Band 8 Vocabulary for IELTS
abandon: 1. a lack of control or restraint 2. loss of inhibitions 3. exuberance 4. surrender to one's natural impulses
abandonment: 1. leaving someone, such as a child or a spouse, voluntarily 2. the act of giving something up 3. the act of letting something or someone go
abate: reduce in amount, degree, or intensity; lessen
abbreviate: make (a word, phrase, or text) shorter
abbreviation: 1. a shortened form of a name, phrase or word 2. the act of shortening something
aberrant: different from the right, normal, usual course, expected course or an accepted standard
aberration: a departure from what is right, true, correct, etc., typically an unwelcome one
abeyance: 1. a temporary stoppage or delay of activity 2. suspension
abhor: regard with extreme dislike and hatred
abide: 1. to accept 2. to put up with; to tolerate 3. to conform
ability: 1. the capacity to do something 2. a skill or talent in a specific area
abjure: 1. to officially renounce 2. to formally and publicly announce that one no longer believes in something
abnormal: 1. strange 2. not usual or typical 3. not what is considered to be normal
aboard: 1. on a boat or any sort of vehicle, such as a train or plane 2. into a group; as a participant
abolish: 1. to get rid of in an official way 2. to put an end to 3. to completely destroy
abolition: 1. the act of getting rid of something 2. the act of stopping or cancelling something
abortion: 1. the medical termination of a pregnancy 2. the failure or premature abandonment of a plan or an undertaking
abortive: 1. failed 2. unfinished and therefore unsuccessful 3. imperfect
abridge: 1. to make something shorter while keeping the same meaning 2. to condense 3. to reduce
abrogate: 1. to officially put an end to something, especially a law or another type of formal agreement
abrupt: 1. brusque or curt in behavior or speech 2. unexpected or sudden, most often in an unpleasant or shocking way 3. steep
absence: 1. the state or condition of someone or something not being present or not existing 2. a failure to appear
absent: 1. not present in a certain time or location 2. non-existent 3. missing
absolute: 1. complete, definite or perfect 2. not limited in any way 3. unadulterated
absolutely: 1. completely 2. definitely 3. without exception
absorb: 1. to incorporate something 2. to soak up or suck up something 3. to gradually take something in
absorption: 1. the act or process of taking in or absorbing any substance 2. the state of being mentally engrossed in something; total concentration
abstain: deliberately choose not to do or have something that is enjoyable but that may not be healthy, safe, or morally right 2. refrain from voting
abstract: 1. not concrete; not related to a physical object or real event 2. expressing or showing feelings instead of real objects or people 3. difficult to understand because of its complexity 4. theoretical
absurd: 1. silly or ridiculous, especially in a laughable way 2. illogical or totally untrue 3. difficult or impossible to believe
absurdity: 1. the state or quality of being totally ridiculous or absurd 2. nonsense
abundance: 1. an extremely large quantity of something 2. a quantity that is considered to be more than enough
abundant: 1. great in number 2. available in a large number 3. more than enough; plenty
abuse: 1. misuse of something 2. unfair or hurtful treatment of a person or an animal 3. improper use
academic: 1. related to school or scholarly subjects 2. theoretical; not practical 3. scholarly; good at studying
academy: 1. a professional organization that is created to regulate or spur interest and development in a specific field 2. a school that provides special training in a particular field
accede: 1. to formally take on official duties 2. to agree; to give consent 3. to do what someone else says
accelerate: 1. to speed up 2. to go faster 3. to make something happen or to happen at a quicker rate than normal
acceleration: 1. an increase in speed or rate 2. the ability of something to go faster
access: 1. a way of entering or exiting a place 2. the right or permission to use, approach, or enter something or somewhere 3. the act of approaching
accessible: 1. obtainable 2. easy to enter, speak with, or approach 3. easily influenced
accessory: 1. an object that is added to another in order to make it more useful or attractive 2. a person that helps another person commit a crime, but who does not actually take part in the crime
accident: 1. an unforeseen event that causes harm, damage, injury or even death 2. a sudden and unplanned event
accidental: 1. unexpected 2. not predicted 3. happening by chance
accidentally: 1. by chance 2. unexpectedly 3. by mistake
accommodate: 1. to do a favor or oblige someone 2. to supply 3. to provide space for people to stay or to be 4. to adapt or to make suitable
accommodation: 1. lodgings used for travelers 2. a place to stay or live
accompaniment: 1. something that accompanies something or someone else 2. music that accompanies a singer or the main tune
accompany: 1. to go along with 2. to be associated with 3. to go somewhere with someone
accomplish: 1. to carry something out; to finish something 2. to be successful in doing something 3. to complete or fulfill
accomplishment: 1. fulfillment, success or achievement 2. something that was done successfully
accord: concurrence of opinions or wills
account: 1. an explanation or description of a specific event or situation 2. a narrative 3. the reasons behind a specific event or action
accountant: 1. a person who keeps and prepares financial reports for businesses and individuals
accounting: 1. the practice or process of recording and keeping financial records of individuals or corporations
accrue: 1. to accumulate over a long period of time 2. to increase 3. to grow in a slow way
accumulate: 1. to collect or gather 2. to amass 3. to increase in quantity or amount
accumulation: 1. the act of growing or increasing in amount over an extended period of time 2. agglomeration
accurate: 1. meticulous or giving careful consideration to the details 2. exact 3. free from errors and mistakes
achieve: 1. to accomplish 2. to reach something through hard work 3. to succeed
acknowledge: 1. to recognize or admit that something is true 2. to tell someone you have received something 3. to thank someone for something they have done 4. to show someone that you have recognized them by making a gesture
acquiesce: 1. to agree to something reticently but without protesting
acquire: 1. to obtain 2. to purchase 3. to develop or learn a habit or skill 4. to pinpoint and hold a target or something else through the use of radar or another tracking device
acquisition: 1. the act of getting something or gaining possession of a skill or a good 2. something that one gets or gains possession of
acrid: 1. a strong, bitter or stinging smell which often creates an unpleasant smell in one's throat 2. a bitter or sharp taste
acrimony: sharpness, harshness, or bitterness of nature, temper, manner, or speech
acuity: 1. acuteness or sharpness, especially of thought, vision or perception
acumen: the ability to think clearly, make good judgments and take quick decision in a particular subject, such as business or politics
adamant: 1. refusing to be persuaded, or unwilling to change an opinion or decision in spite of pleas, appeals, or reason; stubbornly unyielding 2. too hard to cut, break, or pierce
adapt: 1. to make changes in order to fit a specific situation or purpose 2. to modify 3. to alter something
adaptation: 1. the act of modifying something so that it better fits one's needs 2. change; adjustment
adept: highly skilled or proficient at doing something; expert
adequate: 1. sufficient to fit the requirements or needs 2. good enough, but not excessively good 3. satisfactory
adjacent: 1. near 2. close to 3. neighboring 4. touching
adjust: 1. to make changes to 2. to settle or adapt to a situation
adjustment: 1. a change or modification that makes something more suitable or accurate for the person or situation 2. an adaptation
administrate: 1. to direct or manage 2. to control 3. to distribute or give out
administration: 1. a person or group that governs or manages a particular organization 2. the act of controlling a particular organization, group or plan
adroit: very clever or skillful in a physical or mental way
adult: 1. a person or animal that is fully developed or fully grown 2. a mature person or animal
adversity: a difficult, unlucky, or unpleasant situation, condition, or event; misfortune; tragedy
advocate: 1. publicly speak, write, plead, recommend, support or argue for a cause, particular policy or way of doing things 2. a person who publicly speaks, writes, pleads, recommends, supports or argues for a cause, particular policy or way of doing things
aesthetic: 1. relating to beauty or the study or appreciation of beauty or good taste 2. nice to look at
affect: 1. to impact someone emotionally or mentally 2. to produce a change in
affected: 1. behaving in an artificial way to impress people 2. emotionally stirred or moved 3. impaired, harmed, or attacked, as by climate or disease 4. artificial and not sincere
aggregate: 1. to collect or bring together 2. to add amounts together
aid: 1. help; assistance 2. a person who helps someone or something 3. a helpful device
alacrity: a cheerful readiness, promptness, or willingness to do something
albeit: 1. although 2. even if 3. notwithstanding
allay: 1. to calm or to lessen negative feelings or pain 2. to pacify 3. to alleviate or relieve
alleviate: 1. to make something more bearable or relieve problems or pain 2. to make something less severe or easier
allocate: divide and give out (something) for a particular purpose
alter: 1. to change or modify 2. to make something different 3. to castrate or spay an animal
alternative: 1. not traditional or usual 2. being a choice; offering a choice 3. existing outside traditional society
altruistic: unselfishly concerned for or devoted to the welfare of others
amalgamate: mix, merge, combine or unite to form one thing
ambiguity: 1. the state of being unclear, inexact and open to more than one possible interpretation 2. doubtfulness
ambiguous: 1. not expressed or understood clearly 2. open to or having several possible meanings or interpretations
amend: 1. to make changes to 2. to improve 3. to alter 4. to remove errors from
amendment: 1. a change that is made to something, such as a law, an agreement or any other document 2. a minor change or addition to something
amiable: pleasant and friendly; good-natured and likable
amicable: characterized by or exhibiting friendliness or goodwill, often despite a difficult situation
amorphous: 1. without a defined shape or form 2. unorganized 3. missing a clear structure
analogous: 1. similar to 2. alike or related in a way that allows analogies to be drawn
analogy: 1. a comparison designed to show that two or more things are similar 2. partial resemblance 3. comparability
analyse: 1. to examine something critically 2. to separate something into its parts in order to examine it or better understand it 3. to psychoanalyze
analysis: 1. the study or examination of something in an attempt to define it or understand it 2. investigation 3. the act of breaking a subject down into parts to study it
anarchy: 1. a lack of government or social control of any sort 2. lawlessness and confusion due to an absence of control or structure
anathema: 1. a malediction or a curse 2. something or someone that is considered to be cursed 3. someone or something that is greatly disliked
anecdote: a short, often funny story, especially about something some happening, usually personal or biographical
animosity: 1. clear negativity or hatred of someone or something 2. strong opposition 3. open hostility
annex: 1. to take control or possession over a piece of land without permission and often by the use of force 2. to add or attach 3.
annual: 1. occurring each year 2. payable on a yearly basis or calculated over a year 3. yearly
anonymous: 1. with no name known or acknowledged 2. made or done by someone unknown 3. having no unusual or interesting features
antagonism: 1. unfriendliness or opposition 2. a strong feeling of dislike or hatred towards someone
antagonist: a person who opposes to, struggles against, or competes with someone or something, especially in combat; adversary; opponent
anthology: 1. a book that contains many different selections, often from various authors 2. a collection of music or different works of art
anthropology: the study of human races, origins, societies, beliefs, cultures, and its physical development
anticipate: 1. to predict or foresee 2. to look forward to something 3. to prepare for something or deal with something before it happens
apparent: 1. clear and able to be seen 2. obvious; evident 3. easily understood
appease: 1. to calm a situation 2. to pacify a situation by giving one's enemies what they demand 3. to soothe
append: 1. to attach something; to affix 2. to add something to a written work such as a letter or a book
appendix: 1. additional material that is found at the end of a book, an essay or another written piece 2. added information
appreciate: 1. to become more valuable or increase in worth 2. to be grateful or thankful for 3. to understand the true meaning of a situation
appreciation: 1. an increase in value 2. the act of recognizing something's quality, worth, validity, merit, etc. 3. an expression of thanks or gratitude 4. judgment
approach: to move nearer
appropriate: 1. to take possession or control of something 2. to steal 3. to set aside or to devote to a specific purpose
approximate: 1. to come close to something 2. to be similar to something 3. to get near
apt: 1. exactly suitable; appropriate 2. likely to do something; having a tendency to do something 3. quick to learn or understand
arbitrary: 1. determined in a random way 2. based on preference rather than logic
arbitrate: officially try to settle a disagreement between opposing or contending parties or sides after hearing the opinions and ideas of both
arcane: known or understood by only a few; secret or mysterious
archaic: 1. antiquated 2. belonging to a time in the past 3. old-fashioned
archives: 1. a group of documents with some sort of historical or informational value 2. the place where these documents are kept
area: 1. a geographical region 2. part of a surface or space 3. a subject or field of study
arid: 1. very dry, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants 2. lacking in interest, excitement, or meaning
articulate: 1. capable of expressing oneself in a clear and coherent manner 2. clear and well formulated language
aspect: 1. a part or quality of something 2. one part of a situation 3. exposure; the way in which a structure is facing
aspire: long, aim, or seek ambitiously to have or achieve something, especially in your career; desire strongly
assail: physically attack or severely criticize (someone or something) in a violent or angry way
assemble: 1. to put something together by joining its parts 2. to bring people together into one single group
assembly: 1. a gathering of people that takes place because the people share a common goal or interest; a meeting 2. a gathering of teachers and students where information is shared
assess: 1. to estimate or determine the value of something; to appraise 2. to evaluate
assessment: 1. the act of evaluating and judging something 2. one's judgments or observations about a particular subject
assiduous: showing hard work, great care, and attention to detail; diligent
assign: 1. to give or allocate 2. to appoint 3. to designate 4. to attribute
assist: 1. to support or help; to aid
assistance: 1. help or support 2. the act of helping or supporting someone
assume: 1. to believe that something is true without proof 2. to take on a role or responsibility 3. to adopt an idea
assurance: 1. a feeling of confidence in oneself or something else 2. a promise designed to give confidence
assure: 1. to assure someone that something is true, in hopes of getting rid of doubts 2. to confidently promise; to pledge 3. to guarantee 4. to make secure or safe
astute: 1. crafty 2. possessing the ability to correctly judge situations and use one's observations to take advantage of the situation 3. shrewd
asylum: 1. protection, safety, or the right to stay, especially that given by a government to people who has escaped from war or political trouble in their own country 2. an institution for the care of the mentally ill, or of the aged, the poor, etc.
attach: 1. to fasten or join two or more objects 2. to include 3. to add a file to an e-mail
attached: 1. joined or fastened together somehow 2. connected 3. feeling love or attraction for someone
attain: 1. to succeed at something 2. to achieve 3. to reach or arrive at
attitude: 1. a feeling or an opinion; a mental position 2. physical posture 3. a way of acting, thinking or feeling
attribute: 1. a trait or quality 2. a characteristic
augment: 1. to increase something in size, quantity or value 2. to enlarge 3. to enhance
August: impressive; majestic; inspiring awe or admiration
author: 1. the creator of something 2. the person who writes a document 3. the person responsible for an action
authority: 1. power; the ability and right to control 2. the person or group that is in charge of a person, group or region 3. an expert on a specific subject 4. jurisdiction 5. official permission
automate: 1. to mechanize a process, replacing people with machines 2. to operate by automation
available: 1. free and ready to be used; not busy 2. accessible 3. at someone's disposal
avarice: extreme greed to get or keep money or possessions; cupidity
aver: 1. say (something) in a very strong and determined way 2. declare in a positive or confident manner
aware: 1. cognizant; knowing 2. informed about something 3. conscious of something
bard: 1. a poet 2. a poet that composes or recites lyric poetry
barrage: 1. a concentrated artillery bombardment to protect one's own advancing or retreating or to stop the advance of enemy troops 2. an artificial barrier across a river or estuary to increase the depth of the water, prevent flooding, facilitate irrigation, etc
befuddle: 1. to completely confuse someone 2. to perplex
behalf: 1. in the interest of 2. on part of 3. supporting 4. representing
beleaguer: 1. to harass or create trouble for 2. to besiege or surround a place, person or group with troops
belittle: 1. to disparage or put down 2. to consider something to be less important or make it seem less important 3. to scorn or disparage
belligerent: inclined or eager to fight or argue; hostile and aggressive
benefit: 1. an advantage 2. a gift or payment from an employer to an employee 3. a payment from an insurance company or social welfare program 4. something intended to help 5. an event designed to raise money for someone or for a cause
benevolent: kind, generous, and helpful; charitable
benign: 1. not harmful 2. displaying kindness or gentleness 3. beneficial
bias: supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way, especially in a way considered to be unfair
bigot: 1. a person who is intolerant of views other than his or her own 2. a person with a closed-mind
blatant: 1. obvious, easily detectable, or blunt 2. noisy in a vulgar way 3. obtrusive
bond: 1. the link or connection between people or things 2. a written promise 3. a force that unites or pushes people together 4. a certificate of debt issued by a government or company, promising to pay borrowed money back over a specified period of time
bourgeois: 1. middle class and acting in a way that is consistent with what is expected of the middle class 2. materialistic 3. typical, conventional
brazen: 1. bold and shameless 2. having a loud, usually harsh, resonant sound
breach: 1. an act of breaking or failing to follow a law, rule, trust, faith, promise, agreement, or code of conduct 2. a hole, opening or space in a wall, fence, barrier, or line of defense, especially during a military attack
brief: 1. concise 2. short in duration 3. curt 4. scanty
brusque: a very direct, brief, and unfriendly way in speech or manner
buffet: 1. a table that has food on it, from which diners are expected to choose their own food 2. a meal when diners are expected to choose their own food from a variety of selections 3. a blow or a strike, usually from a hand
bulk: 1. the size or mass of something 2. the largest portion or part of something 3. great in quantity
bulwark: 1. something or someone which protects one from negative, dangerous or unpleasant things or gives support and encouragement in bad situations 2. a wall built for defense
buoyant: 1. able to float 2. cheerful and optimistic
bureaucracy: 1. a large government or administration that is divided into various departments, in which the officials must follow a set of inflexible rules 2. a complicated management system which requires compliance with an annoying set of rules or regulations
burgeon: 1. grow, increase, expand or develop quickly 2. begin to grow or blossom (as buds or branches)
cajole: persuade by flattery or promises; wheedle; coax
callous: unkind, cruel, and without sympathy or feeling about the problems or suffering of other people
candid: 1. direct or honest, even in situations when the truth is considered to be uncomfortable or unpleasant; frank; straightforward 2. impartial or unbiased 3. unrehearsed or informal
candor: 1. the quality or state of being honest or frank, especially when the truth is painful or difficult 2. fairness; impartiality
capable: 1. able to do something 2. quite good at a certain task; skilled
capacity: 1. the ability to do something 2. the maximum number of things that a place or object can hold
capricious: suddenly and unexpectedly changing mood or behavior without any good reason; impulsive and unpredictable
catalyst: 1. (Chemistry) a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction 2. somebody, something or an event that quickly causes change or action
category: 1. a group of things organized due to the fact that they share a common trait 2. a group or class 3. a division
caustic: 1. capable of burning, corroding, destroying, or eating away by chemical action 2. severely critical or sarcastic, often in a funny or clever way
cease: 1. to stop doing something; to quit 2. to discontinue 3. to come to an end
censure: strong criticism or disapproval of (someone or something), especially in a formal statement
chagrin: a feeling of being very annoyed, disappointed, or embarrassed because of failure, disappointment, or humiliation
challenge: 1. to question or express objection to 2. to test someone 3. to invite someone to take part in a debate or competition; to dare
channel: 1. a route through which water flows or can flow 2. a television or radio station 3. a course of direction through which actions or ideas pass
chapter: 1. a section of a book or a written work 2. a branch of a society or group 3. a stage in a person's life
chart: 1. a drawing or illustration which displays information in an easy to understand way; a graph 2. a detailed map used for navigation of the sea or air
chide: 1. express mild disapproval of (someone) 2. scold mildly so as to correct or improve; reprimand
circumscribe: 1. draw a line around; encircle 2. restrict something such as power, rights, or opportunities within limits
circumspect: 1. prudent or careful about taking risks 2. cautious and wary about the outcome of an action
circumstance: 1. the conditions surrounding an event 2. a factor which influences something
circumvent: 1. surround or circle around (an enemy, for example); enclose or entrap 2. avoid (defeat, failure, unpleasantness, etc.), especially cleverly or illegally 3. go around or bypass
cite: 1. to use information or exact words from another source; to quote 2. to use as an example
civil: 1. not related to the church or military, but rather the ordinary people of a country 2. secular 3. polite or courteous
clandestine: kept or done secretly and often illegal
clarify: 1. to make something clearer or easier to understand 2. to remove ambiguity
clarity: 1. clearness of expression or thought 2. the ability to be understood 3. the ability to think in a clear way
classic: 1. typical; traditional; famous 2. extraordinarily good 3. timeless; considered to be good or exceptional over a long period of time
classical: 1. relating to ancient cultures 2. respecting tradition or the original way of doing things 3. traditional
clause: 1. a provision or stipulation in a contract or another formal document 2. a phrase containing a subject and a verb that is part of a larger sentence
clientele: 1. the specific group of customers which patronize a certain establishment or service provider; customer base
coalesce: 1. grow together or into one body 2. unite or merge into a single body, group, or mass
code: 1. a rule or law which governs an organization or a political region 2. a set of words or images which are used to communicate a message in a secret way or in an abbreviated form
coerce: 1. to convince someone to do something by threatening them or using force 2. to use force to get something
coercion: 1. persuasion through threats or force 2. using force to convince someone to do something
coherence: 1. a logical ordering of things 2. consistency 3. the state of being logical
coherent: 1. consistent or logical 2. understandable 3. capable of explaining one's thoughts or ideas in a way that is easily understood 4. unified; sticking together
coincide: 1. to happen at the same time 2. to be present at the same time and place 3. to agree with or be in agreement
collaborate: 1. work together, especially in a joint intellectual effort 2. cooperate with an enemy who has invaded your country during a war
collapse: 1. to cave in due to pressure or lack of support 2. to fall down 3. to break down 4. to fold into a smaller or more compact shape, allowing something to be more easily stored
colleague: 1. a coworker 2. someone you work with in the same profession or organization
colloquial: 1. not formal 2. familiar and conversational 3. informal
commence: 1. to start; to begin 2. to commence 3. to originate
comment: 1. to say something 2. to make a remark 3. to explain something through a verbal or written remark
commission: 1. a fee or payment for goods or services rendered 2. a request to create a specific work for someone 3. a group which studies a certain issue
commit: to do something
commitment: 1. one's promise or willingness to do something 2. an obligation, engagement, pledge or understanding
commodity: 1. a product or good that can be bought and sold 2. something useful or of value
communicate: 1. to transmit something, such as energy or an illness 2. to transmit information to others through written, verbal or non verbal words or signals
communication: 1. the act of transmitting information from one person to another 2. the message that is transmitted
community: 1. a group of people living in the same area or region 2. a group of people who share common interests 3. the greater public
compatible: 1. able to exist in harmony 2. well-suited 3. capable of being mixed
compensate: 1. to pay someone for something that has been lost, damaged, or taken away 2. to make up for something negative 3. to pay someone for their services
compensation: 1. a reward or a payment that is given in exchange for some sort of negative incident
compile: 1. to gather things together 2. to put things together in a logical or orderly form
complacency: a feeling of contentment or self-satisfaction with your own abilities or situation that prevents you from trying harder, often while unaware of some potential danger, defect, or the like
complement: 1. to go well with something 2. to make perfect; to complete
complex: 1. complicated and not easy to understand 2. involving or made from many different parts
component: 1. one specific part of something 2. an ingredient or element
compound: 1. to increase 2. to combine 3. to make something worse 4. to pay interest
comprehensive: 1. all-encompassing 2. thorough 3. extensive 4. dealing with most or all aspects of a certain issue
comprise: 1. to be made up of 2. to be composed of 3. to include; to contain
compromise: 1. a settlement of differences by mutual concessions 2. reduce the quality, value, or degree of something 3. endanger the interests or reputation of
compute: 1. to calculate 2. to determine by using a calculator or computer
conceive: 1. to draw up or think up a plan 2. to get pregnant 3. to invent something
concentrate: 1. to focus on something 2. to strengthen something 3. to bring things or people together in a common location
concept: 1. an idea or a notion 2. a plan 3. an experimental model for a future product
concern: A matter of interest or importance
concise: 1. expressed in few words 2. clear and succinct 3. brief yet clear
conclude: 1. to finish 2. to terminate or cause something to come to an end 3. to deduce or to infer based on what one has seen or heard
concomitant: 1. something that is connected to something else, often occurring at the same time 2. something associated with another thing
concur: agree with someone or something
concurrent: 1. contemporary 2. happening or existing at the same time 3. simultaneous
conditional: imposing, containing, subject to, or depending on a condition or conditions
conduct: to lead or guide
confer: 1. to grant something, like a title, to someone 2. to discuss or exchange opinions
conference: 1. a meeting of people who share a similar interest attend a variety of talks or sessions about a specific subject or topic 2. a meeting
confidant: 1. a person that one entrusts with their secrets 2. a person one can confide in and discuss personal matters with
confine: 1. to limit or restrict 2. to forcibly keep someone or something in a certain place; to imprison
confirm: 1. to check 2. to verify 3. to strengthen 4. to reinforce
confirmed: 1. firmly settled in a habit 2. established 3. unlikely to change
conflict: 1. a fight or a disagreement between two or more parties 2. a struggle 3. an incompatibility
conform: 1. to meet (standards) 2. to comply with 3. to be similar to 4. to behave in a way that is expected and acceptable
conformity: 1. agreement or compliance with a particular subject or issue 2. behavior that displays compliance with socially accepted rules or norms
confound: 1. to surprise or confuse someone 2. to mix something up 3. to refute 4. to bewilder
connive: 1. to secretly plan or work together with another person in order to do something illegal 2. to not do anything about illegal behavior you know about, showing one's silent compliance with the issue
conscientious: 1. controlled by or done according to, what one knows is right 2. working hard and careful to do things well
consensus: 1. majority opinion 2. an opinion or decision reached by all, or nearly all, members of a group 3. a general agreement
consent: 1. to allow or agree with 2. to grant permission 3. to approve
consequent: 1. resulting 2. following 3. progressing logically
consider: to think carefully
considerable: 1. quite large; substantial 2. worthy of recognition or consideration 3. noteworthy
consist: 1. to be composed of 2. to be inherent 3. to be compatible
consistent: 1. regular 2. not changing over time 3. constantly acting or behaving the same way
conspicuous: 1. obvious; easily noticed 2. attracting attention, especially because it is strange or unusual
constant: 1. unchanging 2. firm or resolute 3. persistent; continuing over a long period of time 4. loyal
consternation: a feeling of worry, shock, or confusion, often caused when something unexpected happens
constitute: 1. to formally set up or establish 2. to appoint someone to a position 3. to be the same as or equivalent to
constitutional: 1. permitted by the constitution of a country, group or business 2. related to the constitution of a country, group or business
constrain: 1. to keep back; to confine 2. to restrain; to limit 3. to force; to oblige
construct: 1. to create or to form 2. to build; to put pieces together to form a whole object 3. to combine smaller pieces to develop something new
construction: 1. the act or business of building things, especially structures
consult: 1. to get advice from someone or something; to ask someone their opinion 2. to consider; to take into account
consume: 1. to eat 2. to use; to use up 3. to totally destroy
consumer: 1. a person who purchases goods or services
contact: 1. to communicate with someone over the phone or by writing a letter, e-mail or text message
contemporary: 1. from or existing in the same time period 2. modern
contempt: 1. a feeling that someone or something is unimportant and deserves no respect 2. disregard for something that is usually respected or feared 3. open disrespect or willful disobedience of the authority of a court of law or legislative body
contentious: 1. tending to argue or quarrel; quarrelsome 2. causing, involving, or characterized by argument or controversy
context: 1. the circumstances surrounding something 2. the words before and after something that help explain what it means 3. the circumstances or situation in which something happens, which help to explain it
contract: 1. to get smaller; to shrink 2. to make smaller 3. to hire someone to work under a contract 4. to get
contradict: 1. to make a statement that goes against what has been expressed by another 2. to deny 3. to disagree with something
contradiction: 1. a difference between two or more messages or statements which shows that one of the statements must be wrong 2. an inconsistency
contrary: 1. opposite or completely different 2. obstinate 3. unfavorable
contrast: 1. the act of finding differences between two or more things 2. a difference between two or more things
contribute: 1. to write for a newspaper or a magazine 2. to give goods, money or time and effort to a person or group in order to help them
contribution: 1. something one gives or does in order to help reach a shared achievement 2. a donation 3. a specific tax payment
controversy: 1. a disagreement or dispute over a specific subject about which people have differing opinions 2. a heated discussion or argument
convene: 1. to bring people together for a formal or official purpose such as a meeting 2. to gather
convention: 1. a formal political agreement 2. a gathering or meeting of people or professionals with a shared interest 3. a social custom
conventional: 1. traditional 2. based on what is considered to be traditional or typical 3. common 4. related to or based on a convention or an agreement
converse: 1. to talk with a person or a group of people 2. to have a conversation
conversely: 1. reciprocally 2. in a contrary manner
convert: 1. to change something; to transform 2. to undergo a change 3. to change to another religion
convince: 1. to make someone believe what you are saying; to persuade
convinced: 1. very sure 2. persuaded 3. certain
convivial: 1. (of an atmosphere or event) friendly, lively, and making you feel happy and welcome; festive 2. (of a person) cheerful and friendly; jovial 3. fond of eating, drinking, and good company; sociable; jovial
cooperate: 1. to work together with one or more other people in order to reach a shared or mutually beneficial goal
cooperative: 1. done with others 2. willing to work with others
coordinate: 1. to harmonize 2. to make two or more things work well or efficiently together 3. to match
coordination: 1. the act of making various parts work together in one organized or harmonious way
copious: large in quantity or number; affording ample supply; abundant; plentiful
core: 1. the center of something 2. the most important or essential part of something
corporal: of or relating to the body; bodily; physical
corporate: 1. belonging or pertaining to a large company or corporation 2. common or shared between people or a group of people
corporeal: 1. of or relating to a person's body and not to spiritual or emotional states 2. of a material nature; tangible
corpulent: 1. overweight 2. fat 3. physically large
correspond: 1. to communicate through messages, letters or e-mails 2. to be related to or quite similar to
corresponding: 1. related to 2. comparable 3. matching 4. directly related
corroborate: strengthen, confirm or give support to (a statement, theory, etc.) by providing information or evidence that agrees with them
cosmopolitan: 1. common to or representative of all or many different countries and cultures 2. containing or having experience of many different countries and cultures 3. including people from many different countries 4. free from local or national habits or prejudice
counterfeit: 1. to forge a copy of something, often for illegal or dishonest reasons 2. to create a high-quality copy of something with the intention of defrauding someone
couple: 1. two people who are romantically involved 2. two similar or equal things
covert: 1. secretive or not openly shown 2. hidden; concealed 3. veiled
create: 1. to invent something; to develop something new 2. to cause or bring about
credible: 1. trustworthy 2. easy to believe or convincing 3. reliable
credit: 1. money that is given to someone with the understanding that it will be paid back with interest 2. recognition or praise
credulous: 1. gullible or easily deceived 2. overly willing to believe what one sees or hears 3. easily tricked or convinced
criteria: 1. the standards or rules on which something is judged or based
crucial: 1. of the utmost importance 2. extremely important 3. decisive
cryptic: 1. mysterious 2. possessing a hidden meaning 3. written or said using a special code or cypher
culpable: deserving blame or censure
culture: 1. behaviors, beliefs, and standards that are shared between one large group of people or a society 2. art, such as music, literature, dance, theater, etc.
cumulative: 1. increasing due to the constant addition of other elements 2. gradually increasing 3. snowballing
cupidity: 1. avarice 2. a strong or excessive desire for possessions or wealth
currency: 1. money; any other medium of exchange
cursory: quick and probably not detailed
curtail: 1. to reduce or shorten something 2. to establish a limit on something 3. to abridge
cycle: 1. an extended period of time 2. a bi- or tri- cycle 3. a series of events which repeat over time
cynical: 1. displaying a belief that people only act in self-interested ways 2. pessimistic or skeptical 3. distrustful of humans or human nature 4. contemptuous or condescending
data: 1. information, facts or figures about a specific subject that is often used to make a decision 2. information used by a computer
dauntless: showing fearlessness and determination
dearth: a lack of something or an inadequate supply
debacle: 1. a complete collapse or failure, often in an embarrassing way 2. a sudden, disastrous collapse, downfall, or defeat
debase: 1. to degrade 2. to adulterate 3. to reduce in quality or value 4. to humiliate
debate: 1. a civil or controlled argument between two or more people or groups with opposing viewpoints 2. a formal discussion before a vote 3. discussion
decade: 1. a period of ten years 2. any series or group of ten
decimate: 1. destroy, kill, or remove a large number or proportion of (a group) 2. reduce, damage, or destroy the strength or effectiveness of something severely 3. select by lot and kill every tenth one of
decline: 1. a fall in the number of something; a reduction 2. the act of reducing in number 3. a downward slope
decoy: 1. an object used as a decoy or to bait people or animals 2. something used to lure people or animals to trick them into a dangerous situation
decry: 1. to openly express displeasure or disagreement with 2. to condemn
deduce: 1. to reach a conclusion based on the facts available 2. to infer
deference: respectful submission to someone or something
deferential: 1. considerate 2. respectful towards one's elders or superiors 3. polite
defile: 1. to spoil something by making it less pure; to corrupt 2. to pollute or make something dirty
define: 1. to explain exactly what something means 2. to describe what a word means 3. to clarify 4. to limit
definite: 1. exact 2. clear 3. undeniable 4. certain and unlikely to change
definition: 1. a clear outline of something 2. the meaning of a word or phrase
degradation: 1. the act or process of degrading such as in rank, status, or condition 2. treat someone or something poorly and without respect; humiliation
deleterious: 1. damaging or harmful 2. injurious to health
deliberate: 1. to carefully debate or think about something serious 2. to thoughtfully weigh the available options
delineate: 1. describe or portray (something) clearly and precisely 2. draw or trace the outline of; sketch or trace in outline
demagogue: a person, especially an orator or political leader, who gains power and popularity by appealing to emotion, passions, prejudice, etc. rather than by using rational argument in order to win them over quickly and so gain power
demonstrate: 1. to deliberately show or prove 2. to make clear
demonstrative: 1. freely and openly showing one's emotions, attitudes, etc., especially of love or affection 2. serving as convincing evidence or conclusive proof of something
demure: (especially of a woman or her behavior) reserved, modest, shy, and well behaved
denote: 1. to be a name or symbol for 2. to indicate 3. to mean; to symbolize
denounce: 1. to condemn or accuse something or someone, often in a formal manner 2. to strongly and publicly criticize someone or something
deny: 1. to say that something is not true 2. to claim one is not guilty of something; to not admit 3. to not let someone have something
depict: 1. show (someone or something) in a picture, drawing, painting, photograph, etc. 2. describe (someone or something) using words, a story, etc.
deplete: 1. to cause a great reduction in the fullness or size of 2. to use up 3. to decrease the number of something
deplore: 1. to believe something is wrong or bad 2. to lament; to regret 3. to feel great sadness about
depravity: behavior that is immoral or evil; wickedness
deprecate: 1. criticize or express disapproval of (someone or something) 2. depreciate; belittle
depreciation: 1. decrease in value due to age, wear, decay, market conditions, etc. 2. a decrease in the purchasing or exchange value of money 3. an instance of disparaging or belittlement
depress: 1. to press or force down 2. to make someone feel quite sad 3. to weaken 4. to lower the amount of something
depression: 1. extreme sadness 2. a dip in a surface 3. a severe recession in an economy
deride: speak of or write about (someone or something) in a way that shows you think they are stupid, unimportant, or useless; make fun of; ridicule
derivative: 1. developed from, based on, influenced by, or copied something else; derived 2. copied or adapted from others; not original; secondary
derive: 1. to get something from a source 2. to deduce 3. to show or trace the origin of
descry: 1. see (something unclear or distant) by looking carefully 2. discover by looking carefully
design: 1. a sketch or a plan that shows what something will be like when it is produced or constructed 2. a pattern or plan
desist: 1. to cease or to stop 2. to abstain from doing something
despite: 1. hatred or malice 2. injury
despondent: very sad and with no enthusiasm from loss of hope or courage; dejected
despot: 1. a ruler or other person with absolute, unlimited power, typically one who uses that power in cruel and unfair ways; autocrat 2. any tyrant or oppressor
destitute: 1. extremely poor and lacking money, food, a home, or possessions 2. (often followed by of) destitute of: deprived of, devoid of, or lacking
detect: 1. to note or to feel something 2. to discover or catch 3. to note the presence of
deter: 1. to discourage or keep someone from doing something 2. to make someone decide not to do something by making them fear the consequences or repercussions
deteriorate: 1. to get or become worse 2. to depreciate 3. to disintegrate over time
deterrent: something that discourages; tending to deter
detrimental: 1. causing damage or injury 2. harmful
deviate: 1. to stray from the established course or standards 2. to digress
device: 1. a contraption used to perform specific tasks 2. an explosive, like a bomb 3. a method used to do something
devote: 1. to dedicate time or resources to something 2. to set apart
dexterous: 1. skillful in the use of one's hands 2. possessing great mental skill; clever
diatribe: an angry, bitter, and sharply abusive speech or piece of writing that strongly criticizes, denounces, or attacks against someone or something
differentiate: 1. to determine or recognize the difference between two or more things; to distinguish 2. to make one thing unlike another
diffuse: 1. pour out and cause to spread freely, as a fluid 2. spread or scatter over a wide area widely or thinly; disseminate; dispersed; not concentrated in one area 3. spread among a large group of people 4. cause (light) to spread evenly to reduce glare
dilemma: 1. a serious problem 2. a situation in which a difficult decision must be made
diligent: steady, hard-working, and careful in one's work or duties; industrious; painstaking
dimension: 1. a property or way of measuring space 2. a part or aspect of something larger
diminish: 1. to reduce or make smaller 2. to become smaller or less
diminutive: extremely or unusually short or small in size; much smaller than ordinary or average; very small; little; tiny
dire: 1. causing or involving great fear or suffering; dreadful; terrible 2. warning of or indicating dreadful or terrible future (trouble, disaster, misfortune, etc.) 3. extremely serious or urgent; requiring immediate action
discern: 1. see, recognize, find out, or understand something that is far away or not very clear 2. perceive or recognize (someone or something) with difficulty by the sight or some other sense 3. come to know, recognize, or distinguish mentally
discord: 1. disagreement among people or things 2. dispute or strife 3. a lack of harmony
discount: a reduction in the usual price of something
discrepancy: 1. a difference or variation between things that should be identical 2. inconsistency 3. disagreement
discrete: 1. distinct 2. separate 3. not continuous
discretion: 1. the ability to judge people or situations wisely and make the right choices 2. the ability to behave in a way that does not cause offense
discriminate: 1. to treat someone or a group of people differently due to their origin, race, sex or other trait 2. to distinguish or see the difference between things
disdain: the feeling of not liking someone or something and thinking that they are not important and do not deserve any interest, respect, notice, response, etc.
disparage: 1. speak of in a slighting or disrespectful way; belittle 2. lower in rank or reputation
disparity: 1. a large difference between two or more things 2. inequality 3. incongruity
dispel: 1. make (a doubt, fear, belief, feeling, or idea) go away or end, usually by proving them wrong or unnecessary 2. drive away or off in various directions; disperse; dissipate
displace: 1. to force someone or something out of its proper place or position 2. to take over for 3. to remove
displacement: 1. the act of removing someone or something from the place it held or lived previously
display: 1. to show or present 2. to demonstrate 3. to reveal
dispose: 1. to get rid of or throw away 2. to make someone feel a certain way 3. to arrange
disseminate: 1. spread (something, especially news, information, ideas, etc.) widely 2. scatter widely, as in sowing seed
distinct: 1. different or separate 2. unmistakable; obvious
distinction: 1. honor or excellence 2. something that makes a person or a thing different from the rest
distort: 1. to misrepresent or give false information 2. to change something so that it is no longer the way it originally was
distribute: 1. to give out or hand out 2. to spread something out over a surface 3. to deliver products
distribution: 1. the act of giving something out to people 2. the way in which something is distributed or spread out over an area
diurnal: 1. daily; happening every day 2. done during the daytime or related to daytime
divergent: 1. tending to split and move out in different directions from a single point; diverging 2. be or become different
diverse: 1. possessing various characteristics 2. distinct 3. diversified
diversity: 1. difference or variety 2. the state of having people from different races and cultures gathered together in one space or organization
divert: 1. to distract 2. to make something move in a different direction or on a different course 3. to use for a different purpose than the original 4. to amuse or entertain
docile: 1. submissive 2. easy to handle, manage or teach 3. compliant
doctrine: 1. a belief or set of beliefs that are taught and accepted by a religious, political, scientific, or other group; dogma 2. a statement of official government policy, especially in foreign or military affairs
document: 1. to record something on paper or in digital format 2. to provide written evidence
dogmatic: an authoritative, arrogant assertion of unproved or unprovable principles as if they are certainly correct and cannot be doubted
domain: 1. territory 2. field of activity or study 3. a set or group of websites that share the same suffix such as .net .org etc.
domestic: 1. related to house, home or family 2. from one's own country
dominant: 1. governing; ruling; exercising one's control 2. more important than similar things 3. commanding
dominate: 1. to be very good at something 2. to command; to have power over 3. to be the most important or largest thing in a group
dormant: 1. sleeping, lying asleep or as if asleep; inactive 2. not active or developing now, but it may become active or develop in the future 3. in a state of rest or inactivity; inoperative
draft: 1. the first draft or copy of something 2. a sketch 3. a rush of air through a building or space
drama: 1. a play that is performed in a theater, on television or on the radio 2. a literary work that deals with a serious subject 3. the art of performing
dramatic: 1. sensational 2. pronounced 3. extremely sudden 4. extreme
dubious: 1. doubtful 2. questionable 3. not totally good or honest 4. undecided
duration: 1. the amount of time that something lasts
dynamic: 1. full of energy; enthusiastic 2. constantly changing 3. relating to energy or physical forces
eccentric: 1. strange 2. unusual 3. unconventional and deviating from what is considered to be "normal" behavior
eclectic: 1. selecting or choosing from various sources, systems, or styles 2. made up of or combining elements from a variety of sources
economic: 1. cheap 2. pertaining to the economy of a country or region 3. related to the system of buying and selling goods and services
economy: 1. the money and production of goods and services of a specific political region 2. thriftiness or careful management when spending money
edit: 1. to revise a document and change whatever errors one sees 2. to produce a book or document by gathering different works together
edition: 1. a group of a publications that were published at the same time 2. a specific version or a book or a product
effigy: 1. a sculpture or monument of a person 2. a poorly made dummy that looks like or represents a person and is most often used in protest or ridicule
effluent: something that flows out or forth, especially sewage or other liquid waste
egregious: 1. something terribly bad 2. something surprisingly negative
elated: 1. very happy and excited; exultantly proud and joyful; overjoyed 2. make very proud, happy, or joyful
element: 1. a specific part of something tangible 2. a characteristic of something abstract or intangible 3. the most basic information about a certain subject
elicit: 1. evoke or draw out (a response, information, etc.) from someone 2. draw out or entice forth; bring to light
eliminate: 1. to get rid of 2. to abolish 3. to remove
eloquent: 1. persuasive in speaking or writing 2. characterized by fluent and persuasive speech 3. movingly or vividly expressive
elucidate: make clear, plain, or easy to understand, especially by explanation or giving more information; clarify; explain
elude: 1. avoid or escape from (a danger, enemy, or pursuer) by quickness, cunning, etc.; evade 2. fail to be understood or remembered by (someone) 3. fail to be achieved by (someone)
elusive: 1. difficult to describe, find, catch, achieve, understand, or remember 2. cleverly or skillfully evasive
emaciated: 1. extremely thin due to great hunger or illness
emancipate: 1. to liberate someone or something 2. to free someone or something from bondage or control 3. to grant freedom and rights to someone
embezzle: 1. to secretly take money for your own use from someone who trusts you 2. to defraud
emerge: 1. to appear 2. to come into view 3. to become known 4. to come into existence
empathy: the ability to understand and share the feelings, thoughts, attitudes, experiences, and emotions of another
emphasis: 1. the importance that is specifically placed on something 2. stress
empirical: relying on or derived from observation or experiment rather than theory or pure logic
emulate: try to equal or excel (someone or something you admire), typically by imitation
enable: 1. to make someone able to do something 2. to give someone the tools or resources to do something 3. to allow someone to do something
encompass: 1. form a circle or ring around; encircle; surround 2. include different types of people or things; include comprehensively; contain 3. enclose; envelop
encounter: 1. to find someone or something unexpectedly 2. to stumble across 3. to face
endemic: 1. very common, prevalent in, or peculiar to a particular locality, region, or people 2. native
endorse: 1. to publicly declare one's support for something 2. to acknowledge a document by signing it
endurance: 1. the ability or power to withstand stress or an unpleasant s