So they were advised to stage a play which was written by Mr. Anis Ahmed and they agreed to do so. After school that day they met Mr. Anis Ahmed and discussed about the play. For a few days they practised a lot. On the scheduled day they made a stage and performed the play called ‘The Ghost’. The programme was appreciated by all. In this way the students of Nurpur High School celebrated their Annual Cultural Week. ​ THE ANNUAL SPORTS DAY OF MY SCHOOL ​ Annual Sports Day is the most eventful and exciting day of the school. On the 10th instant we had the annual sports day in our school. On that day we tastefully decorated the school and put up a beautiful dais on the sports ground in front. On both sides of the dais, sitting arrangement was made for the spectators under colourful canopies. The Chief Guest, the Deputy Commissioner arrived on time and hoisted the national flag just at 9 a. m. The next attraction was the ‘March Past’ of the competitors. After the March Past, the Chief Guest declared the sports open. There were 20 items which were taken up according to the printed programme. All the items were contested well. At the end of every item the names of the winners were announced over the microphone and they stood up on the victory stand. In between the events fine cassettes were played and the whole environment was festive and jovial. When the items were over, the Chief Guest distributed the prizes. Then after a few short speeches were made by the teachers and guests and the function was declared over. The day was a refreshing day from the monotony of routined life. ​ ​ B A Book Fair These days the book fair has become very much popular. It has created a sense of interest for books among us. In a book fair hundreds of pavilions are set up. Miscellaneous books, fictions, textbook, dramas, children books, reference books etc. are displayed in a shop. The stalls are well decorated which enchant the mind of customers. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers take rest and refreshment there. The whole atmosphere wears a beautiful look. The main purpose of a book fair is not s ale but it offers a rare opportunity to assess the advancement made in publication of books. It is heartening to see thousands of people coming to the fair and buying books according to their own interest. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. Both male and female customers gather in a book fair. The writers also visit the fair regularly and sit in some stalls. Seminars and cultural programmes are also held in a book fair. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined culture of a country. A book fair reminds us that books are our best comrades. They can change our outlook of life and widen our domain of wisdom. It is book, which assists us to forget jealousy, malice, superstition and covetousness. After all, we get our most advantages from a book fair and that is why we should purchase book from a book fair or from a bookstall. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined culture of a country. A book reminds us that books are our best comrades. ​ A BALANCED DIET Our body is the construction of food we eat. We must eat to live. For the formation of our body, we need to maintain a balanced diet. It is defined as one which contains food from different groups in such quantities and proportions that can meet the nutritional needs of the body. A balanced diet is one in which the ratio of the elements of food is balanced. It ensures that there are carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, mineral salts and water in proportion to the requirement of our body. Carbohydrate gives us heat and energy. By eating rice, bread, potato, sugar, etc we get carbohydrate. Protein food like fish, meat, egg, dal, peas, bean and milk build our body. Fat gives us heat and energy and prevents decay of the body. We get fat by eating oil, butter and ‘ghee’. By eating leafy and green vegetables, fruit, egg, fish, meat and liver and by drinking milk we get vitamins and also mineral salts. Vitamins and mineral salts keep our body fit for work and keep away diseases. Thus a balanced diet is a system of food in which we get the essential elements of food for our body. ​ ​ CELEBRATION OF 15TH BIRTHDAY A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. Generally one celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment. A Bus Stand A bus stand is the place where the buses stop and where from the start. With the improvement of the roads and highways, the number of buses is increasing day by day. And the importance of the bus stand has become great. These stands can be seen by the roadside. There are a few big bus stands located at the district headquarters or in the big cities including the capital city. Besides these big bus-stands, there are other hundreds of bus stands scattered all over the country. At some bus stands, there are sheds for the convenience of the waiting passengers. Now some of the famous bus stands have ticket counters from where the passengers purchase tickets in advance to book a seat. Usually these are places of great din and bustle. Sometimes passengers are to wait under the open sky if there is no shed for their waiting. At most of the bus stands tea stalls are found nearby. Many passengers, while waiting for buses, go there and refresh themselves taking a cup of tea or coffee. Street hawkers are busy to draw the attention of the passengers. They sell betel leaves, biscuits, breads, cigarettes, pamphlets, magazines etc. Again, some street beggars cry in loud voice with a view to drawing the passengers’ heed. When a bus comes up, there is a usual bustle and hurry among the passengers. Most of the buses are found jam-packed. Yet, people push one another to get on them. Some bus stands are filthy and noisy. Thieves, swindlers and pickpockets are also there in disguise. They sometimes try to misguide the innocent passengers for fulfilling their evil desires. All these pictures taken together remind us of the famous line of the poet, “Man may come and man may go, but I go on forever”. This coming and going sustain the flow of life. ​ Bangladeshi Culture ​ Culture is made up of all of its ideas, ways of behaving, working and playing. We, the Bangali, have an age old and traditional culture of our own. We have our own Language, dress, food habit , games and sports, music, art, literature etc. Our culture is a close knit, family oriented. We have a rich history and collection of folk songs in Bangladesh. Of them Palligiti, Bhatiali, Bhawaiya, Jari, Sari, Gambhira, Lalongiti, Palagaan and songs of Hason Raja are very popular. The traditional musical instruments like dotara, sarinda, bamboo flute, tabla are usually played with these songs. Cricket is the most popular sport in Bangladesh, followed by football . Shalwar Kameez , Sharee , kurta , fatua , lungi are the main dresses. The ethnic people in Bangladesh hold a very important place in the culture of the country. They are mostly farmers. By religion they are Hindus, Christians or Buddhists. Nakshi kantha is a kind of traditional craft and is said to be indigenous to Bangladesh. Our cuisine is rich and varied with the use of many spices. Panta ilish is a traditional platter of Panta bhat on the Pohela Boishakh. We have delicious and appetizing food, snacks, and sweets. The common ones are roshgulla, sandesh, rasamalai, gulap jamun, kal jamun and chom-chom. In a word, our culture is enriched in unique variety. ​ A BAISHAKHI MELA ​ Bangladesh is a land of rich culture and heritage. Baishakhi Mela is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. It is perhaps the largest and most comprehensive celebration of the arts and culture of Bangladesh. It is held on the first day of the Bengali New Year. The Bengalees are all looking forward to welcome the year through this celebration. The Ramna Batamul is the centre, around which New Year celebration have spread around the city and gradually across the country. The festival encompasses exhibition, music, poetry, crafts, theatre, photography etc in the urban area. A ‘Baishakhi Mela’ is an annual gathering. It is a gathering held in villages too. Some fairs are held for a day. Some are held for days together. It is held generally in the open place or on the bank of a river or a canal. All men, women and children gather in Baishakhi Mela in large number. Fancy goods, toys, balloons, flutes, sweets and wooden things are mostly sold and children buy them. Circus parties are the common features of the Baishakhi Mela. They often bring trained small tigers, elephants, monkeys, horses and bears that show funny feats. It is a matter of pride that we celebrate our cultural identity in a true spirit through Baishakhi Mela. ​ Baishakhi Mela ​ A Baishakhi Mela is a fair which usually is held on the first day of Baishakh to welcome the New Bangla Year. Baishakh is a month of enjoyment and merriment of the Bangalees. In fact, Baishakhi Mela is the reflection of the true picture of the life of the rural people of Bangladesh. The importance of the mela is very great to the Bangla speaking people. It gives us new life. Every year the villagers eagerly wait for the happy occasion. Their joy knows no bound Aaqt q;m~ mot) on the day. A Baishakhi Mela is a large gathering of all ages of people of all classes. In the mela, hand-made articles, dolls, toys, flutes, kites, cheap ornaments and cosmetics, bangles , ribbons (Nit), ready-made garments and other village handicrafts are displayed and sold. Sweets, fruits and snacks are also sold here. Doll dance and cock fight are the main attraction of a Baishakhi Mela.Traditional Bangla folksongs are sung and Jatra are also held in the mela. All ages of people attend the mela wearing colourful traditional dresses. A Baishakhi Mela is a great source of amusement and recreation to the rural people. But rural life is dismal and monotonous . So a Baishakhi Mela makes the villagers cheerful and removes the monotony of the routine works. It widens their outlook and breaks away social superstition. It helps to improvethe rural economy too. So a Baishakhi Mela has a great significance to the rural life. Every year I also visit the Baishakhi Mela with my grandfather who is very jolly-minded and humorous. ​ ​ ​ A BIRTHDAY PARTY I ENJOYED ​ A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are many charms in a birthday party because both the guests and the hosts get much pleasure in a birthday party. I have recently enjoyed a birthday party of one of my younger cousins. It was his 13 /14 / 15th birthday. As I am very close to him I had gone to their residence earlier to help him. We together decorated their house nicely. My cousin put on his new dress which my uncle had bought for him. Then the birthday cake arrived, which was the main attraction of the party. It had been ordered earlier. At 7 p.m. the arrival of the invited guests started. My cousin lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food was served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme was arranged after the meal. I also took part in the function by cutting a joke in the party. Everybody became happy to hear this. Then the guests gradually were leaving the function. All the guests left wishing my cousin many happy returns of the day. Finally it was my turn. In the mean time I extended my helping hand to do everything up nicely. Then I took farewell from my cousin. He did not like to leave me but I had to, as I had an important class next day. So I came back and all the night I cherished the sweet memories of the party. [Some information can be excluded to shorten the volume if necessary.] ​ ​ A Book Fair ​ There is a great significance of a book fair in the cultural activities of a nation. Nowadays, book fairs are becoming more and more popular in Bangladesh. These are held in different cities and towns on different occasions of national significance days such as 'Ekusher Boi Mela' in the Bangla Academy Campus. Every year a book fair (exhibition) is arranged in the campus. Book fairs are now held in district towns also. In a book fair some publishers set up stalls. Book lovers such as, the teachers, the students, the poets, the writers, the service holders and some common people crowd there to make their choice and buy books from the stalls. The stalls are beautifully decorated and lighted in order to draw the attention of the customers. Books of different tastes are displayed in the stalls in an attractive way. The distinguished authors personally remain present in the stalls. Consequently, the readers can have a chance to meet their favourite authors. However, a book fair spreads the message that books are our best friends and companions. In fact, a book fair enriches our outlook and makes our life more meaningful. A Book Fair ​ A book fair is a joyful and attractive fair where books are displayed and sold to the common people. Today educated people are very fond of visiting a book fair to enrich knowledge. So a book fair has also become very popular in our developing country. Every year, it is held on some special occasions in towns and cities every year. The Bangla Academy organizes a month long book fair on the occasion of the International Mother, Language Day on its compound. Besides, the famous book publishers also organize book fairs every. year. A book fair usually lasts for a week or even a month. Hundreds of book publishers and book sellers take part in the Ekushe book fair. The stalls sits in rows They are decorated nicely. Books on various branches both in Bangla and English are displayed and sold here. The, ,book lovers and the readers gather in a book fair. It is a large gathering - of students, teachers and educated people, sometimes scholars, writers and poets also visit a book fair. Seminars on books are also held here. Folk songs are also sung in a book fair. A book fair is an important part of education. It helps to broaden our kingdom of knowledge and helps to promote cultural attitude Books are sold at a cheap rate in a book fair. Visiting a book fair forms the habit of reading, buying, writing and taking care of books. Every student and every educated person should visit the book fair every year. I am also fond of visiting a book fair. ​ A BOOK FAIR ​ The purpose of a fair is to display products as well as to create demands in the markets for these products. A book fair is also arranged for the same. Now-a-days, it has become a practice to hold book fairs in our country. In a book fair, hundreds of pavilions are set up. All sorts of books such as, fictions, text-books, dramas, children books, reference books etc are displayed. The stalls are decorated tastefully and thus the attraction of the customers is drawn. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers halt, rest and take refreshment there. The entire atmosphere wears a festive look. It is heartening to see thousands of people coming to the fair and buying books according to their choice. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. The writers also visit the fair regularly. The important book fair in Bangladesh is generally held in the premises of Bangla Academy. It creates a taste and eagerness for reading while the authors and book-sellers get a chance for publicity. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined taste and national culture of a country. Hence our government and conscious citizens should take positive steps to make these fairs more popular if we want to thrive as a nation in this competitive world. BEHAVING RESPONSIBLY ​ A deep relation is in existence between man and responsibility. Responsibility is an inherent quality of man. As a social being man cannot be irresponsible. He cannot be nonchalant to his duties towards himself and to his neighbours. He should be conscious about his responsibilities and be active in performing them. Truly speaking man cannot live alone. He has to live in a society, so in this respect he has to behave very responsibly. Here we can mention the name of Anwar, Kashem and Mina who behaved very responsibly. One day Anwar and Kashem were walking together. They noticed a small crowd near the college pond. They walked fast to the place and found that the people were looking at an old lady who fell down and hurt herself. Anwar recognised the old lady that she was Rina’s grandmother. He requested Kashem to stay there. He ran off to Rina’s house and informed Rina’s mother of the accident. He came back with Rina’s mother and helped the old lady to transfer her to the hospital. While Anwar, Kashem and Rina’s mother were busy with Mrs. Murshed; Rina was attending her little brother. Thus Anwar, Kashem and Mina all have shown their respective sense of responsibility which charms us very much. So, as social beings we all should behave responsibly. Otherwise our existence will lose its value in the society. A BOOK FAIR A book fair is an occasion where we find gathering of books for sale and show. The duration of a book fair is not so fixed. Nowadays, it has become a practice to hold book fairs in our country. In a book fair, hundreds of pavilions are set up. All sorts of books such as, fictions, text-books, dramas, children books, reference books etc are displayed. The stalls are decorated tastefully and thus the attraction of the customers is drawn. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers halt, rest and take refreshment there. The entire atmosphere wears a festive look. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. Both male and female customers gather in a book fair. The writers also visit the fair regularly. Seminars and cultural programmes are also held. The important book fair in Bangladesh is generally held in the premises of Bangla Academy. It creates a taste and eagerness for reading while the authors and book-sellers get a chance for publicity. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined taste and national culture of a country. Hence positive steps should be taken to arrange more fairs in our country. ​ A BOOK FAIR I VISITED ​ A fair is a collection of outdoor entertainment, stalls etc on a large piece of open ground where a huge number of people gather and enjoy themselves. In other words, a fair can be defined as an exhibition of different types of products. Similarly a book fair is an exhibition of hundreds of thousands of books. In a book fair books on different subjects are systematically displayed for the attention of the readers. Recently I visited a book fair. It was held on the premises of the Bangla Academy. I went there with my parents. In the fair, I saw hundreds of bookstalls selling them displaying different types of books. Almost all of the bookstalls were arranged by different famous publications of the country. A few bookstalls were also organised by some leading cultural organisations of the country. As it was evening, there was a huge rush of crowd in the fair. Even it was difficult to walk freely at that hour. I along with my parents went to a number of bookstalls and bought some books. I also attended a seminar organised by the Bangla Academy. After passing some hours there we started for home just after the sunset. It was a nice experience for me which will remain long in my mind. ​ A BOOK FAIR A book fair is an occasion where we find gathering of books for sale and show. The duration of a book fair is not so fixed. Nowadays, it has become a practice to hold book fairs in our country. In a book fair, hundreds of pavilions are set up. All sorts of books such as, fictions, text-books, dramas, children books, reference books etc are displayed. The stalls are decorated tastefully and thus the attraction of the customers is drawn. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers halt, rest and take refreshment there. The entire atmosphere wears a festive look. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. Both male and female customers gather in a book fair. The writers also visit the fair regularly. Seminars and cultural programmes are also held. The important book fair in Bangladesh is generally held in the premises of Bangla Academy. It creates a taste and eagerness for reading while the authors and book-sellers get a chance for publicity. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined taste and national culture of a country. Hence positive steps should be taken to arrange more fairs in our country. ​ A BOOK FAIR ​ A book fair is a fair where a large number of books are displayed. It is usually held on certain occasions. Books of different tastes on different subjects are displayed in a book fair. The fair is normally held fora week for some days and sometimes fora whole month. For example Bangla Academy Boi Mela is held fora whole month. A book fair is place of union of readers, the book lovers, the writers, the publishers and soon. The stalls sit in rows. They arc decorated tastefully. Thousands of visitors gather in a book fair to visit or to buy the chosen books of their favourite writers. There area large number of books. So a reader can choose a book according to his/her own choice. There are also some arrangements for refreshments. Sometimes discussions are held on various topics. Speaking truly, a book fair upholds the culture of a particular society or country. It plays an important role in spreading the light of education and knowledge. Again, books are the best companions of our life. Hence a book fair revives the conscience of a nation. ​ ​ ​ A BALANCED DIET Our body is the construction of food we eat. We must eat to live. For the formation of our body, we need to maintain a balanced diet. It is defined as one which contains food from different groups in such quantities and proportions that can meet the nutritional needs of the body. A balanced diet is one in which the ratio of the elements of food is balanced. It ensures that there are carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, mineral salts and water in proportion to the requirement of our body. Carbohydrate gives us heat and energy. By eating rice, bread, potato, sugar, etc we get carbohydrate. Protein food like fish, meat, egg, dal, peas, bean and milk build our body. Fat gives us heat and energy and prevents decay of the body. We get fat by eating oil, butter and ‘ghee’. By eating leafy and green vegetables, fruit, egg, fish, meat and liver and by drinking milk we get vitamins and also mineral salts. Vitamins and mineral salts keep our body fit for work and keep away diseases. Thus a balanced diet is a system of food in which we get the essential elements of food for our body. ​ ​ BANGLADESH : MY COUNTRY ​ Bangladesh is in South Asia on the shore of the Bay of Bengal. The Bay of Bengal is on the south and the other three sides of the country are surrounded by India but she shares a bit of the south-east border with Myanmar. The Tropic of Cancer and the 90° longitudinal line intersect almost in the middle of the country. She became independent from Pakistan in 1971. The total land area of the country is 1,44,570 square kilometres and population is about 130 million. Almost all the people of the country speak Bangla. English is also used widely as well. There area number of tribal dialects. About 85 per cent of the people are Muslims and the rest are Hindus, Buddhists and Christians. The national dress for men is pyjama and punjabi and for women saree and blouse. But educated people wear generally trousers and shirts and young women salowar and kamiz. The farmers, the majority of the population, wear longi and shirts. Dhaka is the capital of this country and Chittagong, the port city, is called the commercial capital of the country. Cox's Bazar for its silvery sandy sea beach and Rangamati with ever-green hills and lakes are special natural sites worth-seeing for the tourists. The society is generally male-dominated but nowadays both men and women manage the finances and maintain the family. Female rights are acknowledged and they are encouraged in every sector of the country. ​ A BRIDAL PARTY A woman on her wedding day or a newly married woman is called a bride. Hence a bridal party is a party which consists of the bride and her friends and attendants. This party is formed to observe certain rites peculiar to women both before and after solemnization of marriage. They also make arrangement for rejoicings and merry-making. They sing nuptial songs while they help the bride observe various rites and ceremonies. As for example, they perform the ceremony of smearing the person of the bride or bridegroom with turmeric preparatory to marriage. They also welcome the bridegroom and his friends when they arrive at the bride’s house. After solemnization of marriage the ‘ruyyat’ ceremony is observed under the supervision and guidance of the bridal party. It is the young girls of the bridal party that take the bridegroom to the ‘Zenana’ where in a room the richly decorated bride adorned with precious ornaments is kept waiting. She is surrounded by the jovial ladies and gay young girls of the bridal party. The bridegroom is made to sit on the right side of the bride. A big mirror is placed before the bride and the bridegroom. Then they have to exchange looks and to go through certain other rites. The witty devices that the girls and ladies of the bridal party take to put the bridegroom to feminine harassment draw forth a peal of laughter from the assemblage in the ‘Zenana’. In fact, the bridal party, like the bridegroom’s party, plays a vital role in bringing the bride and bridegroom into a happy wedlock. A BUS ACCIDENT Nowadays bus accident has become a regular affair. Many people lose their lives for bus accident. Last week I saw a bus accident. It was 10 am and I was walking along the Hospital Road, Tala, Satkhira to go to my college. A girl was going the same way. Site was a few hands ahead of me. Suddenly she crossed the road. When she was in the middle of the road, all on a sudden a micro bus came on and knocked her down. The micro ran over her. She shouted and fell within seconds. Meanwhile people gatherer round her. She was taken to hospital but doctor declared her dead. This incident really shocked me a lot. Words cannot express my feelings. She is a student of class six. She is the only child of her parents. She is no more. This accident made me very sad. I won't forget this bitterest experience. A BUS STAND ​ A bus stand is a place where service buses stop and start from. After a fixed time a good number of up and down buses touch at a bus stand at different hours of the day and night. In cities there are sheds for passengers at a bus stand. It is a temporary shelter for passengers. Passengers wait for sometime to get on a bus. In some bus stands there are counters for ticket. Passengers stand in a line for buying tickets. Sometimes there is exchange of hot words if anybody breaks the line. A bus stand is a busy place. One bus comes and another stands for. The passengers become busy in procuring a seat. The drivers and conductors are also very busy. Their shouts are heard. They try to get as many passengers as they can. A bus stand is always noisy. There are roadside tea-stalls, small shops and hawkers selling betel leaf and cigarette at a bus stand. Magazines and seasonal fruits are also sold here. It is a useful place indeed. ​ A BUS STAND ​ A bus stand is generally a place where public buses usually stay for some time. Near the place there lies a shed which protects the passengers from the sun and the rain. Sometimes, there is a long queue of passengers in a bus stand. When a bus arrives, there is a rush of passengers to get down and to get into the bus. Taking the advantage of this, pickpockets sometimes pick the pockets of the passengers. There are different types of shops that sell foods, fruits, newspapers and other essentials. Hawkers, with their peculiar shouting, try to sell betels, cigarettes, biscuits, chocolates, newspapers, and such other things. People of all ages while away time here when they get chance. A bus stand in Bangladesh often causes traffic jam because most of the bus drivers do not follow traffic rules. This is a great threat to our smooth communication. So steps should be taken to improve the condition of the bus stands for the betterment of the passengers. ​ A Bus Stand ​ A bus stand is nothing but a halting and starting place for buses. In a bus stand, there is a temporary shed for the passengers. It is open on all sides. The passengers wait here to avail a bus. There is a heavy rush of passengers in a bus stand. When a bus comes, passengers rush to get into it. The passengers who are inside the bus are not able to get down from it due to on-rush of the passengers who try to get into the bus. In this way, pushing and pulling among the passengers go on. In some bus stands, there are book stalls and small tea shops. The hawkers sell betel leaf, bread, chanachur, betel nuts, cigarettes, chocolates, newspapers and magazines etc. Now and then, seasonal fruits are sold in a bus stand. When a bus comes, shouts of the helpers and conductors of the buses are hoard continually. Hawkers try to draw the attention of the passengers by their peculiar shouts. In Bangladesh, most of the bus stands do not have sheds. So the passengers suffer under scorching heat of the sun. They also get wet by the sudden shower of rain. A bus stand is not an attractive place. Yet it is a very useful place undoubtedly. ​ My Last Birthday Party ​ Today birthday is one of most popular and common festivals in any society of the world. It is an important part of our culture. A birthday is a symbol or token of pleasure and enjoyment. The festival reminds our past life. Every year our family celebrates my birthday party very gorgeously. My last birthday ceremony was held at our village home on December 10, 2007. The sky was very clear. Many relatives, friends and neighbour attended the joyful function. I along with my younger sister decorated the house very nicely with coloured papers, flowers and baloons. I put on a new nice dress. Almost all the guests arrived at our home by 5 pm and I received them cordially. Almost all the guests brought some gifts for me. But my uncle brought a nice pilot pen for me and I am fond of the pen very much. All the guests stood around the dinning table. I cut the cake and put out the candles. At that time all clapped and sang, "happy birthday tou." Then, delicious food items were served. All enjoyed the delicious food with satisfaction. In fact. the day was a glorious ceremony. ​ Bangla Academy Book Fair A good book is the constant companion of any good reader. When new books are published, they need to be made known to the reading realm. To draw the attention of the readers and to popularize the reading habit, book fair is organized on different important occasions. Last I visited a book fair in Bangla Academy campus. It was about 5 pm. when I arrived there. The main gate was nicely decorated. Inside the premises there were about three hundred book stalls set up by different publishing houses. It was a fair of books of different interest. The whole area became over-crowded. Many people were walking aimlessly. There were also children. I enjoyed the atmosphere very much. I had an opportunity to meet several famous poets and novelists. I also bought five books on different issues. The main thing about a book fair is not sale but display of books on different subjects. National Book Center, Jupiter Publication, Naboputhighar Publication, Bangla Academy and many other book publishers took part in the fair. I also met Mr. Anisul Haque, Humayun Ahmed, Jafar Iqbal, Imdadul Haque Milan etc at the book fair. C ​ Cyber Café: A site for multidimensional communication Cyber Café is the centre where the Internet users can have an easy access to get all types of information. In a cyber cafe there are arranged many computers with Internet connection. Here one can use Internet paying the required amount of money. Different types of people come to a cyber cafe in quest of different types of information. The modern cyber cafe is established providing the users with all sorts of facilities including fast food facilities. Most of the students go to a cyber cafe to get help from various educational corners. At times they collect information of different universities of the world for higher education and sometimes for better job. Those days are not so far when the students can take their class lecture from anywhere of the worlds. It is also sure that some users go to a cyber cafe for gossiping with their friends through Internet. Again, one can have a telephone call with the help of net2phone and with other popular programmes and devices. Some users go there with a view to checking their emails. Some are compelled to go to a cyber cafe because their telephone lines at home remain busy with normal phoning. Going to a cyber cafe the users can get the advantages of voicemail, email, telephone, web-phone, fax, telex and even videoconference. But for videoconference the cyber cafe requires a web camera or a digital video camera that gives the facility of enjoying movie-live pictures each other of the users. Nowadays a physician can treat a patient staying in other country through Internet. Moreover, the modern professional doctors are getting opportunities to make themselves up-to-date and becoming familiar with the new and latest systems of treatments. Besides these, all types of learners are to go to a cyber cafe not only for solving their perspective problems but also for having an acquisition of wisdom from the online Encarta Encyclopaedia, Britannica and many others. Browsing homepage and purchase-corner, the users can learn the price, quality etc of different products of different companies; and they can order them sending MasterCard, Visa-Card, Ready-Cash etc. through Internet. One can download freeware software, virus-protection tools and many other essentials from the web-site of Internet. Web-TV, 3-D games, virtual-reality, IRC (Internet Relay Chat) and so on cannot but excite our mind with entertainment. But the youngsters sometimes enjoy the taboo and obscene pictures and movies that may harm their moral characters. Moreover, they may spend time and money more than necessary. After all, we can say that cyber cafe is getting more and more popular day by day for its great importance. ​ Culture and Cultural Assault: An adverse effect of satellites Culture stands for the pre-determined notions, norms, values, beliefs, customs, conventions, music, language and ways of behaviour of persons living in a particular zone. It denotes what is good and bad, what is to be done and what is not to be done. It is determined by the society through the day-to-day activities. It does not stand still and it varies from society to society, country to country and time to time. We can rightly boast of an affluent cultural heritage. We have our own cultural traits and its identity. We have miscellaneous songs based on rural and idyllic pictures of life. We have jari, sari, kobi, bhatiali, polligeeti, Lalongeeti, Nazrulgeeti, Rabindrasangeet, marufoti, swariati, murshidi and local jatrapala. We have our own food habits like rice and fish as well as ways of eating. We have our traditional dress like longyi, dhuti, shirt and punjabi for the male and sharee and blouse for the female. Eid, puja, Buddha Purnima, Christmas Day, Victory Day, Pahela Baishakh, Nabanna and Halkhata are some of our distinguished festivals. All these are our culture and cultural traits. On the contrary, culture which is not known and practised in a society is called alien culture. All alien cultures are not detrimental to a society. A native culture may be enriched and ameliorated enough with the influence of some alien cultures. But some cultures have profound impact on other cultures that might be harmful and then it will be a cultural assault. Cultural assault means bad influence of foreign cultures on any native culture. In the present global world it is quite tough to impede this cultural aggression. With the development of hi-tech media, it has been very easy for a society to be infiltrated by alien cultures. Many of the cultural elements may be influenced in this way. Our Bangladeshi culture is mostly affected because of cultural assault of other countries. Our dress pattern especially for teenagers and young generation has altered a lot. Now people like pop song and band music sung in the western style and with western musical instruments. Besides, our eating habits are also being changed. Today many of us like to take fast food outside home using chopstick, fork etc. Now our young generations prefer celebration of 31 December to that of Pahela Baishakh. They never mind celebrating the Valentine’s Day. However, to get rid of the invasion of alien culture, we should be very much strict to exercise our own culture and flourish our cultural elements. In addition to that, we have to accept miscellaneous alien cultures selectively, which will make our traditional culture more affluent. ​ ​ CHILD LABOUR ​ ‘Children are today’s investment and tomorrow’s dividend’. It does not seem to be true when we look at the thousands of children working around us, even before they begin to bloom. Child labour emerged as a serious problem during industrial evolution and it pervades the world as a global phenomenon. In Bangladesh too, it remains a ubiquitous problem. The most glaring causes that have compounded this evil are back-breaking poverty, large families, lack of free and compulsory education and ignorance of parents. Children from 8 to 12 years of age have to do manual labour. Many of them work as domestic servants. Sometimes they are engaged to work in the fields. They work in shops, hotels and restaurants. They are seen to break brick and stones. Some are found to work as street-hawkers, rickshaw-pullers and car cleaners. They work in small factories. They polish boots, sell ‘chanachur’, ‘badam’ and vegetables. They work as porters. In the platforms of big stations, they are found to work as porters and often they are found to beg. Some of them move as pick-pockets. This undoubtedly jeopardises their future for they have no choice except to work. So, all sections of people of our country as well as the government should give serious thought to this problem. The government should think about the grim situation of child labour. Child labour should be stopped by law. ​ ​ CITY LIFE ​ City life is a pleasant to the rich people. They can enjoy all sorts of comforts in cities. In cities the rich people have colleges and schools for higher education. Doctors, nurse and hospitals are available in cities. There is a good facility for trades, commerce and industry in cities. Most of the people have source of earning. There are clubs all libraries which one can join as member, and cinemas that one can enjoy for joy and pleasure. There is also good communication in the town. But city life is not free from defects. Life in a city is complex and difficult. It makes people more or less complex. People in cities are always busy with their own affairs and no time to look after another. City is rather nasty with it dust, filth and boat smell. Vehicles play constantly in cities. Accidents occur here every now and then. Cheats, pick-pockets, hijackers are abundant in cities. Even all necessary things are available in cities. We need for culture, education and amusement. So, we should try to eliminate the disadvantages of city life and this is nothing impossible to do. CHILD LABOUR The manual labour done by children is known as child labour. Today it is one of the most major problems in our developing country. It is an inhuman and brutal act. It is also treated as a sinful act. Child labour has become a very common affair in Bangladesh. The street children and the orphan boys and girls are the victims of child labour. Many of the children are engaged in houses as domestic servants and maid-servants. Today most children are engaged in garment factories, cottage industries, shops. hotels, restaurants and many small industries. Many are also seen selling flowers, betel leaves. chanachur. fruits, chocolates, polishing boots and collecting garbage, torn papers and torn clothes. Many are seen begging and catching fish in canals, rivers. haors and beels. They are also seen breaking stones and bricks, carrying brick on their heads and pulling rickshaws. Many child work as porters, in rail station and launch terminals. They have to work from dawn to desk. They have neither recreation nor leisure. 'They are always misbehaved. Sometimes they are beaten mercilessly. They get very poor wages. They are given stale food. They have no scope to receive education. They are deprived of all basic needs and rights of life. But our children are the future leaders of our country. So child labour must be stopped soon by law. Proper education should be made compulsory for them. Social awareness must be created to stop child labour. ​ ​ ​ ​ Campus Violence Education in our country is passing through a stage of crisis. Along with political unrest in the country, campus violence has become almost a daily affair. It appears that the students are there in our colleges and universities only to be engaged in violence throwing their main duty of learning something to dust. The impact of such violence is too many to be described. It may simply be said that Bangladesh is already educationally backward. The teachers are growing unconcerned about the welfare of the students. The students are growing to be more concerned about politics endless about their studies. They are gradually forming the habit of intolerance. The basic principles of democracy for which they are shouting are going to be slaughtered at their hands. The innocent students and guardians are becoming the worst sufferers. Campus violence not only ruins the academic environment but also spoils the life of the students and takes away many valuable lives. They have become puppets in the hands of the so called narrow minded politicians. The self centered narrow minded politicians exploit the innocent students and encourage them terrorism by supplying them with weapons. As campus violence is a demon and no one like to see it again, the government is also keen to make campuses violence free and making student activism a process of leadership building for future, people concerned want to see immediate steps from the government and elder politicians in this regards. The Curse of Campus Violence ​ Campus violence is one of the most inhuman and brutal acts in our free land. It is a great social curse. Campus violence refers to clashes between two rival groups of the students in the campus of an educational institution. Today campus violence is very a common scene in colleges and universities in Bangladesh. It is a great wonder that a great number of colleges and the universities have turned into the ground of clashes, violence and terrorism. In fact, an educational institution is a sacred place 41-f) to the learners for gaining education as well as knowledge. Parents send their children there to acquire and receive true and better education to make their life fruitful and successful. But this holy place often turns into the sea of blood of the innocent brilliant students. Many innocent learners take arms and weapons in their hands in place of education under the misguidance of some brutal political leaders or the terrorists or the traitors. Ignorance and illiteracy is also mainly liable for campus violence in Bangladesh. It is great obstacle t­o true and standard education. This brutal ,practice paralyze and averts our social and national development plans and programmes drastically. If violence continues , our all hopes and aspirations will turn into astray. Campus violence must be wiped out at any cost with a view to saving our young society. Public awareness must be raised. In order to wipe out this brutal act, both the teachers and the guardians must be more conscious and watchful of the students. The students should be taught the value of good moral character and patriotism. ​ Child-Labour-in- Bangladesh ​ “Child labour” defines an extremely complex set of phenomena. It is undoubtedly one of the curses of new era. Poverty poses to be a great threat in Bangladesh. Their working in the hotels or in the garments, as a tempo helper or a tokai is really pathetic. Sometimes they are engaged in full time job from tender age like domestic servant, day-laborer. It may involve too much physical pressure such as brick clinker, railway porter. In many places, children are mentally and physically oppressed during their work. But a child has right to live and survive well. Being deprived of basic rights, a child cannot become a perfect man. We should ensure their good leaving. A child should be protected from all kinds of threats and oppressions. He has the right to get educated. We should encourage them to learn. We should also ensure a child’s health and hygiene. We should try to improve their physical and mental development. A child should not be forced into labor. We must not expect income from the children. The world community has to be more conscious about this. Child labor should be banned from the society as soon as possible for a better future of the country because one who is child today will be a perfect man tomorrow. All children should be given equal privileges to grow up in the interest of mankind itself. Child trafficking ​ Child trafficking is a crime against humanity. Trafficking in persons is nothing short of modern-day slavery. It is, therefore, not only a problem for Bangladesh but rather it is a global problem. The most common forms of human trafficking in Bangladesh are, among others: trafficking for sexual exploitation, forced prostitution, domestic servitude, forced labour and other forms of exploitation. Child trafficking is now considered one of the major concerns for Bangladesh. However, various studies reveal that over 1 million women and children have been trafficked out of the country in the last 30 years. A UNICEF report says that approximately 400 women and children in Bangladesh are victims of trafficking each month. Both internal and cross-border trafficking exist in Bangladesh. In the case of internal trafficking, women and children are often taken away from their homes on false promises of a better life with good employment or by using various other criminal acts and means by the traffickers who sell them to brothels. It is mainly people from rural areas with minimal survival options and those who suffer the worst from discriminatory sociocultural practices who are lured or deceived with promises of a better life and more lucrative job opportunities in cities. At the cross-border level, victims are transported and transferred to destinations further away such as India, Pakistan and Middle Eastern countries, by using illegal acts and processes which culminate in the most corrosive forms of human rights violations and a life of unspeakable agony and torture. Cultural Assault Cultural assault means bad influence of foreign cultures on any native culture. Some cultures have profound impact on other cultures that might be harmful and then it will be a cultural assault. In the present global world it is quite tough to impede this cultural aggression. With the development of hi-tech media, it has been very easy for a society to be infiltrated by alien cultures. Many of the cultural elements may be influenced in this way. Our Bangladeshi culture is mostly affected because of cultural assault of other countries. Our dress pattern especially for teenagers and young generation has altered a lot. Now people like pop song and band music sung in the western style and with western musical instruments. Besides, our eating habits are also being changed. Today many of us like to take fast food outside home using chopstick, fork etc. Now our young generations prefer celebration of 31 December to that of Pahela Baishakh. They never mind celebrating the Valentine’s Day. However, to get rid of the invasion of alien culture, we should be very much strict to exercise our own culture and flourish our cultural elements. We can rightly boast of an affluent cultural heritage. We have our own cultural traits and its identity. In addition to that, we have to accept miscellaneous alien cultures selectively, which will make our traditional culture more affluent. ​ Courtesy in the perspective of Bangladesh and other countries ​ Courtesy means showing of politeness in ones attitude and behaviour towards others. It costs nothing but buys everything. The measure of a truly great man is the courtesy with which he treats lesser man. Saying courtesy words like thank you are simple acts of courtesy they make an impact on every one and go a long way in building long lasting meaningful relationships. Few are the words which we use with courtesy ….thank you, you are welcome, i am sorry, excuse me. The traditional greeting for Muslims is Asalamu alaikum to which the response is wa alaikum salam. The hand shake is common although they may feel rather limp. If people are of the same age, they use first names. When visiting a Bangladeshi’s home, it is more common to bring pastries, sweets or good quality chocolates. Patterns of behaviour and action vary from individual to individual, class to class, society to society and country to country. These differences are referred to as cultural differences. What is an appropriate mode of behaviour in one culture might prove inappropriate or even rude in another culture. For example, when Latin Americans talk to each other, they stand about 18 to 12 inches apart, measured nose to nose. To stand further away from each other while talking seems unfriendly, to them. In some Arab countries too, the proper and polite distance for a conversation is to be close enough to feel the other person’s breath. But in British or American society, getting so close during a conversation is considered inappropriate. An example is the informal use of first names among staff holding different status at work. Although it would be a blasphemy for a student to call his/her teachers by their first names in Bangladesh, it is quite common in British colleges and universities. ​ ​ ​ ​ Craftwork ​ A craftwork is an applied form of art, a social and cultural product reflecting the inclusive nature of folk imagination. It, which usually doesn’t bear the signature of its maker, retains a personal touch. It is shaped by the interaction of individual creativity and community aesthetics, utility functions and human values. It is distinguished by its maker’s desire to locate himself or herself in the wider and ever-changing cultural aspirations of the community, and subsequently of the market. Certain forms, shapes, styles and aesthetic preferences change little over time, suggesting that a craftwork can function as a stable signifier of community values and desires over time. Mechanical and mass production take away this feeling of assurance and stability and the sense of continuity that the handmade craftwork evokes. Traditionalists contend that the society needs to preserve the authenticity and naturalness of craftworks and their association with domesticity and environment; and, on the other, promoters of machine production argue that the machine has helped restore the appeal of the crafts due to their cheaper production costs. Crafts that are disappearing can and should be revived, even where the machine has made the prospect difficult. And crafts that are still practiced can be safeguarded and made to consolidate their position further. This can be done by providing grants, loans, assistance and other support to the producers, and helping them find a comfortable customer base. But more importantly, craftwork can be branded and successfully marketed throughout the country and beyond as there are always buyers and users of handmade products who feel a strong attraction towards such cultural productes. ​ A CELEBRATION ​ A Celebration is a matter of joy and merriment. Generally one celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. But recovery or illness is sometimes celebrated if there are many efforts after this recovery. As we go through our text book, Mrs. Murshed’s recovery of illness caused by an accident was celebrated in a usual manner. After her recovery from accident she came back her home and decided to arrange a celebration party. On a school holiday she invited all those young boys and girls who helped her to get cured. She not only invited the young teenagers but also their parents. On the celebration day, everybody was present in her house at scheduled time. At first she delivered a short speech to the guests. She thanked them all for their kind co-operation in her recovery. She also thanked them for their participation in celebration. Then she welcomed all to enjoy the feast. After the feast they enjoyed gossip, story-telling. All these things made the celebration party mirthful and enjoyable. Thus a celebration party can be arranged and enjoyed in friendly atmosphere. ​ A COLLEGE LIBRARY ​ Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. A college library is a part and parcel of any educational institute. It is the storehouse of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. It contains many books of various kinds. There are books of literature, science, philosophy, commerce, history, arts and so on. There are also some biographies, dictionaries and reference books. There are two rows of open shelves in the library. There are also sitting arrangement for the students to study and take down notes. Students can move around the shelves and choose books according to their need. The man in charge of the library is called the librarian. He keeps the records of the library and issues the students books. There are rules of borrowing and using the library books. The library is a quiet place. Students keep quiet when they enter the library. It is an ideal place for study and meditation. A library helps the students to develop their knowledge. All kinds of prosperity of a nation depend on education which is directly related to the library. It is the best teacher if students can use it properly. ​ ​ A COLLEGE CANTEEN ​ College canteen is a stall where the students, teachers, employees and guests can take light snacks as well as rice. This type of canteen is very important for the students because they can take food front there without going outside. If they go outside, it takes a lot of time and costs money for rickshaw fare. The canteen provides the students with various food items ranging from rice to bread, chicken to vegetables, sandwich to singara, coke to tea, banana to grapes etc. There area wide varieties of food for them. They can cat rice and curry or singara and tea. They can sit in the canteen or take away food from there. In some canteens there are facilities like photocopy, computer and boat stall. Students can bay books, pens, pencils etc from the stall. The canteen is usually furnished with chairs, tables. fans etc. Some canteens keep pure drinking water for the students. Students usually come to the canteen during leisure period to take food or tiffin. But some of the students come here to gossip and pass time discussing fashion, politics, personal affairs etc. Some of them come here to smoke and drink water and tea. So, canteen serves various necessities of students– both good and bad. ​ ​ A COLLEGE LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. A college library is a part and parcel of any educational institute. It is the storehouse of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. It contains many books of various kinds. There are books of literature, science, philosophy, commerce, history, arts and so on. There are also some biographies, dictionaries and reference books. There are two rows of open shelves in the library. There are also sitting arrangement for the students to study and take down notes. Students can move around the shelves and choose books according to their need. The man in charge of the library is called the librarian. He keeps the records of the library and issues the students books. There are rules of borrowing and using the library books. The library is a quiet place. Students keep quiet when they enter the library. It is an ideal place for study and meditation. A library helps the students to develop their knowledge. All kinds of prosperity of a nation depend on education which is directly related to the library. It is the best teacher if students can use it properly. ​ ​ CELEBRATION OF A RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL ​ This time I along with our family have visited our village home and spent the Eid festival there. We had reached the village two days before. My two cousins with their families also visited the village. On the eve of the Eid we passed the night in excitement, and made various preparations. Some of us used fireworks and decorated and illuminated our houses. As soon as the day dawned all rose from our beds. We had our bath. Then we dressed ourselves in the best clothes. This being over, all the male members of our family proceeded towards the ‘maidan’ to offer prayers in congregation. We also said our prayer at home. After the prayer my father and brothers came back home and we wished our grandmother, mothers and sisters together. Meanwhile mother and aunts prepared ‘shemai’ and other kinds of sweets. Then all of us took sweets with great joy and merriment. Sweets were also distributed among the poor, friends and relatives. Poor people gathered at the lawn of the houses and my grandfather gave them money and clothes. In the evening we visited the houses of our relatives and passed our time in merry-making. Everywhere we were received with utmost cordiality and hospitality. Then we came back our home. Sumptuous dinner was arranged in our home. At night we all got together and had a gossip for a long time. There we sang songs, cut jokes etc. Thus the day passed through great excitement and bustle. ​ The Last Independence Day I Celebrated ​ The independence Day is one of the most remarkable days in our national life. Our independence/ freedom is our great achievement. Our independence was declared at the mid night of 26th March in 1971. But we won the Victory on the 16th December in the same year. So the 26th March is a red letter day in our national life. Every year our nation observes the gala day to show profound love and homage to the heroic sons who died for the cause of our freedom. All educational institutions, offices, banks and organizations hold/ organize discussion meetings, cultural functions and rallies to welcome the red letter day. Every year our college also observes the joyful day in a befitting manner. The last Independence Day was observed more gorgeously in our college. The college buildings were adorned nicely. Our college arrange a discussion meeting at our college auditorium A local freedom fighter Mr Habib was the chief guest in the function. He hoisted the national flag. The students and many freedom loving persons took part in the discussion meeting. The chief guest and the Principal= spoke highly about the great sacrifice of the martyred freedom fighters. I also took part in the discussion on behalf of the students. All stressed on our poverty and hunger alleviation. In fact, the Independence is a day of joy, hopes and inspirations. The day inspires us to fight and protest against any injustice and inhuman act. Really we are proud of our independence. ​ The Last International Mother Language Day I Celebrated ​ The International Mother Language Day is one of the most remarkable days in our national life. Our Shaheed Dibash February 21 is now observed as the International Mother Language Day. The day is our great achievement. But the 21st February is the mourning day in our national life. Every nation of the world observes the day to show true love and deep homage towards the martyrs of our Language Movement. All educational institutions, offices, banks, political parties and other social organizations hoist the National Flag on the top of their buildings or office and hold discussions meetings. rallies and cultural functions to welcome the day. Every year our college also observes the day in a befitting manner. We observed the last International Mother Language Day with due respect too. The college buildings was decorated nicely. Our college arranged a discussion meeting at college auditorium. Our former Principal was the chief guest of the meeting. The students, many guardians and many educated people attended the discussion meeting. The chief guest and our Principal spoke highly about the great sacrifice of the martyrs who died for the cause of our mother language in 1952. I spoke in the meeting on behalf of the students of our college. The day has a great significance and importance in our national life. It inspires us to fight and protest against any injustice and inhuman act. ​ CELEBRATION OF MY LAST BIRTHDAY ​ One celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme has been arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests have left wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party has come to an end with joy and merriment. ​ Celebration of Pahela Baishakh in College ​ Every year Pahela Baishakh is celebrated across the country to welcome Bangla New Year. It is the first day of Bangla New Year. It is a public holiday in our country. Every educational institution or any office or any organization or any club celebrates the day every year. Every year our college also holds various special programmes on the happy day. This time too we celebrated Pahela Baishakh in our college compound in a befitting manners . Our college chalked out various ' joyful programmes including a discussion meeting and cultural functions. All the students and many I guardians attended the programmes wearing traditional rich dresses. I went to college at dawn with my grandfather wearing traditional dresses and by taking traditional foods like Panta Bath with hilsha fish and green chilly .We decorated the whole college campus with coloured papers and various flowers. Many reputed singers, poets, writers and special guests attended the joyful programmes. The Chairman of Comilla Education Board was the chief guest of the day. I recited some poems regarding Pahela Baishakh. My grandfather sang some sweet songs which were the main attraction of the function. Our Bangla teacher made funs and jokes which made all laugh wonderfully. The chief guests and the teachers delivered valuable speeches about the significance of the day. Our principal declared the end of the function thanking all at 5 pm and I returned home at 6 pm with happy mood. The day has a great importance in our life. It removes the monotony of my routine works, gives joy, removes dismal of mind and makes life cheerful. Climate Change Climate change refers to an increase in average global temperatures due to the consequence of unchecked pollution. Most climatologists opine that boh natural events and human activities are contributing to the increase in average temperatures surrounding the earth. This is caused primarily by the increases in “greenhouse” gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2). However, the main culprits for global warming are carbon di-oxide gas, and pollutants such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons. The destruction and burning down of tropical rain forests, traffic that clogs up city streets, the rapid growth of industry, the use of CFCs, detergents, maritime disaster, human and industrial waste products etc are highly responsible for this change. Now a days global warming has made the environmentalists think about the dreadful consequences. Climatologists predict that midway through the next century; temperatures may have risen by as much as 4 C. This could catastrophically reduce mankind’s ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness, raise sea levels and thereby flood coastal areas and farmland. The alarming news about Bangladesh is that as a result of the rise of the sea level, the lower southern part of the country may one day go under water. Pragmatic as well as drastic steps should be taken to create awareness to stop the causes and sources of emitting carbon dioxide. Tree plantation program should be adopted soon. These are the measures the whole world needs to be concerned with a view to preventing global warming. College Campus ​ Our college campus is an ideal one in the Upazila. Ours is an ideal and renowned college. It has a good reputation all over Bangladesh for its better education, good results and extra-curricular activities. It has a vast area. Our college campus consists of five academic buildings, one administrative building, a rich library building, a big auditorium, a modern science laboratory building, a modern computer club building, a big college canteen building, two modern hostels, a modern beautiful mosque and a big temple. There are also a big pond, a big playground, a beautiful Shaheed Minar in our college campus. About 4,000 students both male and female are studying here. The whole college campus covers 6 acres of high land near the river. There are hundreds of fruit and medicinal trees around the college compound. So the natural scenery of the college campus is matchless and spectacular. Really, our college campus is worth-seeing . It is never flooded . There is a big car park in front of the main gate of the college. Our principal room is housed in the main building. The four academic buildings and the administrative buildings are four storied each. The classes are held in the four-academic buildings. All the building are modern and south facing. So they are well-lighted and well-airy. A disciplined and lively atmosphere exists here. Our college campus is free from any chaos and disturbance. On holidays, the students from remote areas come to our college to make a picnic. We feel proud of it. We always keep it neat and clean. ​ A CULTURAL FUNCTION ARRANGED IN OUR COLLEGE ​ A cultural function is the practical and useful performance relevant to our culture. It gives us joy and helps us to improve our culture. Of many cultural functions I have attended in recent years, I remember the one that took place at our college auditorium in observance of ‘Pahela Baishakh’. The function was arranged by our college authority. Some girls wearing white sari with red corner inaugurated the programme by singing a very melodious song. After that our honourable teacher, Mr. Hasan very beautifully narrated the primitive history of Bangla year. Then started the reciting competition composed by the young poets and based on ‘Pahela Baishakh’. Mr. Nasiruddin, the Principal of our college discussed on the importance of ‘Pahela Baishaka’ in the national life of Bangladesh. The second part of the programme was arranged by different songs composed by the established poets and lyricists. The full audience made the pin-drop silence as some famous new and old singers were performing with superb melody. The third phase of the programme started with the declaring our deep and inborn relationship with ‘Pahela Baishakh’. At the end some tasty food were distributed among all the guests. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. ​ A CULTURAL FAIR I ENJOYED MOST ​ Bangladesh is a land of rich culture and heritage. Baishakhi Mela is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. A ‘Baishakhi Mela’ is an annual gathering. It is a gathering held in villages too. This year along with some of my friends I went to Baishakhi Mela held in the Dhanmondi Club playground. We went there in the afternoon. I found the fair bustling with life. There were various kinds of shops and stalls. They were full of different kinds of things such as toys, handicrafts, potteries, sweets and cakes and many handmade things. The potteries made by the students of Charukala Institute, Dhaka University attracted me most. I purchased some specimens of their potteries only. Prices of things were a great deal higher than I had anticipated. Several book-shops were also there. Children’s books were among them which were sold at a great number. In the evening a discussion was held in which the speakers were from intellectual level of our country. In the fair, people were thronged to different food shops. It also became a place for annual meeting for people. But Baishakhi Mela had a different message to give us. The cultural outlook of the young people ought to be broadened. The authorities should organise more fairs. ​ ​ ​ Our College Canteen ​ A college canteen is one of the important and useful parts of a college. An ideal college should have all teaching aids and necessary tools in order to ensure a standard education. A canteen is a place where the employees or the workers of an office or a bank or an industry or a mill take a tiffin during interval. Today a canteen is very common to any educational institutions. A college, canteen is a canteen belonging to a college. It serves tiffin and drinks to the students, staffs and the .teachers of a college during leisure hours or free time. Ours is a big and old college. More- than 2000 students both male and female are reading here. I am lucky that there is a big and modern canteen in our college compound. It is housed (located) at one corner of the college premises. It is south-facing. So it is well-airy and well-lighted. There are necessary chairs, tables and other tools in the canteen. The college canteen supplies us delicious and healthful dishes. It also supplies us hot tea and coffee. Only the students of our college gather here for tiffin during tiffin hours. No outsider is allowed here. We need not go to outside for refreshment or tiffin. We abide by the rules and discipline of our college canteen. So, a -decent er-14ronment always prevails in our college canteen. A college canteen plays a vital role in saving time and keeping sound health of the students. A standard education is not possible in a college without a canteen. So each and every college should have a good canteen in order to ensure a standard education. ​ A CULTURAL FAIR I ENJOYED MOST ​ Bangladesh is a land of rich culture and heritage. Baishakhi Mela is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. A ‘Baishakhi Mela’ is an annual gathering. It is a gathering held in villages too. This year along with some of my friends I went to Baishakhi Mela held in the Dhanmondi Club playground. We went there in the afternoon. I found the fair bustling with life. There were various kinds of shops and stalls. They were full of different kinds of things such as toys, handicrafts, potteries, sweets and cakes and many handmade things. The potteries made by the students of Charukala Institute, Dhaka University attracted me most. I purchased some specimens of their potteries only. Prices of things were a great deal higher than I had anticipated. Several book-shops were also there. Children’s books were among them which were sold at a great number. In the evening a discussion was held in which the speakers were from intellectual level of our country. In the fair, people were thronged to different food shops. It also became a place for annual meeting for people. But Baishakhi Mela had a different message to give us. The cultural outlook of the young people ought to be broadened. The authorities should organise more fairs. ​ CHARACTER ​ The crown and glory of life is character. Character includes many moral qualities such as honesty, truthfulness, kindness, sympathy, charity etc. These qualities are like jewels. They bring a man of character honour and glory. The character of a man is revealed in his action, speech and manners. Truth is the breath of a man of character. He is always true to his promise. He is a man of principles. He has sympathy for other people. He does good to others. He has a strong control over his passions. Character is more forceful than learning. A man may be vastly learned. But if he has no character, he will be respected by none. A man may not have much learning. If he has character, he wins the love and respect of the world. A man of character is an asset to the state. A nation whose citizens are men of character is sure to live on the world for ever. But a nation, whose members have no regard for honesty and character, is doomed to ruin. Character is the key-stone of success in life. It is more valuable than money and wealth. All the great men of world flourished in life by virtue of character. ​ COMPUTER ​ Computer is an electronic device which stores and processes different data and information in it. Computer was discovered mainly to perform different complicated mathematical calculations. However, it was not invented overnight. It was invented after ceaseless efforts of different scientists. Charles Babbage deserves the glory of inventing and modernising this device. Nowadays its functions are not only confined to calculation but also it performs any work useful for us. People in the modem life can hardly do without it. All mho offices, schools, colleges shanks are very much dependent on computerised automation. In the offices big piles of papers are no longer seen because all the data are stored in computer. Banking facility has risen a lot because of computerisation. We even can enjoy songs, movies and play games on computer. However computer has some bad effects as automation may curtail the human employment in offices. It may cause harm to our eyesight. So, we must be careful of the way we use it. Computer Or, The Uses and the Abuses of Computer ​ Computer is one of the most wonderful and useful inventions of modern science. Wherever we turn our eyes we can see the blessings/ inventions of science. Computer is a great success of science. It does the works of human brain. So it is called an electric brain. At first computer was invented in China. The modern computer was invented by Charles Babage. an American scientist in 1944. So he is called the father of modem computer. There are two kinds of computer like Analogue computer and Digital computer. Today Digital Computer is widely used all over the world. A computer consists of five principal units like the input unit, the output unit, the memory unit, the control unit and the arithmetic unit. A modem computer can do/ perform hundreds of difficult things within a short time. It can solve hundreds of problems within a second. Now it is being widely used in all fields such as education, medical science, agriculture, commerce,business, communication, transport. travelling, sports and games, recreation, factories, banks, shopping etc. It is widely used in printing books and preparing the results of examinations. Students are much benefited by using computer. They can learn many things within a short time. It has some defects too. It may cause brain tumour and weakens/ shortens the eye-sight of the operator. Sometimes it gives wrong information. In spite of its some defects it has wonderfully made our life easy, comfortable and happy. In order to make our life more successful we should learn the uses of computer well. ​ ​ ​ ​ COMPUTER ​ Computer is one of the greatest inventions of modern science. It is operated by software. It is an electronic machine that can perform the work done by human brain. It is used in various ways. It can perform mathematical calculations in a few minutes, which trained mathematicians would need years to complete. The faster computer can handle millions of problems in a few seconds. Without it modern civilisation is meaningless. It is used in every aspect of life. It is used in medical science, engineering, administrative fields, defence, meteorology, astrology, marine science, telex communication, industrial operation, airways, entertainment, research work etc. It has performed an imaginary revolution in the field of information technology. Nowadays Internet is used in innumerable scales. One can get entry to any library of university in anywhere of the world by browsing a computer sitting in Bangladesh. We can visit the whole world just sitting in front of it. A computer promises to free man from monotonous routine tasks. It also can run a business, play chess or even compose music. It is now being used in offices, industries and shopping centres. At present modern civilisation is meaningless without a computer. COMPUTER Computer is one of the greatest inventions of modern science. It is the miracle of modern science. It is operated by software. Without software a computer is useless. It is an electronic machine that can perform the work done by human brain. It is used in various ways. It can perform mathematical calculations in a few minutes, which trained mathematicians would need years to complete. It cannot only solve complex mathematical problems but also perform many operations at once and at the same time without any confusion. The faster computer can handle millions of problems in a few seconds. Without it modern civilisation is meaningless. It is used in every aspect of life. It is used in medical science, engineering, administrative fields, defence, meteorology, astrology, marine science, telex communication, industrial operation, airways, entertainment, research work etc. It has performed an imaginary revolution in the field of information technology. Nowadays Internet is used in innumerable scales. One can get entry to any library of university in anywhere of the world by browsing a computer sitting in Bangladesh. On-line communication is a great advantage for us. It can connect the whole world at a glance. We can visit the whole world just sitting in front of it. A computer promises to free man from monotonous routine tasks. It also can run a business, play chess or even compose music. It is now being used in offices, industries and shopping centres. At present modern civilisation is meaningless without a computer. ​ COMPUTER ​ Computer has become an integral part of life. A computer is an electronic brain which can perform many tasks. It is a versatile device which can compute and interpret information very quickly. Computer is made up of tiny electronic circuits. Every computer has a key board which acts like a typewriter. The monitor is like a TV screen which we can see. There are various softwares which can be used for various programmes. According to functions, the computer processes the information. It can do various tasks. These are nowadays used almost in every field like weather forecasting, entertainment, business, marketing, planning, design, education, publishing etc. They are even used for making films and cartoons. Computers have become so common that these are found in schools, homes, hotels and offices. It has performed an imaginary revolution in the field of information technology. Nowadays Internet is used in innumerable scales. One can get entry to any library of university in anywhere of the world by browsing a computer sitting in Bangladesh. We can visit the whole world just sitting in front of it. People can even be seen using portable computers while travelling. The software for games, general knowledge and graphics are very popular among children. Without it modern civilisation is meaningless. Computer indeed, is a wonder of modern science. ​ A Computer Exhibition/ Fair A computer exhibition is a fair where computer and its functions are displayed and exhibited to the common people. So to make computer,.more popular to every fields, computer fairs are held in towns and cites in every country. Today a computer fair is also very common and popular in our country. Every year-, a computer fair is also held in every capital cities in Bangladesh. A world famous computer exhibition is held at Shere-E-Bangla Nagar in Dhaka every year. A computer exhibition displays different brands and function of computer made by different companies of different countries. Computer soft wares and hard wares are also displayed in a computer exhibition to make computer more popular in every sector/ field. People of all ages gather in a computer exhibition. Specially, science students and computer lovers visit a great extent because the buyers get inspired for buying computers. The value of a computer exhibition is very great in our life. We can learn newer and important information and programmes by visiting a computer exhibition regularly. A science student can learn a lot of valuable and important new informationabout computer world by visiting a computer. exhibition. ​ Character ​ Character is the combination of habits. It is the crown and glory of life. Honesty, truthfulness, sympathy, charity and other good qualities constitute character. A man of character does good to everybody. He is always honest and generous in his views. He is also a man of principle. He is respected by all. He never plays tricks with his friends. He encourages other people also. A man without character is like a beast. He may be rich or educated, but he is disliked by all. He is a curse to the society. Everybody hates him. Such a person lives a miserable life ultimately. Indeed, a man of character is an asset to the state. A child's character is built up from childhood. Heredity is also a great element to build up character. Environmental influence also plays an important role in moulding one's character. Character brings fame. It makes a man immortal. All the great persons of the world were men of character. Thus we should remember the maxim, 'When wealth is lost, nothing is lost, when health is lost, something is lost, but when character is lost, everything is lost'. ​ Our College Common Room ​ A college common room is a place where the students of a college get together and spend their free time by reading books and magazines or by playing indoor games or by gossiping. It is an important part of education. Every school or college belongs to a common room, big or small. A college common room is' one which belongs to a college. Ours is a very old and big college in the district. It has a good reputation throughout the country. There is a big common room for the students in our college campus. It is located on the ground floor of the main building of our college. It is decorated nicely. It faces to the south. So it is well-airy and well-lighted. There is a nice arrangement for indoor games in our college common room. In a word, the students of our college enjoy all recreational facilities in the college common room during leisure hours and off periods. The room has chairs, desks and table and other necessary tools for the students. We spend our leisure hours and off periods in the common room by playing indoor games, by reading newspapers and magazine and by watching educational programmes on the TV screen. The female students usually spend their free time by playing indoor games in our college common room. It is a great attraction for us. We always keep it neat and clean. We abide by the rules and discipline of the common room. A lively atmosphere `f) exists in our college common room. No outsider or smoker is allowed here. It is free from all kinds of pollutions. Without a nice common room, the college life becomes dismal and gloomy. It removes the monotony of hard studies of the student. So a college common room is a must for each and even, college. ​ Our College Hostel ​ A college hostel is a place belonging to a college. A college hostel is very common to every college. Generally the students coming from distant places reside (put up) in the college hostel. Ours is an old and big college in the district. There is a big and modern hostel for the students of our college. It is housed near the big college pond. It is a U shaped and three storied modem building. It faces to the south. So it is well-airy and well-lighted. About 200students reside here. Our college hostel has 30 rooms including a big dinning hall and a big common room. There is a nice and big office room for our hostel superintendent. Prof. Mr. Shaheed is the superintendent of our college hostel. He regularly visits it. In the common room there are all sorts of arrangement for recreation and amusement . There is also a set. of TV at one corner in it. So the students who stay here spend their off periods by watching TV, by playing indoor and outdoor games aril by reading newspapers and magazines. Studious students concentrate on their studies without any disturbance in the hostel. Inattentive students get a chance to concentrate themselves on their studies here. Besides, the weak students can get any help and suggestion from the bright ones in the hostel. 'Me lively and disciplined atmosphere exists in our college hostel. All abide by the strict rules and discipline of the hostel. A hostel has a great value to a student. A college hostel teaches a student how to adjust with others in a new circumstance and helps to make better results in the exam. ​ Our College Magazine ​ college magazine is an annual or periodical publication of the students and the teachers of a college. It is an important part of education. Only bookish knowledge cannot meet the thirst of knowledge of a student. A college magazine plays a vital role in widening the kingdom of knowledge of a student. Almost every college publishes a magazine every year. Ours is an old and ideal college in the district. It has a fame for standard education and extra- curricular activities all over the country. Every year our college publishes an important and successful magazine. The title of our college magazine is "The light of life." A magazine committee is formed in a general meeting of the students and the teachers. The principal of our college is the chief patron of the magazine committee of our college magazine. A senior professor of our college becomes the adviser of the committee. Four members are selected from the senior students of our college. The four members of the committee. assist them for editing and proof-reading and other needful jobs of the magazine. Both the students and the teachers write the necessary articles both in Bangla and English in our college magazine. Our college magazine contains short stories, short essays, poems, riddles, general knowledge etc. The magazine also contains the valuable speeches and messages of the principal and the teachers of our college. All the members of the committee perform their respective duties honestly to publish a magazine in time. A magazine has a great educative value. Both the teachers and the students get scope to show their creative power, thoughts and views through the college magazine. The magazine inspires the students and the teachers to form the habit of reading, writing and buying magazines regularly. ​ Our College Library ​ A library is a room or a building having/ containing a large number of books on different branches of different poets, writers and scholars. A college library is a. library belonging to a college. A library is an important part of education. A school or college can not run well without a library. So every college has a library. Ours is a big and old college in the Upazila. There is a rich library in our college. It is on the ground floor of our college building. It is south facing. So it is well airy and well lighted. It is nicely decorated (TAM). There are 5 thousand books on history, religion, culture, sports and games, computer, science, agriculture and English grammar etc. in our college library. The books are well arranged in selves and in almirahs. The librarian of our college library is very experienced and expert. He is very friendly, helpful, co-operative, dutiful and honest. He always helps us in reading books in library. There is a big reading room in the library. The students can read books in the reading room during off periods. We can borrow books by showing library cards. No outsider is allowed to read books here. It remains open ((*M VM) from I am to 5 pm. We are proud of our college library. We always keep it neat and clean. In fine, it can be said that a college library plays a vital role in making goad results. ​ ​ A CULTURAL FUNCTION I HAVE ATTENDED ​ A cultural function is the practical and useful performance relevant to our culture. It gives us joy and helps us to improve our culture. Of many cultural functions I have attended in recent years, I remember the one that took place at our school auditorium in observance of ‘Pahela Baishakh’. The function was arranged by our school authority. Some girls wearing white sari with red corner inaugurated the programme by singing a very melodious song. After that our honourable teacher, Mr. Hasan very beautifully narrated the primitive history of Bangla year. Then started the reciting competition composed by the young poets and based on ‘Pahela Baishakh’. Mr. Nasiruddin, the Headmaster of our school discussed on the importance of ‘Pahela Baishaka’ in the national life of Bangladesh. The second part of the programme was arranged by different songs composed by the established poets and lyricists. The full audience made the pin-drop silence as some famous new and old singers were performing with superb melody. The third phase of the programme started with the declaring our deep and inborn relationship with ‘Pahela Baishakh’. At the end some tasty food were distributed among all the guests. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. ​ A CULTURAL FUNCTION I HAVE ATTENDED A cultural function is the practical and useful performance relevant to our culture. It gives us joy and helps us to improve our culture. Of many cultural functions I have attended in recent years, I remember the one that took place at our school auditorium in observance of ‘Pahela Baishakh’. The function was arranged by our school authority. Some girls wearing white sari with red corner inaugurated the programme by singing a very melodious song. After that our honourable teacher, Mr. Hasan very beautifully narrated the primitive history of Bangla year. Then started the reciting competition composed by the young poets and based on ‘Pahela Baishakh’. Mr. Nasiruddin, the Headmaster of our school discussed on the importance of ‘Pahela Baishaka’ in the national life of Bangladesh. The second part of the programme was arranged by different songs composed by the established poets and lyricists. The full audience made the pin-drop silence as some famous new and old singers were performing with superb melody. The third phase of the programme started with the declaring our deep and inborn relationship with ‘Pahela Baishakh’. At the end some tasty food were distributed among all the guests. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. Computer ​ Computer is the latest miracle of modern science. It has become a part and parcel of modern age. An American scientist named Howard Aiken invented the computer in 1944. Now its use is world-wide. It has revolutionised modern life and civilization. Its use covers every aspect of life. It has almost become a substitute for man. Nowadays, a computer is used in various ways. It is being used in schools, colleges, banks, hospitals, offices, airports, shops, factories, laboratories and almost everywhere. It is the most sophisticated electronic brain 'doing all sorts of difficult calculations, keeping records and storing data for us'. It is used in "adding up columns of figure or flying an airplane on a fixed beam". In the field of medical examination it has simply done wonders. It is also used in weather forecasting. It solves the unemployment problem to a large extent in our country. It has quickened and simplified the process, which no human brain can do. It has thus saved time and labour. In a word, we can say that it has made our life easier in this universe. ​ ​ THE CELEBRATION A Celebration Party is a matter of joy and merriment. Generally one celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. But recovery or illness is sometimes celebrated if there are many efforts after this recovery. As we go through our text book, Mrs. Murshed’s recovery of illness caused by an accident was celebrated in a usual manner. After her recovery she came back her home and decided to arrange a celebration party. On a school holiday she invited all those young boys and girls who helped her to get cured. She not only invited the young teenagers but also their parents. On the celebration day, everybody was present in her house at scheduled time. At first she delivered a short speech to the guests. She thanked them all for their kind co-operation in her recovery. She also thanked them for their participation in celebration. Then she welcomed all to enjoy the feast. After the feast they enjoyed gossip, story-telling. All these things made the celebration party mirthful and enjoyable. Thus a celebration party can be arranged and enjoyed in friendly atmosphere. ​ THE CELEBRATION OF BANGLA NEW YEAR ​ Different cultures have different occasions. Various cultures all over the world celebrate various events at different times of the year. These range from small 'family occasions like births, marriages and deaths to weeklong festivals involving thousands of people. Baishakh is the first month of the Bangla year. So, people in Bangladesh are accustomed to celebrating the Bangla New Year. The newyear is celebrated traditionally and some people think superstitiously that if they pass the beginning of the year happily, the whole year will go fine. However, people in rural and urban areas don't observe the occasion in the same way. In the rural areas, people make sweets and pithas, wear. new dresses and arrange feasts. In important areas. fair is held. In these fairs, people buy and sell their hand-made articles which include earthen pots, dolls and different toys. Children like to buy sweets and light foods. In some places cultural functions are arranged. In urban areas, the celebration differs but not much. In cities people come out of their houses early in the morning. Men wear punjabi-pajamas and women wear yellow and white sarees. People gather at a place where cultural activities are arranged. These cultural activities include dancing and singing. Rallies, procession and fairs arc also held. People like to eat 'pants bhat' and hilsa fish which can be bought at fairs. People feel joyous and happy as they celebrate the new year. ​ Corruption ​ Bangladesh is beset/ troubled with various frightful problems. Corruption is one of the most major problems in our country. Corruption means illegal and dishonest activities of the high authority of different sectors. Now-a-days corruption has become a very common word to each and every authority of every sector. Our some brute politicians and some police men are also greatly liable for corruption. Now it is a very common practice to the politicians, to the officers and to the clerk. During the last three times Bangladesh has been identified as the most corrupted land in the world. There are many reasons of corruption in Bangladesh. Greed and dishonesty are the main causes of corruption. Unpatriotism and bad moral character are also the another prime causes of corruption. The effect of corruption is very alarming and panic. It has already sucked up the life of our national economy and broken down the back bone of our development. Our development plans, efforts and programmes have been destroyed tremendously. As a result, various crimes, offences, sinful acts and lawlessness have increased in ever fields s and sectors. Our productive sectors and agriculture are almost dead. Extreme poverty and price hike are going on in our country. Owing to the corrupted people must be punished and controlled with an iron hand in order to reach our desired goal. All conscious people along with government must come forward to prevent and root out corruption from the country. It is a happy news that our present government have already adopted and started campaign to stamp out corruption from the country. If we fail to wipe out corruption, our 'freedom will be meaningless. ​ CRISIS IN THE CITIES ​ ‘God made the country and man made the town’. Therefore town is a product of man. Town life has some distinct characteristics. The people living in the cities suffer from different types of crisis in the cities. It is very costly to live in the city. People in cities find life very busy and routined. They can hardly ever stand at one place for long. They are continuously entrapped in motion and rush. They must move as must the water of the river. Everyone tries to have his interests fulfilled. So they are selfish to the backbone. At every step a person meets deceit, fraud and dishonesty in the city. People have little or no sympathy for one another. The city grows in a small area with a large population. The houses here are congested. Light and air cannot enter into it freely. Here life is threatened by severe environmental pollutions caused by dust, smoke, buzz, smell of carbon mono-oxide, continuous obnoxious sounds of motor vehicles and factories, filths and hardened touch of bricks tiles and pavements. Cars, buses, taxies, lorries, scooters and rickshaws ply along the streets from morning to midnight. There are street accidents, traffic jams. All these tell upon the nerves of the people living in the town. ​ ​ My Daily Routine Without maintaining a daily routine our life can not be successful and fruitful . A daily routine is a must to everyone to make a decent life. So, everyone should maintain a daily routine. A daily routine/ life denotes ("M) the dally activities of our life. I am a student of class xi. I maintain/ follow a daily routine properly. I get up from bed before sunrise. I wash my face and hands and say my morning prayers at mosque in time. Then I walk in the open field for half an hour. Then I have my breakfast go to my reading room and learn my lessons for two hours. Next, I take bath and my meal. I start for college at 9 ann. Our Language Day has been recognized as the International Mother Language Day on the 30th General Assembly of the USNESCO on November 17 in 1999. Different organizations and institutions chalk out different programmes on the day to pay proper homage to our language martyrs. On the day thousands of people of all ages and classes assemble at the Central Shaheed Minar on bare footed to show respect and love to the language martyrs. February 21 reminds that these who died for mother tongue are always alive in the hearts of the country men. ​ DAILY ROUTINE My day starts just before the cock crows. I leave my bed early in the morning and take preparation for my morning prayer. After saying my prayer, I walk in the field adjacent to our house for half an hour. As I return from my walk, I feel like a second spell of sleep. But I have to get up soon because mother never allows me to remain in bed after sunrise. I start my studies at 6-30 and prepare my lessons till 9-30. I go to bathe then. I finish my bath and breakfast quickly. I start for school. Our school sits at 10-30 a. m. and breaks up at 3-30 p.m. I always listen attentively to what my teachers say and teach in the class. I go home straight after school. Then I spend the afternoon with friends in the playground or in the house of one of our friends, then home again as darkness starts falling. I wash my hands, feel and mouth. Mother brings me some light refreshment. Then I sit at my desk and do my study for at least three hours. When it is time for eating, all the members of our family meet in the dining room. We eat together and exchange our day’s experience with one another. Then we pass some of our time in watching television. This is the time when we have some fun and feel absolutely relaxed. I generally go to bed before it is 11 o’clock. This is, in short, the description of a usual day in my life. But I don’t follow this routine all the days of the week. There are departures from it on holidays. On holidays, I am very busy with my personal sundry tasks. But I perform my daily activities smoothly and enjoy equally everyday of the week. D Deforestation: An unwise act leading to disasters ​ Deforestation means cutting down trees in large number. The causes of deforestation are many. Bangladesh is one of the most densely-populated countries in the world. Her population is much more in proportion to its area. This huge number of population needs more food, shelter, agricultural land, fuel, furniture, medicine etc. People cut trees for various purposes. Most of the villagers cut down trees to use them as fuel. Some of them use trees as wood, wooden furniture and some sell trees for getting quick profit. There are some dishonest people who cut trees in the forests to make money. The effects of deforestation are too many to describe. This destruction disturbs our ecological balance. The existence of wildlife is going to be threatened. Due to deforestation carbon dioxide is increasing worldwide. As a result, the world is becoming warmer. The sea level is rising and many parts of the world are going to be engulfed by the sea in near future. On the other hand, new areas of the world are turning into deserts as a result of deforestation. The removal of trees causes birds and other animals living on them to leave the place. It also causes serious damage to the soil, as trees give protection to soil as well. Aftermaths, the soil gets sediment in the riverbed and causes frequent floods. So, if we destroy trees at random, one day the country may turn into a great desert. All living animals and birds will not find any food or shelter to live in. That’s why they will be destroyed. There will be no rain and as a result our agriculture will face a great crisis. The temperature will rise and it will cause green house effect. The country will be unsuitable for living and various natural calamities like flood, drought, storm, earthquake etc. will visit our coun try. Immediate measures should be taken to prevent deforestation. People should be made aware of tree plantation through mass media. And tree plantation programme should be extended throughout the country so that we can make our country evergreen, fruitful and prosperous. ​ CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF DIARRHOEA Diarrhoea is a common disease in our country. It is an epidemic. It usually breaks out after the visitation of floods and in scorching summer season. People who do not maintain the cleanliness are often attacked by diarrhoea. Every year many people including children are attacked by diarrhoea in our country. When people are attacked by diarrhoea, they suffer from the deficiency of water, which is called dehydration. Diarrhoea spreads through contaminated food and water. So drinking unsafe water or eating contaminated food causes diarrhoea. In some areas people live in congested houses and drink contaminated water. Such people are often attacked with diarrhoea. The patients feel weak and vomit every now and then and emptying of bowels are frequent. People attacked by diarrhoea feel thirsty and suffer from malnutrition. If this situation continues, the patient gradually grows weaker. Sometimes the condition becomes so fatal; it even causes the patient death. To recover from illness, primarily rehydration mixture is prescribed to the patients. Along with the oral saline, patients are advised to take all types of food items regularly. To prevent diarrhoea people should drink safe water, eat fresh food and keep the environment safe and healthy. They should wash hands with soap or ash before eating and after using the toilet. Using sanitary latrine is indispensable for keeping the environment healthy. Above all, Maintenance of cleanliness is a must for a patient of diarrhoea. ​ THE EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION ​ Tree is one of the most mentionable gifts of nature. In many ways it is very useful to us. Trees produce oxygen which is the vital ingredient for life. Besides, we need them for many more reasons. Trees make the land fertile. They save the land from erosion. They provide us with wood and other products. They give us shade and they help to prevent droughts and floods. They cause rain. They save our houses from cyclone and tidal bore. They also provide us different types of crops and nutritious fruits which are full of food values. Above all, trees make a balance in the environment. So life cannot be imagined without trees or forest. On the other hand, we know ‘deforestation’ means removing trees or forest from one place. A very few people care to plant new trees. Our country is now at a deficit in necessary timber. One of the main reasons is that people in rural areas indiscriminately cut trees for getting firewood. They use it as fuel. But our people are simply careless for planting new trees in the place of the old one. If there are no trees, there will be little or no rainfall. Then there will be a great change in the whole atmosphere. As a result the whole country may turn into a desert. So, Rabindranath, the great poet rightly said, “Give back the forest, take your town.” Hence we have to realize the bad effect of deforestation and plant more and more trees in the roads and highways, in the houses and there where a land remains unused. ​ Diaspora ​ The term diaspora is used to refer to the movement of people who have left their ancestralhomelands and settled in other parts of the world, either because they were forced to do so or because they wanted to leave on their own. The word is increasingly used for such people as a collective group and/or a community. Its origin is traced in thousands years back. In the Bible there is reference of diaspora. In the history of human civilization, we find a number of events of it. The world has seen many diasporas but scholars have been studying the phenomenon with great interest only in recent decades. They have distinguished between different kinds of exoduses based on its causes such as imperialism, trade or labour migrations or by the kind of social coherence. Among the great diasporas of history is that of the Jewish people, who were forced to leave their lands in ancient times. Their ancestor Abraham was forced to leave Iraq and took shelter in Egypt. Then his offspring Jews were forced to leave Egypt and settled themselves in Palestine. In twentieth century history, the Palestinian diaspora has attracted a lot of attention and been a cause of concern for world leaders because of the plight of Palestinians. The movement of Aryans from Central Europe to the Indian sub-continent thousands of years ago is also a noteworthy diaspora, although the causes of this diaspora are unclear. There have been massive diasporas in Africa, too, over the centuries, either because of war or because of the ravages of nature. But the chief reason why the phenomenon of diaspora is attracting so much attention now is globalization. ​ DIARRHOEA Diarrhoea is a common disease in our country. It is an epidemic. It usually breaks out after the visitation of floods and in scorching summer season. People who do not maintain the cleanliness are often attacked by diarrhoea. Every year many people including children are attacked by diarrhoea in our country. When people are attacked by diarrhoea, they suffer from the deficiency of water, which is called dehydration. Diarrhoea spreads through contaminated food and water. So drinking unsafe water or eating contaminated food causes diarrhoea. In some areas people live in congested houses and drink contaminated water. Such people are often attacked with diarrhoea. The patients feel weak and vomit every now and then and emptying of bowels are frequent. People attacked by diarrhoea feel thirsty and suffer from malnutrition. If this situation continues, the patient gradually grows weaker. Sometimes the condition becomes so fatal; it even causes the patient death. To recover from illness, primarily rehydration mixture is prescribed to the patients. Along with the oral saline, patients are advised to take all types of food items regularly. To prevent diarrhoea people should drink safe water, eat fresh food and keep the environment safe and healthy. They should wash hands with soap or ash before eating and after using the toilet. Using sanitary latrine is indispensable for keeping the environment healthy. Above all, Maintenance of cleanliness is a must for a patient of diarrhoea. ​ ​ ​ DEFORESTATION ​ ‘Deforestation’ means removing trees or forest from one place. This is the problem haunting the whole world. According to the ecologists, for liveable environment there should be forest on the 25% land of the total land area. In Bangladesh there is 16% forest of the total land. To meet up the basic needs of food and housing, man is destroying forest without caring for the ecological imbalance. Our country is now at a deficit in necessary timber. One of the main reasons is that people in rural areas indiscriminately cut trees for getting firewood. But our people are simply careless for planting new trees in the place of the old one. Green patches of land are no more green. New areas of the world are getting deserts as an immediate effect of deforestation. The removal of trees causes the birds and other animals living on them to leave the place. It also causes serious damage to the soil, as trees give protection to soil as well. Moreover, the soil gets sediment in the river bed and causes frequent floods. In absence of trees carbon-di-oxide is increasing worldwide. As a result, there is global warming. The sea level is rising. Any time in future the earth may be engulfed by seas. Hence we have to realise the bad effect of deforestation and plant more and more trees in the roads and highways, in the houses and there where land remains unused. The Curse of Deforestation ​ Deforestation denotes the indiscriminate cutting down of trees and the burning down of forests. Today it is a global problem too. It is getting very acute form all over the world day by day. Everyday huge fire wood is used as fuel in brickfields and for cooking food. Besides, a lot of wood is used for making furniture, houses, boats, ships, shops and many other purposes. Illiteracy is the root cause of defore8tation. Population explosion and acute poverty are the major reasons of deforestation in our country. Public unawareness is the another principal reason of this unwise act. As a result of deforestation, carbon-di-oxide is increasing in the air rapidly. It causes global warming. It hampers ecological balance. It brings about various natural disasters .It affects our agriculture drastically. It also causes acute river-erosion which engulfs huge cultivable land, many houses, roads. culverts, schools and colleges etc. every year. Deforestation endangers the wild life and our decent life on earth. As a result of deforestation, the sea-level is increasing at an alarming rate. Random destruction of trees and forest must be stopped by enacting new and strict law and by creating social awareness and by removing illiteracy from the society. Population problem must be controlled and early marriage must be banned. The widespread use of wood must be stopped and the danger of deforestation should be telecast widely through mass media. Tree plantation programme must be made successful to subdue deforestation. ​ ​ Drug addiction ​ Drug addiction refers to such state of not being able to stop taking illegal harmful substances like heroin, opium, marijuana, morphine, cocaine, phensidyl etc that people take through smoking, inhaling or injection. It being a brain disease leads to changes in the structure and function of the brain . It can lead to a range of both short-term and long-term mental and physical health problems. Unemployment problem, environmental factors, political unrest, family feud, lack of love and affection lead a man to frustration which is the main cause of drug addiction. It destroys us morally, physically and financially. Dependence on drugs can create a number of dangerous and damaging complications. People who are addicted to a drug are more likely to get an infectious disease, such as HIV, either through unsafe sex or by sharing needles. Young people involved in crimes to get money for taking drugs. Behavioral changes may cause marital or family conflict and custody issues. It can also cause declining performance at work, absenteeism and eventual loss of employment. The best way to prevent an addiction to a drug is not to take the drug at all. Drug-addicts must be treated with love and kindness. A strong, stable bond between you and your child will reduce your child’s risk of using or misusing drugs.The society should take strong measures to control the dishonest businessmen and drug-traffickers. The highest punishment of dealing in or smuggling drugs is death in Bangladesh. There are laws of drug-control all over the world, yet drug-addiction is increasing gradually. What is needed an anti-drugs consciousness among the youth of the different countries. ​ Dowry System: A heinous social curse The most heinous system prevalent in our country is the dowry system. We often read in newspapers that wives especially newly married girls are tortured by their husbands in all possible ways. It is, therefore, regarded as a social evil and has become pressing problem to be solved. To eradicate this social evil, we must find the loophole and one should remain satisfied with mere laws and by-laws or enactment of some rules. Total change in the outlook of the society is the crying need at this moment. As it is a social evil, we are to tackle it socially. Society must be free from the idea of disparity and false feudal values, which do not recognise woman as the equal partner of man. Social and public boycotts are two of the main weapons that may be used. Additionally, strong legal measures should be taken against the erring parents who are indulging in this practice. Young men and women must come forward to put an end to this disgraceful system. Very often we move from one seminar to another, but there is no co-ordination between our words and our actions. We are not evaluating our movements, nor monitoring actions. While on one hand the dowry-related crimes continue to increase, on the other hand the programmes aimed at stopping dowry also continue to flourish. Of course, we should not belittle the struggle that has been continuing against dowry. As the problem of dowry springs from a male-dominated, poor and backward society, the movement against this issue must include socio-economic, cultural, political forces and women’s organisations. The political parties and government must match word with action. General inequality is a major cause of dowry. Improving women’s position in society would be an effective measure against dowry. The over-extravagant expenses for weddings and marriage-related functions must be curtailed as the bridegrooms often take dowry so as to meet these costs. The girl’s guardians must also be conscious about the issue. A girl should be brought up to be self-dependent. There is a tendency for the girl and the girl’s family to simply tolerate the oppression because of risk the marriage’s breaking up. The families must resort to legal action rather than encourage the girl to bear the oppression due to social shame and honour. Educated girls are also asked for dowry, but the poor illiterate girls have no alternative if abandoned by their husbands for dowry. Unfortunately in the rural areas, the daughters of poor farmers often study and work in order to earn enough money to pay dowry. The activists of all spheres against dowry must keep these factors in mind to eradicate dowry effectively. ​ Dowry System Dowry means property or money brought by a bride to her husband when they get married. Nowadays the system of giving and taking dowry in marriage is more prevalent in Bangladesh. To eradicate this social evil, we should remain satisfied with mere laws and by-laws or enactment of some rules. Total change in the outlook of the society is the crying need at this moment. Young men and women must come forward to put an end to this disgraceful system. The political parties and government must match word with action. General inequality is a major cause of dowry. Improving women’s position in society would be an effective measure against dowry. The girl’s guardians must also be conscious about the issue. A girl should be brought up to be self-dependent. There is a tendency for the girl and the girl’s family to simply tolerate the oppression because of risk the marriage’s breaking up. The families must resort to legal action rather than encourage the girl to bear the oppression due to social shame and honour. Educated girls are also asked for dowry, but the poor illiterate girls have no alternative if abandoned by their husbands for dowry. Unfortunately in the rural areas, the daughters of poor farmers often study and work in order to earn enough money to pay dowry. The activists of all spheres against dowry must keep these factors in mind to eradicate dowry effectively. ​ ​ Digital Bangladesh ​ Digital Bangladesh means digitalizing Bangladesh by ensuring an ICT based society where information will be available on line. Here all the possible tasks of government or semi-government will be performed using digital technology. The motto of digital Bangladesh is to establish technology based digital governance, e-commerce, e-agriculture, e-production, e-education etc. The benefits of digital Bangladesh are many. If we can establish a digital Bangladesh, corruption will be reduced radically. It will make people think globally and connect them with the whole world economically, socially, politically, academically and even culturally. It will improve our banking and financial activities. Agriculture, health, education, commerce – all these sections will be highly benefited by making Bangladesh a digital one. To make our country digital first of all, uninterrupted power supply has to be ensured and we have to develop computer network skill and ensure equitable access. Finally, our education should be computer based and in primary and secondary schools students should get easy access to the computer. Some products like software and TV programmes are also amenable to digital transmission. We will be able to buy and sell goods through the electronic screen if we can make a Digital Bangladesh. Undoubtedly, encouraging development towards digitalization of Bangladesh by 2021 can be possible. The ambitious dream for a Digital Bangladesh will remain a dream if the government can not equip the people with the technology needed for establishing the digital era. ​ Duties of a Student Or, Students and Social Service ​ Students are the greatest force as well as the future leaders of a Country. They can build or destroy a nation. The primary duty of students is to acquire knowledge and to make themselves worthy citizens. It is needless to say that they get much time for merry making, playing, amusements, touring etc. apart from their routine life of study.Then they should pay attention to the welfare of the society. Students have no worries about earning their livelihood. They have strength and capacity. Students should go to the villages and serve the villagers during vacation. They can make the illiterate masses aware of their rights and duties. Hence the students can guide the people of digging canals or constructing educational institutions. Sympathy and fellow feeling should be imparted the students to do some noble works for the people. Students can co-operate with people on matters of public interest such as education, sanitation, trade and commerce. Students can participate in cleaning drains, ponds during the leisure hours. They can help people during natural calamities such as earth quake, flood, drought, cyclone by collecting funds from different sources. Students have a spirit to work but the guardians and, teacher should guide them in the right way. Student must be the servants of humanity. The aim of all true education is to teach a man how to live and lot others live. A student can learn this though social service. He gains experience, courage and confidence. Thus social service makes him fit for the greater world. DENGUE FEVER ​ Dengue fever is a disease of Aedes mosquito-borne infection. Aedes mosquito bites during day and transmits dengue virus. It breeds in clean stagnant water both indoor and outdoor. If a person is infected, its symptoms become apparent in four to six days. Dengue virus originating from Africa, is now endemic in most tropical countries of Asia. According to the information of medical science at first dengue fever was experienced at Philadelphia in 1780. Death due to infection of dengue fever occurred in Australia in 1837. Dengue fever has broken out in Bangladesh in recent years. There are two types of dengue fever. They are classical dengue fever and Dengue Haemmorrhagic fever is fatal and it causes death with bleeding. There are four serotypes of dengue virus, such as DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4. DEN-2 and DEN-3 are more serious. Dengue mosquito is about 5 millimetres in size with stripe on the body and legs and can fly up to about 50 metres at a time. It breeds in small pots, jars, drums and discarded plastic containers and tyres. It lives on blood and it Aedes female mosquitoes cannot breed without blood. There is no antidote of dengue virus. So we should take immediate action to prevent this disease. ​ DRUG ADDICTION ​ Drug addiction is a social problem. But it is no longer a social problem of specific society, it has become a global issue. The number of drug addicts has increased all over the world. Especially, in the under-developed countries the picture is very alarming. Many young people have become addicted to drugs in our country. Reasons for this addiction are many. Of them political interest, unemployment, lack of family ties are some of the main reasons which make them addicted to drugs. Out of complete frustration they become drug addicts. Drug traffickers also play a major role to instigate the young generation to this fatal habit. Once anybody takes to this habit he can hardly give it up. Many young people who suddenly become drug addicts find difficult times to buy the costly drugs marketed by the organized drug dealers. When their financial sources to buy drugs become exhausted, they commit many social crimes. Their crimes include looting, hijacking, killing, robbery and abduction. Drug addicts also become a burden for the society. They never enjoy sound health and become crippled, in most cases die, very shortly. Drugs have serious bad impacts on the human mind and body. It is a serious national issue of utmost importance. The government, the police, the local civil administration, the political parties, the parents and the common people must respond to the issue with concerted efforts to stop this fatal practice among the young generation of the country. ​ ​ The Curse of Drug Addiction Or, Drug Addiction ​ Drug addiction means strong attraction for taking harmful drugs such as wine, opium, morphine and heroine etc. It is the most injurious habit of a man's life. It is a curse to human civilization Today it has become the global problem too. When a person once starts taking drugs, he cannot stop taking it. It is an alarming news that many students in our society have already addict to drug-addiction. Bad association is one of the prime causes of this henious habit. Unemployment problem, restless politics and lack of family ties are liable for this dangerous habit. Some people take drugs to forget their past painful and sorrowful memories, some for amusement and some as a fashion. In order to collect money, the addicts commit various social crimes and sinful acts such as hijacking, smuggling, stealing, snatching, looting, killing etc. An addict always feels drowsy (sleepy) and suffers from severe headache. He totally loses his dignity in the society. He also loses the love and affection of his near and dear ones. Various natal diseases engulf him. He suffers from physical weakness, s, high blood pressure and many other fatal diseases. His kidneys and livers also get damaged seriously. This dangerous habit leads an addict to death. It is high time we started a strong campaign against drug addiction to save our young society as well as the nation. Illiteracy and ignorance must be driven away from the society. Social awareness can play a vital role in eradicating drug addiction. If we fail to stamp out this terrific habit, our all development plans and efforts will be fruitless and meaningless. ​ ​ EARLY RISING ​ Early rising is the habit of getting up from bed early in the morning. It is a very good habit. The habit is beneficial to health. The man who rises early finds time to take some sort of exercise or a walk in the morning air. The morning air refreshes both body and mind. This certainly improves our health and increases our capacity to work. The habit gives us an opportunity to enjoy the beauties of Nature. There is a calm and serene atmosphere everywhere. In the morning all Nature is fresh and beautiful, trees are vocal with the songs of birds, flowers smile everywhere and the din and bustle of the day is absent. Enjoyment of these natural beauties sharpens our feelings and makes us cheerful and healthy. The beautiful gifts and coloured nature in the morning remind everybody of the Almighty. An early riser has many advantages. The habit enables him to begin his day’s work early. He has, therefore plenty of time to do it thoroughly. He gets the start in everything before others, who keep late in bed. He is never in haste. As he has more time to work, he can earn more and thus becomes wealthy. So, the habit of early rising is the source of health. Early Rising ​ Early rising is one of the good habits of a man's life. The habit of getting up from bed early at morning is known as early rising. This good habit plays an important role in making a life successful, comfortable, fruitful and happy. Regarding this good habit there is a wise English saying. "Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise." In fact, it is a true proverb. Fresh air and pure oxygen are very essential to sound a health and long life. It is the only early riser who can enjoy fresh air and pure oxygen in the morning. The fresh and cool air refreshes both our mind and body. An early riser gets enough time to finish his works properly in time. He never puts off his today's work for tomorrow. The student who rises early in the morning can learn more and can make a better result in the exam. On the other hand a late riser can earn poor and leads a poor and sorrowful life. He is deprived of the facilities and pleasure of life. He is deprived of enjoying the real beauty of nature. But an early riser leads a happier, healthier and longer life. I am an early riser. So I am healthy and always make a better result in the exam. Early rising is a great source of health, wealth and wise. This good habit should be formed .1t from the very childhood in order to lead a decent life. ​ ​ Early Rising ​ Early rising means getting up from bed early in the morning. It is a good habit which greatly helps our mental and physical development. An early riser can take the fresh morning breeze and enjoy the beauties of nature. To walk or to take physical exercise in the open air is good for health. It makes us active, strong and energetic. If a man gets up in the early hours of the morning, he can begin his day's work early. An early riser gets enough time to perform his duty and does not suffer in future for want of time. Generally we remain undisturbed by noises of the ordinary world in the morning. As a result, we can concentrate ire our work. A student who rises early in the morning can learn and remember his lesson better than those who get up late. A late riser can not enjoy the blessings of the morning. Sometimes he performs his duties hurriedly and thus he can not do his work according to schedule. He suffers from ill health and temperament. Therefore, the habit of early rising should be formed from early stage of life. In a word, early rising makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. ​ ​ DUTY TOWARDS PARENTS ​ Duty towards parents is a great virtue. Indeed parents are second to none in this world except God. They are the only source of our lives on earth. Parents are our best friends and well-wishers on earth. When we were born first, we were quite helpless. They tenderly brought us up and looked after us during our infancy. So to speak, there is none to love us more like them. We have many duties to be done for our parents. As parents sacrifice everything for our happiness, it is our bounden duty to serve them and look after them in all possible ways. Particularly we should look after them when they become old, helpless as we were in our childhood. We should supply their needs properly. When they become weak, sick and infirm in old age, we should look after and nurse them with tenderness and care. We should fulfill all their wishes. We should not do anything that may hurt their feelings. A son who is not obedient to his parents can never prosper in life. On the contrary, obedience and performing duties to parents bring happiness, pleasure and satisfaction in life. In short, duty to parent is endless. So, every son every son and daughter should serve parents by obeying their orders, their advice and by looking after them with due care and heartfelt love. ​ DUTY TOWARDS ELDERLY PERSONS A common saying goes that childhood is a dream, youth a blunder and old age a regret. Many of the old, aged, elderly persons continue to be battered, strangled to death, rendered homeless and forced to live the last few years of their life in loneliness and despair. Elderly persons are the people of greater age, experience and authority. They were the strength of our civilisation. In every locality there are lots of elderly persons. We can take many effective measures for them. We can extend helping hand to elders. We can raise a fund for the welfare of the older persons. By this fund we can establish an older persons’ inn. All the helpless older people of the locality will be able to stay there free of living cost, medical treatment cost etc. With the help of the wealthy section of society we can provide them all kinds of human rights for their recreation and reminiscence. We can arrange gathering for them. Whenever they are in any kind of trouble we can come forth to help them. We can let them know the current information of the world. We can include them in our working opportunity. Social awareness can be raised for the welfare of the elderly persons. We must be kind to them. We must treat them as they treated us when we were helpless babies creeping upon the earth. In a word, the elderly persons should not be neglected anyway. ​ ​ Dengue ​ Dengue is one of the commonest mosquito-borne viral diseases in human.It causes 50-100 million infections every year in tropical countries of Asia, South America and Africa. It is caused by dengue virus, which is transmitted by the daytime-biting of an infected Aedes aegypti mosquito. Dengue mosquito lives in cool, dark places and around homes, schools and other areas in towns and villages. The female mosquito lays her eggs in clean, stagnant, exposed collection of water like barrels, drums, pots, flower vases, plant saucers, tanks, discarded bottles/ tins, tyres etc. and a lot more places where rainwater collects. The first symptoms of the disease occur about 5-7 days after the infected bite. Symptoms of dengue include fever, headache, severe backache, flushing of the face. If anyone suspects dengue, he should consult with a physician. In a fraction of people bleeding from nose, gum, skin occurs, they can also develop shock. Those patients need hospitalisation for intensive care. To prevent dengue, people should be advised to use mosquito coils, sprays and other mosquito repeliants during the daytime. Babies, old people and others who may rest during the day should use mosquito nets. Curtains can also be treated with a suitable insecticide and hung at windows or doorways to kill or repel mosquitoes. Since mosquitoes which spread dengue breed in stagnant water, all water containers should be kept covered at all times. Discarded containers in which water collects e.g. bottles, cans, bags, tyres etc. should be destroyed. Water from air coolers, tanks, drums, buckets etc. should be drained out. Control measures should be taken by the city corporation along with NGO's & citizen to eliminate adult mosquitoes and eradicate their breeding sites. ​ Dengue Fever: A disease due to unhygienic environment Dengue fever has become the ‘talk of the country’ of Bangladesh at present. It has spread throughout whole Bangladesh in an epidemic form. It is a virus fever. There are four different antigenic varieties of dengue viruses and all are transmitted by the daytime biting of adies aegypty mosquito. They are DEN-1, 2, 3 & 4 serotypes. From these viruses, two forms of dengue are recognised. One of them is classical dengue fever and the other is dengue haemorrhagic fever. Classical dengue fever is characterised by the abrupt onset of fever, malaise, headache, facial flushing, troubles pain. This pain is worse on eye movements, conjunctival suffusion and some backache that is a prominent symptom. Lymphadenopathy, petichae on the soft palate and skin rashes may also occur. This classical dengue fever is recovered by seven days. The patient of classical dengue fever should drink adequate water, take complete rest, drink a lot of liquid food, wash whole body with wet-cloth and finally should take the tablets of paracitamol group to decrease the fever. Dengue haemorrhagic fever is very severe. It is believed to be the result of two or more sequential infections with different dengue serotypes. If the symptoms of dengue haemorrhagic fever of a patient are found, we should take him to the hospital and consult with a doctor immediately. We have to wash the patient’s body again and again with a wet-cloth to mitigate fever. At the extreme case, it may be bleeding. The patient may be given paracitamol but never should be given aspirin group. It is a disease of children and has been found in South Asia and Africa. Adies lays its eggs on standing or stagnant water in the holes of trees, plastic bottles, plastic cans, tin-pots, tyres, green coconut plates, polythene bags etc. All of us should be conscious about the eradication of adies mosquitoes and should take necessary steps for that. Besides, government should highlight it through different media and should take essential measures to protect dengue fever. ​ ​ ​ DEBATING Debating is a part of education. It is not only interesting and amusing but also has an educative value in sharpening people’s wits and brightening their intelligence. The students of the reputed school form a society for the purpose of carrying on debates on various subjects. It is known as debating society. In a debate a particular subject is chosen first. The persons of a debating society divide themselves into two groups. One group supports in favour of the subject and another opposes the subject. Both sides try to charm the house by their arguments. The discussion brings out the merits and demerits and ascertains through argument whether it is acceptable or not. At the end, the President clearly explains for and against the subject and closes the debates. Debating develops the power of thinking and expressions of the students. Through this, students get practical training to cultivate reasoning power and the power of thinking. Debating develops a student’s power of speech. It helps pupils to speak logically and relevantly. Debating widens the domain of knowledge. Above all, debating itself is a good education. ​ ​ DANGER OF SMOKING ​ Smoking is a very dangerous habit. People addicted to smoking often suffer from heart attack, chronic bronchitis and some other fatal diseases including cancer. One puff of cigarette smoke contains fifteen billion particles of injurious matters. Nicotine is one of them. Nicotine is so bad that it obstructs the flow of blood through the veins. This reduces the supply of oxygen in the body. It causes the rise of blood pressure and increases the heart beat thereby. Secondly, tobacco tar inside the lungs slow down the action of the cilia and at last destroys them. But cilium is important for sweeping out the germs, mucuses and dirt from the lungs. Thirdly, the presence of carbon mono-oxide in the tobacco smoke drives out the oxygen from the blood and it is equally bad for health. It also harms the nerves, damages the brain and sometimes spoils character. People addicted to smoking lose their appetite for food and energy for power. Smoking can cause irritation in the eye, offend the nose and unsettle the mind. Besides, it also pollutes the environment and air. Smoking is so dangerous that the stench of cigarette is repulsive to a non-smoker. Moreover, it wastes a lot of money. So, smoking needs to be given up and it can be done with a bit of determination. ​ ​ DOWRY SYSTEM ​ Dowry is a social curse that has centered into every comer of our country. Dowry system refers to the system or custom in some societies in which a wife or her family must pay money or property or the both to her husband when they get married. The money or the property given is known as dowry. This abominable system is very disgraceful for any woman of self-respect. Women are the victims of his heinous system. The whole family of the bride is to suffer because the parents or brothers of the bride are to arrange the money to give the bridegroom or to his family. Socio-economic, cultural and religious factors are responsible for this detestable system. In some societies it is established as a social norm and they have accepted it normally. A poor husband wants to get a sum of money from his in-laws to start a business or to spend. In some societies it has been a culture to give and take dowry. But Islam does not support taking or giving dowry. The Hindu law withdraws the right of a woman's paternal property when she gets married. For this reason she along with her husband does not hesitate to take dowry. Due to this system the father's family of a bride often gets bankrupt. Dowry system also demeans women. A social awareness against dowry system is a must to stop this evil practice. The conscious and respected people should come forward to stop it. We should even adopt a law against this system. The Curse of Dowry ​ Dowry is the most inhuman and alarming custom in our society. It is a social curse . But this evil social custom was more severe in the early age. A wife or her family is forced to pay money or jewellery or furniture to her husband when they get married. The money or property given is known as dowry. A poor family in our society having a maiden (unmarried girl) faces a severe problem owing to this evil custom. The poor parents can't arrange a marriage ceremony of their unmarried daughters due to dowry. Today this heinous custom is very common in our society. The poor and the illiterate girls are the worst victims of this vicious and heinous custom. Almost everyday the grim picture of this brutal sight is seen on TV screen or in newspapers. Gender discrimination is the root cause of it. Illiteracy and ignorance is another root cause of dowry. Extreme poverty and social unawareness are also great causes of this evil custom. Social superstition is another reason of it. The poor parents have to suffer much to meet up the illegal demand. This evil practice harms the dignity of the women society. It hampers severely peace and order in the society. It commits various crimes and sinful acts in the society. Owing to dowry system many parents have already become helpless and landless. In order to get rid of this evil custom social awareness must be raised. Illiteracy, ignorance and social superstition must be removed from the society. True female education should be ensured and new and strict law must be enacted and enforced against this brute custom. ​ DRUG ADDICTION Drug is usually used as medicine to cure diseases. But sometimes it is taken by some people for stimulating effect. This habit of taking harmfuldrugs is called drug addiction. Heroine, opium, morphin, cocaine, phensidyl etc are some of the drugs. The person who once starts taking drugs cannot stop taking it. There are some reasons behind people's getting addicted to the detrimental drugs. Some people take drugs to forget their painful past or memories. Some people take drugs as a pursuit of pleasure. There is also another type of people who at first take drugs as a fun but it turns into an addiction later on. The aftermaths of drug addiction is very dire and despicable. The health of the addicts breaks down. The addicts lose their mental power and courage. He feels drowsy and loses appetite. They lose their social status and the love of their near and dear ones as well. Various kinds of diseases grasp them. They suffer from amnesia, insomnia, nausea, physical weakness, blood pressure and from many other lethal diseases. Their kidneys and livers also get damaged. Drug addiction is not only a national problem but also a global problem. So, it should be stopped by any means. I can save myself from it by self-consciousness, by keeping myself aloof from bad companies and by being strict. minded against it. ​ THE LIFE OF A DAY LABOURER ​ A day labourer is he who has no land of his own and thus earns his bread by the sweat of the brow. He may work as a sweeper, a mason, a carpenter, a goldsmith, a peasant and an earth digger. His service is essential for the country. He produces crops by his hard labour. He cleans dirty places and makes them habitable. He builds houses, skyscrapers. He sets railway lines and builds highways. He works in the dockyard. He helps making launches, steamers and barges. He carries heavy loads of earth and digs canals. It is he who also works in ports. He works in mines. Drilling in gas-fields is made possible by his labour. In this way he performs many kinds of works to earn his livelihood. A day labourer is very poor. He can hardly make his both ends meet. He has no fixed income. He gets wages if he can hardly buy clothes or fancy things. He lives in slums. In some cases, he is found passing his time in gambling and drinking. He does not think of the future. So, he leads a hard and miserable life. We should find out ways and means to raise his position. ​ ​ ​ E Environmental Pollution: A cause of health-hazard Nature, air, water, land and all other things around us in which we live are called environment. Any unexpected and abnormal change in chemical, physical and biological characteristics in environment is called the environmental pollution. Now our environment is getting polluted every moment in many ways. In major cities and towns motor vehicles, mills and factories are creating fume and smoke and they pollute air. Man makes fires to cook food, to make bricks, to melt tar for road construction and to do many other things. Fires create smoke and pollute the air. Railway engines and powerhouses create smoke by burning coal and oil and this smoke pollutes the air. Water, another vital element of the environment like air, is also polluted in many ways. Man pollutes water by throwing waste into it. Chemicals, fertilisers and insecticides get mixed with water in rivers, canals and ponds, and thus pollute water. Mills and factories also throw their poisonous chemicals and waste products into rivers, canals and seas and water is polluted. Moreover, water vehicles, unsafe drains and unsanitary latrines are also responsible for water pollution. These days many rivers and lakes are getting filthy. Forests and trees are being cut down on a large scale. So, the ecosystem of the environment is now in great danger. The noise of motor vehicles, mills and factories, aeroplanes, domestic appliances, radios, cassette players, CDs, televisions etc pollutes sound and this polluted sound affects our hearing. The government must take effective steps to prevent the pollution. People of all classes should come forward to control this environmental pollution because it is necessary for our own existence. EID FESTIVAL ​ Eid-ul-Fitr is the greatest religious festival of the Muslims all over the world. It is celebrated with great joy throughout the Muslim world. All Muslims, especially the young ones, remain eager for Eid as it draws near. The very thought of it fills a Muslim’s heart with exceeding joy. During the month the Muslims fast, pray and make sacrifice. The month of Ramadan is the month of fasting and prayer. As an essential part of Islam, the month-long fasting prohibits all wrong, inhuman and harmful acts. It is a month of self-analysis and self-restraint. A Muslim passes through all the trials and rigours of the month. He is thus purified in heart and disciplined in character. When this month is over and the month of Shawal begins, his joy knows no bounds. Eid-ul-Fitr takes place on the first day of Shawal. On this day the Muslims make charity and give a fixed amount of money to the poor. Eid is also a communion of souls. It is the occasion for thanksgiving to the Almighty Creator. Eid is certainly an occasion for joy by pious Muslims who follow the commandments of Allah during Holy Ramadan. Eid in fact awakens in us the spirit that stimulates us in giving a concrete shape to our worldly and spiritual life. The common scene on Eid day is exchanging greetings after prayers, visiting family members, friends and neighbours. Thus Muslims resume their normal life after Ramadan. They become enriched and better prepared to work according to the dictates of Islam. On this occasion, we should pledge to establish an exploitation-free society on the basis of religious values and that is how we should observe Eid-ul-Fitr. ​ An Eid Day I Celebrated Or, A Religious Festival I Enjoyed ​ The Eid is one of the greatest festivals of the Muslims. The Muslims celebrate two Eid festivals a year. One is called Eid-ul-Fitre and another is Eid-ul-Azha. Eid-ul­Fitre appears to the Muslims after the month of Ramadan. The other appears/ comes after 70 days. I come of a respectable Muslim family. Every year, our family celebrates Eid-Festivals very nicely. On the last Eid day I got up frombed before sun rise. After washing hands and face I said my morning prayer. I along with my younger sister decorated our house very nicely with coloured papers. flowers, festoons and baloons. Then I took/had my.bath with my neighbouring friends. At morning mother cooked very delicious foods like piais, semai,fimi, birani and many others sweets. I ate them with my heart's content. Then I put on dress. I went to the Eidgah Maidan with my grandfather, father, uncle, elder brother and cousins. After Eid-prayer, I embraced with our villagers. On returning from the Eidgah, I visited our neighbours and relatives. All the members of our family ate a rich food together at noon at home. In the afternoon I enjoyed a friendly football match held on our village playground. At night I enjoyed many interesting programmes on the TV screen. Thus, I celebrated the last Eid Day with great joy. An Eid-Day has a great importance in our life. It awakens love and affection. It also teaches us that there is no difference between high and low in the eye of Allah. ​ Eid-ul-Fitr ​ Eid-ul-Fitr is the biggest religious festival of the Muslims all over the world. I ho Eid marks the end of the month-long fasting of Ramadan. The Muslims curiously wait for this significant day after keeping away from all sorts of wrong, inhuman and harmful activities on this day and the Muslims come closer to one another and exchange their greetings. The pleasure of the children knows no bound. They put on new dresses and visit houses of one another. On this day Muslims get up early in the morning and say their morning prayer. After taking bath they put on new dresses that is Punjabi and pajama and go to Eidgah to say their Eid prayer. After completing the prayer, they embrace each other and exchange greetings saying Eid Mubarak. Then they come back home and salute their elders. They take their foods especially made on that occasion. Wearing new dresses they go out to visit the friends, neighbours and relatives. On this day, we should pledge to establish an exploitation free society on the basis of religious values. Indeed Eid-ul-Fitr is a day of joy and happiness. It teaches us to love to all irrespective to rich and poor. ​ E-mail ​ E-mail is one of the most useful and wonderful inventions of modern science. Modern science has made impossible possible by inventing many useful and wonderful tools and devices. It has brought about the whole world to our grip . E-mail is one of the most useful means of communication in this new era E-mail communication is user to user via a computer. It is easier and cheaper than fax, telephone and telex. Telex is also an electric mail. Telex service is terminal to terminal while E-mail service is user to user via a computer. Privacy is fully maintained in E-mail service. Any messages can be sent from one corner to another of the globe within seconds by using E-mail service. Office-files can be exchanged easily and quickly by using this service. Now trade and commerce greatly depend on this rapid communication service. E-mail system has quickened the activities and transactions of any offices and banks, trade and commerce. Our student society enjoys a lot of advantages by using E-mail service. They can discuss with their teachers sitting at home through E-mail. They can also do library works and get necessary academic information through this useful service by staying at home. It has also quickened the globalization process. Besides, E-mail service saves a lot of papers and times. This service has made our life very easier and happier. E­mail service should be made more popular in order to make our programmes and plans more successful and fruitful. ​ Earthquake Earthquake is the tremor caused either by volcanic eruptions or by sudden dislocation in the rock structure underneath. That Bangladesh lies in the active earthquake zone is not unknown to Bangladeshis. There are two schools of experts regarding earthquakes. One school comprising of engineers and geologists is of the view that the recurrence of quakes in recent years should be taken as a signal for a major earthquake. Another school comprising of similar categories of experts, however, believes that the concern should not be amplified, because although there arc a number of fault lines in the geographical area comprising Bangladesh, none of them is active enough to pose a major threat. Yet none of the schools rules out the possibility of a major quake and the dangers that might be associated with it. An earthquake causes unaccountable damage, and sometimes heavy destruction of life and property. During an earthquake, it is unsafe to remain inside a multi-storied house. It is better for the inmates of houses to come out in the open at the time of an earthquake. In Japan, an earthquake is a common phenomenon. It takes place frequently than in other coun­tries in the world. In Bangladesh, earthquake is, however, felt from time to time in mild form in different parts of the country. Alarmed by the recurrence of quakes during recent years, experts have called for the development of an earthquake resistant building code that all buildings should follow as mandatory to reduce the losses. ​ E-mail Electronic mail, popularly known as ‘e-mail’, is the communication of textual messages via electronic means. E-mail is delivered to individual electronic mail boxes based in computers. In order to operate an e-mail system we need a personal computer, a modem and a telephone connection. An important advantage of e-mail is its ability to reduce the consumption of paper in the office. Internal memos and reports can be exchanged electronically without using paper. Being a computer-based messaging system, files prepared on computers can be instantly copied and easily exchanged as e-mail. E-mail turns out to be a cheaper alternative to telephone conversation and eliminates the time spent in establishing phone calls. E-mail permits communication between two parties without the parties actually being present simultaneously. Privacy is ensured as the mail is delivered to an individual’s mail box which can be accessed or opened only by the intended recipient. E-mail has brought about a revolution in modem communication. Messages can be transmitted from one country to another within seconds. E-mail transmission is very speedy. It is four times faster than FAX and ten tmes faster than telex. Trade and commerce has become greatly dependent on this speedy mode of communication. It has, however, not reached every one, especially in developing countries like ours, as most people cannot afford to have a personal computer. But even here people have started using commercially operated e-mail facilities for important purposes. ​ Email Electronic mail or simply E-mail is very much popular now-a-days for its speedy transmission of information’s and cost effectiveness. Hence information provided by a sender is delivered asynchronously to a point where it can be retrieved and processed later on by one or more recipients of the sender’s choice. In an E-Mail system, there is a number and the sender keeps on dialing the desired number till he/she is successful. Once it is connected, the PC terminal of the sender sends the message to the PC terminal of the recipient at a very high speed. There is no need of any physical presence of both the sender and the receiver. The sender can enter the message and the receiver can retrieve it whenever he/she is free. The message will remain in PC’s memory. The transmission of messages is usually done through landlines or satellite communications or through marine cables. E-mail has lot of advantages to its credit. It is cost effective. Very less money is required In comparison to other transmission device. It is time saver. Within very short time messages can be sent. There is no need of presence of either the sender or the receiver. Once the message is entered into PC’s it will remain in the receiver PC’s memory. E-mail transmission is very speedy. It is four times faster than FAX and ten times faster than telex. There is the system of using password which each subscriber can choose to use. Hence E-mail gives security of message. ​ Eve–Teasing Bangladesh, a developing country, though holding quite a small area is flooded with uncountable problems. Among these, eve-teasing, recently has become the burning issue for the country because of its adverse effects on women, especially to the teenage girls. Eve teasing has remained a concern since many years. The practice of eve-teasing is a form of sexual assault that ranges in brutality from catcalls, sexually evocative remarks, brushing in public places and very recently teasing by mobile phone and mobile tracking. These teasers wait in front of girls’ schools and colleges and as soon as they cite the girls walk past them they start passing bad comments, dirty jokes, sly whistles, uncivilised laughter, and sometimes reaching the extreme of rude publicity. Due to the rise of eve-teasing in our country, parents and guardians are passing days in great anxiety for the safety of their children. The normal life of girls is being hampered due to its rapid increase. Strict enforcement of laws and motivational campaign can go a long way in reducing the incidence of the social menace. The government of Bangladesh has pursued a number of legal measures, both direct and indirect, to minimise the violence against women and uphold their rights. If we want to get rid of this practice we need to change our attitudes and engrave a self generated respect for women coming from our hearts. Etiquette and Manners ​ We have two-terms to describe our social behavior- ‘etiquette’ and ‘manners’. ‘Etiquette’ is a French word and it means the rules of correct behavior in society. The word ‘manners’ means the behavior that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture. Manners can be good or bad. For example, it is a bad manner to speak with food in one’s mouth. No one likes a bad-mannered person. Remember that etiquette and manners vary from culture to culture and from society to society. We learn etiquette and manners from our parents, families and various institutions, such as schools, colleges or professional bodies. There are rules of behavior for all kinds of social occasions and it is important to learn them ad practice them in everyday life. The manners that are correct in a wedding reception will not do in a debating club. Therefore, we have to be careful about etiquette and manners. We know how important it is to say ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ in everyday life. A few more polite expressions such as ‘pardon me’, ‘excuse me’, ‘may I’ are bound to make your day smooth and pleasant. As a child you must have been told to greet your elders and visitors to your home according to your culture and tradition. You must also have been taught to be polite in company and keep quiet while others, especially your elders spoke. Possibly, you at times grudged such schooling. Possibly, at times you even protested such disciplining. Now, certainly you know that you can’t always behave the way you want especially in the presence of others. There are rules of behavior you have to follow in a company. We are social beings and have to consider the effect of our behavior on others, even if we are at home and dealing with our family members. Problems of Higher Education in Bangladesh ​ Higher education refers to education beyond the secondary level especially education provided by a college or university. Accessibility to higher education implies that students get the opportunity to get university education and sufficient support from educational institutions. Increasing enrolment at the secondary and higher secondary level puts pressure on higher educational institutions. There are only handful universities in our country. Due to limited capacity, only a small number of students may be enrolled in universities. Thus, each year a large number of students are denied access to higher education. Also, due to poverty and increase in educational expenses, students of the lower middle class do not get easy access to higher education. Only about 12 percent of graduates enter higher educational institutions. More than 80 percent of these students are admitted to NU affiliated colleges. Others are absorbed by the public and private universities. Most universities cannot offer a wide range of subjects. Library, laboratory, Internet and research facilities are not satisfactory. Seminars, symposiums, lectures, workshops, debates, and exhibitions are hardly held in these institutions and there is not much scope for national and international exposure for promising young knowledge seekers. This problem may be impossible to solve overnight but it can be lessen gradually. The number of universities must be increased in this regard. The poor students should have the accessibility like others. Moreover, the facilities of educational sectors should be increased and upgraded. The govt. should take the responsibility steps to solve the problems. Besides, we all should be aware of this. ​ ​ E – Learning ​ E-learning refers to the use of electronic media and information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. E-learning includes numerous types of media that deliver text, audio, images, animation, streaming video, audio or video tape, satellite TV, CD or DVD-ROM and computer-based, as well as web-based learning. In e-learning every step such as, registration, admission, classroom entry and exit, class work, attendance, discussion with course mates, feedback, exams and finally certification must take place electronically through computer and the Internet technology in a virtual campus. It is commonly thought that new technologies make a big difference in education. Many people involved in e-learning believe that everyone must be equipped with basic knowledge of technology, as well as use it as a vehicle for reaching educational goals. Various technologies are used to facilitate e-learning. Most of the e-learning uses combinations of many techniques, including blogs, collaborative software, eportfolios, educational websites and virtual classrooms. E-Learning has become an important technique that educational as well as business institutions invest a great deal of money, time and effort in order to make use of it. E-Learning has proven to be the cheapest way to transmit knowledge to the largest number of people regardless of their location and their devices. Most of the existing e-Learning environments present some similarities and most educators need several tools to efficiently make use of e-Learning. In short, e-learning has helped people to learn about anything they want, anytime they want by using modern technologies and thus spreading knowledge all around the world. ​ ​ The necessity of education ​ Education is the process by which we can develop our mind through formal learning at an institution like school, college or university. It is one of the basic needs of human being. It is also essential for any kind of development. The purpose of education is to enlighten the individual and develop one’s capacity to the limit. It helps one to distinguish between right and wrong. It enables us to make the right choices in life and to perform our duties properly. It ennobles our mind and refines our sensibility. In this way education can certainly remove the darkness of ignorance. Besides, education broadens our outlook. It promotes humanity and universal brotherhood. Thus education promotes understanding among people of all climes. Education can be used as catalyst for a change for the better. Education provides us with the knowledge of health, sanitation and population control. It also enhances our ability to raise crops, increase industrial production, store food, protect the environment and carry out our social responsibilities. Thus education contributes enough towards a change for the better and its necessity can more be felt than described. It goes without saying that No Education, No Life! Just like food, water and air, education has become a basic necessity for everyone to survive in today’s world. ​ AN EVENING WALK BY THE RIVERSIDE A walk by the riverside is pleasant to all. It is a source of joy to a fatigued person and an idle one as well. A walk by the riverside is also a popular means to enjoy one’s leisure time. The other day I felt tired and bored with my regular tasks. So, I went for a walk by the riverside to remove the weariness. I could breathe in the open air of the riverside. It refreshed my body and mind. The pleasing sights of the river gave me joy. The ripples of the river water, the sands with green paddy, the green trees and plants standing on both the banks of the river ---- these all satisfied my eyes. The murmuring sound of the river pleased my ears. I was delighted to see the birds of different types flying over the river and its banks. Boats of different sizes with coloured soil were always found playing on the bosom of the river. It became an absolute source of joy. In a word, the bounteous charms of the riverside made me extremely happy. They cast a soothing influence on my body and mind. ​ AN EVENT THAT HAS EVERLASTING IMPRESSION IN MY LIFE ​ An experience that helps restore faith in humanity is something that one loves to remember forever. I have had one such pleasant experience in my life. I was then in Class 10. One day I was returning home after school hours by a rickshaw. At about quarter past four I reached home. My mother noticed that I was without my school bag and asked me about it. I was surprised that I did not notice my empty hand and had forgotten about my bag. Thinking back, I remembered that I was carrying it when I was on the rickshaw. I must have left it there unmindfully. I rushed out, but the rickshaw was gone. I had my textbooks, a few invaluable notebooks and some money in that bag. I was totally perplexed, sad and worried. Next day in the morning, as I was attending my class, the gatekeeper of our school came and informed me that someone was mentioning my name and requesting to see me. I went with him and saw that same rickshaw- puller standing near the gate. Timidly he stepped forward and produced the school bag. He said that he found it on his rickshaw about half an hour after I had left. I was full of joy and offered him a twenty-taka note. He accepted it reluctantly. My joy was due even more to the discovery that such honesty still existed than getting back my bag. I felt convinced that values and honesty still survived and more so, among our poor friends. Indeed the event has an everlasting impression in my life. ​ ​ ​ ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION ​ Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are men, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution and then life becomes difficult or impossible. Every year millions of people all over the world die unnecessarily as a result of pollution. These unfortunate and avoidable deaths are brought about by four specific factors. Firstly, air pollution from factories, burning trash and vehicle fumes cause pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Then, water pollution from industrial charge, the indiscriminate disposal of toxic chemicals and the dumping of human waste into rivers and canals causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. The next factor is the noise pollution from vehicle horns and microphones that might cause aggression and damage hearing. And finally, odour pollution from dumped or untreated human waste cause serious discomfort to our sense of smell, and attracts disease-bearing creatures such as rats and flies. We should take determined action to control these problems and clean up the environment to avert these unnecessary diseases. Environmental Pollution ​ Environmental pollution denotes wonderful alteration among the different elements of the environment which is a great threat to human beings, animals, wildlife and plants on earth. All the elements of the environment are closely related to one another. Pollution occurs in the environment if any element is changed or affected. There are various kinds of pollution like-air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution and odour pollution. All these pollutions are together called environmental, pollution. Smoke and fume are the main culprits for air pollution. Mills, factories, industries, motor vehicles, power-houses, brick-fields and rail engines emit huge black smoke and fume which pollute the air seriously. Deforestation is another root cause of air pollution. Toxic chemical waste industrial products and garbage are the main culprits of water pollution. Water vehicles also pollute water by dumping food waste, human waste and burnt oil into rivers and canals. The widespread use of in the fields seriously pollutes chemical fertilizers and insecticides water. Hydraulic horns of motor vehicles and the loud speakers of cassette players and mikes are the main culprits of sound pollution. Illiteracy, mass unawareness, population explosion and extreme poverty create environmental pollution. Environmental pollution causes various fatal diseases and brings about various natural disasters . It harms food production and causes the extinction of wild animals. It also causes ecological imbalance which endangers (fa9m our life on earth. In order to keep our environment danger free, environmental pollution must be controlled by raising public awareness, by removing illiteracy and poverty and by controlling population explosion. If we fail to check environmental pollution, our existence on earth will become difficult and impossible. ​ ​ ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION (Air & Water Pollution) ​ Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution. Air pollution and water pollution are the main factors which contribute to the pollution of our environment. Air is polluted in many ways. Smoke pollutes air; man makes fire to cook food, to make bricks, melts pitch for road construction and burns wood. All these things produce heavy smoke and this smoke pollutes air. Railway engines, mills and factories and power houses use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel. This air pollution causes pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Again water is polluted in many ways. Farmers use chemical fertilisers and insecticide in their lands to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with canal water and river water. Mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste materials into the rivers and canals. Steamers, launches and even sail boats pollute water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the big canals and rivers. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. This water pollution causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. Thus air and water polluted and as a result life becomes difficult or impossible. ​ ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Pollution means contamination or adulteration of one substance by another inferior one. It is a process by which the ecological balance of our environment is disturbed. There are various kinds of pollution, for example, air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution, etc. Water can be polluted in many ways. We throw waste into water. Oil seeps out from the vessels like launches, steamers, etc. Various insecticides used by the farmers get mixed with water and pollute it. Mills and factories also release their poisonous chemicals and waste products into rivers. Latrines and unsafe drains standing on the river and canal banks are also responsible for further pollution. Air is polluted mainly by smoke. Man makes fires to cook food, make bricks, melt tar for road construction and to do many other things. Fires create smoke by burning coal and oil Mills and factories create a lot of smoke. Buses, trucks and cars emit smoke too. All these kinds of smoke pollute the air. There is a serious impact of air pollution on us. It causes many diseases like cancer, bronchitis, etc. Again the increase of temperature caused by air pollution is a menace to our environment. Sound is polluted by microphones, loudspeakers and vehicles horns, specially the hydraulic horns. Sound pollution causes hearing problem and damages brain and nerves. So we, in association with the government, should take necessary steps to check air, water and sound pollution. Environment Pollution All the ingredients that we have around us are jointly known as environment. Environment pollution implies the contamination of the surroundings. Any abnormal change of environment in chemical, physical and biological characteristics in environment is called environment pollution. Environment is the whole system of our existence. Our environment is becoming polluted everyday for several reasons. Human beings mainly pollute environment. Massive industrialization is an important cause of environment. Smoke from motor vehicles also pollutes environment. Serious environment pollution occurs in big cities because buses, trucks and cars play in the streets everyday and emit smoke. Mills and factories also pollute water. They throw their waste products into rivers and canals. By burning wood and melting pitch for road construction people make more smoke and pollute air. We use pesticide in our crop fields. It also pollutes our environment. Indiscriminate cutting of trees has also turned unbalanced environment. The ecological balance is being lost as a result of environment pollution. If we all desire to live a healthy and tranquillized life, we should make our environment clean and free from pollution. We should be all whole-heartedly in keeping our environment fit for habitation. ​ EXAM FITNESS/Strategies ​ Exam fitness is a must for any student who tries to do well in the examination. There must be a strategy to make brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Regular work right from the very beginning makes one thorough. Students should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop their creativity. They should not learn answers by rote taking from a common source. They should prepare their own notes which will help them to avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. They should revise their lessons frequently. It is important for an examinee to check and double-check the dates and times of ensuing exams and be aware of carrying the necessary things along with to the examination hall. In the examination hall, students should go through the whole question paper before starting to write and take the mental preparation of attempting to answer all the questions. While having a glance at the question paper, it is better to underline the key words in the questions. Moreover, during answering ‘half way’ check is important to be in proper track. Care should be given to the hand writing so that it is legible to the examiner. Thus exam fitness enables an examinee to perform well in the examination hall, which brings success to a student. ​ Examination Strategies or Examination Fitness ​ (i) What are strategies for the approach to Examination? (ii) What should you do firstly at the examination? (iii) How can you allocate time for answering the question paper at the Examination? (iv) How can you make your answer legible? (v) What should one do for planning to answer each question? Strategy is an appropriate word for the approach to the examination on the day. Examination strategies mean examination skill which we may apply on the examination day. Checking and double checking the examination dates and times are most important for examination strategies. Budgeting time and avoiding allocating elaborate adequate answers are also significant. The strategies also include following instructions and attempting to answer all the questions. It is better to read through the question paper before starting to write. It is very useful to spend at least five minutes per question thinking about and planning answer. It is also useful to underline the key words in the questions. It helps the examinee to conscious what he or she is required to do. To check back half way through writing the answer is good. One should also make answer legible. A good plan about the examination leads a student to success. If one follows the exam tips on the exam day, he/she wins his/her chances of success. So students should be conscious of both subject knowledge and examination strategies to build a bright future. ​ EXPERIENCE OF A STORMY NIGHT ​ Human life is eventful. Some events are full of thrill and some are full of sadness. We derive some sort of pleasure when we recollect them in tranquility. I remember an event, which will remain fresh in my memory. It was a terrible experience of a stormy night. I with my family went to village to join a wedding party. On the wedding day, we were walking along a village path towards the bride’s house. It was a sunny bright May afternoon. Suddenly I could see no sun. Patches of dark, pitch-black clouds were gathering all over the western sky. And soon I couldn’t see anything. I could hear only the deafening roar of the wind. Dust, rain, leaves and branches of trees ----- all were sweeping past so fast that I couldn’t open my eyes. The party too, was scattered and swept along by the wind just like the leaves. I couldn’t even think about the others, about myself, about anything. When the sun hit my eyes, the next morning I found myself between two stay-hacks in a farmer’s yard. Then I returned to my home and found that everyone was waiting for my return. I can still remember the atrocity caused by that monster wind when I think about the experience. ​ ​ EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN OUR SCHOOL ​ Student life is the prime time of building a man. At this stage we mostly spend time in our school. In our country most of the schools give emphasis only on studies ignoring the impact of extra-curricular activities on a student. For a student, it is not the only aim to be studious. A student must be brought up in a natural, spontaneous way and extra curricular activities play a significant role in this regard. Our school, being a modern one provides us with different facilities of extra-curricular activities. In our school, we have a number of recreational clubs. Among these, debate club, musical club are remarkable. Every week we practise debating among ourselves. Sometimes we arrange debate competition between classes & between schools. The recreational clubs also arrange musical programme, drama etc. Besides we regularly participate in different indoor and outdoor games. In our school there are some other extra-curricular activities clubs, such as B.N.C.C, Girl’s Guide, Bangladesh Red Crescent Society. Most of us join in all these clubs and can learn many other things which we don’t get in our text books. These activities go simultaneously with our regular academic studies. As a results, we do not feel bored in our studies, rather we feel quite enthusiastic in our mind to perform all the activities in a successful and effective way. Indeed, these extra-curricular activities help us immensely to be a complete man. ​ ​ EXPERIENCE OF A NIGHT SAFARI TOUR A safari is a hunting expedition or overland journey. It is organized as a holiday tour. I also had such an experience. It was a night safari organised as a holiday tour. A safari is a hunting expedition or overland journey. I had the opportunity to visit Dulhazara Safari Park. While visiting, I wanted to see as many places as I could. In the zoo, I saw many nocturnal animals which started moving for hunting at dusk. Using the faint lighting we could watch the animals without disturbing them. In the zoo there were 800 animals from 30 exotic species. Tigers, striped hyenas, golden jackals, blue sheep and the rare grater one-horned rhinoceros were remarkable. The total voyage covered an area of 40 hectares of secondary jungle. Riding a tram, I arrived at the zoo and discovered large grounds. At the end of the journey, I enjoyed a sumptuous buffet dinner in the midst of nature. After dinner I took a leisurely walk and took a closer look at the animals. It was a memorable experience for me to watch tigers and hyenas feasting upon antelopes. Really the journey gave me ample scope to enjoy the beauty of Nature from a closer view. The evening breeze, the setting sun and peace and quietness of the Nature --- all were wonderful experiences to enjoy. After the journey we in the end came back to our starting point. This was really a strange and memorable experience in my life. ​ BENEFITS OF EARLY RISING ​ Early rising is the habit of getting up from bed early in the morning. It is a very good habit. The habit is beneficial to health. The man who rises early finds time to take some sort of exercise or a walk in the morning air. The morning air refreshes both body and mind. This certainly improves our health and increases our capacity to work. The habit gives us an opportunity to enjoy the beauties of Nature. There is a calm and serene atmosphere everywhere. In the morning all Nature is fresh and beautiful, trees are vocal with the songs of birds, flowers smile everywhere and the din and bustle of the day is absent. Enjoyment of these natural beauties sharpens our feelings and makes us cheerful and healthy. The beautiful gifts and coloured nature in the morning remind everybody of the Almighty. An early riser has many advantages. The habit enables him to begin his day’s work early. He has, therefore plenty of time to do it thoroughly. He gets the start in everything before others, who keep late in bed. He is never in haste. As he has more time to work, he can earn more and thus becomes wealthy. So, the habit of early rising is the source of health. THE ESKIMOS The Eskimos are the people who have traditionally lived in the arctic region. ‘Eskimo’ is a Native American word meaning ‘people who eat raw meat’. The Eskimos call themselves ‘Inuit’ meaning ‘the people’. The Eskimos are the most widely spread group in the world still leading a partly aboriginal way of life. They live in a region that spans more than 3500 miles, including Greenland, the northern fringe of North America, and a part of eastern Siberia. The Eskimos are racially distinct from the American Indians. They are most closely related to the Mongolain people of eastern Asia. The Eskimos successfully adapted themselves to a cold, harsh climate because of their highly inventive skill. Traditionally the Eskimos live in an igloo, wear hooded jackets, pants and water proof boots. Their clothes have basic cuts and are made from skins of birds and animals like the seal, caribou and the polar bear. The clothes are sewn with needles made from boned an animal cord called sinew thread. They hunt with arrows and harpoons, eat food from hunting and travel on sledge, pulled by dogs. But the modern Eskimos live in brick-built modern houses, wear imported clothes made of animal skins, fur and other materials having modern cuts and designs, hunt with guns, eat food available in the supermarkets, use snow-mobile for travelling and go shopping. They would make things from almost anything and everything. The Eskimos spend the winter in crowd in a larger settlement and then dispersed into smaller, family-sized bands during the summer. During the summer they leave the permanent communities and live in animal skin tents at favourite spots for seal hunting fishing and collecting birds, eggs and plants. This is how the Eskimos lead their life. ​ Teacher's Comment: The student achieve 60% marks ​ F Female Education: A great stride towards development Female education is very essential for the overall development of a nation. More or less half of the population of a country is female. Leaving the female uneducated and unemployed, no nation can prosper. That’s why female education has been a crying need of the day. Once women were confined within the four walls of the house and were used to doing only household chores. At that time, they were deprived of the light of education because of the prejudice, unconsciousness, superstition, social backwardness, prejudiced outlook, social barrier, obstacle by the fundamentalists and so on. But now it has changed a lot and women are getting educated gradually. In our country about 7 crore people are women out of 14 crore in total. But most of the women are lagging far behind in education. The rate of female literacy is about 20%. This rate of female literacy i s alarming because without their education, our satisfactory development is impossible. Napoleon Bonaparte said, “Give me an educated mother and I will give you an educated nation”. From this line we can easily realise the importance of female education. Women need to be educated for different reasons. To be a conscious citizen of the country, to be an active member of the family and society, to be a good mother or wife and to lead a self-reliant better life, a woman should be educated properly. Besides, educated women have higher income potential than those who have had no schooling. Many people consider women inferior to men. But it is their wrong concept. Except the biological difference, a girl has every capacity to work and to achieve high position in life as a man can. An educated woman is conscious of her duties, rights and responsibilities. So, we should take every necessary step to ensure an environment to educate our female force. Parents ought to be encouraged to send their daughters to school. The govt. and NGO’s should patronise the education for girls in order that they can be educated and can play a vital role in the development of our country. ​ Use and Abuse of Facebook Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues. It was created by Mark Zuckerberg in February of 2004. This exclusive site, which is available in 37 different languages, includes public features. Facebook makes it possible to connect people sharing interests and activities across the borders and thus have made a lot for the users to feel that they really live in a global village. It is expanding so fast as one can make use of them paying very little. One can make personal profile public before the entire online community. It is like presenting oneself before the entire world. One can also look into other people’s profile simply and easily if one is interested. It allows users to upload pictures, multimedia contents and to update their profiles. User profiles have a section dedicated to comments from friends and other users. Finally, there are privacy protection measures too. A user himself or herself decides over the number of viewers, and what information should be shared with others. He can block specific connections or keep all his communications private. But this great blessing of modern science has some demerits too. Many young boys and girls become addicted to it and give more time on it than studies. Few senseless people post nude pictures which influence the tender mind of youngsters. A long term bad effects can be seen in those adolescents. Besides, many girls and ladies committed suicide because their enemy posted their privet photos or videos. Despite these few bad sites of Facebook book, it has great importance for the communication of modern people. ​ Food Adulteration Food adulteration is the act of deliberately adding something to the food, intentionally debasing the quality of the food offered for sale either by the admixture or substitution of inferior substances or by the removal of some valuable ingredient. Unsafe levels of pesticides are present in around half of the vegetables and more than a quarter of fruits sold in the markets. Food posioning, in the form of metals, toxins, or bacteria, stomach disorders, liver problems, vision problems, skin diseases are the diseases caused by adulteration of food. Carbide, formalin, heavy metal, chemical, textile colours, artificial sweeteners, DDT, urea etc. are used rampantly for this purpose. Milk is mixed with water. Vanaspati is used as an adulterant for ghee. Ergot is used as an adulterant for cereals. Chalk-powder is used as an adulterant for flour. Chicory is used as an adulterant for coffee. Papaya seeds is used as an adulterant for pepper. Brick-powder is used as an adulterant for chilly-powder. Tamarind seed powder is used as adulterant for coffee. Wood powder is adulterated for turmeric and dhaniya powder. Adulterated food is impure, unsafe, or unwholesome food. Instead of focusing only on the end products, the issue should be addressed at the root level. Better monitoring and supervision were mandatory for stopping food adulteration. The Ministry of Food had enacted a Food Safety Act, but was yet to prepare the necessary rules. As the issue of food safety was also linked to 14 other ministries, a coordinated agency should take responsibility of ensuring safety in food products. ​ Folk Music Folk music consists of ancient songs and music from the heart of a community based on their natural style of expression uninfluenced by the rules of classical music and modern popular songs. Folk music has great variety, with songs being composed on the culture, festivals, views of life, natural beauty, rivers and rural and riverine life. These songs are also about social inequality and poverty, about the material world and the supernatural. Mystical songs have been composed using the metaphors of rivers and boats. Since the country is basically riverine, the Bhatiyali forms an important genre of folk music. Some notable folk singers like Shiraj Saiah, Lalon shah, Shah Abdul Karim, Hasan Raja, Abbas Uddin‚ Abdul Alim and Radha Roman have made the folk musk popular among the people of Bangladesh. Bangladeshi folk music varies from region to region. Thus there are the northern Bhawaiya, the eastern Bhatiyali and the southwestern Baul songs. Folk songs sung individually include Baul, Bhatiyali, Murshidi and Marfati, while songs sung in chorus include Kabigan, Leto, Alkap and Gambhira. Tribes like the Santal, Garo, Hajong, Chakma, Manipuri, Tripuri, Marma etc. have interacted with ethnic Bengali culture and lifestyle over the years. Some songs are regional in character, but others are common to both Bangladesh and West Bengal. Similarly, some songs belong distinctively to one religious community, Hindu or Muslim; others cross religious boundaries. Some songs belong exclusively to men, others to women, while some are sung by both men and women. Thus only women compose and sing Bratagan and Meyeli Git, but both men and women participate in the ‘’roof-beating’’ songs that are sung while beating down and firming rooftops. ​ ​ Fax Facsimile, popularly known as fax, is a device that can send or receive a document, pictures and text over a telephone line. It is really a very wonderful machine which can transmit any document to another day machine located with in home or abroad in a very short time. It looks like a calculator-cum telephone set. Almost all modem s manufactured today are capable of sending and receiving fax data. Fax/modem software generates fax signals directly from disk files or the screen. Even if a document is text only, it is treated by the computer as a scanned image and is transmitted to the receiver as a bitmap. Faxing a message online works well if the recipient wants only to read the message. However, if the document requires editing, it must be converted into text by an OCR program, or it must be retyped manually into the computer. A more efficient method of sending documents that require modification is through the e-mail system. E-mail files are already ASCII text so they can be edited immediately in any text editor or word processing program. The Internet now provides a new and cheaper way to send faxes in some cases. A number of free and commercial companies provide arrangements for using the Internet rather than the public telephone system for most or part of the path to the fax point. Some services also provide the ability to broadcast a fax to multiple addresses. Nowadays being practically a time saving device, it has taken the place of teleprinter and is playing a vital role in international communication system. ​ A FAREWELL FUNCTION The day when I was free from my school for appearing in the Secondary School Certificate Examination will be remembered throughout my life. As ours was the outgoing class, so it was bidden farewell by Class X (New). The Principal fixed the responsibility for making arrangements. Then farewell function was given on Thursday. When I arrived at school at 3 p.m. I saw that all arrangements were made by the host party. The school hall was beautifully decorated with charts, buntings, flowers and placards. The main table, on which the Headmaster and the Inspector of Schools were to sit, was beautifully decorated with flowerpots. There were many chairs for the outgoing students, staff and students of Class X. The function started with a moving and heart-rending farewell speech of Md. Saifuddin, a student of Class X. He mentioned our long and deep association with the school. His speech which was full of praise and appreciation for our outgoing class was delivered in a befitting manner. After his speech, I, on behalf of my class, thanked the host. In my speech I lauded the good arrangements made by the host and accepted their good wishes and feelings for all of us. When I was delivering the speech, I was deriving a mingled pleasure. I was feeling sad because of the separation from my old and august institution in whose lap I got education and training of my mind and body. Then some of our senior teachers delivered their valuable lectures in which they gave their valuable advice. In the end, the reverend Headmaster, whose association with the school is as old as the history of this school, made an impassioned speech. In his farewell message, he gave us some pieces of advice, to be followed in our future course of life. He made a fervent appeal to build our mind and character on sound lines. He stressed upon us to intricate a spirit of service and sacrifice as well as of patriotism and nationalism. Then after, started the cultural function arranged by some of our younger brothers of Class X. We all made the pin-drop silence and enjoyed the programme. In the mean time some of the students of Class ten distributed packets of snacks to us. Some of us took their food while some of us gossiped and laughed. After this, the function came to an end. We parted after taking the blessings of our teachers and good wishes of our friends. While going, we cast our longing and lingering looks at this great and noble institution in whose lap we spent the most formative period of our life and living. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. ​ A FAREWELL FUNCTION The day when I was free from my school for appearing at the Secondary School Certificate Examination will be remembered throughout my life. As ours was the outgoing class, so it was bidden farewell by Class X (New). The Principal fixed the responsibility for making arrangements. Then farewell function was given on Thursday. When I arrived at school, it was 3 p.m. I saw that all arrangements were made by the host party. The function started with a moving and heart-rending farewell speech of Md. Saifuddin, a student of Class X. He mentioned our long and deep association with the school. After his speech, I, on behalf of my class, thanked the host. In my speech I accepted their good wishes and feelings for all of us. Then some of our senior teachers delivered their valuable lectures in which they gave their valuable advice. In the end, the reverend Headmaster, whose association with the school is as old as the history of this school, made an impassioned speech. In his farewell message, he gave us some pieces of advice, to be followed in our future course of life. Then after, started the cultural function arranged by some of our younger brothers of Class X. We all made the pin-drop silence and enjoyed the programme. In the mean time some of the students of Class ten distributed packets of snacks to us. Some of us took their food while some of us gossiped and laughed. After this, the function came to an end. We parted after taking the blessings of our teachers and good wishes of our friends. While going, we cast our longing and lingering looks at this great and noble institution in whose lap we spent the most formative period of our life and living. ​ A Farmer A farmer is he who lives by cultivation. Almost 75% of people of our land are farmers. Our farmers live in villages. His house is made of corrugated iron sheets or straws. He is very honest, laborious and simple. He gets up from bed at dawn\_~) and goes to his field after taking some stale rice with green chilli .He works from dawn to dusk. He works both in rough and fair weather. He tills his land with his hand-made wooden tools. Most of the farmers of our country are illiterate and landless. So they do not know the value of scientific method of cultivation. They live from hand to mouth. Most of them live below extreme poverty line. A poor farmer can not buy good seeds, fertilizers and insecticides and has no ability to, use the power tiller. Asa result, he can not grow better crops. He cannot educate his children properly. He depends on rain. He does not get good harvest when there is no rain or less rain. Sometimes, he gets loan- from the money-lender or a bank. If he fails to repay his loan in time, he has to sell what he has. He becomes happy when he gets good harvest and getspains when he gets no good harvest. Though a farmer is poor, he leads an hon est, life. A farmer is our real friend but has a little dignity and love in our society. Our government should sanction him a necessary loan to change his poor condition for our greater interest. ​ ​ A FARMER Bangladesh is an agricultural country. So, the prosperity of Bangladesh entirely depends on the well-being of a farmer. The life of a farmer in Bangladesh is a continuous struggle against poverty. He is very hard-working. He gets up at dawn and goes to the field to work. He is busy in tilling the fields, sowing seeds and reaping the crops. He works there all day long. He grows abundant paddy and vegetables. In the past a farmer of Bangladesh led a happy and contented life. He had no want of anything. But now-a-days his life is fully miserable. He has no land of his own to cultivate. He cultivates the land of well-to-do people. He produces food grains by the sweat of his brow. But he cannot enjoy the fruits of his labour. He gets a share of the crops he produces. He is always hard up and lives from hand to mouth throughout the year. He lives a very simple life. His clothes are simple. He lives in a mud-house. His property consists of a few bulls, a plough-share etc. But a farmer is the very soul of this country. To make the country self-sufficient in food and to make the green revolution a success, steps should be taken for improving the life-style of a farmer. ​ A Fish Market ​ There is a special charm (attraction) of a fish market to the people of Bangladesh. A fish- market is a part and parcel of the market in our country. It is a place where fishes are bought and sold. The fish-sellers take seats in rows. Generally there is a platform on which the fish-sellers sit with their big baskets full of fishes. They take their fishes in small quantities out of their baskets and arrange them for sale. Sometimes they sprinkle water from an earthen pot. It looks fishes fresh and lively. The best fishes generally attract large crowds of customers. Small fishes are kept separately for the poor people. The fish-sellers are very clever. They never tell their buyers the exact price of their fishes. They usually demand much higher prices. Consequently, higgling continues between the buyers and the fish-sellers. This makes the fish market the noisy place in the whole market. On the whole, a fish market plays an important role in our daily life. ​ A flood that I have experienced A flood is a devastating natural calamity. Floods occur in Bangladesh almost every year. I give here below my experience of a destructive flood that visited our locality last year. It affected almost all the districts of this country. Before flood there was heavy rainfall for days together. The water began to rise in an abnormal way. Soon it rose above the danger level. Gradually all the lands and roads went under water. The communication was cut off. The crops were destroyed. The houses and cattle were swept away by the current. There was water and water everywhere. No trace of land was found to stand on. Then the boat was the only means of communication for going from one place to another. In some villages whole families perished. In our village a few, somehow, managed to save themselves by climbing on the trees-tops, the roofs of semi brick-built houses. The government and the N.G.O’s took direct steps to fight with this natural calamity. It took a long time to make up the harrowing toll of distress caused by the flood last year which I experienced from a close quarter. ​ ​ LIFE OF A FARMER ​ Bangladesh is an agro-based country. So, the prosperity of Bangladesh entirely depends on the well-being of a farmer. The life of a farmer in Bangladesh is a continuous struggle against poverty. He is very hard-working. He gets up at dawn and goes to the field to work. He is busy in tilling the fields, sowing seeds and reaping the crops. He works there all day long. He grows abundant paddy and vegetables. In the past a farmer of Bangladesh led a happy and contented life. He had no want of anything. But now-a-days his life is fully miserable. He has no land of his own to cultivate. He cultivates the land of well-to-do people. He produces food grains by the sweat of his brow. But he cannot enjoy the fruits of his labour. He gets a share of the crops he produces. He is always hard up and lives from hand to mouth throughout the year. He lives a very simple life. His clothes are simple. He lives in a mud-house. His property consists of a few bulls, a plough-share etc. But a farmer is the very soul of this country. To make the country self-sufficient in food and to make the green revolution a success, steps should be taken for improving the life-style of a farmer. ​ Life of a Farmer ​ Bangladesh is mainly an agricultural country. So 85% of her population are farmers. But most of the farmers of our country have no landed property. They till the land of other landlords. A farmer gets up early in the morning. He takes a simple breakfast with panthabhat and goes to the field with wooden plough and a pair of bullocks. He ploughs the land, sows the seeds and weeds out. He comes back home at noon, takes bath and meal. Then he takes rest for a while and again goes to the field and works till it is dusk. During the rainy season, he spends the whole day in the field. He works from dawn to dusk. His income is very scanty. The big share ()f his labour goes to the landlords. He has both pleasure and pain in his life. He gets pleasure when he can provide his children with food and cloths. He feels pain when he fails to do so. That is to say, ho lives from hand to mouth. Though our farmers are doing their boss to feed the nation, yet they remain in debts. Therefore, we should try heart and soul to improve their lot / condition. ​ A flood I have witnessed Bangladesh is a riverine country. Flood is one of the destructive natural calamities. Ours is a low country on the mouth of Bay of Bengal. Flood occurs almost every year in our country. Heavy rainfall is the main cause of floods. I have an experience about the severity of flood. Two years ago, during a rainy season, all of our family members went to our village to spend the vacation. There was excessive rainfall in the village. But the sudden increase of water in the rivers overflowed their banks and submerged the land. The flood water washed away houses, ruined crops, uprooted the trees and destroyed men and cattle. Many people were rendered homeless and many lives were lost. That flood broke all the records of the past. The whole country was inundated. All communication was cut off. So, the sufferings of the people knew no bounds. The after effects were even more dangerous. Epidemic and famine broke out in the village. People suffered from lack of drinking water. There were scarcity of foods, clothes, medicines and so on. The dead body of man and animal were here and there. In one word, the situation of the whole country was horrifying. It was really a sad episode of my life. I will never forget it for its devastation. ​ A FOGGY DAY A foggy day is cold and dismal and is covered with mist. Everything seems hazy. The grasses below are wet with dew and sparkle like pearls in the sunbeams. One can hardly see and identify things at a distance. People in warm clothes to keep themselves warm look strange. The old people shiver in cold. People gather straw and make fires at different places to bask in the heat of the sun. Birds’ chirping is not heard. The cow and other animals cannot come out. Then the sun peeps over the eastern horizon and starts rising. Nature takes on a charming aspect. The touch of the sunrays makes the birds and beasts quite happy. Farmers go to the fields and begin their day’s work. With the advancing sun, people shirk off the feeling of cold and set about their usual course of work. Then the scene of mist and fog disappears and the sunny morning paves the way for man’s daily activities. In a foggy day one can enjoy delicious and sweet cakes, ‘piash’ of date juice and many other things. A foggy day is enjoyable in many respects. ​ Female education Education is the birth right of everybody. It makes a harmonious development of one’s mental faculties. So, facilities for education should be held open to everybody. In this respect, no discrimination should be made between man and woman. In fact, education must be universal.Some people are opposed to female education. They opine that women are intellectually inferior to men. So they are mainly meant for hearth and home. They should deal with the kitchen. They should perform the household duties, bring up the children and yield comforts to their male partner. On the whole, their duties are totally confined to the inner apartment. The arguments stated above do not hold water. It is true that they have some special tasks to perform inside the household. But these special tasks also cannot be properly done by an uneducated woman. An educated husband cannot put up with an uneducated partner. An uneducated mistress is not in a position to do her household duties in sound lines. It is impossible for an uneducated mother to bring up their children in an appropriate manner. We can expect the women to acquit themselves well even in their special tasks only when they are given proper education. Women are found equal to men in all respects except in physical strength. The question of their intellectual inferiority lays bare a negative answer. So there should not be any distinction between men and women in respect of education. Many women are now successfully competing with men in many active branches of life. Thus there cannot be any ground to deprive women of the benefits of education. Women also have their social responsibilities. Half of the people of our co untry are women. No development can be brought about in our society without participation of half of its members. And development work cannot be carried out successfully with uneducated women. Thus our women should be educated at the earliest. It may be advisable to modify the old system of education for our girls. Subject like Home Economics, Domestic Science, Cooking, Sewing and Nursing should be included in their course of study. It is a good sign that there is a general awakening among the women. The United National Charter provides for removal of discrimination between men and women. The women of our countries are also coming out of their domestic walls and working side by side with men in every walk of life. Our government is making all-out efforts to pave the way for female education in our country. We should remember that education is one of the fundamental rights of everybody male or female. ​ ​ The Importance of Female Education ​ Female education is the precondition of the development of a nation. Both men and women are the members of a society. So it is true that both men and women should receive proper education in order to build up a happy and progressive society. Education is the back bone of a nation. It is compared to light and focus of a society. No development and progress is possible without proper and true education. Without proper education a society or a nation is deaf. dump and blind. About half of the population of our country is female. Only education can make women conscious of their rights and duties. So female education is a must. A mother is the best teacher of their.children. In all advanced countries majority of school and college teachers are women. Generally they are more friendly, careful and laborious than men. In the meantime the government of Bangladesh has introduced stipend for female students which encourage female students to get proper education. By getting proper education women can learn well about child care, sanitation. the value of family planning and the rules of health. An educated woman can also play an important role in improving national economy like a man. All necessary and proper steps should be taken to encourage female education for the betterment of our country. Finally. Napoleon says, "Give me an educated mother; I shall give you an educated nation. ​ A Foggy Morning Fog is generally seen in winter morning. A cloudy and gloomy night creates fog. The period of night becomes longer but the fog remains throughout till sun rise. In the winter morning, it is seen on the blades of the grass and the leaves of the trees. All nature seems to wear a fresh dress of peace and purity. It looks very beautiful. Neither the earth nor the horizon is visible. The sun is not visible for a long period. The fog is not transparent. As a result, nothing can be seen clearly through it. People feel uneasy. Even the animals do not like it. They are not willing to graze in the field. In such a morning, everything seems dull. Children also feel uneasy. All activities of the people about to standstill. At times, the drivers of the vehicles can not ply their vehicles in the roads and streets properly. That is to say, everything looks hazy. The sun light is wel­come to the people at that time. When the sun rises, fog disapp­ears. However, a foggy morning is unpleasant and uncomfortable. ​ FESTIVALS OF BANGLADESH ​ Bangladesh is a developing country. The people of this country may not be wealthy but they are rich in their heart. Inhabitants of this country have long been reputed for their hospitability. They pass their life with many festivities. People of different cast and creed live together in peace and harmony in this country. That’s why we see a great variety of festivals being celebrated by them. Bangladesh is a Muslim majority country. ‘Eid-Ul-Fitr’ and ‘Eid-Ul-Azha’ are the major religious festivals of the Muslims. The Hindus celebrate ‘Durga Puja’ as their main religious festival. ‘Buddha Purnima’ is the chief religious program of the Buddhists. The Christians celebrate ‘Christmas Day’ as their principal festival. The country commemorates some other festivals which people of all walks of life observe together regardless of all their difference. 25th March is celebrated as ‘Independent Day’. The declaration of the independence of Bangladesh was proclaimed on this day of 1971. 16th December is our ‘Victory Day’. We gained freedom from the occupying Pakistani force on this day of 1971. Both of these events are observes with profound respect by the people of Bangladesh. ‘Pahela Baishakh’ is a program which is very significant in out national life. It is the first day of a new Bangla year. This day is celebrated with many cultural programs and in some places by arranging ‘Mela’. This program represents the pen-picture of the nation’s national culture. Hence, it is our national festival. All this festivals indeed, makes us a very colourful nation. ​ FIRST DAY AT SCHOOL School is an institution where students learn a lot of things. It is an indispensable part of student life. Besides giving academic learning, it also enables the students to be perfect men in life. So school plays a very important role in student life. Actually student life cannot be imagined without school. Accordingly, first day at school is a momentous event of student life. It is the beginning of student life. First day at school is a new experience for every student. On that particular day students express their mixed feelings. That day they not only feel thrilled but also get nervous because of not having any previous experience. At the same time they think that a new experience is a new examination for them. However, first day at school is a memorable day for every student no doubt. It was the same for me. On my first day I went to my new school with my father. We met the Headmaster of the school, Mr. Rahman. The Headmaster asked me some questions. I answered them well. But I felt worried and nervous because I did not know anybody at my new school. Then the Headmaster took me to my classroom. There I saw a lot of students like myself. One of them was Navid. He asked me my name. I liked him. Afterwards we became good friends. I enjoyed my first day at my new school. I found that the teachers and students in my new school were very amicable. I liked them and I always want to remember them. And my worry came to an end. ​ A Fisherman ​ A fisherman is a very useful person in our society. He is a very common figure to the people of Bangladesh because Bangladesh is a dream land of rivers, seas, canals, haors, beels. lakes, tanks and ponds. A fishes man is he who lives by ". ct -~Pw) catching and selling fishes. He is very laborious and courageous in nature.: fisherman lives in a village near a canal or a river or a sea. He uses a boat for catching fish. He catches fish by his hand-made net. On the rainy day, he and the members of his family make new nets and repair the old ones. Most of the fishermen are illiterate and very poor. They have no net or boat of their own. So they work in groups. Fishing in the big river or the sea is very risky and challenging but interesting too. He often catches fish in the deep sea or at stormy nights. His pleasure knows no bounds when he catches a big fish or a lot of fish. In spite of strugglingling. Hard a fisherman leads a very sorrowful and miserable life. He can not educate his children because of his extreme poverty .He hardly enjoys happiness and pleasure of life. In a word, he lives in wants and dies in wants. Yet-, he feels proud because he leads an honest life. He does a great- good to us by supplying fishes. He supports his family by his honest service. Really he is our great friend. Our govt. should provide him with a necessary loan to change the wheels of his lot for our greater interest. ​ A FOUNTAIN PEN A fountain pen is a writing pen with an inside-tube, which supplies ink. It has mainly two parts----the body and the cap. The body has four parts----an ink-holder, a mouth, a nib-fitter and a nib. The cap consists of a crew and clip. The nib and the nib-fitter are closely connected with the mouth of the body. When the pen is on work, the cap is placed on the top of the body. At other times it is used as a covering of the nib. The nib is so constructed that the ink can smoothly flow through it. A fountain pen has an automatic flow of ink. There are many kinds of fountain pen. They differ in sizes and shapes. It is essential for every student, educated man and woman. A fountain pen is very beautiful to look at. Now-a-days, it is not commonly used. It sometimes serves the purpose of an ornament. A fountain pen is a part of modern civilization. ​ A Fountain Pen A fountain pen is a part and parcel of an educated person. It is nothing but a good looking writing instrument in which ink fountains. It is of various shapes, sizes and colours. Generally it consists of three main parts - the cap, the body and the nib. The cap is made of copper or nickel or some other metal. The cap protects the nib. It has a clip with which the pen is fixed to the pocket or the bag. The body of the pen contains ink. It is generally made of plastic, metal etc. Nowadays, most of the pens have modern tubes, within their bodies and these tubes contain ink. The nib with a feeder is the lower part of a fountain pen. The nib is so made that ink can easily flow through it. The nib is made of copper or nickel. Sometimes it is made of gold. The price of the fountain pen depends on the metal with which the cap and the nib are made. A good fountain pen is, as It were, an ornament to a man or woman. We can not think even for a single moment without a fountain pen. In fact, we can say that it is a good and faithful friend of the student as well as the teacher. ​ FOGGY DAY A foggy day is cold and dismal and is covered with mist. Everything seems hazy. The grasses below are wet with dew and sparkle like pearls in the sunbeams. One can hardly see and identify things at a distance. People in warm clothes to keep themselves warm look strange. The old people shiver in cold. People gather straw and make fires at different places to bask in the heat of the sun. Birds’ chirping is not heard. The cow and other animals cannot come out. Then the sun peeps over the eastern horizon and starts rising. Nature takes on a charming aspect. The touch of the sunrays makes the birds and beasts quite happy. Farmers go to the fields and begin their day’s work. With the advancing sun, people shirk off the feeling of cold and set about their usual course of work. Then the scene of mist and fog disappears and the sunny morning paves the way for man’s daily activities. In a foggy day one can enjoy delicious and sweet cakes, ‘piash’ of date juice and many other things. A foggy day is enjoyable in many respects. ​ FRIENDSHIP ​ Friendship is a human instinct between two persons not bound by any relationship. It is a divine tie between one individual and the other. It is one of the greatest blessings of the Almighty to man. It is a relationship which is based on the union of same minded persons. Absolute trust for one another builds up unshakable friendship. The two friends must always belong to the same and uneven level of feelings for each other. True friend is never fortune-hunter. He always remains beside his friend. In the days of our prosperity, there is no want of friend. But when we fall in crisis, true friends are tested. A real friend will never desert us if we are in problem. A true friend is himself a guide for us. He always tries to keep us in right path. He never keeps himself busy for his own self. If we violate his advice and fall in danger, he comes forward and spreads his helping hand to save us from all sorts of danger. It is the friendship that sometimes springs from the mental esteem and from our long attachment. But we must be careful when we select friend. It is said that a man is known by the company he keeps. So, we must select a person as a friend who is honest, noble and sincere. And only by this way, a true friendship is possible. ​ FOOD PROBLEM IN BANGLADESH ​ Food is an essential thing for any living creature. We eat food so that we may live. Bangladesh which is mainly an agricultural country is not self-sufficient in food. She cannot feed all her people with the food she produces. There is a big shortage of food every year. So there is the problem of food and question of growing more food has arisen. Our country is suffering from food problem for different reasons. First, our population is increasing year after year, but production of our food is not increasing. Secondly, our land has lost its capacity to grow more food for want of proper care. Then unscientific cultivation and lack of proper distribution of land are also responsible for shortage of food. Besides, floods, cyclones, pests and insects are causing harm to our crops. Moreover, it is our negligence to take an effective policy to grow more food our people. In order to solve the problem we have to increase the production of food grains. To do this we have to take up scientific method of cultivation. We should use manure and expand irrigation facilities. The scientific tools of agriculture should be made available in cheap rate. Co-operative farming should be introduced. All kinds of land should be brought under cultivation. We should follow the natural method of ‘rotation of crops’ to keep the fertility of the land intact. We should also take measure to protect food crops from drought, floods, pests and other harms of nature. Loans on easy terms should be sanctioned to the cultivators for farming. Electrification is a must for the development of the rural areas. It is also necessary to give land to the actual tillers of the soil. The livestock should be raised properly so that they can serve us more effectively. Our livestock are also helpful for growing more food. Besides, we should take steps to increase our fish production. On the whole, our over population should be checked for the greater welfare of the country. ​ THE DAILY ACTIVITIES OF A GARMENT WORKER Garments industry is one of the most important sectors for the economy of our country. The contribution of garment workers has made it possible. An ordinary garment worker in our country leads a very laborious life. Early rising in the morning is usual for her. She has to reach the factory a few minutes before her shift starts. Generally she walks to her factory along with other girls working there. Sometimes she has to get on a crowded public bus to reach her factory. On the way to her destination she is infected with slang words from various corners. In the factory she is not in a congenial atmosphere. She works in congested rooms, which is detrimental to their health. Sometimes she works whole day resting on her feet. At noon she gets a lunch break for half an hour. Almost everyday she eats the poor lunch taken from her house with her colleagues in the factory. She works in the factory for long hours till late at night. She has to be at the factory up to 9 or 10 p.m. In spite of her long hours’ of work she is not remunerated properly. Since labour is cheap, hard work at the factory earns a garment worker very little money. Though she works hard for long hours of the day, she is frequently haunted by the thought of uncertain future. Thus a garment worker passes her daily activities with ups and downs. ​ FUTURE PLAN OF MY LIFE One must settle some plans or aim in life because without them life becomes a drifting boat in a stormy sea, always looking fora land to anchor. It may be disputed that humans cannot follow all their plans owing to the adversity of time. However, I have fixed up a plan for myself. I have a desire to serve the country. With this in mind, I want to be a teacher, the noblest person in the society, who is morally obliged to build and mould up a sound society. Teaching has always been regarded as a noble profession. It is the teachers who impart knowledge, provide consciousness, humanity to the inhabitants of the society and serve until the last day of their life. This is why I have chosen to be a teaches. Right from this moment, I am preparing for my future. I will enter university and work sincerely to complete my graduation and post-graduation and, then try to receive training ing for effective teaching. It is really encouraging for me that my parents have their support and cooperation for my aim. They all believe that my sincerity, determination, vivacity in my work will obviously contribute to the development of the society. ​ ​ FLOOD Bangladesh is a land of rivers. Her lands are also low lying. So floods visit this country almost every year. Flood is a natural calamity. The excessive overflow of water that carries away houses, uproots trees and plants and damages crops is called flood. There are many causes of flood. They are heavy rainfall, tidal waves, terrible storm, earthquakes, snow melt etc. Flood causes heavy damage to life and property of the people. It washes away villages and towns. The streets, roads and houses go under water during flood. People suffer much and their normal life is disturbed. The after effects of flood are very dangerous. People do not get pure drinking water. So, various kinds of diseases break out in the flood affected areas. Famine also breaks out in those areas. Flood does some good to us by bringing much silt and making land fertile. In our country flood means a terrible misfortune. The people of Bangladesh cannot forget the terrible floods that occurred in 1954, 1955, 1960, 1962, 1969, 1970, 1974, 1980, 1984, 1987, and 1988. The recent flood of 1998 affected almost all the districts of Bangladesh. We must find out a solution of this problem. ​ G Gender Disparity/Discrimination: A heinous social curse Gender disparity means gender discrimination or difference between male an d female in the field of observing rights as a human being. In the developed countries there is no gender disparity. But in our country this disparity is severe. It pervades both rural and urban communities. It is especially seen in the rural areas too much. Many girl students are deprived of getting educated both in towns and villages. Only boys are allowed to go to school, college and university and most of the conservative families do so. In many families of Bangladesh especially of the villages, boys and girls are not treated equally. Many parents love their sons more and always give them more facilities than their daughters. They usually think that educating a daughter is nothing but waste of time and money. After class seven or eight they think that they should marry their daughters off. Even many of the modern and educated families of our country do not think higher education for their daughters or sisters. They do not allow their daughters, sisters and wives to do a job outside the home. They are kept busy with maintaining different household chores and bringing up children. But on the other hand, boys or male members of the family are allowed to go to school, college and to complete higher education and to do any job anywhere outside the home. However, both males and females should be considered equal, should be given equal rights and facilities and should be exploited equally so that women can play a vital role in the development of the country like men. For this, we have to educate all females and have to change the mentality. We have to make them aware that women can do the same thing of men. Like men, women can change their lives by working with men and earning a lot of money. After all, government should take effective measures to diminish gender disparity for the development of the country. So, if we want our own betterment, we, both males and females, have to work together. ​ GENDER DISCRIMINATION ​ Gender discrimination means the preference of one sex, especially the male people, depriving the other sex. It is a great malpractice to women. Gender discrimination begins when a girl chile is horn, and it continues throughout her life. With the birth of a girl the society impresses on her many illusions about her low status in the society ty she is born in. This practice lasts in a society because the members of the society, think that the male are suited to add to the family income. The ignorance and illiteracy of people are also responsible for gender discrimination. As a consequence of this discrimination, women are treated disrespectfully and disgracefully in the society. Even the women one day start to believe the illusions implanted on them by the society. They undergo inferiority complex. To solve this problem of gender discrimination, we all should come forward to making the people aware of the equal status of the women. Government should also take steps in this respect. Among the steps, female education, mass awareness, avoiding social dogmas are very important to follow to get rid of this social stigma. We must stand against it and keep the womenfolk in our march of advancement for social equilibrium. ​ The Adverse Effect of Gender Discrimination ​ Gender- discrimination denotes the disparity of enjoying rights and facilities between the male and female sections. Still today gender discrimination is one of the most inhuman customs in our society. Almost everyday the grim pictures of this evil custom are seen in newspapers and on TV screens. In our society this brute custom begins at birth. All illiterate families long for male children. A girl or a woman is deprived of almost all social rights and facilities. In our society, educating a girl is regarded as the wastage of money and time of a family. A girl is not allowed to receive better education in most of the families in our society. Most girls and women 'are confined to within the four walls of the house. As a result, our women society 4.94iei) is unproductive, unskilled and unemployed. They get no chance to take part in any social and national development activities. But some educated women of the enlightened families have already proved their efficiency and ability by working with men in different development working projects and sectors. Illiteracy and social superstitions are the root reasons of this evil custom. Social unawareness is another reason of this curse. Extreme poverty is a prime reason of it. This evil custom curves our all development plans and activities wonderfully. No development is possible without their participation in any development work. Our narrow outlook should be altered, Illiteracy must be stamped out, social superstitions must be eradicated, early marriage must be banned and equal facilities should be ensured between men and women. Public awareness must be raised about the curse of gender discrimination. ​ ​ GENDER DISCRIMINATION ​ Gender discrimination in Bangladesh begins at birth. To say truly girls are born to an unwelcome world. Mostly the teenaged girls are deprived of higher education. They are considered to be a burden for a family because after marriage they will go to their in-law’s house. So, parents are not ready to invest for their future. The girls are not allowed to go outside without permission. They are confined to domestic chores. In case of food and dresses, male children are given more importance. In decision making and treatment facilities, girls are neglected. They are thought to be unproductive. In decision making and treatment facilities, girls are neglected. They are thought to be unproductive. A number of reasons, such as, social prejudice, superstition, blind faith, social and economic backwardness, illiteracy, ignorance etc are responsible for gender discrimination in our country. So outlook towards them must be liberal and generous. Otherwise it hampers our humanity. At the same time social and religious restriction should be uprooted by creating a positive attitude among people. They should be considered as human beings rather than as female. Then only it is possible to solve the degrading position of the women. Globalization Globalization is, basically, a process of expanding trade and commerce all over the world by creating a borderless market. The idea of Globalization came into practice only in the last decade thought the idea was age old. It has also a far-reaching effect on many aspects of life. The world has come closer with the development of hi-tech communication media and rapid transport facilities. We can learn instantly what is happening in the remotest corner of the world. We are also able to go to any country in the shortest possible time. This is how countries of the world are like families in a village. We can share our joys and sorrows like next door neighbors. Globalization also brings all types of different customs and behavior into our homes through satellite television channels and the Internet. Now, we can enrich our local culture through constant interaction of different cultures. But, along with this, the cultural assault can also be resisted by the strength of our own traditional social values, beliefs and attitudes. However, as a result of Globalization, capitalist countries are enjoying more opportunities by exploiting the poor countries. Globalization integrates global economy in a way which exerts influence on both economic and social relations among the countries of the world. If Globalization is imposed upon a properly educated and properly trained labour force in an appropriate system it will lead to development and progress. If the developed and developing nations work together on terms of solidarity, equity and justice the process of Globalization will make our world a better place to live in. ​ Gender Disparity/ Discrimination Gender disparity means gender discrimination or difference between male and female in the field of observing rights as a human being. It pervades severely both rural and urban communities in our country. Only boys are allowed to go to school, college and university to complete higher education and to do any job anywhere outside the home. Many girl students are deprived of getting educated both in towns and villages. Many parents love their sons more and always give them more facilities than their daughters. They usually think that educating a daughter is nothing but waste of time and money. After class seven or eight they think that they should marry their daughters off. Even many of the modern and educated families of our country do not think higher education for their daughters or sisters. They do not allow their daughters, sisters and wives to do a job outside the home. They are kept busy with maintaining different household chores and bringing up children. However, both males and females should be considered equal, should be given equal rights and facilities and should be exploited equally so that women can play a vital role in the development of the country like men. For this, we have to educate all females and have to change the mentality. We have to make them aware that women can do the same thing of men. Like men, women can change their lives by working with men and earning a lot of money. After all, government should take effective measures to diminish gender disparity for the development of the country. So, if we want our own betterment, we, both males and females, have to work together. Group Work Group work, an effective way of learning and cooperation with others, involves students working collaboratively on set tasks, in or out of the classroom. Its aim is to learn through group cooperation and encourage all students to participate in the learning process. This approach is defined in the classroom as a group. The members obtain useful information from each other to extend their knowledge and abilities through the cooperation. To do group work, the class has to be divided into groups. Each group is to do some tasks given by the teacher or in the textbook. The group members will discuss and share ideas and points, and finally one member will write the answer. All this is knowledge about group work. Then one starts working in groups. In each group one takes turns discussing points, answering questions, etc. In this way one actually does the task. Teacher may monitor and help to do the work. Lastly, through regular group work it is expected that there will be noticeable changes in one’s behaviour. Possible changes are– one will develop the attitude of freely mixing and talking with one’s classmates and teacher. One’s shyness will gradually disappear. One will develop the attitude of helping and cooperating with each other. One will learn to behave in a democratic way. Most importantly, these behavioural changes taking place in one inside the classroom will be carried over outside the classroom, in real-life situations. In order to maximise these benefits, one will need to manage one’s group work effectively. ​ ​ Globalisation: A new notion of global interaction Globalisation means internationalisation. It is a phenomenon involving the integration of economics, cultures, governmental policies, and the movements around the world. Trade and investment between countries have promoted interdependence and the world’s economies for centuries. What is now called globalisation, however, represents an exponential acceleration of the integration process. It has been formed by the leading countries of the world. Nowadays the world is linked as never before due to advances in communication and transportation and also due to trade agreements that have lowered or eliminated barriers or borders in the exchange of goods. So our world has become a global village. As a result, similar goods are sold around the world for similar prices. The highly integrated financial and commodity markets see price movements in one part of the world instantaneously reflected in other major markets. The BBC, CNN, MTV and the Internet have accelerated the integration of global culture. Science and technology have also accelerated this global process. So, teenagers around the world watch the same videos, listen to the same music and wear the same clothes. However, we can say that globalisation may bring happiness for us all only if we can make a mutual understanding, otherwise it will not only become a threat to a developing nation but also ruin our existence and may turn us into parasites. ​ GLOBALISATION ​ Globalisation is, basically, a process of expanding trade and commerce all over the world by creating a borderless owker. However, it is creating more opportunities for capitalist countries rather than for the developing ones. In the one of help and co-operation, the industrially developed capitalist countries are exploiting the cheap labour available in poor countries. This is the common fear about the adverse effects of globalisation in the countries like ours. But, the few is not quite justified because globalisation has also a far-reaching effect on many aspects of life. With the development of hi-tech communication media and rapid transportation facilities the world has come closer. We can share our joys and sorrows like next door neighbours. Globalisation also brings all types of different customs and behavior into our homes through satellite television channels and the Internet. Now, we can enrich our local culture through constant interaction of different cultures. But, along with this, the cultural assault can also be resisted by the strength of our own traditional social values, beliefs and attitudes. ​ A GOOD STUDENT A good student is one who is fully conscious of his duties and responsibilities. I have the idea of having a close touch with such a good student. He is my classmate, Arif. He is a student who is always eager to know and acts according to what he learns. He lives in accordance with the strict rules of conduct and discipline. He is punctual, early rising, and obedient to parents. He is well-disciplined. He studies while it is time to study and plays while it is time to play and enjoys a sound mind in a sound body. He behaves with others in a polite way and he is modest. He shows habitual respect to his teachers and other superiors. He is co-operative with the students of the class. He is very much choosy about who he mixes with. He is fully conscious to ensure that no evil tempts him. Again, he is a good sportsman. He also takes keen interest in social service. From now on, he prepares himself to shoulder the responsibility in future. He is conscious of politics but does not take active part in politics In short, his ideal is plain living and high thinking. I hope that he can bring glory to the country. ​ THE LIFE OF A GARMENT WORKER Garments industry is one of the most important sectors for the economy of our country. The contribution of garment workers has made it possible. An ordinary garment worker in our country leads a very laborious life. Early rising in the morning is usual for her. She has to reach the factory a few minutes before her shift starts. Generally she walks to her factory along with other girls working there. Sometimes she has to get on a crowded public bus to reach her factory. On the way to her destination she is infected with slang words from various corners. In the factory she is not in a congenial atmosphere. She works in congested rooms, which is detrimental to their health. Sometimes she works whole day resting on her feet. Sometimes fire breaks out in the factory and there is no preventive measure. It is miserable for a garment worker. At noon she gets a lunch break for half an hour. Almost everyday she eats the poor lunch taken from her house with her colleagues in the factory. She works in the factory for long hours till late at night. She has to be at the factory up to 9 or 10 p.m. In spite of her long hours’ of work she is not remunerated properly. Since labour is cheap, hard work at the factory earns a garment worker very little money. Though she works hard for long hours of the day, she is frequently haunted by the thought of uncertain future. As tradition goes on, she will get married with a fellow worker and try to continue her poor life. Thus the life of a garment worker goes on with ups and downs. ​ A GOOD TEACHER ​ A good teacher is a blessing upon the students who have the fortune to get acquainted with. I have an experience of having close touch with such a teacher. He is our English teacher, Mr.-----. He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that he is a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. So, I like him most. ​ A GOOD CITIZEN A citizen is the asset of a country. A good citizen has as many duties as he has rights. The basic rights of a citizen are his basic human rights. He has right to live, travel, work, and vote. He has the right to education, security and justice. He has also the right to die a normal death. He has many other rights which he can enjoy. Again a citizen has to perform many duties. First of all he has duties to himself, which is to make himself a worthy citizen of the country in every sense of the word. Then he has duties to his family, to his relatives and friends, to his community, to the locality, and finally, to the country. And, a student-citizen has the further duty to his studies. Political rights are different from individual rights. They are group rights and fought for as a group claim in the form of demand by a political party. A good citizen is a wealth when he is worthy to the nation. ​ A Good Teacher ​ The person who teaches the students in any educational institution is called a teacher. In fact, he is the architect of a nation. He tries to dispel the darkness of ignorance from the mind of the students. He builds up the mind and morality of a student. He always encourages the students to know more and r.-iore about everything in the world. He makes the lessons interesting, charming and keeps the students captivated. He makes them ideal men and confident citizens. Every student is more or less clever. An ideal teacher discovers it and guides the students properly. A good teacher is one who not only teaches well but also helps him to build an ideal character. He is an inspiration to his pupils/students. He prevents his students from doing evil. He is well-behaved and affectionate with the students. He also shows them the way to shine in life. We know that education is the backbone of a nation. In the same way, a good teacher is the backbone of education. In fact, a good teacher is one of the most important persons in our country. ​ A GOOD NEIGHBOUR Very few people are blessed with good neighbours. I am lucky to have such good neighbour. I live in a town. I have a number of neighbours. Of them all, I like one most. The neighbour I like most is my next-door neighbour. His name is Mr. ‘X’. He is a young man of twenty eight years. We have known each other for about five years. He is endowed with many good qualities. He is a good student. He has a sound health. He is by nature, amiable and cheerful. He always considers the good to his neighbours. He is co-operative and friendly without getting into any kind of quarrels with them. Courtesy goes a long way and even if any of his neighbours is the quarrelsome kind, his pleasant manner changes the disturbing one. He visits us on every happy occasion and expenses his joy. If any neighbour is in trouble and needs help, he doesn’t wait for extending his helping hand. In my distress, he is always the first man to offer his services. He guides me too. He also has great affection for me. I do not find any blemish in his personality. After all, that is what being a good neighbour is all about. I am really proud of having such an ideal man as my neighbour. GRAMEEN BANK ​ Bangladesh has a long history of micro-credit finance. There are several internationally acclaimed organisations of micro-credit, such as the Grameen Bank. This bank provides credit to the poor, particularly rural women. Professor Mohammad Yunus, who is the chairman of Grameen Bank established the same in 1983. A Grameen Bank project allows only the poor and landless people to take a loan from the bank. Before they can borrow the money, they have to make 5-6 groups of workers, each having five members. Then they have a centre where the bank works to give loans and receive repayment of loans. All the group members must be registered members of the Grameen Project. Each member of a group is given a registered number. There must be an elected Chairperson and an elected Secretary of the group. They hold office for a year. The members conduct their business with the bank through the Chairman. Grameen Bank, in addition to providing credit, emphasizes the need to develop skills and raise consciousness among the rural poor. Meanwhile, the living condition of a large number of programme participants has risen above the poverty line. Grameen Bank, therefore, has started a silent revolution among the women, and its impact is far-reaching. A GOOD TEACHER A good teacher is a blessing upon the students who have the fortune to get acquainted with. I have an experience of having close touch with such a teacher. He is our English teacher, Mr.-----. He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that he is a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. So, I like him most. ​ GREENHOUSE EFFECT Greenhouse effect is the gradual warming of the air surrounding the earth as a result of heat being trapped by environment pollution. This is exemplified by the destruction and burning down of tropical rain forests, by traffic that clogs up city streets, by the rapid growth of industry, the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in packaging and manufacturing commercial products, the use of detergents such as washing powder and washing-up liquid and so on. The oceans are also said to be affected both because of human waste and because of pollution caused by industrial waste products, oil seeping from damaged supertankers and from other maritime disasters. However, the main culprits for global warming are carbon dioxide gas, produced by the burning of fossil fuels and forests, and pollutants such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons. Climatologists predict that midway through this century, temperatures may have risen by as much as 4°C. This could catastrophically reduce mankind’s ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness, raise sea levels and thereby flood coastal areas and farmland. The alarming news about Bangladesh is that as a result of the rise of the sea level, the lower southern part of the country may one day go under water. Hence we should take the pragmatic steps to control the greenhouse effect. ​ GROWING UP SOCIALLY As a social being, growing up socially is a precondition for every man. Man cannot live alone. Greek philosopher Aristotle said that ‘man is by nature a social being’. He has to lead a social life. Man cannot be self-centered like animals. He has some duties towards himself, to his family, to his society and the nation. Our Prophet said that the man who serves others is the greatest. All the great men on earth were very much conscious about their duties towards society. They dedicated their lives for the welfare of their society’s people. They extended their helping hands towards the helpless men. They shared the feelings of destitute people of the society. Even they sacrificed their belongings and peace and happiness of their minds for the welfare of fellowmen. If we want to follow them and want to establish ourselves in the society properly we also have to render social services to our society. We have to come forward with helpful mind at the time of people’s misery. We have to feel the sorrowful condition of downtrodden people. We have to take part in all sorts of social movements in order to promote the living condition of the people of our society and to improve the environment of our society. But it is not an easy task to render social services responsibly. If we want to carry out the above mentioned duties in true sense, we should be grown up socially. But if we fail to do this we cannot contribute to the development of our society and nation, and in this respect our existence as a human being will be diminished one day. ​ H A Hartal Day: A suspension of regular activities In modern civilisatio n most of the states of the world face hartal in season and out of season. So we are quite familiar with it. Hartal is the rightful demand of the political parties. It is observed at the call of a political party or parties to pr ess their demand to the ruling party. Sometimes the opposition political party or parties call hartal against the corruption, misgovernment, misuse of power and the evil deeds of the ruling party. At times students and people of a locality call hartal to expose their demand. On a hartal day the usual course of life is hampered. The communication system of the country is broken down as all vehicles and the other transports cannot move. Rickshaws are seen few and far between. Picketers burn cars and others on the road to stop the movement of the vehicles. People are to face a lot of troubles on a hartal day. They go on foot. The road looks desolate. The economical activities of the country come to a stand still. Most of the mills and factories, markets and shops remain closed. The foreign investors lose their interest to the country. Often clashes occur between the police and picketers or between the hartal activists and the anti-hartal activists. Sometimes these clashes bring loss of lives. The police are engaged in important spots to control the situation and to avert unwanted events. Yet harassment of man and women often becomes a common scene. On a hartal day students suffer a lot. We hope the peaceful solution of any problem arisen between the government and the opposition. Above all, we should consider the suffering of the people while calling hartal. We also ought to consider that the would-be hartal is so necessary? So we should abstain ourselves from calling hartal as far as possible. ​ A hartal day Hartal mainly refers the act of total shutdown of workplaces, offices, shops, courts of law as a form of civil disobedience particularly in political protest. In modern strife torn state hartal has become a common affair. It is observed at the call of a political party to press their demand to the ruling political party. The opposition political parties observe hartal to protest against the corruption, misuse of power and the evil deeds of the ruling party. Sometimes students and people of a locality call hartal to express their demands. On a hartal day normal course of life is stopped. All means of transport and vehicles do not move on the roads. People are to take a lot of troubles to attend their offices. They go on foot as vehicles are not available. As a result the attendance is very negligible in the offices, factories, industries and shops. The economy of the country suffers a heavy loss. Mills, factories and industries stop their work. All the business centers, markets and shops remain closed. The supporters in favour of hartal bring out procession. Often clashes occur between the police and the picketers. Sometime clashes take place between the supporters of the opposition and the ruling political partical parties which result in some deaths. On a hartal day the suffering of the people know no bounds. Actually, it is a mode of appealing to the sympathies of a government to change an unpopular or unacceptable decision. ​ Basic Human Rights: A global demand for establishing peace ​ In the present civilised world everybody has some rights to exercise. The rights to get food, shelter, education, medical treatment etc. are called fundamental rights. But the concept of basic human rights derives from the belief that a man cannot exist in this world without having certain rights in a particular tribe or in the society. The basic human rights are divided into different categories. They are social rights, civil rights, … .political rights, economic rights, religious rights and cultural rights. Social rights mean the rights to move freely, to arrange and attend any social function like meeting, conference, marriage ceremony, birthday party or any other social function. Civil rights refer to the rights of the citizens. Every citizen has the rights to be free from the interference, attack and disturbance of others. Political rights mean the rights to join trade union, to take part in the administration, to give vote and to have the freedom of speech including freedom of expression of opinions. An inhabitant will also exercise the cultural rights, religious rights and economic rights. A person can attend various cultural functions like Pahela Baishakh, carnival, jatra, snake charming, puppet show etc. as well as can arrange them at different times. In the same way people can enjoy various religious festivals like Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Azha, Christmas day, Swarashati puja etc and all these are their religious rights. Moreover, people of different religions can independently say their respective prayers going to mosque, church, temple or pagoda, and perform other religious activities. Every person can possess properties, establish organisations, support others financially etc —– all these are some examples of economic rights. In the constitution all rights of the people have been obviously mentioned. All citizens are equal in the eye of law and justice. But in many countries of the world including Bangladesh basic human rights are being violated brutally. This violation must be considered crime. And this type of crime is usually committed by the law-enforcing agencies, miscreants and politicians. Definitely they should be punished for violating fundamental human rights. So, some pragmatic measures should be adopted by the govt. as well as by all leading NGO’s. All constitutional writings about basic human rights have to be materialised in no time. Moreover, we have to raise consciousness about the basic human rights among all people through different mass media like radio, television, cinema, newspaper, poster, internet etc. and through political activities, canvass and propaganda so that we can ensure the fundamental human rights for the overall betterment of all. ​ HOLIDAY I love holidays. Who doesn’t love holidays especially when unexpected holidays come suddenly in the middle of the week? I really don’t know what happens to me on a holiday - one moment I am fast asleep dreaming of the homework I have not done. Again the next minute I am wide awake suddenly realising I need not touch my books, as the homework can wait another twenty-four hours. I love being outdoors, so before it gets too hot I put in half-an-hour’s jogging and some cricket practice with a few like-minded friends from the neighbourhood. I then have a huge breakfast revelling in the luxury of dawdling over my glass of my milk. The rest of the day is spent doing days-like finishing an exciting book, ringing up an old friend, cleaning my room, helping my father to clean his car and even trying my hand at painting. I like to watch television too and listen to some good music. Change of activity is very relaxing so I try to avoid being idle. Moreover it’s fun to do different things every little while. Hence I don’t get bored. Even on holidays, I believe in sleeping early to enable me to wake up fresh the next morning. This is how I pass my holidays with different activities. ​ HONESTY MUST BE REWARDED ​ Honesty is one of the noblest virtues of a human individual. Honesty is the best policy. It reveals the truth. A dishonest man may be successful for a time being. But an honest man is sure to succeed in the long run. The student who cheats in an examination may gain good marks. He learns thereby to adopt unfair means of passing his future examinations. Consequently he loses his confidence and self-reliance. He himself ruins his career and reputation. The bad effects of dishonesty can also be observed in the cases of civil service, business and trade, economy, politics, etc. Dishonest persons collapse all the spheres of our national life. A dishonest person suddenly makes himself rich by dishonest means but he is severely punished by his conscience. The dishonest man lives all through his life in dread. His misdeeds may at any moment be revealed in the broad light of day. On the other hand and honest man is a glorious ornament for a society. He brings the glory for men and nation. He can disperse his virtues throughout the nation. Everybody can rely on him undoubtedly. He becomes renowned and reputed everywhere. An honest man can overcome all the difficulties in the society by dint of his noble virtue. In the long run both an honest man and a dishonest man are evaluated. The honesty of an honest person is rewarded and a dishonest person is rebuked by everybody. The honesty of a man sparkles the flame of truth everywhere ​ A HARTAL DAY ​ In modern strife-torn state ‘hartal’ has become a common affair. We are quite familiar with it. On a hartal day normal course of life is stopped. All means of transport and vehicles do not move on the roads. Rickshaws are seen few and far between. Picketers are very active on a hartal day. They burn old tyres on the road to stop the movement of the vehicles. People are to take a lot of troubles to attend their offices. The attendance is very negligible in the offices, factories, industries and shops. The roads look desolate. The banks cannot operate any transactions. The supporters in favour of hartal bring out procession. The police patrol the towns. They are employed on important points through the cities and towns to prevent any sort of violence and avert unwanted events. Nevertheless, sometimes, untoward incidents take place. They charge batons and lob tear gases to disperse the agitated mob. Sometimes there is chase and counter chase. At times the sounds of crackers and bomb explosion are heard. The angry mob set fire on vehicles and shops. On a hartal day the sufferings of the people know no bound. ​ A Hartal Day ​ A hartal is nothing but a medium of protest. Generally opposition parties combined together call out hartal to protest against the unlawful activities of the ruling government. On a hartal day all types of educational institutions, the shops, the markets, the mills, the factories and the industries remain closed. But the government offices remain open. So the government employees are to go to their offices on foot. All types of vehicles are stopped by the picketers but some rickshaws are seen in the roads and streets. The picketers often damage some rickshaws by setting fire to them. The roads and the streets look vacant. The ambulance and the vehicles of the newspaper agencies have no restriction. The supporters of the hartal often attack the police to create disturbance. The police charge with stick and tear gas to disperse the hartal supporters. The picketers use crackers and bombs to frighten the passers-by. The police patrol often arrests the violent supporters. Processions are seen on the streets. Nowadays some processions are seen legally organized to recover the respective demands from the government as well as other institutions. However, the common people do not support the frequent hartals. ​ A HAWKER A hawker is a common figure in Bangladesh. His long-drawn trade call draws the attention of the women-folk of the house. They respond to the call the send for him. There are two classes of hawkers. Some want to sell articles and some want to buy old and used articles. The hawker who sells articles is more in number. He moves from door to door. He is seen on almost all the streets. The hawker who wants to buy old and worn out articles from the houses has a peculiar way of declaring the list of the articles he wants. He comes to the house at noon when the male-folks are away from the houses. So he can easily cheat the women-folks in price and in weight. He buys food grains, worn-out clothes and shoes, old books and newspapers. The street hawker is perhaps one of the cleverest men. They know the art of winning the heart of his customers. His manners enchant them. He does not always make a very high profit. His only point is to sell something. In spite of his wit and art, the hawker is very poor. He is too poor to maintain his family ​ HOW I HAVE CELEBRATED THE BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment ​ HOW TO ARRANGE A PICNIC A picnic is a pleasant diversion. It breaks the monotony of life. But holding a picnic is easier than arranging it. If a group of people want to go on a picnic, they are to do some particular things. First, they are to form a committee, choose a picnic spot and fix a date. These things give ample scope for discussion and argument and make things lively. Secondly the committee will be divided into some groups to do different kinds of things such as fund raising, purchasing food items, hiring transport, cooking, arranging games, cultural programme etc. Thirdly, the committee will collect the subscription from all the members within the fixed date. Meanwhile the group work starts. Some go for arranging conveyance, some purchase eatables and some collect other items. Thus everyone performs his or her assigned duties. This shows up the efficiency and resourcefulness of individual member of the party. Finally comes the picnic itself. All the members will start for their picnic spot on the fixed day from a place fixed before. And full-blooded young people then enjoy the picnic. ​ HOW I HAVE ENJOYED MY LAST RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL ​ This time I along with our family have visited our village home and spent the Eid festival there. We had reached the village two days before. My two cousins with their families also visited the village. On the eve of the Eid we passed the night in excitement, and made various preparations. Some of us used fireworks and decorated and illuminated our houses. As soon as the day dawned all rose from our beds. We had our bath. Then we dressed ourselves in the best clothes. This being over, we all proceeded towards the ‘maidan’ to offer prayers in congregation. At the end, we embraced one another. Then we came back to our houses and we wished our grandmother, mothers and sisters. Meanwhile mother and aunts prepared ‘shemai’ and other kinds of sweets. Then all of us took sweets with great joy and merriment. Sweets were also distributed among the poor, friends and relatives. Poor people gathered at the lawn of the houses and my grandfather gave them money and clothes. In the evening we visited the houses of our relatives and passed our time in merry-making. Everywhere we were received with utmost cordiality and hospitality. Then we came back our home. Sumptuous dinner was arranged in our home. At night we all got together and had a gossip for a long time. There we sang songs, cut jokes etc. Thus the day passed through great excitement and bustle. ​ HOW TO ARRANGE BOOKS IN A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. There are rules of borrowing and using the library books. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. The books of libraries are arranged in an orderly way and it helps the readers to get their desired book easily. ​ ​ ​ THE HOUSE I LIVE IN / A PLACE WHERE I LIVE ​ A house is a dwelling place for anyone. There is nothing like a house. The house I live in with other members is a one-storeyed building. It is situated in an open place with good space on all sides. It has wide windows and doors to let in sufficient light and air. It has as many as seven rooms. Of them, three are bedrooms-----one for guests and the other two for the members of the family. The remaining four rooms are a reading room, a store-room, a drawing room and a dining room. The reading room is furnished with shelves containing books on different subjects. The drawing room is furnished with comfortable modern furniture. Some nice pictures, photographs and handiworks are hung on the walls. The bedrooms are simple and are arranged in different ways. A bathroom, a sanitary latrine and a kitchen are at some distance from the bedrooms. A flower garden with various seasonal flowers is the chief attraction of our house. We keep our house neat and clean. We are quite happy to live in our house. ​ ​ HOW TO BOARD A PLANE A journey by air is a pleasant experience for anyone. If anyone wants to make a journey, he is to go through some formalities for boarding a plane. One is to arrive at the airport about an hour before the flight. Then he is to be checked in and wait in the lounge. Then he is given a boarding card on which the number of his seat is written. When the flight is announced, the passengers are asked to board the plane. Next he is to get on board and find his seat. When all the passengers are in, the door is closed. As the plane is ready to take off, the passengers are asked to fasten our seat belts. The passenger is also given instructions about what to do in case of an emergency. Then the plane takes off smoothly. Shortly after taking off, the captain’s voice was heard. He welcomed us and wished us a happy journey. A few minutes later we were given newspapers. We were also served soft drink. I looked through the window and saw clouds flying past the plane. Following the example of others, I unfastened my seat belt. I felt a thrill of joy when I noticed below the rivers appeared to be thin lines drawn on a sheet of paper. Suddenly it was announced that we were very close to Dhaka Air Port and we would be landing in a few minutes. We were again asked to fasten our seat belts. The plane began to lose height and soon landed softly. Thus my first flight came to an end and I was again on mother earth. ​ ​ HOW TO CELEBRATE A BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. First he is to invite his relatives and friends. Secondly he is to decorate his house nicely. He will also put on his new dress. Thirdly he will arrange a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, he will light the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it feel interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing the host many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of a birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment. ​ ​ HOW TO DO GARDENING ​ We can use our leisure period by some productive work like gardening. To make a flower or vegetable garden at first we have to select a fertile piece of land where water does not stand. Then we have to plough the land well to make it suitable for sowing seeds or planting little seedlings in it. In the mean time we also have to remove all the unnecessary grasses from the land. Then we can sow seeds or plant seedlings of flower as we want. Then to protect the garden from, cattle, goats hens and naughty boys, we have to make a strong fence around the garden. And, to get good harvest from the garden we have to give times of one or two hours daily to take proper care of the garden. During gardening we have to make the soil loose and water the plants regularly. In this way we can make a good garden. This gardening not only refreshes our body but also keeps our mind sound. At last we can say that by gardening we can use our leisure or idle time in a useful way. ​ ​ HOW TO DO WELL IN THE EXAMINATION ​ An ambitious student aims at doing well in the examination. S/he always follows a strategy to achieve brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Students should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop their creativity. They should prepare their own notes which will help them avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. They should revise their lessons frequently. It is important for an examinee to check and double-check the dates and times of ensuing exams and be aware of carrying the necessary things along with to the examination hall. In the examination hall, students should go through the whole question paper before starting to write and take the mental preparation of attempting to answer all the questions. While having a glance at the question paper, it is better to underline the key words in the questions. Moreover, during answering ‘half way’ check is important to be in proper track. Care should be given to the hand writing so that it is legible to the examiner. By following aforesaid things, a student can comfortably reach his / her definite goal of success. HOW TO DO WELL IN THE EXAMINATION Every student tries to do well in the examination. There are certain things one must do and there are certain things one should avoid to make brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Regular work right from the very beginning makes one thorough. S/he should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop creativity. S/he should not learn answers by rote taking from a common source. S/he should prepare her/his own notes which will help her/his to avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. S/he should revise her/his lessons frequently. Again, a student has to have a fairly good command of the language to answer unexpected questions offhand. Besides, S/he should keep a diary and write a few pages on any topic to improve her/his writing skill. By understanding the lessons and regular reading and writing, a student can comfortably reach her/his definite goal of success ​ ​ HOW TO GREET A FRIEND A friend is a great blessing upon us. A friend usually expects from us good reception and good behaviour. Friendship which is a celestial relationship teaches us how to greet a friend. Accordingly, the greetings towards a friend usually come from the heart. When a friend comes to visit us, we should greet him cordially. We should give him a warm reception. At the commencement we can greet him with a bouquet of flowers. Our welcoming note should be sweet and loving. We should let him come and have his seat in our residence. We are to allow him feel relaxed and homely. When he gets his seat, he should be offered light refreshment. We should not have any sort of meanness to entertain him. We are to show such behaviour as he can consider himself one of the members of our family. We should introduce him to our parents and other members of the family. As the friend is guest to our residence, we should also give him enough time. We have to always look after him. Care has to be given so that he can’t feel shy or embarrassed in any situation. We have to be careful about his well-being till he is my guest. We should exchange our opinions freely. Above all, we have to give more and more care so that he may not get hurt in any situation. Thus we can greet a friend warm-heartedly. ​ HOW TO HAVE A GOOD COMMAND IN ENGLISH ​ English is regarded as the international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to have a good command in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with out friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like debate in English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not feel shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can have a good command in English. ​ HOW TO IMPROVE THE STANDARD OF ENGLISH ​ English is regarded as the international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to enrich one’s capacity in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with out friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not fell shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can improve the standard of English. ​ HOW TO KEEP FIT A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to keep fit. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everybody. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us to keep fit. ​ HOW TO KEEP IN GOOD HEALTH ​ A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to keep in good health. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everybody. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us to keep in good. ​ HOW TO KEEP MY ROOM TIDY ​ My room is like a temple to me. This is the place where I spend most of my time. Sometimes, my room is at sixes and sevens. The condition of the room makes me uncomfortable when I find my room in complete disarray. So, I always try to keep my room tidy. My room serves two purposes-----a reading room and a bed room. In order to make my room tidy, I have to manage some free time and become active. I collect a broom to sweep the room from one end to the other. I dump the dust and waste into a waste-paper basket. Sometimes, I mop the floor of the room to make it clean. The furniture are regularly cleaned. There are one reading table, one book-shelf, one chair and a bed. I put my books on the shelf. I keep my text books isolated from other books and magazines. On the small cane rack I keep all my magazines. On the table, there is a flower vase in which I regularly put some fresh flowers and it gives me a divine happiness. After my studies, I always set my table so that the books can be arranged well. I always keep my bed clean. It gives me a fresh feeling when I go to bed. In this way my room, which is my heaven, is kept neat and tidy. ​ How to Learn English ​ Learning and improving English is very essential and important in our life because today English is an international language. Now it dominates over all the languages of the globe. In the world, there is hardly any country where English is not taught, spoken and used. At present English is widely spoken and used almost every corner of the globe. In order to improve and learn English one has to develop four language skills like listening, speaking, reading and writing. Listening and speaking skills are important and useful means of acquiring a language.To develop listening skill one must listen to the radio and TV programs and news in English regularly. One has to listen or enjoy meetings. seminars, debating discussions and programmes in English. Besides, in order to improve listening skill, one should listen or enjoy the conversation of the English speaking people and listen to English news on TV and Radio regularly. In order to develop speaking skill, a student should speak with his teachers and classmates in English, participate in English debating competitions and speak loudly in English while he or she is alone To develop reading skill, a learner should read English news papers and magazines and English story books regularly. In order to develop writing skill, the learner should practise freehand writing on any topics. For this purse, he or she has to learn more new words daily and the rules of grammar. If a learn, practises in this way regularly he or she can learn and improve his knowledge over English. ​ HOW TO LEARN ENGLISH English is regarded as an international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to have a good command in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with our friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like debate in English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not feel shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can have a good command in English ​ HOW TO LOOK FOR A BOOK IN A LIBRARY ​ Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. One may find difficulty in finding books in a library unless he knows the rules of borrowing and using the library books. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. This is the way through which one may look for a book in a library and find it easily. ​ ​ HOW TO MAKE A BURGER ​ A burger is a kind of junk food. It is the combination of different food items with bun. It is not very difficult to make a burger. Food making a burger one has to arrange various nutritive food items such as lettuce, burger meat, tomatoes, sauce, cucumber, cheese, onions etc. At first the bun is cut into two halves------the upper half and the lower half. Secondly, a leaf of lettuce is spread on the lower half of the bun. Meanwhile, spices are mixed with grinded meat and the meat is to be fried. When the burger meat is ready, it is to be put on the lettuce. Then the slices of tomato, cucumber, onions and cheese are put on the meat one after one. For the better taste, a coating of butter and sauce can be smeared inside the bun. Next the upper half of the bun is to be put on the top. Finally a tooth pick is to be pierced from the top to bottom of the bun so that the ingredients can be stuck. In this way a burger is made. And the burger is ready to be served. ​ HOW TO MAKE A CUP OF TEA ​ A cup of tea gives us vigour in the moment of dull and dreary. Making a cup of tea is a very simple and easy thing. First, one has to take some drinking water in a kettle and boil it for a few minutes. The water has to be sufficiently boiled, or else the tea will not be as good as it can be. When the water is sufficiently boiled, it is to be poured into a tea-pot and a measure of tea-leaves is to pour into it. The measure depends on the quantity of water. The usual ratio is one tea-spoonful of tea-leaves to a cup of water and a tea-spoonful extra. Under no circumstances should the water be boiled after tea-leaves have been poured into it. The tea-leaves must be allowed to soak in the hot water for a few minutes or the liquor will be too weak. When the leaves have been allowed to soak in the water long enough, the tea liquor is prepared. Finally, it is poured through a strainer into a cup and milk and sugar are added to it. One may add ginger or lemon juice instead of milk according to one’s taste. And then a stimulating cup of tea is prepared to serve. ​ HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER GARDEN A flower garden is a place of heavenly beauty and serenity. In order to make a flower garden we should have a good planning. First of all, we have to select a suitable piece of land. Secondly, the fields should be ploughed properly to lose the soil. When it is done, we break the soil into small pieces. Then we use a leveller to level the ground. The field is to be weeded out. Next, the flower seeds or plants are sown in rows in the seed-bed. After a period of time, the tender plants are to be transplanted in the main ground. Sometimes we need to make shades on the tender flower plants so that the excessive heat cannot make any harm of the growing plants. Then after, we do the most vital thing that is to make a fence to protect the garden from the attack of cows, goats and other animals. Sometimes, it is necessary to dig a small drain for the easy flow of the water. In order to protect the plants from the attacks of various diseases, we should take care of them everyday. The gardening is completed here but the process goes for some more days as need to be vigilant for taking care of the plants. In a few days the garden is in full bloom of beautiful flowers. ​ ​ HOW TO OPEN A BANK ACCOUNT ​ A bank account is a safeguard for any person for his evil days. Opening a bank account is quite easy. People who are thrifty and want to keep their money safe and secured, open an account with the bank. One has to maintain a certain procedure to open a bank account. There is a provision of an application form. First, the client or the account-opener has to fill in the form. Secondly, he or she has to be introduced by someone who has an account with that particular bank. The introducer must put his signature and write his address and account number in the relevant part of the application. Next, there is a signature card on which the client has to put his or her specimen signature and attach two passport size photographs. The photographs must be attested by the introducer. Then the account opener is given a deposit book and a withdrawal book. At last the client requires a reasonable amount of money to deposit for opening the account. Thus a person can easily open a bank account with the help of a bank manager or any other bank authority. ​ ​ How to plan for your future career planning and specialization is the motto of the present age. An aim is essential for every individual. A person with a fixed aim runs towards success. There is a proverb that a person without an aim is like a ship without a rudder. So it is necessary for every individual to have a proper plan for the future. Without a proper plan one cannot achieve any prosper in life. A planned life is full of success. On the other hand, a person who leads an unplanned life and who is negligent of the future can not touch the stair of success. Here we can mention the name of the farmers, Mr. Ant and Mr. Grasshopper. Mr. Ant was a laborious man. He planned for his future. According to his plan, he was very busy in his fields in the hot summer. As a result, he didn’t face any kind of food shortage in the winter. On the other hand, Mr. Grasshopper was in an adverse position. He was a very lazy man. He was thoughtless about his future and didn’t work hard in the summer. Due to his unplanned life, he had to face food shortage, while his friend Mr. Ant was enjoying his life. From the above discussion we can say that an unplanned life is full of sufferings. And without a proper plan a man’s life will become valueless. And to make a proper plan we need to concentrate on our surroundings. We need to know our lacking as well as our positive sides. Firstly, we need to know what we want to be in future. Secondly, we need to fix up our choice and work properly to attain success in our way of ascending. Thirdly, we need to be persistent on our plan like Mr. Grasshopper. And, following these steps we can earn success. ​ ​ HOW TO PLAY CRICKET ​ Cricket is one of the popular games of the world. Cricket is very popular in Bangladesh also. It is played between two teams -- each consisting of eleven players. A large stretch of perfectly flat and smooth ground is necessary for this game. A cricket field must have a turf which has to be kept soft by means of watering. The wickets are pitched opposite and paralleled at a distance of 22 yards. Other requisites of the cricket game are two wooden bats, a ball and two sets of stumps. The umpire’s signal marks the beginning of the game and the bowler starts bowling. After every six balls the bowler’s over ends. The batsman saves the wickets against the ball bowled by a player of the opposite side. The fielders either catch or stop the ball. The wicket keeper stands just behind the wicket. The batsman hits the ball. He scores four runs for a boundary, six runs for an over boundary and a run for each change of place with his partner. The batsman cannot give a catch and leave the stamps unprotected. If he does so, he may be caught or stamped out or run out. The batsman may be out in many ways, such as ‘bowled out’, ‘run out’, ‘stumped out’, ‘caught out’, ‘leg before wicket out’ and ‘hit-wicket out’. Moreover fairness, which is the very essence of this game, is to be maintained. Following all these rules make the game a successful and exciting one. ​ HOW TO PLAY FOOTBALL Football is one of the popular games in our country. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. ​ HOW TO USE INTERNET Internet is the key media of the telecommunication system that spread out all over the world. Total combination of numerous tiny networks is called the Internet. Receiving and sending various types of information is the main function of the Internet. Before using the internet one must know how to use a computer. In using the internet one has to use particular software. Data move through Internet in packet form. The destination and address is involved with these packets, and accordingly, these packets reach the destination. By this time, these packets pass through mid level or regional network. If we click on the icon of browsing such as the Microsoft Explorer or Netscape Navigator we will automatically get logged on the Internet. Now we will find a space for writing the address of the web page we want to see. If we write the address we will get to see that page. We can also go to a search engine for finding a particular page or a piece of information. A search engine is a system through which we can search for information on web pages containing information. Yahoo and Microsoft Network are such engines. Through this way we will be able to look for our desired information on the Internet. The learning of the Internet system will positively bring good result in the fields of our education and business. We hope that all will enjoy this wonderful fruit of modern science in future. ​ HOW TO USE A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. There are rules of using a library. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. With the help of a call number one can easily find out a book in a library. Thus the books of a library are arranged in an orderly way and it helps the readers to use it conveniently. ​ HOW TO PREPARE FOR A TOUR ​ Tour is a part of education. It gives us first hand knowledge of the places through which we pass. It also brings us into contact with different people of different ways of life. The lessons we collect from a tour are more interesting and more effective than what we get from books. A tour helps us to dispel our monotony and renew our zeal for study. This is why tours are encouraged everywhere. Before making a tour one has to prepare for it. One is to remember not to make haste while preparing for the tour. First of all one needs to ensure about the tourist spot, transportation system, total cost etc. Then for personal packing one is to have a suitcase to carry everything. Dresses for the purpose are important. One should carry one’s personal usable things such as, brush, toothpaste. Camera is an essential thing which helps one to take all the important sights. A diary is also very essential during one’s visit. It may help one to note down everything one experiences. First aid arrangements are also to be carried for covering the security. Last but not the least one should carry a substantial amount of money for personal expenses. This is how one can prepare for a tour. ​ HOW TO TAKE CARE OF HEALTH / PRESERVATION OF HEALTH ​ A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to take care of health / preserve health. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everyday. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us take care of health / preserve health. ​ HOW TO STAGE A DRAMA ON YOUR ANNUAL CULTURAL PROGRAMME ​ Cultural programmes are the ground of building up the students in a balanced way. In a school every year the students arrange annual cultural programme. Staging a play is one of the activities of the cultural programme. In our school we arrange cultural programme every year. Accordingly this year we have arranged our annual cultural programme in our school premises. We, the students of class eight were selected to stage a drama in this programme. First of all we discussed with our cultural teacher, Mr. Amin regarding the playing on a drama. We selected the drama ‘Kabar’ by Munir Chowdhury. The teacher approved it and helped us a lot by giving us advice. Some of us were selected to take part in the drama. We rehearsed the drama for some days before staging it. Just before the scheduled day a stage was erected in the school auditorium. In the meantime, all the students of the school and the honourable guardians and teachers were invited. On the particular day the spectators took their place before the performance. At the fixed time the drama started. The participants performed well in the drama. At the end of the play we were greeted with applause. The Chief Guest and the Headmaster praised us with high admiration. The next day our fellow mates appreciated us and thanked us a lot for presenting them a drama on our annual cultural programme. ​ HOW WE CAN HELP OUR FAMILY Family is an institution in which a person is born, grown up and he passes his life. Our family is the provider of all sorts of comforts and facilities towards us. All our sorrows and anxieties are erased by the soft touch of the family members. This family consists of our father, mother, brother and sisters. Here we all share our joys and sorrows. Similarly we can share our responsibilities. We can co-operate our family by extending our helping hands. Our parents are busy all day long for our comforts and well-being. In case of our household chores, we can help our mothers. We can help mother prepare our food, wash clothes, dust the furniture. We can make our bed by myself. Before or after having meal, we can set the tables, wash the dishes and other utensils. Sometimes we can wipe the floors of the house for maintaining the cleanliness. When our father comes back from work, we can offer him food. While our mothers are busy with their work, we can look after our younger brothers and sisters. We can also go shopping, run errands for the family. Moreover, we have to carry on with our studies regularly and maintain our health properly so that our parents need not worry about us. By following all these things we can help our family to a great extent. ​ HOW TO WRITE ANSWERS IN THE ANSWER SCRIPTS ​ Writing answers in the answer scripts may be an awful experience. However, a little organisation and discipline will help remove this fear. First, when the answerscripts are distributed, we must write down every detail (name, roll number, registration number, subject, subject code, name of the board) on the first page. Second, when the question paper is handed out we must give it a thorough reading. Then we should select and tick those questions for answering which we have learnt well. Next we should answer the questions one by one according to our choice. Then gradually we take up the questions which are less easy. Thus, in answering scripts we should follow an easy-do-difficult method. We should also be very careful of time and our handwriting. Moreover, we should answer all the questions in full, that is, we should leave no question unanswered. We should write offhand using our instant creations in case of answering uncommon questions. In writing answer scripts, we have to bear in mind that the answers should be in short and precise language. Besides, the answers must always be to the point. After writing all the answers, we should revise them whether we have to forgotten to write any major point or done any sort of mistake. Maintaining all these things, a student is sure to achieve a good result in the examination. ​ ​ ​ HOW TO PREVENT ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution. Air pollution and water pollution are the main factors which contribute to the pollution of our environment. All things that produce heavy smoke pollute air. Railway engines, mills and factories and power houses use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel. This air pollution causes pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Again water is polluted in many ways. Farmers use chemical fertilisers and insecticide in their lands to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with canal water and river water. Mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste materials into the rivers and canals. Steamers, launches and even sail boats pollute water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the big canals and rivers. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. This water pollution causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. To prevent this pollution we must take some steps. The government must be active as well as the common people should come forward to resolve this problem. Mills and factories must be set in particular places. Industrial wastes cannot be thrown here and there. Dumping of oil in the water must be stopped. Unsanitary latrines cannot be set beside river or canal. Overuse of chemical fertilizer must be stopped. Last but not the least, we must plant more and more trees to prevent environment pollution. ​ HOW TO PREVENT DIARRHOEA Diarrhoea is a common disease in our country. It is an epidemic. When people are attacked by diarrhoea, they suffer from the deficiency of water, which is called dehydration. Diarrhoea spreads through contaminated food and water. So drinking unsafe water or eating contaminated food causes diarrhoea. People attacked by diarrhoea feel thirsty and suffer from malnutrition. If this situation continues, the patient gradually grows weaker. Sometimes the condition becomes so fatal; it even causes the patient death. To recover from illness, primarily rehydration mixture is prescribed to the patients. Along with the oral saline, patients are advised to take all types of food items regularly. To prevent diarrhoea people should drink safe water, eat fresh food and keep the environment safe and healthy. They should wash hands with soap or ash before eating and after using the toilet. Using sanitary latrine is indispensable for keeping the environment healthy. Above all, Maintenance of cleanliness is a must for a patient of diarrhoea. ​ HOW TO MAKE A SCHOOL GARDEN A school garden is a beautiful sight. It adds to the beauty of a school. A school garden may be in front of a school or behind it. Generally a teacher of a school is in charge of the garden. He helps and guides the students. The students with the help of teachers and advisers first choose a suitable piece of land for a school garden. To prepare the land, they use different tools namely spade, hoe, rose leveller etc. They dig deep into the soil and prepare it for sowing different seeds. After sowing the seeds when the seedlings grow up they make the soil loose and pull out weeds and put fertiliser on it. And finally they water the garden and put up a fence around it to keep cattle out of it and grow different kinds of flowers and vegetables. Then the students make their own school garden. As for instance, here we can refer to the class 8 students of Nurpur High School and how they made their own school garden. One day some students of Class 8 looked out of their classroom window. They found a piece of fallow school land. They thought that they could make a garden on that fallow land. Accordingly they told Mr. Anis, the general science teacher about their idea. They told him that they would grow flowers and vegetables on a piece of school land. Mr. Anis liked the idea. The Headmaster also agreed with Mr. Anis with the result that they got a piece of land for making a garden. And they started their works on the land. Using different tools they prepared the land properly for gardening and they finally grew more beautiful flowers and lovely vegetables in the garden. The garden increased the beauty of their school and they felt proud of it. In fine, we may say that a school garden is a source of joy to the students. It develops their creative powers. It does not hamper their studies because they work during leisure and after school. H A Hartal Day: A suspension of regular activities In modern civilisation most of the states of the world face hartal in season and out of season. So we are quite familiar with it. Hartal is the rightful demand of the political parties. It is observed at the call of a political party or parties to press their demand to the ruling party. Sometimes the opposition political party or parties call hartal against the corruption, misgovernment, misuse of power and the evil deeds of the ruling party. At times stud ents and people of a locality call hartal to expose their demand. On a hartal day the usual course of life is hampered. The communication system of the country is broken down as all vehicles and the other transports cannot move. Rickshaws are seen few and far between. Picketers burn cars and others on the road to stop the movement of the vehicles. People are to face a lot of troubles on a hartal day. They go on foot. The road looks desolate. The economical activities of the country come to a stand still. Most of the mills and factories, markets and shops remain closed. The foreign investors lose their interest to the country. Often clashes occur between the police and picketers or between the hartal activists and the anti-hartal activists. Sometimes these clashes bring loss of lives. The police are engaged in important spots to control the situation and to avert unwanted events. Yet harassment of man and women often becomes a common scene. On a hartal day students suffer a lot. We hope the peaceful solution of any problem arisen between the government and the opposition. Above all, we should consider the suffering of the people while calling hartal. We also ought to consider that the would-be hartal is so necessary? So we should abstain ourselves from calling hartal as far as possible. ​ A hartal day Hartal mainly refers the act of total shutdown of workplaces, offices, shops, courts of law as a form of civil disobedience particularly in political protest. In modern strife torn state hartal has become a common affair. It is observed at the call of a political party to press their demand to the ruling political party. The opposition political parties observe hartal to protest against the corruption, misuse of power and the evil deeds of the ruling party. Sometimes students and people of a locality call hartal to express their demands. On a hartal day normal course of life is stopped. All means of transport and vehicles do not move on the roads. People are to take a lot of troubles to attend their offices. They go on foot as vehicles are not available. As a result the attendance is very negligible in the offices, factories, industries and shops. The economy of the country suffers a heavy loss. Mills, factories and industries stop their work. All the business centers, markets and shops remain closed. The supporters in favour of hartal bring out procession. Often clashes occur between the police and the picketers. Sometime clashes take place between the supporters of the opposition and the ruling political partical parties which result in some deaths. On a hartal day the suffering of the people know no bounds. Actually, it is a mode of appealing to the sympathies of a government to change an unpopular or unacceptable decision. ​ Basic Human Rights: A global demand for establishing peace ​ In the present civilised world everybody has some rights to exercise. The rights to get food, shelter, education, medical treatment etc. are called fundamental rights. But the concept of basic human rights derives from the belief that a man cannot exist in this world without having certain rights in a particular tribe or in the society. The basic human rights are divided into different categories. They are social rights, civil rights, … .political rights, economic rights, religious rights and cultural rights. Social rights mean the rights to move freely, to arrange and attend any social function like meeting, conference, marriage ceremony, birthday party or any other social function. Civil rights refer to the rights of the citizens. Every citizen has the rights to be free from the interference, attack and disturbance of others. Political rights mean the rights to join trade union, to take part in the administration, to give vote and to have the freedom of speech including freedom of expression of opinions. An inhabitant will also exercise the cultural rights, religious rights and economic rights. A person can attend various cultural functions like Pahela Baishakh, carnival, jatra, snake charming, puppet show etc. as well as can arrange them at different times. In the same way people can enjoy various religious festivals like Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Azha, Christmas day, Swarashati puja etc and all these are their religious rights. Moreover, people of different religions can independently say their respective prayers going to mosque, church, temple or pagoda, and perform other religious activities. Every person can possess properties, establish organisations, support others financially etc —– all these are some examples of economic rights. In the constitution all rights of the people have been obviously mentioned. All citizens are equal in the eye of law and justice. But in many countries of the world including Bangladesh basic human rights are being violated brutally. This violation must be considered crime. And this type of crime is usually committed by the law-enforcing agencies, miscreants and politicians. Definitely they should be punished for violating fundamental human rights. So, some pragmatic measures should be adopted by the govt. as well as by all leading NGO’s. All constitutional writings about basic human rights have to be materialised in no time. Moreover, we have to raise consciousness about the basic human rights among all people through different mass media like radio, television, cinema, newspaper, poster, internet etc. and through political activities, canvass and propaganda so that we can ensure the fundamental human rights for the overall betterment of all. ​ HOLIDAY I love holidays. Who doesn’t love holidays especially when unexpected holidays come suddenly in the middle of the week? I really don’t know what happens to me on a holiday - one moment I am fast asleep dreaming of the homework I have not done. Again the next minute I am wide awake suddenly realising I need not touch my books, as the homework can wait another twenty-four hours. I love being outdoors, so before it gets too hot I put in half-an-hour’s jogging and some cricket practice with a few like-minded friends from the neighbourhood. I then have a huge breakfast revelling in the luxury of dawdling over my glass of my milk. The rest of the day is spent doing days-like finishing an exciting book, ringing up an old friend, cleaning my room, helping my father to clean his car and even trying my hand at painting. I like to watch television too and listen to some good music. Change of activity is very relaxing so I try to avoid being idle. Moreover it’s fun to do different things every little while. Hence I don’t get bored. Even on holidays, I believe in sleeping early to enable me to wake up fresh the next morning. This is how I pass my holidays with different activities. ​ HONESTY MUST BE REWARDED ​ Honesty is one of the noblest virtues of a human individual. Honesty is the best policy. It reveals the truth. A dishonest man may be successful for a time being. But an honest man is sure to succeed in the long run. The student who cheats in an examination may gain good marks. He learns thereby to adopt unfair means of passing his future examinations. Consequently he loses his confidence and self-reliance. He himself ruins his career and reputation. The bad effects of dishonesty can also be observed in the cases of civil service, business and trade, economy, politics, etc. Dishonest persons collapse all the spheres of our national life. A dishonest person suddenly makes himself rich by dishonest means but he is severely punished by his conscience. The dishonest man lives all through his life in dread. His misdeeds may at any moment be revealed in the broad light of day. On the other hand and honest man is a glorious ornament for a society. He brings the glory for men and nation. He can disperse his virtues throughout the nation. Everybody can rely on him undoubtedly. He becomes renowned and reputed everywhere. An honest man can overcome all the difficulties in the society by dint of his noble virtue. In the long run both an honest man and a dishonest man are evaluated. The honesty of an honest person is rewarded and a dishonest person is rebuked by everybody. The honesty of a man sparkles the flame of truth everywhere ​ A HARTAL DAY ​ In modern strife-torn state ‘hartal’ has become a common affair. We are quite familiar with it. On a hartal day normal course of life is stopped. All means of transport and vehicles do not move on the roads. Rickshaws are seen few and far between. Picketers are very active on a hartal day. They burn old tyres on the road to stop the movement of the vehicles. People are to take a lot of troubles to attend their offices. The attendance is very negligible in the offices, factories, industries and shops. The roads look desolate. The banks cannot operate any transactions. The supporters in favour of hartal bring out procession. The police patrol the towns. They are employed on important points through the cities and towns to prevent any sort of violence and avert unwanted events. Nevertheless, sometimes, untoward incidents take place. They charge batons and lob tear gases to disperse the agitated mob. Sometimes there is chase and counter chase. At times the sounds of crackers and bomb explosion are heard. The angry mob set fire on vehicles and shops. On a hartal day the sufferings of the people know no bound. ​ A Hartal Day ​ A hartal is nothing but a medium of protest. Generally opposition parties combined together call out hartal to protest against the unlawful activities of the ruling government. On a hartal day all types of educational institutions, the shops, the markets, the mills, the factories and the industries remain closed. But the government offices remain open. So the government employees are to go to their offices on foot. All types of vehicles are stopped by the picketers but some rickshaws are seen in the roads and streets. The picketers often damage some rickshaws by setting fire to them. The roads and the streets look vacant. The ambulance and the vehicles of the newspaper agencies have no restriction. The supporters of the hartal often attack the police to create disturbance. The police charge with stick and tear gas to disperse the hartal supporters. The picketers use crackers and bombs to frighten the passers-by. The police patrol often arrests the violent supporters. Processions are seen on the streets. Nowadays some processions are seen legally organized to recover the respective demands from the government as well as other institutions. However, the common people do not support the frequent hartals. ​ A HAWKER A hawker is a common figure in Bangladesh. His long-drawn trade call draws the attention of the women-folk of the house. They respond to the call the send for him. There are two classes of hawkers. Some want to sell articles and some want to buy old and used articles. The hawker who sells articles is more in number. He moves from door to door. He is seen on almost all the streets. The hawker who wants to buy old and worn out articles from the houses has a peculiar way of declaring the list of the articles he wants. He comes to the house at noon when the male-folks are away from the houses. So he can easily cheat the women-folks in price and in weight. He buys food grains, worn-out clothes and shoes, old books and newspapers. The street hawker is perhaps one of the cleverest men. They know the art of winning the heart of his customers. His manners enchant them. He does not always make a very high profit. His only point is to sell something. In spite of his wit and art, the hawker is very poor. He is too poor to maintain his family ​ HOW I HAVE CELEBRATED THE BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment ​ HOW TO ARRANGE A PICNIC A picnic is a pleasant diversion. It breaks the monotony of life. But holding a picnic is easier than arranging it. If a group of people want to go on a picnic, they are to do some particular things. First, they are to form a committee, choose a picnic spot and fix a date. These things give ample scope for discussion and argument and make things lively. Secondly the committee will be divided into some groups to do different kinds of things such as fund raising, purchasing food items, hiring transport, cooking, arranging games, cultural programme etc. Thirdly, the committee will collect the subscription from all the members within the fixed date. Meanwhile the group work starts. Some go for arranging conveyance, some purchase eatables and some collect other items. Thus everyone performs his or her assigned duties. This shows up the efficiency and resourcefulness of individual member of the party. Finally comes the picnic itself. All the members will start for their picnic spot on the fixed day from a place fixed before. And full-blooded young people then enjoy the picnic. ​ HOW I HAVE ENJOYED MY LAST RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL ​ This time I along with our family have visited our village home and spent the Eid festival there. We had reached the village two days before. My two cousins with their families also visited the village. On the eve of the Eid we passed the night in excitement, and made various preparations. Some of us used fireworks and decorated and illuminated our houses. As soon as the day dawned all rose from our beds. We had our bath. Then we dressed ourselves in the best clothes. This being over, we all proceeded towards the ‘maidan’ to offer prayers in congregation. At the end, we embraced one another. Then we came back to our houses and we wished our grandmother, mothers and sisters. Meanwhile mother and aunts prepared ‘shemai’ and other kinds of sweets. Then all of us took sweets with great joy and merriment. Sweets were also distributed among the poor, friends and relatives. Poor people gathered at the lawn of the houses and my grandfather gave them money and clothes. In the evening we visited the houses of our relatives and passed our time in merry-making. Everywhere we were received with utmost cordiality and hospitality. Then we came back our home. Sumptuous dinner was arranged in our home. At night we all got together and had a gossip for a long time. There we sang songs, cut jokes etc. Thus the day passed through great excitement and bustle. ​ HOW TO ARRANGE BOOKS IN A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. There are rules of borrowing and using the library books. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. The books of libraries are arranged in an orderly way and it helps the readers to get their desired book easily. ​ ​ ​ THE HOUSE I LIVE IN / A PLACE WHERE I LIVE ​ A house is a dwelling place for anyone. There is nothing like a house. The house I live in with other members is a one-storeyed building. It is situated in an open place with good space on all sides. It has wide windows and doors to let in sufficient light and air. It has as many as seven rooms. Of them, three are bedrooms-----one for guests and the other two for the members of the family. The remaining four rooms are a reading room, a store-room, a drawing room and a dining room. The reading room is furnished with shelves containing books on different subjects. The drawing room is furnished with comfortable modern furniture. Some nice pictures, photographs and handiworks are hung on the walls. The bedrooms are simple and are arranged in different ways. A bathroom, a sanitary latrine and a kitchen are at some distance from the bedrooms. A flower garden with various seasonal flowers is the chief attraction of our house. We keep our house neat and clean. We are quite happy to live in our house. ​ ​ HOW TO BOARD A PLANE A journey by air is a pleasant experience for anyone. If anyone wants to make a journey, he is to go through some formalities for boarding a plane. One is to arrive at the airport about an hour before the flight. Then he is to be checked in and wait in the lounge. Then he is given a boarding card on which the number of his seat is written. When the flight is announced, the passengers are asked to board the plane. Next he is to get on board and find his seat. When all the passengers are in, the door is closed. As the plane is ready to take off, the passengers are asked to fasten our seat belts. The passenger is also given instructions about what to do in case of an emergency. Then the plane takes off smoothly. Shortly after taking off, the captain’s voice was heard. He welcomed us and wished us a happy journey. A few minutes later we were given newspapers. We were also served soft drink. I looked through the window and saw clouds flying past the plane. Following the example of others, I unfastened my seat belt. I felt a thrill of joy when I noticed below the rivers appeared to be thin lines drawn on a sheet of paper. Suddenly it was announced that we were very close to Dhaka Air Port and we would be landing in a few minutes. We were again asked to fasten our seat belts. The plane began to lose height and soon landed softly. Thus my first flight came to an end and I was again on mother earth. ​ ​ HOW TO CELEBRATE A BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. First he is to invite his relatives and friends. Secondly he is to decorate his house nicely. He will also put on his new dress. Thirdly he will arrange a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, he will light the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it feel interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing the host many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of a birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment. ​ ​ HOW TO DO GARDENING ​ We can use our leisure period by some productive work like gardening. To make a flower or vegetable garden at first we have to select a fertile piece of land where water does not stand. Then we have to plough the land well to make it suitable for sowing seeds or planting little seedlings in it. In the mean time we also have to remove all the unnecessary grasses from the land. Then we can sow seeds or plant seedlings of flower as we want. Then to protect the garden from, cattle, goats hens and naughty boys, we have to make a strong fence around the garden. And, to get good harvest from the garden we have to give times of one or two hours daily to take proper care of the garden. During gardening we have to make the soil loose and water the plants regularly. In this way we can make a good garden. This gardening not only refreshes our body but also keeps our mind sound. At last we can say that by gardening we can use our leisure or idle time in a useful way. ​ ​ HOW TO DO WELL IN THE EXAMINATION ​ An ambitious student aims at doing well in the examination. S/he always follows a strategy to achieve brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Students should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop their creativity. They should prepare their own notes which will help them avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. They should revise their lessons frequently. It is important for an examinee to check and double-check the dates and times of ensuing exams and be aware of carrying the necessary things along with to the examination hall. In the examination hall, students should go through the whole question paper before starting to write and take the mental preparation of attempting to answer all the questions. While having a glance at the question paper, it is better to underline the key words in the questions. Moreover, during answering ‘half way’ check is important to be in proper track. Care should be given to the hand writing so that it is legible to the examiner. By following aforesaid things, a student can comfortably reach his / her definite goal of success. HOW TO DO WELL IN THE EXAMINATION Every student tries to do well in the examination. There are certain things one must do and there are certain things one should avoid to make brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Regular work right from the very beginning makes one thorough. S/he should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop creativity. S/he should not learn answers by rote taking from a common source. S/he should prepare her/his own notes which will help her/his to avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. S/he should revise her/his lessons frequently. Again, a student has to have a fairly good command of the language to answer unexpected questions offhand. Besides, S/he should keep a diary and write a few pages on any topic to improve her/his writing skill. By understanding the lessons and regular reading and writing, a student can comfortably reach her/his definite goal of success ​ ​ HOW TO GREET A FRIEND A friend is a great blessing upon us. A friend usually expects from us good reception and good behaviour. Friendship which is a celestial relationship teaches us how to greet a friend. Accordingly, the greetings towards a friend usually come from the heart. When a friend comes to visit us, we should greet him cordially. We should give him a warm reception. At the commencement we can greet him with a bouquet of flowers. Our welcoming note should be sweet and loving. We should let him come and have his seat in our residence. We are to allow him feel relaxed and homely. When he gets his seat, he should be offered light refreshment. We should not have any sort of meanness to entertain him. We are to show such behaviour as he can consider himself one of the members of our family. We should introduce him to our parents and other members of the family. As the friend is guest to our residence, we should also give him enough time. We have to always look after him. Care has to be given so that he can’t feel shy or embarrassed in any situation. We have to be careful about his well-being till he is my guest. We should exchange our opinions freely. Above all, we have to give more and more care so that he may not get hurt in any situation. Thus we can greet a friend warm-heartedly. ​ HOW TO HAVE A GOOD COMMAND IN ENGLISH ​ English is regarded as the international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to have a good command in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with out friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like debate in English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not feel shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can have a good command in English. ​ HOW TO IMPROVE THE STANDARD OF ENGLISH ​ English is regarded as the international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to enrich one’s capacity in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with out friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not fell shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can improve the standard of English. ​ HOW TO KEEP FIT A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to keep fit. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everybody. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us to keep fit. ​ HOW TO KEEP IN GOOD HEALTH ​ A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to keep in good health. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everybody. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us to keep in good. ​ HOW TO KEEP MY ROOM TIDY ​ My room is like a temple to me. This is the place where I spend most of my time. Sometimes, my room is at sixes and sevens. The condition of the room makes me uncomfortable when I find my room in complete disarray. So, I always try to keep my room tidy. My room serves two purposes-----a reading room and a bed room. In order to make my room tidy, I have to manage some free time and become active. I collect a broom to sweep the room from one end to the other. I dump the dust and waste into a waste-paper basket. Sometimes, I mop the floor of the room to make it clean. The furniture are regularly cleaned. There are one reading table, one book-shelf, one chair and a bed. I put my books on the shelf. I keep my text books isolated from other books and magazines. On the small cane rack I keep all my magazines. On the table, there is a flower vase in which I regularly put some fresh flowers and it gives me a divine happiness. After my studies, I always set my table so that the books can be arranged well. I always keep my bed clean. It gives me a fresh feeling when I go to bed. In this way my room, which is my heaven, is kept neat and tidy. ​ How to Learn English ​ Learning and improving English is very essential and important in our life because today English is an international language. Now it dominates over all the languages of the globe. In the world, there is hardly any country where English is not taught, spoken and used. At present English is widely spoken and used almost every corner of the globe. In order to improve and learn English one has to develop four language skills like listening, speaking, reading and writing. Listening and speaking skills are important and useful means of acquiring a language.To develop listening skill one must listen to the radio and TV programs and news in English regularly. One has to listen or enjoy meetings. seminars, debating discussions and programmes in English. Besides, in order to improve listening skill, one should listen or enjoy the conversation of the English speaking people and listen to English news on TV and Radio regularly. In order to develop speaking skill, a student should speak with his teachers and classmates in English, participate in English debating competitions and speak loudly in English while he or she is alone To develop reading skill, a learner should read English news papers and magazines and English story books regularly. In order to develop writing skill, the learner should practise freehand writing on any topics. For this purse, he or she has to learn more new words daily and the rules of grammar. If a learn, practises in this way regularly he or she can learn and improve his knowledge over English. ​ HOW TO LEARN ENGLISH English is regarded as an international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to have a good command in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with our friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like debate in English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not feel shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can have a good command in English ​ HOW TO LOOK FOR A BOOK IN A LIBRARY ​ Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. One may find difficulty in finding books in a library unless he knows the rules of borrowing and using the library books. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. This is the way through which one may look for a book in a library and find it easily. ​ ​ HOW TO MAKE A BURGER ​ A burger is a kind of junk food. It is the combination of different food items with bun. It is not very difficult to make a burger. Food making a burger one has to arrange various nutritive food items such as lettuce, burger meat, tomatoes, sauce, cucumber, cheese, onions etc. At first the bun is cut into two halves------the upper half and the lower half. Secondly, a leaf of lettuce is spread on the lower half of the bun. Meanwhile, spices are mixed with grinded meat and the meat is to be fried. When the burger meat is ready, it is to be put on the lettuce. Then the slices of tomato, cucumber, onions and cheese are put on the meat one after one. For the better taste, a coating of butter and sauce can be smeared inside the bun. Next the upper half of the bun is to be put on the top. Finally a tooth pick is to be pierced from the top to bottom of the bun so that the ingredients can be stuck. In this way a burger is made. And the burger is ready to be served. ​ HOW TO MAKE A CUP OF TEA ​ A cup of tea gives us vigour in the moment of dull and dreary. Making a cup of tea is a very simple and easy thing. First, one has to take some drinking water in a kettle and boil it for a few minutes. The water has to be sufficiently boiled, or else the tea will not be as good as it can be. When the water is sufficiently boiled, it is to be poured into a tea-pot and a measure of tea-leaves is to pour into it. The measure depends on the quantity of water. The usual ratio is one tea-spoonful of tea-leaves to a cup of water and a tea-spoonful extra. Under no circumstances should the water be boiled after tea-leaves have been poured into it. The tea-leaves must be allowed to soak in the hot water for a few minutes or the liquor will be too weak. When the leaves have been allowed to soak in the water long enough, the tea liquor is prepared. Finally, it is poured through a strainer into a cup and milk and sugar are added to it. One may add ginger or lemon juice instead of milk according to one’s taste. And then a stimulating cup of tea is prepared to serve. ​ HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER GARDEN A flower garden is a place of heavenly beauty and serenity. In order to make a flower garden we should have a good planning. First of all, we have to select a suitable piece of land. Secondly, the fields should be ploughed properly to lose the soil. When it is done, we break the soil into small pieces. Then we use a leveller to level the ground. The field is to be weeded out. Next, the flower seeds or plants are sown in rows in the seed-bed. After a period of time, the tender plants are to be transplanted in the main ground. Sometimes we need to make shades on the tender flower plants so that the excessive heat cannot make any harm of the growing plants. Then after, we do the most vital thing that is to make a fence to protect the garden from the attack of cows, goats and other animals. Sometimes, it is necessary to dig a small drain for the easy flow of the water. In order to protect the plants from the attacks of various diseases, we should take care of them everyday. The gardening is completed here but the process goes for some more days as need to be vigilant for taking care of the plants. In a few days the garden is in full bloom of beautiful flowers. ​ ​ HOW TO OPEN A BANK ACCOUNT ​ A bank account is a safeguard for any person for his evil days. Opening a bank account is quite easy. People who are thrifty and want to keep their money safe and secured, open an account with the bank. One has to maintain a certain procedure to open a bank account. There is a provision of an application form. First, the client or the account-opener has to fill in the form. Secondly, he or she has to be introduced by someone who has an account with that particular bank. The introducer must put his signature and write his address and account number in the relevant part of the application. Next, there is a signature card on which the client has to put his or her specimen signature and attach two passport size photographs. The photographs must be attested by the introducer. Then the account opener is given a deposit book and a withdrawal book. At last the client requires a reasonable amount of money to deposit for opening the account. Thus a person can easily open a bank account with the help of a bank manager or any other bank authority. ​ ​ How to plan for your future career planning and specialization is the motto of the present age. An aim is essential for every individual. A person with a fixed aim runs towards success. There is a proverb that a person without an aim is like a ship without a rudder. So it is necessary for every individual to have a proper plan for the future. Without a proper plan one cannot achieve any prosper in life. A planned life is full of success. On the other hand, a person who leads an unplanned life and who is negligent of the future can not touch the stair of success. Here we can mention the name of the farmers, Mr. Ant and Mr. Grasshopper. Mr. Ant was a laborious man. He planned for his future. According to his plan, he was very busy in his fields in the hot summer. As a result, he didn’t face any kind of food shortage in the winter. On the other hand, Mr. Grasshopper was in an adverse position. He was a very lazy man. He was thoughtless about his future and didn’t work hard in the summer. Due to his unplanned life, he had to face food shortage, while his friend Mr. Ant was enjoying his life. From the above discussion we can say that an unplanned life is full of sufferings. And without a proper plan a man’s life will become valueless. And to make a proper plan we need to concentrate on our surroundings. We need to know our lacking as well as our positive sides. Firstly, we need to know what we want to be in future. Secondly, we need to fix up our choice and work properly to attain success in our way of ascending. Thirdly, we need to be persistent on our plan like Mr. Grasshopper. And, following these steps we can earn success. ​ ​ HOW TO PLAY CRICKET ​ Cricket is one of the popular games of the world. Cricket is very popular in Bangladesh also. It is played between two teams -- each consisting of eleven players. A large stretch of perfectly flat and smooth ground is necessary for this game. A cricket field must have a turf which has to be kept soft by means of watering. The wickets are pitched opposite and paralleled at a distance of 22 yards. Other requisites of the cricket game are two wooden bats, a ball and two sets of stumps. The umpire’s signal marks the beginning of the game and the bowler starts bowling. After every six balls the bowler’s over ends. The batsman saves the wickets against the ball bowled by a player of the opposite side. The fielders either catch or stop the ball. The wicket keeper stands just behind the wicket. The batsman hits the ball. He scores four runs for a boundary, six runs for an over boundary and a run for each change of place with his partner. The batsman cannot give a catch and leave the stamps unprotected. If he does so, he may be caught or stamped out or run out. The batsman may be out in many ways, such as ‘bowled out’, ‘run out’, ‘stumped out’, ‘caught out’, ‘leg before wicket out’ and ‘hit-wicket out’. Moreover fairness, which is the very essence of this game, is to be maintained. Following all these rules make the game a successful and exciting one. ​ HOW TO PLAY FOOTBALL Football is one of the popular games in our country. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. ​ HOW TO USE INTERNET Internet is the key media of the telecommunication system that spread out all over the world. Total combination of numerous tiny networks is called the Internet. Receiving and sending various types of information is the main function of the Internet. Before using the internet one must know how to use a computer. In using the internet one has to use particular software. Data move through Internet in packet form. The destination and address is involved with these packets, and accordingly, these packets reach the destination. By this time, these packets pass through mid level or regional network. If we click on the icon of browsing such as the Microsoft Explorer or Netscape Navigator we will automatically get logged on the Internet. Now we will find a space for writing the address of the web page we want to see. If we write the address we will get to see that page. We can also go to a search engine for finding a particular page or a piece of information. A search engine is a system through which we can search for information on web pages containing information. Yahoo and Microsoft Network are such engines. Through this way we will be able to look for our desired information on the Internet. The learning of the Internet system will positively bring good result in the fields of our education and business. We hope that all will enjoy this wonderful fruit of modern science in future. ​ HOW TO USE A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. There are rules of using a library. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. With the help of a call number one can easily find out a book in a library. Thus the books of a library are arranged in an orderly way and it helps the readers to use it conveniently. ​ HOW TO PREPARE FOR A TOUR ​ Tour is a part of education. It gives us first hand knowledge of the places through which we pass. It also brings us into contact with different people of different ways of life. The lessons we collect from a tour are more interesting and more effective than what we get from books. A tour helps us to dispel our monotony and renew our zeal for study. This is why tours are encouraged everywhere. Before making a tour one has to prepare for it. One is to remember not to make haste while preparing for the tour. First of all one needs to ensure about the tourist spot, transportation system, total cost etc. Then for personal packing one is to have a suitcase to carry everything. Dresses for the purpose are important. One should carry one’s personal usable things such as, brush, toothpaste. Camera is an essential thing which helps one to take all the important sights. A diary is also very essential during one’s visit. It may help one to note down everything one experiences. First aid arrangements are also to be carried for covering the security. Last but not the least one should carry a substantial amount of money for personal expenses. This is how one can prepare for a tour. ​ HOW TO TAKE CARE OF HEALTH / PRESERVATION OF HEALTH ​ A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to take care of health / preserve health. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everyday. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us take care of health / preserve health. ​ HOW TO STAGE A DRAMA ON YOUR ANNUAL CULTURAL PROGRAMME ​ Cultural programmes are the ground of building up the students in a balanced way. In a school every year the students arrange annual cultural programme. Staging a play is one of the activities of the cultural programme. In our school we arrange cultural programme every year. Accordingly this year we have arranged our annual cultural programme in our school premises. We, the students of class eight were selected to stage a drama in this programme. First of all we discussed with our cultural teacher, Mr. Amin regarding the playing on a drama. We selected the drama ‘Kabar’ by Munir Chowdhury. The teacher approved it and helped us a lot by giving us advice. Some of us were selected to take part in the drama. We rehearsed the drama for some days before staging it. Just before the scheduled day a stage was erected in the school auditorium. In the meantime, all the students of the school and the honourable guardians and teachers were invited. On the particular day the spectators took their place before the performance. At the fixed time the drama started. The participants performed well in the drama. At the end of the play we were greeted with applause. The Chief Guest and the Headmaster praised us with high admiration. The next day our fellow mates appreciated us and thanked us a lot for presenting them a drama on our annual cultural programme. ​ HOW WE CAN HELP OUR FAMILY Family is an institution in which a person is born, grown up and he passes his life. Our family is the provider of all sorts of comforts and facilities towards us. All our sorrows and anxieties are erased by the soft touch of the family members. This family consists of our father, mother, brother and sisters. Here we all share our joys and sorrows. Similarly we can share our responsibilities. We can co-operate our family by extending our helping hands. Our parents are busy all day long for our comforts and well-being. In case of our household chores, we can help our mothers. We can help mother prepare our food, wash clothes, dust the furniture. We can make our bed by myself. Before or after having meal, we can set the tables, wash the dishes and other utensils. Sometimes we can wipe the floors of the house for maintaining the cleanliness. When our father comes back from work, we can offer him food. While our mothers are busy with their work, we can look after our younger brothers and sisters. We can also go shopping, run errands for the family. Moreover, we have to carry on with our studies regularly and maintain our health properly so that our parents need not worry about us. By following all these things we can help our family to a great extent. ​ HOW TO WRITE ANSWERS IN THE ANSWER SCRIPTS ​ Writing answers in the answer scripts may be an awful experience. However, a little organisation and discipline will help remove this fear. First, when the answerscripts are distributed, we must write down every detail (name, roll number, registration number, subject, subject code, name of the board) on the first page. Second, when the question paper is handed out we must give it a thorough reading. Then we should select and tick those questions for answering which we have learnt well. Next we should answer the questions one by one according to our choice. Then gradually we take up the questions which are less easy. Thus, in answering scripts we should follow an easy-do-difficult method. We should also be very careful of time and our handwriting. Moreover, we should answer all the questions in full, that is, we should leave no question unanswered. We should write offhand using our instant creations in case of answering uncommon questions. In writing answer scripts, we have to bear in mind that the answers should be in short and precise language. Besides, the answers must always be to the point. After writing all the answers, we should revise them whether we have to forgotten to write any major point or done any sort of mistake. Maintaining all these things, a student is sure to achieve a good result in the examination. ​ ​ ​ HOW TO PREVENT ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution. Air pollution and water pollution are the main factors which contribute to the pollution of our environment. All things that produce heavy smoke pollute air. Railway engines, mills and factories and power houses use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel. This air pollution causes pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Again water is polluted in many ways. Farmers use chemical fertilisers and insecticide in their lands to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with canal water and river water. Mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste materials into the rivers and canals. Steamers, launches and even sail boats pollute water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the big canals and rivers. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. This water pollution causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. To prevent this pollution we must take some steps. The government must be active as well as the common people should come forward to resolve this problem. Mills and factories must be set in particular places. Industrial wastes cannot be thrown here and there. Dumping of oil in the water must be stopped. Unsanitary latrines cannot be set beside river or canal. Overuse of chemical fertilizer must be stopped. Last but not the least, we must plant more and more trees to prevent environment pollution. ​ HOW TO PREVENT DIARRHOEA Diarrhoea is a common disease in our country. It is an epidemic. When people are attacked by diarrhoea, they suffer from the deficiency of water, which is called dehydration. Diarrhoea spreads through contaminated food and water. So drinking unsafe water or eating contaminated food causes diarrhoea. People attacked by diarrhoea feel thirsty and suffer from malnutrition. If this situation continues, the patient gradually grows weaker. Sometimes the condition becomes so fatal; it even causes the patient death. To recover from illness, primarily rehydration mixture is prescribed to the patients. Along with the oral saline, patients are advised to take all types of food items regularly. To prevent diarrhoea people should drink safe water, eat fresh food and keep the environment safe and healthy. They should wash hands with soap or ash before eating and after using the toilet. Using sanitary latrine is indispensable for keeping the environment healthy. Above all, Maintenance of cleanliness is a must for a patient of diarrhoea. ​ HOW TO MAKE A SCHOOL GARDEN A school garden is a beautiful sight. It adds to the beauty of a school. A school garden may be in front of a school or behind it. Generally a teacher of a school is in charge of the garden. He helps and guides the students. The students with the help of teachers and advisers first choose a suitable piece of land for a school garden. To prepare the land, they use different tools namely spade, hoe, rose leveller etc. They dig deep into the soil and prepare it for sowing different seeds. After sowing the seeds when the seedlings grow up they make the soil loose and pull out weeds and put fertiliser on it. And finally they water the garden and put up a fence around it to keep cattle out of it and grow different kinds of flowers and vegetables. Then the students make their own school garden. As for instance, here we can refer to the class 8 students of Nurpur High School and how they made their own school garden. One day some students of Class 8 looked out of their classroom window. They found a piece of fallow school land. They thought that they could make a garden on that fallow land. Accordingly they told Mr. Anis, the general science teacher about their idea. They told him that they would grow flowers and vegetables on a piece of school land. Mr. Anis liked the idea. The Headmaster also agreed with Mr. Anis with the result that they got a piece of land for making a garden. And they started their works on the land. Using different tools they prepared the land properly for gardening and they finally grew more beautiful flowers and lovely vegetables in the garden. The garden increased the beauty of their school and they felt proud of it. In fine, we may say that a school garden is a source of joy to the students. It develops their creative powers. It does not hamper their studies because they work during leisure and after school. THE INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY ​ The International Women’s Day is celebrated on the 8th March every year since 1914. It is an event marked by struggle around the world, an important occasion everywhere in the world. This date designated in many countries as a national holiday is also commemorated at the United Nation. The idea of the International Women’s Day first arose at the turn of the nineteenth century. There is disparity between men and women in the society. Women are always deprived of various rights and opportunities. It is necessary to make awareness among the people, especially women of the world on this issue. This is because if people are conscious, women will be able to enjoy more rights and facilities at every walk in the society. This is why the International Women’s Day is observed throughout the world proclaiming equality, justice, peace and solidarity. On 18th March, 1914 the women of all the European countries except Russia held rallies either to protest the First World War as part of the peace movement or to express solidarity with their sisters. Increasingly the International Women’s Day is a time to reflect on progress made to call for change and to celebrate acts of bravery and determination by ordinary women who have played an extra-ordinary role in the history of women’s rights. On this day, women of our country bring out procession, hold rallies, meetings and seminars. This is why the day is observed in Bangladesh. J BAD EFFECTS OF EATING JUNK FOOD ‘Junk food’ is food that has been produced for its pungent taste rather than for its health value. Junk food is gaining popularity very rapidly amongst the youngsters. It is regarded as a symbol of modernity to go to places where junk food is served. Perhaps, most youngsters who consume this type of foo d do not realise the hazards their health is exposed to. Very often, this junk food is prepared unhygienically, using contaminated water and cheap cooking oil. Fine flour which is used for preparing this food is both harmful for the digestive system and makes the body bulky. It has very little nutritive value. Further, it spoils the skin, leading to unsightly eruptions. It often contains added chemicals which make it taste soothing but are unhealthy. It usually contains a lot of animal fat or sugar. Foods like chips, burgers, crisps, cakes, biscuits, are high in animal fats. Sweets and fizzy drinks like cola and lemonade are high in sugar. When we eat a large amount of fat, our bodies turn them into fatty issue, and a large amount of sugar can damage our teeth and skin. Junk food lacks the vitamins and minerals we need. So, before one reaches out for that mouth-watering junk food, one should restrain oneself and consider for a while the harmful effects of junk food. ​ BAD EFFECTS OF EATING JUNK FOOD ‘Junk food’ is food that has been produced for its pungent taste rather than for its health value. Junk food is gaining popularity very rapidly amongst the youngsters. It is regarded as a symbol of modernity to go to places where junk food is served. Perhaps, most youngsters who consume this type of food do not realise the hazards their health is exposed to. Very often, this junk food is prepared unhygienically, using contaminated water and cheap cooking oil. Fine flour which is used for preparing this food is both harmful for the digestive system and makes the body bulky. It has very little nutritive value. Further, it spoils the skin, leading to unsightly eruptions. It often contains added chemicals which make it taste soothing but are unhealthy. It usually contains a lot of animal fat or sugar. Foods like chips, burgers, crisps, cakes, biscuits, are high in animal fats. Sweets and fizzy drinks like cola and lemonade are high in sugar. When we eat a large amount of fat, our bodies turn them into fatty issue, and a large amount of sugar can damage our teeth and skin. Junk food lacks the vitamins and minerals we need. All those who are health conscious should switch to fresh fruits and vegetables which contain all the nutrients in the right amount and are easy to digest. Hygienically prepared homemade food can be equally appetising. Thus before one reaches out for that mouth-watering junk food, one should restrain oneself and consider for a while the harmful effects of junk food. Junk Food Junk food is such a kind of food which has been produced for its pungent taste. It does not have any food value. It looks very appealing and attractive to everybody but it is not good for health. It often contains added chemicals which make it's taste soothing but it is unhealthy. It also contains a lot of animal fat or sugar so that they may become tasty. Foods like chips, burgers, crisps, cakes a biscuits are all junk foods and are rich in animal fats. When we eat a large amount of fat, our bodies turn them into fatty tissues which are harmful for our health. On the contrary, sweets and fizzy drinks like cola and lemonade are high in sugar. Our skin and teeth are damaged owing to taking a large amount of sugar. As Junk food lacks in the vitamins and minerals, we should avoid it. Home made food is usually prepared from chemical free ingredients like fresh fruits, vegetables and other items. It contains a healthy balanced of nutrients as such vitamins, minerals etc. So we should take sufficient home made food to keep sound health. Junk Food Food lacking nutritional balance is called junk food that does not form part of a well-balanced diet, especially highly processed, high-fat snack items eaten in place of or in addition to regular meals Many processed foods not only contain high levels of added simple sugars, they also tend to be high in fat and lacking in the vitamins and minerals found naturally in complex carbohydrates. Nutritionists often refer to such processed foods as junk foods and say that they provide only empty calories, meaning they are loaded with calories from sugars and fats but lack the essential nutrients our bodies need. It has been produced for its pungent taste rather than for its health value. Junk food is gaining popularity very rapidly amongst the youngsters. It is regarded as a symbol of modernity to go to places which serve junk food. Perhaps, most youngsters who consume this type of food do not realize the hazards their health is being exposed to. Very often, this junk food is prepared unhygienically, using contaminated water and cheap cooking oil. Fine flour which is used for preparing this food is both harmful for the digestive system and makes the body bulky. It has very little nutritive value. Further, it spoils the skin, leading to unsightly eruptions. It often contains added chemicals which make it taste soothing but are unhealthy. It usually contains a lot of animal fat or sugar. Foods like chips, burgers, crisps, cakes, biscuits, are high in animal fats. Sweets and fizzy drinks like cola and lemonade are high in sugar. When we eat a large amount of fat our bodies turn them into fatty issue, and a large amount of sugar can damage our teeth and skin. Junk food lacks the vitamins and minerals we need. All those who are health conscious should switch to fresh fruits and vegetables which contain all the nutrients in the right amount and are easy to digest. Hygienically prepared homemade food can be equally appetizing. Thus before one reaches out for that mouth-watering junk food, one should restrain oneself and consider for a while the harmful effects of junk food. Junk Food Junk food is one of the cooked harmful food. Now it has become very popular in our country too. Junk food is a food which is made for its pungent taste but it has no food value. People usually take junk food for its pungent taste. The food is lovely looking but does not benefit to our body whereas it does a great harm to our body. It often contains added harmful chemicals and a lot of animal fat or sugar. Junk food lacks in vitamins and minerals which are very needful to health. The high amount of sugar in junk food damages our teeth. The junk food containing high amount of animals fat forms fatty tissue in our body and it harms our skin seriously. Food items such as chips, cakes, biscuits, burgers, sweets and cold drinks are junk food. Our school and college-going children and young people are seen taking or having junk food with much leisure. Since junk food contains no element of the balanced food we should Old having/ talking it. Rice. fish. khichuri and vegetables are the principal home made food. They contain all the elements of the balanced food which are good for health. So, we should eat home made food regularly for building up and maintaining sound health. Our children should be discouraged taking junk food. Besides, the danger of junk food should be broadcast in the newspaper on TV screen and in the radio widely. ​ A JOURNEY BY PLANE I had a chance to make a journey by plane from Chittagong to Dhaka. It was my first flight. At the invitation of my elder brother, I got the opportunity. I arrived at the airport about an hour before the flight and checked in and waited in the lounge. I was given a boarding card on which the number of my seat was written. There were a large number of people at the airport. It was not long before the departure of the flight was announced and we were asked to board the plane. I got on board and found my seat. When all the passengers were in, the door was closed. As the plane was ready to take off, we were asked to fasten our seat belts. We were also given instructions about what to do in case of an emergency. Then the plane took off smoothly. I was excited. I tried to control myself as I could. Shortly after taking off, the captain’s voice was heard. He welcomed us and wished us a happy journey. A few minutes later we were given newspapers. We were also served soft drink. I looked through the window and saw clouds flying past the plane. Following the example of others, I unfastened my seat belt. I felt a thrill of joy when I noticed below the rivers appeared to be thin lines drawn on a sheet of paper. Suddenly it was announced that we were very close to Dhaka Air Port and we would be landing in a few minutes. We were again asked to fasten our seat belts. The plane began to lose height and soon landed softly. Thus my journey by plane came to an end and I was again on mother earth. ​ ​ K KEEPING A DIARY A diary is a book used for a daily record of events, thoughts, appointments etc. It is really difficult to remember everything of life as there is a limit to our memory. So, in a diary one may record all that happen in a day. A diary supplies information when one means to write a biography, or an autobiography. Again, one may record some thoughts or ideas in a diary which, later on, one may use in his literary works. It is, in this sense, a store-room in miniature, of one’s personal affairs. In it the minute details of a life can be seen preserved. So keeping a diary is a good practice. A diary is of great use to all classes of people. It helps a student to make a periodical survey of the work he has done. The diary is a valuable reference book of life. It enables us to look back. Whenever our memory gets dim or uncertain, we can resolve our doubts by turning to its pages. We can review that past with the sober eye of experience and draw lessons for the future. A diary is an interesting family record too. A diary makes interesting and instructive reading for us and others as well. So, keeping and writing a diary is a very good job. L Load Shedding: A paucity of power generation Load shedding has become a very common affair in our daily life these days. Th e people living in the areas supplied with electricity are quite familiar with the term load shedding. In the modern world electricity plays a very important role in regulating our life. Any interruption in the supply of this vital item of energy can put the whole system out of order and simultaneously can paralyse our daily activities. In our country there is hardly any area which is not affected by load shedding. Load shedding means the discontinuation of supply of electricity. Load shedding occurs when generation of power is less than the demand and when we distribute electricity wrongly. It creates many problems of far-reaching consequences in the economic and social development of the country. Most of the mills and factories become idle and for this reason industrial production declines and workers are retrenched. Social works and activities cannot go in order. Students cannot study properly because of the failure of electricity. During load shedding they are to study in dim candlelight. The housewife gropes in the darkness in the kitchen. The shops are to close down before the closing time. Spectators in the cinema hall spend hours in stuffy suffocation for load shedding. All types of productions stop and the entire life comes to a standstill during the period of load shedding. So, proper steps should be taken to stop load shedding. By establishing more power plants, power houses and by stopping unplanned distribution of electricity, illegal connection and reducing system loss, we can solve this problem. ​ LOAD SHEDDING ​ Load shedding is a word that has been added to our terminology in recent years. Load shedding means a temporary power cut. Nowadays it has assumed a serious proportion. It is now prolonged, frequent, widespread and without any method or system. This nuisance of load shedding hits hard all ----- students, factory workers, office-goers, professional people and even housewives and little babies. The supply of electricity cannot keep pace with its increasing demand. So, power, that is, electricity has to be temporarily cut. As a result, large areas remain dark for hours without electricity. During such load-shedding, many areas of a big city are engulfed at night in darkness. People sweat without fans, patients cannot be X-rayed or operated in hospitals. Radio and television become dead. Trade and industry become almost paralysed and production is badly hampered. The worker loses his wages just as the management suffers losses. The causes of load-shedding are known to us. With the grown of towns, cities and industries, more electricity will be consumed. So, new power stations must be set up and the old machinery should be replaced in time. More care should also be taken for the proper maintenance of the existing installations. Load Shedding ​ Temporary absence of supply of electricity to a particular area is called 'Load Shedding'. Nowadays it has become a daily occurrence in cities and suburbs. There is hardly any area which is not affected by it. Cinema halls, houses, shops, factories, hospitals, markets, night schools, colleges and other parts, of a locality are badly affected by it. The industrial areas are affected for the time being. Production is hampered due to failure of electricity. Even operation stops in hospitals due to load shedding. The students can not prepare themselves for their examinations due to failure of electricity. Thieves and pick-pockets freely prowl in the streets and locality. That is, it greatly affects the domestic, social and economic life of Bangladesh. It should not be allowed to continue in such a way. This unbearable situation is bound to continue unless proper actions are taken to prevent it. So, the Government should think over the matter deeply and take necessary steps to check the real cause of load-shedding as early as possible. ​ LOAD SHEDDING ​ In modern day-to-day life, load shedding has become an indispensable part. The people living in the areas supplied with electricity are quite familiar with the term load shedding. Load shedding means the discontinuation of supply of electricity. Load shedding occurs when generation of power is less than the demand and also for unplanned distribution of electricity. And it creates problems of far reaching consequences in the socio-economic development of a country. Houses, mills, factories, industries, shops, hospitals all fall a victim to it. The running mills, factories and industries come to a stand still. Domestic life becomes painful. The housewives grope in the darkness in the kitchen. The sufferings of the students due to load shedding beggar description. They suffer in their study, straining their eyes in dim candle light. The patients also suffer terribly for load shedding. Even operation stops in hospital for load shedding. The food kept in the refrigerators gets rotten. The commodities preserved in cold storage get spoiled. In fact, load shedding causes great sufferings to the people and an irrepairable loss to the country. The entire life --- domestic and industrial comes to a dead halt. For the proper development of country this sector should be given priority above all sectors. So the government should think over the matter deeply and take necessary steps to check it as early as possible. LOAD SHEDDING ​ In modern day-to-day life, load shedding has become an indispensable part. The people living in the areas supplied with electricity are quite familiar with the term load shedding. Load shedding means the discontinuation of supply of electricity. Load shedding occurs when generation of power is less than the demand and also for unplanned distribution of electricity. And it creates problems of far reaching consequences in the socio-economic development of a country. Houses, mills, factories, industries, shops, hospitals all fall a victim to it. The running mills, factories and industries come to a stand still. Domestic life becomes painful. The housewives grope in the darkness in the kitchen. The sufferings of the students due to load shedding beggar description. They suffer in their study, straining their eyes in dim candle light. The patients also suffer terribly for load shedding. Even operation stops in hospital for load shedding. The food kept in the refrigerators gets rotten. The commodities preserved in cold storage get spoiled. In fact, load shedding causes great sufferings to the people and an irrepairable loss to the country. The entire life --- domestic and industrial ---- comes to a dead halt. For the proper development of country this sector should be given priority above all sectors. So the government should think over the matter deeply and take necessary steps to check it as early as possible. ​ ​ Power-cut (Load-shedding) ​ Bangladesh is a small and developing country. which faces a lot of major problems. Of them, power-cut is very acute and frightful in our land. Load-shedding means the sudden disconnection (failure) of the supply of electricity for a short period in a particular area. It usually occurs in cities, towns, industrial and remote areas. But it is very acute (,8u) in. industrial and remote areas. Today it has become one of the most alarming problems in Bangladesh because it occurs many times in an area in a day. The causes of load-shedding are many in our country. Less production of electricity than the demand is the root cause of power-cut. Illegal connection of electricity is another root cause of it. Illiteracy is mainly liable for this severe problem. Population explosion and social unawareness (AINIF" are also severely responsible for load-shedding in Bangladesh. Our old grade electric plants cause this problem drastically. Load-shedding hampers production in mills and factories tremendously It also hinders our agriculture drastically. Power-cut disturbs houses, shops, offices, banks, hospitals and clinics etc. Load-shedding curves -4-.qck) our social and national development activities and efforts. The students close their books and sit in idle during power-cut. So it is a great curse to them. The old power plants should be replaced. Illegal connection must be stopped, illiteracy must be removed from the society and public awareness should be raised in order to lessen power‑cut. Population explosion must be controlled with iron hand. Our development plans and programmes will not be successful unless we can check load-shedding properly. The value of honesty and sincerity should be taught. ​ A LIBRARY ​ A library is a collection of books on various subjects. The word ‘library’ is derived from the Latin word ‘libre’ which means a book. But in actual use a library means a house where books are kept for use by the readers. Libraries are of two kinds, private or personal and public. A personal library is an individual affair, and is maintained by a person’s own money for his own use. The collection of books is made according to his tastes and requirements. Public libraries are often attached to educational institutions. Every school or college has a library maintained by its authorities. Both the students and the teachers use books from this library. A librarian and some assistants are appointed to help the teachers and the students in choice of books. Some large public libraries are independent institutions. They are maintained and financed by public donation and subscription. There are national libraries like the Public Library of Dhaka and British Council. They are very large and they contain books on various subjects. Libraries are a necessity for all people who boasts of some culture. A library helps the spread of knowledge and culture among the people. It leads to the intellectual progress of a nation. ​ A LIBRARY ​ A library is a collection of books on various subjects. The word ‘library’ is derived from the Latin word ‘libre’ which means a book. But in actual use a library means a house where books are kept for use by the readers. Libraries are of two kinds, private or personal and public. A personal library is an individual affair, and is maintained by a person’s own money for his own use. The collection of books is made according to his tastes and requirements. Public libraries are often attached to educational institutions. Every school or college has a library maintained by its authorities. Both the students and the teachers use books from this library. A librarian and some assistants are appointed to help the teachers and the students in choice of books. Some large public libraries are independent institutions. They are maintained and financed by public donation and subscription. There are national libraries like the Public Library of Dhaka and British Council. They are very large and they contain books on various subjects. A library is a necessity for all people who boast of some culture. A library helps the spread of knowledge and culture among the people. It leads to the intellectual progress of a nation ​ ​ LIFE IN A BIG CITY City life is a pleasant to the rich people. They can enjoy all sorts of comforts in town. In a big city the rich people have colleges and schools for higher education. Doctors, nurse and hospitals are available in town. There is a good facility for trades, commerce and industry in town. Most of the people have source of earning. There are clubs all libraries which one can join as member, and cinemas that one can enjoy for joy and pleasure. There is also good communication in a big city. But city life is not free from defects. Life in a big city is complex and difficult. It makes people more or less complex. People in town are always busy with their own affairs and no time to look after another. Big city is rather nasty with it dust, filth and boat smell. Vehicles play constantly in town. Accidents occur here every now and then. Cheats, pick-pockets, hijackers are abundant in town. Even all necessary things are available in town. We need for culture, education and amusement. So, we should try to eliminate the disadvantages of city life and this is nothing impossible to do. ​ ​ THE LIBERATION WAR ​ The Liberation War of Bangladesh took place in 1971. The war lasted for nine months. The war was a protest of the freedom-loving people of this country against the attack of the Pakistani soldiers. When the war broke out, Samira was only three years old. She cannot remember much about it. Her cousin, Laila couldn’t remember anything because she was only two years old then. But Mrs. Dewan, Samira’s mother can remember much. She tells the children one particular event. There were lots of shouts and bangs outside one night. Samira wanted to look out, but they didn’t let her as it was very dangerous. In fact, all the members of the family hid under the bed out of fear. The next day, they left their village and went to Laila’s village. They stayed with her family for two or three months. The Liberation War was a fierce one. But it was a glorious time also. Everyone wanted to do something for the country. In the war about thirty lacs of people laid down their lives. Their sacrifice didn’t go in vain. After nine month’s fierce fighting our freedom fighters became victorious. We got independence on the 16th December, 1971. LIFE IN A CITY Life in a city has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of living in a big city are many. The city dwellers enjoy certain facilities and comforts which the villages lack. They have got well-lighted streets and roads. They have transports and houses with all modem facilities. There are also fine shops here and there. They have got modem hospitals for their treatment. They can have also all kinds of social amusements. Further, they can get the best education at schools, colleges and universities. They can go to public libraries, museums, art galleries and so on to stimulate their minds. But city life has some drawbacks too. Life in a city lacks of a strong bond of fellow feeling. The rapid life, the foul and smoky atmosphere often tell upon the health and shorten a man's life. Lastly, city life is more or less artificial. Most of the time real pleasure of life is absent here. M ​ A Moonlit Night: An eternal resource of beauty A moonlit night really comes to us as a dream of enchanting beauty and eternal source of joy that stimulate our mind spontaneously. It offers a very charming view. If anybody enthusiastically wants to enjoy a moonlit night, he will see that it is just a thing of beauty and joy that he has never enjoyed. In the daylight some scenes are beautiful and others may not be so, but the same scene in the soft light of the moon looks beautiful as a poet’s dream of fairyland. As forests, houses, rivers and buildings all such manmade or natural objects are beautiful by day, all these things are more beautiful at night. They look something extraordinary and something more in a moonlight night than our rigid reality. The scenic beauty of a river or an ocean in a moonlit night can better be enjoyed than described. It has a magical power of transporting us to a land of beauty and imagination and to arouse in us a centre feeling to sing in tune with the poet. With the fragrance of different flowers, the moonlight can overwhelm the poets’ mind even the mind of the general. When the moon winks in the sky and gradually spreads her soft and alluring light, we cannot but lose ourselves in the tide of mind’s stimulation. Poets write their poems with the enthusiasm of atmospheric setting and lovers and couples gossip forgetting their time-pass. Patients and fragile people can get new life in the new atmosphere of the moonlit night. So, a moonlit night is indeed a great achievement for us all deliberating her influence on human mind. ​ Role of media ​ In general, “media” refers to various means of communication channels through which news , entertainment, education , data , or promotional messages are disseminated. Media includes every broadcasting and narrowcasting medium such as newspapers , magazines , TV, radio, billboards , direct mail , telephone , fax, and internet . In the world of today, media has become as necessary as food and clothing. It has played significant as well as influential role in strengthening the society and making the world a global village. Media is considered as “mirror” of the modern society. The purpose of the media is to inform people about current, new affairs and to tell about the latest gossip and fashion. It also helps to form opinions and make judgements regarding various issues. It has become one way of trading and marketing of products and prejudices. It keeps people updated and informed about what is happening around them and the world. Media can be considered as “watch dog” of political democracy. It serves to reduce the communication gap between the audience, viewers and the media world. For the sake of publicity and selling, important figures, their lifestyles are usually targeted. But unfortunately, media these days has become a commercialized sector. Media has had a bad effect on a generation, mainly because, teenagers and children are strongly influenced by media. The media affects people’s perspective. I believe, if the media identifies its responsibility and work sincerely and honestly, and then it can serve as a great force in building the nation. ​ Microcredit finance ​ Microcredit, also called micro banking or microfinance, a means of extending credit, usually in the form of small loans with no collateral, to nontraditional borrowers such as the poor in rural areas. This approach was institutionalized in 1976 by Muhammad Yunus , an American-educated Bangladeshi economist who had observed that a significant percentage of the world’s population has been barred from acquiring the capital necessary to rise out of poverty. There are about 800 micro finance institutions in Bangladesh with a total membership of 7 million. The cumulative disbursement by these institutions since there is estimated at Tk. 44 billion. It is estimated that they have made employment of 54000 people. It has many positive effects on socio economic variables. Apart from providing loan to the rural woman it creates employment opportunities, eradicates poverty, and raises consciousness. It also emphasizes children’s schooling, nutrition and family planning. Borrowing by women particularly improved the nutritional status both male and female children. Consumption by 5 percent of the programme participants increased to the point that their households rose above the poverty line. These findings about the importance of micro credit in poverty reduction have been substantiated by other studies both in Bangladesh and in other countries. ​ My Dream ​ A dream is a succession of images , ideas , emotions , and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep . The people of our country are still not free rather sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. They live on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. Even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream deeply rooted in the Bengali dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed. We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal. One day the sons of former slaves and slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. The heat of injustice and oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. Our children will live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. Every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. We will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. Then we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. And if Bangladesh is to be a great nation, this must become true. So let freedom ring from the North to South and from East to West, from every hill, mountainside and molehill of Bangladesh. And when this happens, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s creation, poor men and rich men, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the human spiritual. ​ ​ A Moon-lit Night ​ A night of full moon in a bright sky is called a moon-lit night. At night, the moon appears on the eastern horizon. The whole world seems to smile. That is, it produces an unspeakable magic spell on all objects, rivers, trees, buildings, large corn-fields and mountains. When the silvery light of the moon falls on the steady water of a river, it looks like rippling silver lace. Trees, hedges etc. seem to wear a bright green garment. It is really impossible to draw an open picture of the beauty of a moonlit night. Men move about from here to there. Even the birds come out of their nests and fly from hither to thither. In the village, children play different amusing games in the open fields. The moon allures the mind. The magic spell of the moon affects all young and old. The moonlit night is dear to the lovers of beauty. In fact, the charming scene of a moon-lit night beggars description. ​ ​ ​ A MOONLIT NIGHT A moonlit night is really charming and enjoyable. It presents a beautiful sight. It dazzles our eyes and soothes our heart. In a moonlit night the moon looks like a disc of silver. The moon bathes the whole world with her silvery light. The watery places mean canals; rivers and tanks seem to smile on a moonlit night. The grand spectacles that the canals, rivers and tanks present cannot be described in words. The whole nature looks bright and appears in celestial light. People of all age enjoy a moonlit night. Young boys play and little boys and girls make merriments and amuse themselves. A moonlit night is really enjoyable to a newly married couple. Men and women of middle ages cannot come out of doors. They pass some hours in gossiping and story telling and enjoy the night. Poets of all languages sing highly of a moonlit night. Even lower animals come out at night and little insects also fly here and there. A moonlit night is pleasant and fine indeed. ​ A MOONLIT NIGHT ​ A night enlightened by moonbeam is called a moonlight night. This is a thing of beauty and joy. So it is pleasing to all. During this time the moon gives soft silvery rays on every object of nature like rivers, trees, buildings, mountains, fields and what not. This beauty is surely unspeakable. Shelly himself has described it as a “white fire”. The beauty of it reaches its peak when it is in full moon. During this time every creature gets cheerful. It is worth enjoying in the villages. Here children feel like playing in the open fields or courtyard. Most of the birds come out of the nests. Housewives sing folk songs in chorus. Tired mother and grandmother lie on the mat in the green yard in a moonlit night. Poets of all countries get the subject matter to write poetry during this time. Even the beasts come out of their folds and run to and fro. Since all the creatures enjoy themselves on a moonlit might, it loses its dullness and becomes as glorious as a day A Moon-lit Night ​ A moon-lit night is a wonderful blessing among the gifts of nature. A moon-lit night is a night when the full moon appears in the sky at night. The night is really enjoyable and impressive to all sections of people, high and low. It assumes a matchless sight in a moon-lit night. The moon looks like a bright dish of silver in a moon-lit night. The moon shines brightly on every object of tile nature. Every object of the nature such as rivers, canals, seas, oceans, ponds, fields, trees, houses, buildings, hills, mountains etc. seem to smile on a moon-lit night. People of all ages and classes enjoy the moon-lit night very much. Young boys and girls play out-door games and children run about in the open field. A newly married couple (lip) also comes out of the doors with a view to enjoying the matchless beauty of the moon-lit night. Even grown up people do no to to bed without enjoying the charming sight of the night. Both men and women J all ages pass hours and hours in gossiping, telling stories and playing out door games on the joyful night. Poets enjoy the night very much. Birds and animals come out of their sheds and nests to enjoy the beauty of the night. Little insects fly here and there on the night. The moon-lit night removes the monotony of the day's hard works. It reminds us the wonderful creative power of the Creator. A life can not be happy and decent without enjoying a moon-lit night. ​ ​ MY FAVOURITE SPORT Having played many games in the course of the last eight / nine years, I think that football is the best of all. The other sports do not arouse in me half the interest that football does. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. I find pleasure and recreation in football. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. ​ My Favourite Sportsman My favourite sportsman is Ronaldoo. Every conscious person is fond of sports and games. So even• sports loving person has a favourite sportsman. I am a student. I love playing and watching sports and games. I arri very much fond of football. Ronaldoo is about 32. He was born in Brazil. azil. He is a strong bodied young man. He has smiling face. He is very co-operative, disciplined punctual and sympathetic. He is very polite and gentle in nature. He is a world-wide popular football player. Really he plays football very artfully and wonderfully. He is very respectful to the rules of the play-ground and the referee. He never makes any foul with other players and disobeys the referee. So, he has gained an uncommon name' and fame all over the world for his fair play. He earns a lot but he spends the money to improve the lot of the helpless and the street children. Brazil won the world cup in 2006 by dint of his unparallel performance. The football lovers ate highly impressed (W) watching his wonderful perfonance. He has been football for about 15 years. Really, we are proud of the world famous football player. ​ ​ The Teacher I like Best An ideal teacher is one of the most important and invaluable assets of a society or a country. He can build-up, change and reform a society or a nation according to his own dream and philosophy (N,% a T4"- I have got many good teachers. Mr. Abdur Rasheed is my favourite teacher of all. He comes of an educated Muslim family at Durgapur, Ashugonj, B. Baria. He is an English teacher. He is about 54. He is a B. Com. B-Ed. He has some special qualities . He is well-educated, well-experienced well-trained up, well-behaved and well‑dressed. He is very dutiful, responsible, punctual, persevering kind, Sociable,amiable polite, gentle, friendly, co-operative, helpful and sympathetic He is always truthful and cheerful . He is never rude to none. He is always cheerful. His teaching method is very nice. He has/possesses a good command over English. His voice is very sweet and clear. He always makes any lesson very interesting. easy and simple to his students. We never feels bored in his class . He always maintains discipline strictly and he teaches us the value of discipline and the importance of a good moral character which is the best ornament of our life . He advises us to be an ideal citizen (wTPF-4 He never thinks of his own comfort and happiness. Such an ideal teacher is seldom found in society. He is my best teacher, guide and friend. MAY DAY May Day is a red-letter day. May 1st, the International Workers Day, commemorates the historic struggle of working people throughout the world. This day is recognised in most countries. All the privileges today workers enjoy including a minimum wage, safety laws and eight-hour workday, came about due to the sacrifice of the workers in 1886. From the beginning of the Industrial Revolution people in factories have worked very long shifts, lasting up to fourteen or even more hours a day. In the 1880s a new movement calling for an eight hour day inspired both Labour Unions and unorganised workers. On May 3, 1886, police fired into a crowd of strikers at the McComick Harvest Machine Company, Chicago, killing at least one striker, seriously wounding five or six hers and injuring an undetermined number. The events of May Day 1886 is a reminder that workers will continue to be exploited until they stand up and speak out to gain better working conditions, better pay and better lives. May Day is the day when the workers asked only for bread and a shortening of the long hours of toil. The agitators gave them visions; the police gave them clubs. But it could not resist the revolt of the demonstrators. And finally the long cherished dream of the workers all over the world came true. ​ ​ MAY DAY ​ The fact that workers had it tough in the early years of the American Industrial revolution is widely taught in schools. Sixteen-hour workdays in dangerous conditions, child labour, exploitation and accidents were common. Then magically everything became better in a civilised, twentieth century. May Day is the force to bring about this change all over the world. May Day is a red-letter day. May 1st, the International Workers Day, commemorates the historic struggle of working people throughout the world. This day is recognised in most countries. All the privileges today workers enjoy including a minimum wage, safety laws and eight-hour workday, came about due to the sacrifice of the workers in 1886. From the beginning of the Industrial Revolution people in factories have worked very long shifts, lasting up to fourteen or even more hours a day. In the 1880s a new movement calling for an eight hour day inspired both Labour Unions and unorganised workers. It is 1880s workers demanding humane treatment; it is men and women around the world marching in solidarity against the factory owners who would have them work all day, every day but Sunday. On May 3, 1886, police fired into a crowd of strikers at the McComick Harvest Machine Company, Chicago, killing at least one striker, seriously wounding five or six others and injuring an undetermined number. The events of May Day 1886 is a reminder that workers will continue to be exploited until they stand up and speak out to gain better working conditions, better pay and better lives. May Day is the day when the workers asked only for bread and a shortening of the long hours of toil. The agitators gave them visions; the police gave them clubs. But it could not resist the revolt of the demonstrators. And finally the long cherished dream of the workers all over the world gradually came true. May Day ​ May Day is one of the most important and significant days of the year. Every year May 1 is observed as the International Workers' Day throughout/ across the world. May Day is observed as a public holiday all over the world. It is a glorious day to the working section of people across the world. May Day is observed demanding the due rights of the working classes of people. May Day reminds us the great dedication of -some heroic workers who dedicated their lives for the greater interest of the working classes of people in Chicago in the year of 1886. The background bf May Day is very painful Before May 1, 1886 the working people had to work for long hours but could not get their due wages and facilities. At first, workers in the city of Chicago demanded for 8 hours working period and other facilities. The then capitalist government wanted to stop their movement . On May 1, 1886 police fired upon the procession of the workers . One. worker was killed and some were wounded. After raising the flame of protest on May 1 in 1886, today all classes of working people enjoy 8 hour working period, job security Pi-qt") and other facilities. On this day workers hold meetings and take out processions demanding their rights. On May Day workers get inspiration from the great sacrifice of the Martyrs of 1886 to be united and fight for their demand in order to lead a decent and successful life. ​ *MORNING WALK ​ Walking in the morning is very good for health. One can enjoy the fresh air of the morning and remain fresh the whole day by making a habit of walking in the cool hours of the morning. By leaving the bed early one can come in contact with the outside world in its impressive mood including the flowers, trees, ponds, lakes, birds and insects. People from all walks of life can enjoy the benefits of morning walk. Morning walk is very good for those people who remain awfully busy in their offices. This is also very good for diabetic patients. In our society there are many people who cannot get up early and prepare them for morning walk. It is very natural those people who go to bed late at night cannot get up from bed early in the morning. They are very unfortunate in the sense that they fail to avail the benefits of morning walk in their lives. By taking morning walk we can remain fresh and energetic both physically and mentally and accomplish our various duties efficiently. It relieves our tensions and keeps us cool in the face of busy working days. ​ ​ A Morning Walk ​ There are a good number of good habits of a man's life. A morning walk is one of them. It is also a good form of exercise. A life can't be happy. decent. comfortable, long and successful without a morning walk. Both the young and the old man can walk at morning. A morning walk is suitable before sun-rise. The duration of a morning walk varies from person to person. The young person walks at morning for a long period but the old person or the weak person walks for a short period. The morning air is fresh and cool. It is free from pollution. Only the person walking at morning can inhale pure air. The fresh morning air refreshes both his body and mind. At morning the nature looks matchless beautiful. So a man who walks at morning can enjoy the real beauty of the nature and hear the sweet chirping of the birds. It is that walking at morning is very useful to health. It makes a man cheerful, strong and healthy. It removes the monotony of the routine works/life. It keeps a man disease free. A man walking at morning regularly leads a happy and long He is successful in every work. So in order to make life successful and fruitful one should cultivate this good habit from early life. ​ Mobile Phone Or, The Uses of Mobile,Phone (cNlifkai ​ Or, The Importance of Mobile Phone Mobile Phone is one of the most wonderful and useful inventions/ blessings of modern science. Modern science has made possible what was impossible yesterday. Mobile phone is a great success of science. It has opened a new door in the field of communication. It is the most up-to-date means of communication and correspondence. It has saved time and shortened distance. We can send to and receive any information from any corner of the world in a second by sitting at home. The use of mobile phone is easier, cheaper than telephone, telex, telegram, wireless, fax and E-mail. The number of users of mobile phone is increasing day by day in our developing country too. All sections of people are benefited by using mobile phone. Mobile phone is very essential to businessmen, traders, doctors. teachers, high officials, lawyers, service holders, shopkeepers and fisherman. This wonderful invention has mobilized the world business and the process of globaDzation wonderfully. It also plays an important role in promoting co-operation and brotherhood among the different nations of the world. There are m networking systems in mobile phone like NWD and ISD. NWD system is used across the country and ISD is used world-wide. Mobile is not free from its defects. It may damage our hearing and brain. It is harmful to pregnant women owing to its strong radiation. It is ;#great source of wastage of money of a family. The criminal activities have been increased wonderfully owing to mobile phone. However, mobile phone does a great good service to us. ​ ​ MOBILE PHONE ​ A mobile phone is a cellular phone that does not have wires. It works 11%, radio system. it can he carried and used anywhere. Nowadays, there is no need to have a cable connection to converse with others. It is mobile phone through which we can contact with our friends and relatives. There is variety of it. Some of them cover wide range and some of them are short ranged. It is now available throughout our country. The remarkable mobile companies are Grameen Phone, Aktel, Bangla Link and Citycell. Many people are using them for their necessity and many are doing just for fashion. Having no income, just for status only, many people use mobile phones. People of all classes and sectors use it. Its price is not so. high. Now an ordinary mobile phone costs five to six thousand taker only. For instant communication, mobile phone is matchlessly beneficial to us. The children are affected much. Using cellular phone is also harmful to the pregnant women. It is also helping to increase terrorist activities. Many young students are using it. It is a great loss of money of their guardians and a great blow to their future. So we should use mobile phone according to necessity. ​ ​ THE TEACHER I LIKE MOST ​ A good teacher is a blessing upon the students who have the fortune to get acquainted with. I have an experience of having close touch with such a teacher. He is our English teacher, Mr.-----. He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that he is a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. So, I like him most. ​ ​ My Last Birthday Party ​ 22nd May is the date of my birth. I celebrate my birthday every year. On the last 22nd May, my birth day party was arranged at our residence in 1/5/2, Mirpur, Dhaka. Then I was 15 years old. Some of my friends and relatives were invited to the party. My father bought me nice dress while my mother made a huge birthday cake. The young boys and girls including my younger brothers and sisters enjoyed themselves. They ate, laughed, sang and chatted. They had their photographs taken. At about 4:00 p.m. different dishes of delicious food were placed on the dining table. The drawing room was neatly decorated with colorful papers and balloons. I put on the new dress. All my friends attend the party. They stood around the table. I smiled merrily and cut the birthday cake amidst joy and happiness. My friends and younger brothers and sisters began to sing, Happy birthday to you”. Then they ate the foods prepared. Cameras brought by my guests and friends went on clicking. My friends and relatives greeted me by presenting gifts and bouquets. The function was rounded off by my speech. I thanked all my friends and relatives for attending the party. I still feel a kind of thrill at the very thought of my last birthday. ​ MY BIRTHDAY PARTY ​ A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. Generally one celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food has been served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme has been arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests have left wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party has come to an end with joy and merriment. ​ MY CHILDHOOD / CHILDHOOD MEMORIES ​ My Childhood ​ Childhood is the most significant part of our life. The sweet memories of childhood are always dear to us. In time of depression, childhood memories soothe our mind. Some childhood memories of mine are still intact in my mind. During my childhood I was very naughty and truant. I used to play different games to pass my leisure. I used to bathe for many times in the rainy season and fell ill. At my childhood I enjoyed the company of my grandmother and elder sister. Still their memories frequently haunt me. I can still remember the marriage ceremony of my sister. That was both sweet and bitter experience for me. I felt lonely after the marriage. I couldn’t understand why she wouldn’t stay with us. The sweetest event of my childhood was my first day at school. I was very excited when I first went to the school. I showed a lot of enthusiasm there. My grandmother’s death was the most painful experience of my childhood. When I was only seven, she left us for ever. I lost my constant companion. Despite of these unpleasant experiences, my childhood was full of comfort and relief. When I remember my childhood, I can remove the monotony of daily life. I want to get back my childhood and it will remain ever rosy in my mind. ​ ​ MY CHILDHOOD / CHILDHOOD MEMORIES Childhood is the sweetest period of human life. I often remember the days of my childhood. When I remember my childhood days, I feel happy. I can’t recall the day when I was first named. As I have heard, there was a big feast in our houses on that occasion. In my early age I spent my time in high spirits. All the members of our family loved me very dearly. They gave me whatever I asked form them. They always took care to make me happy. A single drop of tears was enough to move them. My grandmother / grandfather was very much fond of me. S/he told me many amusing stories. I annoyed her/him in many ways but s/he was never angry with me. When I was five years old, I was sent to the primary school. I recollect the day, from my memory, when I first went to A.B.C High School with my father. My teachers spoke kind and affectionate words to me. My classmates welcomed me with love and interest. I completed my primary education in the tenth year of my life. I began to grow both in body and mind and began to take more and more interest in my studies. My joys knew no bounds when I stood first in my class. I took part in various games and sports. The happy recollection of my childhood yet fills my heart with great joy. I wish I could go back to those happy days again. ​ ​ My Childhood ​ Childhood is generally a sweet period of our life. It is only in childhood that a man gets a free life to enjoy. I am now a young man of eighteen. I was born in a small village in Bangladesh. The whole village was my playground. I wandered throughout the tiny village and played about with my friends. The summer days were the sweetest and happiest days for us. We plucked mangoes and black berries from tree to tree and ate them to our hearts content. We often forgot to take our mid-day meals. In my childhood my favourite person was my grandmother. She loved me very much. She fed me very carefully with her own hands. Though my father often flew into rage, my grand mother prevented him from rebuking me. I used to sleep with her. Before I fell asleep, she used to tell me fairy tales of which she had a rich store. My grandmother died when I was five. The sad event of her funeral will ever remain in my memory. My mother wept bitterly and grandfather was shocked. My heart always yearns for her. ​ ​ My Class Teacher ​ The person who teaches the students in any educational institution is called a teacher. All of my teachers are favourite to me. I have a deep respect for all of them. The teacher who impresses and influences me much is my class teacher. His academic qualifications are very bright. He is an English teacher. He teaches us English in an interesting and charming way. He makes the difficult problems of English very easy. Even the most uninteresting lessons become enjoyable and effective by his practical teaching. Everybody enjoys his lessons with deep attention. He does not feel fatigue to perform his duties. He is a man of strict principle. He performs his administrative activities with justice. So, he is respected by all. He is an absolute disciplinarian. He helps us to be disciplined.(He seems to be a born teacher. He teaches us manners and custom. His affection, ever smiling face, his advic6, his behaviour and his modest manners will remain ever fresh in my heart. He has all the qualities of an excellent teacher and as an excellent man. I have not seen a better man than he) He is a man of extra-ordinary merits. I am grateful to him. I love and respect him from the core of my heart. ​ MY COLLEGE LIBRARY The place where books, magazines, newspapers and various other reading materials are kept for the readers is called a library. Students and teachers can read books sitting there or they can borrow them to take away after getting them issued on library cards. Our college has a big library with various types of books and other facilities. It is a good library with the modem facilities like computer, photocopy and air-conditioned reading rooms. It is a separate building in our college campus but connected with other buildings. It is near our classrooms and we can easily go there during leisure period. Our library is very rich with about fifty thousand books on different subjects. Apart from textbooks there is a huge collection of story books, magazines and newspapers. I regularly go to the library. Sometimes, I read books sitting there. Sometimes, I borrow books on my library cards. Sometimes, I get photocopies of relevant pages from the library on payment. I even use computer to browse some important information through the internet. I can also send and receive e-mails from our library. It is-an unique place for me. It helps me in my study in various ways. I like it very much and I have a deep feeling for it. ​ MY DAILY ACTIVITIES ​ I have a routine of my daily activities. I do my daily duties according to this routine. I get up from bed early in the morning. I attend to the call of nature, wash my hands and face and brush my teeth. I say my morning prayer to God. Then I go out for a walk in the open air. I have my breakfast at 6 a. m. with my brothers and sisters. Then I go to my reading room and make lessons till 10 a.m. I go to bathe then. I take my meals and start for school. Our school sits at 11-30 a. m. and breaks up at 4-30 p. m. I always listen attentively to what my teachers say and teach in the class. I go home straight after school. I take rest in a few minutes. Then I go to my garden. I return home before sunset. I wash my hands, feel and mouth. Then I go to my reading room and make lessons till 10 p.m. I have my supper with my parents, brothers and sisters. Then I go to bed and have a sound sleep. ​ MY DAILY ACTIVITIES ​ I have a routine of my daily life. I do my daily activities according to this routine. I get up from bed early in the morning. I attend to the call of nature, wash my hands and face and brush my teeth. I say my morning prayer to God. Then I go out for a walk in the open air. I have my breakfast at 6 a.m. with my brothers and sisters. Then I go to my reading room and make lessons till 10 a.m. I go to bathe then. I take my meals and start for school. Our school sits at 11-30 a. m. and breaks up at 4-30 p.m. I always listen attentively to what my teachers say and teach in the class. I go home straight after school. I take rest in a few minutes. Then I go to my garden. I return home before sunset. I wash my hands, feel and mouth. Then I go to my reading room and make lessons till 10 p.m. I have my supper with my parents, brothers and sisters. Then I go to bed and have a sound sleep. Thus I perform my daily activities smoothly. ​ ​ MY DAILY LIFE ​ My day starts just before the cock crows. I leave my bed early in the morning and take preparation for my morning prayer. After saying my prayer, I walk in the field adjacent to our house for half an hour. As I return from my walk, I feel like a second spell of sleep. But I have to get up soon because mother never allows me to remain in bed after sunrise. I start my studies at 6-30 and prepare my lessons till 9-30. I go to bathe then. I finish my bath and breakfast quickly. I start for school. Our school sits at 10-30 a. m. and breaks up at 3-30 p.m. I always listen attentively to what my teachers say and teach in the class. I go home straight after school. Then I spend the afternoon with friends in the playground or in the house of one of our friends, then home again as darkness starts falling. I wash my hands, feel and mouth. Mother brings me some light refreshment. Then I sit at my desk and do my study for at least three hours. When it is time for eating, all the members of our family meet in the dining room. We eat together and exchange our day’s experience with one another. Then we pass some of our time in watching television. This is the time when we have some fun and feel absolutely relaxed. I generally go to bed before it is 11 o’clock. This is, in short, the description of a usual day in my life. But I don’t follow this routine all the days of the week. There are departures from it on holidays. On holidays, I am very busy with my personal sundry tasks. But I perform my daily activities smoothly and enjoy equally everyday of the week. ​ MY EXPERIENCE OF A RAINY DAY ​ I experienced a rainy day which cut mark in my mind. At first there were some patches of clouds in the sky. Gradually, the sky became heavily overcast. Early in the morning, the wind began to blow, first slowly and then with greater intensity. Soon afterwards, it began to drip-drop. Within a few minutes, this developed into a downpour. I decided not to go to school. The rain was in shower for hours together. At 10 o’clock in the morning, I along with my cousin went outside taking umbrella with us. As the rain continued, the streets turned into streams of water. Some roads under repair became muddy and slippery. Most of the vehicles went off the roads. Only a few buses, cars and rickshaws ran slowly, splashing water on both sides. Most of the shops could not open and people had to be satisfied with what they had in their houses. Day labourers were passing the day idly. Some boys and girls like us found the day highly enjoyable. They took the day off and did not go to school. Some of them played in the pools of water and floated paper boats on the water in the streets. We returned home after two hours. I found that father also did not go to his office. He was listening to songs. Mother was cooking ‘khichuri’. At lunch time we had the food to our heart’s content. Then we all went to bed and had a sound sleep till the evening. ​ MY EXPERIENCE OF A STORMY NIGHT ​ Human life is eventful. Some events are full of thrill and some are full of sadness. We derive some sort of pleasure when we recollect them in tranquility. I remember an event, which will remain fresh in my memory. It was a terrible experience of a stormy night. I with my family went to village to join a wedding party. On the wedding day, we were walking along a village path towards the bride’s house. It was a sunny bright May afternoon. Suddenly I could see no sun. Patches of dark, pitch-black clouds were gathering all over the western sky. And soon I couldn’t see anything. I could hear only the deafening roar of the wind. Dust, rain, leaves and branches of trees ----- all were sweeping past so fast that I couldn’t open my eyes. The party too, was scattered and swept along by the wind just like the leaves. I couldn’t even think about the others, about myself, about anything. When the sun hit my eyes, the next morning I found myself between two stay-hacks in a farmer’s yard. Then I returned to my home and found that everyone was waiting for my return. I can still remember the atrocity caused by that monster wind when I think about the experience. ​ MY EXPERIENCE OF VISITING A FLOOD AFFECTED AREA ​ When the flaw of water increases then usual, vast areas of the riverbank go under water and we call it flood. Bangladesh has hundreds of rivers so flood is a very common phenomenon in our country. It occurs almost in every rainy season. The low lying areas are the main victim of flood. Last year we witnessed a horrible month long flood. It was the month of June, The northern region of the country was under water. Manikganj was the most affected area. Reports came in newspapers and satellite channels about the poor condition of the people of that region and we wanted to help them. So, I along with some of my friend of our school collected relief materials and went to Manikganj to aid the poor flood affected people. Going there we saw the devastation of flood with our own eyes. About 80 percent area of the district was under water. Crops of about 10,000 hectors of land was washed away. Many dead animals were seen floating on the water. People were in miserable condition, man and animal living together in the flood shelters or in some educational institutes. They were suffering in want of food, shelter and medicine. Water spread diseases were spreading at an alarming rate. We tried to help them as much as we could but it was really inadequate. The government relief was not enough also and it was clear that they would have to suffer more. People of all walks of life should come forward in such calamities to remove the distress of the suffering people because one day we might also fall victim to it. ​ MY FAMILY ​ The institution with which we have most intimate contact and perhaps the greatest concern is the institution of family. I belong to a middle class family. I am a boy/girl. My name is ------------. I am at present a student of Class------. I am the first/ second/ third/ eldest/ youngest son/ daughter of my parents. We are two brother and sister. My father whose name is -------------, is a businessman/ government employee. My mother is a housewife. My sister/ brother is also a school-goer. S/he is a very serious student. S/he does not waste a single moment in vain. My father is a businessman/government employee. He rises early in the morning and takes a walk by the riverside. Then he offers his morning prayers and wakes us up. After a short while, he starts for his office. My father is man of principles. He is mild, gentle and sober in nature. My mother is a housewife. My mother is the finest lady in the world. She is very polite, affectionate and intelligent. She manages the family very nicely. She does all the household chores. She takes great care of all of us. She loves me very dearly. She is ready to sacrifice her own happiness for the members of the family. She holds my good above everything in the world. She is pious too. My mother is a woman of delicate taste. She reads books when she gets time. My grandparents also stay with us. They love me very dearly. I like my family very much because we are living together sharing our weal and woe. I wish I could live together with all my family members throughout my life. ​ ​ MY FAVOURITE BANGLADESHI FOOD ​ Bangladesh is my native land. I have been nourished up with different types of food produced in this country. In different areas of Bangladesh, different types of food are eaten. They differ in names, not in contents. There are many items relating to rice. They are rice and fish, rice and dal, rice and khichuri. Polao and Biriani are my favourite. They are generally prepared and eaten occasionally. Many seasonal home made cakes are eaten in Bangladesh. They are called ‘pithas’. They are of different names, size and shape. Most mentionable cakes are Chital, Bhapa, Patisapta etc. I like the Patisapta very much. Actually the traditional food is very delicious. I like the cake made from date juice in the month of Paush and Magh. In winter, it is very nice to taste these cakes early in the morning. In Bangladesh many kinds of sweetmeats are found. They are made with milk and sugar. They are Khir, Rasogulla, Chamcham, Sandesh, Rasamalai, Zelapee. In spite of all these delicious food, I am still habituated in having rice and fish which is very common and favourite food in Bangladesh. ​ MY FAVOURITE BANGLADESHI FOOD ​ Bangladesh is my native land. I have been nourished up with different types of food produced in this country. In different areas of Bangladesh, different types of food are eaten. They differ in names, not in contents. There are many items relating to rice. They are rice and fish, rice and dal, rice and khichuri. Polao and Biriani are my favourite. They are generally prepared and eaten occasionally. Many seasonal home made cakes are eaten in Bangladesh. They are called ‘pithas’. They are of different names, size and shape. Most mentionable cakes are Chital, Bhapa, Patisapta etc. I like the Patisapta very much. Actually the traditional food is very delicious. I like the cake made from date juice in the month of Paush and Magh. In winter, it is very nice to taste early in the morning. In Bangladesh many kinds of sweetmeats are found. They are made with milk and sugar. They are Khir, Rasogulla, Chamcham, Sandesh, Rasamalai, Zelapiee. In spite of all these delicious food, I am still habituated in having rice and fish which is very common and favourite food in Bangladesh. MY FAVOURITE CRICKETER ​ Shachin Tendulkar is my favourite cricketer. He is one of the greatest cricketers in the world. He is incomparable. His outstanding performance certainly speaks in favour of this. He is an idol to his devotees. When he plays shots, he makes the spectators spell bound. He likes to enjoy himself in making new records. Though he is not so calculative in making shots as Drabir, another skilled player is, he is very vigorous in this regard. He has the records of highest runs, centuries, test matches and so on. He has good temperament. He plays very artistically and thoughtfully. People find pleasure at the time of his playing. Cricket-lovers eagerly wait for his arrival in the field. I think him one of the best players in the world of cricket. So, not only I but also millions of true lovers of cricket like and praise him most. ​ MY FAVOURITE FOOTBALLER ​ Though football is giving place cricket, several of the footballers have made the game enjoyable. Among them Ronaldinho is my favourite footballen He is one of the greatest footballers in the world. He is incomparable. His dribbling is often compared with rhythmic traditional Brazilian 'Samba Dance'. He makes the spectators spell-bound. His outstanding performance and artistic pass of ball are really a wonder to the football lovers. His tricky passing of ball certainly stirs the hearts of football-lovers. He likes to make new records. He was awarded the title "The Best Footballer of the Year 2006". People, specially his fans, eagerly wait for his arrival in the field. I consider him as one of the three or four best footballers in the world. So. I can't help praising him most. ​ MY FAVOURITE GAME Having played many games in the course of the last eight / nine years, I think that football is the best of all. The other sports do not arouse in me half the interest that football does. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. I find pleasure and recreation in football. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. MY FAVOURITE HOBBY ​ ​ My favourite hobby is gardening. I like it fora number of reasons. First, I am fond of nature and,gardening keeps me very close to nature. Secondly, it refreshes my mind with the beauty and fragrance of its flowers. Above all, it offers my house a fascinating look. But gardening is not an cast' task. I have to work hard for it. To make this garden, I selected a suitable piece of land. Then I have made a boundary around it. After that it was prepared for plantation of garden plants. I take care of the plants regularly. This is a traditional hobby. However, it provides me with lots of advantages. It makes our home fresh and beautiful by its fragrant flowers. It purifies my mind and sensibilities and gives me pleasure and mental satisfaction. Sometimes I sell flowers of my garden and,add to my income. However. I cannot spend much time in my garden. In the early morning I work there for more than an hour everyday. My garden is something different because it has various plants of rare collection. ​ ​ MY FAVOURITE HOBBY A hobby is a man’s favourite pursuit or pastime. It is a thing that a man takes up for amusement and is not his main business. It keeps the mind happy and fresh. My hobby is stamp -collecting. I collect stamps from many sources and keep them nicely in my album. I am very much interested in collecting stamps of other countries of the world. I find in the stamps the pictures of important buildings, towers, mosques, beautiful gardens, national heroes, national flowers, birds and animals. It is very exciting to look at the stamps. The stamps are of different size, shapes, colours and price. So far as I have collected forty-nine different types of stamps of the countries like Great Britain, the U.S.A. Japan, France, India, Pakistan, Uganda, Saudi, Arabia, Iraq, and Iran. These stamps give me some knowledge of the history and geography of these countries. I also buy stamps from a stationery shop in the local market. My pen friend, a Japanese boy, also sends me stamps from Tokyo. Stamp-collecting is really a pleasant hobby and I am trying to collect more and more stamps. ​ ​ ​ MY FAVOURITE PERSON ​ My mother is my favourite person in my life. The sweet word that is mixed up with our existence and feeling is ‘mother’. Every young child starts its life just uttering this very word. The same thing happens to me. My mother is dearest to me in the world. She loves me dearly. My mother is a woman of thirty/thirty five/ forty. She is gentle, amiable, patient and loving. Her heart always yearns for me. She is always anxious to see me happy. Since my birth I have always been with her. I have grown up under her affection and care. Without her loving care, my existence on earth would be impossible. She loves me more than anybody else on earth. Her joy knows no bounds if she finds me happy. If I fall ill, she becomes very anxious. When I come round, her face beams with smile. Her calm and gentle look is a source of hope and inspiration to me. If I am to write anything about her, I feel inclined to write a big volume and not a paragraph. Thank the Almighty that He has blessed me with such a mother who always remains favourite to me. ​ MY FAVOURITE PERSONALITY ​ Kazi Nazrul Islam ----- a poet, philosopher and patriot whom I like most. He is my favourite personality. He is our national poet. He was a poet of unique vision, a seer who could look beyond the limitations of time and place. Nazrul, the rebel poet of Bengal, was born on the 11th Jaistha, 1306 B.S in Churulia, a village of Bardwan in West Bengal. Nazrul’s nickname was “Dukhu Miah”. Nazrul felt the pangs of slavery in his heart and turned a rebel poet. In a weekly magazine named ‘Bijli’, his famous work ‘Bidrohi’ was first published in 1328 B.S. When he was 22 years old, he began editing a bi-weekly called ‘Dhumketu’. His most well-known works are ‘Agni-Bina’, ‘Bisher-Banshi’, ‘Praloyshika’, ‘Dolonchapa,’ ‘Sarbahara’, ‘Sammyabadi’, ‘Chakrabak’, Chandrabindu’, ‘Natun Chand’, ‘Shesh Shaogat’, ‘Bandhan Hara’, ‘Rikter Bedan’ etc. He also wrote some novels of which ‘Mrityukshudha’ and ‘Bayther Dan’ are widely known. He wrote many lyrical poems, religious songs, gazals, love-lyrics, stories, plays and comic-poems for the children. I like Nazrul more than any other man, because he stood against all sorts of oppression. He was a great revolutionary. He taught us to strike, strive and not to yield or surrender. He showed us the part to fight against the enemy of our freedom. Nazrul’s sympathies were always with the downtrodden and the humiliated. He wrote with the blade of a steel sword, as it were, defying all bans and banters. He had indeed a great heart. All his qualities make me love him both as a great poet and a person as well. ​ ​ MY FAVOURITE SPORT Having played many games in the course of the last eight / nine years, I think that football is the best of all. The other sports do not arouse in me half the interest that football does. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. I find pleasure and recreation in football. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. ​ MY FAVOURITE TEACHER ​ My favourite teacher is Mr. -------------------. He is about 35 years old. He is a tall man with a slim figure. He teaches us English. He is a brilliant teacher and has an impressive command of English. His pronunciation is good and he speaks English with a foreign accent. He has got a lot of qualities. He is very gentle, polite and well-behaved. He is never rude to his students. He is very considerate and co-operative too. He helps the students when they have any problem. His technique of teaching is also impressive. In his class he creates an English environment which helps us hear English and think and interact in English. He makes his lesson interesting and keeps his students active in the class. He also makes them confident and proves clever. I am impressed by his towering personality, efficiency, devotion to duty and his affection for his students and so I like him most. ​ MY FAVOURITE TELEVISION PROGRAMME ​ Television is the best means of entertainment in today’s world. It telecasts many kinds of enjoyable programmes to delight the audience. As the best media of recreation, television appeals to us very much. There are many interesting TV serials in BTV. When I am asked what my favourite TV programme is, I consider the programme that relays splendid dances, lectures, songs etc. An airy-voice and fairy-like picture come to me like far-off dreams. Of many programmes, my favourite programme is the ‘Adventure of Sindbad’. It is a very interesting TV serial. Throughout the week I wait for the day when the serial will telecast. Leaving all works, I sit in front of TV when the serial starts. I like the serial very much. Because there is a mingling of adventure, fairy tale, science, wit, humour etc. When I watch this serial, I forget everything of the world. It gives me entertainment as well as instruction. It also refreshes my mind. I hope that the BTV will telecast more programmes like ‘Sindbad’ ​ MY FIRST FLIGHT ​ I had a chance to make a journey by air from Chittagong to Dhaka. It was my first flight. At the invitation of my elder brother, I got the opportunity. I arrived at the airport about an hour before the flight and checked in and waited in the lounge. I was given a boarding card on which the number of my seat was written. There were a large number of people at the airport. It was not long before the departure of the flight was announced and we were asked to board the plane. I got on board and found my seat. When all the passengers were in, the door was closed. As the plane was ready to take off, we were asked to fasten our seat belts. We were also given instructions about what to do in case of an emergency. Then the plane took off smoothly. I was excited. I tried to control myself as I could. Shortly after taking off, the captain’s voice was heard. He welcomed us and wished us a happy journey. A few minutes later we were given newspapers. We were also served soft drink. I looked through the window and saw clouds flying past the plane. Following the example of others, I unfastened my seat belt. I felt a thrill of joy when I noticed below the rivers appear to be thin lines drawn on a sheet of paper. Suddenly it was announced that we were very close to Dhaka Air Port and we would be landing in a few minutes. We were again asked to fasten our seat belts. The plane began to lose height and soon landed softly. Thus my first flight came to an end and I was again on mother earth. ​ ​ MY GARDEN Man was first placed in a garden on his creation. Man’s first home before his fall was a garden and a garden will be his final abode if he is pure. Garden is, therefore, the place where the innocent live. Man’s love of garden is, however, quite evident. Many changes have taken place in the world. Man’s tastes, too have changed, but his love of garden has remained undiminished despite all these changes. My garden is a fenced area in our front yard. It is rectangular in size, 20 feet in length and 15 feet in width. I have been working on the garden for the last three months. In the first month I dug up the earth well. Soon a nice flower bed took shape. My father watched me doing the hard work and said that I was becoming a floriculturist. He helped me to show the right seeds of various flowers. I planted ‘dalia’, ‘lily’, ‘sandhamalati’ and ‘jui’ in a row and in another row two types of roses. As spring came, my flower plants bloomed into a dazzling array of flowers. Such a display of colourful flowers pleases not only me but also others. This garden also enables me to do some manual labour which is good for health. My garden is a source of great pleasure and joy to me. ​ My Hobby Hobby is nothing but one’s alternative mental occupation. It is not one’s main business. It is one’s favourite way to enjoy the leisure time. When anyone becomes engaged in any occupation his mind works up to a certain period. Then the mind wants some change to restore its energy. Almost every man has a hobby. There are different hobbies like stamp collecting, gardening photography, angling, coin-collecting etc. My favourite hobby is coin collection. I take it as an interesting work in my leisure. I collect coins of various types and of various times of different countries. Both new and the old coins of different countries are in my collection. I usually collect coins from my relatives living abroad. My grandfather also helps me in collecting. He has given all the collection of coins of his student life. This coin collection has a great educative value I can know about the different national symbols of different countries from these coins. This hobby also creates then curiosity about those countries. My hobby is the main source of my pleasure. It gives me relief from my routine bound works. It helps me to forget the monotony and sorrow of daily life. So, every one should have a hobby out of his routine life. ​ MY HOBBY ​ Hobby is an interesting work at leisure. It keeps the mind happy and fresh. My hobby is stamp -collecting. I collect stamps from many sources and keep them nicely in my album. I am very interested in collecting stamps of other countries of the world. We find in the stamps the pictures of important buildings, towers, mosques, beautiful gardens, national heroes, national flowers, birds and animals. It is very exciting to look at the stamps. The stamps are of different size, shapes, colours and price. So far as I have collected forty-nine different types of stamps of the countries like Great Britain, the U.S.A. Japan, France, India, Pakistan, Uganda, Saudi, Arabia, Iraq, and Iran. These stamps give me some knowledge of the history and geography of these countries. I also buy stamps from a stationery shop in the local market. My pen friend, a Japanese boy, also sends me stamps from Tokyo. Stamp -collecting is really a pleasant hobby and I am trying to collect more and more stamp. ​ ​ ​ MY HOME ​ There is nothing sweeter than one’s home. The same is with me. My sweet home, my dear home is in the countryside. It is not a big one. It covers only a few bighas of land. It faces the south. The front side of my home is open. A big canal flows by it. There are five houses in my home. All of them are made of tin. Two of them are beggars and have brick-built plinth and floor. My father and mother live in one of these houses. My elder brother, with his wife lives in another one. I also live in a fairly large house. We have a kitchen garden inside our home and a flower garden in front of our house. These gardens add to the beauty of my home. Moreover, my home is surrounded by mango groves and many other fruit trees and flower plants. In spring there is feast of flowers and fragrance in my home. Birds sing in them all day long. From a distance my home then looks like a fine painted picture. To me my home is the sweetest place on earth to live in. It is indeed dearer to me even than paradise. ​ MY IDEA OF GOOD TEACHER Education is the backbone of a nation. So, a teacher’s role is very important to the society. After parents, a teacher is the guide of a student. A good teacher is one of the most important people in a country. I have an experience of having close touch with such a teacher. He is our English teacher, Mr.------------ . He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that it is blessing upon us to have such an ideal teacher ----- a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. ​ ​ MY INTIMATE FRIEND ​ Man by nature is a social being. To him, the world looks gloomy in absence of an intimate friend. I have an intimate friend. His qualities have tempted me to call him my intimate friend. Arif is my best friend. He comes of a very good and respectable family. He is a meritorious student. He has always achieved a good result in his examination. He has a sweet temperament. He is neat and charming in his habits. He is amiable and modest. He is intelligent and well-behaved. He never speaks ill of others or injures anyone’s feelings. He is worthy of being a good friend. He proves the proverb a friend in need is a friend indeed. He is always desirous of my good. If I fail to understand anything, he explains it to me. If he finds any, he tries to rectify me. He always advises and helps me when I am problem. For me, he is the sea of knowledge. I have learnt a lot from him. Service of humanity, devotion to study, obedience to elders and love for youngers-------- are his great ideals. I am lucky that a person like Arif is my friend. ​ MY LAST DAY AT SCHOOL Some memories in our life are so painful that they tend to bring tears to our eyes. The memory of my first day at school is one such example. I always look back and call up in my mind the sweet school days. I had to bid farewell to my school as I was going to sit for my SSC examination. For seven long years I was an inseparable part of the institution. Now it exists only in my memory. All the nooks and corners of the big building were intimately familiar to me. To each of them clings some sweet fond memory of days gone by. As I went to receive my admit card of my S.S.C. Examination, all the memories of the past began to crowd over in my mind. The wavy green grasses on the field were alluring and we had walked, sat or played there almost every day during our time at the school. Before departing, we flocked to the Headmaster’s room. With a heavy heart we took leave of him. Some of us touched his feet. He showered blessings on all of us. We went round to other teachers and paid our respect to them as well. When all the formalities were over, we trooped past the gate. Farid Mia, the college gatekeeper, cast us a mournful glance. My eyes became full of tears as I met his moist eyes. Indeed the day was a memorable one which I can never forget in my life. ​ MY MOTHER ​ The sweet word that is mixed up with our existence and feeling is ‘mother’. Every young child starts its life just uttering this very word. The same thing happens to me. My mother is dearest to me in the world. She loves me dearly. My mother is a woman of thirty/thirty five/ forty. She is gentle, amiable, patient and loving. Her heart always yearns for me. She is always anxious to see me happy. Since my birth I have always been with her. I have grown up under her affection and care. Without her loving care, my existence on earth would be impossible. She loves me more than anybody else on earth. Her joy knows no bounds if she finds me happy. If I fall ill, she becomes very anxious. When I come round, her face beams with smile. Her calm and gentle look is a source of hope and inspiration to me. If I am to write anything about her, I feel inclined to write a big volume and not a paragraph. Thank the Almighty that He has blessed me with such a mother. ​ My Idea About Leisures ​ Leisure refers to free time which is free from routine works of one's life. The works done during one's free time are known as leisure pursuits, or pastimes. A life can not be fruitful and successful without leisure persuits or pastimes. In our country most village men usually spend their free time by gossiping in tea-stalls,by playing village out door games, by fishing in canals, rivers, haors and beels and by joining rural cultural functions. The village women usually pass their leisures by gossiping and by visiting their neighbours and villagers. The village children spend their free time by flying kites, by plucking flowers and by swimming in ponds, canals and rivers. Today village people watch television programmes at evening and at night. But the city people/dwellersusually enjoy their leisures by visiting parks, zoos, various international fairs, historical places and by joining different clubs. They also pass their free time by swimming, boating and fishing in the big lakes. Besides, many city dwellers enjoy their free-time by reading story books. newspapers and magazines and by watching international sports and games on n7 screen. Today the most common pastime is watching various TV programmes. Travelling, gardening, painting, drawing pictures etc are also the popular leisure pursuits Nowa­days the young society is very fond of listening to band and pop-music. Inwinter football, ha do- do, cricket and various village games are held inour country. The people of Bangladesh are fond of making picnic to the important spots in winter. The value of a leisure pursuit is very great in our life. It helps to wipe out the monotony of routine works and keeps our mind cheerful. I am a college student and have a great interest in travelling and reading magazines and story books during my off time. It is travelling which helps one to broaden one s outlook and knowledge. ​ My Neighbour ​ Man is a social being. He lives in the society with his family and there are neighbours all around him. I live at Lalkhan Bazar in the city of Chittagong. I have my neighbours too. Our neighbours are gentle and amiable people. Most of them are government officers. All of them are highly educated. Some of my neighbours are businessmen, a few of them are doctors, some are day labourers, some are teachers and the rest of them are engaged in other professions. My neighbours are all peace-loving people. We live in complete peace and harmony with one another. When any of us falls ill or into any difficulty, others go out of their way to help him. Most of my neighbours are Muslims. There are some Hindus, Christians and Buddhists. No problem arises among different communities. In different social occasions we co-operate with one another. Of my neighbours there are two school teachers. Now and then, I go to their houses and talk about my studies. They help me willingly. On the whole, our environment is of peace and happiness. ​ MY NEIGHBOURS ​ The word ‘neighbour’ means a person who lives in houses, streets etc. near another. My neighbours are the people who live close to my house. I have a number of neighbours. Most of them are very kind-hearted and progressive minded. A few of them are conservative. My neighbours are of different occupations. Some are businessmen; some are service holders, some doctors and teachers. We live side by side as a unit of a single family. We live in collaboration with one another. When one of my neighbours falls in danger, we all extend our helping hands to him. Sometimes the difference of opinion arises among ourselves. It creates a temporary misunderstanding with some of my neighbours. It is a matter of happiness that it does not last long. We feel sorry for the misunderstanding and compromise it honourably. We share our joys and sorrows among ourselves. Whenever we become ill, our good neighbours come to nurse us back to health. We often consult our problems. My neighbours are not my relatives but more than my relatives. On occasion of different ceremonies and religious festivals we become a family. I am very proud and happy to have such neighbours. ​ MY NEXT DOOR NEIGHBOUR Very few people are blessed with good neighbours. I am lucky to have such good neighbour. I live in a town. I have a number of neighbours. Of them all, I like one most. The neighbour I like most is my next-door neighbour. His name is Mr. ‘X’. He is a young man of twenty eight years. We have known each other for about five years. He is endowed with many good qualities. He is a good student. He has a sound health. He is by nature, amiable and cheerful. He always considers the good to his neighbours. He is co-operative and friendly without getting into any kind of quarrels with them. Courtesy goes a long way and even if any of his neighbours is the quarrelsome kind, his pleasant manner changes the disturbing one. He visits us on every happy occasion and expenses his joy. If any neighbour is in trouble and needs help, he doesn’t wait for extending his helping hand. In my distress, he is always the first man to offer his services. He guides me too. He also has great affection for me. I do not find any blemish in his personality. After all, that is what being a good neighbour is all about. I am really proud of having such an ideal man as my neighbour. ​ ​ MY NATIVE VILLAGE / THE VILLAGE I LIVE IN ​ With the green fields and with the cool and calm shade of the trees our village stands on the-------------river. The name of our village is---------. It is in the district of------------. About five thousand people live in our village. Most of them are Muslims. There are also a few Hindus, Buddhist and Christians. They live in peace and harmony. The villages are mostly farmers or labourers. Some are potters, weavers, blacksmiths, fishermen and so on. There is a big market in our village. It is the heart of our village which throbs with the activities of the villagers. There are some brick-built buildings such as the mosque and primary and high school building. There are also a post office, a health-care centre and community centre. Our village has a good road, which links the village with the highway. The village is rich in cultural activities like Jatra, Jarigan, boat-race and bullock-race. Our village is also famous for cottage industries. Our village is a peaceful village with a number of educated people. I am proud of our village and pray for its peace, progress and prosperity. ​ MY OWN PROFILE ​ I am a boy/girl. My name is ------------. I am at present a student of Class------. I am the first/ second/ third/ eldest/ youngest son/ daughter of my parents. We are two brother and sister. My father whose name is ----------, is a businessman/ government employee. My mother is a housewife. My sister/ brother is also a school-goer. At present I am ----------------- years old. In my early age I spent my time in high spirits. As I was the eldest son / daughter of my parents, all the members of our family loved me very dearly. They gave me whatever I asked from the. They always took care to make me happy. A single drop of tears was enough to move them. My grandmother was very fond of me. She told me many amusing stories. I annoyed her in many ways but she was never angry with me. I recollect the day from my memory, when I first, went to A.B.C High School with my father. My teachers spoke kind and affectionate words to me. My classmates welcomed me with love and interest. I am, still, a student of that school. My aim is to be an engineer and I am working hard to reach my goal. My hobby is stamp-collecting, painting. My favourite game is cricket. My favourite fruit is mango and my favourite food is ‘Hilsha” fish and rice. I am at present a happy boy / girl of a happy family. I try to make my life bright and prosperous in future. ​ My Parents ​ My parents are the dearest and the nearest persons on earth. They have brought me up from my infancy. They are the only persons who are actually interested in my well-being and that interest of theirs is unconditional. They are happy if I am happy. They have sacrificed all their happiness to make me happy. My father is a school teacher and my mother is a house wife. My father is my guide, friend and philosopher and my mother is the source of inspiration for me. In my childhood, she put her heart and soul in bringing me up. I remember, I caused her much trouble. My father also works hard to maintain his family. He always wants to see me smiling face. He is honest and a man of principle. My mother is also honest and sincere. My parents watch my student career with an affectionate interest. My success gives them immense pleasure and my failure shocks them greatly. Really, my parents are the part and parcel of my life. I am grateful to God that I have got such parents ​ MY RESPONSIBILITY TO MY FAMILY Responsibility is an inherent quality of a man. Truly speaking, the superiority of a human being requires him to show some responsibilities and duties to himself and his family. He cannot be indifferent to his responsibilities towards himself and his family. As man has to live in a society, so in this respect he has to behave very responsibly. We have our own responsibility towards our family and neighbours. As I am a student, my foremost duty is to study well, listen to my teachers and parents have sensibly with others. I feel that I can perform many duties towards my family. In my family I can help my parents in doing different household works, such as, preparing food, washing the dishes, making the bed, wiping the floors, setting the tables, dusting the furniture doing shopping, etc. Besides, in time of illness I can help my family members by consulting doctors. Again, in time of family crisis I can assist my parents in taking decision. Thus as a teenager, I can perform my responsibilities towards my family. Only then I can claim myself as the best creation of God. ​ MY PARENTS ​ Everybody owes greatly to his parents. I cannot be an exception. I could not pass through my infant days without their love and affection. So I am very much devoted to and fond of my parents. They sacrificed their comfort and pleasure for my health and happiness. As a result I have grown up as what I am today. My parents are a modest couple. But they are dignified. They do not have the pride of wealth, not of higher degrees. But they are solvent and educated. My father is an engineer / medical officer / government employee / businessman and my mother is a school teacher / housewife. Father is always busy with his job. Actually my mother looks after us all time and helps us do our home-task everyday. She keeps the house neat and clean and does other household work. My parents are fond of reading books and newspapers. They are also fond of listening to music. Mother is particularly interested in needlework. She makes our clothes with her sewing machine. Father is the head of our family and everybody obeys him. Both of them take them interest in our education and welfare. Their love for my sister and me is matchless. My parents are my first teachers. I have learnt a lot from them. My parents are worthy of emulation in our society. I love and respect them very deeply. ​ ​ MY VISIT TO A PLACE OF HISTORICAL INTEREST ​ Many things I have heard about the historical places of Bangladesh. So I had been dreaming of visiting a historical place. I learnt many things about the beauty of the imposing multidomed Shat Gambuj Mosque. In mid-15th century, a Muslim colony was founded in the inhospitable mangrove forest of the Sundarbans near the seacoast in Bagerhat district by a saint Ulugh Khan Jahan. He was the earliest torchbearer of Islam in the South who laid the nucleus of an affluent city during the reign of Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah (1442-59), then known as ‘Khalifatabad’ (present Bagerhat). I, accompanied with some of my friends visited the historical mosque and its adjoining area. It came to our view that the stately fabric of the monument stands on the eastern bank of a vast sweet-water tank, clustered around by the heavy foliage. This gives a real picture of a low-lying countryside characteristic of a seacoast landscape. The mosque is roofed over with 77 squat domes, including 7 Chauchala or four-sided domes in the middle row. The vast prayer hall is provided with 11 arched doorways on east and 7 each on north and south for ventilation and light. It has 7 longitudinal aisles and 11 deep bays by a forest of slender stones columns. From these columns spring rows of endless arches, supporting the domes. The arches are six feet in thickness, have slightly tapering hollow and round walls. The interior and the exterior of the mosque give a view of rather plain architecture but the interior western wall of the mosque was beautifully decorated with terracotta flowers and foliage. I have come to know that besides being used as a prayer hall the mosque was also used as the court of Khan Jahan Ali. At present it is one of the greatest tourist attractions and best architectural beauties of Bangladesh. ​ MY VISIT TO THE NATIONAL MEMORIAL Our National Memorial is our glory and pride. It is situated at Savar in Dhaka. I have recently had the opportunity to visit the National Memorial. It is a symbol of the nation’s respect for the martyrs of the War of Liberation. It is built with concrete, but made of blood. It is an achievement the dimensions of which can be measured, but it stands for all achievement which is immeasurable. It stands upright for the millions of martyrs who laid down their lives so that we may stand upright, in honour and dignity, amongst the nations of the world. As I have seen, the tower is 150 feet high and it stands on a base measuring 130 feet wide. There is actually a series of 7 towers that rise by stages to a height of 150 feet. I have come to know that the foundation was laid on the first anniversary of the Victory Day. There is actually a plan to build a huge complex in several phases. The entire complex will cover an area of 126 acres. The plan of this complex includes a mosque, a library and a museum. The relics of the Liberation War will be kept in the museum. The sight of the complex, which was most moving to me is the several graves of the martyred freedom fighters; close to the tower. The memorial stands 150 feet tall, but every martyr it stands for stands so much taller. Standing in front of the graves we bowed down our heads in respect. It seemed to us that the towers soar up symbolising the loftiness of the spirit of the martyrs. While visiting I felt that the national memorial is a reminder to all our countrymen of the valiant struggle and supreme sacrifices of a freedom loving people. Indeed the visit was a one which is still engraved in my heart. ​ MY VISIT TO A PLACE OF HISTORICAL INTEREST ​ A few months ago I visited Darjeeling. I went there with my family. When we entered Darjeeling there was a thick fog all round and it seemed as if we were driving into the clouds. It was very cold but we were well prepared, with our coats, caps and mufflers. Arrangements for our stay had been made in a small but comfortable lodging house, and after spending the night there we embarked upon a tour of sight seeing. We visited the Botanical Gardens, the Himalayan Mountaineering places of interest. We ate some authentic Tibetan food and bought traditional Eastern curios. Early the next morning, we went to Tiger Hill to see the sunrise. This is possible only if it is a clear day and many people come back disappointed. But we were lucky. A hush fell over the crowd as the first rays of the sun struggled out from behind the clouds and the sun rose with all its glory. The snow-clad Kanchanjhonga looked breath-takingly beautiful. I have never seen anything so awe-inspiring! From this spot we were even able to get a glimpse of Mount Everest. On our way back we visited the lush tea-gardens which produce some of the finest tea in the whole world. My trip to Darjeeling was a really enjoyable one and I did not know until I went there that nature could be so magical! . MY VISIT TO A VILLAGE ​ It was my first visit to a village. One of my friends invited me to visit his village in two days holiday. I went along with him to his native village which is not far away from my town. In the truest sense their home is made of mud with thatched roof. There were unmetalled roads leading to and coming from the village. Its surroundings were green because of the crops and other vegetation. The streets were usually narrow and dirty with the open drainage system which gave out stinking smell. Outside the village there was a pond. There were some big shady trees on the outskirts of the village. The people in villages enjoy free air. The diet is very nourishing. They live in the bosom of nature. Farmers were seen to go to their fields along with their cattles. Under the shady trees people in general, were holding discussion, smoking and enjoying tit-bits and talks. Some were taking their lunch under these trees. Outside the village there was also a well from where villagers drew water for drinking and other uses. The village belles dressed in their lovely and multi-coloured costumes with pitchers on their heads came to take water from the well. To see them chatting and talking while coming and going is an alluring sight. After all the cool and fresh breeze of the morning, the scenes of sunset and sunrise produced the charming sights and scenes. All these made my mind fresh and lively, which I can never forget. ​ ​ MY VISIT TO BAISHAKHI MELA ​ Bangladesh is a land of rich culture and heritage. Baishakhi Mela is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. A ‘Baishakhi Mela’ is an annual gathering. It is a gathering held in villages too. This year along with some of my friends I went to Baishakhi Mela held in the Dhanmondi Club playground. We went there in the afternoon. I found the fair bustling with life. There were various kinds of shops and stalls. They were full of different kinds of things such as toys, handicrafts, potteries, sweets and cakes and many handmade things. The potteries made by the students of Charukala Institute, Dhaka University attracted me most. I purchased some specimens of their potteries only. Prices of things were a great deal higher than I had anticipated. Several book-shops were also there. Children’s books were among them which were sold at a great number. In the evening a discussion was held in which the speakers were from intellectual level of our country. In the fair, people were thronged to different food shops. It also became a place for annual meeting for people. But the fair had a different message to give us. The cultural outlook of the young people ought to be broadened. The authorities should organise more fairs. On the whole, I enjoyed the fair most with my friends. ​ ​ MY VISIT TO DHAKA Dhaka is an old city. It remained an imaginary place to me so long because I could not see it with my own eyes. I had an opportunity, however, to see the capital of my dream when my uncle invited me to pay a visit to Dhaka and to be his guest. I availed myself of the opportunity and paid a visit to Dhaka during the last summer. During my short stay at Dhaka, I moved from place to place by bus, rickshaw and baby taxi. When I passed through Nawabpur Road, I was struck by the dazzling sight of the big shops. I went to Gulistan, the D.I.T. Avenue, and Motijheel Commercial Area. The wide and spacious National Stadium, the Baitul Mokerram Mosque, the tall and big buildings of Motijheel Commercial Area, the G.P.O and the Bangladesh all impressed me very much. Next morning I visited the Lalbag Killa, Bara Katara and Chhota Katara. These are the remnants of the Mughal rule. Here old touches and memories hover all around. At Lalbag we also saw the Tomb of Pari Bibi, the daughter of Shaistha Khan. On the way we saw the Dhakeswari Temple built by Ballal Sen. But the New Town, the Sher-e-Banglanagar, the latest extension of Dhaka and Tejgaon Industrial area presented a different sight altogether. Everything about them is new and modern. The Medical College, the University, Salimullah Muslim Hall, the High Court, the Engineer’s Institute, the Secretariat, the Assembly House, Hotel Sheraton and Sonargaon are all designed according to modern taste. The Ramna Garden, the Suhrawardy Udyan and the beautiful lawns attracted me much. I also visited the New Market, Azimpur Colony, the Gulshan Model town and derived much pleasure from their charming sights. I also went to Zia International Airport and saw planes taking off and coming down. My visit to Dhaka was of great interest. It has widened my knowledge and experience. It has given me practical knowledge which books can never give and has brought past history in vivid form before my mind’s eyes. ​ My Next-door Neighbour ​ A next-door neighbour is a person living (residing) adjacent to our house or flat. I have got a next-door neighbour named Mr. Abdul Hakim. He is about 45. He is an B. A. (Hops), M.A. M-Ed. He is a reputed Principal of a college. He is well-educated, well-behaved and well-dressed. He is very sociable, social, amiable kind, helpful, co-operative and friendly. He is very dutiful and responsible too. In a word Mr. Hakim is a very nice man. He always remains cheerful . He is never rude to anybody. He is highly respected and loved everywhere. Yet he has no pride (wkzai4 He Is a very good friend of my father. He often visits our house and asks me about my progress in studies. This noble man always advises me what I should do and what I should not do. When any members of our family fall ill, he comes first. Again, when our family faces any problem, he tries hard to solve it. He has a younger son named Jabiaryer. He is of my own age. He is very friendly and modest. We go to school and play together. Mr.Hakim is fond of fishing in the lake and canals and Jabiayer is fond of playing football and gardening, The kind-hearted next-door neighbour hardly thinks of his own betterment and interest . Now-a-days such a noble next-door neighbour is seldom found in our society. Thanks Allah! I have.got such a nice next-door neighbour. It can be said that a social life can not be successful and fruitful without a good next-door neighbour. So a next-door neighbour plays a vital role in making our life happy and comfortable. ​ My Favourite Poet/ Author My most favourite poet is Kazi Nazrul Islam. He is favourite to me for his patriotic writings. The literature of Bangla' ) is very old and rich in the world. Many famous poets and authors have developed Bangla literature through their writings, Kazi Nazrul Islam is one of them. His contribution is uncommon in Bangla literature. He was born in a poor but noble family at Churulia in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal in 1899. His early life was sorrowful. He lost his father in his early life. He could not receive good education owing to extreme -poverty He began his writing from his very boyhood. Almost all his writings are patriotic , many are rebellious and some negligious. I am - highly inspired (-N~ ") by his rebellious writings. His famous poem 'Bidrohi' was published after returning from the war. He wrote Agnibina (zftWI), Bisher Bashi' Badhanhara Rikter Bedon etc. One after another. he also composed many remarkable plays, dramas and songs. He was sent to jail for his rebellious writings. His writings inspires us to protect/stand against injustice and illegal activities. His writings worked as sharp as swords against the brute British rulers They also work as sharp. as swords against all odds and injustice in all ages. All classes of people, poor and rich were equal to him. This is why, Nazrul is called the Byron of Bangladesh. He passed away in August 29, 1976. Though he is dead, his writings have made him immortal. He is still alive in the heart of the Bangla speaking people. ​ ​ ​ comments debug Comments Write a comment Write a comment Share Your Thoughts Be the first to write a comment. comments debug Comments Write a comment Write a comment Share Your Thoughts Be the first to write a comment. comments debug Comments Write a comment Write a comment Share Your Thoughts Be the first to write a comment. comments debug Comments Write a comment Write a comment Share Your Thoughts Be the first to write a comment. N ​ Natural Calamities of Bangladesh: An obstacle to progress Bangladesh is called the land of natural calamities. The prime natural disasters of this country are flood, storm, cyclone, drought and famine. Flood visits our country every year due to heavy rainfall. It is the most devastating one of all natural calamities. It takes a serious turn in the monsoon. Due to heavy rai n, most of the rivers overflow their banks and thus cause flood. It washes away different types of crops, cattle, homes and properties. The devastating floods in the years of 1988 and 1998 are very remarkable. Most of the districts in the southwest of Bangladesh had been inundated violently. Storm is not less destructive than flood. Storm causes abrupt damage to our life and property. Affected people cannot get the opportunity to save themselves nor their properties. It blows away our homes, trees, cattle and many things. But when a storm revolves violently round a centre, it is called cyclone. It moves at a high speed ranging from forty to more than hundred kilometres per hour. During the last few years, several cyclones swept over our country and caused immense harm to our people. Cyclone is a curse to the inhabitants of the coastal regions of Bangladesh. The tidal bore and the heavy showers wash away the stores of foodstuff and cause terrible damage. Drought causes serious harm to our crops and trees. Due to the want of water farmers cannot grow plants nor can produce bumper crops. As an aftermath, famine occurs. Many people die from hunger. However, we have to reduce the loss caused by various natural calamities. Using modern weather forecast, prior warning can be given to the people who are likely to be affected storm, cyclone etc. Moreover, the affected people and domestic livestock can be easily shifted to a safer place during flood and cyclone. Besides, a quick relief, medical treatment and essential medicines should be supplied among the affected people. Some effective measures should be taken by the govt. as well as different NGO’s with a view to eliminating sufferings of the victims. ​ Natural Calamities ​ Natural calamities are the disasters which are inflicted by God, or Nature, or man and his world. Bangladesh is often hit by natural calamities like flood, cyclone, drought, earthquakes, landslides, tidal bores, excessive rainfall, river erosion, famine which bring great loss to the life and property of our country almost every year. Environmental pollution, climate change, global warming, greenhouse effect, deforestation, lack of plans etc. are responsible for these natural calamities. Many people becoming homeless and helpless suffer untold sufferings. Houses are destroyed, cattle are washed away, crops are greatly damaged and trees are uprooted. The prices of all essentials go up. Famine breaks out. Thousands of people and animals die for want of food. Many dangerous diseases like cholera, typhoid, diarrhea and dysentery break out in an epidemic form. The educational institutions are closed down for a long time. In a word the whole nation undergoes extreme sufferings and socio-economic pressure. Though we cannot prevent natural disasters as we have no hand in nature, we can reduce the damage caused by natural calamities by using the modern technology of weather warning. Flood can be prevented by building embankments, barrages and a well planned irrigation. The river beds should be dredged for carrying more water by the rivers. An efficient relief measure should also be taken to mitigate the suffering of the flood victims. In fine, it can be said that natural calamities for a poor country like Bangladesh are destructive. So, steps should be taken by the government as well as the conscious citizens raising public awareness to prevent their destructive effect for the greater interest of the country. NATURAL DISASTER IN BANGLADESH ​ I know that Bangladesh is prone to natural disasters. Those disasters are cyclone, tidal bore and flood. Global warming is the main cause of these disasters 1 experienced a cyclone in 1991. Then I was a child. So I can remember a little what had happened during that cyclone. From my memory I can say that the cyclone caused a lot of damages. The wind was blowing so violently that our house was shivering severely. We were afraid that our house might be damaged. However, the house did not collapse but we could not sleep that night in fear. In the morning, people came out of their houses with anxieties. Many houses were damaged and many trees were uprooted. Branches of strongly rooted trees were broken down. Water reached our yard. Many coconuts which were separated from cluster were floating on water. During that cyclone many cattle died falling under collapsed houses. Many people were killed at different places and many were lost. A lot of educational institutions and trees were damaged. The cyclone caused untold sufferings to people. In fact, we are helpless before the natural disasters. We can't prevent them. We can only take some measures to lessen the sufferings of the victims. and to minimise the loss of property. Our govt can buildup some permanent ​ ​ NEWSPAPER ​ A newspaper is a printed publication appearing daily, weekly or monthly containing news, advertisements and articles on various subjects. It carries the news and views from home and abroad to us. In this era of scientific progress, we cannot do a single day without it. We become detached from the outside world in absence of it. It is a part and parcel of our day-to-day life. I cannot start a day without going through a daily newspaper. Newspaper brings news of various kinds to meet the demand of people from all social strata. Newspaper is called the storehouse of knowledge. It has removed the global distance and made the whole of the world a village. Having a newspaper in grip, people can get all sorts of information. It provides them with news about politics, economics, culture, literature, games and sports of the world. Some newspapers have begun to publish guidelines to give students academic aid. Being a student I am inclined to read such kind of newspaper. It helps me a lot. But I do not support yellow journalism because of false news, exaggerated views, irritating comments exile public opinions. We should train up our journalists to be evaluated. ​ ​ NEWSPAPER READING ​ Newspapers have their own importance and advantages. In modern times, newspapers are considered to be the givers of information, news and views. They bring to us news from all the corners of the world. Newspapers in the modern world reflect pubic opinion. They contain a great deal of useful information. The public remains in touch with the leading ideas in the country as well as of the world. Through newspapers, we get national as well as international news. They help in creating among the readers the spirit of goodwill and mutual understanding for other nations of the world. Newspapers are good means of publicity and propaganda. In the advertisement columns, one can know about many things. Thus, by reading newspapers one can know many things. Newspapers play a great role in mobilising public opinion on various national issues. Newspapers also help in education public opinion. They make us realise our duties and make us aware of our responsibilities. They give their own honest, just and right opinion on various great problems of the country. Thus, they lead the masses on the right path. From the point of view of education, they have a great value. Newspapers can publish the latest reports regarding the researches made, discoveries done and inventions made in the various fields. The ideas and thoughts of world-renowned thinkers, writers, poets, scientists, reformers, philosophers and politicians are known to us through newspapers. Thus, newspapers are the important limbs of modern society ​ ​ Necessity of Learning English ​ We know that English is an international language. English has become the window to the world. For any kind of higher education we are dependent on English. Its importance can easily be understood. There are some jobs like that of a pilot, a telephone operator or a tourist guide who require to know English. A foreign office can not perform their deeds without English. For diplomatic relations, foreign trades, use of science and technology even inside our homeland and for spreading our religion abroad, we need English. If we do not learn English right from the very beginning of our academic life, we shall be unable to produce goods doctors, engineers, technicians etc. Proficiency in this language can help us to express our feelings in a befitting manner. A deeper understand-ding of the language can also bring us much pleasure. We shall be able to enjoy good authors. This may sharpen our mental faculty. Our thoughts and actions will be developed through English language. There is none who can deny the importance of this language in our day to day life. Therefore, all of us should make an effort to learn this language. ​ Natural Calamities in Bangladesh ​ natural calamity is a part of the environment. It is a natural force. It brings about untold havoc, sufferings and losses to men, animals, crops, properties, trees and the environment. It is a menace for all. A natural calamity is very destructive and horror. Every year various alarming -natural calamities hit is small plain land which is located on the Bay of Bengal. This is why, Bangladesh is called a land of natural disasters and calamities. Every year she faces various calamities such as floods, cyclones, Sidr, Nargis, earthquakes river erosion , tidal waves (Vt"9001), storms. droughts, excessive rainfall etc. Flood is the most common and devastating one of all the natural calamities in Bangladesh. It usually hits during the rainy season. It has an alarming impact on our lives, crops and properties. Every year a terrible flood sweeps away thousands of houses, domestic animals and poultry. It roots out countless trees, damages our crops, roads, dams and embankments (4K ~-- ) tremendously. Every year it renders (makes) thousands of people homeless, helpless and landless. This frightful natural calamity snatches away a lot of valuable lives every year. The flood-affected people have, to pass their days under the open sky without food, clothes and medicines. After flood, various water-borne diseases break out and acute famine exists across the country. The poor are the worst sufferers. Natural calamities curve our all development plans and efforts severely and endanger our national and social. economy. Def6restation, illiteracy, civic unawareness and acute poverty are the root CRUMB of natural calamities. By raising civic awareness and removing Me acy from the society and by stopping deforestation we can get rid of the natural calamities. ​ Natural Beauties of Bangladesh ​ Bangladesh is a country of gorgeous greenery on the shore of the Bay of Bengal which is enriched with natural beauty and resources, many rivers, birds, forests, historical places and above all, six seasons. Every year thousands of nature lover come from various countries come here to learn from nature, to see awesome creations and to know about wild lives. Amongst those places Cox’s Bazar Sea Beach, the Shundarbans, Srimongal Tea Garden, Jaflong, Rangamati, Bandarban, Paharpur Buddha Vihara and so on are well known worldwide. An excellent combination of the picturesque natural beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky and the shimmering expanse of water of the Bay of Bengal and the evergreen forest makes Cox’s Bazar and Kuakata Sea Beach a much sought after tourist destination. It is one of the unique spots which allow a visitor to watch both the sunrise and the sunset from the beach. This sandy beach slopes gently into the Bay and bathing there is as pleasant as is swimming or diving. The Shundarbans, the land of rare plants and animals, is the largest mangrove forest of the world. One can see Royal Bengal Tiger, a lot of deer, monkeys, and elephants and so on. The real beauty of Shundarbans is the Shundori tree which is really exceptional. Various types of birds always charm the tourists. Srimangal which is one of the hilly districts of Sylhet division is famous for tea gardens and Seven Layered tea. Jaflong is known as land of stone. The Mari River is well known to all due to transparent glass like river water. You can see the ground of river from the top of water. In fine, it can be said that if you love nature, love natural beauty and especially green field you must not forget to visit those places of Bangladesh. ​ ​ Nuclear family ​ The nuclear family or elementary family is a term used to define a family group consisting of a pair of adults and their children. I live in a nuclear family. Our family consists of four members such as my father and mother, my sister and myself. Nuclear family is getting popular nowadays because in such a family one can live according to one’s own will. The expenditure here is less than that of an extended family. In a nuclear family one may have much facility. He can enjoy his own life. He has no binding to anyone. The advantages of a nuclear family are stability, legacy, moral coding, skill building, shared responsibility, mutual support. The disadvantages of a nuclear family are that here he has to live alone. He has no companion to share his joys and sorrows. He feels lonely. I do not like it because here one has no friend or companion to share one’s feelings. In recent decades, this traditional form of the family has undergone major changes, with increasing rates of divorce leading to single-parent families, remarriages, resulting in extended families. These trends and the resulting problems that they cause, especially for the children, has brought the advantages of traditional nuclear families back into focus. There is none here to console one in distress or depression. But above all nowadays nuclear family is getting more popular. ​ ​ OUR NATIONAL FLAG ​ A national flag is not merely a piece of cloth but is a symbol of the love we have for our country. When the national flag is hoisted full mast, we feel proud of it. To the outside world, the national flag carries the identity of our nation. Our national flag has a proportion of 5:3; that is the width of the flag must be three fifths of the length. The design of our flag is a two-colour combination ---- red and green. The green colour is the background in the middle of which is pasted a red circle. The red circle indicates a burning sun and the green background suggests the lush green of our nature. The red sun also suggests the blood sacrificed by our people in achieving the independence. The green colour on the other hand shows the energy of our people. A great sense of honour is attached to the national flag. It is never to be desecrated. The more a country prospers, the more a national flag gains in dignity. It is our hope and aspiration that our national flag will earn a global recognition in future. ​ ​ ​ National Flag ​ ​ Every free country has its own National flag. Bangladesh is also a free country. So we have our own national flag. The proportion of the length and breadth is 10 : 6 and the radius of the flag is one fifth of its length. It symbolises our sovereignty, integrity and freedom. It has a grass-green background with a red sun placed at the centre. The green background means the eternal green of Bangladesh. The red sun is the symbol of a new born nation. It depicts the bloody war of independence. The sun also means a rising nation. Everyone pays respect to his national flag. A national flag can be a great inspiration to everyone who loves his country. The national flag is sacred. It represents our country's honour. It is hoisted on solemn occasions. But unfortunately, we are using this flag on trivial occasions. Consequently, most people do not show due respect to It. They disrespect their own country. So, the Government should protect it and we should honour our motherland by showing proper respect to our national flag. ​ ​ THE NATIONAL MEMORIAL The national memorial at Savar is a symbol of nation’s respect to those heroic sons of the country who laid down their life to gain independence during the war of liberation. Though the memorial stands for the martyrs, the achievement it represents can not be measured because freedom can not be limited. It is the symbol of the nation’s pride and dignity. The most prominently visible portion of the memorial is the 150 feet long tower standing on a base 130 feet wide. The foundation of the memorial was laid on the first anniversary of the victory day. There is a plan to build a huge complex covering 126 acres of land. The plan of this complex includes a mosque, a library and a museum. Relics of the war of liberation will be kept in the museum. They will always remind to our countrymen and all those who come to visit the place, the supreme sacrifice of the freedom loving people of Bangladesh. The most moving sight of the complex is the several graves of the martyred freedom fighters just beside the tower. standing there we see the fruit of their sacrifice standing upright to declare the triumph of their glorious deeds. ​ OUR NATIONAL MEMORIAL ​ Our National Memorial is situated at Savar in Dhaka. The National Memorial is a symbol of the nation’s respect for the martyrs of the War of Liberation. It is built with concrete, but made of blood. It stands 150 feet tall, but every martyr it stands for stands so much taller. It is an achievement the dimensions of which can be measured, but it stands for all achievement which is immeasurable. It stands upright for the millions of martyrs who laid down their lives so that we may stand upright, in honour and dignity, amongst the nations of the world. Most prominently visible is the 150 feet tower that stands on a base measuring 130 feet wide. There is actually a series of 7 towers that rise by stages to a height of 150 feet. The foundation was laid on the first anniversary of the Victory Day. There is actually a plan to build a huge complex in several phases. The entire complex will cover an area of 126 acres. The plan of this complex includes a mosque, a library and a museum. The relics of the Liberation War will be kept in the museum. They will ever remind our countrymen and all who would come to visit the museum of the valiant struggle and supreme sacrifices of a freedom loving people. The most moving sight of the complex is the several graves of the martyred freedom fighters; close to the tower. Standing in front of the graves we bow down our heads in respect, as the towers soar up symbolizing the loftiness of their spirit. The national memorial is a reminder to all oppressors that the weapons of freedom need not be very big, and that oppressors will always be defeated. And the will of people prevails, for man is born to be free. ​ A NIGHTMARE ​ It was a nightmare. I was too thrilled to bag the first prize in a lucky draw. It was a free holiday and travel to the Disneyland. I boarded a jumbo jet. Immediately it soared high in the sky. But my joy was short-lived. It kept on going higher and higher. I was terribly frightened. While it was wandering, it crashed with a satellite and broke into pieces. I started falling down. Suddenly, I saw a huge bird, which was as big as a helicopter. I managed to catch its wings. The bird after some time landed on a ship. I got down on the deck. I was thinking that my life has been saved. But this was not so. Suddenly, there was a big blast and the ship broke into pieces. I tried to save my life holding a wooden plank and swimming. It was the unending sea which was full of sharks and whales. I was so frightened that I shouted ‘Mother-Mother’. As soon as my mother heard my call, she woke me up and asked me what happened. I was so happy to find that it was only a ‘frightening dream.’ ​ A NURSE/NURSING AS A PROFESSION ​ Man has three duties --- duty to God, duty to parents and duty to mankind. A nurse is such a person who dedicates her whole life to the service of the people who are ill, injured and wounded. The field she renders her dedicated service to is called nursing. The job of a nurse is very noble. It enables a person to serve the suffering humanity. In our country one needs minimum academic qualifications of S. S. C. to be a nurse. Moreover, one has to study for three years in the Nurses’ Training Centre and this is followed by one year’s practical training in any Medical College Hospital. After completing the course successfully nurses are employed in hospitals and clinics. The job of a nurse is very tiring and trying. She always looks after the patients. A nurse is very vigilant. She renders her heartfelt service to mitigate the agonies and sufferings of the patients. She shares the sorrows and sufferings of the patients. The importance of a nurse beggars description. Hospitals and clinics cannot go even a single day without a nurse. So steps should be taken to ensure due social and financial status for the nurses so that they can keep the torch of Florence Nightingale illuminated. ​ ​ ​ NOBEL PRIZE ​ The Nobel Prize is the world's most prestigious prize. Nobel Prizes are awarded every year for outstanding achievements in the fields of science, literature and for promoting world peace. The Nobel Prize was introduced by Alfred Bernard Nobel, a Swedish scientist and inventor of dynamite. He was born in Stockholom in 1833. Dynamite is used to destroy mountains, dig petrol, wells and in war. The prizes are awarded to encourage and recognise the outstanding contributions of top-most figures in different fields. The prizes are given in six fields such as physics, chemistry, medical science, literature, economics and world peace. The recipients of Nobel Prizes get a certificate, a gold medal and a prize money of 10,00000 US dollars. Professor Dr Yunus has been awarded Nobel Peace Prize for his contribution to remove poverty with the help of micro-credit. We feel proud of him because he has made us feel proud all over the world. Because Dr Yunus is the first Bangladeshi to get Nobel Prize in peace. ​ ​ NOISE POLLUTION* Sound is a symptom of life. But loud sound creates problem for all. Nowadays noise pollution has reached an alarming stage in human life. It has harmful effects on our life and activities. When the sound is at normal, tolerable, pleasant level, it is simply called ‘sound’. But when it is sharp and harsh to the ears, it becomes ‘noise’. Serious harm can be caused to people if they are regularly exposed to sounds exceeding 70 decibels. Because of the growth of urban population and the increasing use of machines in our everyday life, there has been a general increase in the level of sound around us. On an average, people in the cities are exposed to sounds ranging from 30 to 90 decibels or even more. It has dangerous effect on our auditory nerves. It may cause deafness and psychological imbalance. Really it has become a threat to patients, children and old people. It is more dangerous to the patients suffering from heart diseases. Sound pollution has crossed the limits of human endurance. So it is high time for us to take necessary to check it. Strict laws should be enforced in this regard. Moreover we all should cultivate the virtue of quietness in domestic as well as public life. ​ ​ A Nuclear Family Today a nuclear family is regarded as the most up-to-date form of the family all over the world. There are mainly two categories of families like an extended family and a nuclear family. I am a first year student of an old and ideal college in our Upazila. I am lucky because I am a member of a nuclear family. A nuclear family is a small and planned family consisting of only parents and dependent children. I like the small family very much because there are a lot of advantages and facilities in a nuclear family. A member of a nuclear family enjoys almost all rights and amenities of modern life. A nuclear family is free from noise, chaos and disorder A student of a nuclear family finds enough time to study. So he can easily concentrate on his studies properly which helps him to make a better result in the exams. A nuclear family is a family where one can lead a disciplined , planned, peaceful, happy and cheerful life. On the other hand a member of an extended family is deprived of basic needs and facilities of a life. A student of a big family can not concentrate on studies well because of chaos and noise. The only disadvantage of a nuclear family is loneliness One finds no scope to exchange one's views and ideas with others. A member of a small family leads a dismal andcheerless life elf It is obvious (4vT 11-oft) that a dismal life is. better than a chaotic and noisy life. All these reasons now-a-days a nuclear family is getting popularity in our society too. I do support and suggest all to live in a nuclear family fora safer, better, healthier and longer life. O OUR COUNTRY ​ Bangladesh i s our country. She came into existence on the 16th of December, 1971. The soil, the sky, the wind, in fact, everything of this country is very dear to me. Bangladesh is an over populated country. Abut 114 million people live in this country. The Muslims, the Hindus, the Buddhists and the Christians are notable among them. They live here in peace and amity. She is an agricultural country. Her soil is very fertile. Jute is the important cash-crop of Bangladesh. Wheat, rice, oil-seeds, tobacco etc are also produced here. Bangladesh is a land of rivers. She is rich in river wealth and raw materials. She exports fish to different countries and earns much foreign exchange. Dhaka, the most populated city in the country, is the capital of B angladesh. Chittagong and Chalna are important sea-ports of this land. Bangladesh is a picturesque land. She has six seasons. Much of the beauty of the country is contributed by numerous trees of different sizes. Flowers are the special gift of nature in Bangladesh. They lend colour, smell beauty and charm to the land. Bangladesh though was once a country of plenty and affluence, has lost much of the wealth as time has passed on. However I love my country with all my heart. ​ OUR SCHOOL LIBRARY ​ Our school is blessed with a wonderful library. It has so many books that it seems impossible to count them. There are long lines of shelves and cupboards containing books on a variety of subjects. In the reading room, there are many long tables with chairs and a little placard with the word ‘SILENCE’ written on it, for a library is a place of peace and quiet. On a table there are magazines of all kinds, in English and Bengali. There are newspapers as well. When a student wants to borrow a book from the library, he chooses the book and takes it to the librarian. The librarian stamps it and notes the name of the child, the book and the date on which it is taken. The librarian is a trained and qualified person. He helps the children to select good books and keeps the library in perfect order. A place of peace and silence, the library is a storehouse of books written beautifully by well-known authors. It is well stocked with storybooks too. The true function of our school library is to make us aware of good and wholesome books that will widen our knowledge and help us grow up intellectually. ​ ​ *OUR SCHOOL MAGAZINE ​ Every school publishes a magazine once a year. Similarly a school magazine is also published in our school every year. It is the mirror of a school that reflects the idea and progress of our school. It is the reflection of our latent talents. We, the students of our school publish the school magazine annually with the help of our teachers. There is a magazine committee. There are members both from the students and the teachers on the committee. The magazine is the outcome of the labour of all these members. It contains stories, poems, articles, jokes, short play etc both in Bengali and English. These are written by the students as well as the teachers. The expenditure of the magazine is provided mainly by the money that is collected from selling space in the magazine for advertisements. The school magazine increases our knowledge and sharpens our power of thinking and reasoning. It inspires us to express our potentialities and we work hand in hand. In a word, the school magazine is a training ground for us in case of co-operation and literary activities. ​ OUR School ​ A school is an institution for upbringing and guiding the younger generation. I’m a student of ‘Y’ school. It is idealized by all the necessary things of education. It was founded in 1899. It is located in the heart of the city. The school is not very far from my residence. It is a three storied building. There are thirty five rooms. Of them thirty spacious and airy rooms are used as classrooms. Morning shift and day shift divide the school times into two shifts. The school sits at 7:30 am and breaks up at 4:30 pm. There are about 2500 students and 55 teachers in our school. The Headmaster is a very learned person with M.A.M.Ed. He methodically administers the school with efficient teachers. Besides the class rooms, there are the Headmaster’s room, teacher’s room, the office room and the hall room. The library and the prayer room are situated in another building beside the main building. There is a very big ground where we play different games in the break. Our school is one of the leading ideal schools of the country. Many prominent men are trained here. I always take pride of being a student of such a renowned institution. ​ The Curse of Over-Population ​ Over-population is a great curse of a country. Too big population of a country in proportion to its assets and land area is-called population explosion (over­population). But population is one of the principal elements of a country. Productive and skilled population is a great asset and blessing of a nations. But illiterate, unproduc'Livo or unskilled population is a great curse and burden to a country. Any over-loaded motor vehicle gets an accident at any moment and an over-loaded boat or launch also sinks at any moment. Similarly, an over populated land is burdened with various alarming problems. It is obvious () that Bangladesh is an over-populated land in Asia having too big population. About 950 people live per square kilometre. It is illiteracy which is the root cause of this alarming problem. Social superstition is the another root cause of this severe problem in our country. Mass unawareness (Ttctwz"!) is also a major cause of it. Gender discrimination is another prime cause of population explosion. This alarming issue commits various sinful acts, crimes, offences and corruptions in the society. It is also causes deforestation which brings about various natural catastrophes and disasters ( ~ -,c4lf e fa-*) in our land. It is the root cause of our food problem, unemployment problem, transport problem, traffic jam, load-sheding etc. Over population can be overcome by controlling birth rate, removing illiteracy and social superstitions, by banning early marriage, by driving away gender discrimination and by creating mass awareness and more job facilities. If we fail to control this panic problem, our all development efforts (06t) and plans will be fruitless ​ P Pahela Baishakh: A token of Bengali identity Pahela Baishakh is one of our festival days. In our Bengali year we celebrate Pahela Baishakh on the first Baishakh every year. The day is celebrated with traditional festivities across the country. On this day different types of people of different social classes come out from their respective residence and enjoy the carnival enthusiastically and publicly because it is a public holiday. Traders and shopkeepers open halkhata (fresh account books) and offer sweets to their customers and clients with a view to satisfying them keeping the age-old tradition. Children, young, adults, aged —– all people of both male and female look forward to celebrating this day with great hope and aspiration. At the very dawn they go outside to celebrate Pahela Baishakh eating panta vath. Most of the girls adorn themselves wearing fresh dress and flowers in their locks. Young and adult boys like to sing with the traditional musical instruments like ektara, dotara, bamboo-flute, sarinda etc. and somebody likes to wear mask of different things. Different socio-cultural organisations draw up elaborate programmes to celebrate Pahela Baishakh. The day’s first programme begins at dawn at Ramna Batamul where Chhayanat, a leading cultural organisation, organises it. Bangla Academy, Shilpakala Academy, Bulbul Lalitakala Academy, Jatiya Press Club, Liberation War Museum, Bangladesh National Museum, Institute of Fine Arts of Dhaka University and many other organisations bring out colourful processions with festoons, placards, posters, banners, masks etc. Bangladesh Betar, BTV, ETV telecast different lively programmes describing and showing the festival activities of Pahela Baishakh. We can’t but memorise this day with great pleasure every year singing together —- “Esho hei Baishakh Esho hei Baishakh” ​ AN IMPORTANT PERSON WHOM I LIKE MOST A good teacher is a blessing upon the students who have the fortune to get acquainted with. I have an experience of having close touch with such an important person. He is our English teacher, Mr.-----. He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that he is a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. So, I like him most. ​ Banning of Polythene Bags: A step to avert hazard ​ The menace of polythene is regarded as a threat to our environment because it cannot be burned or destroyed. It is a matter of congratulation that Bangladesh Government has banned polythene bags at length. People were demanding to stop the production, uses and black-marketing of polythene bags. At last in a meeting, presided over by the Prime Minister in the presence of the Environment and Forest Minister, this decision was taken. In this decision it was banned firstly from Dhaka City from 01 January 2002 and from 01 March from the whole country. On an average, 6 million polythene bags were being used everyday only in Dhaka City. About eighty percent of these bags were thrown out into dustbin. Forty percent of these polythene bags find their way into the drain, sewerage line and manhole. As polythene remains unchanged like a strong curtain through which nothing can pass, the dirty water of drains and manhole is overflowed. As aresult, water clogs stagnantly in different places. About 5 million pieces of jute-bags were marketed as alternative immediate after the banning of polythene bags. These bags cost five to seven taka per piece. BJMC also delivers jute bags costing taka two only. After a few days multitude bags are marketed. People are now able to carry these bags in pocket. All types of polythene bags have many disadvantages. It cannot be mixed with soil and thus the fertility of cultivable land is lessened. It spreads skin diseases and causes harm to nutrition of trees. Besides, air is polluted while burning these polythene bags. It also causes some serious chronic diseases like tuberculosis and cancer. We should avoid using as well as producing polythene bags as early as possible with a view to liberating our natural environment from their disadvantages. The specialists think that it may take time to ensure not using the polythene bags anywhere. Now it has been a burning question for us all that we should stop the production, uses and marketing of polythene bags for our own betterment as soon as possible. PASTIMES The thing we do regularly for enjoymentrather than work is called pastime. In other words, pastime means one's activities in one's leisure. It differs from place to place. In our country pastime varies in respect of locality.-In the village, we see men pass their leisure by chatting. They also indulge in some games and sports, namely ha-du-du, boat race, kiting etc. Some village people have their pastimes by doing social activities. Some take part in cultural activities like 'Jatra', 'Jari-gan' etc. In the town, we see people have their pastimes by taking part in the discussion on political issues at tea-stalls. In this scientific era, their pastimes have changed. They are fond of spending their leisure before television. They watch programmes of different satellite channels. The younger generation are very much fond of cricket and hence they prefer sports channels. The women in the city area are fond of watching drama and films on television. The Chinese spend their time with their family members in parks. The Japanese love sports and spend their time in playing baseball, golf and practising martial arts. Students spend their leisure in English clubs or art clubs or doing skate boarding. Thus pastimes vary from region to region. The pastimes which are common all over the world are watching television, reading novels, collecting stamps, sight seeing, gardening, walking, gossiping, fishing, going on picnics etc. I have a keen interest in photography. That is why it is my favourite pastime. Pastimes Pastime refers to one's hobby or work during one's free time. It is not one's main business. Pastimes vary from person to person, society to society and country to country. In our country the village people pass their leisures by gossiping, playing outdoor and indoor games, fishing, boating, swimming, gardening, visiting neighbours and relatives and joining village cultural functions and by watching 'IV programmes. The city dwellers spend their free time by joining clubs, visiting parks, zoos, museums, international fairs and historical spots. They also enjoy their free time by swimming, boating and fishing in the big lakes, by reading magazines, newspapers and books, 1.y watching international sporting events at the stadium and travelling and gardening. Our children and the young community have a great fondness and interestfor band and pop music. The Chinese enjoy their pastimes by visiting parks and watching TV programmes at evening. Playing baseball, golf and practising martial arts are the popular pastimes in Japan. The Germans are fond of passing their leisures by travelling, walking, hiking, dancing, visiting families and friends. In Canada skiing, hiking, snow boarding, hunting, camping, bird watching, fishing, boating and swimming in large lakes or sea-beaches are common pastimes. Today watching TV programmes is the most common pastime all over the world. The value of pastimes is very great in our life. It helps to remove the monotony of routine life and keeps our mind cheerful and playful. I am a college student. I pass my leisures by travelling and by reading magazines and newspapers. One's life become dismal and cheerless if one does not enjoy one's free time and holidays properly. ​ PASTTIME//LEISURE ​ Man’s life is usually bound by routine. Pastime affords an opportunity to escape out of the prison or routine and breathe the tonic air of freedom. This, therefore, is always a source of joy whenever it comes. . Pastime is the sweetest of moments when a man has nothing to do. . Pastime is also important for the progress of civilisation. It is the basis of all culture. During pastime a person is his own master and can dispose of his time according to his own sweet will. In other words, it is a time when the mind is relaxed, and the body is at rest. Sometimes it becomes a problem to find out the way to get leisure. As a remedy for this, it is necessary for all of us to cultivate some hobby. Some people like to play cards, some to watch films, others to go shopping or visiting friends. Those who love the air of the countryside may surrender to the joy of standing out in the open and feed their sense with the sights and sounds that create beauty and music all around them. Yet there are others who just like to settle down with a good book. Whatever the concept of pastime is, one must derive enjoyment and happiness from it. Practising the hobbies during pastime time our minds may have rest and relaxation. Thus leisure is the essence of life. Early Marriage/ Premature Marriage/Child Marriage ​ Early marriage is an act of getting married at a tender age when the individual is not fully mature to take responsible or not reaching the proper adult age. In Bangladesh the legal age for marriage is 21 for boys and 18 for girls. Despite this legislation, the average age for marriage of girls is 16.4 years. We find that illiteracy, poverty, selfish attitude, unconsciousness, religious misinterpretation, superstitions, social customs, discriminatory attitude towards girls, wrong idea about girls education, dowry system, etc. are some of the causes of premature marriage. Early marriage is seen as a way to “protect” a girl’s sexuality in an unsafe environment. The effects of premature marriage are, no doubt, harmful for health and mind of a female child. The girls cannot adjust with the new environment of their in-law’s house. They cannot serve their husbands’ families properly. In such a condition of their health, weak baby is born with different complications. As a result, it leads to family conflict and misunderstanding. Sometimes, premature marriage leads to divorce, suicide, and unnatural death. To encourage female education and to discourage early marriage our government has taken some positive steps, such as giving stipends to girls, recruiting more female teachers etc. To prevent thispunishable offense, the conscious people should come forward. The parents should be made aware of the bad effects of premature marriage. Different mass media can play an important role in solving the problem. Early marriage perpetuates an unequal society, increasing female vulnerability, powerlessness and assetlessness, as well as restricting personal and psychological development and having hazardous health effects. To sum up, because of negative effect on young people’s development as well as marriage itself, people should not get married early. ​ ​ PHYSICAL EXERCISE Physical exercise is regulated exertion of the limbs for their balanced development. It is as much important as nourishing food and recuperative rest. By taking regular physical exercise a man can invigorate his body and refreshes his mind. It makes a man strong and stout. It keeps the body and mind sound. A man with sound health is really happy. He can enjoy the world. He can take part in any work with happy mood. Physical exercise makes a man active, energetic and free from diseases. It brings all the muscles into play and strengthens them all. There are many kinds of games and sports, each of which is a good form of physical exercise. Some of them are cricket, football, walking, racing, rowing, riding on horseback, gymnastics and drills. Some people don’t take care of taking physical exercise because they cannot appreciate the importance of this. They should know that physical exercise helps a man possess sound health. They are not to suffer from various diseases if they are take physical exercise. So, we must realise the importance of physical exercise in our life. ​ ​ A PICNIC I HAVE ENJOYED RECENTLY ​ A picnic is a pleasant pastime to break the monotony life. During the last Autumn holidays we enjoyed a picnic at Sitakunda. For the purpose, subscriptions of all the friends were collected and we hired a bus. We did all the shopping of rice, meat, chickens, spices, bread, eggs, banana, cold-drinks and so on. We also bought films for the cameras. On the scheduled morning we set out at 8 o’clock. It was a pleasant journey. We sang all the way to the spot, many of us cut jokes and we all burst out laughing. The spot was of scenic beauty surrounded by large trees with branches spreading to provide cool shade. We had our snacks. Some of us sat to prepare out dinner. There were lakes and hills. We ran up and down and it gave us immense pleasure. At midday our dinner was ready. We had a grand feast with different types of curry followed by sweets. Though the cooking was of no high order, yet our keen appetite made everything tasteful. After our lunch we sat together to enjoy a little function of fun. Before dusk we set off for home. It was a pleasant return journey. At last we reached home safe and sound. It was really a memorable day of my life. ​ Physical Exercise Exercise of different parts of the body is said to be physical exercise. This is essential for keeping the body fit. There is a glaring proverb, "A sound mind in a sound body". That is, if the body is unsound, the mind must be unsound too. Indeed it is not possible to keep good health without proper physical exercise. It makes our muscles strong and active. It gives us immense pleasure and energy. It increases the power of digestion. It also keeps the body free from manifold diseases. In order to maintain good health, we have to take regular physical exercise. But physical exercise must be well regulated, systematic and balanced. Again, exercise after food is not suitable for health. There are different types of exercise, such as - walking, swimming, riding, rowing and jogging are the most common form of exercises. Games and sports particularly, outdoor games like Football, volley-ball, basket ball, badminton, and cricket meet the demand of physical exercise. Physical exercise keeps our body fit as well as offers ample opportunity for our longevity in this world. So, everyone should take physical exercise regularly. ​ A PICNIC I HAVE ATTENDED RECENTLY ​ A picnic is a pleasant pastime to break the monotony life. During the last Autumn holidays we enjoyed a picnic at Sitakunda. For the purpose, subscriptions of all the friends were collected and we hired a bus. We did all the shopping of rice, meat, chickens, spices, bread, eggs, banana, cold-drinks and so on. We also bought films for the cameras. On the scheduled morning we set out at 8 o’clock. It was a pleasant journey. We sang all the way to the spot, many of us cut jokes and we all burst out laughing. The spot was of scenic beauty surrounded by large trees with branches spreading to provide cool shade. We had our snacks. Some of us sat to prepare out dinner. There were lakes and hills. We ran up and down and it gave us immense pleasure. At midday our dinner was ready. We had a grand feast with different types of curry followed by sweets. Though the cooking was of no high order, yet our keen appetite made everything tasteful. After our lunch we sat together to enjoy a little function of fun. Before dusk we set off for home. It was a pleasant return journey. At last we reached home safe and sound. It was really a memorable day of my life. A PICNIC I HAVE ENJOYED RECENTLY A picnic is a pleasant pastime to break the monotony life. During the last Autumn holidays we enjoyed a picnic at Sitakunda. For the purpose, subscriptions of all the friends were collected and we hired a bus. We did all the shopping of rice, meat, chickens, spices, bread, eggs, banana, cold-drinks and so on. We also bought films for the cameras. On the scheduled morning we set out at 8 o’clock. It was a pleasant journey. We sang all the way to the spot, many of us cut jokes and we all burst out laughing. The spot was of scenic beauty surrounded by large trees with branches spreading to provide cool shade. We had our snacks. Some of us sat to prepare out dinner. There were lakes and hills. We ran up and down and it gave us immense pleasure. At midday our dinner was ready. We had a grand feast with different types of curry followed by sweets. Though the cooking was of no high order, yet our keen appetite made everything tasteful. After our lunch we sat together to enjoy a little function of fun. Before dusk we set off for home. It was a pleasant return journey. At last we reached home safe and sound. It was really a memorable day of my life. ​ A picnic you attended ​ During the last Winter vacation we enjoyed a picnic. It was a fine morning. I with five of my friends started for the journey at 8.00 a.m. We reached our expected place, Rangamati at 11.00 a.m. We had our cooking arrangements with us. We had also playthings and musical-instruments. Reaching there, all of us cooked the food. At midday our lunch was ready. We then sat together and ate to our fill, though the cooking was of no high order. After finishing our lunch, we cleaned the utensils and packed them into the baskets. We sang songs and played games. We roamed around here and there and saw many attractive things. The natural scenery of Rangamati beggars description. That is, we became spell-bound seeing the natural beauty of Rangamati. The setting sun was very beautiful to look at. At 5.30 p.m. we left the place and started for home with merriment. The memory of this journey will remain ever fresh in my heart. ​ A PORTER A porter is a familiar figure in the railway station, at a bus stop, at a ‘ferry ghat’ or at a big market. He is strong and active. He is swift in moment. He has enough strength to carry heavy loads. He carries luggage and bedding of the passengers or the things bought by people. In a railway station he loads and unloads the goods train. He is very clever. He knows the art of exploiting his clients. When there is a crisis of porters he demands a much higher charge. He is not gentle but quarrelsome. He likes to bargain with the passengers for his charge. When there is higgling no other porter comes to the passenger. In this respect there is unity among the porters. Sometimes the passengers are harassed by the porter and his associates. In market places the porters are comparatively gentle in nature. There is not much scope to cheat people here. His work is hard and difficult but his income is very low. He has to live with his family from hand to mouth. His service to people is very great indeed. ​ A PORTER ​ A porter is a familiar figure in the railway station, at a bus stop, at a ‘ferry ghat’ or at a big market. He is strong and active. He is swift in moment. He has enough strength to carry heavy loads. He carries luggage and bedding of the passengers or the things bought by people. In a railway station he loads and unloads the goods train. He is very clever. He knows the art of exploiting his clients. When there is a crisis of porters he demands a much higher charge. He is not gentle but quarrelsome. He likes to bargain with the passengers for his charge. When there is higgling no other porter comes to the passenger. In this respect there is unity among the porters. Sometimes the passengers are harassed by the porter and his associates. In market places the porters are comparatively gentle in nature. There is not much scope to cheat people here. His work is hard and difficult but his income is very low. He has to live with his family from hand to mouth. His service to people is very great indeed. ​ ADVANTAGE OF PHYSICAL LABOUR ​ Physical labour is essential for our health. Those who are negligent and idle in doing their physical labour cannot prosper in life. Their lives become burden to them. There are a lot of advantages of physical labour. Physical labour makes our lives prosperous. It turns our hopes into reality. It takes us to the pinnacle of success. It brings smile on our face. It helps us to enjoy the bliss of life. Actually, physical labour plays a very substantial role in making our lives efficacious and pithy. Through physical labour we can have a nice appetite and have a good digestion and which help us to keep our body fit and strong. And our minds become cheerful and active. Apart from this, physical labour helps us to increase the power of antibody of our healthy. Therefore, through physical labour we can easily keep our body free from the attack of any severe disease. In fact, physical labour assists us to enjoy a sound health which is the precondition of leading an enjoyable life. In fine, we have to admit that the advantage of physical labour in our lives beyond description. ​ ADVANTAGE OF PHYSICAL WORKS ​ The works which are done with physical labour, considered as physical works. Physical work is a part and parcel of the existence of human beings. Those who are negligent and idle in doing their physical work cannot prosper in life. Their lives become burden to them. There are a lot of advantages of physical works. Physical works make our lives prosperous. It turns our hopes into reality. It takes us to the pinnacle of success. It brings smile on our face. It helps us to enjoy the bliss of life. Actually, physical works play a very substantial role in making our lives efficacious and pithy. Through physical works we can have a nice appetite and have a good digestion and which help us to keep our body fit and strong. And our minds become cheerful and active. Apart from this, physical works help us to increase the power of antibody of our healthy. Therefore, through physical works we can easily keep our body free from the attack of any severe disease. In fact, physical works assist us to enjoy a sound health which is the precondition of leading an enjoyable life. In fine, we have to admit that the advantage of physical works in our lives is beyond description. ​ ​ PASTTIME//LEISURE Man’s life is usually bound by routine. Pastime affords an opportunity to escape out of the prison or routine and breathe the tonic air of freedom. This, therefore, is always a source of joy whenever it comes. . Pastime is the sweetest of moments when a man has nothing to do. . Pastime is also important for the progress of civilisation. It is the basis of all culture. During pastime a person is his own master and can dispose of his time according to his own sweet will. In other words, it is a time when the mind is relaxed, and the body is at rest. Sometimes it becomes a problem to find out the way to get leisure. As a remedy for this, it is necessary for all of us to cultivate some hobby. Some people like to play cards, some to watch films, others to go shopping or visiting friends. Those who love the air of the countryside may surrender to the joy of standing out in the open and feed their sense with the sights and sounds that create beauty and music all around them. Yet there are others who just like to settle down with a good book. Whatever the concept of pastime is, one must derive enjoyment and happiness from it. Practising the hobbies during pastime time our minds may have rest and relaxation. Thus leisure is the essence of life. ​ A Postman ​ One who delivers letters, parcels, money-orders, telegrams etc. from door to door is called a postman. He generally puts on a khaki uniform. We know him from a distance. He always carries a bag full of letters, money-orders or parcels. He is a very reliable person. The duties and responsibilities of a postman are many. He has to work in his area from door to door as well as in his office. He sorts the letters according to the locations of the houses of the recipients. After that he puts them in his bag in a planned way. Then he goes out to deliver them from door to door. He has to maintain a record in case of registered letters, parcels and money-orders. He has to take the signatures of the addressee. He is a messenger of fate. He brings us both good and bad news. Yet he is welcomed by all. In fact, the life of a postman is miserable. He passes his days in a very simple way. Still he has to be honest and responsible. We should take care of a postman and his honesty should be rewarded. In fact, the postman is a real friend of our society. ​ ​ POPULATION GROWTH IN BANGLADESH Explosion of population is rightly identified as the number one national problem. The baby boom every year has become worrying. Bangladesh is small country but her population is great. The area of Bangladesh is about 55 thousand square miles, and it has a population of about 130 million. About 2000 people live per square mile. It means Bangladesh is one of the densely populated countries in the world. There are more people than there is food and space for them. Our population is growing in an alarming rate. The growth rate of Bangladesh is 27 per thousand. It is obviously a very high rate. Our population depends on cultivable land. But on an average, each person has 0.1 hectares of cultivable land. This cannot even produce enough crops to provide the bare necessaries for their existence. Besides, the additional people that are born every year need many additional things. So population growth in Bangladesh is undoubtedly a very great problem. PRICE-HIKE Price-hike is a serious ban to the economy of a country. In the recent times, Prices of essential commodities, including rice, sugar, flour and edible oil are on high rise due to the imbalance challenge of Globalization as well as the curse of nature. It is rising so rapidly and suddenly that the common people have nothing to do but be at a loss going to market. The prices of rice, sugar, flour and edible oil increased while that of fish and vegetables marked a declining trend in the markets. Particularly the poor and the people of fixed income are the worst victim of this situation. Dishonest businessmen take the benefit of this situation and these sorts of businessmen are mainly responsible for this kind of horrible condition which certainly possesses threat to our domestic economy. Besides, there are some logical reasons behind this unexpected price hike though these can be removed by taking adequate preventive steps. The prices of the essential commodities have gone beyond the capacity of the general people. Some corporations like: BSTI, Anti Corruption Branch, RAB, POLICE are working on it. The authority concerned should have been informed to control the situation at any time at any cost. ​ PRICE HIKE OF ESSENTIAL COMMODITIES There was a big price hike of essentials in Bangladesh in the months of September and October. We all experienced it in the market while shopping. All the newspapers of the country published the news with great concern. The hike was a widely talked about subject everywhere in Bangladesh. The prices of almost all the essential commodities rose beyond the reach of the poor and the middle class people. The most expensive items were vegetables, specially brinjal and green chilli. The price hike was caused by the prolonged untimely flood in the country. The holy month of Ramadan also contributed a lot to it, because people, during this month, try to buy and consume some of these items more than in other months. The flood had damaged our crops and disrupted rail and road communication. This also worsened the problem. Some dishonest businessmen made the best use of the situation. They earned illegal and immoral profits at the cost of our suffering. The common people, who always bear the brunt of price hike, reacted patiently. They knew that they were helpless. I felt for the poor people, but I had nothing to do. The government formed monitoring cells to control the price hike. The law enforcing agencies were deployed to fight corruption. Import of essentials was encouraged by the government through tax-cuts. But nothing seemed to prove fruitful. The rich and the business class should come forward to ensure proper distribution of the commodities. Now we should do research work to overcome price hikes in future. PRIZE GIVING CEREMONY OF MY COLLEGE The last prize giving ceremony of our college is still very fresh in my memory. It was held on the first week of February last year. The DC of our district had consented to preside over the occasion. We decorated our college premises with flowers and festoons. When the DC arrived he was accorded guard of honour by the BNCC of our college. The proceedings began with the holy Quran Telawat. Then our national anthem was sung when all of us kept standing up. The principal read out his annual report. He recalled the progress that had been carried through during the past years, the achievements of our present and ex-students in various fields of activity. Then the main ceremony began. The principal called each recipient of award by name, announced the subject in which the award was made and the place of honour he occupied. I got two prizes -one for my standing first in the last annual examination and the other in sports. When the prizes were awarded, the cheering crowd greeted the recipients with applause which was loud enough to be heard miles away. With the complimentary speech of the president, the function came to an end. When I remember the day I feel very happy and wish to have the day again so that I can get prizes. ​ PUNCTUALITY ​ Punctuality means the habit of doing a thing at the right time. A punctual man gets ample time in his life. He can do many things. A punctual student learns his lessons in time and finds no difficulty in the examination. He never lags behind in the class. He can follow his lessons from beginning to end. It saves his time. He has not to labour so much. He need not work hard at the time of examination. He makes a better performance with a minimum amount of labour. Punctuality crowns him with brilliant success in life. An unpunctual man is an enemy to himself. He is a nuisance to everyone. He is disliked by all. He suffers for that. If he gives word to his friends and cannot keep it, he may lose his friends. An unpunctual clerk loses his job. An unpunctual man cannot even say his prayers in time. The habit of punctuality requires long careful training. So the habit should be practised quite early in life. Once the habit is formed its utility will be apparent in every sphere of life. So let us develop the habit of punctuality so that we can do the maximum work within the span of life. ​ POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. Three things ---- objects, forces and conditions together make our environment. It includes both natural and man-made objects, forces and conditions. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution and then life becomes difficult or impossible. Every year millions of people all over the world die unnecessary as a result of pollution. These unfortunate and avoidable deaths are brought about by four specific factors. Firstly, air pollution from factories, burning trash and vehicle fumes cause pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Then, water pollution from industrial discharge, the indiscriminate disposal to toxic chemicals and the dumping of human waste into rivers and canals causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. The next factor is the noise pollution from vehicle horns and microphones that might cause aggression and damage hearing. Again, odour pollution from dumped or untreated human waste causes serious discomfort to our sense of smell, and attracts disease-bearing creatures such as rats and flies. Soil pollution is also another important aspect. Factory waste, nuclear explosion, oil etc pollute the soil. Polluted soil can’t grow crops. We should bear in mind that if the environment is polluted, none of us will remain safe. We should take determined action to control these problems and clean up the environment to avert these unnecessary diseases. R A Railway Station: A terminal for passengers A railway platform/station is the place where trains stop at and depart from. The passengers get on and get off a train from a railway station/platform. It usually occupies a large area. A railway station has a platform. However a big railway station has a number of platforms. Platforms are often covered with huge tin-shed. If there are more than one platform, an over-bridge connects them. In a railway station/platform there are some rooms too, namely station master’s room, waiting room, restaurant, go-down, booking office, ticket counter. There are some benches in the rail way station/platform for the convenience of the travelling passengers. One can also see some stalls in a row selling cheaper kinds of books, newspapers, magazines etc. snacks and tea and even stationary goods. Besides, a large number of hawkers can be seen busily moving from passengers to passengers with cigarettes, betel leaf, bread, chanachur etc. We find some beggars, thieves, swindlers and pickpockets in that place too. A railway platform/ station becomes very busy when a train arrives. Whistles of the train, rustling sound of the engine, movements of the passengers in a hurry, shouts of the hawkers and porters make the railway station/platform full of din and bustle. When the train whistles away, the station becomes calm and quiet. All these pictures taken together remind us of the famous line of the poet, “Man may come and man may go, I go on forever”. This coming and going sustain the flow of life. Of course, a railway station/platform is a very busy and important place. ​ A RAINY DAY In the rainy season sometimes, it so happens that it rains all day long. On such a day the sky remains overcast with clouds. The weather becomes foul. The sun is not seen. Sometimes it drizzles, sometimes it pitters-patters and some times it pours down heavily. The unmetalled roads become muddy and slippery. Water stands on them here and there. None can go out without an umbrella. People walk along the roads with shoes in hand and clothes folded up. The cattle are kept in their sheds. Birds remain sitting on trees. People in general have nothing to do. Poor day labourers suffer much. They cannot go out to work. The people working in offices take the trouble of going to offices in the rain. But such a day is most welcome to the school goers. They do not care to go to school taking some troubles. It is a day full of thoughts and memories to a poet. He or she loves to hear songs and gets lost in his or her thoughts. Though a rainy day is a dull day, it is a blessing after the scorching heat of summer. So the day is welcomed by all. ​ Causes and Effects of Road Accident ​ Road transport in Bangladesh is very popular for various reasons, but the condition of Bangladesh roads is very poor and deplorable. The rate at road-accidents and fatality in the country is very high. Pressure on roads has been on increase and the number of vehicles is increasing by leaps and bounds. Overloading is one of the major factors of road- accidents and deaths. Driving licenses are given on illegal gratifications to the authorities and traffic rules and regulations are thrown to the winds. Lack of road-sense has further complicated the matters. The condition of the vehicles is hardly found road-worthy. The unmanned railway level- crossings further add to the chaos and confusion. The multiplicity of authorities and utter lack of coordination among them is another great source of worry. Drug-abuse and addiction by drivers is another major cause of accidents. The ever increasing use of mobile phones has posed a new challenge to road-safety. lmmediate and effective steps should be taken to check the ever increasing number of road-accidents and death. The effects can be anything from a dent to death, of the drivers, passengers, and occupants of other cars or pedestrians, damage to vehicles. It can be financial loss, psychological, punishment by law or death also. To prevent these accidents, it is imperative that effective long and short term measures are immediately taken. Roads should be properly maintained and looked after. There should be multi-lane roads wherever necessary. There should be separate tracks for slow moving vehicles from those of fast and very fast moving vehicles. There should be an effective check on speed of the vehicles. Violation of traffic rules should be strictly dealt with. Grant of driving licenses and permits to vehicles should be properly streamlined. Those driving under the influence of drugs and alcohol should be given exemplary punishment and their licenses cancelled. ​ A RAILWAY PORTER One can be certain to find a porter visiting a railway station. One can easily spot him in a crowd as he wears his uniform and is seen carrying luggage from one platform to another. A railway porter is a familiar figure in a railway station. He is in his uniform. He always bears his registration number. He generally moves around and looks for passengers who might need his help. When the train arrives he becomes very busy, moves from this compartment to that one in search of luggage of the passengers. Generally a porter is a healthy person and expert in carrying goods and luggage. He has always a piece of cloth with him for putting the goods on his head. A railway porter knows very well about the railway timing and helps the passengers. He most of the time wants to get more from the passengers beyond the fixed rate. A porter generally obeys the command of the leader, ‘the sardar’. A railway porter works very hard to make a living. He is not rich and, at times, he and his family have to face many hardships. Sometimes, in spite of working for many days, they still find it difficult to make ends meet. We should realise how hard his job really is. So, everyone of us should be kind and thoughtful towards him. ​ A RAILWAY PORTER ​ One can be certain to find a porter visiting a railway station. One can easily spot him in a crowd as he wears his uniform and is seen carrying luggage from one platform to another. A railway porter is a familiar figure in a railway station. He is in his uniform. He always bears his registration number. He generally moves around and looks for passengers who might need his help. When the train arrives he becomes very busy, moves from this compartment to that one in search of luggage of the passengers. Generally a porter is a healthy person and expert in carrying goods and luggage. He has always a piece of cloth with him for putting the goods on his head. A railway porter knows very well about the railway timing and helps the passengers. He most of the time wants to get more from the passengers beyond the fixed rate. A porter generally obeys the command of the leader, ‘the sardar’. A railway porter works very hard to make a living. He is not rich and, at times, he and his family have to face many hardships. Sometimes, in spite of working for many days, they still find it difficult to make ends meet. We should realise how hard his job really is. So, everyone of us should be kind and thoughtful towards him. ​ A RAILWAY STATION A railway station is a halting place for trains. There are normally a station building, a big shed and a platform in a railway station. The station-building is used for booking office, ticket counter, station master’s office, waiting rooms etc. There are tea-stalls, book-stalls and moving shops in a railway station. A few wooden or concrete benches are a common sight in a railway station. Coloured posters, advertisement etc are displayed on the walls of a railway station. The rail-lines run by the one side of a railway station and on the other, there is a bus or rickshaw stop for the passenger of different places to start from. A railway station is a place for people to start or end journey. It looks busy when the trains arrive. Passengers remain busy to catch trains or get down from trains. Railway porters become busy to find a job. The rail police, ticket checkers, station master --- all become busy with their specific responsibilities. It becomes a place of great din and bustle with the rush of passengers, the whistle of the trains, the roar of engine, the conversations of people and what not. ​ THE LIFE OF A RICKSHAW PULLER A person who pulls rickshaw for earning his livelihood is called a rickshaw puller. A rickshaw puller is a common sight on the streets of our towns and cities. They are mostly found crowding at corners of roads, near stations, cinema halls etc. They draw the attention of passengers by ringing bells or shouting. Most of the rickshaw pullers are so poor that they have no rickshaw of their own. They hire rickshaws from the rickshaw owners. What they earn a day is given to the owners at a fixed rate. A rickshaw puller is hard working and always punctual. He pulls the rickshaw from dawn to late hours at night. He is careless of the sun, rain or heat and cold. He maintains his family with the small income he earns daily. Sometimes he is to starve when he fails to get a rickshaw on hire. He puts on poor and shabby dress. Since he earns a small income, he has to eat less and so he is of ill health. He can hardly meet his both ends. He leads a very miserable life. A rickshaw puller is indeed, an important person in times of our need. Concerted efforts should be launched to improve the lifestyle of the rickshaw pullers. ​ A Railway Station A railway station is a halting and starting place for the trains. In the railway station, there are booking room, station master's room, ticket counters and waiting rooms both for men and women. Some permanent shops and restaurants are also found in a railway station. It has a platform for passengers to get down and to get into the trains. When a train is scheduled to come in a railway station, it becomes a busy and noisy place. A few minutes before the arrival of the train, the station bell rings. Passengers stand in a line to collect tickets. The booking clerk becomes busy in selling tickets. The hawkers try to entertain the passengers by selling bread, banana, betel-leaf, cigarettes, magazines and papers. The porters are busy taking out luggage. In almost every station there is a book stall where one can buy a magazine or a newspaper or any other book. When the train comes into the station, it becomes noisier. Train doors become crowded. Passengers jostle and wrestle with one another to get into the train and to get off it. The station bell rings once more, the green flag of the guard is hoisted and waved, the train leaves the station. After departure of the train, the station becomes calm, quiet and lifeless again. ​ A Rainy Day ​ A rainy day is a day when it rains all day long continuously Bangladesh is a dream land having six seasons. The rainy season is one of them. So a rainy day is very common to the people of Bangladesh. The sky remains cloudy. The sun is not seen on the day. The day is dull and gloomy. The weather is foul on a rainy day. Sometimes it rains heavily. Roads become muddy and slippery .So people can't move freely and easily from one place to another. They need an umbrella. An umbrella is the only companion of the people in a rainy day. Birds stay in their nests and cattle keep standing in their sheds. A rainy day is a great curse to the day labourers, the slum dwellers, the rootless and the poor. They can not go out the doors in search of works. As a result, they pass a rainy day with starvation. The student welcomes a rainy day because classes are not held on the day. The boys catch fish in a rainy day. The rich enjoy the day by playing indoor games and eating khichuri and rich dishes. Sometimes, a rainy day causes flood and damages crops. Since a rainy day is jobless, most people pass the day by gossiping ,playing indoor games, singing songs and telling interesting stories, jokes and riddles. After all , a rainy day gives us both joy and sorrow. After a rainy day, the nature becomes fresh and nice. ​

Board Questions Suggestion and Practice SSC 2023 Writing Skill English 1st Paper English 2nd Paper You can also read Pargraph Writing Important Pargraphs for Exam Application Important Applications for Exam Letter Writing Important Letters for Exam Story Writing Important Stories for Exam Graph, Chart, Diagram Describing Bar Graphs for Exam Pie Charts for Exam Dialogue Writing Important Dialogues for Exam Essay/Composition Writing Important Compositions for Exam Writing E-mail Important Informal E-mails for Exam Important formal E-mails for Exam CV with Cover Letter Report Writing Amplification Writing Notice Writing Purchase Order Writing Complaint Letter Writing

HSC English 1st Paper HSC English 1st Model Questions for 2024 HSC English 1st Model Questions Answers for 2024 English 1st Paper English 2nd Paper Board Questions Suggestion and Practice Sheet HSC VOCABULAY English For Today HSC 2024 FULL SYLLABUS CLICK ON THE LINK https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1QFiRZR2DBEYeFSvg3LwFNM0-1ZBEHGE_?usp=share_link HSC -English 1st Paper Full Syllabus English 1st Paper Q. No-1A MULTIIPLE CHOICE QUESTION Q. No-1B SHORT ANSWER QUESTION Q. No-2 FLOW CHART Q. No-3 SUMMARY WRITING Q. No-4 WITH CLUES Q. No-5 WTIHOUT CLUES Q. No-6 REARRANGING Q. No-7 PARGRAPH Q. No-8 COMPLEING STORY Q. No-9 EMAIL Q. No-10 GRAPH,CHART Q. No-11 THEME WRITING Writing Skills for Examination Pargraph Writing Paragraph Collections Application Letter Writing Story Writing Graph, Chart, Diagram Describing Dialogue Writing Essay/Composition Writing Essay/Composition Collections E-mail CV with Cover Letter Report Writing Amplification Writing Notice Writing Purchase Order Writing Complaint Letter Writing Important Pargraphs for Exam Important Applications for Exam Important Letters for Exam Important Stories for Exam Bar Graphs for Exam Pie Charts for Exam Important Dialogues for Exam Important Compositions for Exam Writing Important Informal E-mails for Exam Important formal E-mails for Exam CV with Cover Letter Report Writing Amplification Writing Notice Writing Purchase Order Writing Complaint Letter Writing

​ ​ ​ Anchor 1 Answer first paper ​ ​ English 2nd Paper ​ 2nd paper answer

VOCABULARY Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Without Clues With Clues With/Without Clues Rules Formal and Informal Vocabulary Proverbs for Examination Academic Vocabulary Collocations Collocation

Helvetica Light is an easy-to-read font, with tall and narrow letters, that works well on almost every site.

< Back This is a Title 03 This is placeholder text. To change this content, double-click on the element and click Change Content. This is placeholder text. To change this content, double-click on the element and click Change Content. Want to view and manage all your collections? Click on the Content Manager button in the Add panel on the left. Here, you can make changes to your content, add new fields, create dynamic pages and more. You can create as many collections as you need. Your collection is already set up for you with fields and content. Add your own, or import content from a CSV file. Add fields for any type of content you want to display, such as rich text, images, videos and more. You can also collect and store information from your site visitors using input elements like custom forms and fields. Be sure to click Sync after making changes in a collection, so visitors can see your newest content on your live site. Preview your site to check that all your elements are displaying content from the right collection fields. Previous Next

This page is dedicated to the exemplary writings of the students who have undertaken a Herculean task of transforming the conventional writing of general students into advanced level. Essay Question — You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic. ​ Bullying is a big problem in many schools. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. You should write at least 250 words. Answer — ​ One of the pressing concerns in today’s world, particularly among the youngsters, is that of bullying. It is truly an alarming issue and should be dealt with immediately in order to create harmony among the juveniles and to form a stronger bond among them. In this essay I will present some of the factors causing this issue and a few possible solutions to mitigate it. ​ One of the first reasons for which students in schools become bullies is that they feel isolated from the society which not only severely injures their mental health but also starts to form resentment in them. If a society is not inclusive, many young people will feel disconnected from its members including their peers and in order to vent out this frustration of theirs, they may resort to bullying in schools as it is easier for them to pick on others of the same age or younger. Making them feel more welcome, for example, is one of the solutions that can positively impact the mind of youngsters which will bring them to the realization that bullying is a heinous act. Schools can play a great role in this regard as they are a mini society themselves and a hub for social development and raising awareness. ​ Besides, these delinquents are also susceptible to peer pressure resulting in a negative impact on their character: making them arrogant, aggressive, rude, argumentative; all of which leads to conflict that develops into small fights and eventually ends up into bullying. These juveniles, in my opinion, are more of a need of counselling rather than punishment which may worsen the situation, and schools are the best places for students to receive it. Proper counselling can completely transform a bully into a person who not only refrain from bullying but also condemns bullying and plays an active role in abolishing such harassment from the school. ​ In a nutshell, there are as many solutions to abolishing bullying as there are factors that breed it. It is very important to deal with the matter in a progressive manner and resort to the correct solutions at the correct times in order to permanently drive it away. ​ ( This essay has been written by Shadman Rahman, a student of Bangladesh MHM school and College , Doha, Qatar) ​ ​ Global warming The world climate is an intriguing research subject for scientists all over the world and a major part of this research is concerning the phenomenon called “Global warming.” The steady rise of the atmospheric temperature over a long period of time due to the increased concentration of greenhouse gases is known as global warming. Global warming is unavoidable as it is caused by both man-made and natural factors, but the severity of this phenomenon can be controlled by taking necessary measures. Due to global warming extreme weather conditions persist for a longer period of time as well as the intensity is increased to life threatening levels. Furthermore, the natural flow of the ecosystem is disrupted due to the rising ocean acidity caused by the absorption of additional carbon dioxide from the air. Besides, unplanned deforestation not only accelerates global warming but also causes the extinction of various animal species. Air, water and soil is polluted to an incomprehensible extent and it directly affects the living condition of the people all around the world. The glaciers and ice caps are melting due to increased ocean temperature. As a result, the sea level is rising exponentially resulting in coastal erosion which inundates community and residential properties. Thus, it is seen that the lives of every living being is being endangered due to global warming. In order to put a halt to the consistent increase in temperature people need to reduce the use of fossil fuels. Because it is the main factor behind the excess emission of green-house gases and carbon dioxide. Also, different seminars and programs should be arranged to make people aware of the consequences of global warming. The government should encourage people to use renewable sources of energy by making it affordable and efficient for everyone. The judicial departments need to be strengthened so that matters regarding unplanned deforestation, toxic waste release and badly maintained vehicles are resolved within a short period of time. If the people and the governing bodies of every country concern themselves with this topic, then humanity can expect to make progress in reducing the negative effects of global warming. ​ ( This paragraph has been written by Akif, a student of Bangladesh MHM school and College , Doha, Qatar) ​ A Book Fair As learning plays a quintessential role in every individual's life, it is more of an obligation for us to improve our learning skills by means of various genres of books available. To achieve this goal, books fairs are deemed to be one of the best spots to collect all the finest books that works as a gateway to quench our thirst for knowledge. A book fair is essentially similar to a festival for those who value books more than anything else. It provides us with the opportunity to hunt down the rarest collection of books under every category. Even more surprising, the book stalls not only feature books of all sorts but also provide educational tools of varying degrees. For instance, publishing houses dedicated to children often provide educational toys in addition to children's books. Such measures spark an eagerness in children to read books more and more. Fairs also provide parents with the opportunity to engage in reading with the children in regular cycles. Because of its immeasurable importance, there is hardly any country that does not host a book fair. Based on the number of publishing houses represented and the number of visitors, Frankfurter Buchmesse, or Frankfurt Book Fair, has earned the record to be the world's largest book fair that opens its doors to a long queue of eagerly waiting bibliophiles from every corner of the world. Besides, In our country, the most prominent book fair is known as the "Ekushey Book Fair '', which is a month-long event that takes place every year. The event is organised under the supervision and organisation of Bangla Academy. It is sponsored and supported by separate government entities as well. The book fair witnesses a large participation of publishing houses, libraries, cultural institutions, research centres, associations, universities and whatnot. Apart from book stalls, separate arts and crafts workshops are also lined up in the vicinity for visitors to enjoy the intricate craftsmanship displayed around the stalls. In addition to selling affordable books, book sellers offer a rich selection of manuscripts, dictionaries, encyclopedias, artist books, magazines, as well as ancient literary pieces. There are seminars, panel discussions, presentations, author meet-ups, etc to keep the exhibitors and visitors engaged and to disseminate further knowledge. A book fair, therefore, instills a love of reading that lasts a lifetime. It brings publishers, agents, distributors, retailers and book lovers together on a single platform. On top of that, it gives an opportunity to reflect our appreciation for all the hardworking writers out there. It is with deep sorrow that most of the book fairs across the world are shrinking in size and it is our duty to find ways to establish a great deal of scope for this event to flourish once again. ( This paragraph has been written by Habiba, a student of Bangladesh MHM school and College , Doha, Qatar) ​ PRICE HIKE "Syndicate of traders behind broiler chicken price hike”, “Price hike causing a drastic increase in the prices of essentials in Bangladesh”, “Onions to remain expensive for another month”, “Price hike of essentials weigh down on 90% people" : Bold fonts plastered on daily headlines and blaring news titles have effectively introduced us all to the highlight of our crumbling socio­economic status: price hike. It has grown country so lastingly and frequently akin to our daily lives that the people of our country aren't even phased by it any longer, they have grudgingly learned to accept the soaring prices of the daily market. In essence, price hike refers to the drastic or sudden increase in prices, rates, taxes or various other quantities. In spans from food to accommodation, education, health treatments, facilities; in short, all necessities foe the citizens. The arbitrariness of our market systems and the lack of economic general formulas birth the opportunities for these tremendous increases in the prices of various necessities. Bangladesh, a country still on her primary stages of development, houses countless middle-income and poor people, struggling to provide the bare necessities for survival. And when the prices of goods increase abnormally, it is akin to rubbing salt to our open wounds. As per the natural rule of economy, it is only expected that prices of goods will gradually increase. This is called inflation, and it eventuates when the value of money decreases. However, price hike is quite different, as it means not the price growth of everything, rather a higher increase in the price of a single product or service. In accordance to our country's demographic, the causes of price hike are many and ever increasing. Some of the most dreaded ones are: decrease of production, increase of money supply, hoarding, black marketing, syndicating, population explosion, moral degradation, natural calamities and many more. Basic necessities are on constant demand, and any shortage on that supply triggers the increase of prices. Often times, this spike is intentional to gain profit. In spite of Bangladesh suffering from severe food security, the syndicates of ruthless self-catering businesses tend to aggravate the situation even more, lustfully aiming to make more money and lining their pockets in the name of insufficient supply. Shortage of required supply, hindrance in the local production, import deficits, paired with the lack of proper distribution of goods result in these disastrous price spike. Moreover, just as rule and regulations do not work in our market fields, so does the lack of ethics. In a civilized society, the prices of daily commodities are reduced or stabilized. However, in our oh-so-stable economy, the advent of any major religious or national upcomings are the perfect excuses for the prices of goods to soar to the stars. Not only that, people are down to pin any reason for hiking the prices, be it rains, strikes, blockades, epidemics, even elections. Of course, there is also the surge in the prices in the international market. And in the midst of it this whirlwind of sky-rocketing prices and the cunning claws of money-crazed madmen, it is the low middle income, poor and destitute of our country who bear the brunt of it all. Downcast, forlorn and without a voice to speak on their own, they are the ones subjected to suffer in silence as the ability to meet their daily necessities gets harder each passing day. They are forced to cut down on their already measly spending and resort to cheaper, at times even health depreciating, alternatives. It is absolutely abhorring of the government to simply stand by and let this atrocity reign. They have a God-bestowed responsibility to protect the rights of the citizens and consumers. Necessary measures have to be taken to prevent the destabilization of the market through stocks, syndicates or any unethical means. They have to take the highest local position in setting the prices without prioritizing the demands of the traders. Consumers need to be properly informed of the reasons of price hike. Effective steps are to be taken to curb every notorious syndicate cycles. Other measures include: increase of production, decrease of money supply and public expenditure, providing self-employment opportunities, population management etc. It is an obligation upon the government to initiate immediate action in keeping the overall market stable by uncovering the reasons behind unbridled price hikes on essential commodities. Then, and only then, will the betterment of our socio-economy manifest before us as we aspire for a stable and convenient market field for all. ( This paragraph has been written by Shafia, a student of Bangladesh MHM school and College , Doha, Qatar) ​ ​

Nouns Nouns are simply the names we give to everything around us, whether it be a person, an event, a place or an object, etc. Every particular name used to define something is a noun. E.g. : Amsterdam, Anita, Blackberry, Honesty, Waiter, etc. The names given to a group of noun to identify them as a whole are called Collective Nouns. E.g.: pride of lions, gaggle of geese etc. Nouns or pronouns can also modify themselves to show possession of another noun, usually by attaching‘s to the end of the noun. These nouns that show possession are called Possessive Nouns. Sometimes nouns have different forms for different genders, although this practice has been largely abandoned by the people who prefer to use the same noun for both genders. For example - Actor (male) - Actress (female), but people nowadays refer to women who act as female actors rather than actresses. Most nouns can be converted into plural forms by adding ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ at the end of the word. E.g.: box-boxes, cat-cats, echo-echoes , etc. But some nouns require the last consonant to be modified before adding ‘-es’. For e.g.: the ‘Y’ in ‘city’ changes to ‘I’ to form cities, kitty to kitties and ‘f’ to ‘v’ in dwarf to dwarves, wharf to wharves, etc. Some nouns become plurals irregularly by changing the entire word: mouse- mice, ox - oxen, etc. You can learn more about Plurals here: How to make Plurals : Making Plurals-Easy Guide Grammarians have divided nouns into different categories based on their use and purpose. Learning these divisions within the nouns will help in sentence construction and vocabulary. The different types of Nouns are - PROPER NOUNS These nouns are the names of specific people and places. These nouns also refer to the names of the days of weeks and months, and also the various names for religions, organizations, institutions, etc. Proper nouns basically refer to the names that are specific to that particular noun. These nouns are always capitalised as they need to be distinct from other nouns. William Shakespeare was a playwright. - Proper noun that is the name of a specific person. I will be visiting New York next month. - Proper noun that is the name of a specific place. Everyone dislikes Monday mornings. - The names of days are proper nouns. The holy book of Islam is the Koran. - Name of a religion and religious text. COMMON NOUNS These are the nouns that are used to denote a general category of people, places or things. They are capitalized only when they are at the beginning of a sentence. Common Nouns don’t refer to something specific rather they are a general term used for every noun of a particular kind or type. The boys went to play cricket. - Both boys and cricket are common nouns as they can refer to any boy or any cricket match. There is nothing specified by these nouns. This neighbourhood is one of the best in the area. - Here neighbourhood is the common noun as there are innumerable neighbourhoods all over the world. She was trying to answer her phone while buying coffee. - Here we see phone and coffee that both are general indicators of the object and the drink. ABSTRACT NOUNS These nouns are the names of things that we cannot perceive through our five senses of touching, smelling, seeing, hearing and tasting. These nouns can also refer to medical conditions related to the mind and are also used to express thoughts. She screamed with great delight. - Delight is an abstract noun as it tells about the state of a person’s mind and any actual physical thing. His bravery in the war won him a medal. - The abstract noun bravery is used to name the motivation behind certain actions made by people. One should learn to be as independent as possible. – Here, independent describes a state or a way of being, hence it is an abstract noun. COUNTABLE NOUNS The nouns that fall under this category are the ones that have both singular and plural forms. They can be counted either relatively or completely, and form plurals to associate with plural verbs in a sentence. They can also be expressed in numerical terms I need to buy four new suitcases for my trip. - Suitcase (s) is a countable noun as adding ‘s’ to it makes it plural. Does anyone want some oranges? - Here some is being used to count the noun orange(s). She had a pet dog. - Dog is also a countable noun as its plural is dogs. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS These nouns are the exact opposite of Countable Nouns. These nouns are the names of things that cannot be counted and have only a singular form. These nouns use singular verbs in a sentence. The furniture was damaged in moving out. - Furniture is an uncountable noun and therefore, we use the singular ‘was’ in referring to it. Is 250gms of sugar enough? - Here, sugar is an uncountable noun as sugar itself cannot be counted. It can only be weighed. He always answers questions with honesty. - Honesty is an uncountable noun as it has no plural and cannot be counted in physical terms either. List of Nouns, Noun Examples Nouns Exercise 1 Actor Garden Oil Advertisement Gas Orange Afternoon Ghost Oxygen Airport Girl Oyster Ambulance Glass Painting Animal Gold Parrot Answer Grass Pencil Apple Greece Piano Army Guitar Pillow Australia Hair Pizza Balloon Hamburger Planet Banana Helicopter Plastic Battery Helmet Portugal Beach Holiday Potato Beard Honey Queen Bed Horse Quill Belgium Hospital Rain Boy House Rainbow Branch Hydrogen Raincoat Breakfast Ice Refrigerator Brother Insect Restaurant Camera Insurance River Candle Iron Rocket Car Island Room Caravan Jackal Rose Carpet Jelly Russia Cartoon Jewellery Sandwich China Jordan School Church Juice Scooter Crayon Kangaroo Shampoo Crowd King Shoe Daughter Kitchen Soccer Death Kite Spoon Denmark Knife Stone Diamond Lamp Sugar Dinner Lawyer Sweden Disease Leather Teacher Doctor Library Telephone Dog Lighter Television Dream Lion Tent Dress Lizard Thailand Easter Lock Tomato Egg London Toothbrush Eggplant Lunch Traffic Egypt Machine Train Elephant Magazine Truck Energy Magician Uganda Engine Manchester Umbrella England Market Van Evening Match Vase Eye Microphone Vegetable Family Monkey Vulture Finland Morning Wall Fish Motorcycle Whale Flag Nail Window Flower Napkin Wire Football Needle Xylophone Forest Nest Yacht Fountain Nigeria Yak France Night Zebra Furniture Notebook Zoo Garage Ocean Collective Nouns Collective nouns are the name we give to a group of nouns to refer to them as one entity. The most common method of doing this is by using words like group or bunch that can be applicable to most of the nouns in the language today. But there are some specific names given for certain groups of nouns to make things more interesting and funny. Now, these collective nouns are not based in scientific thought or fact. Most of them come from the poetry and imagination of early to late Medieval English times e.g. - an eloquence of lawyers – Eloquence itself is defined as fine persuasion in speaking or writing, so this particular collective noun is a comment on the profession of lawyers while being their collective noun as well. The same goes for the collective nouns we find for animals; the names arose from 15th century French and English hunting traditions, where hunting was common and names and terms were given to all aspects of the sport. These names were called Terms of Venery and it had become a tradition of the court to keep extending the list and by the 1500s the list was up-to 165 items long. Here we have listed some of the more commonly used collective nouns for humans, animals and objects. These collective nouns are commonly used under the category of people. A class of students. An army of soldiers. A choir of singers. A crew of sailors. A band of musicians. A bunch of crooks. A crowd of people/spectators. A gang of thieves. A group of dancers. A team of players. A troupe of artists/dancers. A pack of thieves. A staff of employees. A regiment of soldiers. A tribe of natives. An audience of listeners. A panel of experts. A gang of labourers. A flock of tourists. A board of directors. Collective Nouns Exercise 1 Collective Nouns Exercise 2 The following collective nouns are used for animals. A catch of fish. An army of ants. A flight of birds. A flock of birds. A haul of fish. A flock of sheep. A herd of deer/cattle/elephants/goats/buffaloes. A hive of bees. A litter of cubs. A host of sparrows. A team of horses. A troop of lions. A zoo of wild animals. A pack of wolves. A litter of puppies/kittens. A swarm of bees/ants/rats/flies. A team of horses/ducks/oxen. A murder of crows. A kennel of dogs. A pack of hounds. The following collective nouns are used for things. A group of islands. A galaxy of stars. A wad of notes. A forest of trees. A stack of wood. A fleet of ships. A string of pearls. An album of stamps/autographs/photographs. A hedge of bushes. A library of books. A basket of fruit. A bowl of rice. A pack of cards. A pair of shoes. A bouquet of flowers. A bunch of keys. A chest of drawers. A pack of lies. A range of mountains. A cloud of dust. Collective nouns are endless and these are just a list of those used more often. As you continue to work on improving your English, you will stumble across many more. Be sure to add them to your list and use them as frequently as you can. Using Nouns to Show Possession Possessive nouns are those nouns that show possession. Possessive Nouns are used to show ownership. A noun is possessive only when a phrase can be modified to say that an idea or commodity belongs to something or someone. Possessive nouns are an integral part of learning English, use them as often as you can to gain confidence. In the singular form, the possessive case is formed by adding 's to the noun. The clothes of the girl. The girl’s clothes. The toys of the boy. The boy’s toys. Mary goes to this school. This is Mary’s school. King’s castle, grandfather’s stick, my dog’s bowl and all of the above are formed by adding the 's. Modify the following sentences by using the apostrophe (') to show possession: The king’s servants. The computer’s cover. My phone’s charger. The servants of the king. Cover of the computer. The charger of my phone. For certain words, instead of 's, only ' is used to avoid a hissing noise. Keep this is mind when using possessive nouns. Some examples would be: Boss’ office. Dr.Briuss’ house. For goodness’ sake. There are two rules to follow in case the noun is in plural form. If the noun ends in s then the possessive case is formed by adding the apostrophe E.g. the donkeys’ tail, the boys’ hostel, the cousins’ aunt. If the noun does not end in s then the possessive case is formed by adding 's. E.g. the children’s park, the men’s room. It’s simple as long as you know the plural form of the noun. The plural form of ‘god’ will be ‘gods’ and so the apostrophe will be used after 's' (gods’). In case of nouns like ‘woman’, the plural form is ‘women’ and so the apostrophe followed by 's' will be used (women’s). Add the apostrophe in the following sentences. Our cousins short uncle. (Apostrophe can be before or after 's') Businessmens briefcase. (Businessmen’s) The ladies washroom. (Ladies’) Here are some more examples to show you other possible cases. Alex and Philip’s shop. (Two nouns are used closely and showing joint possession; here, the apostrophe will be used with the second noun) Shakespeare’s and Wordsworth’s works. (Two nouns are used together yet separate possession is implied thus the apostrophe is used with both nouns) Nouns as Adjective Sometimes in the English language, a noun is used to describe another noun; in other words, the first noun performs the function of an adjective. Look at the following examples: Basketball coach – here the noun basketball is being used to describe the noun coach Garment shop – here the noun garment is being used to describe the noun shop Painting exhibition – here the noun painting is being used to describe the noun exhibition In all the above examples, the first noun acts as an adjective. Rules related to Nouns as Adjective 1. The ‘nouns as adjective’ always come first or before the second or main noun. Let’s see a few more examples: A cricket bat A soccer ball A car race A love story 2. In general, like adjectives, nouns being used as adjectives are used in the singular form, although in the case of certain words, like clothes, customs, sports, etc, an exception is made. For example: Bathroom or bathrooms, and not bathsroom or bathsrooms Badminton racket or badminton rackets, and not badmintons racket or badmintons rackets In short, the plural form will always appear on the second noun only. Some nouns are always written or spoken in the plural forms, but we generally treat them as a singular form. For example: A billiards player A news editor Some nouns are always treated in the plural forms when used as an adjective. For example: Sports museum Clothes outlet Accounts manager 3. Multiple nouns can also be used as adjectives. For example: School cricket team coach Motor production cost Child health care research centre 4. We can also use a true adjective before nouns as adjective. For example:: Famous Indian cricket player Cute coffee mug Delectable Chinese cuisine Honest school teacher Increasing air pollution

REPORT WRITING Report is a types of composition. Usually a report is written for newspaper or television. ​ There are several types of report ​ Voluntary report- a person writes this kind of report by taking initiative by himself/herself. Authorized report- this type of reports is written by being told or authorized by someone else. Routine report-this type of report is written for newspaper or other media regularly on a specific topic. Special report- on any special situation this type of report is written. Internal report- this type of report is written for any internal use by an organization External report- this type of report is written to let other people know what is going on in an organization. It is more formal than an internal report. Informational report- this report only concentrates on a specific information. Analytical report- in this type of report there might be analysis, explanation and conclusion on a topic. How to write a good report ​ A report might be on incidents, events, occasions, ceremonies or festivals. Format of writing a report Heading Name, Place, Date: Introductory paragraph/Lead ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Main Body ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Criteria for writing report ​ A report might be written in several paragraphs It should be written in easy and lucid language A writer will describe what really has happened You can include what you have heard, seen or done It should be written in formal impersonal style. The heading of the report should be attractive and catchy. In introduction or lead you should write about time, place and necessary information about the event/incident. Basically introduction gives the answers of Who, where, when, what, and why. In the main body you should give the detail description of the event/incident in one or more paragraphs. In the ending or concluding portion the views of the people or taken initiatives might be included. What you should do ​ Give sufficient information You should not give your own opinion in the report To include the opinions of the people you can use passive voice, direct/indirect speech. Don’t use a word or phrase repeatedly . An example A Devastating Fire at Agrabad ​ Staff Correspondent, Chittagong, 12April 2021: A devastating fire broke out at midnight at Agrabad completely gutting the house of a local businessman. It is learnt from the locals that the fire originating from the kitchen, engulfed the adjoining rooms including the dwelling room. Hearing the hue and cry of the domestic help, the inmates of house woke up and somehow managed to save their lives leaving all the belongings that were burnt to ashes. Three persons sustained serious burn injures and properties worth Tk 5 lakh were damaged when a fire broke out at a house. Sources said the fire originated in the kitchen from a gas burner at about 11.30 pm and soon engulfed the house injuring three members of the house. All the inmates of the house were sleeping when the fire broke out. On information, fire brigade came to the spot and extinguished the fire within two hours. The injured were identified as Solaiman Ali, 55, his son Sohel, 17 and seven-year old nephew Raju. Neighbours took them to Chiitagong Medical College Hospital. As the condition of Raju was deteriorating, he was immediately shifted to Combined Military Hospital (CMH) for better treatment. ​ However, the local people rushed to the spot but failed to bring the fire under control. On information, the fire fighters came to the spot and succeeded in extinguishing the blaze with the help of the people after two hours of frantic efforts. Some people sustained injuries while trying to douse the fire. The extent of loss caused by the fire was estimated at taka ten lakh. © Copyright

Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Cloze Test With Clues Rules of With Clues/Without Clues With Clues Worksheet-A 1. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. came asked Edge looked orchard during gave safe Went mangoe picked lived Once upon a time there (a) ----- a poor man called Suruj Ali. He (b) ----- after a large mango orchard. Hamidur Rahman was the owner of the orchard. One day some of Hamidur Rahmans friends (c) ----- to visit him. It was (d) ------- the summer season when the mangoes were ripe. So Hamidur Rahman (e) ------- Suruj Ali to pick some of the ripe (f) ---- for his friends. Suruj Ali (g) ----- to the (h) ----- and (i) ----some nice large mangoes. Then he (j) ----- them to his master. 2. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. were sit hold as at did cast feel follow into Hans (a)---- excited but nervous (b)---- he walked (c)--- Frankel’s library.The small metal object and the book (d)--- still there on Frankel’s desk.Hans (e)-- down and looked (f)---- the book .Then he (g)--- the metal object and (h)--- the instructions carefully. It was not easy to (i) ----the spell,but he (j)--- his best. 3. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. forge bellows stood see looked were laughing pulled walked bright back together Mr Ahmed and the boys (a) ------ up to the smithy and (b) ----- in. Inside the hutst were two blacksmiths. They were working (c) ----- in front of their (d) ------. They could also (e) -- a young boyof about their own age. He was helping the two blacksmiths. He (f) ---a small metal chain. When he pulled it, the (g) --- blew. Mr Ahmed and his students could see the large bellows at the (h) --- of the smithy. And in front of the bellows (i) --- the forge. Though the two blacksmiths were small, their muscles (j) ---- as strong as iron. 4. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. alert lay over fell recognised into hospitalize into wiping unconscious walked informed Mrs Siddiqua Murshed, Rinas grandmother got an accident near the college pond. She (a) ---- down and hurt hershelf. When Anwar and Kashem were walking home together, they noticed a small crowd near the college pond. Without making any delay, the two boys walked quickly (b) ----- to the crowd of people. Anwar (c) --- her. She was no other than Rinas grandmother. Anwar ran off and soon reached Rinas house. Rinas mother was (d) ---- of the accident. Taking down a note to Rina, she and Anwar (e) ---- quickly up the road towards the college pond together. They arrived at the college pond and Mrs Rahena Salam saw her mother still lying (f) ----- on the ground. She (g) - on her side with Kasem and a lady kneeling beside her. The lady was (h) ----- Mrs Siddiqua Moursheds forehead with a cool damp cloth. They decided to (i) ------ her immediately. Anwar somehow managed a push-cart and Mrs Salam, Kashem and Anwar gently lifted Mrs Murshed (j) ------ it. 5. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. able helping visit grateful learn about All true being like “While I was (a) ---- taken to the hospital, my granddaughter, Rina, looked after her young brother, Tunu, (b) ---- by herself. Then, when she and Luna came to (c) ---- me in hospital, she told a story to me. Its (d) ----- a very responsibal young person (e) ---------- herself, and its (f) ----------. After lunch, you’ll be (g) ---------- to hear Rinas story for yourselves. I think we can all (h) ---------- a lot from interesting stories like that. “I’m very (i) ---------- to all you young people for (j) ---------- me to recover from my accident so quickly.” 6. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. grow snow cover off inside grow bare finish out hard outside window After sometime, the warm sunny days (a)…..Then the winter season came and the weather in Greece (b)….cold. The soft earth became (c)….and nothing could (d)……The leaves dropped (e)…..the trees and the countryside looked (f)….and grey. Then it started (g)….and the fields were covered in soft white snow. Mr Ant stayed (h)… his house. Through his (i)….he looked at the trees and the white fields (j)….in snow. 7. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. garden shop asked talking discussion teacher make used looked with against over The next day class 8 had (a)----with their general science (b)…..,Mr Anis Ahmed. “We‘ve been (c)….with our new student, Anwar, Sir,” said Kashem. “In his old school, they (d)…..the profit from their school (e)…..to make a school garden. We also (f)….a profit from our school shop and we have enough land in our school to make a (g)…..” Mr Ahmed (h)…out of the classroom widow. “Do you want to use that piece of land (i)….there?” (j)----Mr Ahmed. 8. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. bellows complecated smithy cast hard spell heat instruments example rather bellows was At the side of the laboratory (a) ---------- Frankels libray. In the laboratory, Frankel and Hans worked (b) ---------- together. Hans thought that the laboratory was (c) ---------- like a (d) ----------. For (e) ---------- they sometimes used chains, (f) ---------- and a forge to (g) ---------- and mix different kinds of metals. But the work was more (h) ---------- than a blacksmiths. They used their (i) ---------- to make spells, not spades and hoes. Frankel, however, did not (j) ---------- his spells in the labortary. 9. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. gave was chosen is were hot given chose started dug stood flooded A piece of land was (a) ---to the class 8 students. It (b) -----about twelve metres long and six metres wide. The Headmaster (c) ----it to them. He and Mr Ahmed (d) ------ it. It was (e)----for three reasons. It (f)….near the school’s well, was always sunny and during the rainy season never (g)------.That (h)----why it was suitable. So, when all the tools (i)….made, the students (j)…to work. 10. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. about quickly better Bent round inside best broken heard upset Rina stood up (a)---and looked down at the paper bag. It was broken and something inside was making damp. Rina (b)----down and carefully looked (c)—the paper bag. All her lovely eggs were (d)-----! She felt sad. She felt so (e)—that she started to cry. Suddenly she (f)----a voice. It was her (g)---friend. Luna put her hand(h)----Rina’s shoulders and soon Rina felt (i)---.Then they walked to school together and Rina told her (j)---the accident. 11. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. Leaves fell strong stopped admired boats Stored before quietly Leisure happily for While Mr Ant worked on his farm, Mr Grasshopper sang (a)---in the warm sun. And when he (b)---,he sat and (c)---the beautiful countryside all around him. He looked at the (d)---on the trees,the green fields and the fishermen’s (e)---on the sea. Then Mr. Grasshopper (f)---asleep. While Mr Grassopher slept (g)----in his chair, Mr Ant continued to work on his farm.(h)---many days, weeks and months, he was busy in his fields. And as soon as his crops were ready,he (i)----the grain in his granary. So while Mr Grassopher enjoyed his (j)----,Mr Ant worked hard from morning until night. 12. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. into Happen Ones queit celebration all see tell decide Show After lunch, Rina told her story to everyone. She liked to (a) ------ stories and could tell very good (b) ------. Everyone sat (c) ------- and listened to her. “This is a true story. It really (d) -------,” Rina explained. “I (e) ------- thye story in a letter to a newspaper. My friends mother (f) -------- it to me. I liked the letter so much that I (g) ------- to make it (h) ------ a story.” First she told the story to tunu and her grandmother. Now she is telling it to (i) -------- her family and friends at her grandmothers (j) --------. 13. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. exist hard summer during plenty used think about future agreed nature really Mr Grasshopper didn’t like to work (a)-----the lovely hot (b)----days. “It’s (c)---not necessary,” he told Mr Ant. “Why do you work so (d)----when there is (e)---of food to eat?” Mr Grasshopper asked him. “There is plenty of food now” (f)-----Mr Ant. “But what (g)----the future?” “Oh, the (h)----! exclaimed Mr Grasshopper. “Why do you (i)----about the future. Mr Ant? It really does not (j)----!” 14. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. tell ask problem reply sunny tree shade well worry garden green bit One (a)---- morning, Mr Anis Ahmed and his class 8 students were looking at the tender (b)---- plants in their school (c)-----. “They’re growing very(d)----,” said Mr Anis Ahmed. “But I’m a bit (e)--- about them. “Why? (f)--- Shahid. “What’s the (g)---?” “Well,” Mr Anis Ahmed (h)----. Come and sit in the (i)---- of this tree and I’ll (j)--- you.” 15. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. grateful invited celebration again about more returned thought feeling parents Mrs Murshed (a)----home after (b)—a week.She was (c)---strong (d)---after a few days(e)---.Then she (f)----about a (g)---for the students.She was really (h)---to them.For this,she (i)---Rina,her friends and their (j)---. 16. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. planned happy family grateful to vegetables some admitted this gave Mr Ahmed (a)---some (b)---for Rina’s grandmother.She was (c)----in Nurpur Hospital.Rina’s (d)---was (e)---to Mr Ahmed.For (f)---Mrs Salam (g)---to give Mr Ahmed (h)---eggs.Rina was (i)---to give the eggs (j)----Mr Ahmed. 17. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. helped grateful classmates story taken are about take hospital young Rina’s grandmother was (a)----to hospital.She would (b)—there for (c)---a week.Anwar and Kashem (d)----Rina’s (e)---.They (f)----her mother to (g)---her grandmother to the (h)---.Rina’s family was (i)----to the (j)---people. 18. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. decide be situate live face use dislike settle take leave There (a)----a young man,named Ruplal who (b)---with his family in a small village(c)—near a jungle.Though the farm was beautiful,he (d)---many problems there.He (e)---the place because the people of the place (f)—to quarrel always.So he (g)—to leave his village and (h)—in the jungle,Finally he (i)—his village (j)---necessary things with him. 19. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. 10 embarrassed wanted call house called visitors home read company moment One day Anwar kept (a)----in his reading room.Then some (b)---came to their (c)----to see his father.But at that (d)----his father was not at (e)----.His mother (f)---to go out to find and (g)---his father home.So she (h)—Anwar and told him to give (i)---to the visitors.But Anwar felt (j)---in the midst of the grown up people. 20. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. feel arrive by recover like start short with come as sense grateful Half an hour later the (a)---of Anwar and Kashem,the celebration (b)---.The function started (c)----the speech of Mrs Murshed.In her (d)----speech,she thanked everyone for (e)---to the party.She said that she (f)---for the help of the young people (g)—Anwar and Kashem.She (h)---proud for their (i)---of responsibility.She was also (j)---to them. 21. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. went come down gave take flew right spoke about introduced explained found I think I (a)----to you on the telephone (b)----20 minutes ago. “Yes,that’s (c)---,”said Rafiq. “Please (d)----in.” So Mrs Green (e)---in and sat (f)---.Then Rafiq (g)---Salma to Mrs Green. “This is my younger sister,Salma,”he (h)---“Salma(i)—your bag in the road and brought it here.” Salma (j)---Mrs Green the bag. 22. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. start go ask bring eat sweet orchard master mangoes with Suruj Ali (a)-----to the orchard and carefully picked some nice,large (b)----.Then he gave them to (c)---when Hamidur Rahman and his friends (d)----eating them.Hamidur Rahman said, “These mangoes don’t taste (e)----.They’re sour! How can we (f)---them?” So he called Suruj Ali back and (g)----him to take the sour mangoes away and (h)---some sweer ones from his (i)----.Suruj Ali came soon (i)---some ripe mangoes. 23. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. perform be appoint name own entertain pick tell invite call Once there (a)----a rich man.He (b)----a big mango orchard.He (c)---a caretaker (d)---Suruj Ali.He (e)---his job sincerely.One day the rich man (f)---some of his friends to his house.He wanted to (g)---them with sweet mangoes.He (h)—the caretaker and (i)---him to bring some sweet mangoes for the guests.Accordingly Suruj Ali (j)---some mangoes for them. 24. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. near sight Student inhabitant returning picked something should take thought Salma was a (a)----of class 8.She was an (b)---of Dhaka city.One day she was (c)---home.On the way,(d)---came in her(e)---.She went (f)---the bag.She thought not to (g)—it.But again she (h)---that she (i)---take it.Then she (j)---it and took home. 25. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. happy asked pale moment talking why tired see mother arrive Rina’s mother was (a)---to her (b)----.At that (c)---,Rina and Luna (d)---there.Grandmother was (e)----to (f)---the girls.Grandmother(g)---Rina(h)---she was looking so (i)----why she was looking so (j)---. 26. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. green very kind went holiday wanted some put asked you explained replied “Would you like (a)----tea?” Salma asked Mrs. (b)--. “Oh,yes please.” (c)---Mrs Green, “That’s very (d)---of you.” “My husband and I are on (e)---in Bangladesh”she (f)---. “This morning we (g)---to go to the bank.We (h)—in a rickshaw.But it was (i)—small.I (j)---my bag behind it. With Clues Worksheet-A Answer ​ 1. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. came asked Edge looked orchard during gave safe Went mangoe picked lived Once upon a time there (a) ----- a poor man called Suruj Ali. He (b) ----- after a large mango orchard. Hamidur Rahman was the owner of the orchard. One day some of Hamidur Rahmans friends (c) ----- to visit him. It was (d) ------- the summer season when the mangoes were ripe. So Hamidur Rahman (e) ------- Suruj Ali to pick some of the ripe (f) ---- for his friends. Suruj Ali (g) ----- to the (h) ----- and (i) ----some nice large mangoes. Then he (j) ----- them to his master. Answer: (a) lived (b) looked (c) came (d) during (e) asked (f) mangoes (g) went (h) orchard (i) picked (j) gave 2. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. were sit hold as at did cast feel follow into Hans (a)---- excited but nervous (b)---- he walked (c)--- Frankel’s library.The small metal object and the book (d)--- still there on Frankel’s desk.Hans (e)-- down and looked (f)---- the book .Then he (g)--- the metal object and (h)--- the instructions carefully. It was not easy to (i) ----the spell,but he (j)--- his best. Answer: (a) felt (b) as (c) onto (d) were (e) sat (f) at (g) held (h) followed (i) cast(j) did 3. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. forge bellows stood see looked were laughing pulled walked bright back together Mr Ahmed and the boys (a) ------ up to the smithy and (b) ----- in. Inside the hutst were two blacksmiths. They were working (c) ----- in front of their (d) ------. They could also (e) -- a young boyof about their own age. He was helping the two blacksmiths. He (f) ---a small metal chain. When he pulled it, the (g) --- blew. Mr Ahmed and his students could see the large bellows at the (h) --- of the smithy. And in front of the bellows (i) --- the forge. Though the two blacksmiths were small, their muscles (j) ---- as strong as iron. Answer: (a) walked (b) looked (c) together (d) forge (e) see (f) pulled (g) bellows (h) back (i) stood (j) were 4. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. alert lay over fell recognised into hospitalize into wiping unconscious walked informed Mrs Siddiqua Murshed, Rinas grandmother got an accident near the college pond. She (a) ---- down and hurt hershelf. When Anwar and Kashem were walking home together, they noticed a small crowd near the college pond. Without making any delay, the two boys walked quickly (b) ----- to the crowd of people. Anwar (c) --- her. She was no other than Rinas grandmother. Anwar ran off and soon reached Rinas house. Rinas mother was (d) ---- of the accident. Taking down a note to Rina, she and Anwar (e) ---- quickly up the road towards the college pond together. They arrived at the college pond and Mrs Rahena Salam saw her mother still lying (f) ----- on the ground. She (g) - on her side with Kasem and a lady kneeling beside her. The lady was (h) ----- Mrs Siddiqua Moursheds forehead with a cool damp cloth. They decided to (i) ------ her immediately. Anwar somehow managed a push-cart and Mrs Salam, Kashem and Anwar gently lifted Mrs Murshed (j) ------ it. Answer: (a) fell (b) over (c) recognised (d) informed (e) walked (f) unconscious (g) lay (h) wiping (i) hospitalized (j) onto 5. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. able helping visit grateful learn about All true being like “While I was (a) ---- taken to the hospital, my granddaughter, Rina, looked after her young brother, Tunu, (b) ---- by herself. Then, when she and Luna came to (c) ---- me in hospital, she told a story to me. Its (d) ----- a very responsibal young person (e) ---------- herself, and its (f) ----------. After lunch, you’ll be (g) ---------- to hear Rinas story for yourselves. I think we can all (h) ---------- a lot from interesting stories like that. “I’m very (i) ---------- to all you young people for (j) ---------- me to recover from my accident so quickly.” Answer: (a) being (b) all (c) visit (d) about (e) like (f) true (g) able (h) learn (i) grateful (j) helping 6. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. grow snow cover off inside grow bare finish out hard outside window After sometime, the warm sunny days (a)…..Then the winter season came and the weather in Greece (b)….cold. The soft earth became (c)….and nothing could (d)……The leaves dropped (e)…..the trees and the countryside looked (f)….and grey. Then it started (g)….and the fields were covered in soft white snow. Mr Ant stayed (h)… his house. Through his (i)….he looked at the trees and the white fields (j)….in snow. Answer(a) finished (b) grew (c) hard (d) grow (e) off (f) bare (g) snowing (h) inside (i) windows (j) covered 7. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. garden shop asked talking discussion teacher make used looked with against over The next day class 8 had (a)----with their general science (b)…..,Mr Anis Ahmed. “We‘ve been (c)….with our new student, Anwar, Sir,” said Kashem. “In his old school, they (d)…..the profit from their school (e)…..to make a school garden. We also (f)….a profit from our school shop and we have enough land in our school to make a (g)…..” Mr Ahmed (h)…out of the classroom widow. “Do you want to use that piece of land (i)….there?” (j)----Mr Ahmed. Answer: (a) discussion (b) teacher (c) talking (d) used (e) shop (f) make (g) garden (h) looked (i) over (j) asked 8. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. bellows complecated smithy cast hard spell heat instruments example rather bellows was At the side of the laboratory (a) ---------- Frankels libray. In the laboratory, Frankel and Hans worked (b) ---------- together. Hans thought that the laboratory was (c) ---------- like a (d) ----------. For (e) ---------- they sometimes used chains, (f) ---------- and a forge to (g) ---------- and mix different kinds of metals. But the work was more (h) ---------- than a blacksmiths. They used their (i) ---------- to make spells, not spades and hoes. Frankel, however, did not (j) ---------- his spells in the labortary. Answer (a) was (b) hard (c) rather (d) smithy (e) example (f) bellows (g) heat (h) complicated (i) instruments (j) cast 9. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. gave was chosen is were hot given chose started dug stood flooded A piece of land was (a) ---to the class 8 students. It (b) -----about twelve metres long and six metres wide. The Headmaster (c) ----it to them. He and Mr Ahmed (d) ------ it. It was (e)----for three reasons. It (f)….near the school’s well, was always sunny and during the rainy season never (g)------.That (h)----why it was suitable. So, when all the tools (i)….made, the students (j)…to work. Answer: (a)given (b) was (c) gave (d) chose (e) chosen (f) stood (g) flooded (h) is (i)were (j) started 10. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. about quickly better Bent round inside best broken heard upset Rina stood up (a)---and looked down at the paper bag. It was broken and something inside was making damp. Rina (b)----down and carefully looked (c)—the paper bag. All her lovely eggs were (d)-----! She felt sad. She felt so (e)—that she started to cry. Suddenly she (f)----a voice. It was her (g)---friend. Luna put her hand(h)----Rina’s shoulders and soon Rina felt (i)---.Then they walked to school together and Rina told her (j)---the accident. Answer: (a) quickly (b) bent (c) inside (d) broken (e) upset (f) heard (g) best (h) round (i) better (j) about 11. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. Leaves fell strong stopped admired boats Stored before quietly Leisure happily for While Mr Ant worked on his farm, Mr Grasshopper sang (a)---in the warm sun. And when he (b)---,he sat and (c)---the beautiful countryside all around him. He looked at the (d)---on the trees,the green fields and the fishermen’s (e)---on the sea. Then Mr. Grasshopper (f)---asleep. While Mr Grassopher slept (g)----in his chair, Mr Ant continued to work on his farm.(h)---many days, weeks and months, he was busy in his fields. And as soon as his crops were ready,he (i)----the grain in his granary. So while Mr Grassopher enjoyed his (j)----,Mr Ant worked hard from morning until night. Answer: (a) happily (b) stopped (c) admired (d) leaves (e) boats (f) fell (g) quietly (h) for (i) stored (j) leisure 12. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. into Happen Ones queit celebration all see tell decide Show After lunch, Rina told her story to everyone. She liked to (a) ------ stories and could tell very good (b) ------. Everyone sat (c) ------- and listened to her. “This is a true story. It really (d) -------,” Rina explained. “I (e) ------- thye story in a letter to a newspaper. My friends mother (f) -------- it to me. I liked the letter so much that I (g) ------- to make it (h) ------ a story.” First she told the story to tunu and her grandmother. Now she is telling it to (i) -------- her family and friends at her grandmothers (j) --------. Answer : (a) tell (b) ones (c) quietly (d) happened (e) saw (f) showed (g) decided (h) into (i) all (j) celebration 13. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. exist hard summer during plenty used think about future agreed nature really Mr Grasshopper didn’t like to work (a)-----the lovely hot (b)----days. “It’s (c)---not necessary,” he told Mr Ant. “Why do you work so (d)----when there is (e)---of food to eat?” Mr Grasshopper asked him. “There is plenty of food now” (f)-----Mr Ant. “But what (g)----the future?” “Oh, the (h)----! exclaimed Mr Grasshopper. “Why do you (i)----about the future. Mr Ant? It really does not (j)----!” Answer:(a) during (b) summer (c) really (d) hard (e) plenty (f) agreed (g) about (h) future (i) care (j) exist 14. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. tell ask problem reply sunny tree shade well worry garden green bit One (a)---- morning, Mr Anis Ahmed and his class 8 students were looking at the tender (b)---- plants in their school (c)-----. “They’re growing very(d)----,” said Mr Anis Ahmed. “But I’m a bit (e)--- about them. “Why? (f)--- Shahid. “What’s the (g)---?” “Well,” Mr Anis Ahmed (h)----. Come and sit in the (i)---- of this tree and I’ll (j)--- you.” Answer (a) sunny (b) green (c) garden (d) well (e) worried (f) asked (g) problem (h) replied (i) shade (j) tell 15. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. grateful invited celebration again about more returned thought feeling parents Mrs Murshed (a)----home after (b)—a week.She was (c)---strong (d)---after a few days(e)---.Then she (f)----about a (g)---for the students.She was really (h)---to them.For this,she (i)---Rina,her friends and their (j)---. Answer: (a) returned (b) about (c) feeling (d) again (e) more (f) though (g) parts (h) grateful (i) invited (j) parents 16. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. planned happy family grateful to vegetables some admitted this gave Mr Ahmed (a)---some (b)---for Rina’s grandmother.She was (c)----in Nurpur Hospital.Rina’s (d)---was (e)---to Mr Ahmed.For (f)---Mrs Salam (g)---to give Mr Ahmed (h)---eggs.Rina was (i)---to give the eggs (j)----Mr Ahmed. Answer: (a) gave (b) vegetables (c) admitted (d) family (e) grateful (f) this (g) planed (h) some (i) happy (j) to 17. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. helped grateful classmates story taken are about take hospital young Rina’s grandmother was (a)----to hospital.She would (b)—there for (c)---a week.Anwar and Kashem (d)----Rina’s (e)---.They (f)----her mother to (g)---her grandmother to the (h)---.Rina’s family was (i)----to the (j)---people. Answer : (a) taken (b) be (c) about (d) are (e) classmates (f)helped(g) take (h)hospital (i) grateful (j) young 18. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. decide be situate live face use dislike settle take leave There (a)----a young man,named Ruplal who (b)---with his family in a small village(c)—near a jungle.Though the farm was beautiful,he (d)---many problems there.He (e)---the place because the people of the place (f)—to quarrel always.So he (g)—to leave his village and (h)—in the jungle,Finally he (i)—his village (j)---necessary things with him. Answer : (a) was (b) lived (c) situated (d) faced (e) disliked (f) used (g) decided (h) settled (i) taking 19. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. 10 embarrassed wanted call house called visitors home read company moment One day Anwar kept (a)----in his reading room.Then some (b)---came to their (c)----to see his father.But at that (d)----his father was not at (e)----.His mother (f)---to go out to find and (g)---his father home.So she (h)—Anwar and told him to give (i)---to the visitors.But Anwar felt (j)---in the midst of the grown up people. Answer:(a) reading (b) visitors (c) house (d) moment (e) home (f) wanted (g) call (h) called (i) company (j) embarrassed 20. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. feel arrive by recover like start short with come as sense grateful Half an hour later the (a)---of Anwar and Kashem,the celebration (b)---.The function started (c)----the speech of Mrs Murshed.In her (d)----speech,she thanked everyone for (e)---to the party.She said that she (f)---for the help of the young people (g)—Anwar and Kashem.She (h)---proud for their (i)---of responsibility.She was also (j)---to them. Answer : (a) arrival (b) started (c) with (d) short (e) coming (f) was recovered (g) like (h) felt (i) sense (j) grateful 21. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. went come down gave take flew right spoke about introduced explained found I think I (a)----to you on the telephone (b)----20 minutes ago. “Yes,that’s (c)---,”said Rafiq. “Please (d)----in.” So Mrs Green (e)---in and sat (f)---.Then Rafiq (g)---Salma to Mrs Green. “This is my younger sister,Salma,”he (h)---“Salma(i)—your bag in the road and brought it here.” Salma (j)---Mrs Green the bag. Answer: (a) spoke (b) about (c) right (d) come (e)went (f) down (g) introduced (h) explained (i) found (j) gave 22. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. start go ask bring eat sweet orchard master mangoes with Suruj Ali (a)-----to the orchard and carefully picked some nice,large (b)----.Then he gave them to (c)---when Hamidur Rahman and his friends (d)----eating them.Hamidur Rahman said, “These mangoes don’t taste (e)----.They’re sour! How can we (f)---them?” So he called Suruj Ali back and (g)----him to take the sour mangoes away and (h)---some sweer ones from his (i)----.Suruj Ali came soon (i)---some ripe mangoes. Answer: (a) went (b) mangoes (c) master (d) started (e) sweet (f) eat (g) asked (h) bring (i) orchard (j) with 23. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. perform be appoint name own entertain pick tell invite call Once there (a)----a rich man.He (b)----a big mango orchard.He (c)---a caretaker (d)---Suruj Ali.He (e)---his job sincerely.One day the rich man (f)---some of his friends to his house.He wanted to (g)---them with sweet mangoes.He (h)—the caretaker and (i)---him to bring some sweet mangoes for the guests.Accordingly Suruj Ali (j)---some mangoes for them. Answer: (a) was (b) owned (c) appointed (d) named (e) performed (f) invited (g) entertain (h) called (i) told (j) picked 24. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. near sight Student inhabitant returning picked something should take thought Salma was a (a)----of class 8.She was an (b)---of Dhaka city.One day she was (c)---home.On the way,(d)---came in her(e)---.She went (f)---the bag.She thought not to (g)—it.But again she (h)---that she (i)---take it.Then she (j)---it and took home. Answer: (a) student (b) inhabitant (c) returning (d) something (e) sight (f) near (g) take (h) thought (i) should (j) picked 25. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. happy asked pale moment talking why tired see mother arrive Rina’s mother was (a)---to her (b)----.At that (c)---,Rina and Luna (d)---there.Grandmother was (e)----to (f)---the girls.Grandmother(g)---Rina(h)---she was looking so (i)----why she was looking so (j)---. Answer: (a) talking (b) mother (c) moment (d) arrived (e) happy (f) see (g) asked (h) why (i) pale (j) tired 26. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. green very kind went holiday wanted some put asked you explained replied “Would you like (a)----tea?” Salma asked Mrs. (b)--. “Oh,yes please.” (c)---Mrs Green, “That’s very (d)---of you.” “My husband and I are on (e)---in Bangladesh”she (f)---. “This morning we (g)---to go to the bank.We (h)—in a rickshaw.But it was (i)—small.I (j)---my bag behind it. Answer: (a) some (b) Green (c) replied (d) kind (e) holiday (f) explined (g) wanted (h) went (i) very (j) put With clues Worksheet-4.0 English First Paper 1. DB-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1x 10=10 food destroyed crisis rise habitat unsuitable turn rain live cut be effect If we (a)----- trees at random, one day our count will (b)------- into a desert. All living animals and birds will not find any (c) -----or shelter to (d) ----- in. They will be (e) -----.There will be no (f) ----and as a result our agriculture will face a great (g) ------. The temperature will (h)----- and it will cause greenhouse (i) -----.The country will be ( j) -----for living. 2. RB-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1x10=10 livelihood causes took products depend brings agricultural on consumption supplies beautiful decline Bangladesh is our birth land. It is small but (a)------ . It is an (b) ------country. Most of Many people of this country directly or indirectly (c) ------on agriculture for their (d) -------.Many important industries depend on agricultural (e) ------ . Agriculture (f)------- food stuff for human and animal (g) -------- . Any (h) ----- in agricultural products (i) ----- economic depression in the country. Failure of crops (j) -----sufferings of the entire people. 3. DN B-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 known bold hunger thirst inspired inconceivable see courage curiosity satisfied dangerous technology Man has an unquenchable (a)---- for knowledge. In fact, he is never (b)-------- with what he has (c) ----- and seen. He wants to know and (d)------ more and more. This (e) — to know more, coupled with his (f) — spirit of adventure, has (g)---- him to undertake and carry out difficult and (h)------ tasks. In the fields of science and (i) ------man has already achieved what was once( j) -------. 4. JB-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1x10=10 prevent enables take excellent tired fitness physically fills struggles essential free helps Physical exercise is (a) — for all. It keeps us (b) --- strong and healthy. Our life is full of activities and (c) —. We can face them if we have physical and sound (d) ---- .It is physical exercise which (e) — us to have a sound mind in a body. Physical exercise (f) --- some other benefits too. It also offers us an (g)---- recreation. It takes our mind (h)-----from the drudgery of work and (i) --- it with joy. So we must j)----physical exercise for our sound health. 5. COM B-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 through work long blue ready inferior dignity sacrifice high aware above same Man's (a)--------- depends on his work, Man is a rational being. He is to (b) ------ for others. He should not be proud of his (c)----- blood. He should be (d) ------ to help anyone of any class. The man whom he is helping may be (e)------ to him by birth. But after all he is a man. He has the (f)-----blood and flesh the (g)------ kind of man. So, he should (h)--------his own life for others' welfare. We cannot live (i)-----on earth. We must die one day. We can live (j) ----- our work. 6. CTG B-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary.lx10=10 dependence risen necessity around production shortage circumstances shift improved sustained dependent demand Power is the key to the economic growth of any country. The (a) — of power is only known when load-shedding occurs. Though rural fife of Bangladesh is not totally (b) ---- on power, urban life cannot be (c) — without electricity. At present we have (d) — of around 4000 MW electricity and the (e) –--- is around 2000 MW. This demand is ever on the (f) ----- . In 2020 the national demand for electricity will rise to (g) ----- 8000 MW. The reality is that this situation cannot be (h) ----- just by installing some high capacity power generation plants. Under these (i) ----- we should create a master plan to increase the production of electricity and also have to j) ------- our concentration to alternative fuel source. 7. Syl B-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box below. There are more words than necessary. lX10=10 like distress getting take ensure mutual treat seems make familiar developing communicate 8. As the world's communication is (a) — day by day the world seems to be (b)-----smaller. For the development of communication system, now we can easily (c) with the people of other countries within a moment. Now the world (d) to be a village and the countries seem to be families. If we develop our (e) understanding and co-operation, we can (f) — our world a better place. We should never (g) — others as enemies but friends. As a friend we should (h) — immediate help to other countries in their (i) — and sorrows we should( j) ------them to be our neighbours. 9. BB- 2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 clean made on important objects clothes. empty forces full currents under water The world is (a) — of uncountable natural and man (b)----- objects. Natural (c) ------ are stones, trees, air and (d) —. Man made objects are houses, cars (e)------- and chemicals. Natural (f)-----are cyclones, earthquakes, volcanoes. storms and ocean (g) ----- Life exists different conditions. It is very (i) -----to keep the environment (j)----- . 10. DB2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : Ix10=10 help inactive others aversion hence anything claim ability charity indolent devoid dignity What is begging? Begging is the (a)----- of others. It does not give (b)---- good to the society. It is totally unproductive and (c)---- , it has no output. It does not develop a man's (d)--- or will to be self-reliant. It makes him (e)-----and habitually (f)— and dependent on others. It makes a man (g) —any sense of self-respect. Hence those who live by begging cannot (h) —for any dignity in the society because of their (i) ---to work. They only seek the charily of j)----- and become burden to the society. 11. Com B 2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : - IX10=10 efforts removing help assist aware thought literacy enlarge social increase illiteracy realise Inability to read and write is (a)---- . It hinders all development (b)-----of the government. The literacy rate of Bangladesh is still low. We have to (c)---- this rate for entire development of the country. A country's development cannot be (d)--- of keeping the large number of people (e)------ . Government alone cannot meet this challenge without the (f)---- of the literate community. It is the (g)------ responsibility of the literate people to (h)---- the government for the eradication. Of illiteracy. We must (i)----- that we cannot exist as a nation without (j)------ illiteracy from the society. 12. Raj B 2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary :—1XI0=10 mentally educated help genius useful s sympathetic provides improve knowledge develop self-reliant virtue Proper education (a)----- a learner with opportunity to (b)------- all his talents. Its aim is to (c)----- him physically and (d)----- so that he can be (e)----- to himself and to the society. An educated man is (f)------ but he can also assist others in attaining this great (g)----- He is supposed to be well mannered, kind and (h)------ So, a man who has acquired (i)----- and skill cannot be called a truly (j) -----man only for his material development. 13. JB 2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary :-- 1X10=10 evil very lives neglected proper regret real when been remember get about Our freedom fighters are the (a)----- heroes of our country. We should (b)----them as they sacrificed their (c)---- for the cause of motherland. It is a matter of great (d)---- that most of them are (e)---- and our young generation does not know their valiant struggle. Yet today many of the real freedom fighters have not (g)- --found out and established. Some of them lead a (h)----- poor life. The authority should take (i)---- step to enlist them and give them (j) ------honour. 14. BB 2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. IX10=10 travel age civilization regular sphere modern ancient difficult time greater possible constant We live in an (a)----- of science. We can see the influence of science in all (b) -----. Science is a (c) ------- companion of our daily life. We have made the impossible things (d) -----by means of science. The modern (e)------ is a contribution of science. At present we can easily (f) from one place to another. But in (g)----- time journey was (h) . Man has to spend a lot of (i)----- and money for travelling. But we should remember that science has to be explored for (j) ----welfare of mankind. 15. SB2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box below. There arc more words than necessary :— IX10=10 defend materialized so-called cherished noble pretender inspires inherent aloft fake fraud remember 16. Patriotism is a (a)---- virtue. It is an (b)---- instinct in human nature. It (c)---- a man to shed every drop of blood to (d)-----the liberty and dignity of the country.- But patriotism should not be merely a (e)---- slogan in the public meeting to (f)---- the people. It should be (g)---- in the core of heart and (h)---- in our deeds. We should keep ourselves above from the (i)------ patriotism. Everybody should bear in mind that a (j)---- must be defeated. Nobody will remember or honour a mock patriot. Ctg B-2010 17. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : — IX10=10 epend unnaturally depression industries provide live plays damages overcome supplies decline know Ours is an agricultural. country. Hence most of the citizens of our country. directly or indirectly (a)--------on agriculture for their livelihood. Many important (b)----- of our country also depend on agricultural products. Agriculture (c)-------a vital role in our national economy. It (d)-------food stuff for both human and animal consumption. So people have to suffer a lot if there is any (e)----- in agricultural products. The sufferings o f the farmers and working class of people (f)------no bounds. The failure of crops causes a great economic (g)------in the country and prices of daily necessaries may go (h)------up. The floods and the subsequent (i) ------ of agricultural products are burning examples of it. We are lucky that our government has successfully j)------the problems. 18. DN B 2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. You can make grammatical changes if necessary : 1X10 = 10 livelihood causes took products depend brings agriculture on consumption beautiful supplies decline Bangladesh is our birth land. It is small but (a)------ .It is an (b)------ country. Most of the people of this country directly or indirectly (c)------- on agriculture for their (d)------ . Many important industries depend on agricultural (e) ------ 19. Agriculture (f) ------foodstuff for human and animal (g) --------- . Any (h) ------- in agricultural products (i) ------ economic depression in the country. Failure of crops (j)----- sufferings to the entire people. 20. DB-2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— IX10=10 prepare natural sphere hand use generously purpose resources fertile land rocky locality Nature has given her (a)- — — to us more (V—than many other countries of the world. Think about our (c)— - — — -, It is soft and (d)--- — -. Our farmers who have simple (e)- — - made tools can easily dig, plough and (0- — — the soil with them. Whereas lands of most other countries which are hard and (g) — — — cannot be easily dug, ploughed and prepared. We have a great (h)- — — — advantages too. We can (1) — -most of our lands for the j)— of agriculture and industry. 21. Com B 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right form of the word if needed. There are more words than necessary:— 1X10=10 little prevent remote causes irrigate behind easy recent river great verify close Crops need water. Farmers must (a) their fields if there is very (b) - rain at any time. But irrigation is not (c)---- if there is no river (d)------ to the crops. Canals can carry (e)— water to the field. Sometimes much water (f)—flood. A dam may (g)--------difficulties of irrigation. A (h)------- lake can be built (i)---- the dam . Dams are not j)------invention. 22. Raj 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— IX10=10 loses both continuous real competition matched progress loss enjoyment win matching result Without effort there can be no (a)---- in life. Life (b)----- its interest if there is no struggle. Games become dull, if there is no (c) in them and if the (d) can be easily foreseen. No matter we (e) the, game or lose it.The keener the contest, the greater the (f)----- . A victory is not a (g)----- triumph unless (h) -------the sides are equally (i) ----- Whether, we like it or not, life is one (j) ---- competitive examination. 23. JB 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— IX10=10 made passed need least literate illiterate waste remove educate necessary education compulsory We must not (a)----- our energy and money any more. We (b) —to take steps to (c) -----our people. Emphasis should be given on primary (d) There should be at (e)-----one primary school in each and every village. We are happy that our govt. has (f) ------primary education (g)------ . A law has been (h)------- in the assembly. To (i) ------ illiteracy from the country, some more steps may be taken. The j)------ adults need to be educated. 24. Syl B 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— 1X10=10 visited purse premises had frequently has 25. collected exhibitions tempted making crowded displayed Of all the (a)---- , the book fairs are of recent origin. They are (b)------held in towns and cities now. Last year I (c)-------Ekusher Boi Mela in Bangla Academy (d)--------. There were a number of stalls and thousands of books were (e) It was a great opportunity of (f)------- a varied choice of books. So many book lovers (g)--------there, I was (h)------ to buy a lot of books but my (i)-------did not permit me. As a result, I bought a few books and j)----- a lot of Catalogues. 26. BB- 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— 1X10=10 light participation prosper basic darkness educate deprive discrimination removes population development bring No nation can (a)----- without education. Education (b)---- our ignorance and gives us (c)------- of knowledge. In respect of imparting education there should be no (d)----between man and i woman. Education is one of the (e)----human rights. If we (f)----- women of the right of education, almost half of our (g)------ will remain in (h)-----.No (i)------ can be possible without the j)-------of women. 27. Ctg 2009 Fill in each gap of the following passage with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary :— 1X10=10 light bring deprive participation removes run darkness educate discrimination development basic remain Education (a)-------our ignorance and gives us (b)---of knowledge. In respect of imparting education there should be no (c)-------between man and woman. Education is one of the (d) human rights. If we (e)------women of the right of education, almost half of our population will (f)-------in (g)------. No (h)------can be brought about without (i) of women. So government is doing everything to j)-------women folk. 28. DN B 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— IX10=10 Possible time difficult spheres poor travel civilization ancient age greater all constant We live in an (a)------- of science. We can see the influence of science in all (b) ------ of life. Science is a (c) ----- companion of our daily life. We have made the impossible things (d) -----by means of science. The modern (e) is a contribution of science. At present we can easily (f) ------ from one place to another. But in (g) ------time journey was (h) ----- . Man had to spend a lot of (i)------- and money for travelling. But we should remember that science has to be exploited for the j)----- welfare of mankind. 29. DB-2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. lx 10=10 safely narrow menace invention life controlled daily lie violate happen increasing lives Road accidents are (a)----- occurrences in modern city life. Every year thousands of people lose their (b) ----and many more are injured. Before the (c) ------- of automobiles, people moved from one place to another slowly but (d) . The real causes of road accidents (e) ------with the people not with the transports. In some cities the roads are (f) ----- These can hardly cope with the (g)----- number of traffic. Besides, the traffic is not (h) ------- properly. The drivers often (i) ------ traffic rules. As road accidents become a great(j)----- immediate steps should be taken to stop the danger. 30. Com-2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 through work long blue ready inferior rational sacrifice high aware above same Man's dignity depends upon his words. Man is a (a) ----- being on the earth. He is to (b) --------for others. He should not be proud if he is of (c)------ blood. He should be (d)-------- to help any class of man. The man whom he is helping may be (e) ------- to him by birth. But after all, he is a man. He has the (f)------ blood and flesh a-s-the (g)---- mentioned man. So, he should (h)------- his own life for other's welfare. We cannot live (i) ---- on the earth. We must die once. But we can live j) --------- our works. 31. Raj 2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— 1X10=10 expected tries famous cruel study glorious institution public successful hard students result Every student expects a (a)------ result in the examination and for this he (b)------ heart and soul. There are many ways to have glorious (c)------- . Admission in the famous (d)------ is one of them. So most of the (e)----- dream for getting admission in a (f)------- institution. Most of the students start to study (g)--------- after their final examination to get admission into their (h)--------institutions. Some become (I)-------- and some become failure in their mission. The students who don't j)- ------ hard cannot succeed in this context. 32. JB 2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words in the box than necessary.IX10=10 light removes basic prosper run darkness bring participation remain educate deprive discrimination Education is the backbone of a nation. No nation can (a)-------- without education. Education (b) our ignorance and gives us (c)------ of knowledge. In respect of imparting education there should be no (d) between men and women. Education is one of the (e) ------ human rights. If we (f)------- women of the right of education, almost half of the population will (g)--------- in (h)------- . No development can be brought about in our society without the (i) ------- of women. The government of Bangladesh is doing everything to j) ------ women folk. 33. SB 2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than ncccssary :— lX10=10 help illiterate assist efforts removing aware illiteracy enlarge exist thought literacy increase Inability to read and write is (a)-------- . It hinders all development (b) of the government. The literacy rate of Bangladesh is still low. We have to (c) this rate for entire development of the country. A country's development can not be (d)-------- of keeping the large number of people (e)------- . Government alone cannot meet this challenge with out the (f)------ of the literate community. It is the social responsibility of the literate people to (g) ------ the government for the eradication of illiteracy. We must realise that we cannot (h) --------as a nation without (i) ------illiteracy from the society. So we should be j) ------- of this great problem. 34. BB 2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 ever time tomorrow suffer who lost take enough call properly shine good Time and tide waits for none. No one can (a) -------- it back. A man gets back his (b) ------money and health but cannot get back his lost time. Time once lost is lost for (c) ------- So we should make the (d) ------ use of time. We should do our duties (e) ------- .If we put off our work for (f) ---------, we may not get an opportunity to do it at all. There are some people (g)------- idle away time for nothing. They cannot prosper in life. They have to (h)------ for it. So we should (I)------ an oath that we must do our duty properly and in j) ------ . 35. CTG 2008 Fill in each cap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary :— IX10=10 through work long blue ready inferior dignity sacrifice high aware above same Man's (a) ------ depends on his work. Man is rational being. He is to (b) ------- for others. He should not be proud of his (c) -------blood. He should be (d) ------- to help anyone of any class. The man whom he is helping may be (e) ------ to him by birth. But after all he is a man. He has the (f)------- blood and flesh as the (g)------- kind of man. So, he should (h) -------his own life for others welfare. We cannot live (i) ------- on earth. We must die one day. We can live (j)------ our work. 36. DB2007 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 almost useful era without helps knowledge nations mutual necessity essential important becomes English is in International Language. As a result the (a)--------- of English has increased. Different countries have to keep (b)-------- communication among them. The (c)---------- of learning English is very great. Because it (d) us to develop a good relationship with other (e)--------- In this modern (f)-------- of communication it is not possible to advance (g)-------- it. English (h) ------- the language of the whole world. (i)-------- all books in Science and Technology have been written or translate into English. One can't think of higher studies without the j) ------- of English. 37. Com 2007 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the There are more words than necessary. IX10=10 thinking now instead again stood different following on along into up running The Pied Piper stepped into the street and began to play his pipe (a)------ . This time the music was (b)-------- . At the sound of the music all the children of Hamelin came (c)-------. The Mayor, the councilors and all the parents (d) -----dumb. The Piper walked (e) ------the streets and the children followed him. They were laughing and dancing. But (f) --------- the piper did not go towards the river. He walked towards the hill called Koppelburg (g)---------- . The parents felt relieved. (h)--------- that the piper would never be able to cross the hill. But as soon as the piper reached the hill, it opened (i) ------and he walked into it with the children j) ------ him. Then the hill closed and they were never seen again. 38. Raj 2007 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : IX10=10 light participation prosper basic darkness run deprive discrimination educate bring removes remain Education is the backbone of a nation. No nation can (a)-------- without education.Education (b)-------- our ignorance and gives us (c)--------- of knowledge. In respect of imparting education there should be no (d)-------- between man and woman. Education is one of the (e) human rights. If we (f)---------- women of the right of education, almost half of our population will (g)------- in (h)-------- . No development can be brought about in our society without the (i) --------- of women. The Government of Bangladesh is doing everything to j) ----- women folk. 39. JB 2007 Fill in each gap using a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1 x 10 = 10 result necessity know control polluted purpose sound wise balance gone conscious interest low Ashraf, who is a student of class ten, has taken a (a)-------- step. He is very much (b) ------ to visit villages along with his friends. He came to know that the villagers are not (c) -----of environmental problems. They do not (d) ----------how to keep up the (e) ------- of the environment. The villagers have no (f) over the population growth also. As a (g)-------- our environment is being (h)-------- day by day. He wants to make people know about the (i)------- of clean environment. Really, his j) ---------is great. 40. Syl B 2007 Fill in the gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right form of the word if needed. 10 41. hold, visit, recent, collecting, crowd, old, enlarge, permit, ancient, has, spread, display Amongst all the exhibitions, the book fairs are of (a)-------- origin. They are frequently (b) - ---- in towns and cities now. Last year I (c)-------- Ekuser Boi Mela in Bangla Academy premises. There were a number of stalls and thousands of books were (d)-------- . It was a great opportunity of (e)-------- a varied choice of books. In the fair, books lovers (f) -------there. I was tempted to buy a lot of books but my purse didn't (g) ---- me. As a result, I bought a few books and (h)------- a lot of catalogues. However a book fair (i) --- the message that books are our best friends. Books j) ---- our vision and make our life meaningful. 42. Bb 2007 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 heat waves disaster another work problems polluted worse form wastes climate cleared noise One of the serious (a)--------- in today's world is pollution. The air of the cities is (b) ----- by fume and smoke from motor vehicles, mills and factories. The water of the seas and lakes is poisoned by industrial (c)----------- , chemicals and other dangerous substances. Forests on very wide areas everywhere in the world are being (d)-------- and burnt. All these have disastrous effect on agriculture, on food supplies and most important of all, on (e) ----- . Climate has been affected so much that there are often strong (f)-------- in many countries :,, Europe and in the U.S.A. Many scientists warn that the effects of pollution will bring a (g)-------- for mankind in future. Noise is another (h) ----- of pollution which many people are not taking seriously. We have (i) ------ coming from all around us. It is also equally harmful because it affects our hearing, our nerves, our ability to j)---------efficiently and our general health. 43. Ctg 2007 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. IX10=10 towards created unbearable tropics dark condition cyclone speed thunders occur flashes originates A cyclone may (a) --- anytime and at any place. The violent types of (b) ---- usually hit the (c) ---- . The cyclone of Bangladesh generally (d) ------ from the Bay of Bengal and blows (e)----- the land. It is often accompanied by (f) ---- and heavy showers. Before a cyclone commences, (g) --------heat is felt for a few days. Then suddenly one day the sky becomes terribly (h)-------- with clouds and strong winds begin to blow with (i)------- of lighting and the rumbling of thunders. Thus a terrible situation is j) ------ 44. Db 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 Stretch bitting country extent scarcity migrate swampy enhance actually ecological wondering In winter we see innumerable birds come to our (a) ---- . These birds are called "Guest birds". (b) these birds come to our country in winter from Siberia. When the (c) ------cold, in Siberia reaches beyond the limit, the guest birds (d) ----- to our land. They come not only because of bitting (e)---------. but also for want of food. The most (f)--------- fact about these birds is that they fly thousands of miles at a (g)------- . They (h) ------ our natural beauty and help to maintain (i)--------- balance by eating up worms and insects. But nowadays the migratory birds don't come to our country because of the(j)----- of water land and cruelty of hunters. 45. Com 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary: 1X10=10 technology wonder totalling specta cular each I designed surrounded could called modern famous largest The Sangsad Bhaban at Sher-e-Bangla Nagar in Dhaka is a (a)-------- of modern architecture and (b)------ . It is one of the (c)-------- and most (d) ------ parliament buildings in the world. it was (e) ----- by the famous architect Louis I Kahn. This 155 feet high nine storeyed building is (f)-------- by an artificial lake (g)------ , the Crescent Lake. The structure has 1605 doors, 335 windows, 365 ventilators and corridors (h)----- to bewildering length of 41.6 kilometer. The house has 354 seats for MPs, 56 for guests, 40 for journalists and 430 for spectators. It has three party rooms in (i)------ of which can take seat 153 people. The whole place is air-conditioned and includes all j) --------amenities. 46. JB 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right form of the word if needed. You can use a word more than once. IX10=10 service remove separate society education live human Students should not (a)---------themselves from (b) ------- .They can (c) ------- the society in many ways. Their (d)----- is of great importance to society. During vacation they should go to their native village. They can (e)----- the illiterate villagers. During a flood they can (f)--------- the sufferings of the flood affected people by raising funds. As they live in (g)------- . They are (h)-------- beings. So they are not (i)------ from society. They can play an important role by j) ------ the illiteracy from the country. 47. Raj 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : IX10=10 educate waste least need made illiterate passed remove education necessary literate compulsory We must not (a)------our energy and money any more. We (b)-------- to take steps to (c) ------- our people. Emphasis should be given on primary (d)------- . There should be at (e)-------- one primary school in each and every village. We are happy that our govt.has (f)--------- primary education (g) ----- . A law has been (h)----- in the assembly. To (i) ------- illiteracy from the country, some more steps may be taken. The j) ------- adults need to be educated. 48. CTG 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : 10 about lives neglected evil proper real right been very remember bright regret Our freedom fighters are the (a)------- heroes of our country. We should (b)------- them as they sacrificed their (c) -----for the cause of our motherland. It is a matter. of great (d)------- that most of them are (e)------ and our young generation does not know (f)------- their valiant struggle. Yet today many of the real freedom fighters have not (g) found out and established. Some of them lead (h)------ poor life. The authority in power should take (i) ------ step to enlist them and give them j) ----- honour. 49. Syl 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : 10 sediment habitat I forest land repair floods effect insecurity damageprotection causes deforestation cut The most common causes of (a) ------ are cutting and burning the (b)------ Though the forest lands are (c) and burnt for the sake of agriculture and (d) -----, ithas a negative (e) ------on environment. The removal of trees (f)------ the birds and other animals living on them to leave the place. It also causes serious (g)------- to the soil, as trees give (h)------- to soil as well. In the end, the soil gets (i)------ in the river bed and causes frequent j) ----- . 50. BB 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. IX10=10 also eager overloaded sitting puller reached happened whom exactly opposite chatting as (a) ----- I was sitting at the front seat of the bus, I saw (b)----- what (c) ------. A rickshaw van (d)------ with goods was coming from the (e)------- direction, the poor (f) ------ was an old man. (g)------ , there was another person (h) ----- at the back of the van with (i) -----the puller was (j) ----- . With clues 4.0 Answers 1. DB 2011 (a)cut; (b) turn; (c) habitat; (d) live; (e) destroyed; (f) rain; (g) crisis; (h) rise; (i) effect; (j)unsuitable. 2. RB 2011 (a) beautiful; (b) agricultural; (c) depend; (d) livelihood; (e) products; (f) supplies; (g)consumption; (h) decline; (i) causes/brings; j) brings/causes. 3. Din B 2011 a) thirst; (b) satisfied; (c) known; (d) see; (e) curiosity; (fl bold; (g) inspired; (h) dangerous; i) technology; j) inconceivable. 4. JB 2011 a) essential; (b) physically; (c) struggles, (d) fitness; (e) helps; (f) enables; (g) excellent: h) free; (i) fills; (j)take. 5. Com B 2011 a) dignity; (b) work; (c) blue; (d) ready; (e) inferior; (0 same; (g) above; (h) sacrifice; i) long; (j)through. 6. Ctg B 2011 a) necessity; (b) dependent; (c) improved; (d) demand; (e) production; (f) risen; g) around; (h) sustained; (i) circumstances; j) shift 7. SB 2011 (a) developing; (b) getting; (c) communicate; (d) seems; (e) mutual; (f) make; (g) treat/take; (h) ensure; (i) distress; j) take/treat. 8. BB 2011 (a) full; (b) made; (c) objects; (d) water; (e) clothes; (f) forces; (g) currents; (h) on; (i) important; (j)clean. 9. DB 2010 (a) help (b) anything (c) charity (d) ability (e) inactive (f) indolent (g_) devoid (h) claim (i) aversion) others 10. Com 2010 (a) illiteracy (b) efforts (c) increase (d) thought (e) illiterate (f) help (g) social (h) assist (i) realise (j) removing 11. Raj 2010 (a) provides (b) develop (c) improve (d) mentally (e) useful (t) self-reliant (g) virtue (h) sympathetic (i) knowledge (j) educated 12. JB 2010 (a) real (b) remember (c) lives (d) regret (e) neglected (0 about (g) been (h) very (i) proper U) proper 13. BB 2010 (a) age (b) sphere (c) constant (d) possible (e) civilization (f) travel (g) ancient (h) difficult (i) time 0) greater 14. SB 2010 (a) noble (b) inherent (c) inspires (d) defend (e) fake (f) fraud (g) cherished (h) materialized (i) so-called (j) pretender 15. Ctg 2010 (a) depend (b) industries (c) plays (d) supplies (e) decline (f) know (g) depression (h) unnaturally (i) damages j) overcome . 16. Din 2010 (a) beautiful (b) agriculture (c) depend (d) livelihood (e) products (f) supplies (g) consumption (h) decline (i) causes 0) brings 17. DB 2009 (a) resources (b) generously (c) land (d) fertile (e) hand (f) prepare (g) rocky (h)natural (i) use 0) purpose 18. com B2009 (a) irrigate (b) little (c) easy (d) close (e) river (0 causes (g) prevent (h) great (i) behind j) recent 19. Raj 2009 (a) progress (b) loses (c) competition (d) result (e) win (f) enjoyment (g) real (h) both (i) matched 0) cntinuous 20. Jb 2009 (a) waste (b) need (c) educate (d) education (e) least (0 made (g) compulsory (h) passed (i) remove 0) illiterate 21. SB 2009 (a) exhibitions (b) frequently (c) visited (d) presmises (e) displayed (f) making (g) crowded (h) tempted (i) purse 0) collected 22. BB 2009 (a) prosper (b) dispels (c) light (d) difference / disparity (e) basic /fundamental (f) deprive (g) population (h) darkness (i) development 0) education/ enlightenment 23. Ctg B2009 (a) removes (b) light (c) discrimination (d) basic (e) deprive (f) remain (g) darkness h) development (i) participation 0) educate 24. Din B 2009 (a) age (b) spheres (c) constant (d) possible (e) civilization (f) travel (g) ancient (h) difficult (i) time j) greater 25. DB 2008 (a) daily (b) lives (c) invention (d) safely (e) lie (i) narrow (g) increasing (h) controlled (i) violate 0) menace 26. Com B 2008 (a) rational (b) sacrifice (c) blue (d) -ready (e) inferior (f) same (g) above (h) sacrifice (i) long 0) through 27. Raj B 2008 (a) glorious (b) studies (c) result (d) institution (e) students (0 famous (g) hard (h) expected (i) successful 0) try 28. Jb 2008 (a) prosper (b) removes (c) light (d) discrimination (e) basic. (fl deprive (g) remain (h) darkness (i) participation (j) educate 29. SB 2008 (a) illiteracy (b) efforts (c) increase (d) thought (e) illiterate (f) help (g) assist (h) exist (I) removing 0) aware 30. BB 2008 (a) call (b) lost (c) ever (d) best/good (e) properly (0 tomorrow (g) who (h) suffer (i) take 0) time 31. Ctg b 2008 (a) dignity (b) work (c) blue (d) ready (e) inferior (f) same (g) high (h) sacrifice (i) long (j) through 32. Db 2007 (a) importance (b) mutual (c) necessity (d) helps (e) nations (1) era (g) without (h) has become (i) almost 0) knowledge 33. Com 2007 (a) again (b) different erelit (c) running (d) stood (e) along (I) now (g) instead (h) thinking (i) up (j) following 34. Raj 2007 (a) prosper (b) removes (c) light (d) discrimination (e) basic (1) deprive (g) remain (h) darkness (i) participation (j) educate 35. JB 2007 (a) wise (b) interested (c) conscious (d) know (e) balance (0 control (g) result (h) polluted (i) necessity 0) purpose 36. SB 2007 (a) recent (b) held (c) visited (d) displayed (01 collecting (f) crowded (g) permit (h) collected (i) spreads 0) enlarge 37. BB 2007 (a) problems (b) polluted (c) wastes (d) cleared (e) climate (f) heat waves (g) disaster (h) form (I) noise j) work 38. CTG 2007 (a) occur (b) cyclone (c) tropics (d) originates (e) towards (I) thunder (g) unbearable, (h) dark (i) flashes U) created 39. DB 2006 (a) country (b) actually (c) bitting (d) migrate (e) cold (f) wondering (g) stretch (h) Aenhance (i) ecological 0) scarcity 40. CB 2006 (a) wonder (b) technology (c) largest (d) spectacular (e) designed (f) surrounded (g) called (h) totalling (i) each 0) modern 41. Raj 2006 (a) separte (b) society (c) serve (d) service (e) educate (f) remove (g) society (h) human (i) separate 0) removing 42. JB 2006 (a) waste (b) need (c) literate (d) education (e) least (f) made (g) compulsory (h) passed (i) remove 0) illiterate 43. SB 2006 (a) bright (b) remember (c) lives (d) regret (e) neglected (f) about (g) been (h) very (i) proper 0) real 44. BB 2006 (a) deforestation (b) forest land (c) cut (d) habitat (e) effect (1) causes (g) damage (h) protection (i) sediment 0) floods 45. CTg 2006 (a) as (b) exactly (c) happened (d) overloaded (e) opposite (1) puller (g) also (h) sitting (i) whom 0) chatting Gap Filling with Clues W orksheet-5.0 Dinajpur Board-2014 happen furious die live execuition know wit declare unpleasant wretch spoil possible Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) __________ his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b) __________ to stop at his capital on his way to bombay. The king called on him to know about his future and the astrologer told his something (c) _______. At this the king got (d) _______ and condemned him to (e) ________ saying. “ Men like you live?” With ready (h) __________ the astrologer said, “The stars (i) ________ that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye.” Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, “Drive this (j) _________ away, let him not come here again.” Dhaka Board-2013 lock join spread violate wound take term injure kill enforce martyr consider Shahed Doctor Shamsuzzhoa is (a) __________ to be the first intellectual who attained (b) ________ during the pre-liberation period of Bangladesh.. Following the (c) ________ of sergent Zohurul Hoque in prison by the autocratic Ayub Khan government, a flame of protest (d) _________ throughout erstwhile East pakistan. On February 17, 1969 section 144 was (e) _________ on Rajshahi city. The student of Rajshahi university who had (f) __________ the protest, took out a procession in (g) _________ of Section 144 and were (h) ___________ in a clash with police in front of the residence of the principal of Rajshahi Medical college. As a result, several students were (i) __________. On hearing this, Doctor Zoha, a professor of chemistry and proctor of the University, rushed to the spot and took the (j) _________ students to hospital. Comilla Board- 2013 manking endanger be save concern mean protection destory species perish spoil change All Species are important for maintaining ecological balance. If one is lost, the whole natural environment gets (a) ______. We should (b) ________ our wildlife to protect the environment from being (c) ______. Many countries are not taking action to protect theirf (d) _______ wildlife. Manking must developy a (e) _______ for wild creatures and must ensure that they will not (f) ___________ (g) _________ wild creatures means destroying ourselves. It is high time we (h) ________ them. Love for animals (i) ________ love for (j) ___________. Rajshahi Board-2013 fundamentally atmosphere deplete fall accumulate eventual endanger give inundate primary grow coal Scientists have recently reported that the poplar ice caps are melting. This is due to a rise in (a) __________ temperatures known as the ‘Greenhouse Effect’ Carbonioxide is (b) _________ responsible for temperature rise in atmosphere. The carbonioxide is (c) ______ off when coal and oil are burnt. This gas is (d) _______ in the air and the ice caps in the north and south poles are melting. This may (e) ________ lead to a rise in the sea levels which could (f) _________ many areas of the globe. The “Greenhouse Effect” is just one of many (g) ________ changes which are taking place in the environment. Tropical rain forests , which took fifty million years (h) _________ are being (i) ______ at the rate of fourteen acres per minute. The total area of the world’s deserts is increasing every year. Many species of animals and plants are (j) __________ with the threat of extinction. Jessore Board – 2013 activate general face freely water remain be troublesome because which log drainage intensify part We (a) _________ fall into jam on the roads and streets. Sometimes, specially in rainy season water (b) _______ stagnant on the road even for 2/3 days, (c) ________ causes a serious traffic jam. Water remains (d) ________ the road from 1 to 1.5 feet. The rain gets (e) _________ with dust, mud etc. Most of the time the (f) ________ system is not active and it becomes (g) __________ for the passerby. The pedestrians (h) ________ a lot of problems as they can’t move (i) ________. The drainage system should be (j) ________ and city authorities should be careful in this respect. Barisal Board- 2013 aware use usual develop mother spontaneous acquisition ability fact acquire learning natural competent communication Communicative competence refers to the (a) ______ to use language appropriately in various circumstances. There are two ways of (b) _________ communicative competence in a language. The first is (c) _______Which is similar to the way people develop ability in their (d) _________ tongue. They are aware only of the (e) _________ that they are (f) _________ the language for (g) ___________ . It is a (h) ________, subconscious process in which users not (i) _________ of acquiring a language. In non-technical terms, acquisition is picking up a language (j) ____________. Sylhet Board- 2013 caprice leisure neglect street scrutiny credit want opinion employment reject friends money Literally and truly, one cannot get on well in the world without (a) _______. To be in (b) _________ of it, is to pass through life with little (c) _________ or pleasure; it is to be despised; it is consulted or else (f) _______ with contempt, it is to be (g) ________ by strangers and neglected by (h) _________, it is to forego (i) _______, freedom, ease of body and mind, to be dependent on the good will and (j) ________ of others. Chittagong Board- 2013 even distance watch information become source run show enjoy vary see numerous Television has (a) ________the most common and widespread (b) _______ of entertainment of the present world. A wide range of programmers of (c) _________ interest is telecast on (d) ________channels. Almost every middle class and (e) _________ working class families have a educative. For example, television is used for (g) ________ learning. Courses (h) _______ by the open university are (i) _______ on BTV. Several channels like the discovery and the National Geographic channels telecast highly (j) ________ programmers. Dinajpur Board- 2013 enter expansion tremendously universities awards contribute much course traditional students rewards subscribe high Higher education in Britain has experienced a dramatic (a) _______ . One in three young people not (b) _________ higher education compared to one in six in 1989. The number of graduates also has increased (c) _______. There are some (d) ________ in Britain which offer (e) __________ in a wide range of subjects including (f) ___________ arts subjects as well covering tuition fees and a maintenance grant. Parents also (i) ________ the amount depending on their income. The overseas students have to pay very (j) _______ tuition fees. Dhaka Board- 2012 even distance watch information become source run show enjoy vary see numerous Television has (a) ________the most common and widespread (b) _______ of entertainment of the present world. A wide range of programmers of (c) _________ interest is telecast on (d) ________channels. Almost every middle class and (e) _________ working class families have a educative. For example, television is used for (g) ________ learning. Courses (h) _______ by the open university are (i) _______ on BTV. Several channels like the discovery and the National Geographic channels telecast highly (j) ________ programmers. Comilla Board- 2012 enable educated choice importance healthy food develop protect need education know ability Education is one of the basic (a) _________ of a human being. It is (b) ________ for the (c) _________of mind. many illiterate people do not have any (d) _________ of health. If they were (e) __________, they could live a (f) __________ and planned life. (g) ________ teaches us how to live well. It (h) _________ us to make the right (i) ______ in life. It enhances our (j) _________ to face our every day problems. Rajshahi Board- 2012 bring need spend give include fail go organize boost close development proper If all the children in Bangladesh (a) _________ to school, the country would get of the curse of illiteracy. To (b) ________ up education, the government, should spend more money. Subsidies must be (c) ________ in the education sector. Teachers are (d) _______ to be trained for good teaching. The poor students can (e) _______ under ‘Food for Education’ program. We should take care that no institution is (f) ________ down due to political clashes. More co-curricular activities are to be (g) ________ to enable students to (h) their non-academic skills-like debate, creative thinking and (i) _______ events etc. It is our social responsibility to educate our children and the (j) _________ of which will lead to catastrophe. Jessore Board- 2012 variety item communication require communicative tradition four foreign purpose international base imply speaks skill English is called an (a) ________ language. In almost all countries, there are people who can (b) _______ English. No other language than English serves the (c) ________ of a common language through which people can (d) _______ with one another across the national border. We should learn English for a great (e) ________ of purpose. English is a skill (f) ________ subject. We should therefore learn the (g) ________ skills of listening, reading and writing. The communicative approach to learning English does not (h) ________ one to know or learn definitions of grammar (i) ________. Traditional grammar has little or no place in learning English through the (j) _______ approach. Sylhet Board- 2012 read use tips see dots print although touch develop bear way call (a) _________ blind people cannot (b) _______, their sense of (c) _______ becomes far more (d) ______ than that of most sighted people. This ability was put to use by a brilliant man (e) _______ Louis Braille. In the early 19th century, he invented a (f) ______ of writing which (g) ______his name. The Braille system reproduces the letters of the alphabet by a series of (h) ______ in certain positions, which are raised on the paper. The blind person runs the (i) ________ of his fingers across the pages of the braille book and can work out the letters and numbers (j) ______________ there. Barisal Board- 2012 Spend commit when unberable nature earn gender world depend suicide married very cost because It is very (a) _______ that man loves his life most of all things and he wants to live or survive a bit longer at any (b) _____. However, every year thousands of people (c) ________ suicide in Bangladesh. It is seen that most of the people commuting suicide are those (d) ______ women who (e) _________ on their husbands for thir living. But why do they commit suicide when people love their lives most? Most probably, they decide to kill them-selves (f) _______ they feel entirely helpless and meaningless to live. The bitterness and sufferings of life become totally (g) ________. However, the incident of suicide among the self- reliant women is (h) _________ rare. So, can’t we say that the unfortunate women would not have committed (i) __________ if they had been self-reliant and had an independent way of (j) ________ their livelihood without being dependent on their husbands? Chittagong Board- 2012 drink eat nutrition satisfy happen lack need heart knowledge preserve mind for While (a) ___________ food we should bear in (b) ________ that we don’t eat just to (c) ___________ hunger or to fill the belly. We eat (d) ________ our health. For good health a man (e) ________ good food. Sometimes it so (f) ________ that people who live even in the midst of plenty do not eat the food they need for good health because they have no (g) ________ health and (h) _________. They do not know how to select a (i) _______ diet from the many foods that are (j) _________ to them. Dinajpur Board- 2012 drink eat available nutrition satisfy happen lack need heart balanced knowledge mind for While (a) ___________ food we should bear in (b) ________ that we don’t eat just to (c) ___________ hunger or to fill the belly. We eat (d) ________ our health. For good health a man (e) ________ good food. Sometimes it so (f) ________ that people who live even in the midst of plenty do not eat the food they need for good health because they have no (g) ________ health and (h) _________. They do not know how to select a (i) _______ diet from the many foods that are (j) _________ to them. Dhaka Board- 2011 spelling language alphabetic find syllable neglect noun life synonyms picture friends antonyms Dictionaries are very important books in the (a) ________ of a people. A dictionary lists the words in a language (b) _______, so that the reader may (c) _________ them easily. A dictionary entry gives us the accepted (d) _______ of a word, its division into (e) ________, its pronunciation, its origins, and its meanings. Sometimes a dictionary also provides (f) ________ or opposites of a word. In addition, if the word is a (g) ______ that describes a visible thing, the dictionary may provide a (h) ______ of it. Dictionaries of the past, present and future can become your teachers and good (i) ______. Don’t (j) _______ them. Comilla Board- 2011 waste community sphere women family returns educate develop children walfare mother sector Education for girls is essential for the development in all (a) ______ of the society. So, investments in the education of (b) _____ will bring in greater (c) _______ in the field of economic and social (d) _______. Educated (f) ______ are more likely to send their (g) ______ to school and look after their health and nutrition. Thus (h) _____ women can contribute to the (i) ______ development. On the other hand, failure to educate women is a tremendous (j) _______ of human resource. Rajshahi Board- 2011 joyous food become remain gift favorite eager want flood invite festive elders Children are very fond of festivals. They become very (a) ______ on a day of festival. If it is their birthday, their joys become over (b) ______. They become very (c) ______ to have wishes from their beloved persons. The whole day they (d) _______ to spend times in joy. Usually a child on its birthday, gets up early and tries to (e) ______ close to their parents. It (f) _____ a nice day, if it is presented anything very (g) ______ to it. Children also want to have their friends (h) _____ to their house on a festival. They expect to have a party. Their joys give plesure to their (i) ______. We should try to keep the children always in a (j) ______ mind. Jessore Board- 2011 Identity pioneer leader man than went combining student remember now know then design concept Hamidur Rahman was the (a) _____ who gave shape to the (b) ______ and design of the shaheed minar, by (c) ______ all the aspiration of bengali (d) ______ and nationalism. He was the first art (e) ______ of Bangladesh who in the 1950s (f) _______ to europe and studied at “Ecole de Beaux Art” in paris. He was the (g) ______ of the new painting movement in the (h) ______ Pakistan. But he is most (i) ________ for his remarkable (j) _________ of the Central Shaheed Minar. Sylhet Board- 2011 wake obtain expression go till be moment integral perceive what by use Language (a) _________ an important medium of expression of though, feelings, ideas etc. We use it from the (b) _________ we wake up in the morning (c) ________ we go to bed at night. We use language not only during our (d) ________ hours but also in our dreams. We use language to (e) ________ what we feel and to say (f) _______ we like or dislike. We also use it to (g) _______ information. In short, language is an (h) ________ part of what we do, (i) ________ and believe. We must avoid (j) ________ bad language. Barisal Board- 2011 appear use at afflict differ city alarm due pollute severe increase from suffer rural Many diseases are rising (a) ________ an (b) _______ rate, which experts believe is (c) ________ to increased (d) ________ of the environment. Pollution (e) ______ to be greater in urban areas although rural societies too are (f) _______ by (g) _______ use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides. Nevertheless, today city people (h) ________ to suffer from many more diseases and suffer more (i) _______ than country people. Now let us see how life in cities is (j) ________ from that in the country. Chittagong Board- 2011 warmer flood change climate catastrophic severely alarm gradual rise evidence destroy unnecessary prediction increase The world is getting (a) _______because of pollution. Every year millions of people all over the world die (b) _______ as a result of pollution. In recent years, there have been many (c) _____ reports that the world’s (d) _________ is undergoing a significant (e) __________. All these reports provide strong (f) _______ that world temperatures are dy by day. Climatologists (h) ________ that mid way through the next century temperature may have (i) _________ as much as 4 dgree centigrae. This could raise sea levels and thereby (j) __________ coastal areas and farmlands. Dinajpur Board- 2011 arrive massive remain spectacular round permanent know present right symbol office construction In 1884 France (a) ________ the United states with gift as a dramatic gesture of friendship. This (b) _______ gift was in the form of a huge copper statue. Its (c) ______ name is “Liberty Enlightening the world”. Most people, however, (d) ________ it simply as the statue of liberty. The pieces of the statue (e) _______ in the united states in 214 cases. The French people donated the money for the (f) _____ of the statue. Grateful, the people of the United states collected the funds for the (g) _______ granite and concrete pedestal. This impressive monument found a (h) ______ home on liberty island in New York harbour. At 151 feet and 1 inch high, it (i) ______ one of the largest statues in the world. The monumental lady with the torch quickly became a (j) _______ of American democracy. Dhaka Board- 2010 employ impact plan rural reduce importance lend international growth emphasize poor raise Micro-credit institutions have a great (a) ________ in Bangladesh. Grameen Bank is one oth them which has (b) _______ recognition. It (c) ________ money to the poor especially the (d) ________ women. It (e) ___________ the need to develop skills and (f) _________ consciousness among them. It creates (g) _________ opportunity for rural women. This institution has a positive (h) _________ on their economic-variables and family (i) __________. It also helps to (j) _____________ their poverty. Comilla Board- 2010 happen furious die spoil live execution knowing wit pleasant declare wretch unpleasant expire cause Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) _______ his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b) _______ to stop at his capital on his way to benaras. The king called on him to know about his future and the astrologer told him something (c) _________. At this the king got (d) ________ and condemned him to (e) _________saying, “Men like you should not live to (f) _______ the peace of the world”. But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g) ________. “How long will you live?” asked the king. With ready (h) ______ the astrologer said, “ The stars (i) _______ that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye.” Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, “Drive this (j) _________ away, let him not come here again.” Rajshahi Board- 2010 resources potential create for achievement likely fail have returns from among success Investment in education (a) ___________ girls increases the economic and social (b) __________ of development investment in all other sectors. Educating girls contributes (c) __________ wealth through its impact on economic development. Educated women have a higher income (d) _______than those who have (e) ________ no schooling. Educated mothers are more (f) _______to send both their boys and girls to school. It is important to realise that (g) _______ in girls education generally results (h) _______ an integrated approach to community development. Thus (i) ______ to educate girls results in a tremendous waste of potential human (j) __________. Jessore Board- 2010 traditional only no strategy development run conquer not widespread in privilege alone In ancient times, education was (a) ________ for the general people but a (b) ________ for the chosen few who took on (c) __________ roles in the (d) _________ of the state and in religion. (e) _________ Greece, education became more (f) _________ in about the 5th century BC. The greeks, however, sent (g) _______ their male children to school. When rome was (h) _______ by the Greeks, the Romans under Greek influence (i) ______ a strong (j) _______ of literacy. Sylhet Board- 2010 enables educated choice importance healthy know develop protect need education food ability Education is one of the basic (a) _________ of a human being. It is (b) _________ for the (c) __________ of mind. Many illiterate people do not have any (d) __________ of health. If they were (e) __________ they could live a (f) _________ and planned life. (g) ____________ teaches us how to live well. It (h) __________ us to make the right (i) ___________ in life. It enhances our (j) ___________ to face our every day problems. Barisal Board- 2010 happen furious die spoil live execution knowing wit pleasant declare wretch unpleasant expire cause Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) _______ his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b) _______ to stop at his capital on his way to benaras. The king called on him to know about his future and the astrologer told him something (c) _________. At this the king got (d) ________ and condemned him to (e) _________saying, “Men like you should not live to (f) _______ the peace of the world”. But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g) ________. “How long will you live?” asked the king. With ready (h) ______ the astrologer said, “ The stars (i) _______ that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye.” Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, “Drive this (j) _________ away, let him not come here again.” Chittagong Board- 2010 solve ensure in vain address work must alays paramount originate uplifiment balance harass call never (a) _____________ illiteracy problem is the (b) __________ task of the hour. We must educate all of our people (c) __________ our balanced development; otherwise all of our development plans must go (d) _________. If we can educate our people, half of our problems will be automatically (e) _______. That’s why, education is (f) ______ the nerve of development. All strength and power to (g) _______ the development of the country (h) ______ from education. So, we (i) ______ give topmost priority on education sector if we really want the (j) ______ of our dear motherland. Dinajpur Board- 2010 add breathe need plant prevent preserve produce protect provide take give wash Trees are very useful to human beings. They (a) ________ the rich top soil from being (b) _________away by rain, water and floods. You can see trees being (c) ______ along mountain slopes, on roadsides, in parks and gardens. Trees give us shade. They (d) _______ life to place with their colourful flowers, beautiful leaves, fruits and thick trunks. They (e) ______ shelters for birds and animals. They give us timber, medicines, paper, gum and many other useful things. They (f) ________ in carbon dioxide and (g) _______ oxygen. As you know, by now man (h) _______oxygen to (i) ______ and live. Trees are ouur best friends. We should (j) _________ them and plant more trees around us. Dhaka Board- 2009 resources potential create for among likely fail have returns achievement success from Investment in education (a) _________ girls increases the economic and social (b) _________ of development investment in all other sectors. Educating girls contributes (c) _________wealth through its impact on economic development. Educated women have a higher income (d) _________ than those who have (e) ______ no schooling. educated mothers are more (f) ______ to send both their boys and girls to school. It is important to realise that (g) ______ in girl’s education generally results (h) ______ an integrated approach to community development. Thus (i) _________ to educate girls results in a tremendous waste of potential human (j) ___________. Comilla Board- 2009 growth wife income cost day to day okay intend astonish share expensive ability pretty rented Hellow, my name is Charles karoro and I am a banker. My salary is (a) ___________ but the (b) __________ expenses in Nairobi are (c) ______ high. Both housing and food are (d) _________ in the capital. I have (e) ________ an apartment but it is really too small for my family. Of course it doesn’t have a garden. So my (f) ______ Maria, who loves gardening, can’t (g) _________ anything. She can’t go out to work either because there’s no one else in the house to look after the children. So the whole family depends on my (h) _______ alone. I have great hopes for my children and would like to send them to a good school. But good schools are very (i) ________. I am not sure how much I will be able to help them. Moreover, I am often in a fix about whether I should (j) ________ my income with my brother in the village. Rajshahi Board- 2010 happen furious die spoil live execution knowing wit pleasant declare wretch unpleasant expire cause Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) _______ his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b) _______ to stop at his capital on his way to benaras. The king called on him to know about his future and the astrologer told him something (c) _________. At this the king got (d) ________ and condemned him to (e) _________saying, “Men like you should not live to (f) _______ the peace of the world”. But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g) ________. “How long will you live?” asked the king. With ready (h) ______ the astrologer said, “ The stars (i) _______ that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye.” Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, “Drive this (j) _________ away, let him not come here again.” Jessore Board- 2009 survive surroundings look escape method leaf protect from different move colour fly Animals must be able to (a) __________ themselves from enemies in order to (b) _______. Different animals have (c) _______ ways. Some animals have protective colouring that is their (d) _______changes to match their (e) ______. The common tree toad changes (f) _______ gray to green when it (g) ______ from the trunk of a tree to a green (h) ______. Similarly the dead-leaf butterfly (i) _______ being seen by its enemies because it (j) _______ like a dry leaf. Barisal Board- 2009 with improve not mean maintain upon stop take easily than keep depend raise avoid Overeating (a) ______ taking too much food (b) ______ one needs. We eat (c) ______ to overload out stomach but to (d) ______ a sound health. A sound health (e) _____ on eating habit to some extent. Overeating tells (f) _______ our health. By (g) _______ awareness of the people the habit of overeating can be (h) _______. With a view to (j) ________ our body fit, we should (j) ______ taking too much food. Sylhet Board - 2009 joyful eager remain want gift flood invite amity elder favourite festive delightful shy Children are very fond of festivals. They become very (a) _______ on a day of festival. If it is there birthday, their joys become over (b) ________. They become very (c) _____ to have wishes from their beloved persons. Whole day they (d) _______ to spend times in joys. Usuallly a child on her birthday gets up early and tries to (e) _______ close to her presents. It becomes a (f) ________ day, if she is presented anything very (g) _______ to her. Children also want to have their friends (h) ________ to their house on a festival. They expect to have a party. Their joys give pleasure to their (i) ______. We should try to keep the children always in a (j) ________ mind. Chittagong Board- 2009 carry provide get essential adopt define needs yardstick shelter enhance protect aware perform Education is one of the basic (a) _______ of a human being and is (b) ______ for every kind of development. It (c) ________ us to make right choices in life. It (d) ______ our ability to raise crops, store food, (e) _____ the environment and (f) _______ out our social responsibilities. It (g) ________ us with an enlightened (h) _______ about things, But education has to be (i) ______. It is not merely (j) ______ degrees from schools, colleges and universities. It is something more lasting, more humane. Dinajpur Board- 2009 attitude amply predetermined ordered ordained sorrows out look belief undergo hold fate poor There are many people in our country who have a conservative (a) _____. Quite early in life they learn to (b) ______ that everything in this world was (c) _____. They think all that happens to there was (d) ______ by god. From this belief the poor generally accept their (e) ______. They also (g) _______ a firm belief that those who (h) ______ sufferings in this world will be (i) _______ rewarded in the next world. They also have the same sort of (j) _________ towards illness and disease. Dhaka Board- 2009 friendly beautiful show pace getting on library charming easy probably impression simply residence difference It seems hard to believe that I’ve been in Savar for a whole month now! I promised to write and tell you how I was (a) _____. So here goes. When I first got here I just couldn’t get used to the (b) ______ of life. Now, though, I am learning to take things (c) _______ I am beginning to feel at home. You can’t imagine how (d) _______ the university campus is. Its very large very green and (e) _________ the best campus in the country. It’s _______ (f) _________ wonderful. My first (g) _______ of the students and teachers here is that they are really (h) ______ and helpful. And the (i) ______ is wonderful. As you know, I am staying in a hall of (j) ______ but life here is so different particularly if you are used to home comfort. Comilla Board- 2009 device trained about perform essential great abacus fairly large special recent sense refers called The computer is a fairly (a) ________ invention. It has now become an (b) ______ part of modern life. It has greatly benefited us and brought (c) _______ revolutionary changes in our life. Any (d) ______ that helps people perform mathematical calculation may be (e) ________ a computer (g) ________ to special kind of electronic machine that can perform mathematical calculations and process (h) _______ masses of information at a (i) ______________ speed. In a few minutes a computer can perform calculation that (j) ________ mathematicians would need years to complete. ​ Gap Filling With Clues Worksheet-5.1 1. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box recent trained fairly essential abacus computer device process about modern perform machine sense specially The computer is a (a) - recent invention. It has now become an important part of (b) - life. It has greatly benefited us and brought (c) - revolutionary changes in our life. Any (d) - that helps people (e) - mathematical calculation may be called a computer. In this sense the (f) - is a simple computer. Today, however, the term (g)- refers to special kind of electronic (h) - that can perform mathematical calculations and (i) - large masses of information at a great speed. In a few minutes a computer can perform calculation that (j)-mathematicians would need years to complete. 2. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Growth Wife Income cost Ability rented Day to day Okey Intend Astonish Expensive Share pretty Hello, my name is Charles Kararo and I am a banker. My salary is (a)--- but the (b)—expenses in Nairobi are (c)—high. Both housing and food are (d)---- in the capital. I have an apartment but it is really too small for my family. Of course it doesn’t have a garden. So my (f)—Maria, who loves gardening, can't go out to work either because there's no one else in the house to look after the children. So the whole family depends on my (h)- alone. I have great hopes for my children and would like to send them to a good school. But good schools are very (i)--- I am not sure how much I will be able to help them. Moreover. I am often in a fix about whether I should (j)-- my income with my brothers in the village. 3. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Happen Furious Die Spoil Live Excution Unpleasant Knowing Wit Pleasant Declare Wretch Cause expire Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b)----to stop at his capital on his way to Benaras. The king called on him to know about the future and the astrologer told him something (c) . At this the king got (d)---- and condemned him to (e)----saying, "Men like you should not live to (f)---- the peace of the world". But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g)--- "How long will you live?" asked the king. With ready (h)---the astrologer said. "The stars (i)---- that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye." Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, "Drive this (j)----away, let him not come here again." 4. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box recent trained fairly essential abacus computer device process about modern perform machine sense specialy process The computer is a (a) - recent invention. It has now become an important part of (b) - life. It has greatly benefited us and brought (c) - revolutionary changes in our life. Any (d) - that helps people (e) - mathematical calculation may be called a computer. In this sense the (f) - is a simple computer. Today, however, the term (g)- refers to special kind of electronic (h) - that can perform mathematical calculations and (i) - large masses of information at a great speed. In a few minutes a computer can perform calculation that (j)-mathematicians would need years to complete. 5. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Warming Cut Rise Anticipation Habitats Particularly Provide Increase Exticntion Recklessly Severe Imperative Catastrophe alarming The destruction of forests and other (a)---.is causing the (b)—of varous plants and animals. In the last 25 years alone the world has lost one third of its natural wealth. Forests are being (c)—down. Moreover, they are being burnt (d)—resulting in an (e)--- in carbon dioxide and ultimately the water level is (f)—as a consequence of global (g)--. It is (h)—that the new century will face an overwhelming environments (i)--. It is therefore (j)—check the reckless pollution of the environment. 6. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Carr Provide Get Essential Atribute Hence Define Needs Enables Yardstick Adipt Shelter Enhance Protect Aware perform Education is one of the basic (a) -of ubuman 6,6ttg and is (b) - for every kind of development. It (c) -us to make right choices in life. It (d) - our ability to raise crops, store food, (e) -- the environment and (f) - out our social responsibilities. It (g) - us with an enlightened (h) -- about things. But education has to be (i) It is not merely 0) - degrees from schools, colleges and universities. It is something more lasting, more humane. 7. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box safe cover know develop precaution time recur safe belief possible loss direct compulsory be reduce belief Bangladesh (a) -- in the active earthquake zone. It is (b) - to all Bangladeshis. Experts are alarmed by the (c) - of quakes during recent years. But they give no (d) - answer to the question of (e) - about the buildings of Dhaka city. As there is every (t)=-of earthquakes in Bangladesh, experts call for taking adequate (g) - measures to (h) - losses. RAJUK (i) - that an earthquake resistant building code should be (j)-. 8. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box establlishe transmitted simultancously storee base time made personal clecronic communication easily im prove sent actually E -mail means (a) --mail. It is an electronic (b) - of communication. E-mail (c) - is user to user but telex communication is terminal to terminal. Telephone connection often takes a lot of time to be (d) -- because both the caller and the called must be present (e)- `Bwt e-mail is a computer (f) -- system and thernessages that are (g)- via the computer become (h) -- in the mail box of an individuals (i) - computer without the need of his being (j)--- present. Thus, e-mail saves both time and money. 9. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box With Improve Not Mean Maintain Upon Stop Take Easily Than Keep Depend Raise avoid Overeating (a) - taking too much food (b) - one needs. We eat (c) to overload our stomach but to (d) - a sound itmith- A sound health (e) - on eating habit, to some extent. Overeating tells (f) - our health. By (g) - awareness of the people the habit of overeating can be (h) -. With a view to (i) - our body fit, we should taking too much food. 10. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Carr Provide Get Essential Atribute Hence Define Needs Enables Yardstick Adipt Shelter Enhance Protect Aware perform Education is one of the basic (a) ---(b)--- for every kindof development. It (c)—right choices in life. It (d)---our ability to raise crops, store food, (e)—the environment and (f)—out “our social responsibilities. It (g)—us with an enlightened (h)—about things. But education has to be (i)--. It is not merely (j)—degrees from schools, colleges and universities. It is something more lasting, more humane 11. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Add Breathe need Plant Prevent Preserve Grow Produce Protect Provide Take Give Wash gather Trees are very useful to humans. They (a)--- the rich top of soil from being –(b) away by rain water and floods. You can see trees being (c) -- along mountain slopes on road sides, in parks and gardens. Trees give us shade. They (d) - life to place with their colourful flowers, beautiful leaves, fruits and thick trunks. They (e) - shelters for birds and animals. They give us timber, medicines, paper, gum and many other useful things. They (f)- - in carbon dioxide and (g)---oxygen.. As you know, by now man (h) - oxygen to (i) -and live, Trees are our best friends. We should (j)- -them and plant more trees around us. 12. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Happen Furious Die Spoil Live Excution Unpleasant Knowing Wit Pleasant Declare Wretch Cause expire Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b)----to stop at his capital on his way to Benaras. The king called on him to know about the future and the astrologer told him something (c) . At this the king got (d)---- and condemned him to (e)----saying, "Men like you should not live to (f)---- the peace of the world". But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g)--- "How long will you live?" asked the king. With ready (h)---the astrologer said. "The stars (i)---- that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye." Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, "Drive this (j)----away, let him not come here again." 13. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Eager Joyous Become Remain Festive Favourite Food Want Flood Invite Gift elders Children are very fond o 'festivals. They become very (a) - on a day of festival. If it is their birthday, their joys be over (b) -. They become very (c) - to have wishes form their beloved persons. The whole day they (d) - to times in joy. Usually a child on its birthday, gets up early and tries to (e) - close to their parents. It (f) - a nice da is presented anything very (g) - to it. Children also want to have their friends (h) - to their house on a festival . expect to have a party. Their joys give pleasure to their (i) -.- We should try to keep the children always in a (j)---mind. 14. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Drink Eat Available Nutrition Satisfy Happen Lack Need Heart Balanced Knowledge Preserve Mind for While (a)—food we should bear in (b)—that we don’t eat just to (c)—hunger or to fill the belly. We eat to (d)—our health. For good health a man (e)—good food. Sometimes it so (f)—that people who live even in the midst of plenty do not eat the food they need for good health because they have no (g)—of science and health and (h)--. They do not know how to select a (i)—diet from the many foods that are (j)—to them. 15. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box flood rise climate warmer alarm unnecessarily prediction change evidence destroy catastrophically gradual severely increase The world is getting (a) - because of pollution. Every year millions of people all over the world die (b) - as a result Qf pollution. In the recent years there have been (c) - reports that the world's (d) - is undergoing a significant (e) -. All these reports provide strong (f) - that world temperatures are (g) - day by day. Climatologists (h) - that mid way through the next century temperatures may have (i) - as much as 4°C. This could raise sea levels and thereby (j) -coastal areas and farm lands. 16. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Find Prevail Both Available Neat Caterers Appeal Take Submit Looking Be Collection Look book A library serves as the source of knowledge (a)—for the students and the teachers. It is a large (b)—of book. Among these, there are books on courses that are taught in different classes. There (c)—books on extracurricular subjects also. In the library, newspapers and priodicals are also (d)--. The library (e)—to the tastes of different people. Books are arranged in shelves (f) -. There are library assistants who are also helpful for the readers. One head librarian (g) - after the library. So the readers do not have any problem in (h) - out the right book. There is also a reading room where silence (i) -. One can also take books from the library for reading at home by (j) - library cards to the librarian 17. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box joyful eager remain want gift food invite amity elder favourite festive delightful shy Children are very fond of festivals. They become very (a)---on a day of festival. If it is their birthday, their joys become over (b)---- They become very (c)----to have wishes from their beloved persons. Whole day they (d)----to spend times in joys. Usually a child on her birthday gets up early and tries to (e)---close to her presents. It becomes a (fl day, if she is presented anything very (g) to her. Children also want to have their friends (h)----to their house on a festival. They expect to have a party. Their joys give pleasure to their (i)----We should try to keep the children always in a (j) mind. 18. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Go Have Find Lose Die Are Way consider Prefer Enjoy Be Dead Preference Take Bound get We find changes in amusement and entertainment that (a)—taken place over time. Common forms of entertainment like snake charming, puppet shows, jarigan (b)—popular in the past past are gradually (c)—their appeal. They are (d)—out. We don’t (e)—the existence of many of these. Now people like to (f)—T.V. they (g)—concert, disco, pop etc. All the changes that have (h)—place today are not (i)—good. Sometimes people are (j)—to receive some bad aspects of Western culture. 19. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Educate Recreation Religion Original Question Broadcast Sent Aim Facilities Concern Look Consider Though taken Tcievlsion, a source of much knowledge, pleasure, and information and a widely used media of mass communication, is now being (a) - at from a different point of view. Is the TV really doing good, especially to the youngsters of our w+ generation? It is an important (b) - both to ask and to answer indeed. Looked from an (c) - point of view, the TV is to be (d) - one of the most effective means of educating both the students and the public as a whole. Again, it has almost become the most effective and popular means of people's (e) -. Films, dramas, songs, dances, comedy scrim-all these are very attractive packages of programmes. As a means of communications TV is, (f) - not the most atqpcr*artt. yet the most effective and useful means of communication. Up to this point, we must say that the TV is doing good to our youngsters by educating them and by giving them recreational (g) -. But as far as the satellite TV is (h)--- we cannot say this for certainly. The commercial package programmes (i) - by satellite TVs are detrimental to our young generation, pernicious to our societies, threatening to our values and traditions and (j)—beliefs. 20. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box mentally educated genius help development useful assist sympathetic wise improve provides self-reliant called equip Proper education (a) - a learner with opportunities to (b) - all his latent talents. Its aim is to (c) - him physically and (d) - so that he can be (e) - to himself and to the society. An educated man is (f) -- but he also (g) - -others in attaining self-reliance. He is supposed to be wellmannered, kind and (h)- -. So a man who has acquired knowledge and skill only for his material development cannot be (i) - a truly (j)---man. 21. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Husband Consider Dominated Happy Protect Education Issue Beat Law Healthy Save subsevient Women un our society have always been considered (a)—to men. The majority of houses are being (b)—usually by (c)--and women most often have no say in opinion. Their opinion is (d)--unnecessary even in such important (e) -- as the number of children they would like to have. In many households they arc (f) -by the husbands. To (g) -- their rights the Govt has introduced law. But (h) --sometimes can't (i)---them. So, what is more needed for them is the proper (j)-- - . 22. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Add Breathe need Plant Prevent Preserve Grow Produce Protect Provide Take Give Wash gather Trees are very useful to humans. They (a)--- the rich top of soil from being –(b) away by rain water and floods. You can see trees being (c) -- along mountain slopes on road sides, in parks and gardens. Trees give us shade. They (d) - life to place with their colourful flowers, beautiful leaves, fruits and thick trunks. They (e) - shelters for birds and animals. They give us timber, medicines, paper, gum and many other useful things. They (f)- - in carbon dioxide and (g)---oxygen.. As you know, by now man (h) - oxygen to (i) -and live, Trees are our best friends. We should (j)- -them and plant more trees around us. 23. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box With Improve Not Mean Maintain Upon Stop Take Easily Than Keep Depend Raise avoid Overeating (a) - taking too much food (b) - one needs. We eat (c) to overload our stomach but to (d) - a sound itmith- A sound health (e) - on eating habit, to some extent. Overeating tells (f) - our health. By (g) - awareness of the people the habit of overeating can be (h) -. With a view to (i) - our body fit, we should taking too much food. 24. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Happen Furious Die Spoil Live Excution Unpleasant Knowing Wit Pleasant Declare Wretch Cause expire Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b)----to stop at his capital on his way to Benaras. The king called on him to know about the future and the astrologer told him something (c) . At this the king got (d)---- and condemned him to (e)----saying, "Men like you should not live to (f)---- the peace of the world". But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g)--- "How long will you live?" asked the king. With ready (h)---the astrologer said. "The stars (i)---- that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye." Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, "Drive this (j)--- -away, let him not come here again." ​ 25. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Attitude Amply Predetermined Ordered Ordained Sorrows Out look Belief Undergo Hold Fate poor There are many people in our country who have a conservative (a0--. Quite early inlife they learn to (b)—that everything in this world was (c)--. They think all that happens to them was (d)—by God. From this belief the poor generaly accept their (e)--. They also accept all their (f)—and sufferings without trying much to overcome them. They also(g)—a firm belief that those who (h)— sufferings in this world will be (i)—rewarded in the world. have the same sort of (j)—tpwards illness and diseases. ​ 26. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Add Breathe need Plant Prevent Preserve Grow Produce Protect Provide Take Give Wash gather Trees are very useful to humans. They (a)--- the rich top of soil from being –(b) away by rain water and floods. You can see trees being (c) -- along mountain slopes on road sides, in parks and gardens. Trees give us shade. They (d) - life to place with their colourful flowers, beautiful leaves, fruits and thick trunks. They (e) - shelters for birds and animals. They give us timber, medicines, paper, gum and many other useful things. They (f)- - in carbon dioxide and (g)---oxygen.. As you know, by now man (h) - oxygen to (i) -and live, Trees are our best friends. We should (j)- -them and plant more trees around us. 27. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Aware Using Communication Spanteneously Able Develop Acquisitive Mother Naturally Usual Competence language Trees are very useful to humans. They (a)--- the rich top of soil from being –(b) away by rain water and floods. You can see trees being (c) -- along mountain slopes on road sides, in parks and gardens. Trees give us shade. They (d) - life to place with their colourful flowers, beautiful leaves, fruits and thick trunks. They (e) - shelters for birds and animals. They give us timber, medicines,paper, gum and many other useful things. They (f)- - in carbon dioxide and (g)---oxygen.. As you know, by now man (h) - oxygen to (i) -and live, Trees are our best friends. We should (j)--them and plant more trees around us. 28. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Bought Reading Wanted Failry How Experience Effective Start Important Laughed Experiment several Two friends, Raghib and Adeeb, (a)—to learn how to ride a bicycle. Adeeb (b)—a book called “How to Ride a bicycle” and started (c)—it. On the other hand, Raghib took out his bicycle on the street and (d)--- trying to ride it. He fell off several times and Adeeb (e)—at him. However, by the time Adeeb finished the first chapter of his book, Raghib was riding his bicycle (f)—well. Adeeb knew (g)—the bicycle worked but did not know how to use it from first hand (h)--. Learning a language is like riding a bicycle. The most (i)—thing about any language is communication. You learn to communicate (j)—by using a language, by doing things with it and by experiencing it. 29. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Conduct Become Spare Pursuit Travel Major Leisure Work Spend Physically Make love For the Germens, leaisure has become a major (a)--. Formerly, Germans used to (b)—ten hours a day and six days a week and had very little time for (c)--. But in modern times working hours in Germany have (d)—shorter stretching over five days only. People have therefore more time to (e)— now than in the past. They are so interested in (f)—their free time effectively that there is even a German Leisure Association that (g)—research on leisure activities. The Germans love to (h)—and almost half of all adults in Germany have (i)—a trip outside the country just for pleasure and relaxation. There are also many sports centres where young people go for (j)—excersise. 30. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Originated Grow Bcomes Careful Appearance Miniature Fond Containers Normal High Contribute remain Bonsai is the art of (a)—trees and other plants in small (b)—in such a way that it (c)—the miniature of a real tree. A Bonsai tree may be 10 years old but have a (d)—of one foot only. The art of Bonsai (e)—perhaps more than 1000 years ago in China. Early Japanese aristocrats also showed a (f)—for Bonsai and (g)—greatly to its development. Bonsai is different from (h)—pot planting as it is considered an art form. A Bonsai tree is (i)— shaped to remain small but still has the (j)—of a large tree. 31. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Flow Take Largely Help Cut Bottom Spread Allow Container Cover Beauty tie Bonsai plant does not need (a)—pots but small containers and not much of soil. A Bonsai (b)—has holes in the bottom which are (c0—with small nets so that the soil does not (d)--- out with the water the plant is then (e)—out of its original pot and one-third of its root is (f0—our. It is then ties to the (g)—of the pot with the (h)—to wires. Soil is then (i)—over it to cover the container but about an inch of the root is (j)—to stay above the soil to enhance beauty. 32. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Argue Crowd Empty Kept Plan Seat Moved Make Quarrel Push Get rudely Farid got on the bus to go to college. The bus was (a)—as usual. The bus conductor pushed him aside and (b)---rude remarks for standing in the way. Farid (c)—quie, there was a seat beside him in which he (d)—to sit down as soon as it got (e)—but the moment it was vacant another passanger (f)—him rudely and grabbed the (g)--. Farid was extremely annoyed but smply (h)—way from the seat. “What’s the point of (i)—now?”- he thought. The seat is lost and there’s no point in (j)—about it now. 33. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Laugh Urgue Sit Try Think Go Dance Bring Scene Give Notice Sing Sohel was going on a picnic with his friends. Many of his friends started (a)—and singing in the bus he kept (b)—in his seat smiling and enjoining the (c)--. He just wouldn’t move even when they (d)—him to join them, “I can’t sing so well. You will (e)—if I sing” he said. “we can’t sing either, but it’s fun. Why don’t you just (f)—it a try? Besides, nobody will (g)—if you sing in a group.” They (h)—to convince him. But Sohel just couldn’t (i)— himself to sing. He was too worried about what people would (j)--. 34. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Shout Debating Think Scream Organize Interest Happy Join Find Write Want Fahima’s college wanted to introduce a (a)—club. So, they gave her the responsibility of (b)—the club and finding out people who were (c)—in debating. Fahima (d)—agreed. She went around to every class when the teacher was not there and (e)—“We are having a debating club. Who wants to (f)--? Give me your names now or (g)—over it then let me know in two days. You will (h)—me in the common room.” One of her friends said, “Why don’t you just (i)—it down as a notice and put it up on the notice board? You won’t have to scream like this then.” “Oh I don’t mind (j)--. 35. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Drive Feeling Possess Go Consider Pierce Normally Beats Draw Control In Panambanam in Indonesia, worshipers (a)—themselves to be (b)—by god in this state, they are able to (c)—needle through their cheeks and tongues without (d)—any pain. In the island of Bali, Indonedia, dancers meditate and make themselves (e)—into trance-like state. They can then (f) their bodies with daggers without (g)—out any blood. Fakirs who practise ‘Yoga’ learn to (h)—their beathing to such an extent that their heart (i)—at only two beats a minuet whereas a (j)--- human heart beats 70-80 times per minuete. 36. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Environmental Interrelated Refer Part Live Hang biosphere Related Ecology Elements Link Make us The environment (a)—to the air, water and land in which people, animals and plants (b0--. So human beings, animals, air, water and soil are the main (c)—of the environment. The natural forces such as storms, cyclones and earthquakes are also (d)-- of this environment. Climate is thus a condition of the (e)--. All things that make up the environment are (f)— The way in which people, animals and plants are (g)—to each other and to their surroundings is known as (h)--. The ecosystem is a complex web that (i)—animals, plants and every form in the biosphere. All these things (j0—together. 37. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Products Stand Use Wash Responsible Environment mix Mix Dump Throw Water, another vital elements of the (a)—is also polluted in different ways. Man (b)— water by throwing waste into it. Farmers (c)—chemical fertilizers and insecticides in their fields. When rain and floods (d)—away some of these chemicals, they get (e)—with water in rivers, canals and ponds. Mills and factories also (f)—their poisonous chemicals and waste (g0—into rivers and canals and thus pollute the water. Water vehicles also pollute rivers by (h)—oil, food waste and human waste into them. Insanitary latrines and unsafe drains (i)—on river and canals banks are also (j)—for further pollution. Thus, water is contaminated by various kinds of waste and filth. 38. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Wildlife Develop Wild Change Spoil Save Protect Maintain Lost Take balance We know that all species are important for (a)—ecological balance. If one is (b)—the whole natural environemnt (c)-. In order to protect the environment from being (d)--. We should therefore (e)—our wildlife. The good news is that many countries are now (f)— action to protect their endangered (g)--. George Haycock, author of several books on wildlife, writes: “Mankind must (h)—a concern for (i)- creatures and a determination that these wild species will not perish.” We should save the earth’s wild creatures to (j)—ourselves. To be kind to animals is to be kind to mankind. 39. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Recurrence Straight Adequate Lies Safe Event Unknown Follow Called Resident Give alarmed How (a)—wil the buildings in the city of Dhaka be in the (b)—of an earthquake? Experts give no (c)—to this question, but call for taking (d)—precautions to minimize loses. That Bangladesh (e)—in the active earthquake zones is not (f)—to Bangladeshis. Alarmed by the (g0—of quakes during recent years, experts have (h)—for the development of an earthquake (i)—building code that all building should (j)--- as mandatory. 40. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Keep Next House Close Closed Study Get Come Kept Sit Concentrate Compel Riaz is fed up with his (a)--- door neighbours. His bed is very (b)—to theirs. Every time, he (c)—down to study in the evening, there (d)—the “Blaring sound of the television from the (e)—next door. It seems that the TV is (f)—on the whole evening. It becomes very difficult for him to (g)—on his studies. In winter, he can bear it by (h)—his window closed but in summer it (i) too hot and stuffy if the window is kept (j) .

IELTS Speaking Part 3 Overview: IELTS Speaking Part 3 lasts approximately 4-5 minutes and comprises 4-8 questions. The examiner explores topics introduced in Part 2, expecting detailed responses that showcase your ability to articulate thoughts extensively. Don'ts in IELTS Speaking Part 3: Avoid Aligning with Examiner's Ideas: Don't tailor responses to match the examiner's expectations. Express your views confidently; opinions are not marked, and individuality is valued. Discourage Memorized Answers: Steer clear of pre-prepared responses. The examiner can discern memorization through speech speed, word choice, and pronunciation, potentially resulting in irrelevant answers. Focus on honing your speaking skills instead. Eliminate Short Answers: Unlike Part 1, provide comprehensive responses spanning 3-4 sentences. Offer reasons to support your viewpoint, concluding each answer with a concise summary. Moderate Vocabulary Usage: Avoid using unfamiliar words haphazardly. If using sophisticated vocabulary, ensure a clear understanding to prevent misapplication, which could impact your score. Speak in words familiar to your everyday language. Do's in IELTS Speaking Part 3: Speak Confidently: Convey ideas with confidence, even if uncertain about their adequacy. Fluency, pronunciation, and a diverse vocabulary hold more weight in scoring. Strive for articulate, error-free sentences. Seek Clarification: If a question is unclear, request clarification promptly. Don't hesitate to ask the examiner to repeat, ensuring a precise understanding from the outset. Take Thinking Time: It's acceptable to request a few seconds to collect thoughts before answering. Use this time to organize ideas, preparing for a confident and well-structured response. Techniques for Answering IELTS Speaking Part 3 Questions: Direct Response: Provide a straightforward answer to the question. Reason Identification: Define the rationale behind your perspective. Example Inclusion: Support your point with a relevant example, drawing from personal experiences if applicable. Effective Conclusion: Conclude each answer by connecting ideas and examples back to the question's essence. Employing this approach enhances your effectiveness in responding to the diverse array of questions in IELTS Speaking Part 3. IELTS Speaking Part-3 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-3 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-3 Model Answers Animals Wild animals, hunting and extinction, zoos, pets, animals in research Art Exhibitions, modern art, role of art at school, museums, digital art, art at home, graffiti Books Reading for pleasure, novels, digital books, online book shops, books and learning Childhood Play, games, toys, behaviour, obeying parents, study Cities Traffic, city planning, city versus countryside, advantages, pollution, noise pollution, green spaces Clothes Fashion, buying online clothes, clothes industry, brand names Education Teachers, learning, online learning, preparing for work, skills, universities, sciences versus humanities Environment Global warming, pollution, animals becoming extinct, wildlife protection, deforestation, companies responsibility, individual versus government role Family Family structure and size, role of grandparents, care of the elderly, relationships, extended family Food Restaurants, diets, fast food, healthy eating, obesity, food and children, GM food, supermarkets Health Exercise, diet, gyms, routines, obesity, disease, corona virus, stress Helping / Charity Helping others, charities, fund-raising, skills needed, helping poor countries, international aid Home Buying and renting homes, types of accommodation, children leaving home, decorating homes, local community Jobs Popular jobs, future jobs, atmosphere at work, motivation, training Music Modern versus traditional, national anthems, style and genres, live concerts, listening to music, being a musician News Local versus international, online news, newspapers, reliability, fake news, getting news, family news, journalism Photography Taking photos, storing photos, photos as an art form, photos at home, professional photos, selfies Science Branches of science, science in everyday life, disease, research, food science, nuclear power, space exploration, the planet Shopping Real shops versus online shopping, payments, men and women shopping, habits, fashion, local shops versus shopping malls Sport Fitness, gyms, benefits, equipment, extreme sports, Olympic Games, international competitions Technology Artificial Intelligence, the Internet, safety, computers, mobile phones, stress, robots, social media Teamwork Benefits, challenges, competition, children, teamwork at work, international competition in trade Transportation Public versus private, advantages and disadvantages, transport in the future, electric cars, Travel Forms of transport, global warming, holidays, tourism, eco-tourism, travel abroad versus domestic, safety Weather Global warming, seasons, extreme weather, impact on life, weather forecasts Work Popular jobs, jobs for the future, robots, salaries, men-women equality, work-life balance

AC READING FULL TESTS Button IELTS READING TEST ​ Test format – AC Reading (60 minutes) ​ The Reading section consists of 40 questions, designed to test a wide range of reading skills. These include reading for gist, reading for main ideas, reading for detail, skimming, understanding logical argument and recognising writers' opinions, attitudes and purpose. IELTS Academic test - this includes three long texts which range from the descriptive and factual to the discursive and analytical. These are taken from books, journals, magazines and newspapers. They have been selected for a non-specialist audience but are appropriate for people entering university courses or seeking professional registration. IELTS Academic Reading description ​ Paper format: Three reading passages with a variety of questions using a number of task types. Timing: 60 minutes No. of questions: 40 Task types: A variety of question types are used, chosen from the following; multiple choice, identifying information, identifying the writer’s views/claims, matching information, matching headings, matching features, matching sentence endings, sentence completion, summary completion, note completion, table completion, flow-chart completion, diagram label completion and short-answer questions. Sources: Texts are taken from books, journals, magazines and newspapers, and have been written for a non-specialist audience. All the topics are of general interest. They deal with issues which are interesting, recognisably appropriate and accessible to test takers entering undergraduate or postgraduate courses or seeking professional registration. The passages may be written in a variety of styles, for example narrative, descriptive or discursive/argumentative. At least one text contains detailed logical argument. Texts may contain non-verbal materials such as diagrams, graphs or illustrations. If texts contain technical terms a simple glossary is provided. Answering: Test takers are required to transfer their answers to an answer sheet during the time allowed for the test. No extra time is allowed for transfer. Care should be taken when writing answers on the answer sheet as poor spelling and grammar are penalised. Marks: Each question is worth 1 mark. ​ ​ Test format – GT Reading (60 minutes) ​ The Reading section consists of 40 questions, designed to test a wide range of reading skills. These include reading for gist, reading for main ideas, reading for detail, skimming, understanding logical argument and recognising writers' opinions, attitudes and purpose. IELTS General Training test - this includes extracts from books, magazines, newspapers, notices, advertisements, company handbooks and guidelines. These are materials you are likely to encounter on a daily basis in an English-speaking environment. IELTS General Training Reading description ​ Paper format: There are three sections. Section 1 may contain two or three short texts or several shorter texts. Section 2 comprises two texts. In Section 3, there is one long text. Timing: 60 minutes No. of questions: 40 Task types: A variety of question types are used, chosen from the following: multiple choice, identifying information, identifying writer’s views/claims, matching information, matching headings, matching features, matching sentence endings, sentence completion, summary completion, note completion, table completion, flow-chart completion, diagram label completion, short-answer questions. Sources: The first section, ‘social survival’, contains texts relevant to basic linguistic survival in English with tasks mainly about retrieving and providing general factual information, for example, notices, advertisements and timetables. The second section, ‘Workplace survival’, focuses on the workplace context, for example, job descriptions, contracts and staff development and training materials. The third section, ‘general reading’, involves reading more extended prose with a more complex structure. Here, the emphasis is on descriptive and instructive rather than argumentative texts, in a general context relevant to the wide range of test takers involved, for example, newspapers, magazines and fictional and non-fictional book extracts. Answering: Test takers are required to transfer their answers to an answer sheet during the time allowed for the test. No extra time is allowed for transfer. Care should be taken when writing answers on the answer sheet as poor spelling and grammar are penalised. Marks: Each question is worth 1 mark. ​ ​ IELTS Academic/ GT Reading in detail ​ A detailed look at the paper with links to related resources. ​ Task type 1 – Multiple choice ​ Task type and format: Test takers are required to choose the best answer from four alternatives (A, B, C or D), or the best two answers from five alternatives (A, B, C, D or E), or the best three answers from seven alternatives (A, B, C, D, E, F or G). Test takers write the letter of the answer they have chosen on the answer sheet. The questions may involve completing a sentence, where they are given the first part of a sentence and then choose the best way to complete it from the options, or could involve complete questions; with the test takers choosing the option which best answers them. The questions are in the same order as the information in the text: that is, the answer to the first question in this group will be located in the text before the answer to the second question, and so on. This task type may be used with any type of text. Task focus: Multiple choice tests a wide range of reading skills, including detailed understanding of specific points or an overall understanding of the main points of the text. No. of questions: Variable ​ Task type 2 – Identifying information ​ Task type and format: Test takers will be given a number of statements and asked: ‘Do the following statements agree with the information in the text?’ They are then required to write ‘true’, ‘false’ or ‘not given’ in the boxes on their answer sheets. It is important to understand the difference between 'false' and 'not given'. 'False' means that the passage states the opposite of the statement in question; 'not given' means that the statement is neither confirmed nor contradicted by the information in the passage. Students need to understand that any knowledge they bring with them from outside the passage should not play a part when deciding on their answers. Task focus: Identifying information assesses the test takers’ ability to recognise particular points of information conveyed in the text. It can thus be used with more factual texts. No. of questions: Variable ​ Task type 3 – Identifying writer’s views/claims ​ Task type and format: Test takers will be given a number of statements and asked: ‘Do the following statements agree with the views/claims of the writer?’ They are required to write ‘yes’, ‘no’ or ‘not given’ in the boxes on their answer sheet. It is important to understand the difference between 'no' and 'not given'. 'No' means that the views or claims of the writer explicitly disagree with the statement, i.e. the writer somewhere expresses the view or makes a claim which is opposite to the one given in the question; 'not given' means that the view or claim is neither confirmed nor contradicted. Students need to understand that any knowledge they bring with them from outside the passage should not play a part when deciding on their answers. Task focus: This type of task assesses the test takers’ ability to recognise opinions or ideas, and so it is often used with discursive or argumentative texts. No. of questions: Variable ​ Task type 4 – Matching information ​ Task type and format : Test takers are required to locate specific information within the lettered paragraphs/sections of a text, and to write the letters of the correct paragraphs/sections in the boxes on their answer sheet. They may be asked to find: specific details, an example, a reason, a description, a comparison, a summary, an explanation. They will not necessarily need to find information in every paragraph/section of the text, but there may be more than one piece of information that test takers need to locate in a given paragraph/section. When this is the case, they will be told that they can use any letter more than once. This type of task can be used with any text as it tests a wide range of reading skills, from locating detail to recognising a summary or definition. Task focus: Matching information assesses the test takers’ ability to scan for specific information. Unlike task type 5, Matching headings, it is concerned with specific information rather than with the main idea. No. of questions: Variable ​ Task type 5 – Matching headings ​ Task type and format: Test takers are given a list of headings, usually identified with lower-case Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, etc,). A heading will refer to the main idea of the paragraph or section of the text. Test takers must match the heading to the correct paragraphs or sections, which are marked alphabetically. Test takers write the appropriate Roman numerals in the boxes on their answer sheets. There will always be more headings than there are paragraphs or sections, so that some headings will not be used. It is also possible that some paragraphs or sections may not be included in the task. One or more paragraphs or sections may already be matched with a heading as an example for test takers. This task type is used with texts that contain paragraphs or sections with clearly defined themes. Task focus: Matching headers tests the test takers’ ability to recognise the main idea or theme in the paragraphs or sections of a text, and to distinguish main ideas from supporting ones. No. of questions: Variable ​ Task type 6 – Matching features ​ Task type and format: Test takers are required to match a set of statements or pieces of information to a list of options. The options are a group of features from the text, and are identified by letters. Test takers may, for example, be required to match different research findings to a list of researchers, or characteristics to age groups, events to historical periods, etc. It is possible that some options will not be used, and that others may be used more than once. The instructions will inform test takers if options may be used more than once. Task focus: Matching features assesses the test takers’ ability to recognise relationships and connections between facts in the text and their ability to recognise opinions and theories. It may be used both with factual information, as well as opinion-based discursive texts. Test takers need to be able to skim and scan the text in order to locate the required information and to read for detail. No. of questions: Variable ​ Task type 7 – Matching sentence endings ​ Task type and format: Test takers are given the first half of a sentence based on the text and asked to choose the best way to complete it from a list of possible options. They will have more options to choose from than there are questions. Test takers must write the letter they have chosen on the answer sheet. The questions are in the same order as the information in the passage: that is, the answer to the first question in this group will be found before the answer to the second question, and so on. This task type may be used with any type of text. Task focus: Matching sentence endings assesses the test takers’ ability to understand the main ideas within a sentence. No. of questions: Variable ​ Task type 8 – Sentence completion ​ Task type and format: Test takers complete sentences in a given number of words taken from the text. They must write their answers on the answer sheet. The instructions will make it clear how many words/numbers test takers should use in their answers, e.g. ‘NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage’, ‘ONE WORD ONLY’ or ‘NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS’. If test takers write more than the number of words asked for, they will lose the mark. Numbers can be written using figures or words. Contracted words will not be tested. Hyphenated words count as single words. The questions are in the same order as the information in the passage: that is, the answer to the first question in this group will be found before the answer to the second question, and so on. This task type may be used with any type of text. Task focus: Matching sentence endings assesses the test takers’ ability to locate detail/specific information. No. of questions: Variable ​ Task type 9 – Summary, note, table, flow-chart completion ​ Task type and format: Test takers are given a summary of a section of the text, and are required to complete it with information drawn from the text. The summary will usually be of only one part of the passage rather than the whole. The given information may be in the form of: several connected sentences of text (referred to as a summary), several notes (referred to as notes), a table with some of its cells empty or partially empty (referred to as a table), a series of boxes or steps linked by arrows to show a sequence of events, with some of the boxes or steps empty or partially empty (referred to as a flow-chart). The answers will not necessarily occur in the same order as in the text. However, they will usually come from one section rather than the entire text. There are two variations of this task type. Test takers may be asked either to select words from the text or to select from a list of answers. Where words have to be selected from the passage, the instructions will make it clear how many words/numbers test takers should use in their answers, e.g. ‘NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage’, ‘ONE WORD ONLY’ or ‘NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS’. If test takers write more than the number of words asked for, they will lose the mark. Numbers can be written using figures or words. Contracted words are not tested. Hyphenated words count as single words. Where a list of answers is provided, they most frequently consist of a single word. Because this task type often relates to precise factual information, it is often used with descriptive texts. Task focus: Summarising assesses the test takers’ ability to understand details and/or the main ideas of a section of text. In the variations involving a summary or notes, test takers need to be aware of the type of word(s) that will fit into a given gap (for example, whether a noun is needed, or a verb, etc.). No. of questions: Variable ​ Task type 10 – Diagram label completion ​ Task type and format: Test takers are required to complete labels on a diagram, which relates to a description contained in the text. The instructions will make it clear how many words/numbers test takers should use in their answers, e.g. ‘NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage’, ‘ONE WORD ONLY’ or ‘NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS’. If test takers write more than the number of words asked for, they will lose the mark. Numbers can be written using figures or words. Contracted words will not be tested. Hyphenated words count as single words. The answers do not necessarily occur in order in the passage. However, they will usually come from one section rather than the entire text. The diagram may be of some type of machine, or of parts of a building or of any other element that can be represented pictorially. This task type is often used with texts describing processes or with descriptive texts. Task focus: Diagram label completion assesses the test takers’ ability to understand a detailed description, and to relate it to information presented in the form of a diagram. No. of questions: Variable ​ Task type 11 – Short-answer questions ​ Task type and format: Test takers answer questions, which usually relate to factual information about details in the text. This is most likely to be used with a text that contains a lot of factual information and detail. Test takers must write their answers in words or numbers on the answer sheet. Test takers must write their answers using words from the text. The instructions will make it clear how many words/numbers test takers should use in their answers, e.g. ‘NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage’, ‘ONE WORD ONLY’ or ‘NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS’. If test takers write more than the number of words asked for, they will lose the mark. Numbers can be written using figures or words. Contracted words are not tested. Hyphenated words count as single words. The questions are in the same order as the information in the text. Task focus: Short answer questions assess the test takers’ ability to locate and understand precise information in the text. No. of questions: Variable ​ ​ IELTS Academic Reading – how it's marked ​ The Academic Reading test is marked by certificated markers, who are regularly monitored to ensure reliability. All answer sheets, after being marked, are further analysed by Cambridge Assessment English. Band score conversion A Band Score conversion table is produced for each version of the Academic Reading test, which translates scores out of 40 into the IELTS 9-band scale. Scores are reported in whole bands and half bands. ​ ​ Practice on all types of Question

Composition/Essay Writing for HSC,SSC & JSC Examination Free Hand Writing : Writing Short Composition (200-250 Words) A short composition is a piece of writing, usually short and in prose, on any particular subject. It may be called a short essay. The topic of a short composition may be anything and everything. The length of it should be moderate. It may be more or less 350 words. Every short composition should have a beginning, a middle and an end. The beginning is the introduction, the middle is the main body of the short composition and the conclusion is the rounding off the subject. The introduction contains hints of what will be discussed or described in the composition. The middle contains discussions, merits and demerits of the topic of the composition. Lastly, the conclusion concludes the discussions. Short composition are of various types: Descriptive - Descriptive compositions are those which describe some place or thing e.g., Dhaka, paper, the cow, flood, etc. Narrative - Narrative compositions are those which narrate some event, past or present, real or unreal, e.g., the life of a person, a football match, a flood (a particular flood) etc. Reflective - Reflective compositions are based on reflections and they are generally of abstract nature, e.g., friendship, honesty, female education etc. Argumentative -Argumentative compositions are those in which the writer tries to establish his/her own view point by putting his/her arguments for or against something. . Descriptive Composition ​ The Wonders of Modern Science Or, The Blessings of Modern Science Or, Science in Everyday Life ​ We live in an age of science. We can see the wonders of science around us. Science has made our life easy and comfortable. We can not think of our modern life without science. The first wonder of modern science is the discovery of electricity. It has changed our life. society and culture. It is a great source of power and energy. The radio, television, lights, fans, electric irons, mills, factories and refrigerators- all work through the power of electricity. Science has linked up the distant parts of the world. Telephone, telex, fax, wireless, telegram are great wonders. They have brought the world closer to us. We can send news from one corner of the world to other within a moment. They have conquered space, distance and time. Radio and television are als6 great media (4iktrii) for communication. Science has discovered many wonders for our recreation. We have cinema, television, radio, tape recorder, gramophone and V.C.R etc for our recreation. Science has lessened human sufferings. It has given eyes to the blind, hearing to the deaf, legs to the lame. It has found out the new ways of health and life. It has increased the joys of life. Penicillin. X-Ray, biopsy and ultra-sonography, E. C. G. are some of the wonders of modern science in the field of medical science.. Hospitals, private clinics and doctors can not go even a single day without these. Science has removed the distance of place. It has saved time. We can travel hundreds of miles within a short time by car, aeroplane, Bus, train, launch and steamer. The inventions of nuclear energy, computer and calculators are great wonders of modern science. The rocket is another wonder of science. It has made space travel easy. Man has landed on the moon successfully. Science is the greatest of all conquerors both past and present. It knows no defeat. It has established itself firmly in our hearts. ​ Narrative Composition My First Day At College Or, The Most Memorable Day of My Life ​ All the days of our life are not equally important and memorable. Only a few of these days occupy a corner in our heart. - My first day at college is such a day. I shall never forget this day. From my. school days I heard a lot about college life from my college going elder brothers and sisters. I formed a very romantic impression of a college life. So, I was eagerly waiting for that happy and romantic college life. At last the cherished day came. It was the 26th of October 1992. My joys knew no bounds. I put on my new dress and started for Govt. B.L. College at 9 A.M. I was charmed to see the attractive and beautiful college building. I understood that the college life opened before me a new vision of life and I must go forward. The whole college campus was crowded by lots of young- pupils both male and female. They were all unknown to me. I felt very lonely. I was moving here and there. I was in a fix where to go. At last I met one of my school friends. I was relieved. We exchanged greetings. We went to the notice board of the college and wrote down class routine. There were many new comers. They were also taking the routine. I found that the classes are not held in a particular room. I Will have to change my class room. From the routine I also learnt that there were intervals. When the bell for the first period rang, we entered the room number 223. I found many students sitting. After a while, a well dresed, handsome gentleman entered the class. He was a professor of English. All the students stood up to show him respect. He called over the rolls.. He spoke to us very softly in simple and clear English. I liked his speech very much. His speech was meaningful. I listened to him with undivided attention. ​ Reflective- Composition ​ Unemployment Problem in Bangladesh Unemployment means the state of being without any work both for educated and uneducated person, for earning one's livelihood. This problem has become a great concern all over the world. But nowhere in the world this problem is so' acute as in Bangladesh. Thousands of people in our country are without any job. At present the toughest task for any young man is to manage a job. There are many reasons behind unemployment problem. Our country is over populated. The rapid growth of population is the main reason of unemployment problem. Our country is industrially very much lagging behind. In fact the development in this field is very slow. Cottage industries have almost decayed. The few mills, factories and industries that we have can only absorb a limited number of people. Most of the people of our country depend on agriculture. But our cultivable land is very limited. Our present system of- education in stead of giving any solution, creates educated unemployed young men. In our educational system there is no much scope of giving vocational training and technical education to a student. So after taking the highest degree even from the highest seat of learning, they remain unemployed. Our educated young men generally think it to be disgraceful to do any manual work. They prefer service to any kind of business. In order to eradicate this problem we have to mobilize all our energies to this great purpose without wasting time. A large number of mills, factories and industries should be set up where many of our unemployed youths will get the opportunity to work. A great change should be brought in our education system. More importance should be given on professional, vocational and technical education. These will make a opening to work in different industrial sectors both home and abroad. The educated youth should change their attitude to life. They must learn to choose independent career. They can work in agriculture field, cultivate fish, grow vegetables. They can start small business. In fact self employment is a possible solution to this great problem. Steps should be taken to set up co-operative farming, cottage industries and to open new system of public work in the rural areas to create job for the village people. Unemployment is a great curse to a nation. We can not expect the development of our country leaving its millions of people unemployed to survive as a boastful nation. We should made all out efforts to get rid of this curse. ​ Argumentative Composition ​ The Uses and Abuses of Mobile Phone ​ Mobile phone is a telephone system that works without any wire. Mobile phone is one of the wonderful wonders of science. It has added a new dimension to our life and to communication system. It can be moved easily and quickly from place to place. Through Mobile phone we can send messages to distant places, play games and sports, know about present time, solve the work of calculation, be aware of different kinds of news and views. At present the popularity of the mobile phone is increasing. Many companies are also being set up for selling mobile phone. A mobile phone is an electronic device. A sim card inside-the mobile helps us to keep constant with the person. We can keep constant contact with the person carrying a- mobile phone. Just a mobile set is not enough. A connection from a local service provider will ensure the functioning of mobile. The advantages of mobile phone are numerous. Its great advantage is its mobility and portability. It is opposite fixed phone. The overwhelming popularity of mobile has threatened the existence of fixed phone. A mobile phone removes the worries of our dear ones by helping to contact the person concerned any time we like. When we hear of any accident or mishap, we want to and can know about our or near on the spot. Thus a mobile phone can ease our tension. A mobile phone has saved a lot of our time and energy by giving ready access to any person who stays away from us. Just a call from a mobile can make us aware of the coming danger. A warning from a mobile can save our lives. Despite numerous advantages and merits of mobile phone sometimes it becomes the cause of health hazard to the users. Specially the minor children are affected much, scientists believe that use of mobile phone causes brain tumours, genetic damage and many incurable irreparable damage to human body. They` say that millions of people are getting benefits but damaged. The blood pressure gets high and red blood cells (RBC) are damaged if a person gets continued exposure to radiation caused by mobile phone. Using mobile phone is also harmful to the pregnant women. So Bangladesh government should have an official ban on using mobile phone by children and pregnant women. Mobile is a blessing as well as wonder of modern science. We should use it realizing maximum benefits. Misuse of mobile phone should be prevented. People. should be made of the health hazards to be posed by mobile phone. The rate of mobile call charge should be reduced as -much as possible. The minor kids should be prevented from using mobile phone. Talking 'over mobile phone should not be an addiction. However despite its disadvantages the necessity of a mobile phone can not be denied to our practical life. Imaginative Composition If I Were A Politician I am a student and my, career plan is to be a chartered accountant. I have never thought of becoming a politician. I am a politically conscious citizen of the country though I do not like politics. Rather recent dirty and bloody games of politics have made me apathetic to it. But I am also well aware of the fact that politicians lead the country and form the government. Whatever important things happen in the country are made by the politicians. Things do not always turn out according to ones wish. So I might be a politician one day. If I were a politician, I would bring a qualitative change in politics and political leadership. I would take initiative and corrective reforms to improve the state of political affairs. If I were a politician, I would dedicate myself to the service of my people, stand by them in their weal and woes, listen to their sufferings and miseries and try my .best to remove the causes of their sufferings. I know that political freedom is meaningless without economic freedom. Though Bangladesh has achieved political freedom, it has not yet achieved economic freedom. Majority of our people are poor and are deprived of proper education, nutritious food, healthcare and pure ,drinking water. So if I were a politician and elected to the Parliament, I would take practical and long-term measures to remove poverty, create more employment opportimity, speed up economic activities of the country, spread education and reach the benefit of governments development programmes to the doors, of common people. I know that to be a successful politician, people's support is a must. In democratic politics, people hold ultimate power and elect their representatives or reject them. So if I were a politician I would above all serve the people and use all my time and energy, knowledge and experience to improye their condition. I would never abuse my power and never wrongly use my position. A real patriotic and dedicated politician can make history, by bringing smiles to thousands of suffering faces. Politicians make history. If I were a politician, I would try to do something noble to .be a part of history. I do not like cheap popularity. I would. only do the right thing. I know that right decision, right work and right outcome would crown me With success. And what would be more right than doing welfare to people as a politician. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 300+ Compositions/Essays written by the students

IELTS WRITING Academic IELTS Writing Acadmic Task-1 Voabulary AC Task-1 Report Writing Writing Task-2 Eassy Writing IELTS Writing Essay-wise Ideas General Training IELTS Writing GT Task-1 Voabulary GT Task-1 Letter Writing Writing Task-2 Eassy Writing IELTS Writing Essay-wise Ideas Test format – Academic Writing (60 minutes) Topics are of general interest to, and suitable for, test takers entering undergraduate and postgraduate studies or seeking professional registration. There are two tasks: Task 1 - you will be presented with a graph, table, chart or diagram and asked to describe, summarise or explain the information in your own words. You may be asked to describe and explain data, describe the stages of a process, how something works or describe an object or event. Task 2 - you will be asked to write an essay in response to a point of view, argument or problem. Responses to both tasks must be in a formal style. IELTS Academic Writing description ​ Paper format: There are two Writing tasks and BOTH must be completed. Timing: 60 minutes No. of questions: 2 Task types: In Task 1, test takers are asked to describe some visual information (graph/table/chart/diagram) in their own words. They need to write 150 words in about 20 minutes. In Task 2, they respond to a point of view or argument or problem. They need to write 250 words in about 40 minutes. Answering: Answers must be given on the answer sheet and must be written in full. Notes or bullet points are not acceptable as answers. Test takers may write on the question paper but this cannot be taken from the examination room and will not be seen by the examiner. A detailed look at the paper with links to related resources. ​ Task 1 ​ Task type and format: In Writing Task 1, test takers may be asked to describe facts or figures presented in one or more graphs, charts or tables on a related topic; or they may be given a diagram of a machine, a device or a process and asked to explain how it works. They should write in an academic or semi-formal/neutral styles and include the most important and the most relevant points in the diagram. Some minor points or details may be left out. Test takers should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. They are asked to write at least 150 words and will be penalised if their answer is too short. While test takers will not be penalised for writing more than 150 words, they should remember that a longer Task 1 answer may mean that they have less time to spend on Task 2, which contributes twice as much to the Writing band score. Test takers should also note that they will be penalised for irrelevance if the response is off-topic or is not written as full, connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form, etc.). They will be severely penalised for plagiarism (i.e. copying from another source). Test takers must write their answers on the answer booklet. Task focus: This task assesses the ability to identify the most important and relevant information and trends in a graph, chart, table or diagram, and to give a well-organised overview of it using language accurately in an academic style. No. of questions: 1 ​ ​ Task 2 ​ Task type and format: In Writing Task 2, test takers are given a topic to write about an academic or semi-formal/neutral style. Answers should be a discursive consideration of the relevant issues. Test takers should make sure that they read the task carefully and provide a full and relevant response. For example, if the topic is a particular aspect of computers, they should focus on this aspect in their response. They should not simply write about computers in general. Test takers should spend no more than 40 minutes on this task. They are asked to write at least 250 words and will be penalised if their answer is too short. While test takers will not be penalised for writing more than 250 words, if they write a very long answer they may not have time for checking and correcting at the end and some ideas may not be directly relevant to the question. Task 2 contributes twice as much to the final Writing band score as Task 1. Therefore, test takers who fail to attempt to answer this task will greatly reduce their chance of achieving a good band. Test takers will be penalised for irrelevance if the response is off-topic or is not written as full, connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form, etc.). They will be severely penalised for plagiarism (i.e. copying from another source). Finally, test takers should make sure that they do not copy directly from the question paper because this will not be assessed. They must write their answers on the answer booklet. Task focus: This task assesses the ability to present a clear, relevant, well-organised argument, giving evidence or examples to support ideas and use language accurately. ​ No. of questions: 1 ​ ​ ​ IELTS Academic Writing - How it's marked ​ Marking and assessment Each task is assessed independently. The assessment of Task 2 carries more weight in marking than Task 1. Responses are assessed by certificated IELTS examiners. All IELTS examiners hold relevant teaching qualifications and are recruited as examiners by the test centres and approved by the British Council or IDP: IELTS Australia. Scores are reported in whole and half bands. Detailed performance descriptors have been developed which describe written performance at the nine IELTS bands. These are available on the How IELTS is scored page. They apply to both IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training versions and are based on the following criteria. Task 1 responses are assessed on: Task achievement Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy. Task 2 responses are assessed on: Task response Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy. ​ ​ Performance descriptors ​ Task 1 ​ Task achievement This assesses how appropriately, accurately and relevantly the response fulfils the requirements set out in the task, using the minimum of 150 words. Academic Writing Task 1 is a writing task which has a defined input and a largely predictable output. It is basically an information-transfer task that relates narrowly to the factual content of an input diagram and not to speculative explanations that lie outside the given data. ​ Coherence and cohesion This concerns overall clarity and fluency: how the response organises and links information, ideas and language. Coherence refers to the linking of ideas through logical sequencing. Cohesion refers to the varied and appropriate use of cohesive devices (for example, logical connectors, pronouns and conjunctions) to assist in making the conceptual and referential relationships between and within sentences clear. ​ Lexical resource This refers to the range of vocabulary used and its accuracy and appropriacy in terms of the specific task. Grammatical range and accuracy This refers to the range and accurate use of grammar as manifested in their sentence writing. Task 2 ​ Task response In both IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training versions, Task 2 requires test takers to formulate and develop a position in relation to a given prompt in the form of a question or statement. Ideas should be supported by evidence, and examples may be drawn from the test takers’ own experience. Responses must be at least 250 words in length. Scripts under the required minimum word limit will be penalised. ​ Coherence and cohesion This assesses the overall clarity and fluency of the message: how the response organises and links information, ideas and language. Coherence refers to the linking of ideas through logical sequencing. Cohesion refers to the varied and appropriate use of cohesive devices (for example, logical connectors, pronouns and conjunctions) to assist in making the conceptual and referential relationships between and within sentences clear. ​ Lexical resource This criterion refers to the range of vocabulary used and its accuracy and appropriacy in terms of the specific task. Grammatical range and accuracy This assesses the range and accurate use of grammar, as manifested in their test takers’ writing at sentence level. Test format – General Training Writing (60 minutes) ​ Topics are of general interest. There are two tasks: Task 1 - you will be presented with a situation and asked to write a letter requesting information, or explaining the situation. The letter may be personal, semi-formal or formal in style. Task 2 - you will be asked to write an essay in response to a point of view, argument or problem. The essay can be fairly personal in style. ​ ​ IELTS General Training Writing description ​ Paper format: There are two Writing tasks to complete. Timing: 60 minutes No. of questions: 2 Task types: In Task 1, test takers are asked to respond to a situation, for example, by writing a letter requesting information or explaining a situation. In Task 2, test takers write an essay in response to a point of view, argument or problem. Answering: Answers must be written in full in the answer booklet. Notes or bullet points in whole or in part are not acceptable as answers. Test takers may write on the question paper but this cannot be taken from the test room and will not be seen by the examiner. A detailed look at the paper with links to related resources. Task 1 ​ Task type and format: In Writing Task 1, test takers are presented with a situation and required to write a personal response in the form of an informal, semi-formal or formal letter of at least 150 words in the answer booklet provided. The situations they are asked to write about are common, everyday ones such as: writing to a college accommodation officer about problems with accommodation, writing to a new employer about time management problems they are having, writing to a local newspaper about a plan to develop a local airport, writing to a renting agency to sort out problems with the heating system in their house. Test takers are told what kind of information (in the form of three bullet points) they must include in their response. They may be required to request or give information and/or explain a situation. To do this, they may need to do some of the following: ask for and/or provide general factual information, express needs, wants, likes or dislikes, express opinions or complaints, make requests or make suggestions/recommendations. The style of writing that test takers use depends who they are asked to write to (i.e. the audience) and how well they are supposed to know them. They need to write in a style that is appropriate for their audience and that will help them to achieve their purpose for writing, e.g. writing to a friend (informal) or writing to a manager (semi-formal or formal). Test takers do not need to include any addresses at the head of their letters. Test takers should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. They are asked to write at least 150 words and will be penalised if their answer is too short. While test takers will not be penalised for writing more than 150 words, they should remember that a longer Task 1 answer may mean that they have less time to spend on Task 2, which contributes twice as much to the Writing band score. Test takers should also note that they will be penalised for irrelevance, if the response is off-topic or is not written as full, connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form, etc.). They will be severely penalised for plagiarism (i.e. copying from another source). Task focus: This task assesses the ability to follow English letter-writing conventions (i.e. what order to put information in, what style to use, how to start and finish a letter), to use language accurately and appropriately and to organise and link information coherently and cohesively. ​ No. of questions: 1 Task 2 Task type and format: In Writing Task 2, test takers write a semi-formal/neutral discursive essay of at least 250 words in the answer book provided. The task instructions give information about a point of view, argument or problem. They then tell test takers how to discuss this, which may involve providing general factual information, outlining and/or presenting a solution, justifying an opinion, evaluating evidence and ideas. Topics are of general interest, - such as: whether children’s leisure activities should be educational, why families are not so close as they used to be and how they could be brought closer, how environmental problems can be solved, who should pay for the care of old people, whether smoking should be banned in public places. Test takers should make sure that they complete the task carefully and provide a full and relevant response. They should organise their ideas clearly and make sure to support their argument with relevant examples (including from their own experience where relevant) or evidence. For this task, test takers need to be able to communicate more abstract and complex ideas and use a range of vocabulary and grammatical structures. Task 2 contributes twice as much to the final Writing band score as Task 1. Therefore, test takers who fail to attempt to answer this task will greatly reduce their chance of achieving a good score. Test takers are asked to write at least 250 words and will be penalised if their answer is too short. They should spend no more than 40 minutes on this task. Test takers should also note that they will be penalised for irrelevance if the response is off-topic or is not written as full, connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form, etc.). They will be severely penalised for plagiarism (i.e. copying from another source). Task focus: This task assesses the ability to follow English discursive writing conventions (i.e. what order to put information in, what style to use, how to start and finish discursive writing, how to paragraph), to organise and link information coherently and cohesively and to use language accurately and appropriately. ​ No. of questions: 1 ​ IELTS General Training Writing - How it's marked ​ Marking and assessment Writing responses are assessed by certificated IELTS examiners. All IELTS examiners hold relevant teaching qualifications and are recruited as examiners by the test centres and approved by the British Council or IDP: IELTS Australia. Each task is assessed independently. The assessment of Task 2 carries more weight in marking than Task 1.Scores are reported in whole and half bands. Detailed performance descriptors have been developed which describe written performance at the nine IELTS bands. They are available on the How IELTS is scored page. The descriptors apply to both the Academic and General Training versions and are based on the following criteria. ​ Task 1 responses are assessed on: ​ Task achievement Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy. ​ Task 2 responses are assessed on: Task response Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy. Performance descriptors Task 1 ​ Task achievement This assesses how appropriately, accurately and relevantly the response fulfils the requirements set out in the task, using the minimum of 150 words. General Training Writing Task 1 is a writing task with a largely predictable output in that each task sets out the context and purpose of the letter and the functions the test taker should cover in order to achieve this purpose. ​ Coherence and cohesion This assesses the overall clarity and fluency of the message: how the response organises and links information, ideas and language. Coherence refers to the linking of ideas through logical sequencing. Cohesion refers to the varied and appropriate use of cohesive devices (for example, logical connectors, pronouns and conjunctions) to assist in making the conceptual and referential relationships between and within sentences clear. ​ Lexical resource This refers to the range of vocabulary the test takers have used and the accuracy and appropriacy of use in terms of the specific task. ​ Grammatical range and accuracy This refers to the range and accurate use of grammar, as manifested in the test takers’ sentence writing. ​ Task 2 ​ Task response In both IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training versions, Task 2 requires test takers to formulate and develop a position in relation to a question or statement. Ideas should be supported by evidence, and examples may be drawn from the test takers’ own experience. Responses must be at least 250 words in length. Scripts under the required minimum word limit will be penalised. ​ The other three assessment criteria (Coherence and Cohesion, Lexical Resource, Grammatical Range and Accuracy) are the same for Task 1 and Task 2. THE MOST IMPORTANT ESSAYS FOR IELTS 1. ARCHITECTURE/HOUSING/BUILDING 2. ARTS/ CULTURE/TRADITION/MUSEUMS 3. BUSINESS/MONEY/ECONOMY 4. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT&LAW 5. EDUCATION 6. ENTERTAINMENT/HOBBY 7. ENVIRONMENT/NATURE/CLIMATE/ANIMALS 8. FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN 9. FOOD 10. GENDER ISSUES 11. GLOBAL ISSUES/GLOBALIZATION 12. GOVERNMENT 13. HEALTH 14. LANGUAGE 15. MEDIA 16. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 17. SOCIETY/SOCIAL PROLEMS/SOCIAL TRENDS 18. SPORTS 19. TRANSPORT 20. TRAVEL/TOURISM 21. WORK 22. OTHERS/ABSTRACT IDEAS 1. ARCHITECTURE/HOUSING/BUILDING 1. Many old buildings protected by law are part of a nation’s history. Some people think they should be knocked down and replaced by news ones. How important is it to maintain old buildings? Should history stand in the way of progress? 2. Safety standards are important when building peoples’ homes. Who should be responsible for enforcing strict building codes – the government or the people who build the homes? Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 3. It is more important for a building to serve a purpose than to look beautiful. Architects shouldn't worry about producing building as a work of art. Do you agree or disagree? 4. More houses are needed in many countries to cope with increasing populations. Would it be better to build houses in existing towns and cities, or to develop new towns in rural areas? 2. ARTS/CULTURE/TRADITION/MUSEUM 1. There are many different types of music today. Is the traditional music of a country more important than the International music that is heard everywhere nowadays? 2. Creative artists should always have the freedom to express their ideas (in paintings, books, films and songs) in any way they wish. The government should not restrict what they do. To what extent do you agree with this opinion? 3. Government investment in the arts, such as music and theatre, is a waste of money. Governments must invest this money in public services instead. To what extent do you agree with this statement?? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. 4. Art is considered an essential part of all cultures throughout the world. However, these days fewer and fewer people appreciate art and turn their focus to science, technology and business. Why do you think that is? What could be done to encourage more people to take interest in the arts? 5. "Nowadays it is noticed that cultural mixing is reflected within local cultural practices. Do you think it is good for our society?" 6. Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and behaviour. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural differences. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 7. Some believe the primary purpose of museums is to entertain people, while others believe their purpose is to educate. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 8. "Countries become more developed due to mix of different people and their culture. Do you agree or disagree?" 9. There are many different types of music in the world today. Why do we need music? Is the traditional music of a country more important than the international music that is heard everywhere nowadays? 10. Art is considered an important part of a society as well as an expression of its culture. Do you think it is important for children to be taught art? Do you think children should be encouraged to focus on art rather than other subjects? ​ 3. BUSINESS/MONEY/ECONOMY 1. ‘Some people think that changing people’s attitudes to other countries, and culture is an important factor in reducing world poverty. Others, however, feel that the most important method is trade.’ 2. Some people think that they should spend money they earn now enjoying life, while others think that the money should be put into savings for future. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 3. Some people think that it is best to save money, for example in a bank or savings scheme. Other people feel that money should be spent whenever it is available. Discuss these views and reach an opinion on this debate. Give reasons for your answer, and support your essay with ideas and examples from your own experience. 4. Economic progress is often used to measure a country's success. However, some people believe that other factors are more important. What other factors should also be considered when measuring a country's success? Do you think one factor is more important than others? 5. "Some people prefer to help by making donations to local charities while some prefer to donate to national & international organizations. Discuss both measures and give your opinion." 6. As well as making money, businesses also have social responsibilities. To what extent do you agree or disagree? ​ 4. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT&LAW 1. Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. 2. There seems to be an increasing number of serious crimes being committed each year. While some think that the best way is to use the death penalty as a deterrent, many people believe that other measures will be needed. Discuss both sides of view. 3. In order to reduce crime, some argue that attacking its cause like poverty is the best solution, while others believe that putting more people in prisons and having more policemen are more convenient way in tackling crime. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 4."Prison is the only truly effective form of punishment, because it separates criminals from society" To what extent do you support this view? You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 5. Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later, and it is often argued that these are the best people to talk to teenagers about the dangers of committing a crime. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Many offenders commit more crimes after serving the first punishment. Why is this happening, and what measures we can take to tackle this problem? ​ 5. EDUCATION 1. In some developed countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year at the end of high school and before starting university. What are the pros and cons for young people who choose to do this. 2. In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. 3. The main purpose of a university is to provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed for students to get a good job. To what extent do you agree? 4. Some people believe that children will have a bright future if they are always rewarded by their parents and teachers when they behave well. However, other people argue that if the children misbehave, they should receive punishment so that they can become qualified citizens. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 5. Technology is becoming increasingly prevalent in the world today. In the not too distant future, technology will completely replace the teacher in the classroom. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? 6. Some people say that distance learning is a quick and effective way to study. Others, however, disagree and say that distance learning programs can never be as good as courses taken in person. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? 7. Some people believe all children should be taught together. Others say that they should be separated according to academic abilities. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 8. Some people believe that teaching children at home is best for a child’s development while others think that it is important for children to go to school. Discuss the advantages of both methods and give your own opinion. 9. Schools are spending more time teaching traditional subjects such as history. Some people think they should rather spend more time in teaching skills that can help students find a job. To what extent do you agree or disagree. 10. Some people think that all university students should study whatever they like. Others believe that they should only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future, such as those related to science and technology. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. ​ 6. ENTERTAINMENT/HOBBY/LEISURE TIME 1. Youngsters these days find hardly any time for leisure. Is this a positive development? What are the causes of this? If this is a problem, can you suggest solutions? 2. Many people today are worried about young children using video games. What problems might these games cause, for children and society as a whole? How could these problems be reduced? You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 3. Some people believe that hobbies need to be difficult to be enjoyable. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 4. Some people regard video games as harmless fun, or even as a useful educational tool. Others, however, believe that videos games are having an adverse effect on the people who play them. In your opinion, do the drawbacks of video games outweigh the benefits? ​ 7. ENVIRONMENT/NATURE/CLIMATE/ANIMAL 1. Global warming is one of the most serious issues that the world is facing today. What are the causes of global warming and what measures can governments and individuals take to tackle the issue? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. 2. There are many extinct animals’ species in the world. Some people think we should protect animals from dying out, while others believe we should spend more time on problems of human beings. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 3. Some people think that instead of preventing climate change, we need to find a way to live with it. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 4. Some people think that instead of preventing climate change, we need to find a way to live with it. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 5. The world's air pollution levels are rising year on year. What are the most pressing causes and effects of this disturbing trend? 6. Nowadays there is a rapid increase in the use of natural resources such as oil, forest and fresh water. What dangers does it bring? What are the possible solutions to address these issues? 7. Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. What can governments do to address these problems? What can individual people do? 8. Some people feel that it is always wrong to keep animals in captivity, for instance in zoos. Other people say that there are benefits for the animals and for humans. Discuss both sides of this debate, and give your personal view. You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 9. Nowadays animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the safety of other products. Some people argue that these experiments should be banned because it is morally wrong to cause animals to suffer, while others are in favour of them because of their benefits to humanity. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 10. Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycled. They say that the only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal requirement. To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste? 8. FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN 1. Some people say that cities are a better place for children to grow up, while others believe countryside is the right choice. Discuss both views. 2. Nowadays children spend more time playing computer games than doing sports. Why is it happening? Does it have a positive or negative effect on their development? 3. Children do not respect their parents as much as they did in the past. This behaviour is now having a negative impact on society. 4. Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 5."Children are facing more pressures nowadays from academic, social and commercial perspectives. What are the causes of these pressures and what measures should be taken to reduce these pressures? 6."Mothers play key roles in the upbringing of children. But in the recent times both parents are getting busy with professional life. Who in your opinion should take the responsibility of child care now?" Give your opinion in no less than 250 words. ​ 9. FOOD 1. For a long time there has been concern about the quality of the food we eat because of additives and contaminants. Recently genetically modified (GM) food has become more common, causing concern. Is this concern justified or not? 2. Even though organic fruits and vegetables are more expensive than conventional fruits and vegetables, they are worth the extra cost. Do you agree or disagree. 3. Everyone should follow a vegetarian diet because it is not necessary to eat meat to be healthy. Do you agree or disagree? 4. In some countries an increasing number of people are suffering from health problems as a result of eating too much fast food. It is therefore necessary for governments to impose a higher tax on this kind of food. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 5."It is noticeable that fast food consumption has increased substantially during the last 10 years. Discuss its impact on environment and health." 10. GENDER ISSUES 1. "World history suggests that violence and conflict were more evident under male leadership that under female leadership. So. for peace to prevail, female leadership can be considered as a better option that male leadership." Do you agree or disagree? 2. Universities should enrol equal numbers of male and female students in all subjects. Do you agree or disagree? 3. In some schools and universities, girls choose arts subjects (literature), and boys tend to choose science subjects (physics). Why do you think this is so? 4. Many people believe that women make better parents than men and that is why they have the greater role in raising children in most societies. Others claim that men are just as good as women at parenting. 11. GLOBAL ISSUES/GLOBALIZATION 1. Even though globalization affects the world’s economies in a very positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten. Discuss. 2. The world is heavily dependent on oil for energy. Do you think a future re-source will take oil's place? Why do you think this? 3. Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 4.Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas. 5. The continued rise in the world’s population is the greatest problem faced by humanity at the present time. What are the causes of this continued rise? Do you agree that it is the greatest problem faced by humanity? 6. Many countries today are experiencing high levels of migration from rural areas to cities. What are the causes of this trend, and what effects does it have on the existing city dwellers? 7. In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations. 8. We cannot help everyone in the world that needs help, so we should only be concerned with our own communities and countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? ​ 12. GOVERNMENT 1. Some People think that the government is wasting money on the arts and that this money could be better spent elsewhere. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2. Some people think governments should take measures to improve the health of its citizens. Others think it must be managed by individuals. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 3. Few people devote time to hobbies nowadays. Why you think this is the case and what effect this has on the individual and society in general. Differences between countries are becoming less. Nowadays people all over the world are adopting similar fashion and trends. Do you think disadvantages outweigh the advantages? 4. Differences between countries are becoming less. Nowadays people all over the world are adopting similar fashion and trends. Do you think disadvantages outweigh the advantages? 5. "Should Government be responsible for providing pure drinking water to all or should the people obtain their own water?" 6. Some people think that governments should give financial support to creative artists such as painters and musicians. Others believe that creative artists should be funded by alternative sources. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 7. In many cities the use of video cameras in public places is being increased in order to reduce crime, but some people believe that these measures restrict our individual freedom. Do the benefits of increased security outweigh the drawbacks? ​ 13. HEALTH 1. Currently there is a trend towards the use of alternative forms of medicine. However, at best these methods are ineffective, and at worst they may be dangerous. To what extent do you agree with this statement? 2.All over the world, the number of overweight people is growing. What do you feel are the main causes of this? What are the effects? 3. Many doctors are concerned about the high use of computer games by children and young people. What mental and physical problems may arise from excessive use of these games? How could these problems be reduced? 4. In many countries today, there are concerns about the unhealthy lifestyles that people lead. What health issues are linked to modern lifestyles? What answers to these problems can you suggest? Give reasons for your answer, and support your essay with ideas and examples from your own experience. 5. Some people say that the best way to improve public health is to increase the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 6. Many office authorities impose restriction on smoking within the offices premises. Some governments have even banned smoking in all public places. This is a good idea but it takes away some of our freedom. What are your opinions on this? Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 7. In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations. 8.The growing number of overweight people is putting a strain on the health care system in an effort to deal with the health issues involved. Some people think that the best way to deal with this problem is to introduce more physical education lessons in the school curriculum. To what extent do you agree or disagree? ​ 14. LANGUAGE 1. Several languages die every year. Many people feel this is a positive trend and that a world with fewer languages promotes harmony and understanding between people. Analyze both sides of this argument and provide your opinion. 2. Several languages are in danger of extinction because they are spoken by very small numbers of people. Some people say that governments should spend public money on saving these languages, while others believe that would be a waste of money. Discuss both these views and give your opinion. 3. Nowadays, more and more foreign students are going to English-Speaking countries to learn the “international” language – English. It is undoubtedly true that studying English in an English-speaking country is the best way, but it is not the only way to learn it. Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 4. The development of tourism contributed to English becoming the most prominent language in the world. Some people think this will lead to English becoming the only language to be spoken globally. What are the advantages and disadvantages to having one language in the world? 15. MEDIA/SOCIAL MEDIA 1. Today, the expensive price of popular consumer products is because of the power of advertising and not the real needs of people. Do you agree or disagree? 2. News editors decide what to broadcast on television and what to print in newspapers. What factors do you think influence these decisions? Have we become used to bad news? Wouldn’t it be better if more good news was reported? 3. News editors decide what to broadcast on television and what to write in newspapers. What factors influence these decisions? Do you think we become used to bad news? Should more good news be reported? 4. Nowadays there are more and more advertisements. Some people think that they have a negative influence on people, and therefore should be restricted. Do you agree or disagree? 5. Many people believe that media coverage of celebrities is having a negative effect on children. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? 6. "Advertisements of toys and fast foods are obstacles to children’s physical and mental development, and, at the same time, cause loss of time and money of parents." Give your opinion in no less than 250 words. 7. Many people believe that social networking sites (such as Facebook) have had a huge negative impact on both individuals and society. To what extent do you agree? ​ 16. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make? Has this become a positive or negative development? 2. Smart devices have put all of the world's information at our fingertips. The benefits of this development are obvious, but what are the drawbacks? 3. Since the 18th century technological advances have replaced people in the workplace. With today’s technology this process is happening at a greater rate. Technology is increasingly responsible for unemployment. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 4. There are many problems caused by mobile phones. What are the advantages of mobile phones? What are the disadvantages? 5. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has this been a positive or negative development? 6. Smart devices have put all of the world's information at our fingertips. The benefits of this development are obvious, but what are the drawbacks? 7. Many people today are worried about cybercrimes such as hacking and identity theft. What problems does `cybercrime' cause, and what solutions can you suggest for ordinary people and businesses to take? 8. Do you support the use of nuclear technology to be used for constructive purposes? Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 9. The advent of the internet has made it possible for people to work from home. Write an essay looking at the advantages and disadvantages of this professional arrangement. Share personal examples in your essay. 10. The advent of the internet has made it possible for people to work from home. Do you feel this working arrangement has more advantages or disad¬vantages? Share personal examples in your essay. 11. Internet crime is increasing rapidly as growing numbers of people purchase goods over the internet. What can be done to tackle this problem? 12. The advent of the internet has made it possible for people to work from home. Do you feel this working arrangement has more advantages or disadvantages? Share personal examples in your essay. 13. Some people regard video games as harmless fun, or even as a useful educational tool. Others, however, believe that videos games are having an adverse effect on the people who play them. In your opinion, do the drawbacks of video games outweigh the benefits? 14. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has this been a positive or negative development? 17. SOCIETY/SOCIAL PROLEMS/SOCIAL TRENDS 1. “Although abuse of the system is inevitable, social welfare payments are essential to protect the rights citizens have to a guaranteed minimum income in a democratic society” Discuss. 2. It is sometimes said that the countryside offers a high quality of life, especially for families. What are the arguments for and against families choosing to live and work in the countryside, for example as farmers? What is your own view about this? 3. "City Planners' new designs include setting up schools, markets, and commercial places (offices) in different areas of the city. Do you think it will help the city dwellers?" 4. Youth drug abuse is a serous problem. What are the possible causes of this behavior? Do you have any suggestion to control that? Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 5. The older generations tend to have very traditional ideas about how people should live, think and behave. However, some people believe that these ideas are not helpful in preparing younger generations for modern life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view? 18. SPORTS 1. Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair. Discus both these views and give your own opinion. 2. "Cricket has become more popular than the national sports in the sub-continental countries ."What do you think are the reasons behind this? 3. Some people believe that sport is an essential part of school life for children, while others feel it should be purely optional. Discuss these opposing views and give your own opinion. You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 4. Popular events like the football World Cup and other international sporting occasions are essential in easing international tensions and releasing patriotic emotions in a safe way. 19. TRANSPORT 1. Transport delays and long journey times are a widespread phenomenon in many cities today. What are the causes of this problem, and how could the situation be improved? 2. Everyday traffic seems to get worse on our roads. How can we reduce the number of cars on our roads today? What alternatives can we offer car drivers? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. 3. In order to solve traffic problems, governments should tax private car owners heavily and use the money to improve public transportation. What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. 4. Some people think that strict punishments for driving offences are the key to reducing traffic accidents. Others, however, believe that other measures would be more effective in improving road safety. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. ​ 20. TRAVEL/TOURISM 1. Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their own countries. What are the reasons? What are the solutions to change negative attitudes? 2. Restricting air travel is the only way to prevent air pollution. Do you agree? You should spend about 40 minutes on this task and write at least 250 words. 3. Tourism is always a force for good which enables people of different countries to understand each other.' To what extent do you agree with this idea? 4. Some people like to travel outside of their countries. Others would rather travel to the tourist spots in their own country first before travelling abroad. Which do you prefer to do and why? Include specific details and examples to support your choice. 5."By investing in tourism we can earn a lot of revenue and growth in national economy. At the same time it destroys the local culture. What is your opinion?" Give your opinion in no less than 250 words. 6. Today more people are travelling than ever before. Why is this the case? What are the benefits of travelling for the traveller? 7. Foreign visitors should pay more than local visitors for cultural and historical attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? ​ 21. WORK 1. Unemployment remains the biggest challenge to school-leavers in most countries’ How far do you agree with this assessment? What other challenges face young people today? 2. Some people think that having a set retirement (e.g.65 years) for everybody, regardless of occupation, is unfair. They believe that certain workers deserve to retire and receive a pension at an earlier age. 3. Some people think that having a set retirement age (e.g. 65 years) for everybody, regardless of occupation is unfair. They believe that certain workers deserve to retire and receive a pension at an early age. Do you agree or disagree? Which types of workers do you think should benefit from early retirement? 4. Many people today find it difficult to balance the demands of their work and personal life. What are the causes of this situation, and what can individuals and employers do to reduce the problem? You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 5. Most employers do job interviews before offering a position to a person. Do you think this is the best way to do it, or are there better alternatives? What is the best method of choosing employees in your opinion? 6. Many people decide on a career path early in their lives and keep to it. This, they argue, leads to a more satisfying working life. To what extent do you agree with this view? What other things can people do in order to have a satisfying working life? 7. "Changing jobs and residences frequently is a very common scenario nowadays. Do you believe that this is good for one's future?" 8. Men do most high level jobs. Should the government encourage a certain percentage of to be reserved for women? 9. The most important thing about a job is how much money you earn in that job. Do you agree or disagree? 10. Some employers offer their employees subsidised membership of gyms and sports clubs, believing that this will make their staff healthier and thus more effective at work. Other employers see no benefit in doing so. Consider the arguments from both aspects of this possible debate, and reach a conclusion. 11. Many people are working at home rather than in the workplace. Some people believe this will bring benefits to the workers and their families, but others suggest it will cause stress in the home. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 12. The advent of the internet has made it possible for people to work from home. Write an essay looking at the advantages and disadvantages of this professional arrangement. Share personal examples in your essay. 13. When choosing a job, the salary is the most important consideration. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 14. Completing university education is thought by some to be the best way to get a good job. On the other hand, other people think that getting experience and developing soft skills is more important. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. ​ 22. OTHERS/ABSTRACT IDEAS-HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC. 1. In achieving personal happiness, our relationships with family, friends, and colleagues are more important than work and wealth. Do you agree or disagree with this? 2. In achieving personal happiness, our relationships with family, friends, and colleagues are more important than work and wealth. Do you agree or disagree with this? 3."Some people think that hard work and determination are the keys to success in life. Some, on the other hand, think that there are other factors behind a successful life. Give your opinion." 4. Some people think that a person improves intellectual skills better when doing group activities. To what extent do you agree? Use specific details and examples to explain your view. 5. Nowadays celebrities are more known for their glamour and wealth than for their achievement, and this sets a bad example to young people. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 6. Some people believe famous people’s support for international aid organizations draw public attention. Others think celebrities reduce the importance of the problems. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 7. Whether someone achieves their goal or not is a question of luck. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 8. Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness? 9. Some people think that money is one of the most essential factors in promoting happiness. Do you think people can be happy without much money? What other factors contribute towards happiness?

BCS ,JOBS Previous Questions BCS PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 10TH TO 41ST BCS ENGLISH QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS ​ 41st BCS English questions solution 1। ‘Shylock’ is a character in the play- (ক) Twelfth Night (খ) The Merchant of Venice (গ) Romeo and Juliet (ঘ) Measure for Measure উত্তর: (খ) The Merchant of Venice 2 ‘Vanity Fair’ is a novel written by- (ক) D. H. Lawrence (খ) William Makepeace Thackeray (গ) Joseph Conrad (ঘ) Virginia Woolf উত্তর: (খ) William Makepeace Thackeray 3. ‘Pip’ is the protagonist in Charles Dickens’ novel- (ক) A Christmas Carol (খ) A Tale of Two Cities (গ) Oliver Twist (ঘ) Great Expectations উত্তর: (ঘ) Great Expectations 4.‘Lady Chatterley’s Lover’ was written by the author of – (ক) Lord Jim (খ) The Rainbow (গ) Ulysses (ঘ) A Passage to India উত্তর: (খ) The Rainbow 5. Identify the word that can be used as both singular and plural: (ক) wood (খ) issue (গ) fish (ঘ) light উত্তর: (গ) fish 6.Find out the correct passive form of the sentence ‘Who taught you French? (ক)By whom you were taught French? (খ) By whom French was taught you? (গ) French was taught you by whom? (ঘ) By whom were you taught French? উত্তর: (ঘ) By whom were you taught French? 7.The old man was tired of walking.’ Here ‘walking is a/an- (ক) present participle (খ) adjective (গ) common noun (ঘ) gerund উত্তর: (ঘ) gerund 8.Which one is a correct sentence? (ক) The doctor found my pulse. (খ) The doctor took my pulse. (গ) The doctor examined my pulse. (ঘ) The doctor saw my pulse. উত্তর: (খ) The doctor took my pulse. 9. ‘I will not let you go.’ In this sentence ‘go’ is a/an- (ক) infinitive (খ) gerund (গ) participle (ঘ) verbal noun উত্তর: (ক) infinitive 10.When Ushashi entered ——the room everybody stopped talking. (ক) into (খ) in (গ) to (ঘ) no preposition required উত্তর: (ঘ) no preposition required 11.The play The Birthday Party is written by- (ক) Samuel Beckett (খ) Henry Livings (গ) Harold Pinter (ঘ) Arthur Miller উত্তর: (গ) Harold Pinter 12.Who is the author of the first scientific romance The Time Machine? (ক) H. G. Wells (খ) Samuel Butler (গ) Henry James (ঘ) George Moore উত্তর: (ক) H. G. Wells 13.‘Call me if you have any problems regarding your work. Here ‘regarding’ is a/an- (ক) gerund (খ) apposition (গ) preposition (ঘ) conjunction উত্তর: (গ) preposition 14.Seleet the correct comparative form of the sentence- “A string of pearls was not so bright as her teeth”. (ক) Her teeth was more brighter than a string of pearls. (খ) Her teeth were brighter than a string of pearls. (গ) A string of pearls was brighter than her teeth. (ঘ) A string of pearls were very bright than her teeth. উত্তর: (খ) Her teeth were brighter than a string of pearls. 15.”Come on, it’s time to go home. Here ‘home’ is a/an- (ক) noun (খ ) verb (গ) adjective (ঘ) adverb উত্তর: (ঘ) adverb 16. ‘Huffing and puffing, we arrived at the classroom door with only seven seconds to spare. In this sentence the verb ‘arrived’ is- (ক) intransitive (খ) transitive (গ) causative (ঘ) defective উত্তর: (ক) intransitive 17.Which one of the following is a common gender? (ক) king (খ) sovereign (গ) emperor (ঘ) queen উত্তর: (খ) sovereign 18.To win a prize is my ambition. The underlined part of the Sentence is a/an- (ক) adjective phrase (খ) noun phrase (গ) adverb phrase (ঘ) conjunctional phrase উত্তর: (খ) noun phrase 19.Choose the word opposite in meaning to ‘terse: (ক) concise (খ) detailed (গ)expressive (ঘ) descriptive উত্তর: (খ) detailed Exp: ‘Terse’ means abruptly or brusquely short. The correct antonym is ‘detailed’ which means complete and thorough. 20”Who’s that? In this sentence that is a/an- (ক) pronoun (খ) conjunction (গ) adjective (ঘ) adverb উত্তর: (ক) pronoun 21.What is the noun form of the word ‘know’? (ক) knowing (খ) knowledge (গ) knowledgeable (ঘ) known উত্তর: (খ) knowledge 22.‘Why, then, ’tis none to you, for there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it s ’. This extract is taken from the drama – (ক) King Lear (খ) Macbeth (গ) As You Like It (ঘ) Hamlet উত্তর: (ঘ) Hamlet 23.”Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive to seek, to find, and not to yield’ is taken from the poem written by – (ক) Robert Browning (খ) Matthew Arnold (গ) Alfred Tennyson (ঘ) Lord Byron উত্তর: (গ) Alfred Tennyson 24.”Give somebody a piece of your mind’ means to- (ক) tell someone that you are very angry with them. (খ) say exactly what you feel or think. (গ) return or to help somebody return to a normal situation. (ঘ) give somebody mental peace. উত্তর: (ক) tell someone that you are very angry with them. 25. ‘I shall help you provided you obey me. Here the underlined word is a/an- (ক) adverb (খ) adjective (গ) conjunction (ঘ) verb উত্তর: (গ) conjunction 26.Identify the correct spelling: (ক) questionaire (খ) questionoir (গ) questionnaire (ঘ) questionair উত্তর: (গ) questionnaire 27.Which ‘but’ is a preposition? (ক) It is but right to admit our faults. (খ) What can we do but sit and wait? (গ) We tried hard, but did not succeed. (ঘ) There is no one but likes him. উত্তর: (খ) What can we do but sit and wait? 28.Who is not a romantic poet? (ক) P. B. Shelley (খ) S.T. Coleridge (গ) John Keats (ঘ) T. S. Eliot উত্তর: (ঘ) T. S. Eliot 29.In Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, Hamlet was prince of – (ক) Norway (খ) Britain (গ) Denmark (ঘ) France উত্তর: (গ) Denmark 30.Adela Quested and Mrs. Moore are characters from the novel – (ক) David Copperfield (খ) The Return of the Native (গ) A Passage to India (ঘ) Adam Bede উত্তর: (গ) A Passage to India 31.Time held me green and dying, Though I sang in my chains like the sea. These lines have been quoted from Dylan Thomas’ poem – (ক) The Flower (খ) Fem Hill (গ) By Fire (ঘ) After the Funeral উত্তর: (খ) Fem Hill 32.One whose attitude is ‘eat, drink and be merry is- (ক) materialistic (খ) epicurean (গ) cynic (ঘ) stoic উত্তর: (খ) epicurean 33.’Was this the face that launch’d a thousand ships. And burnt the topless towers of Ilium? Who speaks the famous lines? (ক) Caesar (খ) Antony (গ) Faustus (ঘ) Romeo উত্তর: (গ) Faustus 34.The Character ‘Alfred Doolittle’ is taken from Shaw’s play titled- (ক) Pygmalion (খ) Man and Superman (গ) The Doctor’s Dilemma (ঘ) Mrs. Warren’s Profession উত্তর: (ক) Pygmalion 35.The poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ is written by- (ক) W. B. Yeats (খ) T. S. Eliot (গ) Walter Scott (ঘ) Robert Browning উত্তর: (খ) T. S. Eliot 40th BCS English questions solution 1. Please write to me at the above address. The word 'above' in this sentence is a/an- A. Noun B. Adjective C. Pronoun D. Adverb Ans: B 2. In which sentence is the word ‘past’ used as preposition? A. Writing letters is a thing of the past. B. I look back on the past without regret. C. I called out to him as he ran past. D. Tania was a wonderful singer, but she's past her prime. Ans: D 3. The word ‘sibling’ means- A. a brother B. a sister C. A brother or sister D. An infant Ans: C 4. As she was talking, he suddenly broke- saying, That's a lie! A. Off B. In C. Down D. Into Ans: B 5. You may go for a walk if you feel- it. A. About B. On C. Like D. For Ans: C 6. Identify the word which is spelt incorrectly: A. Consciencious B. Perseverance C. Convalescence D. Maintenance Ans: A 7. ‘You look terrific in that dress’ The word ‘terrific’ in the above sentence means- A. excellent B. funny C. very ugly D. horrible Ans: A 8. Someone who is capricious is- A. easily irritated B. wise and willing to cooperate C. exceedingly conceited and arrogant D. know for sudden changes in attitude or behaviour Ans: D 9. Which one of the following words is masculine? A. mare B. Lad C. Pillow D. Pony Ans: B 10. A man whose wife has died is called a - A. Window B. Widower C. Spinster D. Bachelor Ans: B 11. Which word is similar to ‘ appal’? A. deceive B. confuse C. dismay D. solicit Ans: C 12. Which Word means the opposite of ‘ dearth’? A. lack B. abundance C. poverty D. shortage Ans: B 13. Identify the word which remains the same in its plural form: A. aircraft B. intention C. mouse D. thesis Ans: A 14. Identify the determiner in the following sentence: ‘I have no news for you.' A. have B. news C. no D. for Ans: C 15. A lost opportunity never returns. Here lost is a - A. gerund B. verbal noun C. gerund infinitive D. participle Ans: D 16. The saying‘ enough is enough’ is used when you want- A. something to continue B. something to stop C. something to continue until it's enough D. to tell instructions are clear Ans: B 17. ‘He ran with great speed’. The underlined part of the sentence is a- A. noun phrase B. adverb phrase C. adjective phrase D. participle phrase Ans: B 18. We must not be late, else we will miss the train. This is a- A. compound sentence B. complex sentence C. simple sentence D. interrogative sentence Ans: A 19. Change the voice: Who is calling me? A. By whom an I called? B. By whom I am called? C. By whom am I being called? D. Whom am I called? Ans: C 20. An extra message added at the end of a letter after it is signed is called- A. corrigendum B. postscript C. NB D. RSVP Ans: B 21. The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope is a/an - A. epic B. ballad C. mock-heroic poem D. elegy Ans: C 22. Which of the following is not an American poet? A. Robert Frost B. W.B Yeats C. Emily Dickinson D. Langston Hughes Ans: B 23. William Shakespeare was born in- A. 1616 B. 1664 C. 1564 D. 1493 Ans: C 24. Tennyson ‘In Memoriam’ is an elegy on the death of - A. John Milton B. John Keats C. Arthur Henry Hallam D. Sydney Smith Ans: C 25. ‘Sweet Helen’ make me immortal with a kiss.' The sentence has been taken from the play- A. Romeo and Juliet B. Caesar and Cleopatra C. Doctor Faustus D. Antony and Cleopatra Ans: C 26. ‘What's in name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet’_ A. Juliet B. Romeo C. Portia D. Rosalind Ans: A 27. ‘Man's love is of man's life a thing apart, Tis women's whole existence.'_ This is taken from the poem of_ A. P.B. Shelley B. Lord Byron C. John Keats D. Edmund Spenser Ans: B 28. Who translated the ‘Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam’ into English? A. Thomas Carlyle B. Edward Fitzgerald C. D.G. Rossetti D. William Thackeray Ans: B 29. ‘Ulysses’ is a novel written by_ A. Joseph Conrad B. Thomas Hardy C. Charles Dickens D. James Joyce Ans: D 30. The short story ‘The Diamond Necklace’ was written by_ A. Guy Dr Maupassant B. O Henry C. Somerset Maugham D. George Orwell Ans: A 31. ‘All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand’_Who said this? A. Macbeth B. Lady Macbeth C. Lady Macduff D. Macduff Ans: B 32. ‘Where are the songs of spring? Aye, where are they? Think not of them, thou hast thy music too.’_ Who wrote this? A. William Shakespeare B. Robert Browning C. John Keats D. Samuel Coleridge Ans: C 33. Who is the central character of ‘Wuthering Heights’ by Emily Bronte? A. Mr. Earnshaw B. Catherine C. Heathcliff D. Hindley Earnshaw Ans: C 34. ‘The old order changeth, yielding place to new.’_ This line is extracted from Tennyson's poem_ A. The Lotos-Eaters B. Tithonus C. Locksley Hall D. Morte d' Arthur Ans: D 35. Who wrote the poem ‘The Good-Morrow’? A. George Herbert B. Andrew Marvell C. John Donne D. Henry Vaughan Ans: C 39th BCS English questions solution 1. A person who believes that law and governments are not necessary is known as – A. a militant B. an anarchist C. a terrorist D. an extremist Ans: B 2. He went to —-hospital because he had……heart attack. A. no article, an B. the, no article C. a, an D. no article, a Ans: D 3. Complete the sentence- Had I known you were waiting outside, I….. A. had invited you to come in B. would invite you to come in C. would be inviting you to come in D. would have invited you to come in Ans: D 4. Cricket is a kind of game and also a name of – A. insect B. food C. bird D. flower Ans: A 5. When we want to mean a government by richest class we use the term– A. Oligarchy B. Plutocracy C. Cryptocracy D. Aristocracy Answer: B 6. Hospitals …. the sick. A. Operate B. treat C. admit D. nurse Ans: B 7. The Warning of the authority falls on deaf ears – Here Warning does the function of_ A. adverb B. adjective C. verb D. Noun Ans: D 8. The word ‘Culinary’ is related to– A. printing B. cooking C. dress D. musical instruments Ans: B 9. Identify the correct Passive voice of the sentence below: Do you know them? A. Are they known by you? B. Would they be known by you? C. Are they known with you? D. Are they known to you? Ans: D 10. Panacea means – A. cure all B. pancreatic C. widespread D. gland Ans: A 11. What is the plural number of ‘ovum’? A. ovams B. ovumes C. ovumes D. ova Ans: D 12. কোন শব্দযুগলটি ভিন্ন? A. False, True B. Sharp, Blunt C. Love, Affection D. Abundance, Scarcity Ans: C 13. ‘A Christmas Carol’ is a _ by Charles Dickens. A. Ballad B. Sketch story C. Historical novel D. Short novel Ans: D 14. ‘There was a small reception following the wedding’. The word ‘following’ in the sentence above is a/an – A. Preposition B. adjective C. Adverb D. Noun Ans: A 15. Which of the following words has been formed with a prefix? A. Amoral B. authentic C. amnesia D. aspersions Ans: A [ Amoral- lacking a moral sense; unconcerned with the rightness or wrongness of something] 16. লেফটেন্যান্ট এর সঠিক বানান কোনটি? A. Lieaftenant B. Lieaftenant C. Leiftenant D. Lieutenant Ans: D 17. ‘To be, or not to be that is the quotation’_ is a famous soliloquy from_ A. Macbeth B. King Lear C. Othello D. Hamlet Ans: D 18. ‘Geriatrics’ is the branch of medicine concerned with the diseases and care of – A. Newly-weds B. Old women C. Newborn babies D. Old People Ans: D 18. নিচের উপমা টি পূর্ণকারী কোনটি? Finger: Hand: Leaf: A. Flower B. Twig C. Tree D. Branch Ans: B 19. Love for the whole world is called – A. Philanthropy B. Misogyny C. benevolence D. Misanthropy Ans: A 20. Select the word with right spelling – A. Schizophrenia B. Seizophrania C. Scizophrenia D. Schizophrania Ans: A 21. A soporific speech is likely to – A. be incomprehensible B. appeal primarily to emotions C. Put one to sleep D. stimulation action Ans: C 22. The word ‘Florid’ indicates. A. flour B. foliage C. floor D. flower Ans: D 38th BCS English Question 01. Who is the author of ‘Man and Superman? a. G.B. Shaw b. Thomas Hardy c. Ernest Hamingway d. Charles Dcikens Ans. a. G.B. Shaw 02. The most famous Satanist in English literature is— a. Jonathan Swift b. Alexander Pope c. Joseph Addison d. Richard Stell Ans. a. Jonathan Swift 03. What is the plural form of the word ‘louse’? a. louses b. lice c. lices d. licess Ans. b. lice 04. Choose the correct sentence: a. He refrained to take any drastic action b. He refrained on taking any drastic action c. He refrained in taking any drastic action d. He refrained from taking any drastic action Ans. d. He refrained from taking any drastic action 05. Which word is closest in meaning to ‘Franchise’? a. utility b. frankness c. privilege d. superficial Ans. c. privilege 06. ‘Once in a blue moon’ means— a. always b. very rarely c. nearly d. hourly Ans. b. very rarely 07. ‘Jacobean Period’ of English Literature refers to— a. 1558-1603 b. 1625-1649 c. 1603-1625 d. 1649-1660 Ans. c. 1603-1625 08. A retired officer lives next door. Here, the underlined word in used as a/an: a. Gerund b. adverb c. preposition d. participle Ans. d. participle 09. Choose the appropriate preposition in the blank of the following sentence: Eight men were concerned--- the plot. a. at b. with c. in d. for Ans. d. for 10. Fill in the gap with the right tense: When water—it turns into ice. a. will freeze b. freezes c. would freeze d. froze Ans. b. freezes 11. Which one is the correct antonym of ‘frugal’? a. Extraordinary b. spendthrift c. economical d. authentic Ans. b. spendthrift 12. Choose the meaning of the idiom— ‘Take the bull by the horns’ a. To challenge the enemy with courage b. Force the enemy to submit c. Out of one’s wit d. Surrender before the enemy Ans. a. To challenge the enemy with courage 13. Fill in the blank with the correct quantifier. I still have—money. a. a few b. quite a few c. many d. a little Ans. d. a little 14. Select the right compound structure of the sentence: ‘Though he is poor, he is honest’. a. He is poor and honest b. As he is poor, he is honest c. He is poor but honest d. Sine he is poor, he is honest. Ans. c. He is poor but honest 15. Where do the following lines occur in? ‘Alone, alone, all, all alone, Alone on a wide, wide sea.---` a. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner b. Kubla Khan c. The Nightingale d. The dungeon Ans. a. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 16. ‘For God’s sake hold your tongue, and let me love.’ This line is written by— a. Emily Dickinson b. T.S. Eliot c. Mathew Arnold d. John Donne Ans. d. John Donne 17. Fill in the blanks: Tourists – their reservations well in advance if they want to fly to Cox’s Bazar. a. better to had get b. had better to get c. had better got d. had better get Ans. d. had better get 18. The sun went down. The underlined word is used here as a/an: a. preposition b. adverb c. noun d. conjunction Ans: b. adverb 19. Which one of the following words is in singular form? a. agenda b. oases c. radius d. formulae Ans. c. radius 20. Identify the right passive voice of ‘it is impossible to do this’. a. Doing this is impossible b. This is impossible to be done c. This is must be done d. This can’t be done Ans. b. This is impossible to be done 21. Of the following authors, who wrote an epic? a. John Milton b. Jane Mansfield c. William Cowper d. William Shakespeare Ans. a. John Milton 22. The literary term ‘euphemism’ means— a. vague idea b. inoffensive expression c. a sonnet d. wise saying Ans. b. inoffensive expression 23. ‘Mutton’ is a/an a. Common noun b. Abstract noun c. Material noun d. Proper noun Ans. c. Material noun 24. Reading is an excellent habit. Here, the underlined word is a— a. Verbal noun b. Participle c. Verb d. Gerund Ans. d. Gerund 25. Which one of the following words is an example of a distributive pronoun? a. such b. either c. that d. any Ans. b. either 26. Who is not a Victorian poet? a. Mathew Arnold b. Alexander Pope c. Robert Browning d. Alfred Tennyson Ans. b. Alexander Pope 27. A speech of too many word is called— a. A big speech b. Maiden speech c. An unimportant speech d. A verbose speech Ans. d. A verbose speech 28. ‘Strike while the iron is hot’ is an example of— a. Noun Clause b. Adjective clause c. Adverbial clause d. Subordinate clause Ans. c. Adverbial clause 29. The play ‘The Spanish Tragedy’ is written by— a. Thomas Kyd b. Christopher Marlowe c. Shakespeare d. Ben Jonson Ans. a. Thomas Kyd 30. Who among the following Indian English writers is a famous novelist? a. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak b. R.K. Narayan c. Nissim Ezekiel d. Kamala Das Ans. b. R.K. Narayan 31. The word ‘Panegyric’ means a. Criticism b. elaborate praise c. curse d. high sound Ans. b. elaborate praise 32. Select the correctly spelt word: a. heterogeneous b. heterogeneous c. hetrogeneous d. hetroganeous Ans. b. heterogeneous 33. ‘Among’ is a preposition that is used when--- people are involved. a. two b. more than two c. two or more than two d. four only Ans. b. more than two 34. Which period is known as ‘The golden age of English literature’? a. The Victorian age b. The Elizabeth I age c. The Restoration age d. The eighteenth Century Ans. b. The Elizabeth I age 35. Which one in the correct indirect narration? ‘Why have you beaten my dog? he said to me. a. He demanded me why had I beaten his dog. b. He asked me why I have had beaten his dog. c. He enquired my why had I had beaten his dog. d. He demanded of me why I had beaten his dog. Ans. d. He demanded of me why I had beaten his dog. ​ ​ 37 TH BCS ENGLISH QUESTION 01. Which of the following words is in singular form? a. formulae b. agenda c. oases d. radius ans: d. radius 02. Choose the correct sentence: a. All of id depending on you b. All of it are depending on you c. All of it depends on you d. All of it are depended on you Ans: c. All of it depends on you 03. “A rooling some gathers no moas” The complex form of the sentence is -- a. Since a stone is rooling, it gathers no moss. b. Though a stone rolls, it gathers no moss. c. A stone what rools gathers no moss d. A stone that rolls gathers no moss. Ans: A stone that rolls gathers no moss 04. A Chard was appended to the report. Here ‘appended’ means— a. changed b. removed c. joined d. shortened Ans: c. joined 05. The mother sat vigilantly beside the sick baby. Here vigilantly’ is— a. a noun b. an adverb c. an adjective d. none of these Ans: b. an adverb 06. The new offer of job was alluring, Here ‘alluring’ means—of this sentence is--- a. unexpected b. tempting c. disappointing d. ordinary Ans: b. tempting 07. “Who planted this tree here”? The correct passive voice of this sentence is--- a. By who the tree was planted here? b. Who the tree had been planted hereby? c. The tree was planted here by whom? d. By whom had the tree been planted here? Ans: a. By who the tree was planted here? 08. Fraility the name is women. Here ‘Fraility’ is: a. A noun b. An adjective c. An adverb d. A verb Ans: a. A noun 09. Education is enlightening. Here ‘enlightening’ is: a. A gerund b. A participle c. An infinitive d. A finite verb Ans: a. A gerund 10. Choose the appropriate prepositions in the blank of the following sentence: The family doesn’t feel ____ going outing this season. a. in b. on c. like d. of Ans: c. like 11. Fill in the blank with appropriate use of tense I couldn’t mend the computer myself, so I ___ at a shop a. had it mended b. had it mend c. did it mend d. had mended Ans: a. had it mended 12. Use the appropriate article— I saw ___ one eyed man when I was walking on the road. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed Ans: a. a 13. The word ‘Omnivorous’ means: a. eating all types of food b. eating only fruits c. eating only meat d. eating grass and plants only Ans: a. eating all types of food 14. Complete the following sentence choosing the appropriate option: It’s raining cats and dogs, so-- a. Watch out for falling animals b. Make sure you take an umbrella. c. Keep your pets inside. d. Keep the windows open. Ans: b. Make sure you take an umbrella. 15. The phrase ‘Achilles’ heel’ means: a. A strong point b. A weak point c. A permanent solution d. A serous idea Ans: b. A weak point 16. He worked with all sincerity. The underlined phrase is--- a. A noun phrase b. An adjective phrase c. An infinitive phrase d. An adverbial phrase Ans: d. An adverbial phrase 17. This is the book I lost. Here ‘I lost’ is--- a. A noun clause b. An adverbial clause c. An adjective clause d. None of the three Ans: c. An adjective clause 18. Which do you think is the nearest in meaning to ‘proviso’ a. Sanction b. substitute c. stipulation d. directive Ans: c. stipulation 19. Cassandra is a night owl, so she doesn’t usually get up until about: a. 11 a.m b. 11 p.m c. 7 a.m d. 7 p.m Ans: d. 7 p.m 20. Select the word that is the most closely opposite in meaning to the capitalized word: DELETERIOUS a. toxic b. spurious c. harmless d. lethal Ans: c. harmless 21. “Gerontion” is a poem by--- a. T.S. Eliot b. W.B. Yeats c. Mathew Arnold d. Robert Browning Ans: a. T.S. Eliot 22. Fill in the blank. ___ is Shakespeare’s last play. a. As you like it b. Macbeth c. Tempest d. Othello Ans: c. Tempest 23. Who has written to poem “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”? a. Thomas Gray b. P.B. Shelley c. Robert Frost d. Y.B. Yeats Ans: a. Thomas Gray 24. Who has written the play ‘Volpone’? a. John Webster b. Ben Jonson c. Christopher Marlowe d. William Shakespeare Ans: b. Ben Jonson 25. Shakespeare composed much of this plays in what sort of verse? a. Alliterative verse b. Sonnet form c. Lambic pentameter d. Dactylic Hexameter Ans: c. Lambic pentameter 26. The repetition of beginning consonant sound is know as— a. personification b. onomatopoeia c. alliteration d. rhyme Ans: c. alliteration 27. Which of the following is not a poetic tradition? a. The Epic b. The Comic c. The Occult d. The Tragic Ans: b. The Comic 28. What is the funny poem of five lines called? a. Quartet b. Limerick c. Sixtet d. Haiku Ans: b. Limerick 29. Who wrote “Biographia Literaria”? a. Lord Byron b. P.B. Shelley c. S.T. Coleridge d. Charles Lamb Ans: c. S.T. Coleridge 30. Robert Browning was a ___ poet. Fill in the gap with appropriate word. a. Romantic b. Victoriam c. Modern d. Elizathan Ans: b. Victoriam 31. Othello gave Desdemona___ as a token of love: a. Ring b. Handkerchief c. Pendant d. Bangles Ans: b. Handkerchief 32. P.B. Shelley’s Adonais’ is an elegy on the death of--- a. John Milton b. S.T. Coleridge c. John Keats d. Lord Byron Ans: c. John Keats 33. The comparison of unlike using the words like on as is known to be— a. metaphor b. simile c. alliteration d. personification Ans: b. simile 34. ‘Restoration period’ in English literature refers to--- a. 1560 b. 1660 c. 1760 d. 1866 Ans: b. 1660 35. ‘The Sun Also Rises’ is a novel written by--- a. Charles Dicknes b. Hermanne Melville c. Earnest Hemingway d. Thomas Hardy Ans: c. Earnest Hemingway ​ ​ ​ 36th BCS English Question ​ ​ 01. Shakespeare's Measure for Measure' is a successful- a. tragedy b. comedy c. trigi-comedy d. melo drama Ans. c. trigi-comedy 02. Teacher said, 'The earth ___ round the sun.' a. moves b. moved c. has moved d. will be moving Ans. a. moves 03. The romantic age in English literature began with the publication of-- a. preface to Shakespeare b. perface to Lyrical Ballads c. preface to Ancient Mariners d. preface to Dr. Johnson Ans. b. perface to Lyrical Ballads 04. Professor Razzak was a scholar---- refute. a. in b. of c. after d. by Ans. b. of b. of 05. 'David Coperfield' is a/an------novel. a. Victorian b. Elizabethan c. Romantic d. Modern Ans. a. Victorian 06. 'Elegy written is a country churchyard' is written by--- a. William Wordsworth b. Thomas Gray c. John Keats d. W.B. Yeats Ans. b. Thomas Gray 07. John Smith is good ___ Mathematics. a. at b. in c. of d. after Ans. a. at 08. In English Grammar, ____ deals with formation of sentences. a. Morphology b Etymology c. Syntax d. Semantics Ans. c. Syntax 09. Which of the followings books is written by Thomas Hardy? a. Vanity Fair b. The Return of the Native c. Pride and Prejudice d. Oliver Twist Ans. b. The Return of the Native 10. He insisted___ there. a. on my going b. is to go c. over going d. to go Ans. a. on my going 11. The idiom 'A stitch is times saves nine' refers to the importance of-- a. saving lives b. timely action c. saving time d. time tailoring Ans. b. timely action 12. 'Frailty thy name is woman'-is a famous dialouge from--- a. Christopher Marlow b. Johns Webstar c. W. Shakespeare d. T.S. Eliot Ans. c. W. Shakespeare 13. The poem 'The Solitary Reaper' is written by-- a. W.H. Auden b. W. Wordsworth c. W.B. Yeats d. Ezra Pound Ans. b. W. Wordsworth 14. 'The Merchant of Venice' is a Shakespearean play about-- a. a Jew b. a Moor c. a Roman d. a Turk Ans. a. a Jew 15. What word be the right antonym for 'initiative'? a. apathy b. indolence c. enterprise d. activity Ans. b. indolence 16. The play 'Candida' is by---- a. James Joyce b. Shakespeare c. G.B. Shaw d. Arthur Miller Ans. c. G.B. Shaw 17. Which of the following writers belongs to the romantic period in English literatue? a. A. Tennyson b. Alexander Pope c. John Dryden d. S.T. Colerideg Ans.d. S.T. Colerideg 18. This could have worked if I ---- benn more cautious. a. had b. have c. might d. would Ans. a. had 19. The climax of a plot is what happens---- a. in the beginning b. at the height c. at the end d. in the confrontation Ans. b. at the height 20. London town is found a livign being in the works of-- a. Thomas Hardy b. Charles Dickens c. W. Congreve d. D.H. Lawrence Ans. b. Charles Dickens 21. I have been living in Dhaka----2000. a. since b. from c. till do. for Ans. a. since 22. Give the antonym of the word 'transitory'. a. temporary b. permanent c. transparent d. short-lived Ans. b. permanent 23. 'A Passage to India' is written by--- a. E.M. Forster b. Rudyard Kipling c. Galls Worthy d. A.H. Auden Ans. a. E.M. Forster 24. 'Gitanjali' of Robindranath Tagore was translated by--- a. Robert Frost b. W.B. Yeats c. John Keats d. Rudyard Kipling Ans. b. W.B. Yeats 25. 'Venerate' means-- a. defame b. abuse c. respect d. accuse Ans. c. respect 26. Credit tk 5000---- my account. a. with b. against c. to d. in Ans. c. to 27. 'To do away with' means-- a. to repeat b. to start c. to get rid of d. to drive off Ans. c. to get rid of 28. Who of the following writers was not a novelist? a. Charles Dickens b. W.B. Yeats c. James Joyce d. Jane Austen Ans. b. W.B. Yeats 29. Which one is a correct sentence? a. Paper is made of wood b. Paper is made from wood c. Paper is made by wood d. Paper is made on wood Ans. b. Paper is made from wood 30. Verb of 'Number' is--- a. number b. enumerate c. numbering d. numerical Ans. b. enumerate 31. 'Child is the father of man' is taken from the poem of-- a. S.T coleridge b. P.B. Shelley c. A.C. Swinburne d. W. Wordsworth Ans. d. W. Wordsworth 32. Slow and steady---- the race. a. win b. wins c. has won d. won Ans.b. wins 33. 'Man is a political animal'- who said this? a. Dante b. Plato c. Aristotle d. Socrates Ans. c. Aristotle 34. Who is known as 'the poet of nature' in English literature? a. Lord Tennyson b. John Milton c. William Words Worth d. John Keates Ans. c. William Words Worth 35. Identify the correct sentnece-- a. Yesterday, he has gone home b. Yesterday, he did gone home c. Yesterday, he had gone home d. Yesterday, he went home Ans. d. Yesterday, he went home 35TH BCS ENGLISH QUESTION 01. Cricket enjoys a huge ----- in Bangladesh. a. Follow on b. Follow c. Fall out d. Following Ans. d. Following 02. Who wrote the following lines: “all at once I saw/a crowd, a host of golden daffodils”? a. Wrodsworth b. Shelley c. Herrick d. Keats Ans. a. Wrodsworth 03. What would be the right synonym for “initiative”? a. Apathy b. Indolence c. Enterprise d. Activity Ans. c. Enterprise 04. Which of the following words cab en used as a verb? a. Mister b. Master c. Mistress d. Mastery Ans. b. Master 05. Who among the following writers is not a Nobel Laureate? a. T.S. Eliot b. Toni Morrison c. Grahame Greene d. William Faulkner Ans. c. Grahame Greene 06. The correct passive form of “You must shut these doors” is— a. These must be shut doors b. Shut the doors you must c. Shut must be the doors d. These doors must be shut Ans. d. These doors must be shut 07. The film was directed in the director’s usual---- style a. Confusion b. Idiosyncratic c. Personifying d. Purifying Ans. b. Idiosyncratic 08. Which word is the determiner in the sentence “Will it take much time?” a. will b. take c. much d. time Ans. c. much 09. The play ‘Arms and the Man’ is by— a. James Joyce b. Arthur Miller c. Samuel Beckett d. George Bernard Shaw Ans. d. George Bernard Shaw 10. “He was a rather disagreeable man.” Here the word disagreeable is a/an- a. Noun b. Adjective c. Adverb d. Preposition Ans. b. Adjective 11. This could have worked if I ---- been more far-sighted. a. had b. might c. have d. would Ans. a. had 12. The “climax” of a plot is what happens— a. in the beginning b. at the end c. at the height d. in the confrontation Ans. c. at the height 13. Choose the pair of words that expresses a relationship similar to that of “Harm: Damage”— a. Sweet : Sour b. Injure : Incapacitate c. Stout: Weak d. Hook : Crook Ans. b. Injure : Incapacitate 14. ‘Othello’ is a Shakespeare’s play about— a. A jew b. A Roman c. A Turk d. A Moor Ans. d. A Moor 15. In the 18th Century the Mughal Empire begun to--- a. discriminate b. disintegrate c. differentiate d. dislocate Ans. b. disintegrate 16. Being fat does not necessarily kill you, but it – the risk that yu will suffer from nasty diseases. a. increases b. emphasize c. encourage d. involves Ans. a. increases 17. The poem “Isle of Innis free” is written by— a. Dylan Thomas b. Ezra Pound c. W.H. Auden d. W.B. Yeats Ans. d. W.B. Yeats 18. ‘Riders to the Sea’ is— a. an epic poem b. a novella c. a one-act play d. a theatrical adaptation of a poem Ans. c. a one-act play 19. “It is time to review the protocol on testing nuclear weapons”. Here the underlined word means— a. Record of rules b. Procedures c. Summary of rules d. Problems Ans. a. Record of rules 20. ----amazing song hunted me for a long time. a. These b. Those c. Thus d. That Ans. d. That 21. Let us begin by looking at the minutes of the meeting. Here the underlined word means— a. time record b. time frame c. written record d. written analysis Ans. c. written record 22. The noise level in Dhaka city has increased exponentially. Here the underlined word means— a. amazingly b. shockingly c. steadily d. rapidly Ans. d. rapidly 23. Which of the following writers belong to the Elizabethan period? a. Cristopher Marlowe b. Alexander Pope c. John Dryden d. Samuel Beckett Ans. a. Cristopher Marlowe 24. Women are too often --- by family commitments. a. confused b. controlled c. contaminated d. constrained Ans. d. constrained 25. “To be, or not to be, that is the question”—is a famous dialogue from— a. Othello b. Romeo and Juliet c. Hamlet d. Macbeath Ans. c. Hamlet 26. Class relations and societal conflict is the key understanding of— a. Feminism b. Formalism c. Structuralism d. Marxism Ans. d. Marxism 27. Societies living in the periphery are always ignored. Here the underlined word means-- a. offshore areas b. marginal areas c. remote place d. backward places Ans. b. marginal areas 28. The idiom “A stitch in time saves nine”- refers the importance of— a. saving lives b. timely action c. saving time d. time tailoring Ans. b. timely action 29. Which is the correct sentence? a. He insisted on seeing her b. He insisted for seeing her c. He insisted in seeing her d. He insisted to be seeing Ans. a. He insisted on seeing her 30. The phrase “nouveau riche” means— a. Riche rich b. Well off c. New high class d. New rich Ans. d. New rich 31. What would be the best antonym of “hibernate”? a. dormancy b. liveliness c. sluggishness d. democracy Ans. b. liveliness 32. I am in the process of collecting material for my story. The underlined word is a/an— a. Verb b. Adverb c. Adjective d. Noun Ans. d. Noun 33. Depression is often hereditary. The underlined word is a/an— a. Verb b. Adverb c. Adjective d. Noun Ans. c. Adjective 34. Find the odd-man-out— a. George Eliot b. Thomas Hardy c. Joseph Conrad d. James Joyce Ans. a. George Eliot 35. Find the odd-man out— a. The redst Eye b. Sula c. As I Lay Dying d. A Mercy ​ 34TH BCS ENGLISH QUESTION 01. Lunar eclipse occurs on- a. A moonless day b. A new moon day c. A full moon day d. A half moon day Ans. c. A full moon day 02. The term PC means— a. Professional computer b. Private computer c. Prime computer d. Personal computer Ans. d. Personal computer 03. `Botany’ is to `plants’ as `Zoology’ is to— a. flowers b. trees c. dear d. animals Ans. d. animals 04. Tiger: Zoology :: Mars :? a. Astrology b. Astronomy c. Crytology d. Telescopy Ans. b. Astronomy 05. `Maiden Speech’ means— a. Late speech b. Early speech c. Final speech d. First speech Ans. d. First speech 06. What is the masculine gender of “mare”? a. Dog b. Mermaid c. Bear d. Stallion Ans. d. Stallion 07. Who is known as the `Lady of the Lamp’? a. Sorojini Naidu b. Hellen Killer c. Florence Nightingale d. Madame Teresa Ans. c. Florence Nightingale 08. For which of the following disciplines Nobel Prize is awarded? a. Literature, peace and Economices b. Physiology or Medicine c. Physics and Chemistry d. All of the above Ans. d. All of the above 09. EURO is the currency of- a. Africa b. Asia c. Europe d. America Ans. c. Europe 10. IMF is the result of— a. Hawana Conference b. Rome Conference c. Geneva Conference d. Brettonwood Conference Ans. d. Brettonwood Conference 11. N.B stands for— a. Non bearing b. Note before c. No bar d. Nota bene Ans. d. Nota bene 12. Fill in the blank of the following sentence with the right form of verb: If I ----a king! a. shall be b. am c. was d. were Ans. d. were 13. In Cricket game the length of the pitch between the two wickets is— a. 21 yards b. 24 yards c. 23 yards d. 22 yards Ans. d. 22 yards 14. Badminton is the national sport of— a. Nepal b. Malaysia c. Scotland d. China Ans. b. Malaysia 15. Which of the following ecosystems covers the largest area of the earth’s surface? a. Marine Ecosystem b. Desert Econosystem c. Mountain Ecosystem d. Fresh water Ecosystem Ans. a. Marine Ecosystem 33rd BCS ENGLISH QUESTION 01. Pick appropriate preposition for the following sentence: Noureen will discuss the issue with nasir-----phone. a. in b. over c. by d. on Ans. b. over 02. Pick appropriate preposition for the following sentence: Some writers sink--- obilion in course of time. a. from b. under c. into d. on Ans. c. into 03. ‘Call; to mind’ means— a. fantasize b. attend c. remember d. request Ans. c. remember 04. ‘Pass away’ Means— a. disappear b. die c. erase d. fall Ans. b. die 05. Pick the word that is synonymous with ‘authoritarian’— a. autocratic b. senior c. elderly d. potential Ans. a. autocratic 06. The word ‘permissive’ implies— a. humble b. law-abiding c. liberal d. submissive Ans. c. liberal 07. Each of the sons followed--- father’s trade. a. their b. her c. his d. whose Ans. c. his 08. Subject—verb agreement refers to— a. person only b. number, person and gender c. number and person d. number only Ans. c. number and person 09. The error in the sentence: ‘One of the recommendation made by the committee was accepted by the authorities’ is--- a. recommendation b. was c. accepted by d. committee Ans. a. recommendation 10. ‘The French’ refers to— a. the French people b. the french language c. the french manners d. the french society Ans. a. the French people 11. If a person cannot stop taking drugs, he is— a. attached to them b. committed to them c. addicted to them d. devoted to them Ans. c. addicted to them 12. The word ‘officialese’ means— a. plural number of official b. language used in offices c. plural number of offices d. vague expressions Ans. b. language used in offices 13. ‘Succumb’ means— a. achieve b. submit c. win d. conquer Ans. b. submit 14. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate part: We look forward---a response from you. a. to receiving b. to receive c. in receiving d. for receiving Ans. a. to receiving 15. If a part of a speech or writing breaks the theme, it is called— a. pomposity b. digression c. exaggeration d. anti-climax Ans. b. digression 16. The expression ‘take into account’ means— a. count numbers b. consider c. think seriously d.assess Ans. b. consider 17. Choose the best translation of ‘KZ©„cÿ Zv‡K wZi¯‹vi KijÕ from the alternative below— a. The authorities criticized him b. authorities took him to book c. The authorities took him to task d. The authorities gave reins to him Ans. c. The authorities took him to task 18. ‘Such claim needs to be tested empirically’ means— a. The test should be based on experience b. The test should be based on idea c. The test should be based on assumption d. The test should be based on calculation Ans. a. The test should be based on experience 19. The idiom ‘put up with’ means— a. Stay together b. Tolerate c. Keep trust d. Protect Ans. b. Tolerate 20. In many ways, riding a bicycle is similar to— a. driving a car b. when one drives a car c. the driving of a car d. when we drive a car Ans. a. driving a car 32nd BCS ENGLISH QUESTION 01. Choose the correct synonym for— “Extempore” a. Planned b. Improvise c. Impromptu d. Immediate Ans. c. Impromptu 02. Choose the correct synonym for—“Menacing” a. Encouraging b. Alarming c. Promising d. Auspicious Ans. b. Alarming 03. Choose the correct anatomy for—“Oblige” a. Bind b. Require c. Bother d. Censure Ans. d. Censure 04. Choose the correct anatomy for—“Cynical” a. Pessimistic b. Gullible c. Equivocal d. Liberal Ans. b. Gullible 05. Select the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the given sentence: “We were no more surprised than Rahman.” a. We were less surprised than Rahman b. We were all surprised c. Rahman was less surprised than us d. We were as surprised as Rahman Ans. d. We were as surprised as Rahman 06. Select the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the given sentence: “Note once our neighbor invited us into his house.” a. Our neighbor has invited u into his house once but many times b. Our neighbor has never invited us into his house c. Occasionally our neighbor has invited us into his house d. Our neighbor has not always invited us into his house Ans. b. Our neighbor has never invited us into his house 07. Choose Suitable word/phrase to fill in the blanks of the given Sentence: Travellers—their reservation well in advance if they want to visit the ST. Martins island a. had better to get b. had to better get c. had better get d. had better got Ans. c. had better get 08. Choose Suitable word/phrase to fill in the blanks of the given sentence: After food has been dried or canned—for later consumption. a. it should be stored b. that it should be stored c. should be stored d. which should be stored Ans. a. it should be stored 09. The sentence ‘Who would have thought Shylock was so unkind? expresses— a. hyperbole b. interrogation c. command d. wonder Ans. d. wonder 10. Choose the word/phrase that best retain the meaning of the quoted word/phrase in the given sentence: Despite being a brilliant scientist, he does not seem ‘to get his ideas across’ a. make his ideas understood b. get his ideas down pat c. summaries his ideas d. put together his ideas Ans. a. make his ideas understood 11. Choose the word/phrase the best retain the meaning of the quoted word/phrase in the given sentence: What may be considered ‘courteous’ in one culture may be arrogant in another. a. flimsy b. coarse c. gracious d. friendly Ans. d. friendly 12. Choose the pair of words that expresses a relationship similar to that of given pair: Words: writer A. Laws: policeman b. Butter: backer c. Chalk: black board d. Joy: emotion Ans. A. Laws: policeman 13. Choose the pair of words that expresses a relationship similar to that of given pair: Pattron: Support a. Spouse: divorce b. Artist: imitation c. Counselor: advice d. Restaurant: customer Ans. c. Counselor: advice 14. Choose the pair of words that expresses a relationshi similar ot that of given pair: Heart: human a. Walk: brick b. Hand: child c. Kitchen: house d. Engine: car Ans. d. Engine: car 15. Choose the meaning of the expression: “no news is good news”. a. It is likely that we expect bad news b. It is likely to have bad news c. It is likely that nothing bad has happened d. It is unlikely that another bad has happened Ans. c. It is likely that nothing bad has happened 16. Choose the meaning of the given expression: “A bird in hand is worth two in the bush”. a. the seen is better than unseen b. promises are better than unseen c. It is no good beating about the bush d. Take what you have got readily Ans. d. Take what you have got readily 17. “To raise one’s brows” indicates— a. annoyance b. disapproval c. indifference d. surprise Ans. d. surprise 18. Identify the incorrect word/phrase indicated by single quotation: ‘Every’ man or woman ‘should vote’ ‘for’ the candidate of ‘their’ choice. a. every b. for c. should vote d. their Ans. d. their 19. Identify the incorrect word/phrase indicated by single quotation: A doctor may be able ‘to diagnose’ a problem ‘perfect’ but he may not be able to find a drug ‘to which’ the patient ‘will respond’. a. to diagnose b. perfect c. to which d. will respond Ans. b. perfect 20. Identify the incorrect word/phrase indicated by the single quotation: According to experts a good way ‘to’ ‘improve’ listening skills is ‘by’ ‘watch’ television specially news and documentaries. a. to b. by c. improve d. watch Asn. d. watch 31st BCS ENGLISH QUESTION 01. Choose the one that best expresses the meaning of the given word:- Sporadic a. consistent b. Uniform c. Frequent d. Scattered Ans. d. Scattered 02. Choose the one that best expresses the meaning of the given word:- Omnipotent a. Feeble b. Supreme c. Impotent d. Vulnerable Ans. b. Supreme 03. Choose the word opposite in meaning to the given word:- Repeal a. Abolish b. Enact c. Annul d. Nullify Ans. b. Enact 04. Choose the word opposite in meaning to the given word:- Equity a. Uprightness b. Justice c. Integrity d. Bias Ans. d. Bias 05. Choose the one which can be substituted for the given word/sentence:- A formal composition or speech expressing high praise of somebody- a. elegy b. eulogy c. caricature d. exaggeration Ans. b. eulogy 06. The word ‘Shrug’ indicating doubt or indifference is associated with- a. Shoulders b. Head c. Forehead d. Eyebrows Ans. a. Shoulders 07. Fill the blank in the following sentence using most appropriate alternative: He is quite—in dealing with people. a. unsubtle b. imprudent c. diplomatic d. impolite Ans. c. diplomatic 08. Fill the blank in the following sentence using most appropriate alternative: They suffered much—tornado had hit their village. a. until b. since c. as if d. let alone Ans. b. since 09. Choose the wrong sentence: a. The land is belonged to an old lady b. They parted form one another suddenly c. The leader expressed himself forcibly d. Mother bought me an ice-cream Ans. a. The land is belonged to an old lady 10. Choose the wrong sentence: a. He was always arguing with his brother b. His failure resulted for lack of attention c. When will you write to him about your plan? d. Who was the boy you were all laughing at? Ans. b. His failure resulted for lack of attention 11. Choose the correctly spelt word:- a. Volantory b. Volantary c. Voluntary d. Voluntory Ans. c. Voluntary 12. Choose the correctly spelt word:- a. Accilerate b. Accelerate c. Accelerrate d. Accilarate Ans. b. Accelerate 13. Choose the correctly spelt word:- a. Tsunami b. Sunami c. Suname d. Sunamce Ans. a. Tsunami 14. Find the one that best fits into the blank space: Which living in poverty, the poet had to – a great deal of sufferings. a. see through b. put up with c. pass by d. fall back Ans. b. put up with 15. Find the one that best fits into the blank space: --- his earlier study, the Professor’s new study indicates a general warning trend in global weather. a. In contrast of b. In contrast to c. In contrast by d. In contrast as Ans. b. In contrast to 16. Find the one that best fits into the blank space: Only those who are not serious to their success work by--- and start. a. long odds b. against time c. every inch d. fits Ans. d. fits 17. Of the four alternatives given below, choose the word/words that best fits into the quoted word given in the sentence: One day women will have has so long been denied them leisure, money and ‘room’ to themselves. a. Space b. Liberty c. Office d. Capacity Ans. b. Liberty 18. Of the four alternatives given below, choose the word/words that best fits into the quoted word given in the sentence: Crafty men ‘condemn’ studies, simple men admire them and wise men use them. a. Denounce b. Laud c. Compliment d. Acclaim Ans. a. Denounce 19. To end in smoke— a. To create fire b. To go through suffering c. To come to nothing d. To see fire Ans. c. To come to nothing 20. Wordsworth introduced the readers--- a new kind of poetry. a. with b. at c. to d. by Ans. c. to Ans. ? BCS PRILIMINARY FULL QUESTIONS 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021 ​ ​ 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: International ​ ১। আন্তর্জাতিক বিচার আদালত রােহিঙ্গা গণহত্যা বিষয়ক অন্তর্বতীকালীন রায়ে মিয়ানমারকে কয়টি নির্দিষ্ট ব্যবস্থা গ্রহণের কথা বলেছে? (ক) ৩টি (খ) ২টি (গ) ৫টি (ঘ) ৪টি উত্তর: (ঘ) ৪টি ২। কোন দুটি দেশের মধ্যে সীমান্ত বিরােধ নিস্পত্তির জন্য ২০১১ সালে নােবেল শান্তি পুরস্কার দেয়া হয়- (ক) ক্যামেরুন এবং ইথিওপিয়া (খ) পেক্ষ এবং তেনেকুল (গ) ইথিওপিয়া এবং ইরিত্রিয়া (ঘ) মালি এবং সেনেগাল উত্তর: (গ) ইথিওপিয়া এবং ইরিত্রিয়া ৩। ব্রিটিশ ভারতের রাজধানী কলকাতা থেকে দিল্লীতে স্থানান্তরিত হয় কত সালে? (ক) ১৯১২ সালে (খ) ১৯১৩ সালে (গ) ১৯১৪ সালে (ঘ) ১৯১৫ সালে উত্তর: Exp: কলকাতার লোকেরা বঙ্গভঙ্গের বিরোধিতা করলে শাস্তিস্বরূপ লর্ড কার্জন ১৯১১ সালে রাজধানী কলকাতা থেকে সরিয়ে দিল্লীতে নিয়ে যান। ৪। আন্তর্জাতিক মুদ্রা তহবিল কোন সালে গঠিত হয়? (ক) ১৯৪৪ সালে (খ) ১৯৪৫ সালে (গ) ১৯৪৮ সালে (ঘ) ১৯৪১ সালে উত্তর: (ক) ১৯৪৪ সালে ৫। জাতিসংঘের কোন সংস্থাটি করােনা ভাইরাসকে ‘pandemic’ ঘােষণা করেছে? (ক) ECOSOC (খ) FAO (গ) WHO (ঘ) HRC উত্তর: (গ) WHO ৬। যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের রাষ্ট্রপতি নির্বাচনে ডেমােক্রেটিক দলের মনােনয়নের জন্য ন্যূনতম কতজন ডেলিগেটের সমর্থন প্রয়ােজন? (ক) ২৫০০ (খ) ১৯৯১ (গ) ১৯৫০ (ঘ) ১৮৯০ উত্তর: (খ) ১৯৯১ ৭। ট্রান্সপারেন্সি ইন্টারন্যাশনাল কোন দেশ ভিত্তিক আন্তর্জাতিক সংস্থা? (ক) সুইডেন (খ) মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র (গ) যুক্তরাজ্য (ঘ) জার্মানি উত্তর: (ঘ) জার্মানি ৮। সামরিক ভাষায় ‘WMD অর্থ কী? (ক) Weapons of Mass Destruction (খ) Worldwide Mass Destruction (গ) Weapons of Missile Defence (ঘ) Weapons for Massive Destruction উত্তর: (ক) Weapons of Mass Destruction ৯। ২০২০ সালে প্রকাশিত ‘আইনের শাসন সূচকে শীর্ষস্থান অর্জনকারী দেশের নাম কী? (ক) ডেনমার্ক (খ) নরওয়ে (গ) জার্মানি (ঘ) সিঙ্গাপুর উত্তর: (ক) ডেনমার্ক ১০। ইনকা সভ্যতা কোন আমলে বিরাজমান ছিল? (ক) দক্ষিণ আমেরিকা (খ) আফ্রিকা (গ) মহাপ্রাচ্য (ঘ) ইউরােপ উত্তর: (ক) দক্ষিণ আমেরিকা ১১। নিচের কোন দেশটিতে রাশিয়ার সামরিক ঘাঁটির সুবিধা বিদ্যমান? (ক) কিউবা (খ) ভিয়েতনাম (গ) উজবেকিস্তান (ঘ) সােমালিয়া উত্তর: (খ) ভিয়েতনাম ১২। ফিনল্যান্ড কোন দেশের উপনিবেশ ছিল? (ক) রাশিয়া (খ) ডেনমার্ক (গ) সুইডেন (ঘ) ইংল্যান্ড উত্তর: (ক) রাশিয়া ১৩। এশিয়াকে আফ্রিকা মহাদেশ থেকে পৃথক করেছে কোন প্রণালী? (ক) জিব্রান্টার প্রণালী (খ) বসফরাস প্রণালী (গ)বাবেল মান্দেব প্রণালী ঘ) বেরিং প্রণালী উত্তর: (গ)বাবেল মান্দেব প্রণালী ১৪।জাতিসংঘের কোন সংস্থা বার্ষিক বিশ্ব বিনিয়োগ প্রতিবেদন প্রকাশ করে? (ক) WTO (খ) MIGA (গ) World Bank (ঘ) UNCTAD উত্তর: (ঘ) UNCTAD ১৫। আন্তর্জাতিক আদালতে মিয়ানমার কর্তৃক রােহিঙ্গা গণহত্যার অভিযােগে মামলা করে কোন দেশ? (ক) নাইজেরিয়া (খ) গাম্বিয়া (গ) বাংলাদেশ (ঘ) আলজেরিয়া উত্তর: (খ) গাম্বিয়া ১৬। কোন বিদেশি রাষ্ট্র বাংলাকে অন্যতম রাষ্ট্রাষার মর্যাদা দিয়েছে? (ক) রুয়ান্ডা (খ) সিয়েরালিয়ন (গ) সুদান (খ) লাইবেরিয়া উত্তর: (খ) সিয়েরালিয়ন ১৭। জাতিসংঘ নামকরণ করেন- (ক) রুজভেল্ট (খ) স্টালিন (গ) চার্চিল (ঘ) দ্যা গল উত্তর: (ক) রুজভেল্ট ১৮। কোন মুসলিম দেশ সামরিক জোট ন্যাটোর সদস্য? (ক) সৌদি আরব (খ) মালয়েশিয়া (গ) পাকিস্তান (ঘ) তুরস্ক উত্তর: (ঘ) তুরস্ক ১৯। নর্থ আটলান্টিক ট্রিটি অর্গানাইজেশন কোন বছর প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়? (ক) ১৯৪৫ সালে (খ) ১৯৪৯ সালে (গ) ১৯৪৮ সালে (ঘ) ১৯৫১ সালে উত্তর: (খ) ১৯৪৯ সালে ২০। জার্মানির প্রথম নারী চ্যান্সেলর কে? (ক) অ্যানেগরেট ক্রাম্প (খ) লিনা হেডরিচ (গ) অ্রাঞ্জেলা মারকেল (ঘ) পেট্রা কেলি উত্তর: (গ) অ্রাঞ্জেলা মারকেল 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: Geography ২১। একই পরিমাণ বৃষ্টিপাত অঞ্চলসমূহকে যে কাল্পনিক রেখার সাহায্যে দেখানো হয় তার নাম- (ক) আইসোপ্লিথ (খ) আইসোহাইট (গ) আইসোেহলাইন (ঘ) আইসোথার্ম উত্তর: (খ) আইসোহাইট ২২। বাংলাদেশের সবচেয়ে প্রাচীন বসতি কোনটি? (ক) ময়নামতি (খ) পুন্ড্রবর্ধন (গ) পাহাড়পুর (ঘ) সোনারগাঁ উত্তর: (খ) পুন্ড্রবর্ধন ২৩। নিচের কোনটি সত্য নয়? (ক) ইয়াবতী মায়ানমারের একটি নদী (খ) গােবী মরুভূমি ভারতে অবস্থিত (গ) থর মরুভূমি ভারতের পশ্চিমাংশে অবহিত (ঘ) সাজেক ভ্যালি বাংলাদেশে অবস্থিত উত্তর: (খ) গােবী মরুভূমি ভারতে অবস্থিত ২৪। দক্ষিণ গােলার্ধে উষ্ণতম মাস কোনটি? (ক) জানুয়ারি (খ) ফেব্রুয়ারি (গ) ডিসেম্বর (খ) মে উত্তর: (ক) জানুয়ারি ২৫। মার্বেল কোন ধরনের কি? (ক) রূপান্তরিত শিলা (খ) আগ্নেয় শিলা (গ) পাললিক শিলা (ঘ) মিশ্র শিলা উত্তর: (ক) রূপান্তরিত শিলা ২৬। মধ্যম উচ্চতায় মেঘ কোনটি ? (ক) সিরাস (খ) নিম্বাস (গ) কিউমুলাস (ঘ) স্ট্রেটাস উত্তর: Exp: ভূপৃষ্ঠের উপর থেকে 2135 মিটার থেকে 6097 মিটার এর মধ্যবর্তী মেঘকে মাঝারি মেঘ বলে। দুই প্রকারের মাঝারি মেঘ দেখা যায় যথাক্রমে: ১। অল্টো কিউমুলাস ২। অল্টো স্ট্রাটাস। সিরাস-উঁচু; কিউমুলাস, নিম্বাস, স্ট্রেটাস – নিচু; ২৭। ‘বেঙ্গল ফ্যান-ভূমিরূপটি কোথায় অবস্থিত? (ক) মধুপুর গড়ে (খ) বঙ্গোপসাগরে (গ) হাওর অঞ্চলে (ঘ) টারশিয়ারি পাহাড়ে উত্তর: (খ) বঙ্গোপসাগরে ২৮। UDMC-এর পূর্ণরূপ হলো- (ক) United Disaster Management Centre (খ) Union Disaster Management Committee (গ) Union Disaster Management Centre (ঘ) none of the above উত্তর: (খ) Union Disaster Management Committee ২৯। ২০১৫ সালের প্যারিস চুক্তির সাথে সম্পর্কিত বিষয় হলাে- (ক) আপদ ঝুঁকি হ্রাস (খ) জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন হ্রাস (গ) জনসংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি হ্রাস (ঘ) সমুদ্র পরিবহন ব্যবস্থাপনা উত্তর: (খ) জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন হ্রাস ৩০। বঙ্গবন্ধু দ্বীপ কোথায় অবস্থিত? (ক) মেঘনা মােহনায় (খ) সুন্দরবনের দক্ষিণে (গ) পদ্মা এবং যমুনার সংযােগস্থলে (ঘ) টেকনাফের দক্ষিণে উত্তর: (খ) সুন্দরবনের দক্ষিণে 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: General Science ৩১। আলােকবর্ষ ব্যবহার করে কী পরিমাপ করা হয়? (ক) দূরত্ব (খ) সময় (গ) ভর (ঘ) ওজন উত্তর: (ক) দূরত্ব ৩২। সূর্যের নিকটতম নক্ষত্রের নাম- (ক) ভেগা (খ) প্রক্সিমা সেন্টাউরি (গ) আলফ সেন্টাউরি A (ঘ) আলফা সেন্টাউরি B উত্তর: (খ) প্রক্সিমা সেন্টাউরি ৩৩। ১০০ ওয়াট-এর একটি বৈদ্যুতিক বাল্ক ১ ঘন্টা চললে কত শক্তি ব্যয় হয়? (ক) ১০০ জুল (খ) ৬০ জুল (গ) ৬০০০ জুল (ঘ) ৩৬০০০০ জুল উত্তর: (ঘ) ৩৬০০০০ জুল ৩৪। ইলেকট্রিক বাল্ব-এর ফিলামেন্ট যার দ্বারা তৈরি- (ক) আয়রন (খ) কার্বন (গ) টাংস্টেন (ঘ) লেড উত্তর: (গ) টাংস্টেন ৩৫। গ্রাফিন (graphime) কার বহুরূপী? (ক) কার্বন (খ) কার্বন ও অক্সিজেন (গ) কার্বন ও হাইড্রোজেন (ঘ) কার্বন ও নাইট্রোজেন উত্তর: (ক) কার্বন ৩৬। আইনস্টাইন নােকেল পুরস্কার পান- (ক) আপেক্ষিক তত্বের উপর (খ) মহাকর্ষীয় ধ্রুবক আবিষ্কারের জন্য (গ) কৃষ্ণগহবর আবিষ্কারের জন্য (ঘ) আলােক তড়িৎ ক্রিয়ার ব্যাখ্যা প্রদানের জন্য উত্তর: (ঘ) আলােক তড়িৎ ক্রিয়ার ব্যাখ্যা প্রদানের জন্য ৩৭। মানবদেহে লােহিত কণিকা আয়ুষ্কাল কত দিন? (ক) ৭ দিন (খ) ৩০ দিন (গ) ১৮০ দিন (ঘ) উপরের কোনটিই নয় উত্তর: (ঘ) উপরের কোনটিই নয় ৩৮। নদীর পানির ক্ষেত্রে কোনটি সত্য ? (ক)COD > BOD (খ) COD BOD ৩৯। পাথফাইন্ডাৱ-এর মঙ্গলে অবতরণ সাল— (ক) ১৯৯০ (খ) ১৯৯৫ (গ) ১৯১৭ (ঘ) ২০০০ উত্তর: (গ) ১৯১৭ ৪০। ওজোন স্তর বায়ুমন্ডলের কোন স্তরে অবস্থিত? (ক) স্ট্রাটোমন্ডল (খ) ট্রপোমন্ডল (গ) মেসোমন্ডল (ঘ) তাপমন্ডল উত্তর: (ক) স্ট্রাটোমন্ডল ৪১। কাঁদুনে গ্যাসের অপর নাম- (ক) ক্লোরোপিক্রিন (খ) মিথেন (গ) নাইট্রোজেন (ঘ) ইথেন উত্তর: (ক) ক্লোরোপিক্রিন ৪২। কোন পানিতে অক্সিজেনের পরিমাণ বেশি? (ক) পুকুরের পানিতে (খ) লেকের পানিতে (গ) নদীর পানিতে (ঘ) সাগরের পানিতে উত্তর: (ঘ) সাগরের পানিতে ৪৩। হার্ট থেকে রক্ত বাইরে নিয়ে যায় যে রক্তনালী- (ক) ভেইন (খ) আর্টারি (গ) কাপিলারি (ঘ) নার্ভ উত্তর: (খ) আর্টারি ৪৪। প্রোটিন তৈরি হয়- (ক) ফ্যাটি অ্যাসিড দিয়ে (খ) নিউক্লিক অ্যাসিড দিয়ে (গ) আমিনো অ্যাসিড দিয়ে (ঘ) উপরের কোনটিই নয় উত্তর: (গ) আমিনো অ্যাসিড দিয়ে ৪৫। কোনটি পানিতে দ্রবীভূত হয় না? (ক) গ্লিসারিন (খ) ফিটকিরি (গ) সােডিয়াম ক্লোরাইড (ঘ) ক্যালসিয়াম কার্বনেট উত্তর: (ঘ) ক্যালসিয়াম কার্বনেট 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: Information Technology ৪৬। যে ইলেক্ট্রনিক লজিক গেইটের আউটপুট লজিক 0 শুধুমাত্র যখন সকল ইনপুট লজিক 1 তার নাম- (ক) AND গেইট (খ) OR গেইট (গ) NAND গেইট (ঘ) উপরের কোনটিই নয় উত্তর: (গ) NAND গেইট ৪৭। নিচের কােনটির যোগাযােগের দূরত্ব সবচেয়ে কম – (ক) Wi-Fi (খ) Bluetooth (গ) Wi-Max (ঘ) cellular network উত্তর: (খ) Bluetooth ৪৮। নিচের কােনটি ১০০ এর ১ কমপ্লিমেন্ট? (ক) ১১১ (খ) ১০১ (গ) ০১১ (ঘ) ০০১ উত্তর: (গ) ০১১ ৪৯। RFID বলতে বুঝায়— (ক) Random Frequency Identification (খ) Random Frequency Information (গ) Radio Frequency Information (ঘ) Radio Frequency Identification উত্তর: (ঘ) Radio Frequency Identification ৫০। নিচের কোনটি সঠিক নয়? ৫১। Apache এক ধরনের- (ক) Database Management System (DBMS) (খ) Web Server (গ) Web Browser (ঘ) Protocol উত্তর: (খ) Web Server ৫২। ক্লাউড কম্পিউটিং-এর সার্ভিস মডেল কোনটি? (ক) অবকাঠামােগত (খ) প্লাটফর্মভিত্তিক (গ) সফটওয়্যার (ঘ) উপরের সবগুলাে উত্তর: (ঘ) উপরের সবগুলাে ৫৩। কোন নেটওয়ার্ক টপােলজিতে হাৰ (hub) ব্যবহার হয়? (ক) বাস টপােলজি (খ) রিং টপােলজি (গ) স্টার টপোলজি (ঘ) ট্রি টপােলজি উত্তর: (গ) স্টার টপোলজি ৫৪। একটি কম্পিউটার boot করতে পারে না যদি তাতে না থাকে- (ক) compiler (খ) loader (গ) operating system (ঘ) bootstrap উত্তর: (গ) operating system ৫৫। নিচের কোনটি anti-virus সফটওয়ার নয়? (ক) Oracle (খ) McAfee (গ) Norton (ঘ) Kaspersky উত্তর: (ক) Oracle ৫৬। যে কম্পিউটার ভাষায় সবকিছু শুধুমাত্র বাইনারি কোডে লেখা হয় তাকে বলে- (ক) Machine language (খ) C (গ) Java (ঘ) Python উত্তর: (ক) Machine language ৫৭। API মানে- (ক) Advanced Processing Information (খ) Application Processing Information (গ) Application Programming Interface (ঘ) Application Processing Interface উত্তর: (গ) Application Programming Interface ৫৮। মাইক্রোসফট IIS হচ্ছে একটি- (ক) ইমেইল সার্ভার (খ) ওয়েব সার্ভার (গ) ডাটাৰেইল সার্ভার (ঘ) ফাইল সার্ভার উত্তর: (খ) ওয়েব সার্ভার ৫৯। ব্লুটুথ কত দূরত্ব পর্যন্ত কাজ করে- (ক) ১০-৩০ মিটার (খ) ১০-৫০ মিটার (গ) ১০-১০০ মিটার (ঘ) ১০-৩০০ মিটার উত্তর: (গ) ১০-১০০ মিটার ৬০। একটি সিস্টেম যেখানে আইটেমগুলাে এক প্রান্তে সংযােজিত হয় কিন্তু অন্য প্রান্ত থেকে সরানো হয় তার নাম- (ক) Array (খ) Linked list (গ) Stack (ঘ) Queue উত্তর: (খ) Linked list 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: General Math ৬১। ▲ABC এর ∠A = 40° এবং ∠B = 80°। ∠C এর সমদ্বিখণ্ডক AB বাহকে D বিন্দুতে ছেদ করলে ∠CDA =? (ক) ১১০° (খ) ১০০° (গ) ৯০° (ঘ) ৮০° উত্তর: (ক) ১১০° ৬২। ৫ জন পুরুষ ও ৪ জন মহিলার একটি দল থেকে একজন পুরুষ ও দুইজন মহিলা নিয়ে কত প্রকায়ে একটি কমিটি গঠন করা যাবে? (ক) ১০ (খ) ১৫ (গ) ২৫ (ঘ) ৩০ উত্তর: (ঘ) ৩০ ৬৩। x+21/3+2 2/3 =0 হলে, x3+6 এর মান কত? (ক) 4x (খ) 6x (গ) 4 (ঘ) 8 উত্তর: (খ) 6x ৬৪। 5x+৪.5x + 16.5x = 1 হলে, x এর মান কত? (ক) -3 (খ) -2 (গ) -1 (ঘ) – ½ উত্তর: (খ) -2 ৬৫। ০.১২+০.০০১২+০.০০০০১২+ -ধারাটির অসীম পদ পর্যন্ত যোগফল- (ক) ৪/৩৩ (খ) ৪/৯৯ (গ) ১১২/৯৯ (ঘ) ১৪/৯৯ উত্তর: (ক) ৪/৩৩ ৬৬। √(-8) x √(-2) = কত? (ক) 4 (খ) 4i (গ) -4 (ঘ) -4i উত্তর: (গ) -4 ৬৭। |x-2|<3 হলে, m এবং n এর কোন মানের জন্য m<3x+5< n হবে? (ক) m = 1, n= 10 (খ) m = 2, n = 20 (গ) m = 3, n = 30 (ঘ) m = 4, n = 40 উত্তর: (খ) m = 2, n = 20 ৬৮। একটি আয়তক্ষেত্রের দৈর্ঘ্য ৫% বৃদ্ধি করলে তার ক্ষেত্রফল শতকরা কত বৃদ্ধি পাবে? (ক) ৫% (খ) ১০% (গ) ২০% (ঘ) ২৫% উত্তর: (ক) ৫% ৬৯। চিনির মূল্য ১০% কমে যাওয়ায় চিনির ব্যবহার শতকরা কত ভাগ বাড়ালে চিনি বাবদ খরচ একই থাকবে? (ক) ৮% (খ) ৮ ১/৩% (গ) ১০% (ঘ) ১১ ১/৯% উত্তর: (ঘ) ১১ ১/৯% ৭০। ৬ সে.মি. ব্যাসার্ধ বিশিষ্ট বৃত্তের অন্তস্থ একটি সমবাহু ত্রিভূজের ক্ষেত্রফল- (ক) ২১√৩ বর্গ সেমি (খ) ২৩√২ বর্গ সেমি (গ) ২৫√৩ বর্গ সে.মি. (ঘ) ২৭√৩ বর্গ সেমি উত্তর: (ঘ) ২৭√৩ বর্গ সেমি ৭১। 5/12, 6/13, 11/24, 3/8 এর মধ্যে বড় ভগ্নাংশটি- (ক) 5/12 (খ) 6/13 (গ) 11/24 (ঘ) 3/8 উত্তর: (খ) 6/13 ৭২। a+b =7এবং ab = 12 হলে, 1/a2 + 1/b2 এর মান কত? (ক) 3/25 (খ) 25/144 (গ) 31/144 (ঘ) 11/49 উত্তর: (খ) 25/144 ৭৩। বার্ষিক ১০% মুনাফায় ৮০০ টাকার ২ বছরের চক্রবৃদ্ধি মূলধন কত? (ক) ৯৪০ টাকা (খ) ১৬০ টাকা (গ) ৯৬৮ টাকা (ঘ) ৯৮০ টাকা উত্তর: (গ) ৯৬৮ টাকা ৭৪। log2 log√e e2=? (ক) -2 (খ) -1 (গ) 1 (ঘ) 2 উত্তর: (ঘ) 2 ৭৫। ১ থেকে ৪৪০ পর্যন্ত সংখ্যাগুলাের একটি দৈবচয়ন পদ্ধতিতে নেওয়া হলে সংখ্যাটি বর্গসংখ্যা হওয়ার সম্ভাবনা- (ক) ১/২২ (খ) ১/৬৪ (গ) ১/৬০ (ঘ) ২/৬৫ উত্তর: (ক) ১/২২ ৭৬। ৫০ মিনিট আগে সময় ছিল ৪টা বেজে ৪৫ মিনিট, ৬টা বাজতে আর কতক্ষণ সময় বাকি আছে? (ক) ১৫ মিনিট (খ) ২০ মিনিট (গ) ২৫ মিনিট (ঘ) ৮ মিনিট উত্তর: (গ) ২৫ মিনিট ৭৭। স্ক্রু ও ঘড়ির কাটার ঘূর্ণন গতির দিক- (ক) একই দিকে (খ) উল্টো দিকে (গ) উলম্ব রেখায় (ঘ) সমান্তরালে উত্তর: (ক) একই দিকে ৭৮। নিচের কোনটি সবচেয়ে ছােট সংখ্যা? (ক) ১৮/৩৬ (খ) ৫/৩ (গ) ১৬/৩১ (ঘ) ৪/১২ উত্তর: (ঘ) ৪/১২ ৭৯। ১ x ৩.৩৩ x ৭.১=? (ক) ৭.১৫ (খ) ৫.১৮ (গ) ২.৩৬ (ঘ) ১.৯৮ উত্তর: (গ) ২.৩৬ ৮০। একজন ব্যক্তির বেতন ৫% কমেছে। কিন্তু একবছর পর তা আবার ৫% বেড়েছে। মােটের উপর তার বেতন শতকরা কত বৃদ্ধি বা হ্রাস পেয়েছেঃ (ক) ০.৫% বেড়েছে (খ) ০.২৫% বেড়েছে (গ) ০.২৫% কমেছে (ঘ) ০.৫% কমেছে উত্তর: (গ) ০.২৫% কমেছে ৮১। কোন বানানটি শুদ্ধ? (ক) Incyclopedia (খ) Encyclopedia (গ) Enciclopadia (ঘ) Encyclopedea উত্তর: (খ) Encyclopedia ৮২। ঘড়ি:কাটা :: থার্মোমিটার: ? (ক) ফারেনহাইট (খ) তাপমাত্রা (গ) চিকিৎসা (ঘ) পারদ উত্তর: (ঘ) পারদ ৮৩। ১০০ থেকে ২০০ এর মধ্যে ৩ দ্বারা বিভাজ‌্য সংখ্যা কয়টি? (ক) ৩১ (খ) ৩২ (গ) ৩৩ (ঘ) ৩৪ উত্তর: (গ) ৩৩ ৮৪। “তিনি আমার কথা রাখলেন না, তিনি রাখলেন ______ সাহেবের কথা”। (ক) আইয়ুব খান (খ) ইয়াহিয়া খান (খ) ভুট্টো (ঘ) কিসিঞ্জার উত্তর: (খ) ভুট্টো ৮৫। রহিম উত্তর দিকে ১০ মাইল হেঁটে ডানদিকে ঘুরে ৫ মাইল হাটেন। তারপর ডানদিকে ঘুরে ২ মাইল হাঁটেন। তিনি কোন দিকে হাঁটছেন? (ক) পূর্ব (খ) পশ্চিম (গ) উত্তর (ঘ) দক্ষিণ উত্তর: (ঘ) দক্ষিণ ৮৬। নিচের কোন অক্ষরগুলাে পুনর্বিন্যাস করে একটি অর্থবােধক শব্দ তৈরি করা যায়? (ক) রা ত্র হো অ (খ) ব বা ধী প নি (গ) দ্র তা রি দা (খ) সা ব ব অ ধ্যা উত্তর: (ক) রা ত্র হো অ ৮৭ । প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্নিত স্থানে কোন সংখ্যা বসবে? (ক) ১৮ (খ) ৬৮ (গ) ৮১ (ঘ) ৪ উত্তর: (খ) ৬৮ ৮৮। ‘RELATION’-এর আয়নায় প্রতিবিম্ব কোনটি হবে? ​ ৮৯। পাঁচজন ব্যক্তি ট্রেনে ভ্রমণ করছেন।তারা হলেন ক, খ, গ, ঘ, ঙ। ক হলেন গ এর মা, গ আবার ঙ এর স্ত্রী। ঘ হলেন ক এর ভাই এবং খ হলেন ক এর স্বামী। ঙ এর সঙ্গে খ এর সম্পর্ক কী? (ক) শ্বশুর (খ) পিতা (গ) চাচা (ঘ) ভাই উত্তর: (ক) শ্বশুর ৯০। যদি মাসের ২য় দিন সোমবার হয়, তবে মাসের ১৮তম দিন কী বার হবে? (ক) রবিবার (খ) সোমবার (গ) মঙ্গলবার (ঘ) বুধবার উত্তর: (ঘ) বুধবার 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: Good Governance ৯১। কোন মূল্যবােধ রাষ্ট্র, সরকার ও গােষ্ঠী কর্তৃক স্বীকৃত? (ক) সামাজিক মূল্যবােধ (খ) ইতিবাচক মূল্যবােধ (গ) গণতান্ত্রিক মূল্যবােধ (ঘ) নৈতিক মূল্যবােধ উত্তর: (খ) ইতিবাচক মূল্যবােধ ৯২। কে কর্তব্যের নৈতিকতার ধারণা প্রবর্তন করেন? (ক) হ্যান্ড উইলসন (খ) এডওয়ার্ড ওসবর্ন উইলসন (গ) জন স্টুয়ার্ট মিল (ঘ) ইমানুয়েল কান্ট উত্তর: (খ) এডওয়ার্ড ওসবর্ন উইলসন ৯৩। সভ্যতার অন্যতম প্রতিচ্ছবি হলাে— (ক) সুশাসন (খ) রাষ্ট্র (গ) নৈতিকতা (ঘ) সমাজ উত্তর: (ঘ) সমাজ ৯৪। সুশাসন চারটি স্তম্ভের ওপর নির্ভরশীল।এই অভিমত কােন সংস্থা প্রকাশ করে? (ক) জাতিসংঘ (খ) জাতিসংঘ উন্নয়ন কর্মসূচি (গ) বিশ্বব্যাংক (ঘ) এশিয়া উন্নয়ন ব্যাংক উত্তর: (গ) বিশ্বব্যাংক ৯৫। ‘Political Ideals গ্রন্থের লেখক কে? (ক) মেকিয়াভেলি (খ) রাসেল (গ) প্লেটো (ঘ) এরিস্টটল উত্তর: (খ) রাসেল ৯৬। গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশের সংবিধানের কোন অনুচ্ছেদে জনস্বাস্থ্য ও নৈতিকতার বিষয়টি আলােচিত হয়েছে? (ক) অনুচ্ছেদ ১৩ (খ) অনুচ্ছেদ ১৮ (গ) অনুচ্ছেদ ২০ (ঘ) অনুচ্ছেদ ২৫ উত্তর: (খ) অনুচ্ছেদ ১৮ ৯৭। মূল্যবােধের গুরুত্বপূর্ণবৈশিষ্ট্য হলাে- (ক) বিভিন্নতা (খ) পরিবর্তনশীলতা (গ) আপেক্ষিকতা (ঘ) উপরের সবগুলােই উত্তর: (ঘ) উপরের সবগুলােই ৯৮। প্লেটো সদগুণ বলতে বুঝিয়েছেন- (ক) প্রজ্ঞা, সাহস, আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণ ও ন্যায় (খ) আত্মপ্রত্যয়, প্রেষণা ও নিয়ন্ত্রণ (গ) সুখ, ভালোত্ব ও প্রেম (ঘ) প্রজ্ঞা, আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণ, সুখ ও ন্যায় উত্তর: (ক) প্রজ্ঞা, সাহস, আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণ ও ন্যায় ৯৯। মূল্যবােধ দৃঢ় হয়- (ক) শিক্ষার মাধ্যমে (খ) সুশাসনের মাধ্যমে (গ) ধর্মের মাধ্যমে (ঘ) গণতন্ত্র চর্চার মাধ্যমে উত্তর: (ক) শিক্ষার মাধ্যমে ১০০। “রাষ্ট্রের সকল ক্ষেত্রে উন্নয়নের জন্য সুশাসন আবশ্যক।” কে এই উক্তি করেন? (ক) এইচ. ডি. স্টেইন (খ) জন স্মিথ (গ) মিশেল ক্যামডেসাস (ঘ) এম, ডব্লিউ, পমফ্রে উত্তর: (গ) মিশেল ক্যামডেসাস ​ 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: Bangla ​ ১০১। বাংলা ভাষায় প্রথম অভিধান সংকলন করেন কে? (ক) রামচন্দ্র বিদ্যাবাগীশ (খ) রাজশেখর বসু (গ) হরিচরণ দে (ঘ) অশােক মুখোপাধ্যায় উত্তর: (ক) রামচন্দ্র বিদ্যাবাগীশ ১০২। সবচেয়ে কম বয়সে কোন লেখক বাংলা একাডেমি পুরস্কার পান? (ক) শওকত আলী (খ) সেলিনা হােসেন (গ) আখতারুজ্জামান ইলিয়াস (ঘ) সৈয়দ শামসুল হক উত্তর: (ঘ) সৈয়দ শামসুল হক ১০৩। সবকিছু নষ্টদের অধিকারে যাবে’ গ্রন্থটির রচয়িতা কে? (ক) সৈয়দ আলী আহসান (খ) সুকান্ত ভট্টাচার্য (গ) হুমায়ুন আজাদ (ঘ) নির্মলেন্দু গুণ উত্তর: (গ) হুমায়ুন আজাদ ১০৪। ১৯৭১ সালে ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের ছাত্রমৃত্যুর প্রতিবাদে কোন উপাচার্য পদত্যাগ করেছিলেন? (ক) স্যার এ. এফ. রহমান (খ) রমেশচন্দ্র মজুমদার (গ) সৈয়দ সাজ্জাদ হোসায়েন (ঘ) বিচারপতি আবু সাঈদ চৌধুরী উত্তর: (ঘ) বিচারপতি আবু সাঈদ চৌধুরী ১০৫। তেভাগা আন্দোলনকেন্দ্রিক উপন্যাস কোনটি? (ক) অক্টোপাস (খ) কালাে বরফ (গ) ক্রীতদাসের হাসি (ঘ) নাঢ়াই উত্তর: (ঘ) নাঢ়াই ১০৬। কাৰ্জী নজরুল ইসলামের মােট ৫টি গ্রন্থ বিভিন্ন সময়ে ব্রিটিশ ঔপনিবেশিক সরকার বাজেয়াপ্ত করে। কোন বইটি প্রথম বাজেয়াপ্ত হয়? (ক) বিষের বাঁশি (খ) যুগবাণী (গ) ভাঙার গান (ঘ) প্রলয় শিখা উত্তর: (খ) যুগবাণী ১০৭। তারাশঙ্কর বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় বাংলাদেশের মুক্তিযুদ্ধ চলাকালেই এই মুক্তিযুদ্ধ নিয়ে একটি উপন্যাস রচনা করেছেন, যা ১৯৭২ সালে প্রকাশিত হয়। উপনাসটির নাম কী? (ক) চৈতালী ঘূর্ণি (খ) রতে অক্ষর (গ) বায়ান্ন বাজার তিপ্পান্ন গলি (ঘ) ১৯৭১ উত্তর: (ঘ) ১৯৭১ ১০৮। ‘সােমত্ত” শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে- (ক) সোপান (খ) সমর্থ (গ) সােল্লাস (ঘ) সওয়াব উত্তর: (খ) সমর্থ ১০৯। মুক্তিযুদ্ধভিত্তিক নাটক কোনটি? (ক) ছেড়াতার (খ) ঢাকা (গ) বাকী ইতিহাস (ঘ) কী চাহ হে শঙ্খচিল উত্তর: (ঘ) কী চাহ হে শঙ্খচিল ১১০। নিঃশ্বাসের স্বল্পতম প্রয়াসে উচ্চারিত ধ্বনি বা ধ্বনিগুচ্ছকে কী বলে? (ক) যৌগিক ধ্বনি (খ) অক্ষর (গ) বর্ণ (ঘ) মৌলিক স্বরধ্বনি উত্তর: (খ) অক্ষর ১১১। ইংরেজি ভাষায় জীবনানন্দ দাশের ওপর গ্রন্থ লিখেছেন কে? (ক) ডব্লিউ বি ইয়েটস (খ) ক্লিনটন বি সিলি (গ) অরুন্ধতী রায় (ঘ) অমিতাভ ঘােষ উত্তর: (খ) ক্লিনটন বি সিলি ১১২। বাবা ছেলের দীর্ঘায়ু কামনা করলেন’-এই পরোক্ষ উক্তির প্রত্যক্ষ রূপ হবে- (ক) বাবা ছেলেকে বললেন, বাবা তুমি দীর্ঘজীবী হও (খ) বাবা ছেলেকে বললেন যে, তােমার দীর্ঘায়ু হোক (গ) বাবা ছেলেকে বললেন, ‘তুমি দীর্ঘজীবী হও’ (ঘ) বাবা ছেলেকে বললেন যে, আমি তোমার দীর্ঘায়ু কামনা করি উত্তর: (গ) বাবা ছেলেকে বললেন, ‘তুমি দীর্ঘজীবী হও’ ১১৩। গ্রামবার্তা প্রকাশিকা’ পত্রিকাটি কোন স্থান থেকে প্রকাশিত ? (ক) ঢাকার পল্টন (খ) নওগাঁর পতিসর (গ) কুষ্টিয়ার কুমারখালী (ঘ) ময়মনসিংহের ত্রিশাল উত্তর: (গ) কুষ্টিয়ার কুমারখালী ১১৪। জীবনী সাহিত্যের ধারা গড়ে ওঠে কাকে কেন্দ্র করে? (ক) চৈতন্যদেব (খ) কাহ্নপা (গ) বিদ্যাপতি (ঘ) রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংসদেব উত্তর: (ক) চৈতন্যদেব ১১৫। ‘পরানের গহীন ভিতর’ কাব্যের কবি কে? (ক) অসীম সাহ (খ) অরুণ বসু (গ) আবু জাফর ওবায়দুল্লাহ (ঘ) সৈয়দ শামসুল হক উত্তর: (ঘ) সৈয়দ শামসুল হক ১১৬। এবার আমার একটি বিচিত্র অভিজ্ঞতা হলাে—এ বাক্য কোন ধরনের? (ক) অনুজ্ঞাবাচক (খ) নির্দেশাত্মক (গ) বিষ্ময়বোধক (ঘ) প্রশ্নবােধক উত্তর: (খ) নির্দেশাত্মক ১১৭। ভাষা আন্দোলন নিয়ে লেখা কবিতা কোনটি? (ক) হলি (খ) তোমাকে অভিবাদন প্রিয়া (গ) সােনালি কাবিন (ঘ) স্মৃতিস্তম্ভ উত্তর: (ঘ) স্মৃতিস্তম্ভ ১১৮। ধ্বনিতত্ত্ব ও শব্দতত্ত্বকে যথাযথভাবে ব্যবহার করার বিধানের নামই – (ক) রসতত্ত্ব (খ) রূপতত্ত্ব (গ) বাক্যতত্ত্ব (ঘ) ক্রিয়ার কাল উত্তর: (গ) বাক্যতত্ত্ব ১১৯। কোন বানানটি শুদ্ধ? (ক) মনোকষ্ট (খ) মনঃকষ্ট (গ) মণকষ্ট (খ) মনকস্ট উত্তর: (খ) মনঃকষ্ট ১২০। প্রচুর + য = প্রাচুর্য। কোন প্রত্যয়। (ক) কৃৎ প্রত্যয় (খ) তদ্ধিত প্রত্যয় (গ) বাংলা কৃৎ প্রত্যয় (ঘ) সংস্কৃত কৃৎপ্রত্যয় উত্তর: (খ) তদ্ধিত প্রত্যয় ১২১। ব্যঞ্জন ধ্বনির সংক্ষিপ্ত রূপকে বলে- (ক) রেফ (খ) হসঃ (গ) কার (ঘ) ফলা উত্তর: (ঘ) ফলা ১২২। পাঁচালিকার হিসেবে সর্বাধিক খ্যাতি কার ছিল? (ক) দাশরথি রায় (খ) রামনিধি গুপ্ত (গ) ফকির গরীবুল্লাহ (ঘ) রামরাম বসু উত্তর: (ক) দাশরথি রায় ১২৩। চারণকবি হিসেবে বিখ্যাত কে? (ক) আলাওল (খ) চন্দ্রাবতী (গ) মুকুন্দদাস (ঘ) মুক্তারাম চক্রবর্তী উত্তর: (গ) মুকুন্দদাস ১২৪। রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের ‘নষ্টনীড়’ গল্পের একটি বিখ্যাত চরিত্র- (ক) বিনােদিনী (খ) হৈমন্তী (গ) আশালতা (ঘ) চারুলতা উত্তর: (ঘ) চারুলতা ১২৫। উপমান কর্মধারয় সমাসের উদাহরণ কোনটি? (ক) শশব্যস্ত (খ) কালচক্র (গ) পরাণপাখি (ঘ) বহুব্রীহি উত্তর: (ক) শশব্যস্ত ১২৬। অপিনিহিতির উদাহরণ কোনটি? (ক) জন্ম>জম্ম (খ) আজি>আইজ (গ) ডেস্ক>ডেস্‌ক (ঘ) অলাবু>লাবু>লাউ উত্তর: (খ) আজি>আইজ ১২৭। কুসীদজীবী’ বলতে কাদের বুঝায়? (ক) চারণকবি (খ) সাপুড়ে (গ) সুদখাের (ঘ) কৃষিজীবী উত্তর: (গ) সুদখাের ১২৮। অভাব অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে কোন উপসর্গটি? (ক) অকাজ (খ) আবছায়া (গ) আলুনি (ঘ) নিখুঁত উত্তর: (গ) আলুনি ১২৯। চর্যাপদের টীকাকারের নাম ? (ক) মীননাথ (খ) প্রবোধচন্দ্র বাগচী (গ) হরপ্রসাদ শাহ (ঘ) মুনিদত্ত উত্তর: (ঘ) মুনিদত্ত ১৩০। কোন বানানটি শুদ্ধ? (ক) পুরষ্কার (খ) আবিস্কার (গ) সময়পোযোগী (ঘ) স্বত্ব উত্তর: (ঘ) স্বত্ব ১৩১। উনসত্তরের গণ-অভ্যূত্থানের পটভূমিকায় লেখা উপন্যাস কোনটি? (ক) ভূমিপুত্র (খ) মাটির জাহাজ (গ) কাটাতারে প্রজাপতি (ঘ) চিলেকোঠার সেপাই উত্তর: (ঘ) চিলেকোঠার সেপাই ১৩২। বিধবার প্রেম নিয়ে রচিত উপন্যাস কোনটি? (ক) শরৎ চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের শেষ প্রশ্ন (খ) রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের ‘চোখের বালি (গ) কাজী নজরুল ইসলামের কুহেলিকা (ঘ) বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের কপালকুণ্ডলা উত্তর: (খ) রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের ‘চোখের বালি ১৩৩। জেলে জীবন কেন্দ্রিক উপন্যাস কোনটি? (ক) গঙ্গা (খ) পুতুলনাচের ইতিকথা (গ) হাঁসুলী বাঁকের উপকথা (ঘ) গৃহদাহ উত্তর: (ক) গঙ্গা ১৩৪। ডিঙি টেনে বের করতে হবে। কোন ধরনের বাক্যের উদাহরণ। (ক) কর্মবাচ্য (খ) ভাববাচ্য (গ) যৌগিক (ঘ) কর্মকর্তৃবাচ্য উত্তর: (খ) ভাববাচ্য ১৩৫। বাংলা সাহিত্যে কালকূট নামে পরিচিত কোন লেখক? (ক) সমরেশ মজুমদার (খ) শওকত ওসমান (গ) সমরেশ বসু (ঘ) আলাউদ্দিন আল আজাদ উত্তর: (গ) সমরেশ বসু 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: English ১৩৬। ‘Shylock’ is a character in the play- (ক) Twelfth Night (খ) The Merchant of Venice (গ) Romeo and Juliet (ঘ) Measure for Measure উত্তর: (খ) The Merchant of Venice ১৩৭। ‘Vanity Fair’ is a novel written by- (ক) D. H. Lawrence (খ) William Makepeace Thackeray (গ) Joseph Conrad (ঘ) Virginia Woolf উত্তর: (খ) William Makepeace Thackeray ১৩৮। ‘Pip’ is the protagonist in Charles Dickens’ novel- (ক) A Christmas Carol (খ) A Tale of Two Cities (গ) Oliver Twist (ঘ) Great Expectations উত্তর: (ঘ) Great Expectations Exp: Philip Pirrip, called Pip, is the protagonist and narrator in Charles Dickens’s novel Great Expectations (1861). He is amongst the most popular characters in English literature. Pip narrates his story many years after the events of the novel take place. ১৩৯। ‘Lady Chatterley’s Lover’ was written by the author of – (ক) Lord Jim (খ) The Rainbow (গ) Ulysses (ঘ) A Passage to India উত্তর: (খ) The Rainbow ১৪০। Identify the word that can be used as both singular and plural: (ক) wood (খ) issue (গ) fish (ঘ) light উত্তর: (গ) fish ১৪১।Find out the correct passive form of the sentence ‘Who taught you French? (ক)By whom you were taught French? (খ) By whom French was taught you? (গ) French was taught you by whom? (ঘ) By whom were you taught French? উত্তর: (ঘ) By whom were you taught French? ১৪২।The old man was tired of walking.’ Here ‘walking is a/an- (ক) present participle (খ) adjective (গ) common noun (ঘ) gerund উত্তর: (ঘ) gerund ১৪৩।Which one is a correct sentence? (ক) The doctor found my pulse. (খ) The doctor took my pulse. (গ) The doctor examined my pulse. (ঘ) The doctor saw my pulse. উত্তর: (খ) The doctor took my pulse. ১৪৪। ‘I will not let you go.’ In this sentence ‘go’ is a/an- (ক) infinitive (খ) gerund (গ) participle (ঘ) verbal noun উত্তর: (ক) infinitive ১৪৫।When Ushashi entered ——the room everybody stopped talking. (ক) into (খ) in (গ) to (ঘ) no preposition required উত্তর: (ঘ) no preposition required ১৪৬।The play The Birthday Party is written by- (ক) Samuel Beckett (খ) Henry Livings (গ) Harold Pinter (ঘ) Arthur Miller উত্তর: (গ) Harold Pinter ১৪৭।Who is the author of the first scientific romance The Time Machine? (ক) H. G. Wells (খ) Samuel Butler (গ) Henry James (ঘ) George Moore উত্তর: (ক) H. G. Wells ১৪৮। ‘Call me if you have any problems regarding your work. Here ‘regarding’ is a/an- (ক) gerund (খ) apposition (গ) preposition (ঘ) conjunction উত্তর: (গ) preposition ১৪৯।Seleet the correct comparative form of the sentence- “A string of pearls was not so bright as her teeth”. (ক) Her teeth was more brighter than a string of pearls. (খ) Her teeth were brighter than a string of pearls. (গ) A string of pearls was brighter than her teeth. (ঘ) A string of pearls were very bright than her teeth. উত্তর: (খ) Her teeth were brighter than a string of pearls. ১৫০।”Come on, it’s time to go home. Here ‘home’ is a/an- (ক) noun (খ ) verb (গ) adjective (ঘ) adverb উত্তর: (ঘ) adverb ১৫১। ‘Huffing and puffing, we arrived at the classroom door with only seven seconds to spare. In this sentence the verb ‘arrived’ is- (ক) intransitive (খ) transitive (গ) causative (ঘ) defective উত্তর: (ক) intransitive ১৫২।Which one of the following is a common gender? (ক) king (খ) sovereign (গ) emperor (ঘ) queen উত্তর: (খ) sovereign ১৫৩।To win a prize is my ambition. The underlined part of the Sentence is a/an- (ক) adjective phrase (খ) noun phrase (গ) adverb phrase (ঘ) conjunctional phrase উত্তর: (খ) noun phrase ১৫৪।Choose the word opposite in meaning to ‘terse: (ক) concise (খ) detailed (গ)expressive (ঘ) descriptive উত্তর: (খ) detailed Exp: ‘Terse’ means abruptly or brusquely short. The correct antonym is ‘detailed’ which means complete and thorough. ১৫৫।”Who’s that? In this sentence that is a/an- (ক) pronoun (খ) conjunction (গ) adjective (ঘ) adverb উত্তর: (ক) pronoun ১৫৬।What is the noun form of the word ‘know’? (ক) knowing (খ) knowledge (গ) knowledgeable (ঘ) known উত্তর: (খ) knowledge ১৫৭।‘Why, then, ’tis none to you, for there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it s ’. This extract is taken from the drama – (ক) King Lear (খ) Macbeth (গ) As You Like It (ঘ) Hamlet উত্তর: (ঘ) Hamlet ১৫৮।”Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive to seek, to find, and not to yield’ is taken from the poem written by – (ক) Robert Browning (খ) Matthew Arnold (গ) Alfred Tennyson (ঘ) Lord Byron উত্তর: (গ) Alfred Tennyson ১৫৯।”Give somebody a piece of your mind’ means to- (ক) tell someone that you are very angry with them. (খ) say exactly what you feel or think. (গ) return or to help somebody return to a normal situation. (ঘ) give somebody mental peace. উত্তর: (ক) tell someone that you are very angry with them. ১৬০। ‘I shall help you provided you obey me. Here the underlined word is a/an- (ক) adverb (খ) adjective (গ) conjunction (ঘ) verb উত্তর: (গ) conjunction ১৬১।Identify the correct spelling: (ক) questionaire (খ) questionoir (গ) questionnaire (ঘ) questionair উত্তর: (গ) questionnaire ১৬২।Which ‘but’ is a preposition? (ক) It is but right to admit our faults. (খ) What can we do but sit and wait? (গ) We tried hard, but did not succeed. (ঘ) There is no one but likes him. উত্তর: (খ) What can we do but sit and wait? ১৬৩।Who is not a romantic poet? (ক) P. B. Shelley (খ) S.T. Coleridge (গ) John Keats (ঘ) T. S. Eliot উত্তর: (ঘ) T. S. Eliot ১৬৪।In Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, Hamlet was prince of – (ক) Norway (খ) Britain (গ) Denmark (ঘ) France উত্তর: (গ) Denmark ১৬৫।Adela Quested and Mrs. Moore are characters from the novel – (ক) David Copperfield (খ) The Return of the Native (গ) A Passage to India (ঘ) Adam Bede উত্তর: (গ) A Passage to India ১৬৬।Time held me green and dying, Though I sang in my chains like the sea. These lines have been quoted from Dylan Thomas’ poem – (ক) The Flower (খ) Fem Hill (গ) By Fire (ঘ) After the Funeral উত্তর: (খ) Fem Hill ১৬৭।One whose attitude is ‘eat, drink and be merry is- (ক) materialistic (খ) epicurean (গ) cynic (ঘ) stoic উত্তর: (খ) epicurean ১৬৮।’Was this the face that launch’d a thousand ships. And burnt the topless towers of Ilium? Who speaks the famous lines? (ক) Caesar (খ) Antony (গ) Faustus (ঘ) Romeo উত্তর: (গ) Faustus ১৬৯।The Character ‘Alfred Doolittle’ is taken from Shaw’s play titled- (ক) Pygmalion (খ) Man and Superman (গ) The Doctor’s Dilemma (ঘ) Mrs. Warren’s Profession উত্তর: (ক) Pygmalion ১৭০।The poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ is written by- (ক) W. B. Yeats (খ) T. S. Eliot (গ) Walter Scott (ঘ) Robert Browning উত্তর: (খ) T. S. Eliot 41 BCS Preliminary Question Solution 2021: Bangladesh ১৭১। বঙ্গবন্ধুকে কখন জুলিও কুরী শান্তি পুরস্কার প্রদান করা হয়? (ক) ২০ মে ১৯৭২ (খ) ২১ মে ১৯৭২ (গ) ২২ মে ১৯৭২ (ঘ) ২৩ মে ১৯৭২ উত্তর: Exp: ১০ অক্টোবর ১৯৭২ সালে বিশ্ব শান্তি পরিষদের প্রেসিডেন্সিয়াল কমিটির সভায় পৃথিবীর ১৪০টি দেশের এই পরিষদের ২০০ প্রতিনিধির উপস্থিতিতে বঙ্গবন্ধুকে জুলিও কুরি শান্তি পদক প্রদানের সিদ্ধান্ত গৃহীত হয়। শোষিত ও বঞ্চিত জনগণের অধিকার আদায়ের সংগ্রামে তথা বিশ্ব শান্তি প্রতিষ্ঠায় বঙ্গবন্ধুর অসাধারণ অবদানের স্বীকৃতি হিসেবে বিশ্ব শান্তি পরিষদের সর্বোচ্চ সম্মান ‘জুলিও কুরি’ পুরস্কারে ভূষিত করা ছিল তৎকালীন বিশ্ব পরিস্থিতিতে অসামান্য একটি ঘটনা। পরের বছর ১৯৭৩ সালের ২৩ মে বিশ্ব শান্তি পরিষদের উদ্যোগে ঢাকায় অনুষ্ঠিত এশীয় শান্তি সম্মেলনে বঙ্গবন্ধুকে ‘জুলিও কুরি’ পদক প্রদান করেন ওই পরিষদের সেক্রেটারি জেনারেল রমেশ চন্দ্র। ১৭২। ঐতিহাসিক ছয় দফা দাবিতে যে বিষয়টি অন্তর্ভুক্ত ছিল না। – (ক) শাসনতান্ত্রিক কাঠামো (খ) কেন্দ্রীয় সরকারের ক্ষমতা (গ) স্বতন্ত্র মুদ্রা ব্যবস্থা (ঘ) বিচার ব্যবস্থা উত্তর: (ঘ) বিচার ব্যবস্থা ১৭৩। মাৎস্যন্যায় বাংলার কােন সময়কাল নির্দেশ করে? (ক) ৫ম-৬ষ্ঠ শতক (খ) ৬ষ্ঠ-৭ম শতক (গ) ৭ম-৮ম শতক (ঘ) ৮ম-৯ম শতক উত্তর: (গ) ৭ম-৮ম শতক ১৭৪। বাংলার কোন সুলতানের শাসনামলকে স্বর্ণযুগ বলা হয়? (ক) শামসুদীন ইলিয়াস শাহ (খ) নাসিরুদ্দীন মাহমুদ শাহ (গ) আলাউদ্দিন হােসেন শাহ (ঘ) গিয়াসউদ্দিন আজম শাহ উত্তর: (গ) আলাউদ্দিন হােসেন শাহ ১৭৫। ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় প্রতিষ্ঠায় কে অগ্রণী ভূমিকা পালন করেন? (ক) নওয়াব আবদুল লতিফ (খ) সার সৈয়দ আহমেদ (গ) নওয়াব স্যার সলিমুল্লাহ (ঘ) খাজা নাজিমুদ্দিন উত্তর: (গ) নওয়াব স্যার সলিমুল্লাহ ১৭৬। ভাষা আন্দোলনের সময় পাকিস্তানের প্রধানমন্ত্রী কে ছিলেন? (ক) খাজা নাজিম উদ্দীন (খ) নুরুল আমিন (গ) লিয়াকত আলী খান (ঘ) মোহাম্মদ আলী জিন্নাহ উত্তর: (ক) খাজা নাজিম উদ্দীন ১৭৭। আলুটিলা প্রাকৃতিক গুহা কোথায় অবস্থিত? (ক) খাগড়াছড়ি জেলায় (খ) রাঙ্গামাটি জেলায় (গ) বন্দরবান জেলায় (ঘ) কক্সবাজার জেলায় উত্তর: (ক) খাগড়াছড়ি জেলায় ১৭৮। বাংলায় সেন বংশের (১০৭০-১২৩০ খ্রিষ্টাব্দ) শেষ শাসনকর্তা কে ছিলেন? (ক) হেমন্ত সেন (খ) বল্লাল সেন (গ) লক্ষণ সেন (ঘ) কেশব সেন উত্তর: (ঘ) কেশব সেন Exp: সেন বংশ: হেমন্ত সেন (১০৯৭) বিজয় সেন (১০৯৭-১১৬০) বল্লাল সেন (১১৬০-১১৭৮) লক্ষ্মন সেন (১১৭৮-১২০৬) বিশ্বরূপ সেন (১২০৬-১২২০) কেশব সেন (১২২০-১২৫০) ১৭৯। বাংলার সর্বপ্রাচীন জনপদের নাম ? (ক) পুন্ড্র (খ) তাম্রলিপ্তি (গ) গৌড় (ঘ) হরিকেল উত্তর: (ক) পুন্ড্র ১৮০। কাগমারী সম্মেলন অনুষ্ঠিত হয়- (ক) রোজ গার্ডেনে (খ) সিরাজগঞ্জে (গ) সন্তোষে (ঘ) সুনামগঞ্জে উত্তর: (গ) সন্তোষে ১৮১। মুক্তিযুদ্ধকালে কোলকাতার ৮, থিয়েটার রোডে বাংলাদেশ বাহিনী কখন গঠন করা হয়? (ক) এপ্রিল ১০, ১৯৭১ (খ) এপ্রিল ১১, ১৯৭১ (গ) এপ্রিল ১২, ১৯৭১ (ঘ) এপ্রিল ১৩, ১৯৭১ উত্তর: (খ) এপ্রিল ১১, ১৯৭১ ১৮২। কোন অনুচ্ছেদ বলে বাংলাদেশের সংবিধানের মৌলিক বিধানাবলী পবিবর্তনযােগ্য নয়? (ক) অনুচ্ছেদ ৭ (খ) অনুচ্ছেদ ৭(ক) (গ) অনুচ্ছেদ ৭(খ) (ঘ) অনুচ্ছেদ ৮ উত্তর: (গ) অনুচ্ছেদ ৭(খ) ১৮৩। বাংলাদেশের সংবিধানের ত্রয়োদশ সংশােধনীর মূল বিষয় ছিল- (ক) বহুদলীয় ব্যবস্থা (খ) বাকশাল প্রতিষ্ঠা (গ) তত্ত্বাবধায়ক সরকার (ঘ) সংসদে মহিলা আসন উত্তর: (গ) তত্ত্বাবধায়ক সরকার ১৮৪। সংবিধানের চেতনার বিপরীতে সামরিক শাসনকে বৈধতা নিতে কোন তফসিলের অপব্যবহার করা হয়? (ক) ৪র্থ তফসিল (খ) ৫ম তফসিল (গ) ৬ষ্ঠ তফসিল (ঘ) ৭ম তফসিল উত্তর: (ক) ৪র্থ তফসিল ১৮৫। কোন উপজাতিটির আবাসমূল বিরিশি নেত্রকােনায়- (ক) সাঁওতাল (খ) গারো (গ) খাসিয়া (ঘ) মুরং উত্তর: (খ) গারো ১৮৬। বাংলাদেশের বাণিজ্য ভারসাম্য কিভাবে রক্ষা হয়? (ক) IDA credit-এর মাধ্যমে (খ) IMF-এর bailout package-এর মাধ্যমে (গ) প্রবাসীদের পাঠানাে rermittunce-এর মাধ্যমে (ঘ) বিশ্ব ব্যাংকের budgetary support-এর মাধ্যমে উত্তর: (খ) IMF-এর bailout package-এর মাধ্যমে ১৮৭। অবিভক্ত বাংলার সর্বপ্রথম রাজা কাকে বলা হয়? (ক) অশােক (খ) শশাঙ্ক (গ) মেগদা (ঘ) পাল উত্তর: (খ) শশাঙ্ক ১৮৮। বঙ্গভঙ্গ রদ কে ঘােষণা করেন? (ক) লর্ড কার্জন (খ) রাজা পঞ্চম জর্জ (গ) লর্ড মাউন্টব্যাটেন (ঘ) লর্ড ওয়াডেল উত্তর: (খ) রাজা পঞ্চম জর্জ ১৮৯। ঢাকা শহরের গােড়াপত্তন হয়- (ক) ব্রিটিশ আমলে (খ) সুলতানি আমলে (গ) মুঘল আমলে (ঘ) স্বাধীন নবাবী আমলে উত্তর: (গ) মুঘল আমলে ১৯০। স্টিভ চেন ও চাড হারলির সাথে যৌথভাবে কোন বাংলাদেশী ইউটিউব (YouTube) প্রতিষ্ঠা করেন? (ক) জাবেদ করিম (খ) ফজলুল করিম (গ) জওয়ানুল করিম (ঘ) মঞ্জুরুল করিম উত্তর: (ক) জাবেদ করিম ১৯১। পাকিস্তান কবে বাংলাদেশকে একটি সার্বভৌম রাষ্ট্র হিসেবে স্বীকৃতি দেয়? (ক) ফেব্রুয়ারি ২০, ১৯৭৪ (খ) ফেব্রুয়ারি ২১, ১৯৭৪ (গ) ফেব্রুয়ারি ২২, ১৯৭৪ (ঘ) ফেয়ারি ২৩, ১৯৭৪ উত্তর: (গ) ফেব্রুয়ারি ২২, ১৯৭৪ ১৯২। কে বীরশ্রেষ্ঠ নন? (ক) হামিদুর রহমান (খ) মোস্তফা কামাল (গ) মুন্সী আব্দুর রহিম (ঘ) নূর মােহাম্মদ শেখ উত্তর: (গ) মুন্সী আব্দুর রহিম ৯৩। বাংলাদেশে প্রথম সাধারণ নির্বাচন কখন অনুষ্ঠিত হয়? (ক) ৭ মার্চ ১৯৭৩ (খ) ১৭ মার্চ ১৯৭৩ (গ) ২৭ মার্চ ১৯৭৩ (ঘ) ৭ মার্চ ১৯৭৪ উত্তর: (ক) ৭ মার্চ ১৯৭৩ ১৯৪। প্রান্তিক হ্রদ কোন জেলায় অবস্থিত? (ক) রাঙ্গামাটি (খ) খাগড়াছড়ি (গ) বান্দরবান (গ) সিলেট উত্তর: (গ) বান্দরবান ১৯৫। লাহোরে অনুষ্ঠিত OIC শীর্ষ সম্মেলনে বঙ্গবন্ধু কবে যােগদান করেন? (ক) ২০-২১ ফেব্রুেয়ারি ১৯৭৪ (খ) ২৩-২৪ ফেব্রুয়ারি ১৯৭৪ (গ) ২৫-২৬ ক্ৰেয়ারি ১৯৭৪ (ঘ) ২৭-২৮ ফেব্রুয়ারি ১৯৭৪ উত্তর: (খ) ২৩-২৪ ফেব্রুয়ারি ১৯৭৪ ১৯৬। বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় সংসদের প্রথম সংসদ নেতা কে? (ক) বঙ্গবন্ধু শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান (খ) মোহাম্মদ উল্লাহ (গ) তাজউদ্দিন আহমদ (ঘ) ক্যাপ্টেন এম মনসুর আলী উত্তর: (ক) বঙ্গবন্ধু শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান ১৯৭। সংবিধানের কোন অনুচ্ছেদের আলােকে বাংলাদেশের বৈদেশিক নীতি পরিচালিত হয়? (ক) অনুচ্ছেদ ২২ (খ) অনুচ্ছেদ ২৩ (গ) অনুচ্ছেদ ২৪ (ঘ) অনুচ্ছেদ ২৫ উত্তর: (ঘ) অনুচ্ছেদ ২৫ ১৯৮। বাংলাদেশের সর্বদক্ষিণে কােনটি অবস্থিত? (ক) দক্ষিণ তালপট্টি (খ) নিঝুম দ্বীপ (গ) সেন্টমার্টিন (ঘ) ভোলা উত্তর: (গ) সেন্টমার্টিন ১৯৯। বাংলাদেশের সীমান্তবর্তী ভারতের রাজ্য কয়টি? (ক) ৩টি (খ) ৪টি (গ) ৫টি (ঘ) ৬টি উত্তর: (গ) ৫টি ২০০। কোন বীরশ্রেষ্টের দেহাবশেষ বাংলাদেশে এনে বীরশ্রেষ্ঠ মতিউর রহমানের কবরের পাশে সমাহিত করা হয়? (ক) সিপাহী মোস্তফা কামাল (খ) ল্যান্স নায়েক মুন্সি আবদুর রউফ (গ) ল্যান্স নায়েক নূর মােহাম্মদ শেখ (ঘ) সিপাহী হামিদুর রহমান উত্তর: (ঘ) সিপাহী হামিদুর রহমান 40 BSC Preliminary examination question solution 2019 ​ ​ Bengali Language and Literature 35 ​ ১। বাক্যের ক্রিয়ায় সাথে অন্যান্য পদের যে সম্পর্ক তাকে কী বলে? (ক) বিভক্তি (খ) কারক (গ) প্রত্যয় (ঘ) অনুসর্গ উত্তর: (খ) কারক Exp: কৃ + নক = ক্রিয়াপদের সাথে সম্পর্ক ২। গীর্জা’ কোন ভাষার অন্তর্গত শব্দ? (ক) ফারসী (খ) পর্তুগীজ (গ) ওলন্দাজ (ঘ) পাঞ্জাবী উত্তর: (খ) পর্তুগীজ ৩। কোন শব্দযুগল বিপরীতা্র্থক নয়? (ক) ঐচ্ছিক-অনাবশ্যক (খ) কুটিল-সরল (গ) কম-বেশী (ঘ) কদাচার-সদাচার উত্তর: (ক) ঐচ্ছিক-অনাবশ্যক ৪। দ্বারা, দিয়া , কর্তৃক-বাংলা ব্যাকরণ অনুযায়ী কোন বিভক্তি? (ক) তৃতীয়া বিভক্তি (খ) প্রথমা বিভক্তি (গ) দ্বিতীয়া বিভক্তি (ঘ) শূন্য বিভক্তি উত্তর: (ক) তৃতীয়া বিভক্তি ৫। অভিরাম’ শব্দের অর্থ কী? (ক) বিরামহীন (খ) বালিশ (গ) চলন (ঘ) সুন্দর উত্তর: (ঘ) সুন্দর ৬। শরতের শিশির-বাগধারা শব্দটির অর্থ কী? (ক) সুসময়ের বন্ধু (খ) সুসময়ের সঞ্চয় (গ) শরতের শোভা (ঘ) শরতের শিউলি ফুল উত্তর: (ক) সুসময়ের বন্ধু ৭। শিব রাত্রির সলতে-বাগধারাটির অর্থ কী? (ক) শিবরাত্রির আলো (খ) একমাত্র সঞ্চয় (গ) একমাত্র সন্তান (ঘ) শিবরাত্রির গুরুত্ব উত্তর: (গ) একমাত্র সন্তান ৮। “প্রােষিতভর্তৃকা”-শব্দটির অর্থ কী? (ক) ভসনাপ্রাপ্ত তরুণী (খ) যে নারীর স্বামী বিদেশে অবস্থান করে (গ) ভূমিতে প্রােথিত তরুমূল (ঘ) যে বিবাহিতা নারী পিত্রালয়ে অবস্থান করে উত্তর: (খ) যে নারীর স্বামী বিদেশে অবস্থান করে ৯। বাংলা কৃৎ-প্রত্যয় সাধিত শব্দ কোনটি? (ক) কারক (খ) লিখিত (গ) বেদনা (ঘ) খেলনা উত্তর: (খ) লিখিত, (ঘ) খেলনা ∙লিখ +ক্ত = লিখিত, ∙খেল+অনা = খেলনা ১০। ‘Attested’-এর বাংলা পরিভাষা কোনটি? (ক) সত্যায়িত (খ) প্রত্যয়িত (গ) সত্যায়ন (ঘ) সংলগ্ন/সংলাপ উত্তর: (খ) প্রত্যয়িত Exp: Ref: উচ্চতর স্বনির্ভর বিশুদ্ধ ভাষা-শিক্ষা বাই ড. হায়াৎ মামুদ। চতুর্দশ সংস্করণ। পৃষ্ঠা- ২৭৭। ১১। কোনটি শুদ্ধ বানান? (ক) প্রজ্বল (খ) প্রোজ্জল (গ) প্রোজ্বল (ঘ) প্রোজ্জ্বল উত্তর: (ঘ) প্রোজ্জ্বল ১২। ‘জোছনা’ কোন শ্রেণীর শব্দ? (ক) যৌগিক (খ) তৎসম (গ) দেশী (ঘ) অর্ধ-তৎসম উত্তর: (ঘ) অর্ধ-তৎসম Exp: তবে ‘জোছনা’ অর্ধ-তৎসম হিসেবে বানান হবে- জোছ্‌না। (একটা হসন্ত যুক্ত হবে।) ১৩। “জিজীবিষা’ শব্দটি দিয়ে বােঝায় – (ক) জয়ের ইচ্ছা (খ) হত্যার ইচ্ছা (গ) বেঁচে থাকার ইচ্ছা (ঘ) শােনার ইচ্ছা উত্তর: (গ) বেঁচে থাকার ইচ্ছা ১৪। “সর্বাঙ্গীণ” শব্দের সঠিক প্রকৃতি-প্রত্যয় (ক) সর্বঙ্গ+ঈন (খ) সর্ব + অঙ্গীন (গ) সর্ব + ঙ্গীন (ঘ) সর্বাঙ্গ + ঈন উত্তর: (ঘ) সর্বাঙ্গ + ঈন ১৫। অন্যের রচনা থেকে চুরি করাকে বলা হয় – (ক) বেতসবৃত্তি (খ) পতঙ্গবৃত্তি (গ) জলৌকাবৃত্তি (ঘ) কুম্ভিলকবৃত্তি উত্তর: (ঘ) কুম্ভিলকবৃত্তি ১৬। উর্ণনাভ’—শব্দটি দিয়ে বুঝায় – (ক) টিকটিকি (খ) তেলেপােকা (গ) উইপােকা (ঘ) মাকড়সা উত্তর: (ঘ) মাকড়সা ১৭। চর্যাপদে কোন ধর্মমতের কথা আছে? (ক) খ্রীষ্টধর্ম (খ) প্যাগনিজম (গ) জৈনধর্ম (ঘ) বৌদ্ধধর্ম উত্তর: (ঘ) বৌদ্ধধর্ম ১৮। উল্লিখিতদের মধ্যে কে প্রাচীন যুগের কবি নন? (ক) কাহ্ণপাদ (খ) লুইপাদ (গ) শান্তিপাদ (ঘ) রমনীপাদ উত্তর: (ঘ) রমনীপাদ ১৯। উল্লিখিত কোন রচনাটি পুঁথি সাহিত্যের অন্তর্গত নয়? (ক) ময়মনসিংহ গীতিকা (খ) ইউসুফ-জুলেখা (গ) পদ্মাবতী (ঘ) লাইলী মজনু উত্তর: প্রশ্নে ঘাপলা আছে। ২০। জীবনীকাব্য রচনার জন্য বিখ্যাত (ক) ফকির গরীবুন্যাহ (খ) নরহরি চক্রবর্তী (গ) বিপ্রদাস পিপিলাই (ঘ) বৃন্দাবন দাস উত্তর: (ঘ) বৃন্দাবন দাস ২১। বৈষ্ণব পদাবলির সঙ্গে কোন ভাষা সম্পর্কিত? (ক) সন্ধ্যাভাষা (খ) অধিভাষা (গ) ব্রজবুলি (ঘ) সংস্কৃত ভাষা উত্তর: (গ) ব্রজবুলি ২২। বাংলা আধুনিক উপন্যাস-এর প্রবর্তক ছিলেন – (ক) রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর (খ) প্যারীচাঁদ মিত্র (গ) ঈশ্বরচন্দ্র বিদ্যাসাগর (ঘ) বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় উত্তর: (ঘ) বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় ২৩। “কিন্তু আরম্ভের পূর্বেও আরম্ভ আছে। সন্ধ্যা বেলায় দীপ জ্বালার আগে। সকাল বেলায় সলতে পাকানাে” – বাক্যদ্বয় কোন রচনা থেকে উদ্ধৃত? (ক) নৌকাডুবি (খ) চোখের বালি (গ) যােগাযােগ। (ঘ) শেষের কবিতা উত্তর: (গ) যােগাযােগ ২৪। মুক্তিযুদ্ধ ভিত্তিক উপন্যাস কোনটি? (ক) একটি কালাে মেয়ের কথা (খ) তেইশ নম্বর তৈলচিত্র (গ) আয়নামতির পালা (ঘ) ইছামতী উত্তর: (ক) একটি কালাে মেয়ের কথা Exp: একটি কালো মেয়ের কথা – তারাশঙ্কর বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় তেইশ নম্বর তৈলচিত্র – আলাউদ্দিন আল আজাদ ইছামতী – বিভূতিভূষণ বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় ২৫। কালাে বরফ’ উপন্যাসটির বিষয়: (ক) তেভাগা আন্দোলন (খ) ভাষা আন্দোলন (গ) মুক্তিযুদ্ধ (ঘ) দেশভাগ উত্তর: (ঘ) দেশভাগ কালো বরফ – মাহমুদুল হক ‘কালো বরফ’ উপন্যাসে দেশভাগের পটভূমি ব্যাপকভাবে উঠে এলেও লেখকের কাছে ছিচল্লিশের দাঙ্গা এবং সাতচল্লিশের দেশবিভাগ প্রাসঙ্গিক বলে কখনই মনে হয়নি। উপন্যাসে তাই আমরা দেখি শেকড় হারাবার বেদনায় তিনি বিমর্ষ, বারংবারই ঘুরে ফিরে দেখাতে চেয়েছেন তার ছিঁড়ে যাওয়ার রহস্য। রহস্য প্রাসাদের সদর কপাটও উন্মুক্ত করে দেন মাহমুদুল হক, দেশভাগের রক্তক্ষরণের ভাষিক শিল্পরুপ প্রকাশিত হয়। ২৬। ঢাকা প্রকাশ সাপ্তাহিক পত্রিকাটির সম্পাদক কে? (ক) কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র মজুমদার (খ) রামানন্দ চট্টোপাধ্যায় (গ) শামসুর রাহমান (ঘ) সিকান্দার আবু জাফর উত্তর: (ক) কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র মজুমদার ঢাকাপ্রকাশ বাংলাদেশের ঢাকা শহরের প্রথম বাংলা সংবাদপত্র যা বাংলা তারিখ ২৫ ফাল্গুন, ১২৬৭ (মার্চ ৭, ১৮৬১) প্রথম প্রকাশিত হয়। ২৭। ‘জীবনস্মৃতি’ কার রচনা? (ক) ঈশ্বরচন্দ্র বিদ্যাসাগর (খ) রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর (গ) বিভূতিভূষণ বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় (ঘ) রােকেয়া সাখাওয়াত হােসেন উত্তর: (খ) রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর ২৮। দীনবন্ধু মিলের ‘নীলদর্পণ’ নাটকটি ইংরেজিতে অনুবাদ করেন কে? (ক) প্যারীচাঁদ মিত্র (খ) মাইকেল মধুসূদন দত্ত (গ) প্রমথ চৌধুরী (ঘ) দ্বিজেন্দ্রলাল রায় উত্তর: (খ) মাইকেল মধুসূদন দত্ত ২৯। “সকালে উঠিয়া আমি মনে মনে বলি , সারাদিন আমি যেন ভালাে হয়ে চলি” চরণ দু’টির রচয়িতা কে? (ক) চণ্ডীচরণ মুনশী (খ) কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম (গ) রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর (ঘ) মদনমােহন তর্কালঙ্কার উত্তর: (ঘ) মদনমােহন তর্কালঙ্কার ৩০। জসীম উদ্দীনের রচনা কোনটি? (ক) যাদের দেখেছি (খ) পথে-প্রবাসে (গ) কাল নিরবধি (ঘ) ভবিষ্যতের বাঙালী উত্তর: (ক) যাদের দেখেছি Exp: পথে প্রবাসে – অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায় কাল নিরবধি – আনিসুজ্জামান ভবিষ্যতের বাঙালী- এস ওয়াজেদ আলী ৩১। ‘কিন্তু মনুষ্য কখনো পাষাণ হয় না’ – উক্তিটি কোন উপন্যাসের? (ক) রবীন্দ্রনাথের ‘চোখের বালি (খ) শরৎচন্দ্রের পথের দাবী’ (গ) শওকত ওসমানের ক্রীতদাসের হাসি (ঘ) বঙ্কিমচন্দ্রের ‘রাজসিংহ’ উত্তর: (খ) শরৎচন্দ্রের পথের দাবী’ ৩২। ইয়ংবেঙ্গল গােষ্ঠীভুক্ত ছিলেন কে? (ক) অক্ষয় কুমার দত্ত (খ) এন্টনি ফিরঙ্গি (গ) মাইকেল মধুসূদন দত্ত (ঘ) কলম্বিসাসিংহ ঠাকুর উত্তর: সঠিক উত্তর নেই। তবে মাইকেল মধুসূদন দত্তকে কিছুটা ধরা যায়। ৩৩।‘বিদ্রোহী’ কবিতাটি কোন সনে প্রথম প্রকাশিত হয়? (ক) ১৯২৩ সনে (খ) ১৯২১ সনে (গ) ১৯১৯ সনে (ঘ) ১৯১৮ সনে উত্তর: সঠিক উত্তর নেই। Exp: প্রথম প্রকাশিত হয় ১৯২২ সালের ৬ জানুয়ারি বিজলি পত্রিকায়। ৩৪। ‘আগুন পাখী ‘ – উপন্যাসটির রচয়িতা কে? (ক) রাহাত খান (খ) হাসান আজিজুল হক (গ) সেলিনা হােসেন (ঘ) ইমদাদুল হক মিলন উত্তর: (খ) হাসান আজিজুল হক ৩৫। একুশে ফেব্রুয়ারীর বিখ্যাত গানটির সুরকার কে? (ক) সুবীর সাহা (খ) সুধীন দাস (গ) আলতাফ মাহমুদ (ঘ) আলতাফ মামুন উত্তর: (গ) আলতাফ মাহমুদ ​ English Language and Literature 35 ​ ৩৬। Please write to me at the above address. The word ‘above in this sentence is a/an – (ক) noun (খ) adjective (গ) pronoun (ঘ) adverb উত্তর: (খ) adjective Exp: qualifying address (noun). ৩৭। In which sentence is the word ‘past’ used as a preposition? (ক) Writing letters is a thing of the past. (খ) I look back on the past without regret. (গ) I called out to him as he ran past. (ঘ) Tania was a wonderful singer, but she’s past her prime, উত্তর: (ঘ) Tania was a wonderful singer, but she’s past her prime, Exp: Past can be used as a preposition (followed by a noun): past + NP. ৩৮। The word ‘sibling’ means (ক) a brother (খ) a sister (গ) a brother or sister (ঘ) an infant উত্তর: (গ) a brother or sister ৩৯। Fill in the blank: As she was talking, he suddenly broke____, saying, ‘That’s a fie!” (ক) off (খ) in (গ) down (ঘ) into উত্তর: (খ) in Exp: break in = to interrupt someone’s conversation. ৪০। Fill in the blank: You may go for a walk if you feel _____ it. (ক) about (খ) on (গ) like (ঘ) for উত্তর: (গ) like Exp: Feel like = To have the urge or desire to do something. ৪১। Identify the word which is spelt incorrectly (ক) consciencious (খ) perseverance (গ) convalescence (ঘ) maintenance উত্তর: (ক) consciencious Exp: Consciencious > conscientious ৪২। ‘You look terrific in that dress!” The word ‘terrific’ in the above sentence means – (ক) excellent (খ) funny (গ) very ugly (ঘ) horrible উত্তর: (ক) excellent Exp: এখানে terrific তার আভিধানিক অর্থের পরিবর্তে Figurative Language হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। যা সম্পূর্ণ উল্টো অর্থ দিচ্ছে। ৪৩। Someone who is capricious is ______. (ক) easily irritated (খ) wise and willing to cooperate (গ) exceedingly conceited and arrogant (ঘ) known for sudden changes in attitude or behaviour উত্তর: (ঘ) known for sudden changes in attitude or behaviour ৪৪। Which one of the following Words is masculine? (ক) mare (খ) lad (গ) pillow (ঘ) pony উত্তর: (খ) lad ৪৫। A man whose wife has died is called a – (ক) widow (খ) widower (গ) spinster (ঘ) bachelor উত্তর: (খ) widower ৪৬। Which word is similar to appal? (ক) deceive (খ) confuse (গ) dismay (ঘ) solicit উত্তর: (গ) dismay ৪৭। Which word means the opposite of dearth? (ক) lack (খ) abundance (গ) poverty (ঘ) shortage উত্তর: (খ) abundance ৪৮। Identify the word which remains the same in its plural form? (ক) aircraft (খ) intention (গ) mouse (ঘ) thesis উত্তর: (ক) aircraft ৪৯। Identify the determiner in the following sentence ‘I have no news for you.’ (ক) have (খ) news (গ) no (ঘ) for উত্তর: (গ) no ৫০। ‘A lost opportunity never returns. Here lost’ is- (ক) gerund (খ) verbal noun (গ) gerundial infinitive (ঘ) participle উত্তর: (ঘ) participle ৫১। The saying ‘enough is enough’ is used when you want (ক) Something to continue (খ) something to stop (গ) something to continue until it’s enough (ঘ) to tell instructions are clear উত্তর: (খ) something to stop ৫২। ‘He ran with great speed.’ The underlined part of the sentence is a – (ক) noun phrase (খ) adverb phrase (গ) adjective phrase (ঘ) participle phrase উত্তর: (খ) adverb phrase Exp: qualifying ran(Verb). ৫৩। ‘We must not be late, else we will miss the train. This is a (ক) compound sentence (খ) complex sentence (গ) simple sentence (ঘ) interrogative sentence উত্তর: (ক) compound sentence Exp: Conjunctions that are used in compound sentences are and, but, or, for, nor, also, however, moreover, thus, so, therefore, else, still, as well as, accordingly, otherwise, yet, not yet, but also, either or, neither nor, on the contrary, etc. ৫৪। Change the voice ‘Who is calling me’? (ক) By whom am I called? (খ) By whom I am called? (গ) By whom am I being called? (ঘ) Whom am I called by? উত্তর: (গ) By whom am I being called? ৫৫। An extra message added at the end of a letter after it is signed is called – (ক) corrigendum (খ) postscript (গ) NB (ঘ) RSVP উত্তর: (খ) postscript ৫৬। ‘The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope is a/an (ক) epic (খ) ballad (গ) mock-heroic poem (ঘ) elegy উত্তর: (গ) mock-heroic poem ৫৭। Which of the following is not an American poet? (ক) Robert Frost (খ) W. B. Yeats (গ) Emily Dickinson (ঘ) Langston Hughes. উত্তর: (খ) W. B. Yeats Exp: William Butler Yeats (13 June 1865 – 28 January 1939) was an Irish poet and one of the foremost figures of 20th-century literature. ৫৮। William Shakespeare was born in – (ক) 1616 (খ) 1664 (গ) 1564 (ঘ) 1493 উত্তর: (গ) 1564 Exp: William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s greatest dramatist.He is often called England’s national poet and the “Bard of Avon”. ৫৯। Tennyson’s ‘In Memoriam’ is an elegy on the death of (ক) John Milton (খ) John Keats (গ) Arthur Henry Hallam (ঘ) Sydney Smith উত্তর: (গ) Arthur Henry Hallam ৬০। ‘Sweet Helen’ make me immortal with a kiss. The sentence has been taken from the play (ক) Romeo and Juliet (খ) Caesar and Cleopatra (গ) Doctor Faustus (ঘ) Antony and Cleopatra উত্তর: (গ) Doctor Faustus Exp: Doctor Faustus (Marlowe) ৬১। “What’s in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet – Who said this? (ক) Juliet (খ) Romeo (গ) Portia (ঘ) Rosalind উত্তর: (ক) Juliet Exp: William Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet, in which Juliet seems to argue that it does not matter that Romeo is from her family’s rival house of Montague, that is, that he is named “Montague”. Juliet compares Romeo to a rose saying that if he were not named Romeo he would still be handsome and be Juliet’s love. This states that if he were not Romeo, then he would not be a Montague and she would be able to get married with no problem at all. ৬২। ‘Man’s love is of man’s life a thing apart, `Tis woman’s whole existence.’- This is taken from the poem of’ (ক) P. B. Shelley (খ) Lord Byron (গ) John Keats (ঘ) Edinund Spense উত্তর: (খ) Lord Byron Exp: Extracts from Don Juan: Donna Julia’s Letter By Lord Byron (1788–1824)[From Canto I.] ৬৩। Boi Who translated the ‘Rubaiyát of Omar Khayyam into English? (ক) Thomas Carlyle (খ) Edward Fitzgerald (গ) D. G. Rossetti (ঘ) William Thackeray উত্তর: (খ) Edward Fitzgerald ৬৪। ‘Ulysses’ is a novel Written by – (ক) Joseph Conrad (খ) Thotias Hardy (গ) Charles Dickens (ঘ) James Joyce উত্তর: (ঘ) James Joyce ৬৫। The short story ‘The Diamond Necklace’ was written by – (ক) Guy de Maupassant (খ) O Henry (গ) Somerset Maugham (ঘ) George Orwell উত্তর: (ক) Guy de Maupassant ৬৬। All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.’ – Who said this? (ক) Macbeth (খ) Lady Macbeth (গ) Lady Madcuff (ঘ) Madcuff উত্তর: (খ) Lady Macbeth Exp: These dramatic words are uttered by Lady Macbeth in Act V, Scene 1, during a time when she is overwhelmed by guilt. ৬৭। ‘Where are the songs of Spring? Aye, where are they? Think not of them, thou hast thy music too.’ – Who wrote this? (ক) William Wordsworth (খ) Robert Browning (গ) John Keats (ঘ) Samuel Coleridge উত্তর: (গ) John Keats Exp: In poem- To Autumn. ৬৮। Who is the central character of ‘Wuthering Heights’, (ক) Mr. Earnishaw (খ) Catheritae (গ) Heathcliff (ঘ) Hindley Earshaw উত্তর: (গ) Heathcliff Exp: Wuthering Heights, Emily Brontë’s only novel, was published in 1847 under the pseudonym “Ellis Bell”. ৬৯। The old order changeth, yielding place to new.’- This line is extracted from Tennyson’s poem – (ক) The Lotos-Eaters (খ) Tithonus (গ) Locksley Hall. (ঘ) Morte d’ Arthur উত্তর: (ঘ) Morte d’ Arthur ৭০। Who wrote the poem ‘The Good-Morrow? (ক) George Herbert (খ) Andrew Marvell (গ) John Donne (ঘ) Henry Vaughan উত্তর: (গ) John Donne ​ Bangladesh Affairs 30 ​ ৭১। আলাউদ্দিন হোসেন শাহ কখন বৃহত্তর বাংলা শাসন করেন? (ক) ১৪৯৮-১৫১৬ খৃষ্টাব্দ (খ) ১৪৯৮-১৫১৭ খৃষ্টাব্দ (গ) ১৪৯৮-১৫১৮ খৃষ্টাব্দ (ঘ) ১৪৯৮-১৫১৯ খৃষ্টাব্দ উত্তর: সঠিক উত্তর নাই। Exp: তবে (ঘ) ১৪৯৮-১৫১৯ খৃষ্টাব্দ কাছাকাছি উত্তর ধরা যায়। কারণ আলাউদ্দিন হোসেন শাহ (শাসনকাল ১৪৯৪-১৫১৯)।তিনি ২৫ বছর শাসন করেন। ৭২। প্রাচীন বাংলা মৌর্য শাসনের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে? (ক) অশোক মৌর্য (খ) চন্দ্রগুপ্ত মৌর্য (গ) সমুদ্র গুপ্ত (ঘ) এর কোনটিই না উত্তর: (খ) চন্দ্রগুপ্ত মৌর্য ৭৩। ইউরােপীয় বণিকদের মধ্যে বাংলায় প্রথম এসেছিলেন – (ক) পর্তুগীজরা (খ) ইংরেজরা (গ) ওলন্দাজরা (ঘ) ফরাসিরা উত্তর: (ক) পর্তুগীজরা ৭৪। ১৯৭১ সালে মুক্তিযুদ্ধের সময় জাতিসংঘে কোন দেশ বাংলাদেশের পক্ষে ‘ভেটো’ প্রদান করেছিল? (ক) যুক্তরাজ্য (খ) ফ্রান্স (গ) যুক্তরাষ্ট্র (ঘ) সােভিয়েত ইভনিয়ন উত্তর: (ঘ) সােভিয়েত ইভনিয়ন Exp: প্রশ্নটায় একটা প্যাচ দেয়া আছে। প্রশ্নটার সাদামাটা অর্থ হচ্ছে- কোন দেশ বাংলাদেশের পক্ষ হয়ে লড়েছিল। ৭৫। বঙ্গবন্ধুর ঐতিহাসিক ৭ই মার্চের ভাষণ সংবিধানের কোন তফসিলে অন্তর্ভুক্ত করা হয়েছে? (ক) চতুর্থ তফসিল (খ) পঞ্চম তফসিল (গ) ষষ্ঠ তফসিল (ঘ) সপ্তম তফসিল উত্তর: (খ) পঞ্চম তফসিল ৭৬। বঙ্গভঙ্গকালে ভারতের ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন? (ক) লর্ড কার্জন (খ) লর্ড ওয়াভেল (গ) লর্ড মাউন্ট ব্যাটেন (ঘ) লর্ড লিনলিথগো উত্তর: (ক) লর্ড কার্জন ৭৭। বাংলাদেশের কোন বনভূমি শালবৃক্ষের জন্য বিখ্যাত? (ক) সিলেটের বনভুমি (খ) পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রামের বনভূমি (গ) ভাওয়াল ও মধুপুরের বনভূমি (খ) খুলনা, বরিশাল ও পটুয়াখালীর বনভূমি উত্তর: (গ) ভাওয়াল ও মধুপুরের বনভূমি ৭৮। বাংলাদেশে সবচেয়ে বেশী পাট উৎপন্ন হয় কোন জেলায়? (ক) ফরিদপুর (খ) রংপুর (গ) জামালপুর (ঘ) শেরপুর উত্তর: (ক) ফরিদপুর ৭৯। বাংলাদেশে মােট আবাদযােগ্য জমির পরিমাণ – (ক) ২ কোটি ৪০ লক্ষ একর (খ) ২ কোটি ৫০ লক্ষ একর (গ) ২ কোটি ২৫ লক্ষ একর (ঘ) ২ কোটি ২১ লক্ষ একর উত্তর: (ক) ২ কোটি ৪০ লক্ষ একর ৮০। ‘গারাে উপজাতি কোন জেলায় বাস করে? (ক) পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম (খ) সিলেট (গ) ময়মনসিংহ (ঘ) টাঙ্গাইল উত্তর: (গ) ময়মনসিংহ ৮১। ২০১৮ সালে বাংলাদেশের Per capita GDP (nominal) কত? (ক) $১,৭৫০ মার্কিন ডলার (খ) $১,৭৫১ মার্কিন ডলার (গ) $১,৭৫২ মার্কিন ডলার (ঘ) $১,৭৫৩ মার্কিন ডলার উত্তর: (খ) $১,৭৫১ মার্কিন ডলার Exp: Bangladesh’s per capita income jumped more than 9 percent to 1,909lastfiscalyearfrom1,751 a year ago, showed provisional official figures released yesterday.(The Daily Star: March 20, 2019 / LAST MODIFIED: 12:21 AM, March 20, 2019 ) ৮২। বাংলাদেশে প্রথম আদমশুমারি অনুষ্ঠিত হয় – (ক) ১৯৭২ সালে (খ) ১৯৭৩ সালে (গ) ১৯৭৪ সালে (ঘ) ১৯৭৫ সালে উত্তর: (গ) ১৯৭৪ সালে ৮৩। Inclusive Development Index (IDI)-এর ভিত্তিতে দক্ষিণ এশিয়ায় বাংলাদেশের স্থান কত? (ক) প্রথম স্থান (খ) দ্বিতীয় স্থান (গ) তৃতীয় স্থান (ঘ) চতুর্থ স্থান উত্তর: (খ) দ্বিতীয় স্থান ৮৪। ২০১৮ সালে বাংলাদেশের মোট রপ্তানি আয় কত? (ক) $ ৪০ বিলিয়ন মার্কিন ডলার (খ) $ ৪১ বিলিয়ন মার্কিন ডলার (গ) ৪২ বিলিয়ন মার্কিন ডলার (ঘ) ১ ৪৩ বিলিয়ন মার্কিন ডলার উত্তর: (খ) $ ৪১ বিলিয়ন মার্কিন ডলার ৮৫। Alliance যে দেশ ভিত্তিক গার্মেন্টস ব্রান্ডগুলাের সংগঠন (ক) যুক্তরাজ্যের (খ) যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের (গ) কানাডার (ঘ) ইউরোপিয়ান ইউনিয়নের উত্তর: (খ) যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ৮৬। ২০১৮ সালে বাংলাদেশের GDP-তে শিল্প খাতের অবদান কত শতাংশ ছিল? (ক) ২৯.৬৬% (খ) ৩০.৬৬% (গ) ৩২.৬৬% (ঘ) ৩৩.৬৬% উত্তর: (ঘ) ৩৩.৬৬% Exp: ৩৩.৭১% অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা-২০১৮ অনুসারে। ৩৩.৬৬% কাছাকাছি। ৮৭। ২০১৮-১৯ অর্থ বছরে রপ্তানি প্রণােদনা রাখা হয়েছে – (ক) সাড়ে ৪ হাজার কোটি টাকা (খ) সাড়ে ৫ হাজার কোটি টাকা (গ) সাড়ে ৩ হাজার কোটি টাকা (ঘ) সাড়ে ৬ হাজার কোটি টাকা উত্তর: (ক) সাড়ে ৪ হাজার কোটি টাকা ৮৮। বাংলাদেশে প্রথম ভ্যাট (VAT) চালু হয় – (ক) ১৯৯১ সালে (খ) ১৯৭৩ সালে (গ) ১৯৮৬ সালে (ঘ) ১৯৯৬ সালে উত্তর: (ক) ১৯৯১ সালে ৮৯। সংবিধানের কোন সংশােধনীকে ‘first distortion of constitution’ বলে আখ্যায়িত করা হয়? (ক) ৫ম সংশােধন (খ) ৪র্থ সংশােধন (গ) ৩য় সংশােধন (ঘ) ২য় সংশােধন উত্তর: (ক) ৫ম সংশােধন ৯০। স্বাধীনতার ঘােষণাপত্র সংবিধানের কততম তফসিলে সংযােজন করা হয়েছে? (ক) চতুর্থ (খ) পঞ্চম (গ) ষষ্ঠ (ঘ) সপ্তম উত্তর: (ঘ) সপ্তম ৯১। গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশের সংবিধান প্রবর্তিত হয় – (ক) ১৭ এপ্রিল, ১৯৭১ (খ) ১৬ ডিসেম্বর ১৯৭২ (গ) ৭ মার্চ, ১৯৭২ (ঘ) ২৬ মার্চ ১৯৭৩ উত্তর: (খ) ১৬ ডিসেম্বর ১৯৭২ ৯২। সংবিধানের কোন অনুচ্ছেদে ‘সরকারি কর্ম কমিশন’ (PSC) গঠনের উল্লেখ আছে? (ক) ১৩৭ নং অনুচ্ছেদে (খ) ১৩৫ নং অনুচ্ছেদে (গ) ১৩৮ নং অনুচ্ছেদে (ঘ) ১৩৪ নং অনুচ্ছেদে উত্তর: (ক) ১৩৭ নং অনুচ্ছেদে ৯৩। আওয়ামী লীগের ৬-দফা পেশ করা হয়েছিল- (ক) ১৯৬৬ সালে (খ) ১৯৬৭ সালে (গ) ১৯৬৮ সালে (ঘ) ১৯৬৯ সালে উত্তর: (ক) ১৯৬৬ সালে ৯৪। বঙ্গবন্ধুসহ আগরতলা ষড়যন্ত্র মামলায় মােট আসামী সংখ্যা ছিল কত জন? (ক) ৩৪ জন (খ) ৩৫ জন (গ) ৩৬ জন (ঘ) ৩২ জন উত্তর: (খ) ৩৫ জন ৯৫। আইন ও সালিশ কেন্দ্র কি ধরণের সংস্থা? (ক) অর্থনৈতিক (খ) মানবাধিকার (গ) ধর্মীয় (ঘ) খেলাধুলা উত্তর: (খ) মানবাধিকার ৯৬।Almond ও Powel চাপ সৃষ্টিকারী গােষ্ঠীকে বিভক্ত করেছেন – (ক) ৩ ভাগে (খ) ৪ ভাগে (গ) ৫ ভাগে (ঘ) ৬ ভাগে উত্তর: (খ) ৪ ভাগে ৯৭। বাংলাদেশ জাতিসংঘের – (ক) ১৪৬তম সদস্য (খ) ১৩৬তম সদস্য (গ) ১২৬তম সদস্য (ঘ) ১১৬ তম সদস্য উত্তর: (খ) ১৩৬তম সদস্য ৯৮। বাংলাদেশে প্রথম জাতীয় সংসদের নির্বাচন হয় – (ক) ৭ ফেব্রুয়ারি, ১৯৭৩ (খ) ৭ জানুয়ারি, ১৯৭৩ (গ) ৭ মার্চ, ১৯৭৩ (ঘ) ৭ এপ্রিল, ১৯৭৩ উত্তর: (গ) ৭ মার্চ, ১৯৭৩ ৯৯। তৃণমূল পর্যায়ে স্বাস্থ্য সেবা নিশ্চিত করতে কমিউনিটি ক্লিনিক চালু করা হয়- (ক) ১৩ হাজার ১২৫টি (খ) ১৩ হাজার ১৩০টি (গ) ১৩ হাজার ১৩৬টি (ঘ) ১৩ হাজার ১৪৬টি উত্তর: (গ) ১৩ হাজার ১৩৬টি ১০০। ‘Let there be Light’—বিখ্যাত ছবিটি পরিচালনা করেন – (ক) আমজাদ হোসেন (খ) জহির রায়হান (গ) খান আতাউর রহমান (ঘ) শেখ নিয়ামত আলী উত্তর: (খ) জহির রায়হান ​ International Affairs 20 ​ ১০১। যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp কোথায় অবস্থিত? (ক) ফ্লোরিডা (খ) হাইতি (গ) কিউবা (ঘ) জ্যামাইকা উত্তর: (গ) কিউবা ১০২। টেকসই উন্নয়ন সংক্রান্ত ২০৩০ এজেন্ডা (The Sustainable Development)-তে কয়টি লক্ষ্য (goal) রয়েছে? (ক) ১৫ (খ) ১৭ (গ) ২১ (ঘ) ২৭ উত্তর: (খ) ১৭ ১০৩। জাতিসংঘ কোন সালে মানবাধিকার সংক্রান্ত বৈশ্বিক ঘােষণার ঐতিহাসিক নথিটি গ্রহণ করে? (ক) ১৯৪৮ (খ) ১৯৫৬ (গ) ১৯৪৫ (ঘ) ২০০০ উত্তর: (ক) ১৯৪৮ ১০৪। মিনস্ক নিচের কোন দেশের রাজধানী? (ক) তাজাকিস্তান (খ) আজারবাইজান (গ) পর্তুগাল (ঘ) বেলারুশ উত্তর: (ঘ) বেলারুশ ১০৫। সর্বশেষ মিউনিখ নিরাপত্তা সম্মেলন কোন সালের কোন মাসে অনুষ্ঠিত হয়েছে? (ক) সেপ্টেম্বর, ২০১৮ (খ) মার্চ, ২০১৪ (গ) ফেব্রুয়ারি, ২০১৯ (ঘ) ডিসেম্বর, ২০১৮ উত্তর: (গ) ফেব্রুয়ারি, ২০১৯ ১০৬। V20 গ্রুপ কিসের সাথে সম্পর্কিত? (ক) কৃষি উন্নয়ন (খ) দরিদ্র বিমােচন (গ) জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন (ঘ) বিনিয়ােগ সম্পর্কিত উত্তর: (গ) জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন ১০৭। জাতিসংঘ সমুদ্র আইন কত সালে স্বাক্ষরিত হয়েছিল? (ক) ১৯৭৯ সালে (খ) ১৯৮২ সালে (গ) ১৯৮৩ সালে (ঘ) ১৯৯৮ সালে উত্তর: (খ) ১৯৮২ সালে ১০৮ । বিশ্বের সর্বশেষ জলবাযূ সম্মেলন (ডিসেম্বর ২০১৮) কোথায় অনুষ্ঠিত হয়? (ক) কাটোউইস, পোল্যান্ড (খ) প্যারিস, ফ্রান্স (গ) রোম, ইতালি (ঘ) বেইজিং, চীন উত্তর: (ক) কাটোউইস, পোল্যান্ড ১০৯। Sunshine Policy-এর সাথে কোন দুটি দেশ জড়িত? (ক) চীন, রাশিয়া (খ) উত্তর কোরিয়া, দক্ষিণ কোরিয়া (গ) জাপান, থাইল্যান্ড (ঘ) তাইওয়ান, হংকং উত্তর: (খ) উত্তর কোরিয়া, দক্ষিণ কোরিয়া ১১০। BRICS কর্তৃক প্রতিষ্ঠিত ব্যাংকের নাম হচ্ছে – (ক) New Development Bank (NDB) (খ) BFRICS Development Bank (BDB) (গ) Economic Development Bank (EDB) (ঘ) International Commercial Bank (ICB) উত্তর: (ক) New Development Bank (NDB) ১১১। চীন নিচের কোন আফ্রিকান দেশটিতে সামরিক ঘাঁটি স্থাপনের মাধ্যমে কৌশলগত সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করেছে? (ক) ইথিওপিয়া (খ) জাম্বিয়া (গ) লাইবেরিয়া (ঘ) জীবুতি উত্তর: (ঘ) জীবুতি ১১২। পাকিস্তান নিয়ন্ত্রিত কাশ্মিরের কোন অংশে ভারত সম্প্রতি (ফেব্রুয়ারি, ২০১৯) সামরিক বিমান হামলা পরিচালনা করে? (ক) এবােটাবাদ (খ) বালাকোট (গ) কোয়েটা (ঘ) গিলগিট উত্তর: (খ) বালাকোট ১১৩। নিচের কোন দেশে ২০২২ সালের G-২০ বাত্সরিক সম্মেলন অনুষ্ঠিত হবে- (ক) ইতালী (খ) যুক্তরাষ্ট্র (গ) ভারত (ঘ) ব্রাজিল উত্তর: (গ) ভারত ১১৪। ‘দ্যা আইডিয়া অব জাস্টিস’-গ্রন্থের রচয়িতা কে? (ক) মাখা সবাম (খ) জোসেফ স্টিগলিটজ (গ) অমর্ত্য সেন (ঘ) জন রাউলস উত্তর: (গ) অমর্ত্য সেন ১১৫। শ্রীলংকার কোন সমুদ্রবন্দর চীনের নিকট ৯১ বছরের জন্য লীজ দেয়া হয়েছে- (ক) ত্রিঙ্কোমালী (খ) হাম্বানটোটা (গ) গল বন্দর (ঘ) পাের্ট অব কলম্বাে উত্তর: (খ) হাম্বানটোটা ১১৬। নীচের কোন সংস্থাটির সচিবালয় বাংলাদেশে অবস্থিত? (ক) BIMSTEC (খ) CICA (গ) IORA (ঘ) SAARC উত্তর: (ক) BIMSTEC ১১৭। নিচের কোন সংস্থাটির স্থায়ী সদর দপ্তর নেই? (ক) NATO (খ) NAM (গ) EU (ঘ) ASEAN উত্তর: (খ) NAM ১১৮। জাতিসংঘ বিষয়ক আলােচনায় পি৫ (P5) কলতে কি বুঝায়? (ক) নিরাপত্তা পরিষদের পাঁচটি স্থায়ী সদস্য রাষ্ট্র (খ) পাঁচটি পরমাণু শক্তিধর রাষ্ট্র (গ) পাঁচটি জাতিসংঘ সংস্থা (ঘ) উপরে কোনটিই নয় উত্তর: (ক) নিরাপত্তা পরিষদের পাঁচটি স্থায়ী সদস্য রাষ্ট্র ১১৯। কোন দেশটি ইউরােপের বাল্টিক অঞ্চলে অবস্থিত নয়? (ক) ফিনল্যান্ড (খ) পোল্যান্ড (গ) অস্ট্রিয়া (ঘ) সুইডেন উত্তর: (গ) অস্ট্রিয়া ১২০। OIC-এর কততম শীর্ষ সম্মেলনে বঙ্গবন্ধু শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান অংশগ্রহণ করেন? (ক) ২য় শীর্ষ সম্মেলন (খ) ৫ম শীর্ষ সম্মেলন (গ) ৪র্থ শীর্ষ সম্মেলন (ঘ) ৭ম শীর্ষ সম্মেলন উত্তর: (ক) ২য় শীর্ষ সম্মেলন ​ Geography, Environment and Disaster Management 10 ​ ১২১। নিম্নের কোনটি পাললিক শিলা? (ক) মার্বেল (খ) কয়লা (গ) গ্রানাইট (ঘ) নিস উত্তর: (খ) কয়লা ১২২। নিম্নের কোনটি বৃহৎ স্কেল মানচিত্র? (ক) ১ : ১০,০০০ (খ) ১: ১০০,০০০ (গ) ১: ১০০০,০০০ (ঘ) ১: ২৫০০,০০০ উত্তর: (ক) ১ : ১০,০০০ ১২৩। সমবৃষ্টিপাত সম্পন্ন স্থানসমূহকে যােগকারী রেখাকে বলা হয় – (ক) আইসােথার্ম (খ) আইসোবার (গ) আইসােহাইট (ঘ) আইসােহেলাইন উত্তর: আইসােহাইট ১২৪। বাংলাদেশের লাউয়াছড়া জাতীয় উদ্যান কি ধরণের বনভূমি? (ক) ক্রান্তিয় চিরহরিৎ, আধা-চিরহৰিৎ জাতীয় (খ) ক্রান্তীয় আর্দ্র পত্র পতনশীল জাতীয় (গ) পত্র পতনশীল জাতীয় (ঘ) ম্যানগ্রোভ জাতীয় উত্তর: (ক) ক্রান্তিয় চিরহরিৎ, আধা-চিরহৰিৎ জাতীয় ১২৫। বাংলাদেশে সংঘটিত বন্যার রেকর্ড অনুযায়ী (১৯৭১-২০০৭) কোন সালের বন্যায় সবচেয়ে বেশী এলাকা প্লাবিত হয়? (ক) ১৯৭৪ (খ) ১৯৮৮ (গ) ১৯৯৮ (ঘ) ২০০৭ উত্তর: (গ) ১৯৯৮ Exp: 1988 -61%, 1998- 68% ১২৬। সার্ক দুর্যোগ ব্যবস্থাপনা কেন্দ্র কোথায় অবস্থিত? (ক) নয়া দিল্লি (খ) কলম্বো (গ) ঢাকা (ঘ) কাঠমুন্ডু উত্তর: (ক) নয়া দিল্লি ১২৭। নীচের কোনটি জলজ উদ্ভিদ নয়? (ক) হিজল (খ) করচ (গ) ডুমুর (ঘ) গজারী উত্তর: (ঘ) গজারী ১২৮। নীচের কোনটি মানবসৃষ্ট আপদ (hazard) নয়? (ক) বায়ু দূষণ (খ) দুর্ভিক্ষ গ) মহামারী (ঘ) কালবৈশাখী (Norwester) উত্তর: (ঘ) কালবৈশাখী (Norwester) ১২৯। বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সেক্টরগুলাের মধ্যে কোন খাতে বেশী কর্মসংস্থান হয়? (ক) নির্মাণ খাত (খ) কৃষি খাত (গ) সেবা খাত (ঘ) শিল্প কারখান্য খাত উত্তর: (খ) কৃষি খাত ১৩০। বাংলাদেশের উপকূলীয় সমভূমিতে বসবাসকারী জনগােষ্ঠী যে ধরণের বন্যা কবলীত হয় তার নাম – (ক) নদী বন্যা (খ) আকস্মিক বন্যা (গ) বৃষ্টিজনিত বন্যা (ঘ) জলােচ্ছাসজনিত বন্যা উত্তর: (ঘ) জলােচ্ছাসজনিত বন্যা ​ ​ General Science 15 ​ ১৩১। 3517CL মৌলের নিউট্রন সংখ্যা কত? (ক) 17 (খ) 18 (গ) 35 (ঘ) 70 উত্তর: (খ) 18 ১৩২।কোন কঠিন পদার্থ বিশুদ্ধ নাকি অবিশুদ্ধ তা কিসের মাধ্যমে নির্ণয় করা যায়? (ক) ঘনীভবন (খ) বাষ্পীভবন (গ) গলনাংক (ঘ) স্ফুটনাংক উত্তর: (গ) গলনাংক ১৩৩। অ্যানােডে কোন্ বিক্রিয়া সম্পন্ন হয়? (ক) জারণ (খ) বিজারণ (গ) প্রশমন (ঘ) পানি যােজন উত্তর: (ক) জারণ ৩৪। একটি বাল্বে “60w-220v” লেখা আছে। বাল্বটির রোধ কত ওহম (Ohm)? (ক) 16.36 (খ) 160 (গ) 280 (ঘ) 806.67 উত্তর: (ঘ) 806.67 Exp: R = V2/P = (220)2/60 = 806.67 ১৩৫। নবায়নযােগ্য জ্বালানীর উত্স – (ক) তেল (খ) গ্যাস (গ) কয়লা (ঘ) বায়োগ্যাস উত্তর: (ঘ) বায়োগ্যাস ১৩৬। কার্বোহাইড্রেডে C, H এবং 0-এর অনুপাত কত? (ক) ১ : ১: ২ (খ) ১: ২: ১ (গ) ১ : ৩ : ২ (ঘ) ১: ৩: ১ উত্তর: (খ) ১: ২: ১ ১৩৭। AC কে DC করার যন্ত্র – (ক) রেকটিফায়ার (খ) অ্যামপ্লিফায়ার (গ) ট্রানজিস্টর (ঘ) ডায়োড উত্তর: (ক) রেকটিফায়ার ১৩৮। বিদ্যুৎ শক্তিকে শব্দ শক্তিতে রূপান্তরিত করা হয় কোন্ যন্ত্রের মাধ্যমে – (ক) লাউড স্পিকার (খ) অ্যামপ্লিফায়ার (গ) জেনারেটর (ঘ) মাল্টিমিটার উত্তর: (ক) লাউড স্পিকার ১৩৯। বাতাসের আর্দ্রতা মাপার যন্ত্রের নাম কি? (ক) মাইকোমিটার (খ) হাইগ্রোমিটার (গ) ব্যারােমিটার (ঘ) গ্রাভিমিটার উত্তর: (খ) হাইগ্রোমিটার ১৪০। কোথায় সাঁতার কাটা সহজ? (ক) পুকুরে (খ) খালে (গ) নদীতে (ঘ) সাগরে উত্তর: (ঘ) সাগরে ১৪১। ডিমে কোন্ ভিটামিন নেই? (ক) ভিটামিন-এ (খ) ভিটামিন-বি (গ) ভিটামিন-সি (ঘ) ভিটামিন-ডি উত্তর: (গ) ভিটামিন-সি ১৪২। কোনটির জন্য পুষ্প রঙ্গিন ও সুন্দর হয়? (ক) ক্রোমোপ্লাস্ট (খ) ক্লোরােপ্লাস্ট (গ) ক্রোমোটোপ্লাস্ট (ঘ) লিউকোপুষ্ট উত্তর: (ক) ক্রোমোপ্লাস্ট ১৪৩। সােডিয়াম এসিটেটের সংকেত – (ক) CH2C00Na (খ) (CH3C00)2ca (গ) CH3COONa (ঘ) CHCOONa উত্তর: (গ) CH3COONa ১৪৪। ক্যান্সার চিকিৎসায় ব্যবহৃত গামা বিকিরণের উৎস কি? (ক) আইসােটোন (খ) আইসােটোপ (গ) আইসােবার (ঘ) আইসােমার উত্তর: (খ) আইসােটোপ ১৪৫। খাদ্য তৈরীর জন্য উদ্ভিদ বায়ু থেকে গ্রহণ করে – (ক) অক্সিজেন (খ) কার্বন ডাই-অক্সাইড (গ) নাইট্রোজেন (ঘ) জলীয় বাষ্প উত্তর: (খ) কার্বন ডাই-অক্সাইড Computer and Information Technology 15 ​ ১৪৬। মুদ্রিত লেখা সরাসরি ইনপুট নেয়ার জন্য নীচের কোনটি ব্যবহৃত হয়? (ক) OMR (খ) OCR (গ) MICR (ঘ) Scanner উত্তর: (ঘ) Scanner ১৪৭। নীচের কোন প্রোগ্রামটি একটি সম্পূর্ণ কম্পিউটার প্রােগামকে একবারে অনুবাদ ও সম্পাদন করে? (ক) Interpreter (খ) Emulator (গ) Compiler (ঘ) Simulator উত্তর: (গ) Compiler ১৪৮। নীচের কোনটি একই সাথে ইনপুট ও আউটপুট হিসেবে কাজ কবে? (ক) Mouse (খ) Microphone (গ) ‘Touch Screen (ঘ) Printer উত্তর: (গ) ‘Touch Screen ১৪৯। নীচের কোনটি Octal number না? (ক) 19 (খ) 77 (গ) 15 (ঘ) 101 উত্তর: (ক) 19 ১৫০। একটি রিলেশনাল ডাটাবেস মডেলে নীচের কোনটি দ্বারা Relation প্রকাশ করা হয়? (ক) Tuples (খ) Attributes (ঘ) Rows (গ) Tables উত্তর: (গ) Tables ১৫১। Bluetooth কিসের উদাহরণ? (ক) Personal Area Network (খ) Local Area Network (গ) Virtual Private Network (ঘ) কোনটি নয় উত্তর: (ক) Personal Area Network ১৫২। মােবাইল ফোনে কোন Mode-এ যােগাযােগ হয়? (ক) Simplex (খ) Half-Duplex (গ) Full-duplex (ঘ) কোনটি নয়। উত্তর: (গ) Full-duplex ১৫৩। Time-shared OS-এর জন্য কোন scheduling policy সবচেয়ে ভাল? (ক) First come first serve (খ) Round-robin (গ) Shortest job first (ঘ) Last come first serve উত্তর: (খ) Round-robin ১৫৪। নীচের কোনটি ৫২(১৬) এর বাইনারী রূপ? (ক) 01010010(2) (খ) 01110011(2) (গ) 00001100(2) (ঘ) 11110000(2) উত্তর: (ক) 01010010(2) ১৫৫। প্রথম Web browser কোন্‌টি? (ক) Netscape Navigator (খ) World Wide Web (গ) Internet Explorer (ঘ) Safari উত্তর: (খ) World Wide Web Exp: The first web browser was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which oversees the Web’s continued development, and is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation. His browser was called WorldWideWeb and later renamed Nexus. ১৫৬। Social Networking Site-এ যােগাযােগে কোন্ media ব্যবহৃত হয়? (ক) Image/video (খ) Audio (গ) Text (ঘ) উপরের সবগুলাে উত্তর: (ঘ) উপরের সবগুলাে ১৫৭। Firewall কি protection দেয়ার জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়? (ক) Fire attacks (খ) Unauthorized access (গ) Virus attacks (ঘ) Data-driven attacks উত্তর: (খ) Unauthorized access ১৫৮।TV remote এর Carrier frequency-র range কত? (ক) < 100 MHZ (খ) <1 GHz (গ) <2 GHz (ঘ) Infrared range উত্তর: (ঘ) Infrared range ১৫৯। CPU কোন address generate করে? (ক) physical addresses (খ) logical addresses (গ) Both physical and logical addresses (ঘ) উপরের কোনটি নয় উত্তর: (খ) logical addresses ১৬০। H. 323 Protocol সাধারণত কি কাজে ব্যবহৃত হয়? (ক) File transfer (খ) VoIP (গ) Data Security (ঘ) File download উত্তর: (খ) VoIP ​ ​ Mathematical Reasoning 15 ​ (ম্যাথ এবং মেন্টাল অ্যাবিলিটির ব্যাখ্যা কাল দেয়া হবে।) ১৬১। নীচের কোনটি অমূলদ সংখ্যা? (ক) 0.4’ (খ) ∙9 (গ) 5.6’39’ (ঘ) ∙(27/48) উত্তর: উত্তর নাই। ১৬২। নীচের কোন পূর্ণ সংখ্যাটিকে ৩, ৪, ৫ এবং ৬ দ্বারা ভাগ করলে যথাক্রমে ১, ২, ৩ ও ৪ অবশিষ্ট থাকে? (ক) ৪৮ (খ) ৫৪ (গ) ৫৮ (ঘ) ৬০ উত্তর: (গ) ৫৮ ১৬৩। পনির ও তপনের আয়ের অনুপাত 4:3। তপন ও রবিনের আয়ের অনুপাত 5 ! 4। পনিরের আয় 120 টাকা হলে, রবিনের আয় কত? (ক) 36 টাকা (খ) 12 টাকা (গ) 72 টাকা (ঘ) 84 টাকা উত্তর: (গ) 72 টাকা ১৬৪। ৪৫০ টাকা বার্ষিক ৬% সুদে কত বছরে সুদে-আসলে ৫৫৮ টাকা হবে? (ক) ৩ বছরে (খ) ৪ বছরে (গ) ৫ বছরে (ঘ) ৬ বছরে উত্তর: (খ) ৪ বছরে ১৬৫। একটি মটর সাইকেল ১২% ক্ষতিতে বিক্রি করা হলাে। যদি বিক্রয় মূল্য ১২০০ টাকা বেশি হতাে, তাহলে ৮% লাভ হতাে। মটর সাইকেলের ক্রয় মূল্য – (ক) ৬০০০ টাকা (খ) ৫০০০ টাকা (গ) ৪০০০ টাকা (ঘ) ৮০০০ টাকা উত্তর: (ক) ৬০০০ টাকা ১৬৬। {(০.৯)৩+(০.৪)৩}/(০.৯+০.৮) এর মান কত? (ক) ০.৩৬ (খ) ০.৫১ (গ) ০.৮১ (ঘ) ০.৬১ উত্তর: (ঘ) ০.৬১ ১৬৭। 3x – 2> 2x -1 এর সমাধান সেট কোনটি? (ক) [1, ∞) (খ) (1, ∞) (গ) [1/2, ∞) (ঘ) [-1, ∞) উত্তর: (খ) (1, ∞) ১৬৮।6x2 – 7x – 4 = 0 সমীকরণে মূলদ্বয়ে প্রকৃতি কোনটি? (ক) বাস্তব ও সমান (খ) বাস্তব ও অসমান (গ) অবাস্তব (ঘ) পূর্ণ বর্গ সংখ্যা উত্তর: (খ) বাস্তব ও অসমান ১৬৯ । যদি x4 – x2 +1 = 0 হয়, তবে x3 + 1/x3 =? (ক) 3 (খ) 2 (গ) 1 (ঘ) 0 উত্তর: (ঘ) 0 ১৭০। xx∙x = (x∙x)x হলে x এর মান কত? (ক) 3/2 (খ) 4/9 (গ) 9/4 (ঘ) 2/3 উত্তর: (গ) 9/4 ১৭১ । কোন শর্তে log1/a = 0 ? (ক) a> 0, a #1 (খ) a# 0, a > 1 (গ) a> 0, a = 1 (ঘ) a # 1, a < 0 উত্তর: (ক) a> 0, a #1 ১৭২। R চিত্রে,

ARTICLES ​ ​ ​ A, An and The are called Articles. ​ NOTE: Formerly Articles were classed as a separate part of speech: but now they are classed as Adjectives. A and An are called Indefinite Articles, because they do not point out any particular person or thing: a book= any book, a girl = any girl. They are used only before singular countable nouns. The is called the Definite Article, because it points to some particular person or thing: the boy = the boy of whom, we are speaking or who is known: the girls; the air: the grass. The definite article can be used before singular or plural nouns, whether countable or uncountable. As a general rule, a Common Noun in the singular number should have an article before it. Thus, we cannot say, "I have seen tiger" - we should say, "I have seen a or the tiger." But a Common Noun in the plural does not require the unless ­we want to particularize. Boys love games ; but The boys( those already referred to, or those before us) are playing. Uses of A "A" is used before a consonant : a boy, a word, a B.A., etc. such vowels that have the sound of "you": a ewe, a useful thing, a unit, a European etc. "o", when it sounds like "w": such a one, a one-rupee note. etc. "An" is used before a vowel : an eye, an idiot, an ox, etc. a consonant beginning with a vowel sound: an M. A., an M.D., an honest boy, an hour. Other uses of 'A' and 'An' Generalizing "A" or "An"--A or An is sometimes used before a noun to indicate a class : A son should obey his father. An ant is an industrious creature. A is used as a preposition---He went a hunting (= on hunting). Potatoes sell at one kilo a (per) rupee. I get sixty rupee a month. A is used in the sense of a certain: A Mr. Bose came to see me. A and An are also used in a number of phrases: to have a cold, to take an interest in, in a hurry. A is sometimes used to mean a single or any: There was not a man to support him, though no one spoke a word against him openly. A sometimes means one like: He thinks he is a Sarat Chandra. A is used before other determinatives like few, little, lot of: There are a few apples on the table. There are a lot of books in the library. There is a little water in the jug. NOTE: It is also possible to say: 'few apples', 'little water' but such constructions convey different meaning. A or An is also used in certain exclamatory sentences beginning with 'what' : What a thing to say ! What an awful comment to make! Rules for the use of "The": The is used before: (a) The names of rivers (the Ganga), gulfs (the Persian Gulf ), seas (the Black Sea), mountain ranges (the Himalayas), groups of islands' ( the Andamans), ships (the Viceroy), newspapers (the Statesman), descriptive geographical or significant names ( the Punjab, the Deccan), the name of a country that is a union of smaller entities (the U. K., the West Indies, the U.S.S.R.), the, name of a country that is plural in form (the United States, the Netherlands), name of holy books (the Geeta) and names of the noted public places and important events (The Secretariat , the High Court, the . Senate House, the French Revolution the Reformation), trains, planes and spacecraft ( the Punjab Mail, the Queen Mary, the Skylab). Note: 1.But not before a single mountain or a single island: Everest, Java. 2.We say The Paradise Lost of Milton,' but 'Milton's Paradise Lost% ' The ­Twelfth Night but 'Shakespeare's Twelfth Night'. 3. We say parliament but The member of the parliament. Singular Common Nouns to represent a whole class: The dog is a faithful animal. The cow eats grass. (Generalizing 'The'). Nouns to point out a person or thing known or already referred to: Come into the garden (the garden before the speaker). I went to the club. I do not like the fellow (the fellow already referred to). (Familiar 'The'). Singular nouns referring to things of which only one exists: the earth, the sun. the sky, the east. Superlatives: He is the best of them. Comparatives, as adverbs: The more the merrier. (Instrumental 'The'.) A national name with a plural notion, to denote a people collectively. Without the, such a noun indicates the language of the people. The English (=the English people) are industrious. English (= the language) is a rich language. The French (=people of France) fought hard. I am learning French (=the language). Adjectives with a plural notion, to indicate a whole class of persons . But we should not combine both the forms. The rich (= rich men) are not always happy. Rich men are not always happy. The rich man is not always happy. But not The rich men are not always happy. Common Nouns as a substitute for the possessive Adjective: I struck him on the (his) head ; He stared at me in the (my) face. (Possessive 'The'.) (j) Nouns defined by adjectives or adjectival phrases or clauses: the black dog; the immortal Kalidas ; The men who came here yesterday are my friends. (k) Some Adjectives and Common Nouns in the singular number to express an abstract idea: Do not leap in the dark. The future (= futurity) is unknown to us. Check the beast (= animal nature) in you. The mother (motherly feelings) in her could not bear the sight. The father (= fatherly affection) in him could not bear the sight. (1) Adjectives, to denote particular parts of things : He likes the yellow of an egg. He entered the thick of the forest. Ordinal numbers written in letters ; but when written in Roman notation, no article is used : George the Fifth (but, George V) ; Chapter the Second (but, Chapter 11). Nouns, to indicate a profession: He joined the Bar or the Church (became a lawyer or a clergyman). The names of musical instruments: He plays the violin. But, he has a violin. The plural names of families: the Browns, the Boses. Proper, Material and Abstract nouns to make them Common : Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India. The water of the Ganga. The is sometimes used before a noun to give it the force of a superlative: He is the singer of the day. Omission of Articles: No article is normally used: (a) Before Proper, Material, or Abstract Nouns, except when they are particularised: Ashok (but, the king Ashok), Homer (but, the Homer of India), gold (but, the gold of Australia), honesty (hut, the honesty of the boy). (b) Before Common Nouns in the plural number, except when they are particularised: Dogs bark ; Cowseat grass; but, the dogs of my house ; the cows that I bought. (c) Often before a Common or Collective Noun, preceded by the phrases kind or species or sort of or when used in its widest sense: What kind or sort of man is he? Man, bird and beast-- all are subject to death. Always keep good company. But we say: The banyan is a kind of tree. Malaria is caused by a species of mosquito. Before man in the sense of mankind, and before father, mother, and baby when a particular one of them is meant Man is mortal. Father or Mother (i.e. my father or mother) says. so. Cook, nurse etc. take no article in the sense of 'our cook', 'our nurse'. Cook has given notice. In many idiomatic phrases: To take root (to be firmly established); to call to mind (to remember); to give ear to (to hear) ; to set foot on; by boat; at night; send word; at home; to attend school; by land; on horseback, etc. Before the words school, church, prison, hospital, college, court, market and a few other names of localities, besides table and bed. These take no article when we think of the use made of the building or object : Ram has gone to school/college (to learn). Ram has gone to the school/college (not to learn but just to see the place). Rabin once hit a ball right over the top of the school (building). They took him to hospital (for treatment). They went to the hospital (just to see the place). Before the names of squares, buildings, parks, streets, etc. consisting of a proper name (either a person or a place): Buckingham Palace, Curzon Park, Rashbehari Avenue. Before the names of meals (as a part of the daily routine): We have dinner at 8 p.m. (i) Before names of seasons and festivals, though the definite article may also be found in certain general statements: Winter is the best time for picnics. The first time I was in Kashmir was in the Autumn. Before titles when they are used in apposition to a Noun : Mr Bose, Principal of our college, is a well known man. Before complements to factitive verbs: Sumit was elected captain. They made him President. Note: 'In writing the date we nowadays omit the and of but in reading that date we generally put them in: March 10th ( The tenth of March) , 16th August ( The sixteenth of August or August the sixteenth), Repetition of the Article: (a) When two or more Nouns joined by and refer to the same thing, the Article is used only before the first ; but if they refer to separate things, the Article should be repeated before each The Secretary and the Treasurer have done this (two separate men). The Secretary and Treasurer has done this (the same man). Write either The first and the second boy' or ' The first and second boys' to refer to two boys. In a comparison, if two Nouns refer to the same object, the Article is used before the first Noun only. But if the Nouns refer to different objects, the Article is used before each Noun: The same person He is a better poet than speaker. He is a better poet than pleader. Different person He is a better poet than a speaker (would make). He is a better teacher than a pleader (would make). When two or more Adjectives refer to the same Noun, the Article is used before the first: I have a brown and white cat (one cat ). When two or more Adjectives refer to different Nouns, the Article is used before each Adjective: I have a brown and a white cat (2 cats ).

Tag Question / Question Tag (Grammar) Fakhruddin Babar 9 hours ago For publishing a report on overuse of polybags (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 1 day ago For the permission to visit the Jute Mill (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 1 day ago For a friendly football match /for permission to play a friendly football match (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 1 day ago For permission to observe the birth anniversary of our National Poet (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 1 day ago For permission to join in an art competition (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 1 day ago For permission to go on a picnic (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 1 day ago For for permission to hold a flower fair (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 1 day ago Requesting to provide more facilities for indoor games (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 3 days ago For Load shedding and Power failure paralysing the normal life in your locality (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 3 days ago For permission to open a music club. (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 3 days ago For introducing the computer course (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 3 days ago For introducing a course on spoken English in the S.S.C Examination Syllabus (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 3 days ago For setting up a hostel in our college / For increasing/ improving the amenities/ facilities of your college hostel (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 3 days ago For permission to observe the International Mother Language Day (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 3 days ago Application to the editor about the indiscriminate use of loudspeaker (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 3 days ago For further information about a tour (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For requesting to form a committee for collecting relief goods for the flood affected people (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For the post of a 'primary school teacher'. (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For providing a fan in the classroom (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For taking steps to eradicate mosquitoes from your area / For a mosquito killing movement in the school compound (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago Present environmental condition of Chittagong (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For arranging English Special Coaching at school (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For electrification in our village/ locality (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For early leave / for leave after second period(Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For permission to hold a blood donation camp. (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For dismissal the classes declaring the day a rainy day. (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For taking steps against anti social activities in your locality (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For permission to hold a cultural function (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For setting up a cricket club (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago Environmental condition of Chittagong. (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For introducing computer course this year in our school (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For better delivery of letters / Complaint against irregular delivery of letters (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago Importance of communicative skills in English. (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For taking necessary arrangement to clean the surroundings of the school (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For a Children's Park (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For checking up tube wells to test the presence of arsenic / for marking the tube wells green and red (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For the establishment of a charitable dispensary (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For a Character Certificate. (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For changing your section (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For changing shift from science to Humanities Group (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For providing certificate / transcript in English version (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For permission to celebrate the Pahela Baishakh at school premises(Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago For permission to celebrate the “Cleanliness Day" (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago To the Editor About Arsenic Problem (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 6 days ago For for arranging a sight seeing tour (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 6 days ago For arranging a Science fair in the school campus (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 6 days ago CAMPUS VIOLENCE (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 6 days ago For leave of absence(Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 6 days ago For repairing a damaged road / For the construction / repair of some roads (Letter, Application & Email Writing) Fakhruddin Babar 6 days ago © Copyright © Copyright

GMAT,GRE Idea Builders writing Vocabulary Grammar Synonyms & Phraphrasing

How to write better English Writing assessment criteria Your Writing is basically assessed based on four criteria: Task Achievement (TA) = how well you answer the question. ... Coherence and Cohesion (CC) = how well is your text structured. ... Lexical Resource (LR) = how good is your vocabulary. ... Grammatical Range and Accuracy (GRA) = how good is your grammar. ​ ​ Task Response ​ In this criterion, the type of response that you write for the essay type question is determined. It assesses the main idea of your essay and the way you develop it with relative examples. To score better: pay attention to ALL issues in the essay question write about the issues rather than just the general topic answer the essay question with relevant main points plan your supporting points so they don’t go off the topic write required number of words Coherence & Cohesion This writing criterion determines the proper use of linking words, paragraphing skills and use of cohesive devices (for example, connectors, conjunctions) is determined. Also, the number of paragraphs is taken into consideration. Dividing your essay into more or fewer paragraphs might lower your score. To score better: have either four or five paragraphs but not more and not less this means you should have two or three body paragraphs only have just one central topic in each body paragraph organise your ideas logically use a range of linking words avoid errors in linking words Lexical Resource ​ Under this criterion, the use of a sufficient range of vocabulary, proper spellings, correct implementation of collocations, and word formation are taken care of while scoring. You must avoid using wrong words and informal language. To score better: pay attention to collocations paraphrase carefully to avoid errors use a range of words appropriate for the topic spell words correctly avoid making errors avoid using informal language Grammatical Range & Accuracy To score this criterion, things taken into consideration include sentence structures, proper use of tenses, putting right punctuations, use of simple as well as complex statements with clear ideas, and control over Grammar. To score better: use a wide range of grammatical structures pay attention to word order in your sentences use a range of sentence structures use the correct punctuation avoid errors in grammar