The first peace movement appeared in 1815-1816 - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC

1. Read the passage and answer the questions A and B.

The first peace movement appeared in 1815-1816. The first such movement in the United States was the New York Peace Society, founded in 1815 by the theologian David Low Dodge, and the Massachusetts Peace Society. It became an active organization, holding regular weekly meetings, and producing literature which was spread as far as Gibraltar and Malta, describing the horrors of war and advocating pacifism on Christian grounds. The London Peace Society (also known as the Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace) was formed in 1816 to promote permanent and universal peace by the philanthropist William Allen. In the 1840s, British women formed 'Olive Leaf Circles' groups of around 15 to 20 women, to discuss and promote pacifist ideas. The peace movement began to grow in influence by the mid- nineteenth century. The London Peace Society, under the initiative of American consul to Birmingham, Elihu Burritt, and the Reverened Henry Richard, convened the first International Peace Congress in London in 1843. The congress decided on two aims: the ideal of peaceable arbitration in the affairs of nations and the creation of an international institution to achieve that. 

Afterwards, peace organizations were set up in many countries. The United Nations was founded with the primary objective to maintain peace and resolve inter-state conflicts in the world. Many treaties have been signed between many nations, a noteworthy one of which is the nuclear non-proliferation treaty. Everyone wants peace and likes the principles of non-violence. 

A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. 1☓5 = 5

(a) Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word 'influence'?

 (i) effective  (ii) effect  (iii) inflation  (iv) fact 

(b) What does the expression 'advocating pacifism' mean?  

 (i) supporting pacifism (ii) opposing pacifism  (iii) thinking of pacifism  (iv) hating pacifism 

(c) The word 'convened' in the context has the closest meaning to —.

 (i) to come together to play something  (ii) to come together for visiting a place

  (iii) to come together for quarrelling (iv) to come together for a formal meeting 

(d) The first peace movement was founded by theologian —.  

 (i) Kim Jone (ii) Jack Millar (iii) David Low Dodge (iv) Karlos Huper 

(e) What does the phrase 'the horrors of war' mean?

 (i) dreadfulness of war (ii) pre-moment of war  (iii) fear of war  (iv) post-situation of war 

(f) The New York peace society was founded in —.

 (i) 1814 (ii) 1815 (iii) 1816 (iv) 1817

(g) David Low Dodge was a/ an —.

 (i) philanthropist (ii) pacifist (iii) social reformer (iv) theologian

(h) The 'London Peace Society' was formed in —.

 (i) 1814 (ii) 1815 (iii) 1816 (iv) 1817

(i) 'Olive Leaf Circles' was formed by — British women.

 (i) 10 to 15 (ii) 15 to 20 (iii) 10 to 20 (iv) 15 to 25

(j) The 'London Peace Society' was formed by —.

 (i) Elihu Burritt (ii) David Low Dodge (iii) Herry Richard (iv) William Allen

(k) The first International Peace Congress was held in — in 1843.

 (i) London  (ii) Birmingham (iii) Malta (iv) Gibraltar

(l) The word 'Philanthropist' means —.

 (i) angel (ii) donor (iii) humanitarian (iv) patron

(m) The word 'active' means —.

 (i) idle (ii) industrious (iii) lazy (iv) sluggish

(n) The word 'noteworthy' means —.

 (i) ordinary (ii) notice (iii) usual (iv) extraordinary

(o) What does the word 'promote' mean?

 (i) develop (ii) propose (iii) demote (iv) pronounce

(p) The word 'horror' means —.

 (i) hamper (ii) honour (iii) panic (iv) hatred

(q) The word 'resolve' means —.

 (i) retire (ii) resume (iii) restore (iv) settle

Answer (A):

(a) (ii) effect (b) (i) supporting pacifism (c) (iv) to come together for a formal meeting (d) (iii) David Low Dodge (e) (i) dreadfulness of war (f) (ii) 1815 (g) (iv) theologian (h) (iii) 1816 (i) (ii)15 to 20 (j) (iv) William Allen (k) (i) London (l) (iii) humanitarian (m) (ii) industrious (n) (iv) extraordinary (o) (i) develop (p) (iii) panic (q) (iv) settle

B. Answer the following questions. 2☓5 = 10

(a) What is the primary purpose of peace movement? When did the first peace movement appear?

(b) Who founded the New York Peace Society? When?

(c) When was the London Peace Society formed? Why?

(d) What is the main purpose of the United Nations? Give an example of the activity of the United Nations.

(e) Mention some of the peace movements described in the passage.

(f) What do you know about the initial peace movements?

(g) What is the first International Peace Congress?

(h) What does the peace movement tend to?

(i) What do you know about the Massachusetts Peace Society?

(j) When and why was 'Olive Leaf Circles' formed?

(k) Who was David Low Dodge? What did he found?

(l) What is the other name of the London Peace Society?

(m) Who convinced the first International Peace Congress?

Answer (B):

(a) The primary purpose of peace movement is sustainability of peace in the society. The first peace movement appeared in 1815-1816. 

 (b) An American theologian named David Low Dodge founded the New York Peace Society in 1815.

 (c) The London Peace Society was formed in 1816. It was formed by the philanthropist William Allen to promote permanent and universal peace. 

 (d) The main purpose of the United Nation is to maintain peace and resolve inter-state conflicts in the world. An example of the activity of the United Nation is the non-prolification treaty among the countries all over the world. 

 (e) Some peace movements mentioned in the passage are the New York Peace Society, the Massachusetts Peace Society, the London Peace Society, Olive Leaf Circles etc.

 (f) There appeared a good many peace movements after the initial peace movement that took place in 1815-1816. The New York Peace society founded by the theologian David Low Dodge in 1815 was the first such movement. Following it the Massachusetts Peace Society came into being. The London Peace Society was formed in 1816 to promote permanent and universal peace. In the 1840s a group of 15 to 20 British women formed 'Olive Leaf Circles' to discuss and promote pacifist ideas.

 (g) The first International Peace Congress is a convention that was held to uphold peace for the first time. The convention was held in London by the London Peace Society. It was initiated by the American Consul to Birmingham, Elihu Burritt and the Reverened Aerry Richard.

 (h) The peace movement tends to oppose the proliferation of dangerous technologies and weapons of mass destruction and particularly nuclear weapons and biological warfare.

 (i) The Massachusetts Peace Society became an active organization, holding regular weekly meetings, producing literature and describing the horrors of war and advocating pacifism on Christian grounds.

 (j) The 'Olive Leaf Circles' was formed in the 1840s by a group of 15 to 20 British women to discuss and promote pacifist ideas.

 (k) David Low Dodge was a theologian. He founded the New York Peace Society in the United States in 1815.

 (l) The other name of the London Peace Society is the society for the promotion of permanent and Universal Peace.

 (m) The London Peace Society, under the initiative of American cousul to Birmingham, Elihu Burritt and the Reverened Henry. Richard convened the first International Peace Congress in London in 1843.

Bangla Translation

বাংলা অনুবাদঃ 

প্রথম শান্তি আন্দোলন দেখা যায় ১৮১৫-১৮১৬ সালে। যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে এই ধরনের প্রথম আন্দোলন ছিল New York Peace Society, যা ১৮১৫ সালে ধর্ম বিশেষজ্ঞ ডেভিড লোডজ এবং Massachusetts Peace Society  প্রতিষ্ঠা করে। খ্রিষ্টীয় ধর্মের ভিত্তিতে যুদ্ধের ভয়াবহতার বর্ণনা দিয়ে এবং শান্তিবাদের পক্ষ নিয়ে, নিয়মিত সাপ্তাহিক সভা আয়োজন করে এবং সাহিত্য চর্চার মাধ্যমে যা জিব্রাল্টার এবং মাল্টা পর্যন্ত বিস্তৃত হয়ে এটি একটি সক্রিয় সংস্থায় পরিণত হয়। স্থায়ী এবং বিশ্ব শান্তি প্রচার করতে ১৮১৬ সালে জনহিতৈষীকর উইলিয়াম অ্যালেন দ্বারা The London Peace Society (Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace  নামে পরিচিত) গঠিত হয়। ১৮৪০ সালের দিকে, শান্তিবাদী ধারণার আলোচনা এবং প্রচার করতে ১৫ থেকে ২০ জন ব্রিটিশ মহিলার দল ''Olive Leaf Circles' গঠন করে। উনিশ শতকের মাঝামাঝি সময় থেকে শান্তি আন্দোলন প্রভাব বিস্তার করতে শুরু করে। The London Peace Society বার্মিংহামে আমেরিকান রাষ্ট্রদূত, ইলিহু বুরিট এবং যাজক হেনরি রিচার্ড ১৮৪০ সালে লণ্ডনে প্রথম আন্তর্জাতিক শান্তি মহাসভার আহবান করা হয়। কংগ্রেস দুইটি সিদ্ধান্তে উপনিত হয়: জাতিগত বিষয়সমূহে সংঘর্ষবিহীন মধ্যস্থতার আদর্শ এবং এটা অর্জন করতে একটি আন্তর্জাতিক সংস্থার সৃষ্টি।

পরবর্তীকালে, অনেক দেশে শান্তি সংস্থা গঠন করা হয়। পৃথিবীতে শান্তি বজায় রাখতে এবং আন্তঃরাষ্ট্রীয় সংঘাত দমন করার প্রাথমিক উদ্দেশ্য নিয়ে জাতিসংঘ গঠন করা হয়। অনেক দেশের মধ্যে অনেক চুক্তি সাক্ষরিত হয়েছে। এর মধ্যে উল্লেখযোগ্য হচ্ছে পারমাণবিক হ্রাসকরণ চুক্তি। প্রত্যেকেই শান্তি চায় এবং অহিংসের মূলনীতি পছন্দ করে।

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