OBEDIENCE TO PARENTS Introduction: Obedience is a valuable trait in a man’s character. If there were no obedience, society and government cease to exist. Our father and mother are our parents. Obedience to the parents means to act and behave according to their advice and instructions. It is said, “Learn to obey your parents first, for to them obedience goes instinctively.” Why we should obey them: We owe a great deal to our parents. It is the parents who brought us to the world. When we were born, we were utterly helpless. It is the parents who tenderly brought us up looked after us days and night, gave us food, clothing, shelter and education without caring their own comforts and happiness. Nobody on earth is dearer and nearer to a child than his parents. They are our best well – wishers. Besides, it is prudent to obey parents. They are wiser and more experienced. Their guidance is sure to benefit their young and inexperienced children. Their love for us is selfless and divine. Even they sacrifice their lives for the sake of us it necessary. Babur, the great Mughal Emperor, sacrificed his life for his son, Humayun. There are several other instances of this kind. *Niba * A religious duty: It is the religious duty of every child to obey his parents. Next to God, it is the parents whom we should obey without any condition. All religions of the world preach that behaving well with the parents is just- like praising the Almighty. Our duty towards them: We cannot repay the debt to the parents. It is only by obedience to them, we can at least recognise this debt. We should love our parents dearly. We should look after the comforts of our parents. We should never disobey them. We should gladly carry out what they say. We should take care not to hurt their feelings by our words or deeds. In their old age, we should take every possible care of them. *Niba * Examples of great men: All great men of the world became great by being loyal to the parents. For example, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar did not care to swim across the Damodar river to see his mother. Hazrat Byazid Bostami sat the whole night with a glass of water by the bed of his mother who asked for water and went back to sleep. Napoleon, Wellington, Gandhi were all obedient children. Curse to a disobedient child: Disobedience to parents is a sin. There are some wicked sons who care little for their parents. They always hate them. Even in their old days they drive them out from the house. Such ungrateful, disobedient children can never prosper in life. Instances are not rare, when they have not only displeased and wounded the hearts of their loving parents, but brought down utter ruin on themselves. *Niba * Conclusion: Our parents are the greatest friends. They stand by us in our weal and woe, in our comfort and suffering. We should be conscious of our duties towards them during the lifetime and even pray for their salvation when they are no more. Obed fence to Parents Indeed parents are second to none in this world except God. They are the only source of our lives on earth. We have seen the light of the day through our parents. They are the dearest and closest ones on earth. So our first and foremost duty, of course, is to obey our parents. Parents are our best friends and well-wishers on earth. When we were born first, we were quite helpless. We could hot have lived if our parents had not taken care of us during our infancy. They tenderly brought us up and looked after us all the time. They gave us food, clothing, shelter and education at the cost of great sacrifice. When we were ill, they nursed us without caring for their own joy and happiness. If necessary, they gladly sacrificed their precious lives for us. For instance Babur, the great Mughal Emperor sacrificed his invaluable life for his son Humayun. Iswar Chandra Bidyasagar swam across the great Damodar river to see his mother. So to speak, there is none to love us more like them. We have many duties to be done for parents. As parents sacrifice everything for our happiness, it is our bounden duty to serve them and look after them in all possible ways. Particularly we should look after them when they become old, helpless as we were in our childhood. We should supply their needs properly. When they become weak, sick and infirm in old age, we should look after and nurse them with tenderness and care. We should fulfil all their wishes. We should not do anything that may hurt their feelings. A son who is not obedient to his parents can never prosper in life. Disobedience, disregard and negligence are serious crimes and punishments are sure to follow in the later chapter of fife. On the contrary, obedience to parents brings happiness, pleasure and satisfaction in life. In short, every son and daughter should serve parents by obeying their orders, their advice and by looking after them with due care and heart-felt love. In fact, duty to parents is endless. So, all of us should be dutiful and obedient to our parents during their lifetime and even pray for their salvation when they are no more. Olympic Games Every four years, athletes from around the world come together to compete in the Olympic Games. Do you know why this event is called the Olympics? The games were first held at Olympia in ancient Greece. The ancient Olympic Games honored the Greek god Zeus. Today, the Olympic Games are held in different cities around the world. The ancient Olympics began as far back as 776 BC. That’s when the Greeks began keeping records of the winners. The ancient Games continued until about AD 392, more than 1,000 years!Athletes came from cities throughout Greece to compete in races, boxing and wrestling matches, gymnastics, and weightlifting. They also threw spears, hurled a discus (bronze disk), and jumped for distance. Wealthy Greeks raced their horses. Winners were crowned with wreaths of olive or palm leaves. The ancient Olympic Games were not just a sporting event, however. There were competitions in poetry, music, speechmaking, and other arts as well.At the beginning and end of the Games, animals were sacrificed (killed and offered) to Zeus. A splendid temple was built at Olympia in Zeus’s honor. When people stopped worshiping the Greek gods, the Olympic Games were canceled. The Olympic Games were brought back in 1896. The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, the capital of Greece. Only nine countries participated in the first Games, and all the athletes were
male. Today, some 10,000 athletes compete in the Olympic Games, and nearly half of them are female. They represent about 200 nations. At first, the modern Olympics included only summer sports, such as swimming, rowing, and track and field. Figure skating was added in 1908, and ice hockey in 1920. The first winter Olympic Games were held in 1924. More winter sports were later added to the Winter Games, including downhill skiing, bobsledding, and ski jumping. Snowboarding and freestyle skiing followed in the 1990s.From 1924 through 1992, the Winter Games and the Summer Games took place in the same year. After 1992, the next Winter Games were moved up two years, to 1994. Winter Games and Summer Games now occur two years apart. Each of these Games takes place every four years. After each Olympic event, medals are awarded to the competitors who finish in first, second, and third place. First-place winners receive a gold medal. Those who finish in second place receive a silver medal, and those in third place, a bronze medal. Olympic athletes often dazzle the world. This is a game which still bears the ancient heritage of human race on the earth. Difference Between Online Class and in Campus Class Introduction: Modern technology has infiltrated the education sector and as a result, many college students now prefer taking online classes, as opposed to attending the traditional regular classes. Online education is a ready-made educational product for students. Online courses and classes are artificial. While traditional classes or in-person classes. In which teachers have to serve education each day with their own creativity, situation, the mood of the class, and experiences. Students can ask for answers. The answer is according to the students when students’ and teachers’ interaction happens in traditional classes. It’s a lack of online classes and yet robots, an online educator can’t analyze the situation of students sitting remotely. Following are the differences between online classes and in campus classes: 1. One can take online classes whenever one gets time.It can be during travel by bus, car, train, plane. It’s not possible in traditional classes. One has to be in class on the time according to a pre-fixed schedule and mostly a fixed place. 2. Online classes require discipline. One can be careless while taking online classes and courses. On another side, in-person classes do not wait for one and your best mood. Traditional classes keep running no matter one is in the mood of learning and not. It’s challenging for one but it’s the key to build discipline as soon as possible earlier in life. 3. Traditional classes and learning by following a routine, help to build a strong learning foundation in your mind that remains unbreakable in one’s whole life. And one will never give up on any situation in your career, projects, and business. Online classes are available on mobile, tablet or laptop and you know that one can’t even stop yourself from checking social media status then think about kids, teenagers, can they stop themselves? 4. It’s tough to drop the traditional classes. Each class and course is based on certain goals. After the semester one has to participate in exams and it’s the fear that makes it possible for one to attend each topic and class. Online classes or courses do not have that many boundaries. And that’s why many students do not complete the online courses and classes. 5. In traditional classes, teachers have the responsibility to educate and train students in certain skills. And for that, they do the hard work and use their creativity according to students’ responses. But in online classes, the hard work and pre-designed creativity or are ready-made educational productsin which teachers are unable to find out the mindset of students, expression, and present behaviors, and the answers are not personalized. 6. One can’t continue the questions with teachers. There is just 1 answer. That’s why in traditional classes, one can ask questions about the teacher’s answers and history. And teachers have to use their own expertise, experience, creativity so that they will be able to provide knowledge for passionate learners. 7. In online classes, teachers are not able to understand one’s questions, past experiences, study environment, financial conditions, and personality. But in traditional classes, when one asks any certain question
it’s easy for teachers to understand one and one’s questions because one is present in the class or interacting in-person. 8. 8.It takes time for teachers in online classes to answer all the questions of students. In campus classes, there is a time and a method to answer. Sometimes answers are not in the text, they can be an image, they can be in an assignment, they can be in any form of creativity. And it’s tough in online classes to explore possibilities for answers. 9. There are high chances of this is that in online classes and online courses support teams, are not the team of teachers, but they are trained sales and customer support people. One can’t identify if one is interacting with teachers or bots or sales support. 10. The cost of conducting online classes are less for colleges and universities. They are required less infrastructure such as tables, chairs, boards, teachers, admission and examination process, etc. But in traditional classes, it consumes many things. 11. In online classes, one is free to complete the course with your own learning capacity. I mean the speed of learning can be fast and slow and it supports all kinds of configured students. In traditional classes, some students are slow to respond, slow to understand the topic, in that case, many times their doubts skipped. 12. One can’t get lifetime access to the Traditional Classes. But it’s the advantage of online classes that one can access them on any device anytime. 13. Online classes are more suitable for higher classes such as for college students or after bachelor students. Online classes required some technical and basic computer/internet knowledge. 14. In online classes, one doesn’t have many options to participate in the project/assignment and experiments. One can just watch and predict.In traditional classes, one can participate, touch, and feel what’s happening during the experiments/projects. One has an active role in the assignment. For example, one can learn and watch how to filter crude oil, but one can’t do it in real-time at home, because many things are not available for all students at that time. 15. 15. It’s tough to learn from other enrolled students in online classes. One can read the comments. But most of them are spam. But in traditional classes, there are many chances to learn from classmates, such as any student can ask a creative question that you never imagined connected to the class topic, and you will learn this for free. It’s not happening yet in online classes. Education is not what students like to learn, education is what is good for them to learn. Conclusion: Online learning is convenient and has less basic requirements compared with traditional learning. It also allows learners who would have ordinarily not gone back to school to access an education. However, online students do not benefit from a close interaction with their peers and instructors as do their regular counterparts. Also, regular students can engage their instructors more easily and relatively faster in case they want to have certain sections of the course explained, unlike online students. OPEN AIR CULTURE . Present day culture is an open air culture that is also called dish culture. Dish culture grips our life span and we are surrounded with the environment of displays of satellite channels. This open air dish culture seeks to enliven our health and nourishment of mind. Again our minds are poisoned with unhealthy elements generating distortion. Having the merits and demerits of dish antenna we hardly detach ourselves from seeing it or its impact. In fact, dish culture is inseparably related to our life. Introduction of dish antenna in Bangladesh was in force just more than a decade ago. Once this miraculous instrument was very costly in Bangladesh. Now it is within means of middle class people. And people of urban and rural areas are having the taste of satellite culture with the help of dish antenna. In this age of mechanization recreation, studies are being availed along with the international world. Dish antenna has become the modern media of mobilising those facilities. Dish channels not only broadcast recreational programmes but also play the role of fostering merit and intellect. Dish channels also bear the stamp of progress in merit and intellect in the developed countries. Everything has its positive action and negative reaction. Naked films, dance shows and music shows are on the air and accessible to the soft hearted youths through dish antenna. Most of the times TV ads are displayed in distorted forms. Amoral displays are more eye-catching than instructive programmes to the teenagers. Young generations are misguided by these programmes. Alien cultures are intruding into our native cultures and native cultures may be endangered by them. Shamelessness, nakedness are noticed among the boys and girls nowadays and. needless to say, this is the result of prevailing infectious dish culture. Our religious values are declining under the impact of open air culture. Drug addiction, terrorism, violence, family detachment, indifference to moral education, sexual perversion, rape, killing, trafficking, dacoity are the results of thrilling. ludicrous and panicky displays of dish channels. Dish antenna is the gift of ultra-modern technology. We should discard the demerits of dish culture and utilize its merits for our recreation and welfare in our individual and national life. BANGLADESH / OUR MOTHERLAND / OUR COUNTRY Like a phoenix that arises from its own ashes, Bangladesh too arose from the ashes of the revolutionary fire that had swept through it and emerged as a brave new free nation. Bangladesh is a proud nation as it emerged through a glorious freedom fight. The name of my homeland is Bangladesh. She is a small country with large population. She became free and independent on the 16th December 1971. The soil, the sky, the wind, in fact, everything of this country is dear to me. Bangladesh is a South Asian country. She is surrounded on the west, north and east by Indian territories. She borders on Myanmar on the south-east. The Bay of Bengal lies on the south. The area of Bangladesh is about 1,48,393 square kilometres. She is divided into six divisions and 64 districts. Bangladesh is mainly a plain land criss-crossed by a network of rivers and canals. She is a land of alluvial soil, forming a part of the Gangetic plan. In the eastern and south-eastern regions there are only a few hilly tracts. The land of Bangladesh is very fertile. Our farmers can easily dig, plough and prepare the soil with there simple hand-made tools. Bangladesh has sub-tropical climate and receives heavy monsoon showers from April to September. There are six seasons is Bangladesh. They are summer, rains, autumn, late autumn, winter and spring. Dhaka, the most populated city in the country, is the capital of Bangladesh. The total population of our country is about 13 crore. In point of the size of population, she is the eighth largest country in the world. People of different religions live in Bangladesh. The Muslims, the Hindus, the Buddhists and the Christians are notable among them. About eighty percent of the people of Bangladesh are Muslims. People of different religions live here in peace and amity. Most of the people of our country are illiterate. The main cause of the backwardness of our country is illiteracy. The government and the other organisations of the country are firmly determined to remove the cause of illiteracy from the country within the shortest possible time. Chiefly an agricultural country, Bangladesh produces a substantial quantity of jute, oil seeds, rice, sugar cane and pulses. Seventy percent of the world’s jute is produced in the country. The hilly slopes of Sylhet and Chittagong produce tea. The fertile land of our country makes the production of fruits easy. She produces various kinds of fruits. Most of them are fleshy. Some of them contain watery juice. The fruits of Bangladesh are mangoes, jackfruits, pineapples, papaws, coconuts, palms, guavas, bananas, lichis, lemons, blackberries, plums, melons, native-apples, star-apples, wood-apples etc. Most of the fruits produced in Bangladesh are health giving.
Fish forms a principal item of our food next only to rice. There are innumerable kinds of fish in Bangladesh. Of them the hilsa, rohit, katla, mrigel, kai, magur, shigi, chital, boal, vetki, tangra, pabda and punti are the most common. Some of these live in rivers, some in tanks or ponds, some in swamps and some, again, in seas. Fishes are of many sizes and colours. Page: 2 Bangladesh is the favourite child of nature. Different kinds of flowers bloom in Bangladesh in every season. The Rose is the most beautiful of all flowers. The Marigold looks golden. It is scentless. The Chameli, the Beli, the Karabi, the Malati, the Jui are noted for their sweet scent. The Cosmos and the Dalia add to the beauty of our gardens in winter. The Krishnachura, the Kadam, the Palash are also very beautiful flowers. Many wild flowers are also found in the bushes and jungles of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a land of rivers. The Padma, the Meghna, the Jamuna, the Brahmaputra, the Karnafuli are the main rivers of Bangladesh. Besides, there are many other rivers and their tributaries as well. Bangladesh is not yet fully industrialised. But it is famous for jute industry. Tea is also exported and earns a lot of foreign exchange every year. There are also textile-mils, sugar-mills, cement-industry, and fertilizer industries. There are a rich source of hydro-electricity, cheap labour and a ready made market. Until March 25, 1971 Bangladesh was a part of Pakistan, one of the two states into which the sub-continent was divided when the British rulers transferred power in 1947. While a part of Pakistan, Bangladesh (then called East Pakistan) experienced the worst type injustice. Exploitation and tyranny bred discontent and resentment. When the people demanded rectification of their grievances, they were threatened with utter slavery and extinction. This led them to wage a war of survival. They won and emerged as an independent nation. Bangladesh is a picturesque land. She has six seasons. This bears testimony to the fact that in this country there is more variety in a year. Much of the beauty of the country is contributed by numerous trees of different sizes. They not only add beauty and charm to the land but also make a great source of wealth to the country. Bangladesh is a land of rivers. Few sights on earth can be compared in variety and beauty with the sight of a river in Bangladesh. At different times of the day it presents different scenes. Flowers are the special gift of nature in Bangladesh. They lend colour, smell, beauty and charm to the land. Among other natural beauties, green paddy fields, tea gardens and hills deserve mention. Bangladesh, having a glorious past, is a seat of ancient civilization. In Bangladesh there are many places which are the seats of ancient civilization of a high order. Places like Paharpur, Mahasthangarh and Mainamati and numerous historical monuments and relics give evidence to our glorious past, rich culture and high civilization. Bangladesh was once a country of plenty and affluence. Her granaries were full of food grains. Her cowsheds were full of cattle. But today she is in want and poverty. However, I love my country with all my heart. I shall do my best to make my country strong. And it is expected that with the co-operation between the Government and the people, the country will be self-sufficient in near future.
OUR NATIONAL FLAG
Every independent country in this world has a national flag of its own. A national flag bears the identity of a nation. Bangladesh is our country and we have our national flag. It is not merely a piece of cloth but is symbol of love we have for our country. When the national flag is hoisted full mast, we feel proud of it. To the outside world, the national flag carries the identity of our nation.
The size of our national flag is rectangular. The student ratio of its length and width is 5:3. There is a red circle in the middle of the green flag. The radius of this red circle must be one fifth of the total length of the flag.
The late Kamrul Hasan, one of the reputed artists of the country, designed our national flag. The flag bears a significant meaning. The design of our flag is a two-colour combination. It is often made of cloth. Against a broad green background is pasted a red circle in the middle. The red circle indicates a burning sun and the green background suggests the lush green of our nature. There red sun also suggests the blood sacrificed by our people in achieving the independence. The green colour on the other hand shows the energy of our people.
Our national flag is not achieved in a day or two. We had to wait for quite a long time to achieve it. After a nine-month long blood shedding war in 1971, we, the Bangalees could own this sacred flag. Our national flag is dearer, holier and more precious to us than any other earthly possessions. It represents our way of living and traits that we adopt. It has established us in the world as a nation of freedom fighting. A great sense of honour is attached to the national flag. It is never to be desecrated. So we ought to preserve its prestige. We should show respect to it. Nay, we should be determined to defend it even at the cost of our lives.
When the flag is hoisted, we all stand up and sing our national anthem to pay respect to it. The national flag is hoisted regularly on the working days in schools, colleges, offices and courts of the country. It is brought down before the sundown.
The more a country prospers the more a national flag gains in dignity. One only hopes that the Bangladesh national flag will earn a global recognition in future.
OUR NATIONAL FLAG
Introduction: The national flag is the symbol of independence of a nation. Every independent country of the world has its separate national flag. We are also an independent nation. The name of our country is Bangladesh and we are Bangladeshi by nation. So, we have a national flag of our own.
Its size, length and breadth: Our national flag is very beautiful to look at. It is rectangular in size, the length and the breadth being 5:3 in proportion. There is a rounded red portion in the middle. The remaining portion is deep green in colour.
Meaning conveyed by the flag : Our national flag conveys a deep meaning. The green portion denotes freshness and liveliness. Therising sun indicates the bloody sacrifice of the fallen for our motherland and our promising life and prosperity in future. When the flag is hoisted, it looks very nice and inspiring. It appears that a red sun is shining on a land full of green crops.
Its use: Our national flag is generally hoisted on top of all the government offices, high courts, secretariat building, Bangabhaban. On the national Independence Day and Victory Day it is hoisted at full mast. But on the mourning day such as Language Movement Day it is hoisted at half mast.
Its misuse: The national flag is sometimes seen to be used lightly and indiscriminately as if it were a mere plaything like a toy flag in the hand of a child. It is to be deeply regretted that our people are often found wanting in this respect. We sometimes find torn or soiled national flags on house tops and cars, even in dust-heaps. We also sometimes find these flags in the hands of demonstrators marching along the streets. All these prove that the offenders are not conscious of the sanctity of the National flag.
How it should be used : As the National flag is the symbol of the country’s honour, great care is to be taken in using it. It is to be regarded as something holy, and should, therefore, be kept above all
internal controversies---------------- political or religious or ideological. There may be quarrels in between parties and groups, but there can be no quarrel with the National flag; all should bow down before it and keep its honour bright. It should not be lowered before anything. No other flag or emblem should be placed above the National flag or to its right. When carried in a procession, it is to be borne on the right shoulder of the standard- bearer and carried in front of the procession.
Conclusion: To every independent nation, its flag is dearer, holier and more valuable than all other earthly possessions. The national flag is the symbol of the honour and ideal of the nation and as such it is held in the highest esteem by every patriot. So, we should remain ever-ready to die for its defence if necessary.
Any Local Game of Bangladesh or, The Country Game
Sports play an important part in giving us complete education. It gives us pleasure in our day to day life. That's why games and sports have become a part and parcel in our system of education and national life. Ha-du-du is one of the national games of our country.
Games are of two kinds - outdoor and indoor. Some games have originated abroad and some are our country or local games. The game of ha-du-du is an outdoor game of our country.
It is played on a smooth, grassy and plain ground. The playground is generally 25 cubits long and 15 cubits wide. This ground is divided into two equal halves /parts by drawing a line at the middle across of the total specified area. The parts are called court and the line is called land mark. I ho players are divided into two parties /teams consisting of equal number of players. Generally each team consists of seven to eight members.
'The players stand face to face in a line or in the form of a semi-circle. I ach team stands in one part of the ground. A player of either team goes into the court of the other team by holding his breath and utters all along words 'ha-du-du' in one breath. He tries to touch a player or more of opposite team. If he can touch and reach his own court / area, he is out. The opposite players touched by him are out. On the contrary, if is caught by the enemy players and is held till he loses his breath, he is t. The game is over when all the players of one team are out. The team ose players are out is said to be defeated. On the other hand, the team et survives, wins the game.
his local game helps the development of all the limbs of the body. It also teaches co-operation, unity and discipline. No money is needed to play the game. So, it is widely played in the villages of Bangladesh.
Ha du-du is a very interesting game in Bangladesh. The interesting parts of the game are keeping the breath under control to make the player die or die and the making of ha-du-du sounds. The art of catching an enemy is really interesting.
11.E du-du is an excellent game. All of us should take interest in the 6,volopment of the game of Ha-du-du. It is our national game no doubt but we- should take effective steps to popularize this game in the international sectors also.
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